Letters of state written by Mr. John Milton, to most of the sovereign princes and republicks of Europe, from the year 1649, till the year 1659 ; to which is added, an account of his life ; together with several of his poems, and a catalogue of his works, never before printed.
         Milton, John, 1608-1674.
      
       
         
           1694
        
      
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             Letters of state written by Mr. John Milton, to most of the sovereign princes and republicks of Europe, from the year 1649, till the year 1659 ; to which is added, an account of his life ; together with several of his poems, and a catalogue of his works, never before printed.
             Milton, John, 1608-1674.
             England and Wales. Lord Protector (1653-1658 : O. Cromwell)
             England and Wales. Lord Protector (1658-1659 : R. Cromwell)
          
           [6], xlvii, [6], 336 p.
           
             [s.n.],
             London :
             1694.
          
           
             Reproduction of original in Union Theological Seminary Library, New York.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Milton, John, 1608-1674.
           Cromwell, Oliver, 1599-1658.
           Cromwell, Richard, 1626-1712.
           England and Wales. -- Parliament.
           England and Wales. -- Council of State.
           Great Britain -- History -- Commonwealth and Protectorate, 1649-1660.
        
      
    
     
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           LETTERS
           OF
           STATE
           ,
           Written
           by
           Mr.
           John
           Milton
           ,
           To
           most
           of
           the
           Sovereign
           Princes
           and
           Republicks
           of
           EUROPE
           .
        
         
           From
           the
           Year
           1649.
           
           Till
           the
           Year
           1659.
           
        
         
           To
           which
           is
           added
           ,
           An
           Account
           of
           his
           Life
           .
           Together
           with
           several
           of
           his
           Poems
           ;
           And
           a
           Catalogue
           of
           his
           Works
           ,
           never
           before
           Printed
           .
        
         
           LONDON
           :
           Printed
           in
           the
           Year
           ,
           1694.
           
        
      
       
         
         
         
           TO
           THE
           READER
           .
        
         
           PRejudice
           over
           rules
           and
           sways
           a
           World
           of
           People
           ;
           and
           there
           is
           no
           question
           but
           this
           Collection
           will
           meet
           with
           a
           great
           deal
           .
           There
           are
           some
           perhaps
           may
           censure
           it
           with
           an
           
             Infandum
             Regina
             jubes
          
           —
           Bigots
           to
           something
           ,
           but
           they
           know
           not
           what
           ;
           nor
           is
           it
           in
           their
           Nature
           to
           examine
           the
           Reasons
           of
           their
           Antipathy
           .
           For
           after
           the
           exactest
           Scrutiny
           that
           can
           be
           made
           ,
           there
           is
           nothing
           to
           be
           met
           with
           in
           the
           following
           Sheets
           ,
           not
           wrested
           by
           Tyrannical
           Innuendo's
           ,
           that
           can
           give
           the
           least
           Offence
           ;
           unless
           good
           Latin
           made
           good
           English
           be
           a
           
           Crime
           .
           Here
           are
           no
           discussions
           ,
           which
           of
           the
           Contending
           Parties
           were
           in
           the
           Right
           ;
           no
           Justifications
           of
           the
           Prosperous
           ,
           nor
           Conclusions
           from
           Success
           .
           Here
           are
           only
           bare
           Matters
           of
           Fact
           ,
           abstracted
           from
           the
           Domestick
           Broils
           ,
           and
           Civil
           Dissentions
           of
           those
           Times
           .
           It
           only
           appears
           from
           hence
           ,
           that
           a
           Certain
           Party
           of
           People
           ,
           having
           by
           Victory
           obtained
           the
           Supream
           Government
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           took
           the
           Common
           Methods
           of
           Prudence
           and
           Policy
           to
           strengthen
           themselves
           abroad
           ,
           by
           Leagues
           and
           Amities
           with
           Foreign
           Princes
           .
           Whatever
           they
           had
           done
           at
           home
           ,
           they
           paid
           to
           all
           the
           European
           Monarchs
           and
           Potentates
           ,
           that
           deference
           which
           became
           'em
           :
           yet
           were
           they
           not
           so
           pusillanimously
           forward
           neither
           to
           court
           Forreign
           Friendship
           ,
           or
           to
           conclude
           any
           Treaties
           but
           to
           the
           Advantage
           of
           the
           Nation
           ,
           according
           to
           those
           Maxims
           which
           they
           professed
           ;
           and
           how
           severe
           soever
           they
           were
           to
           those
           they
           believed
           their
           Enemies
           within
           dors
           ,
           both
           the
           one
           and
           
           the
           other
           were
           most
           careful
           ,
           not
           to
           suffer
           the
           Merchants
           to
           be
           abused
           abroad
           ,
           if
           either
           Force
           or
           Intercession
           could
           prevail
           .
           Then
           ,
           for
           the
           Honour
           of
           those
           People
           ,
           who
           had
           in
           those
           times
           successively
           Vsurp'd
           the
           Supream
           Authority
           of
           the
           Nation
           ,
           nothing
           more
           plainly
           discovers
           it
           then
           the
           different
           Style
           of
           the
           ensuing
           Letters
           :
           for
           Mr.
           Milton
           is
           not
           to
           be
           thought
           to
           have
           Written
           his
           own
           Sense
           ,
           but
           what
           was
           dictated
           to
           him
           by
           his
           Superiours
           .
           The
           Language
           of
           the
           Long
           Parliament
           was
           more
           Imperious
           and
           downright
           ;
           
           Oliver's
           Vein
           more
           full
           of
           Cants
           ;
           and
           where
           he
           concluded
           with
           Threats
           ,
           he
           began
           with
           Godly
           Expostulations
           .
           In
           the
           last
           place
           ,
           to
           question
           the
           Truth
           of
           those
           Transactions
           to
           which
           these
           following
           Letters
           have
           Relation
           ,
           would
           be
           a
           Solecism
           which
           Ignorance
           it self
           would
           be
           ashamed
           to
           own
           .
           The
           Dates
           ,
           the
           Subscriptions
           ,
           Superscriptions
           ,
           render
           every
           thing
           Authentick
           .
           So
           that
           were
           it
           only
           for
           their
           Character
           of
           Truth
           which
           must
           
           be
           allow'd
           'em
           ,
           that
           alone
           is
           sufficient
           to
           recommend
           'em
           to
           Posterity
           :
           at
           least
           to
           those
           who
           may
           be
           ambitious
           to
           be
           the
           English
           
           Thuanus's
           of
           succeeding
           Ages
           ,
           to
           whom
           the
           Verity
           of
           these
           Letters
           will
           be
           a
           useful
           Clue
           ,
           so
           far
           as
           it
           reaches
           ,
           to
           guide
           them
           through
           the
           Labyrinth
           of
           forgotten
           story
           .
           
             Hony
             Soit
             qui
             mal
             y
             pence
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           LIFE
           OF
           Mr.
           John
           Milton
           .
        
         
           OF
           all
           the
           several
           parts
           of
           History
           ,
           that
           which
           sets
           forth
           the
           Lives
           ,
           and
           Commemorates
           the
           most
           remarkable
           Actions
           ,
           Sayings
           ,
           or
           Writings
           of
           Famous
           and
           Illustrious
           Persons
           ,
           whether
           in
           War
           or
           Peace
           ;
           whether
           many
           together
           ,
           or
           any
           one
           in
           particular
           ,
           as
           it
           is
           not
           the
           least
           useful
           in
           it self
           ,
           so
           it
           is
           in
           highest
           Vogue
           and
           Esteem
           among
           the
           Studious
           and
           Reading
           part
           of
           Mankind
           .
           The
           most
           Eminent
           in
           this
           way
           of
           History
           were
           among
           the
           Ancients
           ,
           Plutarch
           and
           
             Diogenes
             Laertius
          
           of
           the
           Greeks
           ;
           the
           first
           wrote
           the
           
           Lives
           ,
           for
           the
           most
           part
           ,
           of
           the
           most
           Renowned
           Heroes
           and
           Warriours
           of
           the
           Greeks
           and
           Romans
           ;
           the
           other
           the
           Lives
           of
           the
           Ancient
           Greek
           Philosophers
           .
           And
           
             Cornelius
             Nepos
          
           (
           or
           as
           some
           will
           have
           it
           
             Acmilius
             Probus
          
           )
           of
           the
           Latins
           ,
           who
           wrote
           the
           Lives
           of
           the
           most
           Illustrious
           Greek
           and
           Roman
           Generals
           .
           Among
           the
           Moderns
           ,
           Machiavel
           a
           Noble
           Florentine
           ,
           who
           Elegantly
           wrote
           the
           Life
           of
           
             Castrucio
             Castracano
          
           ,
           Lord
           of
           Luca.
           And
           of
           our
           Nation
           ,
           Sir
           
             Fulk
             Grevil
          
           ,
           who
           wrote
           the
           Life
           of
           his
           most
           intimate
           Friend
           Sir
           
             Philip
             Sidney
          
           :
           Mr.
           
             Thomas
             Stanly
          
           of
           Cumberlo-Green
           ,
           who
           made
           a
           most
           Elaborate
           improvement
           to
           the
           foresaid
           Lacrtius
           ,
           by
           adding
           to
           what
           he
           found
           in
           him
           ,
           what
           by
           diligent
           search
           and
           enquiry
           he
           Collected
           from
           other
           Authors
           of
           best
           Authority
           .
        
         
           
             Isaac
             Walton
          
           ,
           who
           wrote
           the
           Lives
           of
           Sir
           
             Henry
             Wotton
          
           ,
           Dr.
           Donne
           ;
           and
           for
           his
           Divine
           Poems
           ,
           the
           admired
           Mr.
           
             George
             Herbert
          
           .
           Lastly
           ,
           not
           to
           mention
           several
           other
           Biographers
           of
           considerable
           Note
           ,
           the
           Great
           Gassendus
           of
           France
           ,
           the
           worthy
           Celebrator
           of
           two
           no
           less
           worthy
           Subjects
           of
           his
           impartial
           Pen
           ;
           viz.
           The
           Noble
           Philosopher
           Epicurus
           ,
           and
           the
           most
           politely
           Learned
           Virtuoso
           of
           his
           Age
           ,
           his
           Country-man
           ,
           Monsieur
           Periesk
           .
           And
           pitty
           it
           is
           the
           Person
           
           whose
           memory
           we
           have
           here
           undertaken
           to
           perpetuate
           by
           recounting
           the
           most
           memorable
           Transactions
           of
           his
           Life
           ,
           (
           though
           his
           Works
           sufficiently
           recommend
           him
           to
           the
           World
           )
           finds
           not
           a
           well-informed
           Pen
           able
           to
           set
           him
           forth
           ,
           equal
           with
           the
           best
           of
           those
           here
           mentioned
           ;
           for
           doubtless
           had
           his
           Fame
           been
           as
           much
           spread
           through
           Europe
           ,
           in
           
           Thuanus's
           time
           as
           now
           it
           is
           ,
           and
           hath
           been
           for
           several
           Years
           ,
           he
           had
           justly
           merited
           from
           that
           Great
           Historian
           ,
           an
           Eulogy
           not
           inferiour
           to
           the
           highest
           ,
           by
           him
           given
           to
           all
           the
           Learned
           and
           Ingenious
           that
           liv'd
           within
           the
           compass
           of
           his
           History
           .
           For
           we
           may
           safely
           and
           justly
           affirm
           ,
           that
           take
           him
           in
           all
           respects
           ,
           for
           Acumen
           of
           Wit
           ,
           Quickness
           of
           Apprehension
           ,
           Sagacity
           of
           Judgement
           ,
           Depth
           of
           Argument
           ,
           and
           Elegancy
           of
           Style
           ,
           as
           well
           in
           Latin
           as
           English
           ,
           as
           well
           in
           Verse
           as
           Prose
           ,
           he
           is
           scarce
           to
           be
           parallel'd
           by
           any
           the
           best
           of
           Writers
           our
           Nation
           hath
           in
           any
           Age
           brought
           forth
           .
           He
           was
           Born
           in
           London
           ,
           in
           a
           House
           in
           Breadstreet
           ,
           the
           Lease
           whereof
           ,
           as
           I
           take
           it
           ,
           but
           for
           certain
           it
           was
           a
           House
           in
           Breadstreet
           ,
           became
           in
           time
           part
           of
           his
           Estate
           in
           the
           Year
           of
           our
           Lord
           ,
           1606.
           
           His
           Father
           
             John
             Milton
          
           ,
           an
           Honest
           ,
           Worthy
           ,
           and
           Substantial
           Citizen
           of
           London
           ,
           by
           Profession
           a
           Scrivener
           ,
           to
           which
           Profession
           he
           voluntarily
           
           betook
           himself
           ,
           by
           the
           advice
           and
           assistance
           of
           an
           intimate
           Friend
           of
           his
           ,
           Eminent
           in
           that
           Calling
           ,
           upon
           his
           being
           cast
           out
           by
           his
           Father
           ,
           a
           bigotted
           
             Roman
             Catholick
          
           ,
           for
           embracing
           ,
           when
           Young
           ,
           the
           Protestant
           Faith
           ,
           and
           abjuring
           the
           Popish
           Tenets
           ;
           for
           he
           is
           said
           to
           have
           been
           Descended
           of
           an
           Ancient
           Family
           of
           the
           Miltons
           ,
           of
           Milton
           ,
           near
           Abington
           in
           Oxfordshire
           ;
           where
           they
           had
           been
           a
           long
           time
           seated
           ,
           as
           appears
           by
           the
           Monuments
           still
           to
           be
           seen
           in
           
           Milton-Church
           ,
           till
           one
           of
           the
           Family
           having
           taken
           the
           wrong
           side
           ,
           in
           the
           Contests
           between
           the
           Houses
           of
           York
           and
           Lancaster
           ,
           was
           sequestred
           of
           all
           his
           Estate
           ,
           but
           what
           he
           held
           by
           his
           Wife
           .
           However
           ,
           certain
           it
           is
           ,
           that
           this
           Vocation
           he
           followed
           for
           many
           Years
           ,
           at
           his
           said
           House
           in
           Breadstreet
           ,
           with
           success
           suitable
           to
           his
           Industry
           ,
           and
           prudent
           conduct
           of
           his
           Affairs
           ;
           yet
           did
           he
           not
           so
           far
           quit
           his
           own
           Generous
           and
           Ingenious
           Inclinations
           ,
           as
           to
           make
           himself
           wholly
           a
           Slave
           to
           the
           World
           ;
           for
           he
           sometimes
           found
           vacant
           hours
           to
           the
           Study
           (
           which
           he
           made
           his
           recreation
           )
           of
           the
           Noble
           Science
           of
           Musick
           ,
           in
           which
           he
           advanc'd
           to
           that
           perfection
           ,
           that
           as
           I
           have
           been
           told
           ,
           and
           as
           I
           take
           it
           ,
           by
           our
           Author
           himself
           ,
           he
           Composed
           an
           
             In
             Nomine
          
           of
           Forty
           Parts
           :
           for
           which
           he
           
           was
           rewarded
           with
           a
           Gold
           Medal
           and
           Chain
           by
           a
           Polish
           Prince
           ,
           to
           whom
           he
           presented
           it
           .
           However
           ,
           this
           is
           a
           truth
           not
           to
           be
           denied
           ,
           that
           for
           several
           Songs
           of
           his
           Composition
           ,
           after
           the
           way
           of
           these
           times
           ,
           three
           or
           four
           of
           which
           are
           still
           to
           be
           seen
           in
           Old
           
           Wilby's
           set
           of
           Ayres
           ,
           besides
           some
           Compositions
           of
           his
           in
           Ravenscrofs
           Psalms
           ,
           he
           gained
           the
           Reputation
           of
           a
           considerable
           Master
           in
           this
           most
           charming
           of
           all
           the
           Liberal
           Sciences
           :
           Yet
           all
           this
           while
           ,
           he
           managed
           his
           Grand
           Affair
           of
           this
           World
           with
           such
           Prudence
           and
           Diligence
           ,
           that
           by
           the
           assistance
           of
           Divine
           Providence
           favouring
           his
           honest
           endeavours
           ,
           he
           gained
           a
           Competent
           Estate
           ,
           whereby
           he
           was
           enabled
           to
           make
           a
           handsom
           Provision
           both
           for
           the
           Education
           and
           Maintenance
           of
           his
           Children
           ;
           for
           three
           he
           had
           ,
           and
           no
           more
           ,
           all
           by
           one
           Wife
           ,
           Sarah
           ,
           of
           the
           Family
           of
           the
           Castons
           ,
           derived
           originally
           from
           Wales
           .
           A
           Woman
           of
           Incomparable
           Vertue
           and
           Goodness
           ;
           John
           the
           Eldest
           ,
           the
           Subject
           of
           our
           present
           Work.
           Christopher
           ,
           and
           an
           onely
           Daughter
           
             Ann
             ;
             Christopher
          
           being
           principally
           designed
           for
           the
           Study
           of
           the
           Common
           Law
           of
           England
           ,
           was
           Entered
           Young
           a
           Student
           of
           the
           Inner-Temple
           ,
           of
           which
           House
           he
           lived
           to
           be
           an
           Ancient
           Bencher
           ,
           and
           keeping
           close
           to
           that
           Study
           and
           Profession
           
           all
           his
           Life-time
           ,
           except
           in
           the
           time
           of
           the
           Civil
           Wars
           of
           England
           ;
           when
           being
           a
           great
           favourer
           and
           assertor
           of
           the
           King's
           Cause
           ,
           and
           Obnoxious
           to
           the
           Parliament's
           side
           ,
           by
           acting
           to
           his
           utmost
           power
           against
           them
           ,
           so
           long
           as
           he
           kept
           his
           Station
           at
           Reading
           ;
           and
           after
           that
           Town
           was
           taken
           by
           the
           Parliament
           Forces
           ,
           being
           forced
           to
           quit
           his
           House
           there
           ,
           he
           steer'd
           his
           course
           according
           to
           the
           Motion
           of
           the
           King's
           Army
           .
        
         
           But
           when
           the
           War
           was
           ended
           with
           Victory
           and
           Success
           to
           the
           Parliament
           Party
           ,
           by
           the
           Valour
           of
           General
           Fairfax
           ,
           and
           the
           Craft
           and
           Conduct
           of
           Cromwell
           ;
           and
           his
           composition
           made
           by
           the
           help
           of
           his
           Brother's
           Interest
           ,
           with
           the
           then
           prevailing
           Power
           ;
           he
           betook
           himself
           again
           to
           his
           former
           Study
           and
           Profession
           ,
           following
           Chamber-Practice
           every
           Term
           ,
           yet
           came
           to
           no
           Advancement
           in
           the
           World
           in
           a
           long
           time
           ,
           except
           some
           small
           Employ
           in
           the
           Town
           of
           Ipswich
           ,
           where
           (
           and
           near
           it
           )
           he
           lived
           all
           the
           latter
           time
           of
           his
           Life
           .
           For
           he
           was
           a
           person
           of
           a
           modest
           quiet
           temper
           ,
           preferring
           Justice
           and
           Vertue
           before
           all
           Worldly
           Pleasure
           or
           Grandeur
           :
           but
           in
           the
           beginning
           of
           the
           Reign
           of
           K.
           James
           the
           II.
           for
           his
           known
           Integrity
           and
           Ability
           in
           the
           Law
           ,
           he
           was
           by
           some
           Persons
           of
           Quality
           recommended
           to
           the
           
           King
           ,
           and
           at
           a
           Call
           of
           Serjeants
           received
           the
           Coif
           ,
           and
           the
           same
           day
           was
           Sworn
           one
           of
           the
           Barons
           of
           the
           Exchequer
           ,
           and
           soon
           after
           made
           one
           of
           the
           Judges
           of
           the
           Common
           Pleas
           ;
           but
           his
           Years
           and
           Indisposition
           not
           well
           brooking
           the
           Fatigue
           of
           publick
           Imployment
           ,
           he
           continued
           not
           long
           in
           either
           of
           these
           Stations
           ,
           but
           having
           his
           
             Quietus
             est
          
           ,
           retired
           to
           a
           Country
           Life
           ,
           his
           Study
           and
           Devotion
           .
           Ann
           ,
           the
           onely
           Daughter
           of
           the
           said
           
             John
             Milton
          
           the
           Elder
           ,
           had
           a
           considerable
           Dowry
           given
           her
           by
           her
           Father
           ,
           in
           Marriage
           with
           
             Edward
             Philips
          
           ,
           (
           the
           Son
           of
           
             Edward
             Philips
          
           of
           
             Shrewsbury
             ,
          
           )
           who
           coming
           up
           Young
           to
           Town
           ,
           was
           bred
           up
           in
           the
           Crown-Office
           in
           Chancery
           ,
           and
           at
           length
           came
           to
           be
           Secondary
           of
           the
           Office
           under
           Old
           Mr.
           Bembo
           ;
           by
           him
           she
           had
           ,
           besides
           other
           Children
           that
           dyed
           Infants
           ,
           two
           Sons
           yet
           surviving
           ,
           of
           whom
           more
           hereafter
           ;
           and
           by
           a
           second
           Husband
           ,
           Mr.
           
             Thomas
             Agar
          
           ,
           who
           (
           upon
           the
           Death
           of
           his
           Intimate
           Friend
           Mr.
           Philips
           )
           worthily
           Succeeded
           in
           the
           place
           ,
           which
           except
           some
           time
           of
           Exclusion
           before
           and
           during
           the
           Interregnum
           ,
           he
           held
           for
           many
           Years
           ,
           and
           left
           it
           to
           Mr.
           
             Thomas
             Milton
          
           (
           the
           Son
           of
           the
           aforementioned
           Sir
           Christopher
           )
           who
           at
           this
           day
           executes
           it
           with
           great
           Reputation
           and
           Ability
           .
           Two
           Daughters
           ,
           
           Mary
           who
           died
           very
           Young
           ,
           and
           Ann
           yet
           surviving
           .
        
         
           But
           to
           hasten
           back
           to
           our
           matter
           in
           hand
           ;
           John
           our
           Author
           ,
           who
           was
           destin'd
           to
           be
           the
           Ornament
           and
           Glory
           of
           his
           Countrey
           ,
           was
           sent
           ,
           together
           with
           his
           Brother
           ,
           to
           
           Paul's
           School
           ,
           whereof
           Dr.
           Gill
           the
           Elder
           was
           then
           Chief
           Master
           ;
           where
           he
           was
           enter'd
           into
           the
           first
           Rudiments
           of
           Learning
           ,
           and
           advanced
           therein
           with
           that
           admirable
           Success
           ,
           not
           more
           by
           the
           Discipline
           of
           the
           School
           and
           good
           Instructions
           of
           his
           Masters
           ,
           (
           for
           that
           he
           had
           another
           Master
           possibly
           at
           his
           Father's
           house
           ,
           appears
           by
           the
           Fourth
           Elegy
           of
           his
           Latin
           Poems
           written
           in
           his
           18th
           year
           ,
           to
           
             Thomas
             Young
          
           Pastor
           of
           the
           English
           Company
           of
           Merchants
           at
           Hamborough
           ,
           wherein
           he
           owns
           and
           stiles
           him
           his
           Master
           )
           than
           by
           his
           own
           happy
           Genius
           ,
           prompt
           Wit
           and
           Apprehension
           ,
           and
           insuperable
           Industry
           ;
           for
           he
           generally
           sate
           up
           half
           the
           Night
           ,
           as
           well
           in
           voluntary
           Improvements
           of
           his
           own
           choice
           ,
           as
           the
           exact
           perfecting
           of
           his
           School-Exercises
           :
           So
           that
           at
           the
           Age
           of
           15
           he
           was
           full
           ripe
           for
           Academick
           Learning
           ,
           and
           accordingly
           was
           sent
           to
           the
           University
           of
           Cambridge
           ;
           where
           in
           
             Christ's
             College
          
           ,
           under
           the
           Tuition
           of
           a
           very
           Eminent
           Learned
           man
           ,
           whose
           Name
           I
           cannot
           call
           to
           mind
           ,
           he
           
           Studied
           Seven
           years
           ,
           and
           took
           his
           Degree
           of
           Master
           of
           Arts
           ;
           and
           for
           the
           extraordinary
           Wit
           and
           Reading
           he
           had
           shown
           in
           his
           Performances
           to
           attain
           his
           Degree
           ,
           (
           some
           whereof
           spoken
           at
           a
           Vacation-Exercise
           in
           his
           19th
           .
           year
           of
           Age
           ,
           are
           to
           be
           yet
           seen
           in
           his
           Miscellaneous
           Poems
           )
           he
           was
           lov'd
           and
           admir'd
           by
           the
           whole
           University
           ,
           particularly
           by
           the
           Fellows
           and
           most
           Ingenious
           Persons
           of
           his
           House
           .
           Among
           the
           rest
           there
           was
           a
           Young
           Gentleman
           ,
           one
           Mr.
           King
           ,
           with
           whom
           ,
           for
           his
           great
           Learning
           and
           Parts
           he
           had
           contracted
           a
           particular
           Friendship
           and
           Intimacy
           ;
           whose
           death
           (
           for
           he
           was
           drown'd
           on
           the
           Irish
           Seas
           in
           his
           passage
           from
           Chester
           to
           Ireland
           )
           he
           bewails
           in
           that
           most
           excellent
           Monody
           in
           his
           forementioned
           Poems
           )
           Intituled
           Lycidas
           .
           Never
           was
           the
           loss
           of
           Friend
           so
           Elegantly
           lamented
           ;
           and
           among
           the
           rest
           of
           his
           Juvenile
           Poems
           ,
           some
           he
           wrote
           at
           the
           Age
           of
           15
           ,
           which
           contain
           a
           Poetical
           Genius
           scarce
           to
           be
           parallel'd
           by
           any
           English
           Writer
           .
           Soon
           after
           he
           had
           taken
           his
           Master's
           Degree
           ,
           he
           thought
           fit
           to
           leave
           the
           University
           :
           Not
           upon
           any
           disgust
           or
           discontent
           for
           want
           of
           Preferment
           ,
           as
           some
           Ill-willers
           have
           reported
           ;
           nor
           upon
           any
           cause
           whatsoever
           forc'd
           to
           flie
           ,
           as
           his
           Detractors
           maliciously
           feign
           ;
           but
           from
           which
           aspersion
           he
           sufficiently
           
           clears
           himself
           in
           his
           Second
           Answer
           to
           
             Alexander
             Morus
          
           ,
           the
           Author
           of
           a
           Book
           call'd
           ,
           
             Clamor
             Regii
             Sanguinis
             ad
             Caelum
          
           ,
           the
           chief
           of
           his
           Calumniators
           ;
           in
           which
           he
           plainly
           makes
           it
           out
           ,
           that
           after
           his
           leaving
           the
           University
           ,
           to
           the
           no
           small
           trouble
           of
           his
           Fellow-Collegiates
           ,
           who
           in
           general
           regretted
           his
           Absence
           ,
           he
           for
           the
           space
           of
           Five
           years
           lived
           for
           the
           most
           part
           with
           his
           Father
           and
           Mother
           at
           their
           house
           at
           Horton
           near
           Colebrook
           in
           Barkshire
           ;
           whither
           his
           Father
           ,
           having
           got
           an
           Estate
           to
           his
           content
           ,
           and
           left
           off
           all
           business
           ,
           was
           retir'd
           from
           the
           Cares
           and
           Fatigues
           of
           the
           world
           .
           After
           the
           said
           term
           of
           Five
           years
           ,
           his
           Mother
           then
           dying
           ,
           he
           was
           willing
           to
           add
           to
           his
           acquired
           Learning
           the
           observation
           of
           Foreign
           Customs
           ,
           Manners
           ,
           and
           Institutions
           ;
           and
           thereupon
           took
           a
           resolution
           to
           Travel
           ,
           more
           especially
           designing
           for
           Italy
           ;
           and
           accordingly
           ,
           with
           his
           Father's
           Consent
           and
           Assistance
           ,
           he
           put
           himself
           into
           an
           Equipage
           suitable
           to
           such
           a
           Design
           ;
           and
           so
           intending
           to
           go
           by
           the
           way
           of
           France
           ,
           he
           set
           out
           for
           Paris
           accompanied
           onely
           with
           one
           Man
           ,
           who
           attended
           him
           through
           all
           his
           Travels
           ;
           for
           his
           Prudence
           was
           his
           Guide
           ,
           and
           his
           Learning
           his
           Introduction
           and
           Presentation
           to
           Persons
           of
           most
           Eminent
           Quality
           .
           However
           ,
           he
           had
           also
           a
           most
           Civil
           and
           Obliging
           
           Letter
           of
           Direction
           and
           Advice
           from
           Sir
           
             Henry
             Wootton
          
           then
           Provost
           of
           Eaton
           ,
           and
           formerly
           Resident
           Embassador
           from
           King
           James
           the
           First
           to
           the
           State
           of
           Venice
           ;
           which
           Letter
           is
           to
           be
           seen
           in
           the
           First
           Edition
           of
           his
           Miscellaneous
           Poems
           .
           At
           Paris
           being
           Recommended
           by
           the
           said
           Sir
           Henry
           and
           other
           Persons
           of
           Quality
           ,
           he
           went
           first
           to
           wait
           upon
           my
           Lord
           Scudamore
           ,
           then
           Embassador
           in
           France
           from
           King
           Charles
           the
           First
           .
           My
           Lord
           receiv'd
           him
           with
           wonderful
           Civility
           ;
           and
           understanding
           he
           had
           a
           desire
           to
           make
           a
           Visit
           to
           the
           great
           
             Hugo
             Grotius
          
           ,
           he
           sent
           several
           of
           his
           Attendants
           to
           wait
           upon
           him
           ,
           and
           to
           present
           him
           in
           his
           Name
           to
           that
           Renowned
           Doctor
           and
           Statesman
           ,
           who
           was
           at
           that
           time
           Embassador
           from
           Christina
           Queen
           of
           Sweden
           ,
           to
           the
           French
           King.
           Grotius
           took
           the
           Visit
           kindly
           ,
           and
           gave
           him
           Entertainment
           suitable
           to
           his
           Worth
           ,
           and
           the
           high
           Commendations
           he
           had
           heard
           of
           him
           .
           After
           a
           few
           days
           ,
           not
           intending
           to
           make
           the
           usual
           Tour
           of
           France
           ,
           he
           took
           his
           leave
           of
           my
           Lord
           ,
           who
           at
           his
           departure
           from
           Paris
           ,
           gave
           him
           Letters
           to
           the
           English
           Merchants
           residing
           in
           any
           part
           through
           which
           he
           was
           to
           Travel
           ,
           in
           which
           they
           were
           requested
           to
           shew
           him
           all
           the
           Kindness
           ,
           and
           do
           him
           all
           the
           Good
           Offices
           that
           lay
           in
           their
           Power
           .
        
         
         
           From
           Paris
           he
           hastened
           on
           his
           Journey
           to
           Nicaea
           ,
           where
           he
           took
           Shipping
           ,
           and
           in
           a
           short
           space
           arrived
           at
           Genoa
           ;
           from
           whence
           he
           went
           to
           Leghorn
           ,
           thence
           to
           Pisa
           ,
           and
           so
           to
           Florence
           :
           In
           this
           City
           he
           met
           with
           many
           charming
           Objects
           ,
           which
           Invited
           him
           to
           stay
           a
           longer
           time
           then
           he
           intended
           ;
           the
           pleasant
           Scituation
           of
           the
           Place
           ,
           the
           Nobleness
           of
           the
           Structures
           ,
           the
           exact
           Humanity
           and
           Civility
           of
           the
           Inhabitants
           ,
           the
           more
           Polite
           and
           Refined
           sort
           of
           Language
           there
           ,
           than
           elsewhere
           .
           During
           the
           time
           of
           his
           stay
           here
           ,
           which
           was
           about
           Two
           Months
           ,
           he
           Visited
           all
           the
           private
           Academies
           of
           the
           City
           ,
           which
           are
           Places
           establish'd
           for
           the
           improvement
           of
           Wit
           and
           Learning
           ,
           and
           maintained
           a
           Correspondence
           and
           perpetual
           Friendship
           among
           Gentlemen
           fitly
           qualified
           for
           such
           an
           Institution
           :
           and
           such
           sort
           of
           Academies
           there
           are
           in
           all
           or
           most
           of
           the
           most
           noted
           Cities
           in
           Italy
           .
           Visiting
           these
           Places
           ,
           he
           was
           soon
           taken
           notice
           of
           by
           the
           most
           Learned
           and
           Ingenious
           of
           the
           Nobility
           ,
           and
           the
           Grand
           Wits
           of
           Florence
           ,
           who
           caress'd
           him
           with
           all
           the
           Honours
           and
           Civilities
           imaginable
           ,
           particularly
           
             Jacobo
             Gaddi
             ,
             Carolo
             Dati
             ,
             Antonio
             Francini
             ,
             Frescobaldo
             ,
             Cultelino
             ,
             Banmatthei
          
           and
           Clementillo
           :
           Whereof
           Gaddi
           hath
           a
           large
           Elegant
           
             Italian
             Canzonet
          
           in
           his
           Praise
           :
           
           Dati
           ,
           a
           Latin
           Epistle
           ;
           both
           Printed
           before
           his
           Latin
           Poems
           ,
           together
           with
           a
           Latin
           Distich
           of
           the
           Marquess
           of
           Villa
           ,
           and
           another
           of
           Selvaggi
           ,
           and
           a
           Latin
           Tetrastick
           of
           
             Giovanni
             Salsilli
          
           a
           Roman
           .
        
         
           From
           Florence
           he
           took
           his
           Journey
           to
           Siena
           ,
           from
           thence
           to
           Rome
           ;
           where
           he
           was
           detain'd
           much
           about
           the
           same
           time
           he
           had
           been
           at
           Florence
           ;
           as
           well
           by
           his
           desire
           of
           seeing
           all
           the
           Rarities
           and
           Antiquities
           of
           that
           most
           Glorious
           and
           Renowned
           City
           ,
           as
           by
           the
           Conversation
           of
           
             Lucas
             Holstenius
          
           ,
           and
           other
           Learned
           and
           Ingenious
           men
           ;
           who
           highly
           valued
           his
           Acquaintance
           ,
           and
           treated
           him
           with
           all
           possible
           Respect
           .
        
         
           From
           Rome
           he
           Travelled
           to
           Naples
           ,
           where
           he
           was
           introduced
           by
           a
           certain
           Hermite
           ,
           who
           accompanied
           him
           in
           his
           Journey
           from
           Rome
           thither
           ,
           into
           the
           Knowledge
           of
           
             Giovanni
             Baptista
             Manso
          
           ,
           Marquess
           of
           Villa
           ,
           a
           Neapolitan
           by
           Birth
           ,
           a
           Person
           of
           high
           Nobility
           ,
           Vertue
           ,
           and
           Honour
           ,
           to
           whom
           the
           famous
           Italian
           Poet
           ,
           
             Torquato
             Tasso
          
           ,
           Wrote
           his
           Treatise
           
             de
             Amicitia
          
           ;
           and
           moreover
           mentions
           him
           with
           great
           Honour
           in
           that
           Illustrious
           Poem
           of
           his
           ,
           Intituled
           ,
           
             Gieruemme
             Liberata
          
           :
           This
           Noble
           Marquess
           received
           him
           with
           extraordinary
           Respect
           and
           Civility
           ,
           and
           went
           with
           him
           himself
           to
           give
           him
           a
           sight
           of
           all
           that
           was
           of
           Note
           
           and
           Remark
           in
           the
           City
           ,
           particularly
           the
           Viceroys
           Palace
           ,
           and
           was
           often
           in
           Person
           to
           Visit
           him
           at
           his
           Lodging
           .
           Moreover
           ,
           this
           Noble
           Marquess
           honoured
           him
           so
           far
           ,
           as
           to
           make
           a
           Latin
           Distich
           in
           his
           Praise
           ,
           as
           hath
           been
           already
           mentiontd
           ;
           which
           being
           no
           less
           pithy
           then
           short
           ,
           though
           already
           in
           Print
           ,
           it
           will
           not
           be
           unworth
           the
           while
           here
           to
           repeat
           .
        
         
           Vt
           Mens
           ,
           Forma
           ,
           Decor
           ,
           Facies
           ,
           si
           *
           Pietas
           ,
           sic
           ,
        
         
           Non
           Anglus
           Verum
           Hercle
           Angelus
           ipse
           foret
           .
        
         
           In
           return
           of
           this
           Honour
           ,
           and
           in
           gratitude
           for
           the
           many
           Favours
           and
           Civilities
           received
           of
           him
           ,
           he
           presented
           him
           at
           his
           departure
           with
           a
           large
           Latin
           Eclogue
           ,
           Intituled
           ,
           Mansus
           ,
           afterward's
           Published
           among
           his
           Latin
           Poems
           .
           The
           Marquess
           at
           his
           taking
           leave
           of
           him
           gave
           him
           this
           Complement
           ,
           That
           he
           would
           have
           done
           him
           many
           more
           Offices
           of
           Kindness
           and
           Civility
           ,
           but
           was
           therefore
           rendered
           incapable
           in
           regard
           he
           had
           been
           over-liberal
           in
           his
           speech
           against
           the
           Religion
           of
           the
           Country
           .
        
         
         
           He
           had
           entertain'd
           some
           thoughts
           of
           passing
           over
           into
           Sicily
           and
           Greece
           ,
           but
           was
           diverted
           by
           the
           News
           he
           receiv'd
           from
           England
           ,
           that
           Affairs
           there
           were
           tending
           towards
           a
           Civil
           War
           ;
           thinking
           it
           a
           thing
           unworthy
           in
           him
           to
           be
           taking
           his
           Pleasure
           in
           Foreign
           Parts
           ,
           while
           his
           Countreymen
           at
           home
           were
           Fighting
           for
           their
           Liberty
           :
           But
           first
           resolv'd
           to
           see
           Rome
           once
           more
           ;
           and
           though
           the
           Merchants
           gave
           him
           a
           caution
           that
           the
           Jesuits
           were
           hatching
           designs
           against
           him
           ,
           in
           case
           he
           should
           return
           thither
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           freedom
           he
           took
           in
           all
           his
           discourses
           of
           Religion
           ;
           nevertheless
           he
           ventured
           to
           prosecute
           his
           Resolution
           ,
           and
           to
           Rome
           the
           second
           time
           he
           went
           ,
           determining
           with
           himself
           not
           industriously
           to
           begin
           to
           fall
           into
           any
           Discourse
           about
           Religion
           ;
           but
           ,
           being
           ask'd
           ,
           not
           to
           deny
           or
           endeavour
           to
           conceal
           his
           own
           Sentiments
           ;
           Two
           Months
           he
           staid
           at
           Rome
           ;
           and
           in
           all
           that
           time
           never
           flinch'd
           ,
           but
           was
           ready
           to
           defend
           the
           Orthodox
           Faith
           against
           all
           Opposers
           ;
           and
           so
           well
           he
           succeeded
           therein
           ,
           that
           Good
           Providence
           guarding
           him
           ,
           he
           went
           safe
           from
           Rome
           back
           to
           Florence
           ,
           where
           his
           return
           to
           his
           Friends
           of
           that
           City
           was
           welcomed
           with
           as
           much
           Joy
           and
           Affection
           ,
           as
           had
           it
           been
           to
           his
           Friends
           and
           Relations
           in
           his
           own
           Countrey
           ,
           he
           could
           not
           
           have
           come
           a
           more
           joyful
           and
           welcome
           Guest
           .
           Here
           ,
           having
           staid
           as
           long
           as
           at
           his
           strfi
           coming
           ,
           excepting
           an
           excursion
           of
           a
           few
           days
           to
           Luca
           ,
           crossing
           the
           Apennine
           ,
           and
           passing
           through
           Bononia
           and
           Ferrara
           ,
           he
           arriv'd
           at
           Venice
           ,
           where
           when
           he
           had
           spent
           a
           Month's
           time
           in
           viewing
           of
           that
           Stately
           City
           ,
           and
           Shipp'd
           up
           a
           Parcel
           of
           curious
           and
           rare
           Books
           which
           he
           had
           pick'd
           up
           in
           his
           Travels
           ;
           particularly
           a
           Chest
           or
           two
           of
           choice
           Musick-books
           of
           the
           best
           Masters
           flourishing
           about
           that
           time
           in
           Italy
           ,
           namely
           ,
           
             Luca
             Marenzo
             ,
             Monte
             Verde
             ,
             Horatio
             Vecchi
             ,
             Cifa
             ,
          
           the
           Prince
           of
           Venosa
           and
           several
           others
           ,
           he
           took
           his
           course
           through
           
             Verona
             ,
             Milan
          
           ,
           and
           the
           
             Poenine
             Alps
          
           ,
           and
           so
           by
           the
           Lake
           Leman
           to
           Geneva
           ,
           where
           he
           staid
           for
           some
           time
           ,
           and
           had
           daily
           converse
           with
           the
           most
           Learned
           
             Giovanni
             Deodati
          
           ,
           Theology-Professor
           in
           that
           City
           ,
           and
           so
           returning
           through
           France
           ,
           by
           the
           same
           way
           he
           had
           passed
           it
           going
           to
           Italy
           ,
           he
           ,
           after
           a
           Peregrination
           of
           one
           compleat
           Year
           and
           about
           Three
           Months
           ,
           arrived
           safe
           in
           England
           ,
           about
           the
           time
           of
           the
           Kings
           making
           his
           second
           Expedition
           against
           the
           Scots
           .
           Soon
           after
           his
           return
           ,
           and
           visits
           paid
           to
           his
           Father
           and
           other
           Friends
           ,
           he
           took
           him
           a
           Lodging
           in
           S.
           Brides
           Church-yard
           ,
           at
           the
           House
           of
           one
           Russel
           a
           Taylor
           ,
           where
           
           he
           first
           undertook
           the
           Education
           and
           Instruction
           of
           his
           Sister
           's
           two
           Sons
           ,
           the
           Younger
           whereof
           had
           been
           wholly
           committed
           to
           his
           Charge
           and
           Care.
           And
           here
           by
           the
           way
           ,
           I
           judge
           it
           not
           impertinent
           to
           mention
           the
           many
           Authors
           both
           of
           the
           Latin
           and
           Greek
           ,
           which
           through
           his
           excellent
           judgment
           and
           way
           of
           Teaching
           ,
           far
           above
           the
           Pedantry
           of
           common
           publick
           Schools
           (
           where
           such
           Authors
           are
           scarce
           ever
           heard
           of
           )
           were
           run
           over
           within
           no
           greater
           compass
           of
           time
           ,
           then
           from
           Ten
           to
           Fifteen
           or
           Sixteen
           Years
           of
           Age.
           Of
           the
           Latin
           the
           four
           Grand
           Authors
           ,
           
             De
             Re
             Rustica
             ,
             Cato
             ,
             Varro
             ,
             Columella
             ,
          
           and
           
             Palladius
             ;
             Cornelius
             Celsus
          
           ,
           an
           Ancient
           Physician
           of
           the
           Romans
           ;
           a
           great
           part
           of
           Pliny's
           Natural
           History
           ,
           Vitruvius
           his
           Architecture
           ,
           Frontinus
           his
           Stratagems
           ,
           with
           the
           two
           Egregious
           Poets
           ,
           Lucretius
           ,
           and
           Manilius
           .
           Of
           the
           Greek
           ;
           Hesiod
           ,
           a
           Poet
           equal
           with
           
             Homer
             ;
             Aratus
          
           his
           Phaenomena
           ,
           and
           
             Diosemeia
             ,
             Dionysius
             Afer
             de
             situ
             Orbis
             ,
             Oppian's
             Cynegeticks
             &
             Halieuticks
             .
             Quintus
             Calaber
          
           his
           Poem
           of
           the
           Trojan
           War
           ,
           continued
           from
           
             Homer
             ;
             Apollonius
             ,
             Rhodius
          
           his
           Argonuticks
           ,
           and
           in
           Prose
           ,
           
           Plutarch's
           
             Placita
             Philosophorum
             &
          
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           
           Geminus's
           Astronomy
           ;
           
           Xenophon's
           
             Cyri
             Institutio
             &
             Anabasis
             ,
             Aelians
             Tacticks
             ,
          
           and
           Polyaenus
           his
           Warlike
           Stratagems
           ;
           
           thus
           by
           teaching
           he
           in
           some
           measure
           increased
           his
           own
           knowledge
           ,
           having
           the
           reading
           of
           all
           these
           Authors
           as
           it
           were
           by
           Proxy
           ;
           and
           all
           this
           might
           possibly
           have
           conduced
           to
           the
           preserving
           of
           his
           Eye-sight
           ,
           had
           he
           not
           ,
           moreover
           ,
           been
           perpetually
           busied
           in
           his
           own
           Laborious
           Undertakings
           of
           the
           Book
           or
           Pen.
           Nor
           did
           the
           time
           thus
           Studiously
           imployed
           in
           conquering
           the
           Greek
           and
           Latin
           Tongues
           ,
           hinder
           the
           attaining
           to
           the
           chief
           Oriental
           Languages
           ,
           viz.
           The
           
             Hebrew
             ,
             Caldee
          
           and
           Syriac
           ,
           so
           far
           as
           to
           go
           through
           the
           Pentateuch
           ,
           or
           Five
           Books
           of
           Moses
           in
           Hebrew
           ,
           to
           make
           a
           good
           entrance
           into
           the
           Targum
           or
           Chaldee
           Paraphrase
           ,
           and
           to
           understand
           several
           Chapters
           of
           St.
           Matthew
           in
           the
           Syriac
           Testament
           ,
           besides
           an
           Introduction
           into
           several
           Arts
           and
           Sciences
           ,
           by
           Reading
           Vrstisius
           his
           Arithmetick
           ,
           Riffs
           Geometry
           ,
           Petiscus
           his
           Trigonometry
           ,
           
             Joannes
             de
             Sacro
             Bosco
             de
             Sphaera
          
           ;
           and
           into
           the
           Italian
           and
           French
           Tongues
           ,
           by
           reading
           in
           
             Italian
             ,
             Giovan
             Villani's
          
           History
           of
           the
           Transactions
           between
           several
           petty
           States
           of
           Italy
           ;
           and
           in
           French
           a
           great
           part
           of
           
             Pierre
             Davity
          
           ,
           the
           famous
           Geographer
           of
           France
           in
           his
           time
           .
           The
           
           Sunday's
           work
           was
           for
           the
           most
           part
           the
           Reading
           each
           day
           a
           Chapter
           of
           the
           Greek
           Testament
           ,
           and
           hearing
           his
           Learned
           Exposition
           
           upon
           the
           same
           ,
           (
           and
           how
           this
           savoured
           of
           Atheism
           in
           him
           ,
           I
           leave
           to
           the
           courteous
           Backbiter
           to
           judge
           )
           .
           The
           next
           work
           after
           this
           ,
           was
           the
           writing
           from
           his
           own
           dictation
           ,
           some
           part
           ,
           from
           time
           to
           time
           ,
           of
           a
           Tractate
           which
           he
           thought
           fit
           to
           collect
           from
           the
           ablest
           of
           Divines
           ,
           who
           had
           written
           of
           that
           Subject
           ;
           
             Amesius
             ,
             Wollebius
          
           ,
           &c.
           viz.
           A
           perfect
           System
           of
           Divinity
           ,
           of
           which
           more
           hereafter
           .
           Now
           persons
           so
           far
           Manuducted
           into
           the
           highest
           paths
           of
           Literature
           both
           Divine
           and
           Human
           ,
           had
           they
           received
           his
           documents
           with
           the
           same
           Acuteness
           of
           Wit
           and
           Apprehension
           ,
           the
           same
           Industry
           ,
           Alacrity
           ,
           and
           Thirst
           after
           Knowledge
           ,
           as
           the
           Instructer
           was
           indued
           with
           ,
           what
           Prodigies
           of
           Wit
           and
           Learning
           might
           they
           have
           proved
           !
           the
           Scholars
           might
           in
           some
           degree
           have
           come
           near
           to
           the
           equalling
           of
           the
           Master
           ,
           or
           at
           least
           have
           in
           some
           sort
           made
           good
           what
           he
           seems
           to
           predict
           in
           the
           close
           of
           an
           Elegy
           he
           made
           in
           the
           Seventeenth
           Year
           of
           his
           Age
           ,
           upon
           the
           Death
           of
           one
           of
           his
           Sister's
           Children
           (
           a
           Daughter
           )
           who
           died
           in
           her
           Infancy
           .
        
         
         
           Then
           thou
           the
           Mother
           of
           so
           sweet
           a
           Child
           ,
        
         
           Her
           false
           Imagin'd
           Loss
           cease
           to
           Lament
           ,
        
         
           And
           Wisely
           learn
           to
           curb
           thy
           Sorrows
           Wild
           ;
        
         
           This
           if
           thou
           do
           ,
           he
           will
           an
           Offspring
           give
           ,
        
         
           That
           to
           the
           Worlds
           last
           end
           ,
           shall
           make
           thy
           Name
           to
           live
           .
        
         
           But
           to
           return
           to
           the
           Thread
           of
           our
           Discourse
           ;
           he
           made
           no
           long
           stay
           in
           his
           Lodgings
           in
           St.
           Brides
           Church-yard
           ;
           necessity
           of
           having
           a
           place
           to
           dispose
           his
           Books
           in
           ,
           and
           other
           Goods
           fit
           for
           the
           furnishing
           of
           a
           good
           handsome
           House
           ,
           hastning
           him
           to
           take
           one
           ;
           and
           accordingly
           a
           pretty
           Garden-House
           he
           took
           in
           
           Aldersgate-Street
           ,
           at
           the
           end
           of
           an
           Entry
           ;
           and
           therefore
           the
           fitter
           for
           his
           turn
           ,
           by
           the
           reason
           of
           the
           Privacy
           ,
           besides
           that
           there
           are
           few
           Streets
           in
           London
           more
           free
           from
           Noise
           then
           that
           .
        
         
           Here
           first
           it
           was
           that
           his
           Academick
           Erudition
           was
           put
           in
           practice
           ,
           and
           Vigorously
           proceeded
           ,
           he
           himself
           giving
           an
           Example
           to
           those
           under
           him
           ,
           (
           for
           it
           was
           not
           long
           after
           his
           taking
           this
           House
           ,
           e're
           his
           Elder
           Nephew
           was
           put
           to
           Board
           with
           him
           also
           )
           of
           hard
           Study
           ,
           and
           spare
           Diet
           ;
           only
           this
           advantage
           he
           had
           ,
           that
           once
           in
           three
           Weeks
           or
           a
           Month
           ,
           he
           would
           drop
           into
           the
           Society
           of
           some
           Young
           Sparks
           of
           his
           Acquaintance
           ,
           the
           chief
           whereof
           
           were
           Mr.
           Alphry
           ,
           and
           Mr.
           Miller
           ,
           two
           Gentlemen
           of
           
           Gray's-Inn
           ,
           the
           
           Beau's
           of
           those
           Times
           ,
           but
           nothing
           near
           so
           bad
           as
           those
           now-a-days
           ;
           with
           these
           Gentlemen
           he
           would
           so
           far
           make
           bold
           with
           his
           Body
           ,
           as
           now
           and
           then
           to
           keep
           a
           Gawdy
           day
           .
        
         
           In
           this
           House
           he
           continued
           several
           Years
           ,
           in
           the
           one
           or
           two
           first
           whereof
           ,
           he
           set
           out
           several
           Treatises
           ,
           viz.
           That
           of
           Reformation
           ;
           that
           against
           
             Prelatical
             Episcopacy
          
           ;
           The
           
             Reason
             of
             Church-Government
          
           ;
           The
           
             Defence
             of
             Smectimnuus
          
           ,
           at
           least
           the
           greatest
           part
           of
           them
           ,
           but
           as
           I
           take
           it
           ,
           all
           ;
           and
           some
           time
           after
           ,
           one
           Sheet
           of
           Education
           ,
           which
           he
           Dedicated
           to
           Mr.
           
             Samuel
             Hartlib
          
           ,
           he
           that
           wrote
           so
           much
           of
           Husbandry
           ;
           this
           Sheet
           is
           Printed
           at
           the
           end
           of
           the
           Second
           Edition
           of
           his
           Poems
           ;
           and
           lastly
           ,
           Areopagitica
           .
           During
           the
           time
           also
           of
           his
           continuance
           in
           this
           House
           ,
           there
           fell
           out
           several
           Occasions
           of
           the
           Increasing
           of
           his
           Family
           .
           His
           Father
           ,
           who
           till
           the
           taking
           of
           Reading
           by
           the
           Earl
           of
           Essex
           his
           Forces
           ,
           had
           lived
           with
           his
           other
           Son
           at
           his
           House
           there
           ,
           was
           upon
           that
           Son's
           dissettlement
           necessitated
           to
           betake
           himself
           to
           this
           his
           Eldest
           Son
           ,
           with
           whom
           he
           lived
           for
           some
           Years
           ,
           even
           to
           his
           Dying
           Day
           .
           In
           the
           next
           place
           he
           had
           an
           Addition
           of
           some
           Scholars
           ;
           to
           which
           may
           be
           added
           ,
           his
           
           entring
           into
           Matrimony
           ;
           but
           he
           had
           his
           Wife's
           company
           so
           small
           a
           time
           ,
           that
           he
           may
           well
           be
           said
           to
           have
           become
           a
           single
           man
           again
           soon
           after
           .
           About
           Whitsuntide
           it
           was
           ,
           or
           a
           little
           after
           ,
           that
           he
           took
           a
           Journey
           into
           the
           Country
           ;
           no
           body
           about
           him
           certainly
           knowing
           the
           Reason
           ,
           or
           that
           it
           was
           any
           more
           than
           a
           Journey
           of
           Recreation
           :
           after
           a
           Month's
           stay
           ,
           home
           he
           returns
           a
           Married-man
           ,
           that
           went
           out
           a
           Batchelor
           ;
           his
           Wife
           being
           Mary
           the
           Eldest
           Daughter
           of
           Mr.
           
             Richard
             Powell
          
           ,
           then
           a
           Justice
           of
           Peace
           ,
           of
           Forresthil
           ,
           near
           Shotover
           in
           Oxfordshire
           ;
           some
           few
           of
           her
           nearest
           Relations
           accompanying
           the
           Bride
           to
           her
           new
           Habitation
           ;
           which
           by
           reason
           the
           Father
           nor
           any
           body
           else
           were
           yet
           come
           ,
           was
           able
           to
           receive
           them
           ;
           where
           the
           Feasting
           held
           for
           some
           days
           in
           Celebration
           of
           the
           Nuptials
           ,
           and
           for
           entertainment
           of
           the
           Bride's
           Friends
           .
           At
           length
           they
           took
           their
           leave
           ,
           and
           returning
           to
           Forresthill
           ,
           left
           the
           Sister
           behind
           ;
           probably
           not
           much
           to
           her
           satisfaction
           ;
           as
           appeared
           by
           the
           Sequel
           ;
           by
           that
           time
           she
           had
           for
           a
           Month
           or
           thereabout
           led
           a
           Philosophical
           Life
           ,
           (
           after
           having
           been
           used
           to
           a
           great
           House
           ,
           and
           much
           Company
           and
           Joviality
           )
           Her
           Friends
           ,
           possibly
           incited
           by
           her
           own
           desire
           ,
           made
           earnest
           suit
           by
           Letter
           ,
           to
           have
           her
           Company
           
           the
           remaining
           part
           of
           the
           Summer
           ,
           which
           was
           granted
           ,
           on
           condition
           of
           her
           return
           at
           the
           time
           appointed
           ,
           Michalemas
           ,
           or
           thereabout
           :
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           came
           his
           Father
           ,
           and
           some
           of
           the
           foremention'd
           Disciples
           .
           And
           now
           the
           Studies
           went
           on
           with
           so
           much
           the
           more
           Vigour
           ,
           as
           there
           were
           more
           Hands
           and
           Heads
           employ'd
           ;
           the
           Old
           Gentleman
           living
           wholly
           retired
           to
           his
           Rest
           and
           Devotion
           ,
           without
           the
           least
           trouble
           imaginable
           :
           Our
           Author
           ,
           now
           as
           it
           were
           a
           single
           man
           again
           ,
           made
           it
           his
           chief
           diversion
           now
           and
           then
           in
           an
           Evening
           to
           visit
           the
           Lady
           
             Margaret
             Lee
          
           ,
           Daughter
           to
           the
           —
           Lee
           ,
           Earl
           of
           Marlborough
           ,
           Lord
           High
           Treasurer
           of
           England
           ,
           and
           President
           of
           the
           Privy
           Councel
           to
           King
           James
           the
           First
           .
           This
           Lady
           being
           a
           Woman
           of
           great
           Wit
           and
           Ingenuity
           ,
           had
           a
           particular
           Honour
           for
           him
           ,
           and
           took
           much
           delight
           in
           his
           Company
           ,
           as
           likewise
           her
           Husband
           Captain
           Hobson
           ,
           a
           very
           Accomplish'd
           Gentleman
           ;
           and
           what
           Esteem
           he
           at
           the
           same
           time
           had
           for
           Her
           ,
           appears
           by
           a
           Sonnet
           he
           made
           in
           praise
           of
           her
           ,
           to
           be
           seen
           among
           his
           other
           Sonnets
           in
           his
           Extant
           Poems
           .
           Michalemas
           being
           come
           ,
           and
           no
           news
           of
           his
           Wife's
           return
           ,
           he
           sent
           for
           her
           by
           Letter
           ,
           and
           receiving
           no
           answer
           ,
           sent
           several
           other
           Letters
           ,
           which
           were
           also
           unanswered
           ;
           so
           
           that
           at
           last
           he
           dispatch'd
           down
           a
           Foot-Messenger
           with
           a
           Letter
           ,
           desiring
           her
           return
           ;
           but
           the
           Messenger
           came
           back
           not
           only
           without
           an
           answer
           ,
           at
           least
           a
           satisfactory
           one
           ,
           but
           to
           the
           best
           of
           my
           remembrance
           ,
           reported
           that
           he
           was
           dismissed
           with
           some
           sort
           of
           Contempt
           ;
           this
           proceeding
           ,
           in
           all
           probability
           ,
           was
           grounded
           upon
           no
           other
           Cause
           but
           this
           ,
           namely
           ,
           That
           the
           Family
           being
           generally
           addicted
           to
           the
           Cavalier
           Party
           ,
           as
           they
           called
           it
           ,
           and
           some
           of
           them
           possibly
           ingaged
           in
           the
           King's
           Service
           ,
           who
           by
           this
           time
           had
           his
           Head
           Quarters
           at
           Oxford
           ,
           and
           was
           in
           some
           Prospect
           of
           Success
           ,
           they
           began
           to
           repent
           them
           of
           having
           Matched
           the
           Eldest
           Daughter
           of
           the
           Family
           to
           a
           Person
           so
           contrary
           to
           them
           in
           Opinion
           ;
           and
           thought
           it
           would
           be
           a
           blot
           in
           their
           Escutcheon
           ,
           when
           ever
           that
           Court
           should
           come
           to
           Flourish
           again
           ;
           however
           ,
           it
           so
           incensed
           our
           Author
           ,
           that
           he
           thought
           it
           would
           be
           dishonourable
           ever
           to
           receive
           her
           again
           ,
           after
           such
           a
           repulse
           ;
           so
           that
           he
           forthwith
           prepared
           to
           Fortify
           himself
           with
           Arguments
           for
           such
           a
           Resolution
           ,
           and
           accordingly
           wrote
           two
           Treatises
           ,
           by
           which
           he
           undertook
           to
           maintain
           .
           That
           it
           was
           against
           Reason
           (
           and
           the
           enjoynment
           of
           it
           not
           proveable
           by
           Scripture
           )
           for
           any
           Married
           Couple
           disagreeable
           
           in
           Humour
           and
           Temper
           ,
           or
           having
           an
           aversion
           to
           each
           ,
           to
           be
           forc'd
           to
           live
           yok'd
           together
           all
           their
           Days
           .
           The
           first
           was
           ,
           His
           Doctrine
           and
           Discipline
           of
           Divorce
           ;
           of
           which
           there
           was
           Printed
           a
           Second
           Edition
           ,
           with
           some
           Additions
           .
           The
           other
           in
           prosecution
           of
           the
           first
           ,
           was
           styled
           ,
           Tetrachordon
           .
           Then
           the
           better
           to
           confirm
           his
           own
           Opinion
           ,
           by
           the
           attestation
           of
           others
           ,
           he
           set
           out
           a
           Piece
           called
           the
           Judgement
           of
           
             Martin
             Bucer
          
           ,
           a
           Protestant
           Minister
           ,
           being
           a
           Translation
           ,
           out
           of
           that
           Reverend
           Divine
           ,
           of
           some
           part
           of
           his
           Works
           ,
           exactly
           agreeing
           with
           him
           in
           Sentiment
           .
           Lastly
           ,
           he
           wrote
           in
           answer
           to
           a
           Pragmatical
           Clerk
           ,
           who
           would
           needs
           give
           himself
           the
           Honour
           of
           Writing
           against
           so
           great
           a
           Man
           ,
           His
           Colasterion
           or
           Rod
           of
           Correction
           for
           a
           Sawcy
           Impertinent
           .
           Not
           very
           long
           after
           the
           setting
           forth
           of
           these
           Treatises
           ,
           having
           application
           made
           to
           him
           by
           several
           Gentlemen
           of
           his
           acquaintance
           ,
           for
           the
           Education
           of
           their
           Sons
           ,
           as
           understanding
           haply
           the
           Progress
           he
           had
           infixed
           by
           his
           first
           undertakings
           of
           that
           nature
           ,
           he
           laid
           out
           for
           a
           larger
           House
           ,
           and
           soon
           found
           it
           out
           ;
           but
           in
           the
           interim
           before
           he
           removed
           ,
           there
           fell
           out
           a
           passage
           ,
           which
           though
           it
           altered
           not
           the
           whole
           Course
           he
           was
           going
           to
           Steer
           ,
           yet
           it
           put
           a
           
           stop
           or
           rather
           an
           end
           to
           a
           grand
           Affair
           ,
           which
           was
           more
           than
           probably
           thought
           to
           be
           then
           in
           agitation
           :
           It
           was
           indeed
           a
           design
           of
           Marrying
           one
           of
           Dr.
           
           Davis's
           Daughters
           ,
           a
           very
           Handsome
           and
           Witty
           Gentlewoman
           ,
           but
           averse
           as
           it
           is
           said
           to
           this
           Motion
           ;
           however
           ,
           the
           Intelligence
           hereof
           ,
           and
           the
           then
           declining
           State
           of
           the
           King's
           Cause
           ,
           and
           consequently
           of
           the
           Circumstances
           of
           Justice
           
           Powell's
           Family
           ,
           caused
           them
           to
           set
           all
           Engines
           on
           Work
           ,
           to
           restore
           the
           late
           Married
           Woman
           to
           the
           Station
           wherein
           they
           a
           little
           before
           had
           planted
           her
           ;
           at
           last
           this
           device
           was
           pitch'd
           upon
           .
           There
           dwelt
           in
           the
           Lane
           of
           St.
           Martins-L-Grand
           ,
           which
           was
           hard
           by
           ,
           a
           Relation
           of
           our
           Author's
           ,
           one
           Blackborough
           ,
           whom
           it
           was
           known
           he
           often
           visited
           ,
           and
           upon
           this
           occasion
           the
           visits
           were
           the
           more
           narrowly
           observ'd
           ,
           and
           possibly
           there
           might
           be
           a
           Combination
           between
           both
           Parties
           ;
           the
           Friends
           on
           both
           sides
           concentring
           in
           the
           same
           action
           though
           on
           different
           behalfs
           .
           One
           time
           above
           the
           rest
           ,
           he
           making
           his
           usual
           visit
           ,
           the
           Wife
           was
           ready
           in
           another
           Room
           ,
           and
           on
           a
           sudden
           he
           was
           surprised
           to
           see
           one
           whom
           he
           thought
           to
           have
           never
           seen
           more
           ,
           making
           Submission
           and
           begging
           Pardon
           on
           her
           Knees
           before
           him
           ;
           he
           might
           probably
           
           at
           first
           make
           some
           shew
           of
           aversion
           and
           rejection
           ;
           but
           partly
           his
           own
           generous
           nature
           ,
           more
           inclinable
           to
           Reconciliation
           than
           to
           perseverance
           in
           Anger
           and
           Revenge
           ;
           and
           partly
           the
           strong
           intercession
           of
           Friends
           on
           both
           sides
           ,
           soon
           brought
           him
           to
           an
           Act
           of
           Oblivion
           ,
           and
           a
           firm
           League
           of
           Peace
           for
           the
           future
           ;
           and
           it
           was
           at
           length
           concluded
           ,
           That
           she
           should
           remain
           at
           a
           Friend's
           house
           ,
           till
           such
           time
           as
           he
           was
           settled
           in
           his
           New
           house
           at
           Barbican
           ,
           and
           all
           things
           for
           her
           reception
           in
           order
           ;
           the
           place
           agreed
           on
           for
           her
           present
           abode
           ,
           was
           the
           Widow
           
           Webber's
           house
           in
           St.
           
           Clement's
           Church-yard
           ,
           whose
           Second
           Daughter
           had
           been
           Married
           to
           the
           other
           Brother
           many
           years
           before
           ;
           the
           first
           fruits
           of
           her
           return
           to
           her
           Husband
           was
           a
           brave
           Girl
           ,
           born
           within
           a
           year
           after
           ;
           though
           ,
           whether
           by
           ill
           Constitution
           ,
           or
           want
           of
           Care
           ,
           she
           grew
           more
           and
           more
           decrepit
           .
           But
           it
           was
           not
           only
           by
           Children
           that
           she
           increas'd
           the
           number
           of
           the
           Family
           ,
           for
           in
           no
           very
           long
           time
           after
           her
           coming
           ,
           she
           had
           a
           great
           resort
           of
           her
           Kindred
           with
           her
           in
           the
           House
           ,
           viz.
           her
           Father
           and
           Mother
           ,
           and
           several
           of
           her
           Brothers
           and
           Sisters
           ,
           which
           were
           in
           all
           pretty
           Numerous
           ;
           who
           upon
           his
           Father's
           Sickning
           and
           Dying
           soon
           after
           went
           away
           .
           And
           now
           the
           House
           look'd
           again
           like
           a
           
           House
           of
           the
           Muses
           only
           ,
           tho
           the
           accession
           of
           Scholars
           was
           not
           great
           .
           Possibly
           his
           proceeding
           thus
           far
           in
           the
           Education
           of
           Youth
           may
           have
           been
           the
           occasion
           of
           some
           of
           his
           Adversaries
           calling
           him
           Paedagogue
           and
           Schoolmaster
           :
           Whereas
           it
           is
           well
           known
           he
           never
           set
           up
           for
           a
           Publick
           School
           to
           teach
           all
           the
           young
           Fry
           of
           a
           Parish
           ,
           but
           only
           was
           willing
           to
           impart
           his
           Learning
           and
           Knowledge
           to
           Relations
           ,
           and
           the
           Sons
           of
           some
           Gentlemen
           that
           were
           his
           intimate
           Friends
           ;
           besides
           ,
           that
           neither
           his
           Converse
           ,
           nor
           his
           Writings
           ,
           nor
           his
           manner
           of
           Teaching
           ever
           savour'd
           in
           the
           least
           any
           thing
           of
           Pedantry
           ;
           and
           probably
           he
           might
           have
           some
           prospect
           of
           putting
           in
           Practice
           his
           Academical
           Institution
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           Model
           laid
           down
           in
           his
           Sheet
           of
           Education
           .
           The
           Progress
           of
           which
           design
           was
           afterwards
           diverted
           by
           a
           Series
           of
           Alteration
           in
           the
           Affairs
           of
           State
           ;
           for
           I
           am
           much
           mistaken
           ,
           if
           there
           were
           not
           about
           this
           time
           a
           design
           in
           Agitation
           of
           making
           him
           Adjutant-General
           in
           Sir
           
             William
             Waller's
          
           Army
           ;
           but
           the
           new
           modelling
           of
           the
           Army
           soon
           following
           ,
           prov'd
           an
           obstruction
           to
           that
           design
           ;
           and
           Sir
           William
           ,
           his
           Commission
           being
           laid
           down
           ,
           began
           ,
           as
           the
           common
           saying
           is
           ,
           to
           turn
           
             Cat
             in
             Pan.
          
           It
           was
           not
           long
           after
           the
           
           March
           of
           Fairfax
           and
           Comwel
           through
           the
           City
           of
           London
           with
           the
           whole
           Army
           ,
           to
           quell
           the
           Insurrections
           Brown
           and
           Massy
           ,
           now
           Malecontents
           also
           ,
           were
           endeavouring
           to
           raise
           in
           the
           City
           against
           the
           Armies
           proceedings
           ,
           ere
           he
           left
           his
           great
           House
           in
           Barbican
           ,
           and
           betook
           himself
           to
           a
           smaller
           in
           
             High
             Holbourn
          
           ,
           among
           those
           that
           open
           backward
           into
           Lincolns-Inn
           Fields
           ,
           here
           he
           liv'd
           a
           private
           and
           quiet
           Life
           ,
           still
           prosecuting
           his
           Studies
           and
           curious
           Search
           into
           Knowledge
           ,
           the
           grand
           Affair
           perpetually
           of
           his
           Life
           ;
           till
           such
           time
           as
           the
           War
           being
           now
           at
           an
           end
           ,
           with
           compleat
           Victory
           to
           the
           Parliament's
           side
           ,
           as
           the
           Parliament
           then
           stood
           purg'd
           of
           all
           it
           's
           Dissenting
           Members
           ,
           and
           the
           King
           after
           some
           Treaties
           with
           the
           Army
           ,
           
             re
             Infecta
          
           ,
           brought
           to
           his
           Tryal
           ;
           the
           form
           of
           Government
           being
           now
           chang'd
           into
           a
           Free
           State
           ,
           he
           was
           hereupon
           oblig'd
           to
           Write
           a
           Treatise
           ,
           call'd
           the
           
             Tenure
             of
             Kings
             and
             Magistrates
          
           .
           After
           which
           his
           thoughts
           were
           bent
           upon
           retiring
           again
           to
           his
           own
           private
           Studies
           ,
           and
           falling
           upon
           such
           Subjects
           as
           his
           proper
           Genius
           prompted
           him
           to
           Write
           of
           ,
           among
           which
           was
           the
           History
           of
           our
           own
           Nation
           from
           the
           Beginning
           till
           the
           Norman
           Conquest
           ,
           wherein
           he
           had
           made
           some
           progress
           .
           When
           for
           this
           his
           last
           Treatise
           ,
           reviving
           the
           fame
           
           of
           other
           things
           he
           had
           formerly
           Published
           ,
           being
           more
           and
           more
           taken
           notice
           of
           for
           his
           excellency
           of
           Stile
           ,
           and
           depth
           of
           Judgement
           ,
           he
           was
           courted
           into
           the
           Service
           of
           this
           new
           Commonwealth
           ,
           and
           at
           last
           prevail'd
           with
           (
           for
           he
           never
           hunted
           after
           Preferment
           ,
           nor
           affected
           the
           Tintamar
           and
           Hurry
           of
           Publick
           business
           )
           to
           take
           upon
           him
           the
           Office
           of
           Latin
           Secretary
           to
           the
           Counsel
           of
           State
           for
           all
           their
           Letters
           to
           Foreign
           Princes
           and
           States
           ;
           for
           they
           stuck
           to
           this
           Noble
           and
           Generous
           Resolution
           ,
           not
           to
           write
           to
           any
           ,
           or
           receive
           Answers
           from
           them
           ,
           but
           in
           a
           Language
           most
           proper
           to
           maintain
           a
           Correspondence
           among
           the
           Learned
           of
           all
           Nations
           in
           this
           part
           of
           the
           World
           ;
           scorning
           to
           carry
           on
           their
           Affairs
           in
           the
           Wheedling
           Lisping
           Jargon
           of
           the
           Cringing
           French
           ,
           especially
           having
           a
           Minister
           of
           State
           able
           to
           cope
           with
           the
           ablest
           any
           Prince
           or
           State
           could
           imploy
           for
           the
           Latin
           Tongue
           ;
           and
           so
           well
           he
           acquitted
           himself
           in
           this
           station
           ,
           that
           he
           gain'd
           from
           abroad
           both
           Reputation
           to
           himself
           ,
           and
           Credit
           to
           the
           State
           that
           Employed
           him
           ;
           and
           it
           was
           well
           the
           business
           of
           his
           Office
           came
           not
           very
           fast
           vpon
           him
           ,
           for
           he
           was
           scarce
           well
           warm
           in
           his
           Secretaryship
           before
           other
           Work
           flow'd
           in
           upon
           him
           ,
           which
           took
           him
           up
           for
           some
           considerable
           time
           .
           In
           
           the
           first
           place
           there
           came
           out
           a
           Book
           said
           to
           have
           been
           written
           by
           the
           King
           ,
           and
           finished
           a
           little
           before
           his
           Death
           ,
           Entituled
           ,
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           that
           is
           ,
           
             The
             Royal
             Image
          
           ;
           a
           Book
           highly
           cryed
           up
           for
           it's
           smooth
           Style
           ,
           and
           pathetical
           Composure
           ;
           wherefore
           to
           obviate
           the
           impression
           it
           was
           like
           to
           make
           among
           the
           Many
           ,
           he
           was
           obliged
           to
           Write
           an
           Answer
           ,
           which
           he
           Entituled
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           or
           Image-Breaker
           ;
           and
           upon
           the
           heels
           of
           that
           ,
           out
           comes
           in
           Publick
           the
           great
           Kill-cow
           of
           Christendom
           ,
           with
           his
           
             Defensio
             Regis
             contra
             Populum
             Anglicanum
          
           ;
           a
           Man
           so
           Famous
           and
           cryed
           up
           for
           his
           
             Plinian
             Exercitations
          
           ,
           and
           other
           Pieces
           of
           reputed
           Learning
           ,
           that
           there
           could
           no
           where
           have
           been
           found
           a
           Champion
           that
           durst
           lift
           up
           the
           Pen
           against
           so
           formidable
           an
           Adversary
           ,
           had
           not
           our
           little
           
             English
             David
          
           had
           the
           Courage
           to
           undertake
           this
           great
           
             French
             Goliah
          
           ,
           to
           whom
           he
           gave
           such
           a
           hit
           in
           the
           Forehead
           ,
           that
           he
           presently
           staggered
           ,
           and
           soon
           after
           fell
           ;
           for
           immediately
           upon
           the
           coming
           out
           of
           the
           Answer
           .
           Entituled
           ,
           
             Defensio
             Populi
             Anglicani
             ,
             contra
             Claudium
             Anonymum
             ,
          
           &c.
           he
           that
           till
           then
           had
           been
           Chief
           Minister
           and
           Superintendant
           in
           the
           Court
           of
           the
           Learned
           Christina
           Queen
           of
           Sweden
           ,
           dwindled
           in
           esteem
           to
           that
           degree
           ,
           that
           he
           at
           last
           vouchsafed
           to
           speak
           to
           the
           meanest
           
           Servant
           .
           In
           short
           ,
           he
           was
           dismiss'd
           with
           so
           cold
           and
           slighting
           an
           Adieu
           ,
           that
           after
           a
           faint
           dying
           Reply
           ,
           he
           was
           glad
           to
           have
           recourse
           to
           Death
           ,
           the
           remedy
           of
           Evils
           ,
           and
           ender
           of
           Controversies
           :
           And
           now
           I
           presume
           our
           Author
           had
           some
           breathing
           space
           ;
           but
           it
           was
           not
           long
           ;
           for
           though
           Salmasius
           was
           departed
           ,
           he
           left
           some
           stings
           behind
           ,
           new
           Enemies
           started
           up
           ,
           Barkers
           ,
           though
           no
           great
           Biters
           ;
           who
           the
           first
           Assertor
           of
           Salmasius
           his
           Cause
           was
           ,
           is
           not
           certainly
           known
           ,
           but
           variously
           conjectur'd
           at
           ,
           some
           supposing
           it
           to
           be
           one
           Janus
           a
           Lawyer
           of
           Grays-Inn
           ,
           some
           Dr.
           Bramhal
           ,
           made
           by
           King
           Charles
           the
           Second
           after
           his
           Restauration
           Archbishop
           of
           Armagh
           in
           Ireland
           ;
           but
           whoever
           the
           Author
           was
           ,
           the
           Book
           was
           thought
           fit
           to
           be
           taken
           into
           correction
           ,
           and
           our
           Author
           not
           thinking
           it
           worth
           his
           own
           undertaking
           ,
           to
           the
           disturbing
           the
           progress
           of
           whatever
           more
           chosen
           work
           he
           had
           then
           in
           hands
           ,
           committed
           this
           task
           to
           the
           youngest
           of
           his
           Nephews
           ,
           but
           with
           such
           exact
           Emendations
           before
           it
           went
           to
           the
           Press
           ,
           that
           it
           might
           have
           very
           well
           have
           passed
           for
           his
           ,
           but
           that
           he
           was
           willing
           the
           person
           that
           took
           the
           pains
           to
           prepare
           it
           for
           his
           Examination
           and
           Polishment
           ,
           should
           have
           the
           Name
           and
           Credit
           of
           being
           the
           Author
           ;
           so
           that
           it
           came
           forth
           under
           this
           
           Title
           ,
           
             Joannis
             Philippi
             Angli
             Defensio
             pro
             Populo
             Anglicano
             contra
             ,
          
           &c.
           during
           the
           Writing
           and
           Publishing
           of
           this
           Book
           ,
           he
           lodg'd
           at
           one
           
           Thomson's
           next
           door
           to
           the
           Bull-head
           Tavern
           at
           Charing-Cross
           ,
           opening
           into
           the
           Spring-Garden
           ,
           which
           seems
           to
           have
           have
           been
           only
           a
           Lodging
           taken
           ,
           till
           his
           designed
           Apartment
           in
           Scotland-Yard
           was
           prepared
           for
           him
           ;
           for
           hither
           he
           soon
           removed
           from
           the
           foresaid
           place
           ;
           and
           here
           his
           third
           Child
           ,
           a
           Son
           was
           born
           ,
           which
           through
           the
           ill
           usage
           ,
           or
           bad
           Constitution
           of
           an
           ill
           chosen
           Nurse
           ,
           died
           an
           Infant
           ;
           from
           this
           Apartment
           ,
           whether
           he
           thought
           it
           it
           not
           healthy
           ,
           or
           otherwise
           convenient
           for
           his
           use
           ,
           or
           whatever
           else
           was
           the
           reason
           ,
           he
           soon
           after
           took
           a
           pretty
           Garden-house
           in
           Petty-France
           in
           Westminster
           ,
           next
           door
           to
           the
           Lord
           
           Scudamore's
           and
           opening
           into
           St.
           
           James's
           Park
           ;
           here
           he
           remain'd
           no
           less
           than
           Eight
           years
           ,
           namely
           ,
           from
           the
           year
           1652
           ,
           till
           within
           a
           few
           weeks
           of
           King
           Charles
           the
           2d's
           .
           Restoration
           .
           In
           this
           House
           his
           first
           Wife
           dying
           in
           Childbed
           ,
           he
           Married
           a
           Second
           ,
           who
           after
           a
           Year's
           time
           died
           in
           Childbed
           also
           ;
           this
           his
           Second
           Marriage
           was
           about
           Two
           or
           Three
           years
           after
           his
           being
           wholly
           depriv'd
           of
           Sight
           ,
           which
           was
           jusst
           going
           ,
           about
           the
           time
           of
           his
           Answering
           Salmasius
           ;
           whereupon
           his
           Adversaries
           
           gladly
           take
           occasion
           of
           imputing
           his
           blindness
           as
           a
           Judgment
           upon
           him
           for
           his
           Answering
           the
           King's
           Book
           ,
           &c.
           whereas
           it
           is
           most
           certainly
           known
           ,
           that
           his
           Sight
           ,
           what
           with
           his
           continual
           Study
           ,
           his
           being
           subject
           to
           the
           Head-ake
           ,
           and
           his
           perpetual
           tampering
           with
           Physick
           to
           preserve
           it
           ,
           had
           been
           decaying
           for
           above
           a
           dozen
           years
           before
           ,
           and
           the
           sight
           of
           one
           for
           a
           long
           time
           clearly
           lost
           .
           Here
           he
           wrote
           ,
           by
           his
           Amanuensis
           ,
           his
           Two
           Answers
           to
           
             Alexander
             More
          
           ;
           who
           upon
           the
           last
           Answer
           quitted
           the
           field
           .
           So
           that
           being
           now
           quiet
           from
           State-Adversaries
           and
           publick
           Contests
           ,
           he
           had
           leisure
           again
           for
           his
           own
           Studies
           and
           private
           Designs
           ;
           which
           were
           his
           foresaid
           
             History
             of
          
           England
           ,
           and
           a
           New
           
             Thesaurus
             Linguae
             Latinae
          
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           manner
           of
           Stephanus
           ;
           a
           work
           he
           had
           been
           long
           since
           Collecting
           from
           his
           own
           Reading
           ,
           and
           still
           went
           on
           with
           it
           at
           times
           ,
           even
           very
           near
           to
           his
           dying
           day
           ;
           but
           the
           Papers
           after
           his
           death
           were
           so
           discomposed
           and
           deficient
           ,
           that
           it
           could
           not
           be
           made
           fit
           for
           the
           Press
           ;
           However
           ,
           what
           there
           was
           of
           it
           ,
           was
           made
           use
           of
           for
           another
           Dictionary
           .
           But
           the
           Heighth
           of
           his
           Noble
           Fancy
           and
           Invention
           began
           now
           to
           be
           seriously
           and
           mainly
           imployed
           in
           a
           Subject
           worthy
           of
           such
           a
           Muse
           ,
           viz.
           A
           Heroick
           Poem
           ,
           Entituled
           ,
           
             Paradise
             Lost
          
           ;
           
           the
           Noblest
           in
           the
           general
           Esteem
           of
           Learned
           and
           Judicious
           Persons
           ,
           of
           any
           yet
           written
           by
           any
           either
           Ancient
           or
           Modern
           :
           This
           Subject
           was
           first
           designed
           a
           Tragedy
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           Fourth
           Book
           of
           the
           Poem
           there
           are
           Ten
           Verses
           ,
           which
           several
           Years
           before
           the
           Poem
           was
           begun
           ,
           were
           shewn
           to
           me
           ,
           and
           some
           others
           ,
           as
           designed
           for
           the
           very
           beginning
           of
           the
           said
           Tragedy
           .
           The
           Verses
           are
           these
           ;
        
         
           O
           Thou
           that
           with
           surpassing
           Glory
           Crown'd
           !
        
         
           Look'st
           from
           thy
           sole
           Dominion
           ,
           like
           the
           God
        
         
           Of
           this
           New
           World
           ;
           at
           whose
           sight
           all
           the
           Stars
        
         
           Hide
           their
           diminish'd
           Heads
           ;
           to
           thee
           I
           call
           ,
        
         
           But
           with
           no
           friendly
           Voice
           ;
           and
           add
           thy
           Name
           ,
        
         
           O
           Sun
           !
           to
           tell
           thee
           how
           I
           hate
           thy
           Beams
        
         
           That
           bring
           to
           my
           remembrance
           ,
           from
           what
           State
        
         
           I
           fell
           ;
           how
           Glorious
           once
           above
           thy
           Sphere
           ;
        
         
           Till
           Pride
           and
           worse
           Ambition
           threw
           me
           down
           ,
        
         
           Warring
           in
           Heaven
           ,
           against
           Heaven's
           Glorious
           King.
           
        
         
         
           There
           is
           another
           very
           remarkable
           Passage
           in
           the
           Composure
           of
           this
           Poem
           ,
           which
           I
           have
           a
           particular
           occasion
           to
           remember
           ;
           for
           whereas
           I
           had
           the
           perusal
           of
           it
           from
           the
           very
           beginning
           ;
           for
           some
           years
           as
           I
           went
           from
           time
           to
           time
           to
           Visit
           him
           ,
           in
           a
           Parcel
           of
           Ten
           ,
           Twenty
           ,
           or
           Thirty
           Verses
           at
           a
           Time
           ,
           which
           being
           Written
           by
           whatever
           hand
           came
           next
           ,
           might
           possibly
           want
           Correction
           as
           to
           the
           Orthography
           and
           Pointing
           ;
           having
           as
           the
           Summer
           came
           on
           ,
           not
           been
           shewed
           any
           for
           a
           considerable
           while
           ,
           and
           desiring
           the
           reason
           thereof
           ,
           was
           answered
           ,
           That
           his
           Vein
           never
           happily
           flow'd
           ,
           but
           from
           the
           
             Autumnal
             Equinoctial
          
           to
           the
           Vernal
           ,
           and
           that
           whatever
           he
           attempted
           was
           never
           to
           his
           satisfaction
           ,
           though
           he
           courted
           his
           fancy
           never
           so
           much
           ;
           so
           that
           in
           all
           the
           years
           he
           was
           about
           this
           Poem
           ,
           he
           may
           be
           said
           to
           have
           spent
           but
           half
           his
           time
           therein
           .
           It
           was
           but
           a
           little
           before
           the
           King's
           Restoration
           that
           he
           Wrote
           and
           Published
           his
           Book
           in
           
             Defence
             of
             a
             Commonwealth
          
           ;
           so
           undaunted
           he
           was
           in
           declaring
           his
           true
           Sentiments
           to
           the
           world
           ;
           and
           not
           long
           before
           ,
           his
           Power
           of
           the
           
             Civil
             Magistrate
             in
             Ecclesiastical
             Affairs
          
           ;
           and
           
             his
             Treatise
             against
             Hirelings
          
           ,
           just
           upon
           the
           King
           's
           coming
           over
           ;
           having
           a
           little
           before
           been
           sequestred
           from
           his
           Office
           of
           Latin
           Secretary
           ,
           
           and
           the
           Salary
           thereunto
           belonging
           ,
           he
           was
           forc'd
           to
           leave
           his
           House
           also
           ,
           in
           
             Petty
             France
          
           ,
           where
           all
           the
           time
           of
           his
           abode
           there
           ,
           which
           was
           eight
           years
           ,
           as
           above-mentioned
           ,
           he
           was
           frequently
           visited
           by
           persons
           of
           Quality
           ,
           particularly
           my
           Lady
           Ranala
           ,
           whose
           Son
           for
           some
           time
           he
           instructed
           ;
           all
           Learned
           Foreigners
           of
           Note
           ,
           who
           could
           not
           part
           out
           of
           this
           City
           ,
           without
           giving
           a
           visit
           to
           a
           person
           so
           Eminent
           ;
           and
           lastly
           ,
           by
           particular
           Friends
           that
           had
           a
           high
           esteem
           for
           him
           ,
           viz.
           Mr.
           
             Andrew
             Marvel
          
           ,
           young
           Laurence
           (
           the
           Son
           of
           him
           that
           was
           President
           of
           Oliver's
           Council
           )
           to
           whom
           there
           is
           a
           Sonnet
           among
           the
           rest
           ,
           in
           his
           Printed
           Poems
           ;
           Mr.
           
             Marchamont
             Needham
          
           ,
           the
           Writer
           of
           Politicus
           ;
           but
           above
           all
           ,
           Mr.
           
             Cyriak
             Skinner
          
           whom
           he
           honoured
           with
           two
           Sonnets
           ,
           one
           long
           since
           publick
           among
           his
           Poems
           ;
           the
           other
           but
           newly
           Printed
           .
           His
           next
           removal
           was
           ,
           by
           the
           advice
           of
           those
           that
           wisht
           him
           well
           ,
           and
           had
           a
           concern
           for
           his
           preservation
           ,
           into
           a
           place
           of
           retirement
           and
           abscondence
           ,
           till
           such
           time
           as
           the
           current
           of
           affairs
           for
           the
           future
           should
           instruct
           him
           what
           farther
           course
           to
           take
           ;
           it
           was
           a
           Friend's
           House
           in
           Bartholomew-Close
           ,
           where
           he
           liv'd
           till
           the
           Act
           of
           Oblivion
           came
           forth
           ;
           which
           it
           pleased
           God
           ,
           prov'd
           as
           favourable
           
           to
           him
           as
           could
           be
           hop'd
           or
           expected
           ,
           through
           the
           intercession
           of
           some
           that
           stood
           his
           Friends
           both
           in
           Council
           and
           Parliament
           ;
           particularly
           in
           the
           House
           of
           Commons
           ,
           Mr.
           
             Andrew
             Marvel
          
           ,
           a
           Member
           for
           Hull
           ,
           acted
           vigorously
           in
           his
           behalf
           ,
           and
           made
           a
           considerable
           party
           for
           him
           ;
           so
           that
           ,
           together
           with
           
             John
             Goodwin
          
           of
           Coleman-Street
           ,
           he
           was
           only
           so
           far
           excepted
           as
           not
           to
           bear
           any
           Office
           in
           the
           Commonwealth
           .
           Soon
           after
           appearing
           again
           in
           publick
           ,
           he
           took
           a
           House
           in
           Holborn
           near
           
             Red
             Lyon
             Fields
          
           ,
           where
           he
           stayed
           not
           long
           before
           his
           Pardon
           having
           pass'd
           the
           Seal
           ,
           he
           remov'd
           to
           
             Jewin
             Street
          
           ;
           there
           he
           liv'd
           when
           he
           married
           his
           3d.
           Wife
           ,
           recommended
           to
           him
           by
           his
           old
           Friend
           Dr.
           Paget
           in
           Coleman-street
           ;
           but
           he
           stay'd
           not
           long
           after
           his
           new
           Marriage
           ,
           ere
           he
           remov'd
           to
           a
           House
           in
           the
           
           Artillery-walk
           leading
           to
           
             Bunhill
             Fields
          
           .
           And
           this
           was
           his
           last
           Stage
           in
           this
           World
           ,
           but
           it
           was
           of
           many
           years
           continuance
           ,
           more
           perhaps
           than
           he
           had
           had
           in
           any
           other
           place
           besides
           .
           Here
           he
           finisht
           his
           noble
           Poem
           ,
           and
           publisht
           it
           in
           the
           year
           1666.
           the
           first
           Edition
           was
           Printed
           in
           Quarto
           by
           one
           Simons
           a
           Printer
           in
           Aldersgate-Street
           ,
           the
           other
           in
           a
           large
           Octavo
           ,
           by
           Starky
           near
           Temple-Bar
           ,
           amended
           ,
           enlarg'd
           ,
           and
           differently
           dispos'd
           as
           to
           the
           Number
           
           of
           Books
           ,
           by
           his
           own
           Hand
           ,
           that
           is
           by
           his
           own
           appointment
           ;
           the
           last
           set
           forth
           many
           years
           since
           his
           death
           in
           a
           large
           Folio
           with
           Cuts
           added
           by
           
             Jacob
             Tonson
          
           .
           Here
           it
           was
           also
           that
           he
           finisht
           and
           publisht
           his
           History
           of
           our
           Nation
           till
           the
           Conquest
           ,
           all
           compleat
           so
           far
           as
           he
           went
           ,
           some
           Passages
           only
           excepted
           ,
           which
           being
           thought
           too
           sharp
           against
           the
           Clergy
           ,
           could
           not
           pass
           the
           Hand
           of
           the
           Licencer
           ,
           were
           in
           the
           Hands
           of
           the
           late
           Earl
           of
           Anglesey
           while
           he
           liv'd
           ;
           where
           at
           present
           is
           uncertain
           .
           It
           cannot
           certainly
           be
           concluded
           when
           he
           wrote
           his
           excellent
           Tragedy
           entitled
           
             Samson
             Agonistes
          
           ,
           but
           sure
           enough
           it
           is
           that
           it
           came
           forth
           afert
           his
           publication
           of
           
             Paradice
             lost
          
           ,
           together
           with
           his
           other
           Poem
           call'd
           
             Paradice
             regain'd
          
           which
           doubtless
           was
           begun
           and
           finisht
           and
           Printed
           after
           the
           other
           was
           publisht
           ,
           and
           that
           in
           a
           wonderful
           short
           space
           considering
           the
           sublimeness
           of
           it
           ;
           however
           it
           is
           generally
           censur'd
           to
           be
           much
           inferiour
           to
           the
           other
           ▪
           though
           he
           could
           not
           hear
           with
           patience
           any
           such
           thing
           when
           related
           to
           him
           ;
           possibly
           the
           Subject
           may
           not
           afford
           such
           variety
           of
           Invention
           ,
           but
           it
           is
           thought
           by
           the
           most
           judicious
           to
           be
           little
           or
           nothing
           inferiour
           to
           the
           other
           for
           stile
           and
           decorum
           .
           The
           said
           Earl
           of
           Anglesy
           whom
           he
           presented
           with
           a
           Copy
           of
           the
           unlicens'd
           Papers
           of
           
           his
           History
           ,
           came
           often
           here
           to
           visit
           him
           ,
           as
           very
           much
           coveting
           his
           society
           and
           converse
           ;
           as
           likewise
           others
           of
           the
           Nobility
           ,
           and
           many
           persons
           of
           eminent
           quality
           ;
           nor
           were
           the
           visits
           of
           Foreigners
           ever
           more
           frequent
           than
           in
           this
           place
           ,
           almost
           to
           his
           dying
           day
           .
           His
           Treatise
           of
           true
           Religion
           ,
           Heresy
           ,
           Schism
           and
           Toleration
           ,
           &c.
           was
           doubtless
           the
           last
           thing
           of
           his
           writing
           that
           was
           publisht
           before
           his
           Death
           .
           He
           had
           ,
           as
           I
           remember
           ,
           prepared
           for
           the
           Press
           an
           answer
           to
           some
           little
           scribing
           Quack
           in
           London
           ,
           who
           had
           written
           a
           Scurrilons
           Libel
           against
           him
           ,
           but
           whether
           by
           the
           disswasion
           of
           Friends
           ,
           as
           thinking
           him
           a
           Fellow
           not
           worth
           his
           notice
           ,
           or
           for
           what
           other
           cause
           I
           know
           not
           ,
           this
           Answer
           was
           never
           publisht
           .
           He
           died
           in
           the
           year
           1673.
           towards
           the
           latter
           end
           of
           the
           Summer
           ,
           and
           had
           a
           very
           decent
           interment
           according
           to
           his
           Quality
           ,
           in
           the
           Church
           of
           St.
           
             Giles
             Cripplegate
          
           ,
           being
           attended
           from
           his
           House
           to
           the
           Church
           by
           several
           Gentlemen
           then
           in
           Town
           ,
           his
           principal
           wellwi-shers
           and
           admirers
           He
           had
           three
           Daughters
           who
           surviv'd
           him
           many
           years
           (
           and
           a
           Son
           )
           all
           by
           his
           first
           Wife
           (
           of
           whom
           sufficient
           mention
           hath
           been
           made
           .
           )
           Anne
           his
           Eldest
           as
           abovesaid
           ,
           and
           Mary
           his
           Second
           ,
           who
           were
           both
           born
           at
           his
           House
           in
           Barbican
           ;
           and
           
           Debora
           the
           youngest
           ,
           who
           is
           yet
           living
           ,
           born
           at
           his
           House
           in
           Petty-France
           ;
           between
           whom
           and
           his
           Second
           Daughter
           ,
           the
           Son
           ,
           named
           John
           ,
           was
           born
           as
           above-mention'd
           ,
           at
           his
           Apartment
           in
           
             Scotland
             Yard
          
           .
           By
           his
           Second
           Wife
           ,
           Catharine
           the
           Daughter
           of
           Captain
           Woodcock
           of
           Hackney
           ,
           he
           had
           only
           one
           Daughter
           ,
           of
           which
           the
           Mother
           the
           first
           year
           after
           her
           Marriage
           died
           in
           Child
           bed
           ,
           and
           the
           Child
           also
           within
           a
           Month
           after
           .
           By
           his
           Third
           Wife
           Elizabeth
           the
           Daughter
           of
           one
           Mr.
           Minshal
           of
           Cheshire
           ,
           (
           and
           Kinswoman
           to
           Dr.
           Paget
           )
           who
           surviv'd
           him
           ,
           and
           is
           said
           to
           be
           yet
           living
           ,
           he
           never
           had
           any
           Child
           ;
           and
           those
           he
           had
           by
           the
           First
           he
           made
           serviceable
           to
           him
           in
           that
           very
           particular
           in
           which
           he
           most
           wanted
           their
           Service
           ,
           and
           supplied
           his
           want
           of
           Eye-sight
           by
           their
           Eyes
           and
           Tongue
           ;
           for
           though
           he
           had
           daily
           about
           him
           one
           or
           other
           to
           Read
           to
           him
           ,
           some
           persons
           of
           Man's
           Estate
           ,
           who
           of
           their
           own
           accord
           greedily
           catch'd
           at
           the
           opportunity
           of
           being
           his
           Readers
           ,
           that
           they
           might
           as
           well
           reap
           the
           benefit
           of
           what
           they
           Read
           to
           him
           ,
           as
           oblige
           him
           by
           the
           benefit
           of
           their
           reading
           ;
           others
           of
           younger
           years
           sent
           by
           their
           Parents
           to
           the
           same
           end
           ,
           yet
           excusing
           only
           the
           Eldest
           Daughter
           by
           reason
           of
           her
           bodily
           Infirmity
           ,
           and
           difficult
           utterance
           of
           Speech
           ,
           (
           which
           
           to
           say
           truth
           I
           doubt
           was
           the
           Principal
           cause
           of
           excusing
           her
           )
           the
           other
           two
           were
           Condemn'd
           to
           the
           performance
           of
           Reading
           ,
           and
           exactly
           pronouncing
           of
           all
           the
           Languages
           of
           what
           ever
           Book
           he
           should
           at
           one
           time
           or
           other
           think
           fit
           to
           peruse
           .
           Viz.
           The
           Hebrew
           (
           and
           I
           think
           the
           Syriac
           )
           the
           Greek
           ,
           the
           Latin
           ,
           the
           
             Italian
             ,
             Spanish
          
           and
           French.
           All
           which
           sorts
           of
           Books
           to
           be
           confined
           to
           Read
           ,
           without
           understanding
           one
           word
           ,
           must
           needs
           be
           a
           Tryal
           of
           Patience
           ,
           almost
           beyond
           endurance
           ;
           yet
           it
           was
           endured
           by
           both
           for
           a
           long
           time
           ,
           yet
           the
           irksomeness
           of
           this
           imployment
           could
           not
           be
           always
           concealed
           ,
           but
           broke
           out
           more
           and
           more
           into
           expressions
           of
           uneasiness
           ;
           so
           that
           at
           length
           they
           were
           all
           (
           even
           the
           Eldest
           also
           )
           sent
           out
           to
           learn
           some
           Curious
           and
           Ingenious
           sorts
           of
           Manufacture
           ,
           that
           are
           proper
           for
           Women
           to
           learn
           ,
           particularly
           Imbroideries
           in
           Gold
           or
           Silver
           .
           It
           had
           been
           happy
           indeed
           if
           the
           Daughters
           of
           such
           a
           Person
           had
           been
           made
           in
           some
           measure
           Inheritrixes
           of
           their
           Father's
           Learning
           ;
           but
           since
           Fate
           otherwise
           decreed
           ,
           the
           greatest
           Honour
           that
           can
           be
           ascribed
           to
           this
           now
           living
           (
           and
           so
           would
           have
           been
           to
           the
           others
           had
           they
           lived
           )
           is
           to
           be
           Daughter
           to
           a
           man
           of
           his
           extraordinary
           Character
           .
        
         
         
           He
           is
           said
           to
           have
           dyed
           worth
           
             1500
             l.
          
           in
           Money
           (
           a
           considerable
           Estate
           ,
           all
           things
           considered
           )
           besides
           Houshold
           Goods
           ;
           for
           he
           sustained
           such
           losses
           as
           might
           well
           have
           broke
           any
           person
           less
           frugal
           and
           temperate
           then
           himself
           ;
           no
           less
           then
           
             2000
             l.
          
           which
           he
           had
           put
           for
           Security
           and
           improvement
           into
           the
           Excise
           Office
           ,
           but
           neglecting
           to
           recal
           it
           in
           time
           ,
           could
           never
           after
           get
           it
           out
           ,
           with
           all
           the
           Power
           and
           Interest
           he
           had
           in
           the
           Great
           ones
           of
           those
           Times
           ;
           besides
           another
           great
           Sum
           ,
           by
           mismanagement
           and
           for
           want
           of
           good
           advice
           .
        
         
           Thus
           I
           have
           reduced
           into
           form
           and
           order
           what
           ever
           I
           have
           been
           able
           to
           rally
           up
           ,
           either
           from
           the
           recollection
           of
           my
           own
           memory
           ,
           of
           things
           transacted
           while
           I
           was
           with
           him
           ,
           or
           the
           information
           of
           others
           equally
           conversant
           afterwards
           ,
           or
           from
           his
           own
           mouth
           by
           frequent
           visits
           to
           the
           last
           .
        
         
           I
           shall
           conclude
           with
           two
           material
           passages
           ,
           which
           though
           they
           relate
           not
           immediately
           to
           our
           Author
           ,
           or
           his
           own
           particular
           concerns
           ;
           yet
           in
           regard
           they
           hapned
           during
           his
           publick
           employ
           ,
           and
           consequently
           fell
           most
           especially
           under
           his
           cognisance
           ;
           it
           will
           not
           be
           amiss
           here
           to
           subjoin
           them
           The
           first
           was
           this
           ,
        
         
           Before
           the
           War
           broke
           forth
           between
           the
           States
           of
           England
           ,
           and
           the
           Dutch
           ,
           the
           Hollanders
           sent
           over
           Three
           Embassadours
           in
           order
           to
           an
           accommodation
           ;
           
           but
           they
           returning
           
             re
             infecta
          
           ,
           the
           Dutch
           sent
           away
           a
           Plenipotentiary
           ,
           to
           offer
           Peace
           upon
           much
           milder
           terms
           ,
           or
           at
           least
           to
           gain
           more
           time
        
         
           But
           this
           Plenipotentiary
           could
           not
           make
           such
           haste
           ,
           but
           that
           the
           Parliament
           had
           procured
           a
           Copy
           of
           their
           Instructions
           in
           Holland
           ,
           which
           were
           delivered
           by
           our
           Author
           to
           his
           Kinsman
           that
           was
           then
           with
           him
           ,
           to
           Translate
           for
           the
           Council
           to
           view
           ,
           before
           the
           said
           Plenipotentiary
           had
           taken
           Shipping
           for
           England
           ;
           an
           Answer
           to
           all
           he
           had
           in
           Charge
           lay
           ready
           for
           him
           ,
           before
           he
           made
           his
           publick
           entry
           into
           London
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           next
           place
           there
           came
           a
           person
           with
           a
           very
           sumptuous
           train
           ,
           pretending
           himself
           an
           Agent
           from
           the
           Prince
           of
           Conde
           ,
           then
           in
           Arms
           against
           Cardinal
           Mazarine
           :
           The
           Parliament
           mistrusting
           him
           ,
           set
           their
           Instrument
           so
           busily
           at
           work
           ,
           that
           in
           Four
           or
           Five
           Days
           they
           had
           procured
           Intelligence
           from
           Paris
           ,
           that
           he
           was
           a
           Spy
           from
           K.
           Charles
           ;
           whereupon
           the
           very
           next
           Morning
           our
           Author's
           Kinsman
           was
           sent
           to
           him
           ,
           with
           an
           Order
           of
           Councel
           commanding
           him
           to
           depart
           the
           Kingdom
           within
           Three
           Days
           ,
           or
           expect
           the
           Punishment
           of
           a
           Spy.
           
        
         
           By
           these
           two
           remarkable
           passages
           ,
           we
           may
           clearly
           discover
           the
           Industry
           and
           good
           Intelligence
           of
           those
           Times
           .
        
         
           Here
           is
           a
           Catalogue
           added
           of
           every
           Book
           of
           his
           that
           was
           ever
           publish'd
           ,
           which
           to
           my
           knowledge
           is
           full
           and
           compleat
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           TO
           Oliver
           Cromwell
           .
        
         
           CRomwell
           our
           Chief
           of
           Men
           ,
           that
           through
           a
           Croud
           ,
        
         
           Not
           of
           War
           only
           ,
           but
           distractions
           rude
           ;
        
         
           Guided
           by
           Faith
           ,
           and
           Matchless
           Fortitude
           :
        
         
           To
           Peace
           and
           Truth
           ,
           thy
           Glorious
           way
           hast
           Plough'd
           ,
        
         
           And
           Fought
           God's
           Battels
           ,
           and
           his
           Work
           pursu'd
           ,
        
         
           While
           Darwent
           Streams
           with
           Blood
           of
           Scots
           imbru'd
           ;
        
         
           And
           Dunbarfield
           resound
           thy
           Praises
           loud
           ,
        
         
           And
           
           Worcester's
           Laureat
           Wreath
           ;
           yet
           much
           remains
        
         
           To
           Conquer
           still
           ;
           Peace
           hath
           her
           Victories
        
         
           No
           less
           than
           those
           of
           War
           ;
           new
           Foes
           arise
        
         
           Threatning
           to
           bind
           our
           Souls
           in
           secular
           Chains
           ,
        
         
           Help
           us
           to
           save
           Free
           Conscience
           from
           the
           paw
        
         
           Of
           Hireling
           Wolves
           ,
           whose
           Gospel
           is
           their
           Maw
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           To
           my
           Lord
           FAIRFAX
           .
        
         
           FAirfax
           ,
           whose
           Name
           in
           Arms
           through
           Europe
           rings
           ,
        
         
           And
           fills
           all
           Mouths
           with
           Envy
           or
           with
           Praise
           ,
        
         
           And
           all
           her
           Jealous
           Monarchs
           with
           Amaze
           .
        
         
           And
           Rumours
           loud
           which
           daunt
           remotest
           Kings
           ,
        
         
           Thy
           firm
           unshaken
           Valour
           ever
           brings
        
         
           Victory
           home
           ,
           while
           new
           Rebellions
           raise
        
         
           Their
           Hydra-heads
           ,
           and
           the
           false
           North
           displays
        
         
           Her
           broken
           League
           to
           Imp
           her
           Serpent
           Wings
           :
        
         
           O
           yet
           !
           a
           Nobler
           task
           awaits
           thy
           Hand
           ,
        
         
           For
           what
           can
           War
           ,
           but
           Acts
           of
           War
           still
           breed
           ,
        
         
           Till
           injur'd
           Truth
           from
           Violence
           be
           freed
           ;
        
         
           And
           publick
           Faith
           be
           rescu'd
           from
           the
           Brand
        
         
           Of
           publick
           Fraud
           ;
           in
           vain
           doth
           Valour
           bleed
           ,
        
         
           While
           Avarice
           and
           Rapine
           shares
           the
           Land.
           
        
      
       
         
         
           To
           Sir
           HENRY
           VANE
           .
        
         
           VANE
           ,
           Young
           in
           years
           ,
           but
           in
           Sage
           Councels
           old
           ,
        
         
           Then
           whom
           a
           better
           Senator
           ne're
           held
        
         
           The
           Helm
           of
           Rome
           ,
           when
           Gowns
           ,
           not
           Arms
           ,
           repell'd
        
         
           The
           fierce
           Epirote
           ,
           and
           the
           African
           bold
           ,
        
         
           Whether
           to
           settle
           Peace
           ,
           or
           to
           unfold
        
         
           The
           Drift
           of
           hollow
           States
           ,
           hard
           to
           be
           Spell'd
           ;
        
         
           Then
           to
           advise
           how
           War
           may
           best
           be
           upheld
           ,
        
         
           Mann'd
           by
           her
           Two
           main
           Nerves
           ,
           Iron
           and
           Gold
           ,
        
         
           In
           all
           her
           Equipage
           :
           Besides
           ,
           to
           know
        
         
           Both
           Spiritual
           and
           Civil
           ,
           what
           each
           means
           ,
        
         
           What
           serves
           each
           ,
           thou
           hast
           learn'd
           ,
           which
           few
           have
           done
           .
        
         
           The
           bounds
           of
           either
           Sword
           to
           thee
           we
           owe
           ;
        
         
           Therefore
           on
           thy
           Right
           hand
           Religion
           leans
           ,
        
         
           And
           reckons
           thee
           in
           chief
           her
           Eldest
           Son.
           
        
      
       
         
         
           To
           Mr.
           CYRIAC
           SKINNER
           Upon
           his
           Blindness
           .
        
         
           CYRIAC
           this
           Three
           years
           day
           ,
           these
           Eyes
           though
           clear
        
         
           To
           outward
           view
           of
           blemish
           or
           of
           Spot
           ,
        
         
           Bereft
           of
           Sight
           ,
           their
           Seeing
           have
           forgot
           :
        
         
           Nor
           to
           their
           idle
           Orbs
           doth
           day
           appear
           ,
        
         
           Or
           Sun
           ,
           or
           Moon
           ,
           or
           Star
           ,
           throughout
           the
           Year
           ;
        
         
           Or
           Man
           ,
           or
           Woman
           ;
           yet
           I
           argue
           not
        
         
           Against
           Heaven's
           Hand
           ,
           or
           Will
           ,
           nor
           bate
           one
           jot
        
         
           Of
           Heart
           or
           Hope
           ;
           but
           still
           bear
           up
           ,
           and
           steer
        
         
           Right
           onward
           .
           What
           supports
           me
           ,
           dost
           thou
           ask
           ?
        
         
           The
           Conscience
           ,
           Friend
           ,
           to
           have
           lost
           them
           over
           ply'd
        
         
           In
           Liberties
           Defence
           ,
           my
           noble
           task
           ;
        
         
           Of
           which
           all
           Europe
           rings
           from
           side
           to
           side
           .
        
         
           This
           thought
           might
           lead
           me
           through
           this
           World
           's
           vain
           mask
        
         
           Content
           ,
           though
           blind
           ,
           had
           I
           no
           other
           Guide
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           A
           CATALOGUE
           OF
           Mr.
           John
           Milton's
           Works
           .
        
         
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           In
           Answer
           to
           a
           Book
           ,
           Entituled
           ,
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           ,
           The
           Portraiture
           of
           his
           Sacred
           Majesty
           in
           his
           Solitudes
           and
           Sufferings
           .
        
         
           The
           Tenure
           of
           Kings
           and
           Magistrates
           ;
           proving
           ,
           That
           it
           is
           Lawful
           ,
           and
           hath
           been
           held
           so
           through
           all
           Ages
           ,
           for
           any
           who
           have
           the
           Power
           ,
           to
           call
           to
           Account
           a
           Tyrant
           ,
           or
           Wicked
           King
           ;
           and
           after
           due
           Conviction
           to
           Depose
           and
           put
           him
           to
           Death
           ,
           if
           the
           ordinary
           Magistrate
           have
           neglected
           or
           denied
           to
           do
           it
           ;
           and
           that
           they
           who
           of
           late
           so
           much
           blame
           Deposing
           ,
           are
           the
           men
           that
           did
           it
           themselves
           .
           4to
           .
        
         
           Observations
           upon
           the
           Articles
           of
           Peace
           with
           the
           Irish
           Rebels
           ,
           on
           the
           Letter
           of
           Ormond
           
           to
           Collonel
           Jones
           ,
           and
           the
           Representation
           of
           the
           Presbytery
           of
           
             Belfast
             .
             4to
          
           .
        
         
           The
           ready
           and
           easie
           way
           to
           establish
           a
           Free
           Commonwealth
           ;
           and
           the
           Excellency
           thereof
           compared
           with
           the
           Inconveniencies
           and
           Dangers
           of
           Readmitting
           Kingship
           in
           this
           Nation
           .
           4to
           .
        
         
           Areopagitica
           ;
           A
           Speech
           of
           
             John
             Milton
          
           for
           the
           Liberty
           of
           Unlicensed
           Printing
           ,
           to
           the
           Parliament
           of
           
             England
             .
             4to
          
           .
        
         
           Brief
           Notes
           upon
           a
           Sermon
           Entitled
           ,
           
             The
             Fear
             of
             God
             and
             the
             King
             ,
          
           Preach'd
           and
           since
           Publish'd
           by
           
             Matthew
             Griffeth
          
           ,
           D.
           D.
           and
           Chaplain
           to
           the
           late
           King
           ;
           wherein
           many
           notorious
           Wrestings
           of
           Scripture
           ,
           and
           other
           Falsities
           are
           observed
           :
           By
           
             J.
             M.
             4to
          
           .
        
         
           Of
           Reformation
           touching
           Church-Discipline
           in
           England
           ,
           and
           the
           Causes
           that
           hitherto
           have
           hindred
           it
           .
           Two
           Books
           written
           to
           a
           Friend
           .
           4to
           .
        
         
           Of
           Prelatical
           Episcopacy
           ,
           and
           whether
           it
           may
           be
           deduc'd
           from
           the
           Apostolical
           times
           by
           vertue
           of
           those
           Testimonies
           which
           are
           alledged
           to
           that
           purpose
           in
           some
           late
           Treatises
           ;
           one
           whereof
           goes
           under
           the
           Name
           of
           James
           Archbishop
           of
           
             Armagb
             .
             4to
          
           .
        
         
           Animadversions
           upon
           the
           Remonstrants
           defence
           against
           
             Smectymnuus
             .
             4to
          
           .
        
         
           An
           Apology
           for
           Smectymnuus
           ,
           with
           the
           Reason
           of
           Church-Government
           .
           4to
           .
        
         
         
           The
           Reason
           of
           Church-Government
           urged
           against
           Prelacy
           .
           In
           Two
           Books
           .
           4to
           .
        
         
           Of
           True
           Religion
           ,
           Heresie
           ,
           Schism
           ,
           Toleration
           ,
           and
           what
           best
           means
           may
           be
           used
           against
           the
           growth
           of
           Popery
           .
           4to
           .
        
         
           The
           Doctrine
           and
           Discipline
           of
           Divorce
           ,
           restored
           ,
           to
           the
           Good
           of
           both
           Sexes
           ,
           from
           the
           Bondage
           of
           Canon
           Law
           and
           other
           mistakes
           ,
           to
           the
           true
           meaning
           of
           Scripture
           in
           the
           Law
           and
           Gospel
           compared
           .
           Wherein
           also
           are
           set
           down
           the
           bad
           consequences
           of
           Abolishing
           ,
           or
           Condemning
           of
           Sin
           ,
           that
           which
           the
           Law
           of
           God
           allows
           ,
           and
           Christ
           abolisht
           not
           .
           Now
           the
           second
           time
           Revised
           ,
           and
           much
           Augmented
           in
           Two
           Books
           .
           To
           the
           Parliament
           of
           England
           ,
           with
           the
           Assembly
           .
           In
           4to
           .
        
         
           Colasterion
           .
           A
           Reply
           to
           a
           nameless
           Answer
           against
           the
           Doctrine
           and
           Discipline
           of
           Divorce
           .
           Wherein
           the
           Trivial
           Author
           of
           that
           Answer
           is
           discovered
           ,
           the
           Licenser
           conferr'd
           with
           ,
           and
           the
           Opinion
           which
           they
           traduce
           defended
           .
           4to
           .
        
         
           Tetrachordon
           :
           Expositions
           upon
           the
           Four
           chief
           Places
           in
           Scripture
           ,
           which
           Treat
           of
           Marriage
           ,
           or
           Nullities
           in
           Marriage
           ,
           on
           
             Genesis
             1
             27
             ,
             28.
          
           
           Compar'd
           and
           Explain'd
           by
           
             Genesis
             2.
             18
             ,
             23
             ,
             24.
             
             Deut.
             24.
             1
             ,
             2.
             
             Matt.
             5.
             31
             ,
             32.
          
           with
           
             Matt.
             19.
          
           from
           the
           3d.
           to
           the
           11.
           
             verse
             .
             1
             Cor.
             7.
          
           from
           the
           10th
           .
           
           to
           the
           16th
           .
           Wherein
           the
           Doctrine
           and
           Discipline
           of
           Divorce
           ,
           as
           was
           lately
           Published
           ,
           is
           confirmed
           by
           Explanation
           of
           Scripture
           ,
           by
           Testimony
           of
           Ancient
           Fathers
           ,
           of
           Civil
           Laws
           ,
           in
           the
           Primitive
           Church
           ,
           of
           Famousest
           Reformed
           Divines
           :
           And
           lastly
           ,
           by
           an
           intended
           act
           of
           the
           Parliament
           and
           Church
           of
           England
           in
           the
           last
           year
           of
           Edward
           the
           Sixth
           .
           4to
           .
        
         
           The
           Judgment
           of
           
             Martin
             Bucer
          
           concerning
           Divorce
           ,
           written
           to
           Edward
           the
           Sixth
           ,
           in
           his
           second
           Book
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Christ
           ,
           and
           now
           Englished
           ;
           wherein
           a
           late
           Book
           restoring
           the
           Doctrine
           and
           Discipline
           of
           Divorce
           is
           here
           Confirmed
           and
           Justified
           by
           the
           Authority
           of
           
             Martin
             Bucer
          
           .
           To
           the
           Parliament
           of
           
             England
             .
             4to
          
           .
        
         
           The
           History
           of
           Brittain
           ,
           that
           part
           especially
           now
           called
           England
           :
           From
           the
           first
           Traditional
           Beginning
           ,
           continued
           to
           the
           Norman
           Conquest
           .
           Collected
           out
           of
           the
           Ancientest
           and
           best
           Authors
           thereof
           ,
           in
           4to
           .
        
         
           Paradice
           lost
           ,
           A
           Poem
           in
           Twelve
           Books
           in
           4to
           .
        
         
           Paradice
           regain'd
           ,
           a
           Poem
           in
           four
           Books
           ;
           to
           which
           is
           added
           Samson
           Agonistes
           .
           Octav.
           
        
         
           Poems
           upon
           several
           Occasions
           ,
           both
           English
           and
           Latin
           ,
           &c.
           
           Composed
           at
           several
           times
           .
        
         
         
           A
           brief
           History
           of
           Muscovia
           ,
           and
           of
           other
           less
           known
           Countries
           ,
           lying
           Eastward
           of
           Prussia
           ,
           as
           far
           as
           Cathay
           ;
           gathered
           from
           the
           writings
           of
           several
           Eye-witnesses
           .
           Oct.
           
        
         
           A
           Treatise
           of
           Civil
           Power
           in
           Ecclesiastical
           Causes
           ,
           shewing
           that
           it
           is
           not
           Lawful
           for
           any
           Power
           on
           Earth
           ,
           to
           Compel
           in
           Matters
           of
           Religion
           .
           Twelves
           .
        
         
           Considerations
           touching
           the
           likeliest
           means
           to
           remove
           Hirelings
           out
           of
           the
           Church
           ;
           wherein
           is
           also
           discours'd
           ,
           of
           
             Tythes
             ,
             Church-Fees
          
           ,
           and
           Church-Revenues
           ;
           and
           whether
           any
           maintenance
           of
           Ministers
           can
           be
           setled
           by
           Law.
           Twelves
           .
        
         
           A
           Declaration
           ,
           or
           Letters
           Patents
           of
           the
           Election
           of
           John
           King
           of
           Poland
           .
           A
           Translation
           .
        
         
           
             Opera
             Latina
             ,
             Viz.
             
          
           
             
               Defensio
               pro
               populo
               Anglicano
            
             .
             The
             same
             lately
             Translated
             into
             English
             .
          
           
             Defensio
             Secunda
             .
          
           
             Defensio
             Pro
             se
             .
          
           
             Defensio
             Miltoni
             per
             Johannem
             Philippum
             .
          
           
             Literae
             Pseudo-Senatûs
             Cromwellii
             Reliquorumque
             perduellium
             nomine
             ac
             jussu
             conscriptae
             a
             J.
             M.
             Twelves
             .
          
           
           
             Johannis
             Miltoni
             Angli
             Epistolarum
             Familiarium
             Liber
             unus
             :
             Quibus
             Accesserunt
             ,
             jam
             olim
             in
             Collegio
             Adolescentis
             ,
             Prolusiones
             Quaedam
             Oratoriae
             .
             Octavo
             .
          
           
             Accidence
             Commenet
             Gramar
             .
          
           
             Johannis
             Miltoni
             Angli
             Artis
             Logicae
             Plenior
             Institutio
             ad
             Petri
             Rami
             Methodum
             Concinnata
             :
             Adjecta
             est
             Praxis
             Annalytica
             &
             Petri
             Rami
             vita
             libris
             Duobus
             .
             Twelves
             .
          
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           LETTERS
           Written
           in
           the
           Name
           of
           the
           Parlament
           .
        
         
           
             The
             Senate
             and
             People
             of
             England
             ,
             to
             the
             most
             Noble
             Senate
             of
             the
             City
             of
             Hamborough
             .
          
           
             FOR
             how
             long
             a
             series
             of
             past
             Years
             ,
             and
             for
             what
             important
             Reasons
             the
             Friendship
             enter'd
             into
             by
             our
             Ancestors
             with
             your
             most
             Noble
             City
             has
             continu'd
             to
             this
             day
             ,
             we
             both
             willingly
             acknowledge
             ,
             together
             with
             your selves
             ;
             nor
             is
             it
             a
             thing
             displeasing
             to
             us
             ,
             frequently
             also
             to
             call
             to
             our
             remembrance
             .
             But
             as
             to
             what
             we
             understand
             ,
             by
             your
             Letters
             dated
             the
             25th
             .
             of
             June
             ,
             that
             
             some
             of
             our
             People
             deal
             not
             with
             that
             Fidelity
             and
             Probity
             ,
             as
             they
             were
             wont
             to
             do
             in
             their
             Trading
             and
             Commerce
             among
             ye
             ;
             we
             presently
             referr'd
             it
             to
             the
             consideration
             of
             certain
             Persons
             well
             skill'd
             in
             those
             matters
             ,
             to
             the
             end
             they
             might
             make
             a
             more
             strict
             enquiry
             into
             the
             Frauds
             of
             the
             Clothiers
             and
             other
             Artificers
             of
             the
             Woollen
             Manufacture
             .
             And
             we
             farther
             promise
             ,
             to
             take
             such
             effectual
             care
             ,
             as
             to
             make
             you
             sensible
             of
             our
             unalterable
             intentions
             ,
             to
             preserve
             sincerity
             and
             justice
             among
             our selves
             ,
             as
             also
             never
             to
             neglect
             any
             good
             Offices
             of
             our
             kindness
             that
             may
             redound
             to
             the
             welfare
             of
             your
             Commonwealth
             .
             On
             the
             other
             hand
             ,
             there
             is
             something
             likewise
             which
             we
             not
             only
             require
             ,
             but
             which
             Equity
             it self
             ,
             and
             all
             the
             Laws
             of
             God
             and
             Man
             ,
             demand
             of
             your selves
             ,
             That
             you
             will
             not
             only
             conserve
             inviolable
             to
             the
             Merchants
             of
             our
             Nation
             their
             Privileges
             ,
             but
             by
             your
             Authority
             and
             
             Power
             defend
             and
             protect
             their
             Lives
             and
             Estates
             ,
             as
             it
             becomes
             your
             City
             to
             do
             .
             Which
             as
             we
             most
             earnestly
             desir'd
             in
             our
             former
             Letters
             ,
             so
             upon
             the
             repeated
             Complaints
             of
             our
             Merchants
             that
             are
             daily
             made
             before
             us
             ,
             we
             now
             more
             earnestly
             sollicite
             and
             request
             it
             :
             they
             complaining
             ,
             That
             their
             safety
             ,
             and
             all
             that
             they
             have
             in
             the
             world
             ,
             is
             again
             in
             great
             jeopardy
             among
             ye
             .
             For
             although
             they
             acknowledge
             themselves
             to
             have
             reap'd
             some
             Benefit
             for
             a
             short
             time
             of
             our
             former
             Letters
             sent
             you
             ,
             and
             to
             have
             had
             some
             respite
             from
             the
             Injuries
             of
             a
             sort
             of
             Profligate
             People
             ;
             yet
             since
             the
             coming
             of
             the
             same
             
               Coc
               —
               m
            
             to
             your
             City
             (
             of
             whom
             we
             complain'd
             before
             )
             who
             pretends
             to
             be
             honour'd
             with
             a
             sort
             of
             Embassy
             from
             —
             the
             Son
             of
             the
             lately
             deceas'd
             King
             ,
             they
             have
             been
             assaulted
             with
             all
             manner
             of
             ill
             Language
             ,
             Threats
             and
             naked
             Swords
             of
             Ruffians
             and
             Homicides
             ,
             and
             have
             wanted
             your
             accustom'd
             
             Protection
             and
             Defence
             ;
             insomuch
             ,
             that
             when
             Two
             or
             Three
             of
             the
             Merchants
             ,
             together
             with
             the
             President
             of
             the
             Society
             ,
             were
             hurry'd
             away
             by
             surprize
             Aboard
             a
             certain
             Privateer
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             rest
             implor'd
             your
             Aid
             ,
             yet
             they
             could
             not
             obtain
             any
             Assistance
             from
             you
             ,
             till
             the
             Merchants
             themselves
             were
             forc'd
             to
             embody
             their
             own
             strength
             ,
             and
             rescue
             from
             the
             hands
             of
             Pyrates
             the
             Persons
             Seiz'd
             on
             in
             that
             River
             ,
             of
             which
             your
             City
             is
             the
             Mistress
             ,
             not
             without
             extream
             hazard
             of
             their
             Lives
             .
             Nay
             ,
             when
             they
             had
             fortunately
             brought
             'em
             home
             again
             ,
             and
             as
             it
             were
             by
             Force
             of
             Arms
             recover'd
             'em
             from
             an
             Ignominious
             Captivity
             ,
             and
             carry'd
             the
             Pyrates
             themselves
             into
             Custody
             ;
             we
             are
             inform'd
             that
             
               Coc
               —
               m
            
             was
             so
             audacious
             ,
             as
             to
             demand
             the
             Release
             of
             the
             Pyrates
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             Merchants
             might
             be
             deliver'd
             Prisoners
             into
             his
             hands
             .
             We
             therefore
             again
             ,
             and
             again
             ,
             beseech
             and
             adjure
             ye
             ,
             if
             it
             be
             your
             intention
             that
             
             Contracts
             and
             Leagues
             ,
             and
             the
             very
             ancient
             Commerce
             between
             both
             Nations
             should
             be
             preserv'd
             ,
             the
             thing
             which
             you
             desire
             ,
             That
             our
             People
             may
             be
             able
             to
             asiure
             themselves
             of
             some
             certain
             and
             firm
             support
             and
             reliance
             upon
             your
             Word
             ,
             your
             Prudence
             and
             Authority
             ;
             that
             you
             would
             lend
             'em
             a
             favourable
             Audience
             concerning
             these
             matters
             ;
             and
             that
             you
             would
             inflict
             deserved
             Punishment
             as
             well
             upon
             
               Coc
               —
               m
            
             ,
             and
             the
             rest
             of
             his
             Accomplices
             in
             that
             wicked
             act
             ,
             as
             upon
             those
             who
             lately
             assaulted
             the
             Preacher
             ,
             hitherto
             unpunish'd
             ,
             or
             command
             'em
             to
             depart
             your
             Territories
             ;
             nor
             that
             you
             would
             believe
             that
             expell'd
             and
             exil'd
             Tarquins
             are
             to
             be
             preferr'd
             before
             the
             Friendship
             ,
             and
             the
             Wealth
             ,
             and
             Power
             of
             our
             Republick
             .
             For
             if
             you
             do
             not
             carefully
             provide
             to
             the
             contrary
             ,
             but
             that
             the
             Enemies
             of
             our
             Republick
             shall
             presume
             to
             think
             lawful
             the
             committing
             of
             any
             Violences
             against
             us
             in
             your
             City
             ,
             how
             
             unsafe
             ,
             how
             ignominious
             the
             Residence
             of
             our
             People
             there
             will
             be
             ,
             do
             you
             consider
             with
             your selves
             .
             These
             things
             we
             recommend
             to
             your
             Prudence
             and
             Equity
             ,
             your selves
             to
             the
             Protection
             of
             Heaven
             .
          
           
             
               Westminster
               ,
               
                 Aug.
                 10.
                 1649.
                 
              
            
          
        
         
           
             To
             the
             Senate
             of
             Hamborough
             .
          
           
             YOUR
             conspicuous
             Favour
             in
             the
             doubtful
             condition
             of
             our
             Affairs
             ,
             is
             now
             the
             reason
             ,
             that
             after
             Victory
             and
             prosperous
             Success
             ,
             we
             can
             no
             longer
             question
             your
             good
             will
             and
             friendly
             inclination
             towards
             us
             .
             As
             for
             our
             parts
             ,
             the
             War
             being
             almost
             now
             determin'd
             ,
             and
             our
             Enemies
             every
             where
             vanquish'd
             ,
             we
             have
             deem'd
             nothing
             more
             just
             ,
             or
             more
             conducing
             to
             the
             firm
             Establishment
             of
             the
             Republick
             ,
             then
             that
             they
             who
             by
             our
             means
             (
             the
             Almighty
             being
             always
             our
             Captain
             and
             Conductor
             )
             have
             either
             recover'd
             
             their
             Liberty
             ,
             or
             obtain'd
             their
             Lives
             and
             Fortunes
             ,
             after
             the
             pernicious
             Ravages
             of
             a
             Civil
             War
             ,
             of
             our
             free
             Gift
             and
             Grace
             ,
             should
             testifie
             and
             pay
             in
             exchange
             to
             their
             Magistrates
             Allegiance
             and
             Duty
             in
             a
             solemn
             manner
             ,
             if
             need
             requir'd
             .
             More
             especially
             ,
             when
             so
             many
             Turbulent
             and
             Exasperated
             Persons
             ,
             more
             then
             once
             receiv'd
             into
             Protection
             ,
             will
             make
             no
             end
             ,
             either
             at
             home
             or
             abroad
             ,
             of
             acting
             Perfidiously
             ,
             and
             raising
             new
             Disturbances
             .
             To
             that
             purpose
             we
             took
             care
             to
             enjoin
             a
             certain
             form
             of
             an
             Oath
             ,
             by
             which
             all
             who
             held
             any
             Office
             in
             the
             Common-wealth
             ,
             or
             being
             fortify'd
             with
             the
             Protection
             of
             the
             Law
             ,
             enjoy'd
             both
             Safety
             ,
             Ease
             ,
             and
             all
             other
             Conveniences
             of
             Life
             ,
             should
             bind
             themselves
             to
             Obedience
             in
             words
             prescrib'd
             .
             This
             we
             also
             thought
             proper
             to
             be
             sent
             to
             all
             Colonies
             abroad
             ,
             or
             where-ever
             else
             our
             People
             resided
             for
             the
             convenience
             of
             Trade
             ;
             to
             the
             end
             that
             the
             Fidelity
             of
             those
             over
             
             whom
             we
             are
             set
             ,
             might
             be
             prov'd
             and
             known
             to
             us
             ,
             as
             it
             is
             but
             reasonable
             and
             necessary
             .
             Which
             makes
             us
             wonder
             so
             much
             the
             more
             at
             what
             our
             Merchants
             write
             from
             your
             City
             ,
             that
             they
             are
             not
             permitted
             to
             execute
             our
             Commands
             by
             some
             or
             other
             of
             your
             Order
             and
             Degree
             .
             Certainly
             what
             the
             most
             Potent
             United
             Provinces
             of
             the
             Low
             Countries
             ,
             most
             jealous
             of
             their
             Power
             and
             their
             Interests
             ,
             never
             thought
             any
             way
             belonging
             to
             their
             inspection
             ,
             namely
             whether
             the
             English
             Foreigners
             swore
             Fidelity
             and
             Allegiance
             to
             their
             Magistrates
             at
             home
             ,
             either
             in
             these
             or
             those
             Words
             ,
             how
             that
             should
             come
             to
             be
             so
             suspected
             and
             troublesome
             to
             your
             City
             ,
             we
             must
             plainly
             acknowledge
             that
             we
             do
             not
             understand
             .
             But
             this
             proceeding
             from
             the
             private
             inclinations
             or
             fears
             of
             some
             ,
             whom
             certain
             Vagabond
             Scots
             ,
             expell'd
             their
             Countrey
             ,
             are
             said
             to
             have
             enforc'd
             by
             Menaces
             ,
             on
             purpose
             to
             deter
             our
             Merchants
             
             from
             Swearing
             Fidelity
             to
             us
             ,
             we
             impute
             not
             to
             your
             City
             .
             Most
             earnestly
             therefore
             we
             intreat
             and
             conjure
             ye
             (
             for
             it
             is
             not
             now
             the
             interest
             of
             Trade
             ,
             but
             the
             honour
             of
             the
             Republick
             it self
             that
             lies
             at
             stake
             )
             not
             to
             suffer
             any
             one
             among
             ye
             ,
             who
             can
             have
             no
             reason
             to
             concern
             himself
             in
             this
             Affair
             ,
             to
             interpose
             his
             Authority
             ,
             whatever
             it
             be
             ,
             with
             that
             Supremacy
             which
             we
             challenge
             over
             our
             own
             Subjects
             ,
             not
             by
             the
             judgment
             and
             opinion
             of
             Foreigners
             ,
             but
             by
             the
             Laws
             of
             our
             Country
             ;
             for
             who
             would
             not
             take
             it
             amiss
             ,
             if
             we
             should
             forbid
             your
             Hamburghers
             ,
             residing
             here
             ,
             to
             Swear
             Fidelity
             to
             you
             that
             are
             their
             Magistrates
             at
             Home
             ?
             Farewel
             .
          
           
             
               
                 Jan.
                 4.
                 1649.
                 
              
            
          
        
         
           
           
             To
             the
             Most
             Serene
             and
             Potent
             Prince
             Philip
             the
             Fourth
             ,
             King
             of
             Spain
             .
             The
             Parliament
             of
             the
             Common-wealth
             of
             England
             ,
             Greeting
             .
          
           
             WE
             send
             to
             your
             Majesty
             
               Anthony
               Ascham
            
             ,
             a
             person
             of
             Integrity
             ,
             Learned
             ,
             and
             Descended
             of
             an
             Ancient
             Family
             ,
             to
             Treat
             of
             matters
             very
             advantageous
             ,
             as
             we
             hope
             ,
             as
             well
             to
             the
             Spanish
             ,
             as
             the
             English
             Nation
             .
             Wherefore
             in
             freindly
             manner
             ,
             we
             desire
             that
             you
             would
             be
             pleas'd
             to
             Grant
             ,
             and
             Order
             him
             a
             Safe
             and
             Honourable
             Passage
             to
             your
             Royal
             City
             ,
             and
             the
             same
             in
             his
             return
             from
             thence
             ,
             readily
             prepar'd
             to
             repay
             the
             kindness
             when
             occasion
             offers
             .
             Or
             if
             your
             Majesty
             be
             otherwise
             inclin'd
             ,
             that
             it
             may
             be
             signify'd
             to
             him
             with
             the
             soonest
             ,
             what
             your
             Pleasure
             is
             in
             this
             particular
             ,
             and
             that
             he
             may
             be
             at
             Liberty
             to
             depart
             without
             Molestation
             .
          
           
             
               
                 Feb.
                 4.
                 1649.
                 
              
            
          
        
         
           
           
             To
             the
             Most
             Serene
             and
             Potent
             Prince
             ,
             Philip
             the
             Fourth
             ,
             King
             of
             Spain
             .
             The
             Parliament
             of
             the
             Common-wealth
             of
             England
             ,
             Greeting
             .
          
           
             WHAT
             is
             the
             condition
             of
             our
             Affairs
             ,
             and
             by
             what
             heinous
             Injuries
             provok'd
             and
             broken
             ,
             at
             length
             we
             began
             to
             think
             of
             recovering
             our
             Liberty
             by
             force
             of
             Arms
             ;
             what
             Constituted
             form
             of
             Government
             we
             now
             make
             use
             of
             ,
             can
             neither
             be
             conceal'd
             from
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             nor
             any
             other
             Person
             who
             has
             but
             cast
             an
             impartial
             Eye
             upon
             our
             Writings
             Publish'd
             upon
             these
             Occasions
             .
             Neither
             ought
             we
             to
             think
             it
             a
             difficult
             thing
             ,
             among
             fit
             and
             proper
             judges
             of
             things
             ,
             to
             render
             our
             Fidelity
             ,
             our
             Equity
             ,
             and
             Patience
             ,
             manifest
             to
             all
             men
             ,
             and
             justly
             meriting
             their
             Approbation
             ,
             as
             also
             to
             defend
             our
             Authority
             ,
             Honour
             ,
             and
             Grandeur
             ,
             against
             the
             infamous
             Tongues
             of
             Exiles
             and
             Fugitives
             .
             
             Now
             then
             ,
             as
             to
             what
             is
             more
             the
             concern
             of
             Foreign
             Nations
             ,
             after
             having
             subdu'd
             and
             vanquish'd
             the
             Enemies
             of
             our
             Countrey
             through
             the
             Miraculous
             Assistance
             of
             Heaven
             ,
             we
             openly
             and
             cordially
             profess
             our selves
             readily
             prepar'd
             to
             have
             Peace
             and
             Friendship
             ,
             more
             desirable
             then
             all
             enlargement
             of
             Empire
             ,
             with
             our
             Neighbour
             Nations
             .
             For
             these
             reasons
             we
             have
             sent
             into
             Spain
             to
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             
               Antony
               Ascham
            
             ,
             of
             approv'd
             Dexterity
             and
             Probity
             ,
             to
             treat
             with
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             concerning
             Friendship
             and
             the
             accustom'd
             Commerce
             between
             both
             Nations
             ;
             or
             else
             ,
             if
             it
             be
             your
             Pleasure
             ,
             to
             open
             a
             way
             for
             the
             Ratifying
             of
             new
             Articles
             and
             Alliances
             .
             Our
             request
             therefore
             is
             ,
             that
             you
             will
             grant
             him
             free
             Liberty
             of
             Access
             to
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             and
             give
             such
             Order
             ,
             that
             care
             may
             be
             taken
             of
             his
             Safety
             and
             his
             Honour
             ,
             while
             he
             resides
             a
             Publick
             Minister
             with
             your
             Majesty
             ;
             to
             the
             end
             he
             may
             freely
             propose
             what
             he
             has
             in
             charge
             
             from
             us
             ,
             for
             the
             Benefit
             ,
             as
             we
             hope
             of
             both
             Nations
             ;
             and
             certifie
             to
             us
             with
             the
             soonest
             ,
             what
             are
             your
             Majesty's
             sentiments
             concerning
             these
             matters
             .
          
           
             
               Westminster
               ,
               
                 Feb.
                 4.
                 1649.
                 
              
            
          
        
         
           
             To
             the
             Most
             Serene
             Prince
             ,
             John
             the
             Fourth
             ,
             King
             of
             Portugal
             .
             The
             Parliament
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             Greeting
             .
          
           
             AFTER
             we
             had
             suffer'd
             many
             ,
             and
             those
             the
             utmost
             Mischiefs
             of
             a
             Faithless
             Peace
             ,
             and
             intestine
             War
             ,
             Our
             being
             reduc'd
             to
             those
             Exigences
             ,
             that
             if
             we
             had
             any
             regard
             to
             the
             safety
             of
             the
             Republick
             ,
             there
             was
             a
             necessity
             of
             altering
             for
             the
             chiefest
             part
             the
             form
             of
             Government
             ,
             is
             a
             thing
             which
             we
             make
             no
             question
             is
             well
             known
             to
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             by
             what
             we
             have
             both
             publickly
             Written
             and
             declar'd
             in
             justification
             of
             our
             Proceedings
             .
             To
             which
             ,
             
             as
             it
             is
             but
             reason
             ,
             if
             credit
             might
             be
             rather
             given
             ,
             then
             to
             the
             most
             malicious
             Calumnies
             of
             Loose
             and
             Wicked
             men
             ;
             perhaps
             we
             should
             find
             those
             persons
             more
             amicably
             inclin'd
             ,
             who
             now
             abroad
             have
             the
             worst
             sentiments
             of
             our
             actions
             .
             For
             as
             to
             what
             we
             justifie
             our selves
             to
             have
             justly
             and
             strenuously
             perform'd
             after
             the
             Example
             of
             our
             Ancestors
             ,
             in
             pursuance
             of
             our
             Rights
             ,
             and
             for
             recovery
             of
             the
             native
             Liberty
             of
             English-men
             ,
             certainly
             it
             is
             not
             the
             work
             of
             Human
             force
             or
             wit
             to
             eradicate
             the
             perverse
             and
             obstinate
             Opinions
             of
             People
             wickedly
             inclin'd
             concerning
             what
             we
             have
             done
             .
             But
             after
             all
             ,
             in
             reference
             to
             what
             is
             common
             to
             us
             with
             all
             Foreign
             Nations
             ,
             and
             more
             for
             the
             general
             interest
             on
             both
             sides
             ,
             we
             are
             willing
             to
             let
             the
             world
             know
             ,
             that
             there
             is
             nothing
             which
             we
             more
             ardently
             desire
             ,
             then
             that
             the
             Friendship
             and
             Commerce
             which
             our
             People
             have
             been
             accustom'd
             to
             maintain
             
             with
             all
             our
             Neighbours
             ,
             should
             be
             enlarg'd
             and
             settled
             in
             the
             most
             ample
             and
             solemn
             manner
             .
             And
             whereas
             our
             People
             have
             always
             driven
             a
             very
             great
             Trade
             ,
             and
             gainful
             to
             both
             Nations
             ,
             in
             your
             Kingdom
             ;
             we
             shall
             take
             care
             ,
             as
             much
             as
             in
             us
             lies
             ,
             that
             they
             may
             not
             meet
             with
             any
             Impediment
             to
             interrupt
             their
             dealings
             .
             However
             ,
             we
             foresee
             that
             all
             our
             Industry
             will
             be
             in
             vain
             ,
             if
             ,
             as
             it
             is
             reported
             ,
             the
             Pyrates
             and
             Revolters
             of
             our
             Nation
             shall
             be
             suffer'd
             to
             have
             Refuge
             in
             your
             Ports
             ,
             and
             after
             they
             have
             taken
             and
             plunder'd
             the
             Laden
             Vessels
             of
             the
             English
             ,
             shall
             be
             permitted
             to
             sell
             their
             Goods
             by
             Publick
             Outcries
             at
             Lisbon
             .
             To
             the
             end
             therefore
             that
             a
             more
             speedy
             remedy
             may
             be
             apply'd
             to
             this
             growing
             Mischief
             ,
             and
             that
             we
             may
             be
             more
             clearly
             satisfy'd
             concerning
             the
             Peace
             which
             we
             desire
             ,
             we
             have
             sent
             to
             
               Your
               Majesty
            
             the
             most
             Noble
             
               Charles
               Vane
            
             ,
             under
             the
             Character
             of
             our
             Agent
             ,
             with
             Instructions
             and
             a
             
             Commission
             ,
             a
             plenary
             Testimonial
             of
             the
             Trust
             we
             have
             repos'd
             ,
             and
             the
             employment
             we
             have
             conferr'd
             upon
             him
             .
             Him
             therefore
             we
             most
             earnestly
             desire
             your
             Majesty
             graciously
             to
             hear
             ,
             to
             give
             him
             Credit
             ,
             and
             to
             take
             such
             Order
             ,
             that
             he
             may
             be
             safe
             in
             his
             Person
             and
             his
             Honour
             within
             the
             bounds
             of
             your
             Dominions
             .
             These
             things
             ,
             as
             they
             will
             be
             most
             acceptable
             to
             us
             ,
             so
             we
             promise
             ,
             whenever
             occasion
             offers
             ,
             that
             the
             same
             offices
             of
             kindness
             to
             your
             Majesty
             shall
             be
             mutually
             observ'd
             on
             all
             our
             parts
             .
          
           
             
               Westminster
               ,
               
                 Feb.
                 4.
                 1649.
                 
              
            
          
        
         
           
             To
             the
             Most
             Serene
             Prince
             ,
             John
             the
             Fourth
             ,
             King
             of
             Portugal
             .
             The
             Parliament
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             Greeting
             .
          
           
             ALmost
             daily
             and
             most
             grievous
             complaints
             are
             brought
             before
             us
             ,
             that
             certain
             of
             our
             Seamen
             and
             
             Officers
             ,
             who
             revolted
             from
             us
             the
             last
             year
             ,
             and
             Treacherously
             and
             Wickedly
             carry'd
             away
             the
             Ships
             with
             the
             Command
             of
             which
             they
             were
             entrusted
             ,
             and
             who
             having
             made
             their
             escape
             from
             the
             Port
             of
             Ireland
             ,
             where
             being
             blockt
             up
             for
             almost
             a
             whole
             Summer
             together
             ,
             they
             very
             narrowly
             avoided
             the
             punishment
             due
             to
             their
             Crimes
             ,
             have
             now
             betaken
             themselves
             to
             the
             Coast
             of
             Portugal
             ,
             and
             the
             mouth
             of
             the
             River
             Tagus
             ;
             that
             there
             they
             practice
             furious
             Pyracy
             ,
             Taking
             and
             Plundering
             all
             the
             English
             Vessels
             they
             meet
             with
             Sailing
             to
             and
             fro
             upon
             the
             account
             of
             Trade
             ,
             and
             that
             all
             the
             adjoining
             Seas
             are
             become
             almost
             impassible
             by
             reason
             of
             their
             notorious
             and
             infamous
             Robberies
             .
             To
             which
             increasing
             Mischief
             ,
             unless
             a
             speedy
             Remedy
             be
             apply'd
             ,
             who
             does
             not
             see
             but
             that
             there
             will
             be
             a
             final
             end
             of
             that
             vast
             Trade
             so
             gainful
             to
             both
             Nations
             ,
             which
             our
             People
             were
             wont
             to
             drive
             with
             the
             Portugueses
             ?
             Wherefore
             
             we
             again
             and
             again
             request
             
               Your
               Majesty
            
             ,
             that
             you
             will
             command
             those
             Pyrates
             and
             Revolters
             to
             depart
             the
             Territories
             of
             Portugal
             :
             And
             that
             if
             any
             pretended
             Embassadors
             present
             themselves
             from
             *******
             that
             you
             will
             not
             vouchsafe
             to
             give
             them
             Audience
             ;
             but
             that
             you
             will
             rather
             acknowledge
             us
             ,
             upon
             whom
             the
             Supream
             Power
             of
             England
             ,
             by
             the
             Conspicuous
             Favour
             and
             Assistance
             of
             the
             Almighty
             ,
             is
             devolv'd
             ;
             and
             that
             the
             Ports
             and
             Rivers
             of
             Portugal
             ,
             may
             not
             be
             barr'd
             and
             defended
             against
             your
             Friends
             and
             Confederates
             Fleet
             ,
             no
             less
             serviceable
             to
             your
             Emolument
             ,
             then
             the
             Trade
             of
             the
             English
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             To
             Philip
             the
             Fourth
             ,
             King
             of
             Spain
             .
          
           
             HOW
             heinously
             ,
             and
             with
             what
             Detestation
             your
             Majesty
             resented
             the
             Villanous
             Murder
             of
             our
             Agent
             ,
             
               Anthony
               Ascham
            
             ,
             and
             what
             has
             hitherto
             been
             done
             in
             the
             Prosecution
             and
             Punishment
             of
             his
             Assassinates
             ,
             we
             have
             been
             given
             to
             understand
             ,
             as
             well
             by
             your
             Majesty
             's
             own
             Letters
             ,
             as
             from
             your
             Embassador
             
               Don
               Alphonso
               de
               Cardenos
            
             .
             Nevertheless
             ,
             so
             often
             as
             we
             consider
             the
             horridness
             of
             that
             bloody
             Fact
             ,
             which
             utterly
             subverts
             the
             very
             Foundations
             of
             Correspondence
             and
             Commerce
             and
             of
             the
             Privilege
             of
             Embassadors
             ,
             most
             sacred
             among
             all
             Nations
             ,
             so
             villanously
             violated
             without
             severity
             of
             punishment
             ,
             we
             cannot
             but
             with
             utmost
             importunity
             repeat
             our
             most
             urgent
             Suit
             to
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             That
             those
             Parricides
             may
             with
             all
             the
             Speed
             imaginable
             be
             brought
             to
             Justice
             ,
             and
             that
             you
             
             would
             not
             suffer
             their
             merited
             Pains
             to
             be
             suspended
             any
             longer
             by
             any
             delay
             or
             pretence
             of
             Religion
             .
             For
             tho
             most
             certainly
             we
             highly
             value
             the
             Friendship
             of
             a
             Potent
             Prince
             ;
             yet
             it
             behoves
             us
             to
             use
             our
             utmost
             endeavours
             ,
             that
             the
             Authors
             of
             such
             an
             enormous
             Parricide
             should
             receive
             the
             deserved
             Reward
             of
             their
             Impiety
             .
             Indeed
             ,
             we
             cannot
             but
             with
             a
             grateful
             mind
             acknowledge
             that
             Civility
             ,
             of
             which
             by
             your
             Command
             ,
             our
             People
             were
             not
             unsensible
             ,
             as
             also
             your
             surpassing
             Affection
             for
             us
             ,
             which
             lately
             your
             Embassador
             at
             large
             unfolded
             to
             us
             :
             Nor
             will
             it
             be
             displeasing
             to
             us
             to
             return
             the
             same
             good
             Offices
             to
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             and
             the
             Spanish
             Nation
             ,
             whenever
             opportunity
             offers
             .
             Nevertheless
             ,
             if
             Justice
             be
             not
             satisfy'd
             without
             delay
             ,
             which
             we
             still
             most
             earnestly
             request
             ,
             we
             see
             not
             upon
             what
             foundations
             a
             sincere
             and
             lasting
             Friendship
             can
             subsist
             .
             For
             the
             preservation
             of
             which
             ,
             however
             ,
             we
             shall
             omit
             
             no
             just
             and
             laudable
             occasion
             ;
             to
             which
             purpose
             we
             are
             likewise
             apt
             to
             believe
             that
             the
             presence
             of
             your
             Ambassador
             does
             not
             a
             little
             conduce
             .
          
        
         
           
             To
             the
             Spanish
             Embassador
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Eccellent
               Lord
               ,
            
          
           
             THe
             Council
             of
             State
             ,
             so
             soon
             as
             their
             weighty
             Affairs
             would
             permit
             'em
             ,
             having
             carried
             into
             Parlament
             the
             four
             Writings
             ,
             which
             it
             pleas'd
             your
             Excellency
             to
             impart
             to
             the
             Council
             upon
             the
             19th
             of
             December
             last
             ,
             have
             receiv'd
             in
             Command
             from
             the
             Parlament
             to
             return
             this
             Answer
             to
             the
             first
             Head
             of
             those
             Writings
             ,
             touching
             the
             villanous
             Assassinates
             of
             their
             late
             Agent
             ,
             
               Anthony
               Ascham
            
             .
          
           
             The
             Parlament
             have
             so
             long
             time
             ,
             so
             often
             ,
             and
             so
             justly
             demanded
             their
             being
             brought
             to
             deserved
             Punishment
             ,
             
             that
             there
             needs
             nothing
             further
             to
             be
             said
             on
             a
             thing
             of
             so
             great
             importance
             ,
             wherein
             (
             as
             your
             Excellency
             well
             observ'd
             )
             his
             Royal
             Majesty's
             Authority
             it self
             is
             so
             deeply
             concern'd
             ,
             that
             unless
             Justice
             be
             done
             upon
             such
             notorious
             Offenders
             ,
             all
             the
             foundations
             of
             Humane
             Society
             ,
             all
             the
             ways
             of
             preserving
             Friendship
             among
             Nations
             ,
             of
             necessity
             must
             be
             overturn'd
             and
             abolish'd
             .
             Nor
             can
             we
             apprehend
             by
             any
             argument
             drawn
             from
             Religion
             ,
             that
             the
             Blood
             of
             the
             Innocent
             ,
             shed
             by
             a
             propensely
             malicious
             Murder
             ,
             is
             not
             to
             be
             aveng'd
             .
             The
             Parlament
             therefore
             once
             more
             most
             urgently
             presses
             ,
             and
             expects
             from
             his
             Royal
             Majesty
             ,
             according
             to
             their
             first
             demands
             ,
             That
             satifaction
             be
             given
             'em
             effectually
             ,
             and
             sincerely
             in
             this
             matter
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             To
             the
             Most
             Serene
             Prince
             Leopold
             ,
             Archduke
             of
             Austria
             ,
             Governor
             of
             the
             Spanish
             Low-Countries
             ,
             under
             King
             Philip.
             
          
           
             SO
             soon
             as
             word
             was
             brought
             us
             ,
             not
             without
             a
             most
             grevious
             complaint
             ,
             that
             
               Jane
               Puckering
            
             ,
             an
             Heiress
             of
             an
             Illustrious
             and
             Opulent
             Family
             ,
             while
             yet
             by
             reason
             of
             her
             Age
             ,
             she
             was
             under
             Guardians
             ,
             not
             far
             from
             the
             House
             wherein
             she
             then
             liv'd
             at
             Greenwich
             ,
             was
             violently
             forc'd
             from
             the
             Hands
             and
             Embraces
             of
             her
             Attendants
             ;
             and
             of
             a
             sudden
             in
             a
             Vessel
             to
             that
             purpose
             ready
             prepar'd
             ,
             carri'd
             off
             into
             Flanders
             ,
             by
             the
             treachery
             of
             one
             Walsh
             ,
             who
             has
             endeavour'd
             all
             the
             ways
             imaginable
             ,
             in
             contempt
             of
             Law
             both
             Human
             and
             Divine
             ,
             to
             constrain
             a
             Wealthy
             Virgin
             to
             marriage
             ,
             even
             by
             terrifying
             her
             with
             Menaces
             of
             present
             Death
             .
             We
             deeming
             it
             proper
             to
             apply
             some
             
             speedy
             remedy
             to
             so
             enormous
             and
             unheard-of
             a
             piece
             of
             Villany
             ,
             gave
             order
             to
             some
             Persons
             to
             treat
             with
             the
             Governours
             of
             Newport
             and
             Ostend
             (
             for
             the
             Unfortunate
             Captive
             was
             said
             to
             be
             landed
             in
             one
             of
             those
             two
             places
             )
             about
             rescuing
             the
             Free-born
             Lady
             out
             of
             the
             Hands
             of
             the
             Ravisher
             .
             Who
             ,
             both
             out
             of
             their
             singular
             Humanity
             and
             Love
             of
             Virtue
             ,
             lent
             their
             assisting
             aid
             to
             the
             young
             Virgin
             in
             servitude
             ,
             and
             by
             down-right
             Robbery
             rifl'd
             from
             her
             Habitation
             :
             So
             that
             to
             avoid
             the
             violence
             of
             her
             Imperious
             Masters
             ,
             she
             was
             as
             it
             were
             deposited
             in
             a
             Nunnery
             ,
             and
             committed
             to
             the
             charge
             of
             the
             Governess
             of
             the
             Society
             .
             Wherefore
             the
             same
             Walsh
             to
             get
             her
             again
             into
             his
             Clutches
             ,
             has
             commenc'd
             a
             Suit
             against
             her
             in
             the
             Ecclesiastical
             Court
             of
             the
             Bishop
             of
             Ypre
             ,
             pretending
             a
             Matrimonial
             Contract
             between
             him
             and
             her
             .
             Now
             in
             regard
             that
             both
             the
             Ravisher
             and
             the
             Ravish'd
             person
             are
             Natives
             of
             
             our
             Countrey
             ,
             as
             by
             the
             Witnesses
             upon
             their
             Oaths
             abundantly
             appears
             ;
             as
             also
             for
             that
             the
             splendid
             Inheritance
             after
             which
             most
             certainly
             the
             Criminal
             chiefly
             gape
             ,
             lies
             within
             our
             Territories
             ;
             so
             that
             we
             conceive
             that
             the
             whole
             cognizance
             and
             determination
             of
             this
             Cause
             belongs
             solely
             to
             our selves
             .
             Therefore
             let
             him
             repair
             hither
             ,
             he
             who
             calls
             himself
             the
             Husband
             ,
             here
             let
             him
             commence
             his
             Suit
             ,
             and
             demand
             the
             delivery
             of
             the
             Person
             whom
             he
             claims
             for
             his
             Wife
             .
             In
             the
             mean
             time
             ,
             this
             it
             is
             that
             we
             most
             earnestly
             request
             from
             your
             Highness
             ,
             which
             is
             no
             more
             then
             what
             we
             have
             already
             requested
             by
             our
             Agent
             residing
             at
             Brussels
             ,
             that
             you
             will
             permit
             an
             afflicted
             and
             many
             ways
             misus'd
             Virgin
             ,
             Born
             of
             Honest
             Parents
             ,
             but
             Pyrated
             out
             of
             her
             Native
             Countrey
             ,
             to
             Return
             ,
             as
             far
             as
             lies
             in
             your
             power
             ,
             with
             Freedom
             and
             Safety
             home
             agen
             .
             This
             not
             only
             we
             ,
             upon
             all
             opportunities
             offer'd
             ,
             
             as
             readily
             prepar'd
             to
             return
             the
             same
             Favour
             and
             Kindness
             to
             your
             Highness
             ,
             but
             also
             Humanity
             it self
             ,
             and
             that
             same
             hatred
             of
             Infamy
             ,
             which
             ought
             to
             accompany
             all
             persons
             of
             Vertue
             and
             Courage
             ,
             in
             defending
             the
             Honour
             of
             the
             Female
             Sex
             ,
             seem
             altogether
             joyntly
             to
             require
             at
             your
             hands
             .
          
           
             
               Westminster
               ,
               
                 March
                 28.
                 1650.
                 
              
            
          
        
         
           
             To
             the
             Most
             Serene
             Prince
             ,
             John
             the
             Fourth
             ,
             King
             of
             Portugal
             .
          
           
             UNderstanding
             that
             
               Your
               Majesty
            
             had
             both
             Honourably
             receiv'd
             our
             Agent
             ,
             and
             immediately
             given
             him
             a
             favourable
             Audience
             ,
             we
             thought
             it
             became
             us
             to
             assure
             your
             Majesty
             without
             delay
             ,
             by
             speedy
             Letters
             from
             us
             ,
             That
             nothing
             could
             happen
             more
             acceptable
             to
             us
             ,
             and
             that
             there
             is
             nothing
             which
             we
             have
             decreed
             more
             sacred
             ,
             then
             not
             to
             violate
             by
             any
             word
             or
             deed
             of
             ours
             ,
             
             not
             first
             provok'd
             ,
             the
             Peace
             ,
             the
             Friendship
             and
             Commerce
             ,
             now
             for
             some
             time
             settl'd
             between
             us
             and
             the
             greatest
             number
             of
             other
             Foreign
             Nations
             ,
             and
             amongst
             the
             rest
             with
             the
             Portugheses
             .
             Nor
             did
             we
             send
             the
             English
             Fleet
             to
             the
             Mouth
             of
             the
             River
             Tagus
             with
             any
             other
             intention
             or
             design
             ,
             then
             in
             pursuit
             of
             Enemies
             so
             often
             put
             to
             flight
             ,
             and
             for
             recovery
             of
             our
             Vessels
             ,
             which
             being
             carry'd
             away
             from
             their
             Owners
             by
             Force
             and
             Treachery
             ,
             the
             same
             Rabble
             of
             Fugitives
             conducted
             to
             your
             Coasts
             ,
             and
             even
             to
             Lisbon
             it self
             ,
             as
             to
             the
             most
             certain
             Fairs
             for
             the
             Sale
             of
             their
             Plunder
             .
             But
             we
             are
             apt
             to
             believe
             that
             by
             this
             time
             almost
             all
             the
             Portugheses
             are
             abundantly
             convinc'd
             ,
             from
             the
             Flagitious
             manners
             of
             those
             People
             ,
             of
             their
             Audaciousness
             ,
             their
             Fury
             and
             their
             Madness
             .
             Which
             is
             the
             reason
             we
             are
             in
             hopes
             that
             we
             shall
             more
             easily
             obtain
             from
             your
             Majesty
             ;
             First
             ,
             That
             you
             will
             ,
             as
             far
             as
             in
             you
             lies
             ,
             be
             assistant
             to
             the
             
             most
             Illustrious
             
               Edward
               Popham
            
             ,
             whom
             we
             have
             made
             Admiral
             of
             our
             New
             Fleet
             ,
             for
             the
             subduing
             those
             detested
             Freebooters
             ;
             and
             that
             you
             will
             no
             longer
             suffer
             'em
             together
             with
             their
             Captain
             ,
             not
             Guests
             ,
             but
             Pyrates
             ;
             not
             Merchants
             ,
             but
             the
             Pests
             of
             Commerce
             ,
             and
             Violaters
             of
             the
             Law
             of
             Nations
             ,
             to
             Harbour
             in
             the
             Ports
             and
             under
             the
             shelter
             of
             the
             Fortresses
             of
             your
             Kingdom
             ;
             but
             that
             where-ever
             the
             Confines
             of
             Portugal
             extend
             themselves
             ,
             you
             will
             Command
             'em
             to
             be
             Expell'd
             as
             well
             by
             Land
             as
             by
             Sea.
             Or
             if
             you
             are
             unwilling
             to
             proceed
             to
             that
             extremity
             ,
             at
             least
             that
             with
             your
             leave
             it
             may
             be
             lawful
             for
             us
             with
             our
             proper
             Forces
             to
             assail
             our
             own
             Revolters
             and
             Sea
             Robbers
             ,
             and
             if
             it
             be
             the
             pleasure
             of
             Heaven
             ,
             to
             reduce
             'em
             into
             our
             Power
             .
             This
             ,
             as
             we
             have
             earnestly
             desired
             in
             our
             former
             Letters
             ,
             so
             now
             again
             with
             the
             greatest
             ardency
             and
             importunity
             we
             request
             of
             your
             Majesty
             .
             By
             this
             ,
             whether
             
             equity
             ,
             or
             act
             of
             kindness
             ,
             you
             will
             not
             only
             enlarge
             the
             fame
             of
             your
             Justice
             over
             all
             well
             Govern'd
             and
             Civil
             Nations
             ,
             but
             also
             in
             a
             greater
             measure
             bind
             both
             us
             and
             the
             People
             of
             England
             ,
             who
             never
             yet
             had
             other
             then
             a
             good
             opinion
             of
             the
             Portugheses
             ,
             to
             your self
             and
             to
             your
             Subjects
             .
             Farewel
             .
          
           
             
               Westminster
               ,
               
                 27.
                 
                 April
                 .
                 1650.
                 
              
            
          
        
         
           
             To
             the
             Hamburghers
             .
          
           
             MORE
             then
             once
             we
             have
             Written
             concerning
             the
             controversies
             of
             the
             Merchants
             ,
             and
             some
             other
             things
             which
             more
             nearly
             concern
             the
             Dignity
             of
             our
             Republick
             ,
             yet
             no
             Answer
             has
             been
             return'd
             .
             But
             understanding
             that
             Affairs
             of
             that
             nature
             can
             hardly
             be
             determin'd
             by
             Letters
             onely
             ,
             and
             that
             in
             the
             mean
             time
             certain
             Seditious
             Persons
             have
             been
             sent
             to
             your
             City
             by
             *******
             Authoriz'd
             with
             no
             
             other
             Commission
             then
             that
             of
             Malice
             and
             Audaciousness
             ,
             who
             make
             it
             their
             business
             utterly
             to
             extirpate
             the
             ancient
             Trade
             of
             our
             People
             in
             your
             City
             ,
             especially
             of
             those
             whose
             fidelity
             to
             their
             Countrey
             is
             most
             conspicuous
             ;
             Therefore
             we
             have
             commanded
             the
             worthy
             and
             most
             eminent
             
               Richard
               Bradshaw
            
             to
             reside
             as
             our
             Agent
             among
             ye
             ;
             to
             the
             end
             he
             may
             be
             able
             more
             at
             large
             to
             Treat
             and
             Negotiate
             with
             your
             Lordships
             such
             Matters
             and
             Affairs
             ,
             as
             are
             interwoven
             with
             the
             Benefit
             and
             Advantages
             of
             both
             Republicks
             .
             Him
             therefore
             we
             request
             ye
             ,
             with
             the
             soonest
             to
             admit
             to
             a
             favourable
             Audience
             ;
             and
             that
             in
             all
             things
             that
             Credit
             may
             be
             given
             to
             him
             ,
             that
             Honour
             paid
             him
             ,
             as
             is
             usually
             in
             all
             Countries
             ,
             and
             among
             all
             Nations
             paid
             to
             those
             that
             bear
             his
             Character
             .
             Farewel
             .
          
           
             
               Westminster
               ,
               
                 April
                 2.
                 1650.
                 
              
            
          
        
         
           
           
             To
             the
             Hamburghers
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Noble
               ,
               Magnificent
               ,
               and
               Illustrious
               ,
               our
               dearest
               Friends
               .
            
          
           
             THAT
             your
             sedulities
             in
             the
             Reception
             of
             our
             Agent
             were
             so
             cordial
             and
             so
             egregious
             ,
             we
             both
             gladly
             understand
             ,
             and
             earnestly
             exhort
             ye
             ,
             that
             you
             would
             persevere
             in
             your
             good
             Will
             and
             Affection
             toward
             us
             .
             And
             this
             we
             do
             with
             so
             much
             the
             greater
             vehemence
             ,
             as
             being
             inform'd
             that
             the
             same
             Exiles
             of
             ours
             ,
             concerning
             whom
             we
             have
             so
             frequently
             Written
             ,
             now
             carry
             themselves
             more
             insolently
             in
             your
             City
             then
             they
             were
             wont
             to
             do
             ,
             and
             that
             they
             not
             only
             openly
             Affront
             ,
             but
             give
             out
             threatning
             Language
             in
             a
             most
             despiteful
             manner
             against
             our
             Resident
             .
             Therefore
             once
             more
             by
             these
             our
             Letters
             we
             would
             have
             the
             safety
             of
             his
             Person
             ,
             and
             the
             honour
             due
             to
             his
             Quality
             ,
             recommended
             to
             your
             Care.
             On
             
             the
             other
             side
             ,
             if
             you
             inflict
             severe
             and
             timely
             Punishment
             upon
             those
             Fugitives
             and
             Ruffians
             ,
             as
             well
             the
             old
             ones
             as
             the
             new
             comers
             ;
             it
             will
             be
             most
             acceptable
             to
             us
             ,
             and
             becoming
             your
             Authority
             and
             Prudence
             .
          
           
             
               Westminster
               ,
               
                 May
                 31.
                 1650.
                 
              
            
          
        
         
           
             To
             Philip
             the
             Fourth
             ,
             King
             of
             Spain
             .
          
           
             TO
             our
             infinite
             sorrow
             we
             are
             given
             to
             understand
             ,
             That
             
               Antony
               Ascham
            
             ,
             by
             us
             lately
             sent
             our
             Agent
             to
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             and
             under
             that
             Character
             most
             Civilly
             and
             Publickly
             receiv'd
             by
             your
             Governours
             ;
             upon
             his
             first
             coming
             to
             your
             Royal
             City
             ,
             naked
             of
             all
             defence
             and
             guard
             ,
             was
             most
             bloodily
             Murther'd
             in
             a
             certain
             Inn
             ,
             together
             with
             
               John
               Baptistade
               Ripa
            
             his
             Interpreter
             ,
             Butchered
             at
             the
             same
             time
             .
             Wherefore
             we
             most
             earnestly
             request
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             That
             deserved
             Punishment
             may
             be
             speedily
             inflicted
             upon
             those
             Parricides
             
             already
             apprehended
             ,
             as
             it
             is
             reported
             ,
             and
             committed
             to
             Custody
             ,
             who
             have
             not
             only
             presum'd
             to
             wound
             our selves
             through
             his
             sides
             ,
             but
             have
             also
             dar'd
             to
             Stabb
             ,
             as
             it
             were
             ,
             to
             the
             very
             heart
             ▪
             your
             Faith
             of
             Word
             and
             Royal
             Honour
             .
             So
             that
             we
             make
             no
             question
             but
             what
             we
             so
             ardently
             desire
             would
             nevertheless
             be
             done
             effectually
             by
             a
             Prince
             of
             his
             own
             accord
             so
             Just
             and
             Pious
             ,
             though
             no
             body
             requir'd
             it
             .
             As
             to
             what
             remains
             ,
             we
             make
             it
             our
             farther
             suit
             ,
             That
             the
             breathless
             Carkass
             may
             be
             deliver'd
             to
             his
             Friends
             and
             Attendants
             to
             be
             brought
             back
             and
             Enterr'd
             in
             his
             own
             Countrey
             ,
             and
             that
             such
             care
             may
             be
             taken
             for
             the
             security
             of
             those
             that
             remain
             alive
             ,
             as
             is
             but
             requisite
             ,
             till
             having
             obtain'd
             an
             Answer
             to
             these
             Letters
             ,
             if
             it
             may
             be
             done
             ,
             they
             shall
             return
             to
             us
             the
             Witnesses
             of
             your
             Piety
             and
             Justice
             .
          
           
             
               Westminster
               ,
               
                 June
                 28.
                 1650.
                 
              
            
          
        
         
           
           
             To
             the
             most
             Excellent
             Lord
             ,
             
               Anthony
               John
               Lewis
               dela
               Cerda
            
             ,
             Duke
             of
             
               Medina
               Celi
            
             ,
             Governor
             of
             Andalusia
             .
             The
             Council
             of
             State
             constituted
             by
             Authority
             of
             Parliament
             :
             Greeting
             .
          
           
             WE
             have
             receiv'd
             Advice
             from
             those
             most
             Accomplish'd
             Persons
             ,
             whom
             we
             lately
             sent
             with
             our
             Fleet
             into
             Portugal
             in
             pursuit
             of
             Traytors
             ,
             and
             for
             the
             recovery
             of
             our
             Vessels
             ,
             that
             they
             were
             most
             civilly
             receiv'd
             by
             your
             Excellency
             ,
             as
             often
             as
             they
             happen'd
             to
             touch
             upon
             the
             Coast
             of
             Gallaecia
             ,
             which
             is
             under
             your
             Government
             ,
             and
             assisted
             with
             all
             things
             necessary
             to
             those
             that
             perform
             long
             Voyages
             .
             This
             Civility
             of
             yours
             ,
             as
             it
             was
             always
             most
             accept●ble
             to
             us
             ,
             so
             it
             is
             now
             more
             especially
             at
             this
             time
             ,
             while
             we
             are
             sensible
             of
             the
             ill
             will
             of
             others
             in
             some
             places
             towards
             us
             without
             any
             just
             cause
             giv'n
             on
             our
             side
             .
             
             Therefore
             we
             make
             it
             our
             request
             to
             your
             
               Illustrious
               Lordship
            
             ,
             that
             you
             will
             persevere
             in
             the
             same
             good
             Will
             and
             Affection
             to
             us
             ,
             and
             that
             you
             would
             continue
             your
             Favour
             and
             Assistance
             to
             our
             People
             ,
             according
             to
             your
             wonted
             Civility
             ,
             as
             often
             as
             our
             Ships
             put
             in
             to
             your
             Harbours
             :
             and
             be
             assur'd
             that
             there
             is
             nothing
             which
             we
             desire
             of
             your
             Lordship
             in
             the
             way
             of
             Kindness
             ,
             which
             we
             shall
             not
             be
             ready
             to
             repay
             both
             to
             you
             and
             yours
             ,
             whenever
             the
             like
             occasion
             shall
             be
             offer'd
             us
             .
          
           
             
               Westminster
               ,
               
                 Nov.
                 7.
                 1650.
                 
              
            
             Seal'd
             with
             the
             Seal
             of
             the
             Council
             ,
             
               J.
               Bradshaw
               ,
               President
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             To
             the
             Illustrious
             and
             Magnificent
             Senate
             of
             the
             City
             of
             Dantzick
             .
          
           
             
               Magnificent
               and
               Most
               Noble
               Lords
               ,
               our
               dearest
               Friends
               ,
            
          
           
             MAny
             Letters
             are
             brought
             us
             from
             our
             Merchants
             trading
             upon
             the
             Coast
             of
             Borussia
             ,
             wherein
             
             they
             complain
             of
             a
             grievous
             Tribute
             impos'd
             upon
             'em
             in
             the
             Grand
             Council
             of
             the
             Polanders
             ,
             enforcing
             'em
             to
             pay
             the
             Tenth
             part
             of
             all
             their
             Goods
             for
             the
             Relief
             of
             the
             King
             of
             Scots
             ,
             our
             Enemy
             .
             Which
             in
             regard
             it
             is
             plainly
             contrary
             to
             the
             Law
             of
             Nations
             ,
             that
             Guests
             and
             Strangers
             should
             be
             dealt
             withal
             in
             such
             a
             manner
             ;
             and
             most
             unjust
             that
             they
             should
             be
             compell'd
             to
             pay
             publick
             Stipends
             in
             a
             Foreign
             Common-wealth
             to
             him
             from
             whom
             they
             are
             ,
             by
             God's
             Assistance
             ,
             deliver'd
             at
             home
             ;
             we
             make
             no
             question
             but
             that
             out
             of
             respect
             to
             that
             Liberty
             ,
             which
             as
             we
             understand
             you
             your selves
             enjoy
             ,
             you
             will
             not
             suffer
             so
             heavy
             a
             Burthen
             to
             be
             laid
             upon
             Merchants
             in
             your
             City
             ,
             wherein
             they
             have
             maintain'd
             a
             continual
             Amity
             and
             Commerce
             ,
             to
             the
             extraordinary
             Advantage
             of
             the
             place
             for
             many
             years
             together
             .
             If
             therefore
             you
             think
             it
             convenient
             to
             undertake
             the
             Protection
             of
             our
             Merchants
             trading
             among
             
             ye
             ,
             which
             we
             assuredly
             expect
             as
             well
             from
             your
             Prudence
             and
             Equity
             ,
             as
             from
             the
             Dignity
             and
             Grandure
             of
             your
             City
             ;
             We
             shall
             take
             that
             care
             ,
             that
             you
             shall
             be
             sensible
             from
             time
             to
             time
             ,
             of
             our
             grateful
             Acceptance
             of
             your
             Kindness
             ,
             as
             often
             as
             the
             Dantzichers
             shall
             have
             any
             dealings
             within
             our
             Territories
             ,
             or
             their
             Ships
             ,
             as
             frequently
             it
             happens
             ,
             put
             into
             our
             Ports
             .
          
           
             
               Westminster
               ,
               
                 Febr.
                 6.
                 1650.
                 
              
            
          
        
         
           
             To
             the
             Portugal
             Agent
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Illustrious
               Lord
               ,
            
          
           
             WE
             receiv'd
             your
             Letters
             dated
             from
             Hampton
             the
             15th
             of
             this
             Month
             ,
             wherein
             you
             signify
             ,
             That
             you
             are
             sent
             by
             the
             King
             of
             Portugal
             to
             the
             Parlament
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ;
             but
             say
             not
             under
             what
             Character
             ,
             whether
             of
             Embassador
             ,
             or
             Agent
             ,
             or
             Envoy
             ,
             
             which
             we
             would
             willingly
             understand
             by
             your
             Credential
             Letters
             from
             the
             King
             ,
             a
             Copy
             of
             which
             you
             may
             send
             us
             with
             all
             the
             speed
             you
             can
             .
             We
             would
             also
             further
             know
             ,
             whether
             you
             come
             with
             a
             Plenary
             Commission
             ,
             to
             give
             us
             satisfaction
             for
             the
             Injuries
             ,
             and
             to
             make
             Reparation
             for
             the
             Damages
             which
             your
             King
             has
             done
             this
             Republick
             ,
             protecting
             our
             Enemy
             all
             the
             last
             Summer
             in
             his
             Harbours
             ,
             and
             prohibiting
             the
             English
             Fleet
             ,
             then
             ready
             to
             assail
             Rebels
             and
             Fugitives
             ,
             which
             our
             Admiral
             had
             pursu'd
             so
             far
             ;
             but
             never
             restraining
             the
             Enemy
             from
             falling
             upon
             ours
             .
             If
             you
             return
             us
             word
             that
             you
             have
             ample
             and
             fu●l
             Commission
             to
             give
             us
             satisfaction
             concerning
             all
             these
             matters
             ,
             and
             send
             us
             withal
             a
             Copy
             of
             your
             Recommendatory
             Letters
             ,
             we
             shall
             then
             take
             care
             ,
             that
             you
             may
             with
             all
             speed
             repair
             to
             us
             upon
             the
             
               Publ●ck
               Faith
            
             :
             At
             what
             time
             ,
             when
             we
             have
             read
             the
             King's
             Letters
             ,
             you
             
             shall
             have
             liberty
             freely
             to
             declare
             what
             further
             Commands
             you
             have
             brought
             along
             with
             you
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             Parlament
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             to
             the
             Most
             Serene
             Prince
             D.
             Ferdinand
             ,
             Grand
             Duke
             of
             Tuscany
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             WE
             have
             receiv'd
             your
             Highness's
             Letters
             ,
             dated
             
               April
               22.
               1651.
            
             and
             deliver'd
             to
             us
             by
             your
             Resident
             ,
             
               Signor
               Almerick
               Salvetti
            
             ,
             wherein
             we
             readily
             perceive
             how
             greatly
             your
             Highness
             favours
             the
             
               English
               Name
            
             ,
             and
             the
             value
             you
             have
             for
             this
             Nation
             ,
             which
             not
             only
             our
             Merchants
             ,
             that
             for
             many
             years
             have
             traded
             in
             your
             Ports
             ,
             but
             also
             certain
             of
             our
             young
             Nobility
             ,
             either
             Travelling
             through
             your
             Cities
             ,
             or
             residing
             there
             for
             the
             improvements
             of
             their
             Studies
             ,
             both
             testify
             and
             confirm
             .
             Which
             as
             they
             are
             things
             most
             grateful
             and
             acceptable
             
             to
             us
             ,
             we
             also
             on
             our
             parts
             make
             this
             request
             to
             your
             Highness
             ,
             that
             your
             Serenity
             will
             persevere
             in
             your
             accustom'd
             good
             Will
             and
             Affection
             towards
             our
             Merchants
             ,
             and
             other
             Citizens
             of
             our
             Republick
             ,
             Travelling
             through
             the
             Tuscan
             Territories
             .
             On
             the
             other
             side
             we
             promise
             and
             undertake
             ,
             that
             as
             to
             what
             concerns
             the
             Parlament
             ,
             That
             nothing
             shall
             be
             wanting
             which
             may
             any
             way
             conduce
             to
             the
             Confirmation
             and
             Establishment
             of
             that
             Commerce
             and
             mutual
             Friendship
             that
             now
             has
             been
             of
             long
             continuance
             between
             both
             Nations
             ,
             and
             which
             it
             is
             our
             earnest
             wish
             and
             desire
             should
             be
             preserv'd
             to
             perpetuity
             by
             all
             Offices
             of
             Humanity
             ,
             Civility
             and
             mutual
             Observance
             .
          
           
             
               Westminster
               ,
               
                 Jan.
                 20.
                 1651.
                 
              
            
             Seal'd
             with
             the
             Seal
             of
             the
             Parlament
             ,
             and
             Subscribed
             by
             
               
                 William
                 Lenthal
              
               ,
               Speaker
               of
               the
               Parlament
               of
               the
               Common-wealth
               of
               England
               .
            
          
        
         
           
           
             The
             Parlament
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             to
             the
             Illustrious
             and
             Magnificent
             Senate
             of
             the
             City
             of
             Hamborough
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Noble
               ,
               Magnificent
               ,
               and
               Illustrious
               ,
               our
               dearest
               Friends
               .
            
          
           
             THE
             Parlament
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             out
             of
             their
             earnest
             desire
             to
             continue
             and
             preserve
             the
             Ancient
             Friendship
             and
             mutual
             Commerce
             between
             the
             English
             Nation
             and
             your
             City
             ,
             not
             long
             since
             sent
             thither
             
               Richard
               Bradshaw
            
             ,
             Esquire
             ,
             with
             the
             character
             of
             our
             Resident
             ;
             and
             among
             other
             Instructions
             tending
             to
             the
             same
             purpose
             ,
             gave
             him
             an
             express
             Charge
             to
             demand
             Justice
             against
             cert
             in
             persons
             within
             your
             Jurisdiction
             ,
             who
             endeavour'd
             to
             Murther
             the
             Preacher
             belonging
             to
             the
             English
             Society
             ,
             and
             who
             likewise
             laid
             impious
             hands
             upon
             the
             Deputy
             President
             ,
             and
             some
             of
             the
             principal
             Merchants
             of
             the
             
             same
             Company
             ,
             and
             hurri'd
             'em
             away
             aboard
             a
             Privateer
             .
             And
             although
             the
             aforesaid
             Resident
             upon
             his
             first
             Reception
             and
             Audience
             made
             known
             to
             your
             Lordships
             in
             a
             particular
             manner
             the
             Commands
             which
             he
             receiv'd
             from
             us
             ,
             upon
             which
             it
             was
             expected
             that
             you
             would
             have
             made
             those
             Criminals
             ere
             this
             a
             severe
             Example
             of
             your
             Justice
             ;
             yet
             when
             we
             understood
             our
             expectations
             were
             not
             answer'd
             ,
             considering
             with
             our selves
             what
             danger
             both
             our
             People
             and
             their
             Estates
             were
             in
             if
             sufficient
             provision
             were
             not
             made
             for
             their
             Security
             and
             Protection
             against
             the
             malice
             of
             their
             Enemies
             ;
             we
             again
             sent
             Orders
             to
             our
             afore
             said
             Resident
             to
             represent
             to
             your
             Lordships
             our
             Judgment
             upon
             the
             whole
             Matter
             ;
             as
             also
             to
             exhort
             and
             perswade
             ye
             in
             the
             name
             of
             this
             Republick
             to
             be
             careful
             of
             preserving
             the
             Friendship
             and
             Alliance
             contracted
             between
             this
             Commonwealth
             and
             your
             City
             ,
             as
             also
             the
             Traffick
             
             and
             Commerce
             no
             less
             advantagious
             for
             the
             Interest
             of
             both
             ;
             and
             to
             that
             end
             ,
             that
             you
             would
             not
             fail
             to
             Protect
             our
             Merchants
             ,
             together
             with
             their
             Priviledges
             from
             all
             Violation
             ,
             and
             more
             particularly
             against
             the
             Insolencies
             of
             one
             Garmes
             who
             has
             carry'd
             himself
             contumeliously
             toward
             this
             Republick
             ,
             and
             publickly
             cited
             to
             the
             Chamber
             of
             Spire
             certain
             Merchants
             of
             the
             English
             Company
             residing
             in
             your
             City
             ,
             to
             the
             great
             contempt
             of
             this
             Commonwealth
             ,
             and
             trouble
             of
             our
             Merchants
             ;
             for
             which
             we
             expect
             such
             Reparation
             ,
             as
             shall
             be
             consentaneous
             to
             Equity
             and
             Justice
             .
          
           
             To
             Treat
             of
             these
             Heads
             ,
             and
             whatever
             else
             more
             largely
             belongs
             to
             the
             common
             Friendship
             of
             both
             Republicks
             ,
             we
             have
             Order'd
             our
             Resident
             aforesaid
             to
             attend
             your
             Lordships
             ,
             requesting
             that
             ample
             credit
             may
             be
             
             given
             to
             him
             in
             such
             matters
             as
             he
             shall
             propose
             relating
             to
             these
             Affairs
             .
          
           
             
               Westminster
               
                 Mar.
                 12.
                 1651.
                 
              
            
             Seal'd
             with
             the
             Parlament
             Seal
             ,
             and
             Subscrib'd
             .
             Speaker
             ,
             &c.
             
          
        
         
           
             The
             Parlament
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             to
             the
             Most
             Serene
             Christiana
             ,
             Queen
             of
             the
             Swedes
             ,
             Goths
             ,
             and
             Vandals
             ,
             &c.
             Greeting
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               Queen
               ,
            
          
           
             WE
             have
             receiv'd
             and
             read
             your
             Majesty's
             Letters
             to
             the
             Parlament
             of
             England
             ,
             dated
             from
             Stockholm
             the
             26th
             .
             of
             September
             last
             ,
             and
             deliver'd
             by
             
               Peter
               Spering
               Silvercroon
            
             ;
             and
             there
             is
             nothing
             which
             we
             more
             vehemently
             and
             cordially
             desire
             ,
             then
             that
             the
             ancient
             Peace
             ,
             Traffick
             and
             Commerce
             of
             
             long
             continuance
             between
             the
             English
             and
             Swedes
             may
             prove
             diuturnal
             ,
             and
             every
             day
             encrease
             .
             Nor
             did
             we
             question
             but
             that
             your
             Majesty's
             Embassador
             was
             come
             amply
             Instructed
             to
             make
             those
             Proposals
             chiefly
             which
             should
             be
             most
             for
             the
             Interest
             and
             Honour
             of
             both
             Nations
             ,
             and
             which
             we
             were
             no
             less
             readily
             prepar'd
             to
             have
             heard
             ,
             and
             to
             have
             done
             effectually
             that
             which
             should
             have
             been
             thought
             most
             secure
             and
             beneficial
             on
             both
             sides
             .
             But
             it
             pleas'd
             the
             Supreme
             Moderator
             and
             Governour
             of
             all
             things
             ,
             that
             before
             he
             had
             desir'd
             to
             be
             heard
             as
             to
             those
             Matters
             which
             he
             had
             in
             Charge
             from
             your
             Majesty
             to
             propound
             to
             the
             Parlament
             ,
             he
             departed
             this
             Life
             (
             whose
             loss
             we
             took
             with
             that
             heaviness
             and
             sorrow
             ,
             as
             became
             persons
             whom
             it
             no
             less
             behov'd
             to
             acquiesce
             in
             the
             Will
             of
             the
             Almighty
             )
             whence
             it
             comes
             to
             pass
             that
             we
             are
             prevented
             hitherto
             from
             knowing
             your
             Majesty's
             pleasure
             ,
             and
             that
             
             there
             is
             a
             stop
             at
             present
             put
             to
             this
             Negotiation
             .
             Wherefore
             we
             thought
             we
             could
             do
             no
             less
             then
             by
             these
             our
             Letters
             ,
             which
             we
             have
             given
             to
             our
             Messenger
             on
             purpose
             sent
             with
             these
             unhappy
             Tydings
             ,
             to
             signifie
             to
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             how
             acceptable
             your
             Letters
             ,
             how
             grateful
             your
             Publick
             Minister
             were
             to
             the
             
               Parlament
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               of
            
             England
             ;
             as
             also
             how
             earnestly
             we
             expect
             your
             Friendship
             ,
             and
             how
             highly
             we
             shall
             value
             the
             Amity
             of
             so
             great
             a
             Princess
             ;
             assuring
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             that
             we
             have
             those
             thoughts
             of
             encreasing
             the
             Commerce
             between
             this
             Republick
             and
             your
             Majesty's
             Kingdom
             ,
             as
             we
             ought
             to
             have
             of
             a
             thing
             of
             the
             highest
             importance
             ,
             which
             for
             that
             reason
             will
             be
             most
             acceptable
             to
             the
             
               Parlament
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               of
            
             England
             .
             And
             so
             we
             recommend
             your
             Majesty
             to
             
             the
             Protection
             of
             the
             Divine
             Providence
             .
          
           
             
               Westminster
               ,
               
                 March
                 —
                 1651.
                 
              
            
             Seal'd
             with
             the
             Parlament
             Seal
             ,
             and
             Subscrib'd
             ,
             Speaker
             ,
             &c.
             
          
        
         
           
             The
             Parlament
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             to
             the
             Most
             Serene
             and
             Potent
             Prince
             ,
             Philip
             the
             Fourth
             ,
             King
             of
             Spain
             ,
             Greeting
             .
          
           
             THE
             Merchants
             of
             this
             Commonwealth
             who
             Trade
             in
             your
             Majesties
             Territories
             ,
             make
             loud
             Complaints
             of
             extraordinary
             Violence
             and
             Injuries
             offer'd
             'em
             ,
             and
             of
             new
             Tributes
             impos'd
             upon
             'em
             by
             the
             Governors
             and
             other
             Officers
             of
             your
             Ports
             and
             Places
             where
             they
             Traffick
             ,
             and
             particularly
             in
             the
             Canary
             Islands
             ,
             and
             this
             against
             the
             Articles
             of
             the
             League
             which
             both
             Nations
             have
             Solemnly
             Ratifi'd
             upon
             
             the
             account
             of
             Trade
             :
             the
             truth
             of
             which
             Complaints
             they
             have
             confirm'd
             by
             Oath
             .
             And
             they
             make
             it
             out
             before
             us
             ,
             That
             unless
             they
             can
             enjoy
             their
             Privileges
             ,
             and
             that
             their
             Losses
             be
             repair'd
             :
             Lastly
             ,
             That
             except
             they
             may
             have
             some
             certain
             Safeguard
             and
             Protection
             for
             themselves
             and
             their
             Estates
             against
             those
             Violences
             and
             Injuries
             ,
             they
             can
             no
             longer
             Traffick
             in
             those
             Places
             .
             Which
             Complaints
             of
             theirs
             being
             duly
             weigh'd
             by
             us
             ,
             and
             believing
             the
             unjust
             proceedings
             of
             those
             Ministers
             either
             not
             at
             all
             to
             have
             reach'd
             your
             knowledge
             ,
             or
             else
             to
             have
             been
             untruly
             represented
             to
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             we
             deem'd
             it
             convenient
             to
             send
             the
             complaints
             themselves
             ,
             together
             with
             these
             our
             Letters
             to
             your
             Majesty
             .
             Nor
             do
             we
             question
             but
             that
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             as
             well
             out
             of
             your
             love
             of
             Justice
             ,
             as
             for
             the
             sake
             of
             that
             Commerce
             no
             less
             gainful
             to
             your
             Subjects
             then
             our
             People
             ,
             will
             command
             your
             Governors
             to
             desist
             
             from
             those
             unjust
             Oppressions
             of
             our
             Merchants
             ,
             and
             so
             order
             it
             that
             they
             may
             obtain
             speedy
             Justice
             ,
             and
             due
             Satisfaction
             for
             those
             Injuries
             done
             'em
             by
             
               Don
               Pedro
               de
               Carillo
               de
               Guzman
               ,
            
             and
             others
             ,
             and
             that
             your
             Majesty
             will
             take
             care
             that
             the
             Merchants
             aforesaid
             may
             reap
             the
             fruit
             of
             those
             Articles
             ;
             and
             be
             so
             far
             under
             your
             Protection
             ,
             that
             both
             their
             Persons
             and
             their
             Estates
             may
             be
             secure
             and
             free
             from
             all
             manner
             of
             Injury
             and
             Vexation
             .
             And
             this
             they
             believe
             they
             shall
             for
             the
             greatest
             part
             obtain
             ,
             if
             your
             Majesty
             will
             be
             pleas'd
             to
             restore
             'em
             that
             Expedient
             ,
             taken
             from
             'em
             ,
             of
             a
             Judge
             Conservator
             ,
             who
             may
             be
             able
             to
             defend
             'em
             from
             a
             new
             Consulship
             more
             uneasie
             to
             'em
             ;
             least
             if
             no
             shelter
             from
             Injustice
             be
             allow'd
             'em
             ,
             there
             should
             follow
             a
             necessity
             of
             breaking
             off
             that
             Commerce
             which
             has
             hitherto
             brought
             great
             Advantages
             to
             both
             Nations
             ,
             while
             the
             Articles
             of
             the
             League
             are
             violated
             in
             such
             a
             manner
             .
          
           
             
               West
               .
               
                 Aug.
                 —
                 1651.
                 
              
            
          
        
         
           
           
             To
             the
             Most
             Serene
             Prince
             the
             Duke
             of
             Venice
             ,
             and
             the
             Most
             Illustrious
             Senate
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               Prince
               ,
               Most
               Illustrious
               Senate
               ,
               our
               dearest
               Friends
               ,
            
          
           
             CErtain
             of
             our
             Merchants
             ,
             by
             name
             
               John
               Dickins
            
             ,
             and
             
               Job
               Throckmorton
            
             ,
             with
             others
             ,
             have
             made
             their
             Complaints
             unto
             us
             ,
             That
             upon
             the
             28th
             .
             of
             
               November
               ,
               1651.
            
             having
             Seiz'd
             upon
             a
             hunder'd
             Butts
             of
             Caveare
             in
             the
             Vessel
             call'd
             the
             Swallow
             ,
             Riding
             in
             the
             
               Downs
               ,
               Isaac
               Taylour
            
             Master
             ,
             which
             were
             their
             own
             proper
             Goods
             ,
             and
             Laden
             Aboard
             the
             same
             Ship
             in
             the
             Muscovite
             Bay
             of
             Archangel
             ,
             and
             this
             by
             the
             Authority
             of
             our
             Court
             of
             Admiralty
             ;
             In
             which
             Court
             ,
             the
             Suit
             being
             there
             depending
             ,
             they
             obtain'd
             a
             Decree
             for
             the
             delivery
             of
             the
             said
             Butts
             of
             Caveare
             into
             their
             Possession
             ,
             they
             having
             first
             given
             security
             to
             abide
             by
             the
             Sentence
             of
             that
             
             Court
             ;
             And
             that
             the
             said
             Court
             ,
             to
             the
             end
             the
             said
             Suit
             might
             be
             brought
             to
             a
             conclusion
             ,
             having
             Written
             Letters
             ,
             according
             to
             custom
             ,
             to
             the
             Magistrates
             and
             Judges
             of
             Venice
             ,
             wherein
             they
             requested
             liberty
             to
             cite
             
               John
               Piatti
            
             to
             appear
             by
             his
             Proctor
             in
             the
             English
             Court
             of
             Admiralty
             ,
             where
             the
             Suit
             depended
             ,
             and
             prove
             his
             Right
             ,
             nevertheless
             that
             the
             said
             Piatti
             and
             one
             
               David
               Rutts
            
             a
             Hollander
             ,
             while
             this
             Cause
             depends
             here
             in
             our
             Court
             ,
             put
             the
             said
             
               John
               Dickins
            
             ,
             and
             those
             other
             Merchants
             to
             a
             vast
             deal
             of
             trouble
             about
             the
             said
             Caveare
             ,
             and
             solicite
             the
             Seizure
             of
             their
             Goods
             and
             Estates
             as
             Forfeited
             for
             Debt
             :
             All
             which
             things
             ,
             and
             whatever
             else
             has
             hitherto
             bin
             done
             in
             our
             foresaid
             Court
             ,
             is
             more
             at
             large
             set
             forth
             in
             those
             Letters
             of
             Request
             aforemention'd
             ;
             which
             after
             we
             had
             view'd
             ,
             we
             thought
             proper
             to
             be
             transmitted
             to
             the
             most
             Serene
             Republick
             of
             Venice
             ,
             to
             the
             end
             they
             might
             be
             assistant
             
             to
             our
             Merchants
             in
             this
             Cause
             .
             Upon
             the
             whole
             therefore
             ,
             it
             is
             our
             earnest
             Request
             to
             your
             Highness
             ,
             and
             the
             Most
             Illustrious
             Senate
             ,
             That
             not
             only
             those
             Letters
             may
             obtain
             their
             due
             force
             and
             weight
             ,
             but
             also
             that
             the
             Goods
             and
             Estates
             of
             the
             Merchants
             which
             the
             foresaid
             Piatti
             and
             
               David
               Rutts
            
             ,
             have
             endeavour'd
             to
             make
             lyable
             to
             Forfeiture
             ,
             may
             be
             discharg'd
             ;
             and
             that
             the
             said
             Defendants
             may
             be
             referr'd
             hither
             to
             our
             Court
             ,
             to
             try
             what
             Right
             they
             have
             in
             their
             Claim
             to
             this
             Caveare
             .
             Wherein
             your
             Highness
             ,
             and
             the
             Most
             Serene
             Republick
             will
             do
             as
             well
             what
             is
             most
             Just
             in
             it self
             ,
             as
             what
             is
             truly
             becoming
             the
             spotless
             Amity
             between
             both
             Republicks
             ;
             and
             lastly
             ,
             what
             will
             gratefully
             be
             recompenc'd
             by
             the
             good
             Will
             and
             kind
             Offices
             of
             this
             Republick
             ,
             whenever
             occasion
             offers
             .
          
           
             
               White-Hall
               ,
               
                 Feb.
                 —
                 1652.
                 
              
            
             Seal'd
             with
             the
             Seal
             of
             the
             Council
             ,
             and
             Subscrib'd
             ,
             President
             of
             the
             Councel
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             To
             the
             
               Spanish
               Embassador
            
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Excellent
               Lord
               ,
            
          
           
             THE
             Council
             of
             State
             ,
             according
             to
             a
             Command
             from
             the
             Parlament
             ,
             dated
             the
             2d
             .
             of
             March
             ,
             having
             taken
             into
             serious
             deliberation
             your
             Excellencies
             Paper
             of
             the
             15th
             .
             of
             February
             ,
             deliver'd
             to
             the
             Commissioners
             of
             this
             Council
             ,
             wherein
             it
             seem'd
             good
             to
             your
             Excellency
             to
             propose
             that
             a
             Reply
             might
             be
             given
             to
             Two
             certain
             Heads
             therein
             specify'd
             as
             previous
             ,
             returns
             the
             following
             Answer
             to
             your
             Excellency
             .
          
           
             The
             Parlament
             when
             they
             gave
             an
             Answer
             to
             those
             things
             which
             were
             Propos'd
             by
             your
             Excellency
             at
             your
             first
             Audience
             ,
             as
             also
             in
             those
             Letters
             which
             they
             Wrote
             to
             the
             most
             Serene
             King
             of
             Spain
             ,
             gave
             real
             and
             ample
             demonstrations
             how
             grateful
             and
             how
             acceptable
             that
             Friendship
             
             and
             that
             mutual
             Alliance
             which
             was
             offer'd
             by
             his
             Royal
             Majesty
             ,
             and
             by
             your self
             in
             his
             Name
             ,
             would
             be
             to
             'em
             ;
             and
             how
             fully
             they
             were
             resolv'd
             ,
             as
             far
             as
             in
             them
             lay
             ,
             to
             make
             the
             same
             returns
             of
             Friendship
             and
             Good
             Offices
             .
          
           
             After
             that
             ,
             it
             seem'd
             good
             to
             your
             Excellency
             ,
             at
             your
             first
             Audience
             in
             Council
             upon
             the
             19th
             .
             of
             
               December
               ,
               Oldstile
            
             ,
             to
             propound
             to
             this
             Council
             ,
             as
             a
             certain
             ground
             or
             method
             for
             an
             Auspitious
             commencement
             of
             a
             stricter
             Amity
             ,
             that
             some
             of
             their
             body
             might
             be
             nominated
             ,
             who
             might
             hear
             what
             your
             Excellency
             had
             to
             propose
             ,
             and
             who
             having
             well
             weigh'd
             the
             benefit
             that
             might
             redound
             from
             thence
             ,
             should
             speedily
             report
             the
             same
             to
             the
             Council
             .
             To
             which
             request
             of
             yours
             that
             satisfaction
             might
             be
             given
             ,
             the
             Council
             appointed
             certain
             of
             their
             number
             to
             attend
             your
             Excellency
             ,
             which
             was
             done
             accordingly
             .
             But
             instead
             of
             those
             things
             which
             were
             expected
             
             to
             have
             bin
             propounded
             ,
             the
             Conference
             produc'd
             no
             more
             then
             the
             abovemention'd
             Paper
             ,
             to
             which
             the
             Answer
             of
             the
             Council
             is
             this
             .
          
           
             When
             the
             Parlament
             shall
             have
             declar'd
             their
             minds
             ,
             and
             your
             Excellency
             shall
             have
             made
             the
             Progress
             as
             above
             expected
             ,
             we
             shall
             be
             ready
             to
             confer
             with
             your
             Excellency
             ,
             and
             to
             treat
             of
             such
             matters
             as
             you
             shall
             propose
             in
             the
             Name
             of
             the
             King
             your
             Master
             ,
             as
             well
             in
             reference
             to
             the
             Friendship
             already
             concluded
             ,
             as
             the
             entring
             into
             another
             more
             strict
             and
             binding
             ;
             or
             as
             to
             any
             thing
             else
             which
             shall
             be
             offer'd
             by
             our selves
             in
             the
             Name
             of
             this
             Republick
             :
             And
             when
             we
             descend
             to
             particulars
             ,
             we
             shall
             return
             such
             Answers
             as
             are
             most
             proper
             ,
             and
             the
             nature
             of
             the
             thing
             propos'd
             shall
             require
             .
          
           
             
               White-Hall
               ,
               
                 March
                 21.
                 1652.
                 
              
            
          
        
         
           
           
             The
             Parlament
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             to
             the
             Most
             Serene
             Prince
             ,
             Frederick
             the
             Third
             ,
             King
             of
             Danemark
             ,
             &c.
             Greeting
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               and
               Potent
               King
               ,
            
          
           
             WE
             have
             receiv'd
             your
             Majesty's
             Letters
             ,
             dated
             from
             Copenhagen
             the
             21st
             .
             of
             December
             last
             ,
             and
             deliver'd
             to
             the
             Parlament
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             by
             the
             Noble
             
               Henry
               Willemsem
               Rosenwyng
               de
               Lynsacker
            
             ,
             and
             most
             gladly
             perus'd
             'em
             ,
             with
             that
             affection
             of
             mind
             which
             the
             matters
             therein
             propounded
             justly
             merit
             ,
             and
             request
             your
             Majesty
             to
             be
             fully
             perswaded
             of
             this
             ,
             That
             the
             same
             inclinations
             ,
             the
             same
             desires
             of
             continuing
             and
             preserving
             the
             ancient
             Friendship
             ,
             Commerce
             ,
             and
             Allyance
             for
             so
             many
             years
             maintain'd
             between
             England
             and
             Danemark
             ,
             which
             are
             in
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             are
             also
             in
             us
             .
             Not
             being
             ignorant
             ,
             that
             though
             it
             has
             pleas'd
             Divine
             
             Providence
             ,
             beholding
             this
             Nation
             with
             such
             a
             benign
             and
             favourable
             Aspect
             ,
             to
             change
             for
             the
             better
             the
             receiv'd
             Form
             of
             the
             former
             Government
             among
             us
             ;
             nevertheless
             ,
             that
             the
             same
             Interests
             on
             both
             sides
             ,
             the
             same
             common
             Advantages
             ,
             the
             same
             mutual
             Allyance
             and
             Free
             Traffick
             which
             produc'd
             the
             former
             Leagues
             and
             Confederacies
             between
             both
             Nations
             ,
             still
             endure
             and
             obtain
             their
             former
             Force
             and
             Virtue
             ,
             and
             oblige
             both
             to
             make
             it
             their
             common
             study
             ,
             by
             rendring
             those
             Leagues
             the
             most
             beneficial
             that
             may
             be
             to
             each
             other
             ,
             to
             establish
             also
             a
             nearer
             and
             sounder
             Friendship
             for
             the
             time
             to
             come
             .
             And
             if
             your
             Majesty
             shall
             be
             pleas'd
             to
             pursue
             those
             Counsels
             which
             are
             manifested
             in
             your
             Royal
             Letters
             ,
             the
             Parlament
             will
             be
             ready
             to
             embrace
             the
             same
             with
             all
             Alacrity
             and
             Fidelity
             ,
             and
             to
             contribute
             all
             those
             things
             to
             the
             utmost
             of
             their
             Power
             ,
             which
             they
             shall
             think
             may
             conduce
             to
             that
             end
             .
             And
             they
             perswade
             
             themselves
             that
             your
             Majesty
             for
             this
             reason
             ,
             will
             take
             those
             Counsels
             in
             reference
             to
             this
             Republick
             ,
             which
             may
             facilitate
             the
             good
             success
             of
             those
             things
             propounded
             by
             your
             Majesty
             to
             our selves
             so
             desirous
             of
             your
             Amity
             .
             In
             the
             mean
             time
             the
             Parlament
             wishes
             all
             Happiness
             and
             Prosperity
             to
             your
             Majesty
             and
             People
             .
          
           
             
               Westminster
               ,
               
                 April
                 —
                 1652.
                 
              
            
             Under
             the
             Seal
             of
             the
             Parlament
             ,
             and
             Subscrib'd
             in
             its
             Name
             and
             by
             the
             Authority
             of
             it
             ,
             Speaker
             ,
             &c.
             
          
        
         
           
           
             The
             Parlament
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             to
             the
             most
             Illustrious
             and
             Magnificent
             the
             Proconsuls
             and
             Senators
             of
             the
             Hanse-Towns
             ,
             Greeting
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Noble
               ,
               Magnificent
               ,
               and
               Illustrious
               ,
               our
               dearest
               Friends
               ,
            
          
           
             
               THE
               Parlament
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               of
            
             England
             has
             both
             receiv'd
             and
             perus'd
             your
             Letthrs
             of
             the
             16th
             .
             of
             January
             last
             ,
             deliver'd
             by
             your
             Publick
             Minister
             
               Leo
               ab
               Aysema
            
             ,
             and
             by
             their
             Authority
             have
             given
             him
             Audience
             ;
             at
             what
             time
             he
             declar'd
             the
             cordial
             and
             friendly
             Inclinations
             of
             your
             Cities
             toward
             this
             Republick
             ,
             and
             desir'd
             that
             the
             ancient
             Friendship
             might
             still
             remain
             on
             both
             sides
             .
             The
             Parlament
             therefore
             ,
             for
             their
             parts
             ,
             declare
             and
             assure
             your
             Lordships
             ,
             That
             they
             deem
             nothing
             more
             grateful
             to
             themselves
             ,
             then
             that
             the
             same
             Friendship
             and
             Allyance
             which
             has
             
             hitherto
             bin
             maintain'd
             between
             this
             Nation
             and
             those
             Cities
             ,
             should
             be
             renew'd
             ,
             and
             firmly
             ratify'd
             ;
             and
             that
             they
             will
             be
             ready
             upon
             all
             occasions
             fitly
             offer'd
             ,
             what
             they
             promise
             in
             words
             solidly
             to
             perform
             in
             real
             deeds
             ;
             and
             expect
             that
             their
             ancient
             Friends
             and
             Confederates
             should
             deal
             by
             them
             with
             the
             same
             Truth
             and
             Integrity
             .
             But
             as
             to
             those
             things
             which
             your
             Resident
             has
             more
             particularly
             in
             Charge
             ,
             in
             regard
             they
             were
             by
             us
             referr'd
             entire
             to
             the
             
               Council
               of
               State
            
             ,
             and
             his
             Proposals
             were
             to
             be
             there
             consider'd
             ,
             they
             transacted
             with
             him
             there
             ,
             and
             gave
             him
             such
             Answers
             ,
             as
             seem'd
             most
             consentaneous
             to
             Equity
             and
             Reason
             ,
             of
             which
             your
             Resident
             is
             able
             to
             give
             you
             an
             Account
             ;
             whose
             Prudence
             and
             Conspicuous
             Probity
             proclaim
             him
             worthy
             the
             Publick
             Character
             by
             you
             conferr'd
             upon
             him
             .
          
           
             
               
                 Westminster
                 ,
                 
                   April
                   ,
                   —
                   1652.
                
              
               
            
             Under
             the
             Seal
             of
             the
             Parlament
             ,
             in
             the
             Name
             ,
             and
             by
             the
             Authority
             of
             it
             ,
             Subscrib'd
             ,
             Speaker
             ,
             &c.
             
          
        
         
           
           
             The
             Parlament
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             to
             the
             Illustrious
             and
             Magnificent
             Senate
             of
             the
             City
             of
             Hamborough
             ,
             Greeting
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Noble
               ,
               Magnificent
               ,
               and
               Illustrious
               ,
               our
               dearst
               Friends
               ,
            
          
           
             THE
             Parlament
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             has
             receiv'd
             and
             perus'd
             your
             Letters
             ,
             dated
             from
             Hamborough
             the
             15th
             .
             of
             January
             last
             ,
             and
             deliver'd
             by
             the
             Noble
             
               Leo
               ab
               Aysenia
            
             ,
             yours
             and
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Hanseatic
             Cities
             Resident
             ,
             and
             by
             their
             own
             Authority
             gave
             him
             Audience
             ,
             and
             as
             to
             what
             other
             particular
             Commands
             he
             had
             from
             your
             City
             ,
             they
             have
             referr'd
             'em
             to
             the
             Council
             of
             State
             ,
             and
             gave
             'em
             Orders
             to
             receive
             his
             Proposals
             and
             to
             Treat
             with
             him
             as
             soon
             as
             might
             be
             ,
             concerning
             all
             such
             things
             as
             seem'd
             to
             be
             Just
             and
             Equal
             :
             Which
             was
             also
             done
             accordingly
             .
             And
             as
             the
             Parlament
             has
             made
             it
             manifest
             ,
             
             that
             they
             will
             have
             a
             due
             regard
             to
             what
             shall
             be
             propos'd
             by
             your
             Lordships
             ,
             and
             have
             testify'd
             their
             singular
             good
             Will
             toward
             your
             City
             ,
             by
             sending
             their
             Resident
             thither
             and
             commanding
             his
             Abode
             there
             ;
             so
             on
             the
             other
             side
             they
             expect
             and
             deservedly
             require
             from
             your
             Lordships
             ,
             that
             the
             same
             Equity
             be
             return'd
             to
             them
             ,
             in
             things
             which
             are
             to
             the
             Benefit
             of
             this
             Republick
             ,
             either
             already
             propos'd
             ,
             or
             hereafter
             to
             be
             propounded
             by
             our
             said
             Resident
             in
             their
             Name
             to
             your
             City
             ,
             anciently
             our
             Friend
             and
             Confederate
             .
          
           
             
               Westminster
               ,
               
                 April
                 ,
                 —
                 1652.
                 
              
            
             Under
             the
             Seal
             of
             the
             Parlament
             in
             the
             Name
             ,
             and
             by
             the
             Authority
             of
             it
             ,
             Subscrib'd
             ,
             Speaker
             ,
             &c.
             
          
        
         
           
           
             The
             Council
             of
             State
             of
             the
             Republick
             of
             England
             ,
             to
             the
             Most
             Serene
             Prince
             Ferdinand
             the
             Second
             ,
             Grand
             Duke
             of
             Tuscany
             ,
             Greeting
             ,
          
           
             
               THE
               Council
               of
               State
            
             being
             inform'd
             by
             Letters
             from
             
               Charles
               Longland
            
             ,
             who
             takes
             care
             of
             the
             Affairs
             of
             the
             English
             in
             your
             Highnesses
             Court
             of
             Leghorne
             ,
             That
             lately
             Fourteen
             Men
             of
             War
             ,
             belonging
             to
             the
             
               Vnited
               Provinces
            
             ,
             came
             into
             that
             Harbour
             ,
             and
             openly
             threatned
             to
             Sink
             ,
             or
             Burn
             the
             English
             Ships
             that
             were
             Riding
             in
             your
             Port
             ;
             but
             that
             your
             Serenity
             ,
             whose
             Protection
             and
             Succour
             the
             English
             Merchants
             implor'd
             ,
             gave
             Command
             to
             the
             Governour
             of
             Leghorn
             ,
             That
             he
             should
             Assist
             and
             Defend
             the
             English
             Vessels
             ;
             they
             deem'd
             it
             their
             duty
             to
             certify
             to
             your
             Highness
             how
             acceptable
             that
             Kindness
             and
             Protection
             which
             you
             so
             favourably
             afforded
             the
             English
             Nation
             ,
             was
             to
             this
             Republick
             ;
             
             and
             do
             promise
             your
             Highness
             that
             they
             will
             always
             keep
             in
             remembrance
             the
             Merit
             of
             so
             deserving
             a
             Favour
             ,
             and
             will
             be
             ready
             upon
             all
             occasions
             to
             make
             the
             same
             returns
             of
             Friendship
             and
             Good
             Offices
             to
             your
             People
             ,
             and
             to
             do
             all
             things
             else
             which
             may
             conduce
             to
             the
             preservation
             and
             continuance
             of
             the
             usual
             Amity
             and
             Commerce
             between
             both
             Nations
             .
             And
             whereas
             the
             Dutch
             Men
             of
             War
             ,
             even
             in
             the
             time
             of
             Treaty
             offer'd
             by
             themselves
             ,
             were
             so
             highly
             perfidious
             ,
             as
             to
             fall
             upon
             our
             Fleet
             in
             our
             own
             Roads
             ,
             (
             in
             which
             foul
             Attempt
             ,
             God
             as
             a
             most
             Just
             Arbiter
             ,
             shew'd
             himself
             Offended
             and
             Opposite
             to
             their
             Design
             )
             but
             also
             in
             the
             Ports
             of
             Foreigners
             endeavour'd
             to
             Take
             or
             Sink
             our
             Merchants
             Vessels
             ;
             we
             thought
             it
             also
             necessary
             to
             send
             this
             Declaration
             also
             of
             the
             Parlament
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             to
             your
             Highness
             ,
             the
             Publishing
             of
             which
             was
             occasion'd
             by
             the
             Controversies
             
             at
             present
             arisen
             between
             this
             Republick
             and
             the
             
               Vnited
               Provinces
            
             .
             By
             which
             your
             Highness
             may
             easily
             perceive
             how
             unjust
             and
             contrary
             to
             all
             the
             Laws
             of
             God
             and
             of
             Nations
             those
             People
             have
             acted
             against
             this
             Republick
             ;
             and
             how
             cordially
             the
             Parlament
             labour'd
             ,
             for
             the
             sake
             of
             publick
             Tranquility
             ,
             to
             have
             retain'd
             their
             pristin
             Friendship
             and
             Allyance
             .
          
           
             
               White-Hall
               ,
               
                 July
                 29.
                 1652.
                 
              
            
             In
             the
             Name
             ,
             and
             by
             the
             Authority
             of
             the
             Council
             ,
             Subscrib'd
             ,
             President
             .
          
        
         
           
             To
             the
             Spanish
             Embassador
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Excellent
               Lord
               ,
            
          
           
             THe
             
               Council
               of
               State
            
             ,
             upon
             mature
             deliberation
             of
             that
             Paper
             which
             they
             receiv'd
             from
             your
             Excellency
             ,
             
             
               27
               May
               6
            
             of
             
               June
               1652.
            
             as
             also
             upon
             that
             which
             your
             Excellency
             at
             your
             Audience
             the
             6
             /
             16
             of
             this
             Month
             deliver'd
             to
             the
             Council
             ,
             return
             this
             Answer
             to
             both
             those
             Papers
             .
             That
             the
             Parlament
             ,
             &c.
             was
             always
             very
             desirous
             of
             preserving
             the
             firm
             Friendship
             and
             good
             Peace
             setled
             at
             present
             between
             this
             Republick
             and
             his
             Royal
             Majesty
             of
             Spain
             ,
             from
             the
             time
             that
             first
             your
             Excellency
             signify'd
             the
             tendency
             of
             his
             Majesty's
             Inclinations
             that
             way
             ,
             and
             was
             always
             ready
             to
             ratify
             and
             confirm
             the
             same
             to
             the
             Benefit
             and
             Advantage
             of
             both
             Nations
             .
             And
             this
             ,
             the
             Councel
             of
             State
             in
             the
             Name
             ,
             and
             by
             Command
             of
             the
             Parlament
             ,
             in
             their
             Papers
             oftimes
             made
             known
             to
             your
             Excellency
             ;
             and
             particularly
             ,
             according
             to
             your
             Excellency's
             desire
             ,
             made
             choice
             of
             Commissioners
             to
             attend
             and
             receive
             from
             your
             Excellency
             such
             Proposals
             as
             might
             conduce
             to
             the
             same
             purpose
             .
             At
             which
             meeting
             .
             instead
             of
             
             making
             such
             Proposals
             ,
             it
             seem'd
             good
             to
             your
             Excellency
             onely
             to
             propound
             some
             general
             Matters
             ,
             as
             it
             were
             previous
             to
             a
             future
             Conference
             ,
             concerning
             which
             it
             seem'd
             to
             the
             Council
             that
             the
             Parlament
             had
             in
             former
             Papers
             fully
             made
             known
             their
             Sentiments
             .
             Nevertheless
             ,
             for
             more
             ample
             and
             accumulative
             satisfaction
             ,
             and
             to
             remove
             all
             scruples
             from
             your
             Excellency
             concerning
             those
             matters
             which
             they
             at
             that
             time
             propos'd
             ,
             the
             Council
             in
             that
             Paper
             ,
             dated
             
               31
               March
               ,
               10
               April
            
             ,
             declar'd
             themselves
             ready
             to
             come
             to
             a
             Conference
             with
             your
             Excellency
             concerning
             those
             things
             which
             you
             had
             in
             charge
             from
             his
             Royal
             Majesty
             ,
             as
             well
             in
             reference
             to
             the
             pristin
             Amity
             ,
             as
             to
             any
             farther
             Negotiation
             ;
             as
             also
             touching
             such
             matters
             as
             should
             be
             exhibited
             by
             us
             ,
             in
             the
             name
             of
             this
             Republick
             ;
             and
             when
             we
             came
             to
             such
             particulars
             as
             were
             to
             the
             purpose
             ,
             and
             the
             nature
             of
             the
             thing
             
             requir'd
             ,
             then
             to
             give
             convenient
             Answers
             .
             To
             which
             it
             seem'd
             good
             to
             your
             Excellency
             to
             make
             no
             Reply
             ,
             nor
             to
             proceed
             any
             farther
             in
             that
             Affair
             for
             almost
             Two
             Months
             .
             About
             that
             time
             the
             Council
             receiv'd
             from
             your
             Excellency
             your
             first
             Paper
             ,
             dated
             
               27
               May
               ,
               6
               June
            
             ,
             wherein
             you
             onely
             made
             this
             Proposal
             ,
             That
             the
             Articles
             of
             Peace
             and
             League
             between
             the
             Late
             
               King
               Charles
            
             and
             your
             Master
             ,
             dated
             the
             6
             /
             16.
             of
             
               Novemb.
               1630.
            
             might
             be
             review'd
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             several
             Heads
             of
             it
             might
             be
             either
             enlarg'd
             or
             left
             out
             according
             to
             the
             present
             condition
             of
             times
             and
             things
             ,
             and
             the
             late
             
               Alteration
               of
               Government
            
             .
             Which
             being
             no
             more
             then
             what
             we
             our selves
             briefly
             and
             clearly
             signify'd
             in
             our
             foresaid
             Paper
             of
             the
             
               31
               March
               ,
               10
               April
            
             ,
             the
             Council
             expected
             that
             some
             particular
             Articles
             would
             have
             bin
             Propounded
             out
             of
             that
             League
             ,
             with
             those
             Amplifications
             and
             Alterations
             of
             which
             you
             made
             mention
             ;
             
             since
             otherwise
             it
             is
             impossible
             for
             us
             to
             return
             any
             other
             Answer
             concerning
             this
             matter
             then
             what
             we
             have
             already
             given
             .
             And
             whereas
             your
             Excellency
             in
             your
             last
             Paper
             seems
             to
             charge
             us
             with
             delay
             ,
             the
             Council
             therefore
             took
             a
             second
             review
             of
             your
             foresaid
             Paper
             of
             the
             27
             of
             May
             ,
             6
             of
             June
             ,
             and
             of
             what
             was
             therein
             Propounded
             ,
             and
             are
             still
             of
             Opinion
             ,
             That
             they
             have
             fully
             satisfy'd
             your
             Excellency
             in
             that
             former
             Paper
             ,
             to
             which
             they
             can
             only
             farther
             add
             ,
             That
             so
             soon
             as
             your
             Excellency
             shall
             be
             pleas'd
             ,
             either
             out
             of
             the
             Leagues
             already
             made
             ,
             or
             in
             any
             other
             manner
             ,
             to
             frame
             such
             conditions
             ,
             as
             shall
             be
             accommodated
             to
             the
             present
             state
             of
             Things
             and
             Times
             ,
             upon
             which
             you
             desire
             to
             have
             the
             foundations
             of
             Friendship
             laid
             on
             your
             side
             ,
             they
             will
             immediately
             return
             you
             such
             Answers
             as
             by
             them
             shall
             be
             thought
             Just
             and
             Reasonable
             ,
             and
             which
             shall
             be
             sufficient
             
             Testimonials
             that
             the
             Parlament
             still
             perseveres
             in
             the
             same
             desires
             of
             preserving
             an
             untainted
             and
             firm
             Amity
             with
             the
             King
             your
             Master
             ,
             and
             that
             on
             their
             parts
             they
             will
             omit
             no
             honest
             endeavours
             ,
             and
             worthy
             of
             themselves
             ,
             to
             advance
             it
             to
             the
             highest
             perfection
             .
          
           
             Furthermore
             the
             Council
             deems
             it
             to
             be
             a
             part
             of
             their
             duty
             ,
             That
             your
             Excellency
             should
             be
             put
             in
             mind
             of
             that
             Paper
             of
             ours
             ,
             dated
             
               Jan.
               30.
               1651.
            
             to
             which
             in
             regard
             your
             Excellency
             has
             return'd
             no
             Answer
             as
             yet
             ,
             we
             press
             and
             expect
             that
             satisfaction
             be
             given
             to
             the
             Parlament
             ,
             as
             to
             what
             is
             therein
             mention'd
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             The
             Answer
             of
             the
             Council
             of
             State
             to
             the
             Reply
             of
             the
             Lords
             Embassadors
             Extraordinary
             from
             the
             King
             of
             Danemark
             and
             Norway
             ,
             deliver'd
             to
             the
             Commissioners
             of
             the
             Council
             ,
             to
             the
             Answer
             which
             the
             Council
             gave
             to
             their
             Fourteen
             Demands
             .
          
           
             TO
             the
             end
             that
             satisfaction
             may
             be
             given
             to
             the
             foresaid
             Lords
             Embassadors
             in
             reference
             to
             the
             Answer
             of
             the
             Council
             to
             the
             Fifth
             ,
             Sixth
             ,
             Seventh
             ,
             Eigth
             and
             Ninth
             Article
             ,
             the
             Council
             consents
             that
             this
             following
             Clause
             shall
             be
             added
             at
             the
             end
             of
             their
             Answers
             :
             That
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             Besides
             such
             Colonies
             ,
             Islands
             ,
             Ports
             and
             Places
             under
             the
             Dominion
             of
             either
             Party
             ,
             to
             which
             it
             is
             by
             Law
             provided
             that
             no
             body
             shall
             resort
             upon
             the
             account
             of
             Trade
             or
             Commerce
             ,
             unless
             upon
             special
             leave
             first
             obtain'd
             of
             that
             Party
             to
             which
             that
             Colony
             ,
             Island
             ,
             Port
             or
             Places
             belong
             .
          
           
           
             The
             Receiving
             of
             any
             person
             into
             any
             Ship
             that
             shall
             be
             driven
             in
             by
             stress
             of
             Weather
             into
             the
             Rivers
             ,
             Ports
             or
             Bays
             belonging
             to
             either
             Party
             ,
             shall
             not
             render
             that
             Vessel
             lyable
             to
             any
             Trouble
             or
             Search
             ,
             by
             the
             Answer
             of
             the
             Council
             to
             the
             Eleventh
             Article
             ,
             as
             the
             foresaid
             Lords
             Embassadors
             in
             their
             Reply
             seem
             to
             have
             understood
             ,
             unless
             it
             be
             where
             such
             a
             Receiving
             shall
             be
             against
             the
             Laws
             ,
             Statutes
             ,
             or
             Custom
             of
             that
             Place
             where
             the
             Vessel
             put
             in
             ;
             wherein
             it
             seems
             to
             the
             Council
             ,
             That
             there
             is
             nothing
             of
             severity
             ordain'd
             ,
             but
             what
             equally
             conduces
             to
             the
             security
             of
             both
             Republicks
             .
          
           
             As
             to
             the
             proving
             the
             Property
             of
             such
             Ships
             and
             Goods
             as
             shall
             be
             cast
             ashore
             by
             Shipwrack
             ,
             the
             Council
             deems
             it
             necessary
             that
             an
             Oath
             be
             Administred
             in
             those
             Courts
             which
             are
             already
             ,
             or
             shall
             hereafter
             be
             constituted
             ,
             where
             the
             Claimers
             may
             be
             severally
             heard
             ,
             and
             every
             
             Body's
             Right
             be
             determin'd
             and
             adjudg'd
             ;
             which
             cannot
             be
             so
             clearly
             and
             distinctly
             done
             by
             Written
             Certificates
             ,
             whence
             many
             scruples
             and
             doubts
             may
             arise
             ,
             and
             many
             frauds
             and
             deceits
             creep
             into
             that
             sort
             of
             proof
             ,
             which
             it
             concerns
             both
             Parties
             to
             prevent
             .
             The
             Council
             also
             deems
             it
             just
             ,
             that
             a
             certain
             time
             be
             prefix'd
             ,
             before
             which
             time
             whoever
             does
             not
             prove
             himself
             the
             lawful
             Owner
             of
             the
             said
             Goods
             ,
             shall
             be
             excluded
             ,
             to
             avoid
             Suits
             .
             But
             as
             to
             the
             manner
             of
             putting
             Perishable
             Goods
             to
             Sale
             that
             are
             cast
             A
             shore
             by
             Shipwrack
             ,
             the
             Council
             thinks
             it
             meet
             to
             propose
             the
             way
             of
             selling
             by
             Inch
             of
             Candle
             ,
             as
             being
             the
             most
             probable
             means
             to
             procure
             the
             true
             value
             of
             the
             Goods
             for
             the
             best
             Advantage
             of
             the
             Proprietors
             .
             Nevertheless
             ,
             if
             the
             foresaid
             Lords
             Embassadours
             shall
             propose
             any
             other
             method
             already
             found
             out
             which
             may
             more
             properly
             conduce
             to
             this
             end
             ,
             the
             Council
             will
             be
             no
             hinderance
             ,
             
             but
             that
             what
             is
             just
             may
             be
             put
             in
             practice
             .
             Neither
             is
             it
             to
             be
             understood
             ,
             that
             the
             consideration
             of
             this
             matter
             shall
             put
             any
             stop
             to
             the
             Treaty
             .
          
           
             As
             to
             the
             Punishment
             of
             those
             that
             shall
             violate
             the
             propounded
             Treaty
             ,
             the
             Council
             has
             made
             that
             Addition
             which
             is
             mention'd
             in
             their
             Answer
             to
             the
             Fourteenth
             Article
             for
             the
             greater
             force
             and
             efficacy
             of
             that
             Article
             ,
             and
             thereby
             to
             render
             the
             League
             it self
             more
             firm
             and
             lasting
             .
          
           
             As
             to
             the
             last
             Clause
             of
             the
             Fourteenth
             Article
             ,
             we
             think
             it
             not
             proper
             to
             give
             our
             Assent
             to
             those
             Leagues
             and
             Alliances
             ,
             of
             which
             mention
             is
             made
             in
             the
             foresaid
             Answers
             ,
             and
             which
             are
             only
             generally
             propounded
             ,
             before
             it
             be
             more
             clearly
             apparent
             to
             us
             what
             they
             are
             .
             But
             when
             your
             Excellencies
             shall
             be
             pleas'd
             to
             explain
             those
             matters
             more
             clearly
             to
             the
             Council
             ,
             we
             may
             be
             able
             to
             give
             a
             more
             express
             Answer
             to
             those
             Particulars
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             A
             Reply
             of
             the
             Council
             of
             State
             to
             the
             Answer
             of
             the
             foresaid
             Lords
             Embassodours
             ,
             which
             was
             return'd
             to
             the
             Six
             Articles
             propounded
             by
             the
             Council
             aforesaid
             ,
             in
             the
             Name
             of
             the
             Republick
             of
             England
             .
          
           
             THE
             Council
             having
             view'd
             the
             Commissions
             of
             the
             foresaid
             Lords
             Embassadors
             ,
             giving
             them
             Power
             to
             Transact
             with
             the
             Parlament
             or
             their
             Commissioners
             ,
             concerning
             all
             things
             expedient
             to
             be
             Transacted
             in
             order
             to
             the
             reviving
             the
             old
             Leagues
             or
             adding
             new
             ones
             ,
             believ'd
             indeed
             the
             foresaid
             Lords
             to
             have
             bin
             furnish'd
             with
             that
             Authority
             as
             to
             be
             able
             to
             return
             Answers
             ,
             and
             Negotiate
             all
             things
             ,
             as
             well
             such
             as
             should
             be
             propounded
             by
             this
             Republick
             ,
             as
             on
             the
             behalf
             of
             the
             
               King
               of
               Danemark
               and
               Norway
            
             ,
             and
             so
             did
             not
             expect
             the
             Replies
             which
             it
             has
             pleas'd
             the
             foresaid
             Lords
             Embassadors
             to
             give
             to
             the
             
               First
               ,
               Second
               ,
               
               Third
            
             and
             Fifth
             demand
             of
             the
             Council
             ;
             whereby
             of
             necessity
             a
             stop
             will
             be
             put
             to
             this
             Treaty
             ,
             in
             regard
             it
             is
             but
             just
             in
             it self
             ,
             and
             so
             resolv'd
             on
             in
             Council
             ,
             to
             comprehend
             the
             whole
             League
             ,
             and
             to
             Treat
             at
             the
             same
             time
             as
             well
             concerning
             those
             things
             which
             regard
             this
             Republick
             ,
             as
             those
             other
             matters
             which
             concern
             the
             King
             of
             Danemark
             and
             Norway
             .
             Wherefore
             it
             is
             the
             earnest
             desire
             of
             the
             Council
             ,
             That
             your
             Excellencies
             would
             be
             pleasd
             to
             return
             an
             Answer
             to
             our
             First
             ,
             Second
             ,
             Third
             ,
             and
             Fifth
             demand
             .
          
           
             As
             to
             the
             Fourth
             Article
             concerning
             the
             Customs
             of
             Gluckstadt
             ,
             in
             regard
             they
             are
             now
             abolish'd
             ,
             as
             your
             Excellencies
             have
             mention'd
             in
             your
             Answer
             ,
             the
             Council
             presses
             that
             their
             Abrogation
             may
             be
             ratifi'd
             by
             this
             Treaty
             ,
             lest
             they
             should
             be
             reimpos'd
             hereafter
             .
          
           
             As
             to
             the
             Sixth
             Article
             concerning
             Pyracy
             ,
             the
             Counil
             inserted
             it
             ,
             as
             equally
             appertaining
             to
             the
             benefit
             of
             
             both
             ,
             and
             to
             the
             establishing
             of
             Trade
             in
             common
             ,
             which
             is
             much
             disturb'd
             by
             Pyrates
             and
             Sea-Robbers
             .
             And
             whereas
             the
             Answer
             of
             the
             Lords
             Embassadors
             ,
             as
             to
             this
             Article
             ,
             relates
             onely
             to
             Enemies
             ,
             but
             makes
             no
             mention
             of
             Pyrates
             ,
             the
             Council
             therefore
             desires
             a
             more
             distinct
             Reply
             to
             it
             .
          
           
             And
             whereas
             the
             foresaid
             Lords
             Embassadors
             in
             their
             Reply
             to
             the
             Answer
             of
             the
             Council
             ,
             have
             pass'd
             over
             both
             their
             Tenth
             Article
             and
             the
             Answer
             of
             the
             Council
             to
             it
             ,
             the
             Council
             have
             thought
             it
             necessary
             to
             add
             this
             following
             Article
             to
             their
             following
             Demands
             .
          
           
             That
             the
             People
             and
             Inhabitants
             of
             the
             Republick
             of
             England
             Trading
             into
             any
             Kingdoms
             ,
             Regions
             ,
             or
             Territories
             of
             the
             King
             of
             Danemark
             and
             Norway
             ,
             shall
             not
             for
             the
             future
             pay
             any
             more
             Customs
             ,
             Tribute
             ,
             Taxes
             ,
             Duties
             or
             Stipends
             ,
             or
             in
             any
             other
             manner
             ,
             then
             the
             People
             of
             the
             
               Vnited
               Provinces
            
             ,
             or
             any
             other
             Foreign
             
             Nation
             that
             pays
             the
             least
             ,
             coming
             in
             or
             going
             out
             of
             Harbour
             ;
             and
             shall
             enjoy
             the
             same
             and
             as
             equally
             ample
             Freedom
             ,
             Privileges
             and
             Immunities
             ,
             both
             coming
             and
             going
             ,
             and
             so
             long
             as
             they
             shall
             reside
             in
             the
             Countrey
             ,
             as
             also
             in
             Fishing
             ,
             Tradeing
             ,
             or
             in
             any
             other
             manner
             ,
             which
             any
             other
             People
             of
             a
             Foreign
             Nation
             enjoys
             ,
             or
             may
             enjoy
             in
             the
             foresaid
             Kingdoms
             ,
             and
             throughout
             the
             whole
             Dominions
             of
             the
             said
             King
             of
             Danemark
             and
             Norway
             .
             Which
             Privileges
             also
             the
             Subjects
             of
             the
             King
             of
             Danemark
             and
             Norway
             shall
             equally
             enjoy
             throughout
             all
             the
             Territories
             and
             Dominions
             of
             the
             Republick
             of
             England
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             The
             Council
             of
             State
             of
             the
             Republick
             of
             England
             ,
             to
             the
             most
             Serene
             Prince
             ,
             Ferdinand
             the
             Second
             ,
             Grand
             Duke
             of
             Tuscany
             ,
             Greeting
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               Prince
               ,
               our
               dearest
               Friend
               ,
            
          
           
             THE
             
               Council
               of
               State
            
             understanding
             as
             well
             by
             your
             Highness's
             Agent
             here
             residing
             ,
             as
             by
             
               Charles
               Longland
            
             ,
             chief
             Factor
             for
             the
             English
             at
             Leghorn
             ,
             with
             what
             Affectiou
             and
             Fidelity
             your
             Highness
             undertook
             the
             Protection
             of
             the
             English
             Vessels
             ,
             putting
             in
             to
             the
             Port
             of
             Leghorn
             for
             shelter
             ,
             against
             the
             Dutch
             Men
             of
             War
             threatning
             'em
             with
             nothing
             but
             Ransack
             and
             Destruction
             ,
             by
             their
             Letters
             of
             the
             29th
             .
             of
             July
             (
             which
             they
             hope
             are
             by
             this
             time
             come
             to
             your
             Highness's
             hands
             )
             have
             made
             known
             to
             your
             Highness
             how
             grateful
             and
             how
             acceptable
             it
             was
             to
             'em
             ;
             and
             at
             the
             same
             time
             sent
             to
             your
             Serenity
             a
             Declaration
             of
             the
             
               Parlament
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               
               of
            
             England
             concerning
             the
             present
             Differences
             between
             this
             Republick
             and
             the
             
               Vnited
               Provinces
            
             .
             And
             whereas
             the
             Council
             has
             again
             bin
             inform'd
             by
             the
             same
             
               Charles
               Longland
            
             ,
             what
             further
             Commands
             your
             Highness
             gave
             for
             the
             security
             and
             defence
             of
             the
             English
             Vessels
             ,
             notwithstanding
             the
             opposite
             endeavours
             of
             the
             Dutch
             ,
             they
             deem'd
             this
             opportunity
             not
             to
             be
             pass'd
             over
             ,
             to
             let
             your
             Highness
             understand
             once
             more
             ,
             how
             highly
             they
             esteem
             your
             Justice
             and
             singular
             Constancy
             in
             defending
             their
             Vessels
             ,
             and
             how
             acceptable
             they
             took
             so
             great
             a
             piece
             of
             Service
             .
             Which
             being
             no
             mean
             testimony
             of
             your
             solid
             Friendship
             and
             Affection
             to
             this
             Republick
             ;
             your
             Highness
             may
             assure
             your self
             ,
             that
             the
             same
             offices
             of
             Kindness
             and
             good
             Will
             toward
             your
             Highness
             shall
             never
             be
             wanting
             in
             us
             ;
             such
             as
             may
             be
             able
             to
             demonstrate
             how
             firmly
             we
             are
             resolv'd
             to
             cultivate
             both
             long
             and
             constantly
             ,
             
             to
             the
             utmost
             of
             our
             Power
             ,
             that
             Friendship
             which
             is
             between
             your
             Serenity
             and
             this
             Republick
             .
             In
             the
             mean
             time
             we
             have
             expresly
             commanded
             all
             our
             Ships
             upon
             their
             entrance
             into
             your
             Ports
             not
             to
             fail
             of
             paying
             the
             accustom'd
             Salutes
             by
             Firing
             their
             Guns
             ,
             and
             to
             give
             all
             other
             due
             Honours
             to
             your
             Highness
             .
          
           
             
               
                 White
                 Hall
              
               ,
               
                 Sep.
                 —
                 1652.
                 
              
            
             Seal'd
             with
             the
             Council
             Seal
             ,
             and
             Subscrib'd
             .
             President
             .
          
        
         
           
             To
             the
             Spanish
             Embassador
             ,
             Alphonso
             de
             Cardenas
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Excellent
               Lord
               ,
            
          
           
             YOUR
             Excelleny's
             Letters
             of
             the
             1
             /
             11
             of
             
               November
               ,
               1652.
            
             deliver'd
             by
             your
             Secretary
             ,
             together
             with
             Two
             Petitions
             inclos'd
             ,
             concerning
             the
             Ships
             ,
             the
             Sampson
             and
             
             
               Sun
               Salvadore
            
             ,
             were
             read
             in
             Council
             .
             To
             which
             the
             Council
             returns
             this
             Answer
             ,
             That
             the
             English
             Man
             of
             War
             meeting
             with
             the
             foresaid
             Ships
             ,
             not
             in
             the
             Downes
             ,
             as
             your
             Excellency
             Writes
             ,
             but
             in
             the
             open
             Sea
             ,
             brought
             'em
             into
             Port
             as
             Enemies
             Ships
             ,
             and
             therefore
             Lawful
             Prize
             ;
             and
             the
             Court
             of
             Admiralty
             ,
             to
             which
             it
             properly
             belongs
             to
             take
             Cognizance
             of
             all
             Causes
             of
             this
             nature
             ,
             have
             undertaken
             to
             determin
             the
             Right
             in
             dispute
             .
             Where
             all
             Parties
             concern'd
             on
             both
             sides
             shall
             be
             fully
             and
             freely
             heard
             ,
             and
             you
             may
             be
             assur'd
             that
             Right
             shall
             take
             place
             .
             We
             have
             also
             sent
             your
             Excellency's
             request
             to
             the
             Judges
             of
             that
             Court
             ,
             to
             the
             end
             we
             may
             more
             certainly
             understand
             what
             progress
             they
             have
             made
             in
             their
             proceeding
             to
             Judgement
             .
             Of
             which
             so
             soon
             as
             we
             are
             rightly
             inform'd
             ,
             we
             shall
             take
             care
             that
             such
             Orders
             shall
             be
             given
             in
             this
             matter
             ,
             as
             shall
             correspond
             with
             Justice
             ,
             and
             become
             the
             
             Friendship
             that
             is
             between
             this
             Republick
             and
             your
             King.
             Nor
             are
             we
             less
             confident
             ,
             that
             his
             Royal
             Majesty
             will
             by
             no
             means
             permit
             the
             Goods
             of
             the
             Enemies
             of
             this
             Commonwealth
             to
             be
             conceal'd
             and
             escape
             due
             Confiscation
             under
             the
             shelter
             of
             being
             own'd
             by
             his
             Subjects
             .
          
           
             
               White-Hall
               ,
               
                 Nov.
                 11.
                 1652.
                 
              
            
             Seal'd
             with
             the
             Council
             Seal
             ,
             and
             Subscrib'd
             ,
             
               William
               Masham
               ,
               President
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             To
             the
             Spanish
             Embassador
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Excellent
               Lord
               ,
            
          
           
             BUT
             lately
             the
             Council
             has
             bin
             inform'd
             by
             Captain
             Badiley
             ,
             Admiral
             of
             the
             Fleet
             of
             this
             Republick
             in
             the
             Streights
             ,
             that
             after
             he
             himself
             ,
             together
             with
             three
             other
             Men
             of
             War
             ,
             had
             for
             two
             days
             together
             
             engag'd
             Eleven
             of
             the
             Dutch
             ,
             put
             into
             
               Porto
               Longone
            
             ,
             as
             well
             to
             repair
             the
             Damages
             he
             had
             receiv'd
             in
             the
             Fight
             ,
             as
             also
             to
             supply
             himself
             with
             Warlike
             Ammunition
             ;
             where
             the
             Governor
             of
             the
             Place
             perform'd
             all
             the
             good
             Offices
             of
             a
             most
             just
             and
             courteous
             Person
             ,
             as
             well
             toward
             his
             own
             ,
             as
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Men
             of
             War
             under
             his
             Conduct
             .
             Now
             in
             regard
             that
             that
             same
             Place
             is
             under
             the
             Dominion
             of
             the
             Most
             Serene
             King
             of
             Spain
             ,
             the
             Council
             cannot
             but
             look
             upon
             the
             singular
             Civility
             of
             that
             Garison
             to
             be
             the
             copious
             fruit
             of
             that
             stricter
             mutual
             Amity
             so
             auspiciously
             commenc'd
             ;
             and
             therefore
             deem
             it
             to
             be
             a
             part
             of
             their
             duty
             to
             return
             their
             thanks
             to
             his
             Majesty
             for
             a
             Kindness
             so
             opportunely
             receiv'd
             ,
             and
             desire
             your
             Excellency
             to
             signify
             this
             to
             your
             most
             Serene
             King
             ,
             and
             to
             assure
             him
             that
             the
             
               Parlament
               of
               the
               Common-wealth
               of
            
             England
             will
             
             be
             always
             ready
             to
             make
             the
             same
             returns
             of
             Friendship
             and
             Civility
             upon
             all
             occasion
             offer'd
             .
          
           
             
               Westminster
               ,
               
                 Nov.
                 11.
                 1652.
                 
              
            
             Seal'd
             with
             the
             Councel
             Seal
             ,
             and
             Subscrib'd
             ,
             
               William
               Masham
               ,
               President
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             The
             Parlament
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             to
             the
             Most
             Serene
             Prince
             ,
             Ferdinand
             the
             Second
             ,
             Grand
             Duke
             of
             Tuscany
             ,
             Greeting
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               Prince
               ,
               our
               dearest
               Friend
               ,
            
          
           
             THE
             
               Parlament
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               of
            
             England
             has
             receiv'd
             your
             Letters
             dated
             from
             
               Florence
               ,
               August
               17.
            
             concerning
             the
             restitution
             of
             a
             certain
             Ship
             laden
             with
             Rice
             ,
             which
             Ship
             is
             claim'd
             by
             Captain
             Cardi
             of
             Leghorn
             .
             And
             though
             the
             Judges
             of
             our
             Admiralty
             have
             already
             pronounc'd
             Sentence
             in
             that
             Cause
             against
             the
             foresaid
             Cardi
             ,
             
             and
             that
             there
             be
             an
             Appeal
             depending
             before
             the
             Delegates
             ;
             yet
             upon
             your
             Highness's
             Request
             ,
             the
             Parlament
             ,
             to
             testify
             how
             much
             they
             value
             the
             good
             Will
             and
             Alliance
             of
             a
             Prince
             so
             much
             their
             Friend
             ,
             have
             given
             Order
             to
             those
             who
             are
             entrusted
             with
             this
             Affair
             ,
             that
             the
             said
             Ship
             ,
             together
             with
             the
             Rice
             ,
             or
             at
             least
             the
             full
             Price
             of
             it
             ,
             be
             restor'd
             to
             the
             foresaid
             Captain
             Cardi
             ;
             the
             fruit
             of
             which
             Command
             his
             Proctor
             here
             has
             effectually
             already
             reap'd
             .
             And
             as
             your
             Highness
             by
             favourably
             affording
             your
             Patronage
             and
             Protection
             to
             the
             Ships
             of
             the
             English
             in
             your
             Port
             of
             Leghorn
             ,
             has
             in
             a
             more
             especial
             manner
             ty'd
             the
             Parlament
             to
             your
             Serenity
             ;
             so
             will
             they
             ,
             on
             the
             other
             side
             ,
             take
             care
             ,
             as
             often
             as
             opportunity
             offers
             ,
             that
             all
             their
             Offices
             of
             sincere
             Friendship
             and
             good-will
             toward
             your
             Highness
             may
             be
             solidly
             effectual
             and
             permanent
             ;
             
             withal
             recommending
             your
             Highness
             to
             the
             Divine
             Benignity
             and
             Protection
             of
             the
             Almighty
             .
          
           
             
               Westminster
               ,
               
                 Nov.
                 1652.
                 
              
            
             Seal'd
             with
             the
             Seal
             of
             the
             Common-wealth
             ,
             and
             Subscrib'd
             ,
             Speaker
             ,
             &c.
             
          
        
         
           
             The
             Parlament
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             to
             the
             Most
             Serene
             and
             Potent
             Prince
             ,
             King
             of
             Danemark
             .
             &c.
             
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               and
               Potent
               King
               ,
            
          
           
             THE
             
               Parlament
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               of
            
             England
             have
             received
             Information
             from
             their
             Admiral
             of
             that
             Fleet
             so
             lately
             sent
             to
             Copenhagen
             ,
             your
             Majesty's
             Port
             ,
             to
             Convoy
             our
             Merchants
             homeward
             bound
             ,
             that
             the
             foresaid
             Ships
             are
             not
             permitted
             to
             return
             along
             with
             
             him
             ,
             as
             being
             detain'd
             by
             your
             Majesty's
             Command
             ;
             and
             upon
             his
             producing
             your
             Royal
             Letters
             declaring
             your
             Justifications
             of
             the
             matter
             of
             Fact
             ,
             the
             Parlament
             denies
             that
             the
             Reasons
             laid
             down
             in
             those
             Letters
             for
             the
             detaining
             of
             those
             Ships
             are
             any
             way
             satisfactory
             to
             '
             em
             .
             Therefore
             that
             some
             speedy
             Remedy
             may
             be
             appli'd
             in
             a
             matter
             os
             so
             great
             moment
             ,
             and
             so
             highly
             conducing
             to
             the
             prosperity
             of
             both
             Nations
             ,
             for
             preventing
             a
             greater
             ,
             perhaps
             ,
             ensuing
             mischief
             ,
             the
             Parlament
             have
             sent
             their
             Resident
             at
             
               Himborough
               ,
               Richard
               Bradshaw
            
             ,
             Esquire
             ,
             a
             Person
             of
             great
             Worth
             and
             known
             Fidelity
             ,
             with
             express
             Commands
             to
             Treat
             with
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             as
             their
             Agent
             also
             in
             Danemark
             ,
             concerning
             this
             Affair
             .
             And
             therefore
             we
             entreat
             your
             Majesty
             to
             give
             him
             a
             favourable
             Audience
             and
             ample
             Credit
             in
             whatever
             he
             shall
             propose
             to
             your
             Majesty
             on
             our
             behalf
             ,
             in
             
             reference
             to
             this
             matter
             .
             In
             the
             mean
             time
             recommending
             your
             Majesty
             to
             the
             Protection
             of
             Divine
             Providence
             .
          
           
             
               Westminster
               ,
               
                 Nov.
                 6.
                 1652.
                 
              
            
             Under
             the
             Seal
             of
             the
             Parlament
             ,
             and
             in
             their
             Name
             ,
             and
             by
             their
             Authority
             ,
             Subscrib'd
             ,
             Speaker
             ,
             &c.
             
          
        
         
           
             The
             Parlament
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             to
             the
             Most
             Serene
             Prince
             the
             Duke
             of
             Venice
             ,
             Greeting
             .
          
           
             THE
             
               Parlament
               of
               the
               Common-wealth
               of
            
             England
             has
             receiv'd
             your
             Highness's
             Letters
             ,
             dated
             
               June
               1.
               1652.
            
             and
             deliver'd
             by
             
               Lorenzo
               Pallutio
            
             ,
             wherein
             they
             not
             onely
             ,
             gladly
             perceive
             both
             yours
             ,
             and
             the
             cordial
             Inclinations
             of
             the
             Senate
             toward
             this
             Republick
             ,
             but
             have
             
             willingly
             laid
             hold
             of
             this
             opportunity
             to
             declare
             their
             singular
             Affection
             and
             good
             Will
             toward
             the
             Most
             Serene
             Republick
             of
             Venice
             ;
             which
             they
             shall
             be
             always
             ready
             to
             make
             manifest
             both
             really
             and
             sincerely
             ,
             as
             often
             as
             opportunity
             offers
             .
             To
             whom
             also
             all
             the
             ways
             and
             means
             that
             shall
             be
             propounded
             to
             'em
             for
             the
             preserving
             or
             encreasing
             mutual
             Friendship
             and
             Alliance
             ,
             shall
             be
             ever
             most
             acceptable
             .
             In
             the
             mean
             time
             we
             heartily
             pray
             that
             all
             things
             Prosperous
             ,
             all
             things
             Favourable
             ,
             may
             befall
             your
             Highness
             and
             the
             Most
             Serene
             Republick
             .
          
           
             
               Westminster
               ,
               
                 December
                 ,
                 1652.
                 
              
            
             Seal'd
             with
             the
             Parlament
             Seal
             ,
             and
             Subscrib'd
             ,
             Speaker
             ,
             &c.
             
          
        
         
           
           
             The
             Parlament
             of
             the
             Republick
             of
             England
             ,
             to
             the
             Most
             Serene
             Prince
             ,
             Ferdinand
             the
             Second
             ,
             Grand
             Duke
             of
             Tuscany
             ,
             Greeting
             .
          
           
             ALthough
             the
             Parlament
             of
             the
             Republick
             of
             England
             some
             time
             since
             redoubl'd
             their
             Commands
             to
             all
             the
             chief
             Captains
             and
             Masters
             of
             Ships
             arriving
             in
             the
             Ports
             belonging
             to
             your
             Highness
             ,
             to
             carry
             themselves
             peacefully
             and
             civilly
             ,
             and
             with
             becoming
             observance
             and
             duty
             to
             a
             most
             Serene
             Prince
             ,
             whose
             Friendship
             this
             Republick
             so
             earnestly
             endeavours
             to
             preserve
             ,
             as
             having
             bin
             oblig'd
             by
             so
             many
             great
             Kindnesses
             ;
             an
             Accident
             altogether
             unexpected
             has
             fallen
             out
             ,
             through
             the
             Insolence
             ,
             as
             they
             hear
             ,
             of
             Captain
             Appleton
             in
             the
             Port
             of
             Leghorn
             ,
             who
             offer'd
             Violence
             to
             the
             Sentinel
             then
             doing
             his
             Duty
             upon
             the
             Mole
             ,
             against
             the
             Faith
             and
             Duty
             which
             he
             ows
             this
             Republick
             ,
             and
             in
             contempt
             
             of
             the
             Reverence
             and
             Honour
             which
             is
             justly
             owing
             to
             your
             Highness
             :
             the
             relation
             of
             which
             Action
             ,
             as
             it
             was
             really
             committed
             ,
             the
             Parlament
             has
             understood
             by
             your
             Letters
             of
             the
             7th
             .
             and
             9th
             .
             of
             December
             ,
             dated
             from
             Florence
             ;
             as
             also
             more
             at
             large
             by
             the
             most
             Worthy
             
               Almeric
               Salvetti
            
             ,
             your
             Resident
             here
             .
             And
             they
             have
             so
             sincerely
             laid
             to
             heart
             your
             Highness's
             Honour
             ,
             which
             is
             the
             main
             concern
             of
             this
             Complaint
             ,
             that
             they
             have
             referr'd
             it
             to
             the
             
               Council
               of
               State
            
             ,
             to
             take
             care
             that
             Letters
             be
             sent
             to
             Captain
             Appleton
             ,
             to
             come
             away
             without
             stop
             or
             stay
             by
             Land
             ,
             in
             order
             to
             his
             giving
             an
             Account
             of
             this
             unwonted
             and
             extraordinary
             Act
             (
             a
             Copy
             of
             which
             Letters
             is
             sent
             herewith
             enclos'd
             )
             who
             so
             soon
             as
             he
             shall
             arrive
             ,
             and
             be
             accus'd
             of
             the
             Fact
             ,
             we
             promise
             that
             such
             a
             course
             shall
             be
             taken
             with
             him
             ,
             as
             may
             sufficiently
             testify
             that
             we
             no
             less
             heinoussy
             brook
             the
             violation
             of
             your
             Right
             ,
             then
             the
             Infringement
             
             of
             our
             own
             Authority
             .
             Moreover
             ,
             upon
             mature
             debate
             concerning
             the
             recover'd
             Ship
             ,
             call'd
             the
             Phoenix
             of
             Leghorn
             ,
             which
             Affair
             is
             also
             related
             and
             press'd
             by
             your
             Highness
             and
             your
             Resident
             here
             ,
             to
             have
             bin
             done
             by
             Captain
             Appleton
             ,
             contrary
             to
             promise
             given
             ,
             whereby
             he
             was
             oblig'd
             not
             to
             fall
             upon
             even
             the
             Hollanders
             themselves
             within
             sight
             of
             the
             Lanthorn
             ;
             and
             that
             your
             Highness
             ,
             trusting
             to
             that
             Faith
             ,
             promis'd
             security
             to
             the
             Hollanders
             upon
             your
             word
             ;
             and
             therefore
             that
             we
             ought
             to
             take
             care
             for
             the
             satisfaction
             of
             those
             who
             suffer
             damage
             under
             the
             Protection
             of
             your
             Promise
             ;
             the
             Parlament
             begs
             of
             your
             Excellency
             to
             be
             assur'd
             ,
             That
             this
             Fact
             ,
             as
             it
             was
             committed
             without
             their
             Advice
             or
             Command
             ,
             so
             it
             is
             most
             remote
             from
             their
             Will
             and
             Intention
             that
             your
             Highness
             should
             undergo
             any
             Detriment
             or
             Diminution
             of
             
             your
             Honour
             by
             it
             .
             Rather
             they
             will
             make
             it
             their
             business
             ,
             that
             some
             Expedient
             may
             be
             found
             out
             for
             your
             satisfaction
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             nature
             of
             the
             Fact
             upon
             Examination
             of
             the
             whole
             matter
             .
             Which
             that
             they
             may
             so
             much
             the
             more
             fully
             understand
             ,
             they
             deem
             it
             necessary
             that
             Captain
             Appleton
             himself
             should
             be
             heard
             ,
             who
             was
             bound
             by
             the
             same
             Faith
             ,
             and
             is
             thought
             by
             your
             Excellency
             at
             least
             to
             have
             consented
             to
             the
             violation
             of
             it
             ;
             especially
             since
             he
             is
             so
             suddenly
             to
             return
             home
             .
             And
             so
             soon
             as
             the
             Parlament
             has
             heard
             him
             ,
             and
             have
             more
             at
             large
             conferr'd
             with
             your
             Resident
             concerning
             this
             matter
             of
             no
             small
             moment
             ,
             they
             will
             pronounce
             that
             Sentence
             that
             shall
             be
             Just
             ,
             and
             Consentaneous
             to
             that
             extream
             good-will
             which
             they
             bear
             to
             your
             Highness
             ,
             and
             no
             way
             unworthy
             the
             favours
             by
             you
             conferr'd
             upon
             '
             em
             .
             Of
             which
             ,
             
             that
             your
             Highness
             might
             not
             make
             the
             least
             question
             in
             the
             mean
             time
             ,
             we
             were
             willing
             to
             certify
             your
             Highness
             by
             this
             Express
             on
             purpose
             sent
             ,
             that
             we
             shall
             omit
             no
             opportunity
             to
             testify
             how
             greatly
             we
             value
             your
             Friendship
             .
          
           
             
               Westminster
               ,
               
                 Dec.
                 14.
                 1652.
                 
              
            
             Seal'd
             with
             the
             Parlament
             Seal
             ,
             and
             Subscrib'd
             ,
             Speaker
             ,
             &c.
             
          
        
         
           
             The
             Council
             of
             State
             of
             the
             Republick
             of
             England
             ,
             to
             the
             most
             Serene
             Prince
             ,
             Frederick
             ,
             Heire
             of
             Norway
             ,
             Duke
             of
             Sleswick
             ,
             Holsatia
             ,
             Stormaria
             ,
             Ditmarsh
             ,
             Count
             in
             Oldenburgh
             and
             Delmenhort
             ,
             Greeting
             .
          
           
             THough
             it
             has
             pleas'd
             the
             Most
             Wise
             God
             ,
             and
             Most
             Merciful
             Moderator
             of
             all
             things
             ,
             besides
             the
             Burthen
             which
             he
             laid
             upon
             us
             in
             
             common
             with
             our
             Ancestors
             ,
             to
             wage
             most
             just
             Wars
             in
             defence
             of
             our
             Liberty
             against
             Tyrannical
             Usurpation
             ,
             signally
             also
             to
             succour
             us
             with
             those
             Auspices
             and
             that
             Divine
             Assistance
             ,
             beyond
             what
             he
             afforded
             to
             our
             Predecessors
             ,
             that
             we
             have
             bin
             able
             not
             only
             to
             extinguish
             a
             Civil
             War
             ,
             but
             to
             extirpate
             the
             Causes
             of
             it
             for
             the
             future
             ,
             as
             also
             to
             repel
             the
             unexpected
             Violences
             of
             Foreign
             Enemies
             ;
             Nevertheless
             ,
             with
             grateful
             minds
             ,
             as
             much
             as
             in
             us
             lies
             ,
             acknowledging
             the
             same
             Favour
             and
             Benignity
             of
             the
             Supreme
             Deity
             toward
             us
             ,
             we
             are
             not
             so
             puft
             up
             with
             the
             success
             of
             our
             Affairs
             ,
             but
             that
             rather
             instructed
             in
             the
             singular
             Justice
             and
             Providence
             of
             God
             ,
             and
             having
             had
             long
             experience
             our selves
             ,
             we
             abominate
             the
             thoughts
             of
             War
             ,
             if
             possible
             to
             be
             avoided
             ,
             and
             most
             eagerly
             embrace
             Peace
             with
             all
             men
             .
             Therefore
             as
             hitherto
             we
             never
             were
             the
             first
             that
             violated
             or
             desir'd
             the
             violation
             of
             that
             Friendship
             ,
             or
             those
             
             ancient
             Privileges
             of
             Leagues
             that
             have
             bin
             ratifi'd
             between
             us
             and
             any
             Princes
             or
             People
             whatever
             ;
             so
             your
             Highness
             ,
             in
             consideration
             of
             your
             ancient
             Amity
             with
             the
             English
             ,
             left
             us
             by
             our
             Ancestors
             ,
             may
             with
             a
             most
             certain
             assurance
             promise
             both
             your self
             and
             your
             People
             all
             things
             equitable
             ,
             and
             all
             things
             friendly
             from
             us
             .
             Lastly
             ,
             as
             we
             highly
             value
             ,
             which
             is
             no
             more
             then
             what
             is
             just
             and
             reasonable
             ,
             the
             testimonies
             of
             your
             affection
             and
             good
             offices
             offer'd
             us
             ,
             so
             we
             shall
             make
             it
             our
             business
             that
             you
             may
             not
             at
             any
             time
             be
             sensible
             of
             the
             want
             of
             ours
             either
             to
             your self
             or
             yours
             .
             And
             so
             we
             most
             heartily
             recommend
             your
             Highness
             to
             the
             Omnipotent
             Protection
             of
             the
             Almighty
             God.
             
          
           
             
               White-Hall
               ,
               
                 July
                 —
                 1653.
                 
              
            
             Seal'd
             with
             the
             Council-Seal
             ,
             and
             Subscrib'd
             ,
             President
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             To
             the
             Count
             of
             Oldenburgh
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Illustrious
               Lord
               ,
            
          
           
             THE
             
               Parlament
               of
               the
               Common-wealth
               of
            
             England
             have
             receiv'd
             an
             extraordinary
             Congratulation
             from
             your
             Excellency
             ,
             most
             kindly
             and
             courteously
             deliver'd
             to
             us
             by
             word
             of
             mouth
             by
             
               Herman
               Mylius
            
             ,
             your
             Councellor
             and
             Doctor
             of
             Laws
             ;
             who
             wish'd
             all
             things
             Lucky
             and
             Prosperous
             ,
             in
             your
             Name
             ,
             to
             the
             Parlament
             and
             English
             Interest
             ,
             and
             desir'd
             that
             the
             Friendship
             of
             this
             Republick
             might
             remain
             inviolable
             within
             your
             Territories
             .
             He
             also
             desir'd
             Letters
             of
             safe
             Conduct
             ,
             to
             the
             end
             your
             Subjects
             may
             the
             more
             securely
             Trade
             and
             Sail
             from
             place
             to
             place
             ;
             together
             with
             our
             Orders
             to
             our
             publick
             Ministers
             abroad
             ,
             to
             be
             Aiding
             and
             assisting
             to
             your
             Excellency
             and
             your
             Interests
             with
             their
             good
             Offices
             and
             Counsels
             .
             To
             which
             Requests
             of
             his
             we
             willingly
             
             consented
             ,
             and
             granted
             both
             our
             Friendship
             ,
             the
             Letters
             desir'd
             ,
             and
             our
             Orders
             to
             our
             Publick
             Ministers
             under
             the
             Seal
             of
             the
             Parlament
             .
             And
             though
             it
             be
             some
             Months
             ago
             since
             your
             Publick
             Minister
             first
             came
             to
             us
             ,
             however
             that
             delay
             neither
             arose
             from
             any
             unwillingness
             on
             our
             part
             ,
             to
             assent
             to
             the
             request
             made
             in
             your
             Excellency's
             Name
             ,
             or
             that
             your
             Deputy
             was
             at
             any
             time
             wanting
             in
             his
             Sedulity
             (
             whose
             Solicitations
             were
             daily
             and
             earnest
             with
             all
             the
             Diligence
             and
             Importunity
             that
             became
             him
             ,
             to
             the
             end
             he
             might
             be
             dispatch'd
             )
             but
             onely
             it
             happen'd
             so
             ,
             that
             at
             that
             time
             the
             greatest
             and
             most
             weighty
             Affairs
             of
             the
             Republick
             were
             under
             Debate
             and
             serious
             Negotiation
             .
             Of
             which
             we
             thought
             meet
             to
             certifie
             your
             Illustrious
             Lordship
             ,
             lest
             any
             body
             through
             a
             false
             construction
             of
             this
             delay
             ,
             should
             think
             those
             Favours
             unwillingly
             or
             hardly
             obtain'd
             ,
             which
             were
             most
             gladly
             granted
             by
             
             the
             Parlament
             of
             the
             Common-wealth
             of
             England
             .
             In
             whose
             Name
             these
             are
             commanded
             to
             be
             Sign'd
             ,
          
           
             
               
                 Henry
                 Scobel
              
               ,
               Clerk
               of
               the
               Parlament
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             To
             the
             Most
             Illustrious
             and
             Noble
             Senators
             ,
             Scultets
             ,
             Landam
             .
             ,
             and
             Senators
             of
             the
             Evangelick
             Cantons
             of
             Switzerland
             ,
             Zurick
             ,
             Bern
             ,
             Glaris
             ,
             Bale
             ,
             Schaffhusen
             ,
             Appenzel
             ,
             also
             of
             the
             Confederates
             of
             the
             same
             Religion
             in
             the
             Countrey
             of
             the
             Grisons
             ,
             of
             Geneva
             ,
             St.
             Gall
             ,
             Mulhausen
             and
             Bienne
             ;
             our
             dearest
             Friends
             .
          
           
             YOUR
             Letters
             ,
             most
             Illustrious
             Lords
             and
             Dearest
             Confederates
             ,
             dated
             
               December
               24.
            
             full
             of
             civility
             ,
             good-will
             ,
             and
             singular
             affection
             toward
             us
             and
             our
             Republick
             ,
             and
             what
             ought
             always
             to
             be
             greater
             and
             more
             sacred
             to
             us
             ,
             breathing
             Fraternal
             and
             truly
             Christian
             
             Charity
             ,
             we
             have
             receiv'd
             .
             And
             in
             the
             first
             place
             we
             return
             Thanks
             to
             Almighty
             God
             ,
             who
             has
             rais'd
             and
             establish'd
             both
             you
             and
             so
             many
             noble
             Cities
             ,
             not
             so
             much
             intrench'd
             and
             fortifi'd
             with
             those
             enclosures
             of
             Mountains
             ,
             as
             with
             your
             innate
             Fortitude
             ,
             Piety
             ,
             most
             prudent
             and
             just
             Administration
             of
             Government
             ,
             and
             the
             Faith
             of
             mutual
             Confederacies
             ,
             to
             be
             a
             firm
             and
             inaccessible
             shelter
             for
             all
             the
             truly
             Orthodox
             .
             Now
             then
             that
             you
             ,
             who
             over
             all
             Europe
             were
             the
             first
             of
             Mortals
             who
             after
             deluges
             of
             barbarous
             Tyrants
             from
             the
             North
             ,
             Heaven
             prospering
             your
             Valour
             ,
             recover'd
             your
             Liberty
             ,
             and
             being
             obtain'd
             ,
             for
             so
             many
             years
             have
             preserv'd
             it
             untainted
             ,
             with
             no
             less
             Prudence
             and
             Moderation
             ;
             that
             you
             should
             have
             such
             noble
             sentiments
             of
             our
             Liberty
             recover'd
             ;
             that
             you
             ,
             such
             sincere
             Worshippers
             of
             the
             Gospel
             ,
             should
             be
             so
             constantly
             perswaded
             of
             our
             Love
             and
             Affection
             
             for
             the
             Orthodox
             Faith
             ,
             is
             that
             which
             is
             most
             acceptable
             and
             wellcome
             to
             us
             .
             But
             as
             to
             your
             exhorting
             us
             to
             Peace
             ,
             with
             a
             Pious
             and
             Affectionate
             intent
             ,
             as
             we
             are
             fully
             assur'd
             ,
             certainly
             such
             an
             Admonition
             ought
             to
             be
             of
             great
             weight
             with
             us
             ;
             as
             well
             in
             respect
             of
             the
             thing
             it self
             which
             you
             perswade
             ,
             and
             which
             of
             all
             things
             is
             chiefly
             to
             be
             desir'd
             ,
             as
             also
             for
             the
             great
             Authority
             which
             is
             to
             be
             allow'd
             your
             Lordships
             above
             others
             in
             this
             particular
             ,
             who
             in
             the
             midst
             of
             loud
             tumultuons
             Wars
             on
             every
             side
             ,
             enjoy
             the
             sweets
             of
             Peace
             both
             at
             home
             and
             abroad
             ,
             and
             have
             approv'd
             your selves
             the
             best
             example
             to
             all
             others
             of
             embracing
             and
             improving
             Peace
             ;
             and
             lastly
             ,
             for
             that
             you
             perswade
             us
             to
             the
             very
             thing
             which
             we
             our selves
             of
             our
             own
             accords
             ,
             and
             that
             more
             then
             once
             ,
             consulting
             as
             well
             our
             own
             ,
             as
             the
             interest
             of
             the
             whole
             Evangelical
             Communion
             ,
             have
             begg'd
             by
             Embassadors
             ,
             and
             other
             publick
             Ministers
             ,
             
             namely
             ,
             Friendship
             and
             a
             most
             strict
             League
             with
             the
             
               Vnited
               Provinces
            
             .
             But
             how
             they
             treated
             our
             Embassadors
             sent
             to
             'em
             to
             Negotiate
             ,
             not
             a
             bare
             Peace
             ,
             but
             a
             brotherly
             Amity
             and
             most
             strict
             League
             ;
             what
             Provocations
             to
             War
             they
             afterwards
             gave
             us
             ,
             how
             they
             fell
             upon
             us
             in
             our
             own
             Roads
             in
             the
             midst
             of
             their
             Embassadors
             Negotiations
             for
             Peace
             and
             Alliance
             ,
             little
             dreaming
             any
             such
             Violence
             ,
             you
             will
             abundantly
             understand
             by
             our
             Declaration
             set
             forth
             upon
             this
             subject
             ,
             and
             sent
             you
             together
             with
             these
             our
             Letters
             .
             But
             as
             for
             our
             parts
             ,
             we
             are
             wholly
             intent
             upon
             this
             ,
             by
             God's
             assistance
             ,
             though
             prosperous
             hitherto
             ,
             so
             to
             carry
             our selves
             ,
             that
             we
             may
             neither
             attribute
             any
             thing
             to
             our
             own
             Strength
             or
             Forces
             ,
             but
             all
             things
             to
             God
             alone
             ,
             nor
             be
             insolently
             puft
             up
             with
             our
             Success
             ;
             and
             we
             still
             retain
             the
             same
             ready
             Inclinations
             to
             embrace
             all
             occasions
             of
             making
             a
             Just
             and
             Honest
             
             Peace
             .
             In
             the
             mean
             time
             your selves
             ,
             
               Illustrious
               and
               most
               Excellent
               Lords
            
             ,
             in
             whom
             this
             Pious
             and
             Noble
             Sedulity
             ,
             out
             of
             meer
             Evangelical
             Affection
             ,
             exerts
             it self
             ,
             to
             reconcile
             and
             pacifie
             contending
             Brethren
             ,
             as
             ye
             are
             worthy
             of
             all
             applause
             among
             men
             ,
             so
             doubtless
             will
             ye
             obtain
             the
             Celestial
             Reward
             of
             Peace-makers
             with
             God
             ;
             to
             whose
             Supreme
             Benignity
             and
             Favour
             we
             heartily
             recommend
             in
             our
             Prayers
             both
             you
             and
             yours
             ,
             no
             less
             ready
             to
             make
             returns
             of
             all
             good
             Offices
             both
             of
             Friends
             and
             Brethren
             ,
             if
             in
             any
             thing
             we
             may
             be
             serviceable
             to
             your
             Lordships
             .
          
           
             
               Westminster
               ,
               
                 October
                 ,
                 1653.
                 
              
            
             Seal'd
             with
             the
             Parlament
             Seal
             ,
             and
             Subscrib'd
             ,
             Speaker
             ,
             &c.
             
          
        
         
           
             To
             the
             Spanish
             Embassador
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Illustrious
               Lord
               ,
            
          
           
             UPON
             grievous
             Complaints
             .
             brought
             before
             us
             by
             
               Philip
               
               Niel
               ,
               John
               Godal
               ,
            
             and
             the
             Society
             of
             Merchants
             of
             Foy
             in
             England
             ,
             that
             a
             certain
             Ship
             of
             theirs
             ,
             call'd
             the
             Ann
             of
             Foy
             ,
             an
             English
             Ship
             by
             them
             fitted
             out
             ,
             and
             laden
             with
             their
             own
             Goods
             ,
             in
             her
             return
             home
             to
             the
             Port
             of
             Foy
             about
             Michaelmas
             last
             ,
             was
             unjustly
             and
             without
             any
             cause
             set
             upon
             and
             taken
             by
             a
             certain
             Privateer
             of
             
               Ostend
               ,
               Erasmus
               Bruer
            
             Commander
             ,
             and
             the
             Seamen
             unworthily
             and
             barbarously
             us'd
             ;
             The
             Council
             of
             State
             wrote
             to
             the
             Marquis
             of
             Leda
             concerning
             it
             (
             a
             copy
             of
             which
             Letter
             we
             also
             send
             enclos'd
             to
             your
             Excellency
             )
             and
             expected
             from
             him
             ,
             that
             without
             delay
             Orders
             would
             have
             bin
             given
             for
             the
             doing
             of
             Justice
             in
             this
             matter
             .
             Nevertheless
             after
             all
             this
             ,
             the
             foresaid
             Noel
             .
             together
             with
             the
             said
             Company
             make
             further
             heavy
             complaint
             ,
             that
             altho
             our
             Letters
             were
             deliver'd
             to
             the
             Marquess
             ,
             and
             that
             those
             Merchants
             from
             that
             time
             forward
             betook
             themselves
             to
             Bruges
             to
             the
             Court
             there
             
             held
             for
             Maritime
             Causes
             ,
             and
             there
             asserted
             and
             prov'd
             their
             Right
             and
             the
             Verity
             of
             their
             Cause
             ,
             yet
             that
             Justice
             was
             deni'd
             'em
             ;
             and
             that
             they
             were
             so
             hardly
             dealt
             with
             ,
             that
             though
             the
             Cause
             had
             bin
             ripe
             for
             Tryal
             above
             three
             Months
             ,
             nevertheless
             they
             could
             obtain
             no
             Sentence
             from
             that
             Court
             ,
             but
             that
             their
             Ship
             and
             Goods
             are
             still
             detain'd
             ,
             notwithstanding
             the
             great
             Expences
             they
             have
             bin
             at
             in
             Prosecuting
             their
             Claim
             .
             Now
             your
             Excellency
             well
             knows
             it
             to
             be
             contrary
             to
             the
             Law
             of
             Nations
             ,
             of
             Traffick
             ,
             and
             that
             Friendship
             which
             is
             at
             present
             settl'd
             betwen
             the
             English
             and
             Flemings
             ,
             that
             any
             Ostender
             should
             take
             any
             English
             Vessel
             ,
             if
             bound
             for
             England
             with
             English
             Goods
             ;
             and
             that
             whatever
             was
             Inhumanly
             and
             Barbarously
             done
             to
             the
             English
             Seamen
             by
             that
             Commander
             deserves
             a
             rigorous
             Punishment
             .
             The
             Council
             therefore
             recommends
             the
             whole
             matter
             to
             your
             Excellency
             ,
             and
             makes
             it
             their
             
             request
             that
             you
             would
             Write
             into
             Flanders
             concerning
             it
             ,
             and
             take
             such
             speedy
             care
             ,
             that
             this
             business
             may
             no
             longer
             be
             delai'd
             ;
             but
             that
             Justice
             may
             be
             done
             in
             such
             a
             manner
             ,
             that
             the
             foresaid
             Ship
             ,
             together
             with
             the
             Damages
             ,
             Costs
             and
             Interest
             ,
             which
             the
             English
             have
             sustain'd
             and
             bin
             out
             of
             purse
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             that
             Illegal
             Seizure
             ,
             may
             be
             restor'd
             and
             made
             good
             to
             'em
             ,
             by
             the
             Authority
             of
             the
             Court
             ,
             or
             in
             some
             other
             way
             ;
             and
             that
             care
             be
             taken
             that
             hereafter
             no
             such
             Violence
             may
             be
             committed
             ,
             but
             that
             the
             Amity
             between
             our
             People
             and
             the
             Flemings
             may
             be
             preserv'd
             without
             any
             Infringement
             .
          
           
             Sign'd
             in
             the
             Name
             ,
             and
             by
             the
             Command
             of
             the
             Council
             of
             State
             ,
             appointed
             by
             Authority
             of
             Parlament
             .
          
        
         
           
             To
             the
             Marquiss
             of
             Leda
             .
          
           
             GREAT
             Complaints
             are
             brought
             before
             us
             by
             
               Philip
               Noel
               ,
               John
               Godal
            
             ,
             and
             the
             Company
             of
             Foy
             Merchants
             ,
             
             concerning
             a
             Ship
             of
             theirs
             ,
             call'd
             the
             Ann
             of
             Foy
             ,
             which
             being
             an
             English
             Vessel
             ,
             by
             them
             fitted
             out
             ,
             and
             laden
             with
             their
             own
             Goods
             ,
             in
             her
             return
             home
             to
             her
             own
             Port
             about
             Michaelmas
             last
             ,
             was
             taken
             unawares
             by
             a
             Freebooter
             of
             
               Ostend
               ,
               Erasmus
               Brewer
            
             Commander
             .
             It
             is
             also
             further
             related
             ,
             that
             the
             Ostenders
             ,
             when
             the
             Ship
             was
             in
             their
             Power
             ,
             us'd
             the
             Seamen
             too
             inhumanly
             ,
             by
             setting
             lighted
             Match
             to
             their
             Fingers
             ,
             and
             plunging
             the
             Master
             of
             the
             Ship
             in
             the
             Sea
             till
             they
             had
             almost
             drown'd
             him
             ,
             on
             purpose
             to
             extort
             a
             false
             Confession
             from
             him
             ,
             that
             the
             Ship
             and
             Goods
             belong'd
             to
             the
             French.
             Which
             though
             the
             Master
             and
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Ship
             's
             Crue
             resolutely
             deni'd
             ,
             nevertheiess
             the
             Ostenders
             carri'd
             away
             the
             Ship
             and
             Goods
             to
             their
             own
             Port.
             These
             things
             ,
             upon
             strict
             enquiry
             and
             examination
             of
             Witnesses
             have
             bin
             made
             manifest
             in
             the
             
               Admiralty
               Court
            
             in
             England
             ,
             as
             will
             appear
             by
             the
             Copies
             of
             the
             
             Affidavits
             herewith
             sent
             your
             Lordship
             .
             Now
             in
             regard
             that
             that
             same
             Ship
             ,
             call'd
             the
             Ann
             of
             Foy
             ,
             and
             all
             her
             lading
             of
             Merchandize
             and
             Goods
             belongs
             truly
             and
             properly
             to
             the
             English
             ,
             so
             that
             there
             is
             no
             apparent
             reason
             why
             the
             Ostenders
             should
             seize
             by
             force
             either
             the
             one
             or
             the
             other
             ,
             much
             less
             carry
             away
             the
             Master
             of
             the
             Ship
             ,
             and
             use
             the
             Seamen
             so
             unmercifully
             ;
             and
             whereas
             according
             to
             the
             Law
             of
             Nations
             ,
             and
             in
             respect
             to
             the
             Friendship
             between
             the
             Flemings
             and
             English
             ,
             that
             Ship
             and
             Goods
             ought
             to
             be
             restor'd
             ,
             we
             make
             it
             our
             earnest
             request
             to
             your
             Excellency
             ,
             that
             the
             English
             may
             have
             speedy
             Justice
             done
             ,
             and
             that
             Satisfaction
             may
             be
             given
             for
             their
             losses
             ,
             to
             the
             end
             the
             Traffick
             and
             Friendship
             which
             is
             between
             the
             English
             and
             Flemings
             may
             be
             long
             and
             inviolably
             preserv'd
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             To
             the
             Spanish
             Embassador
             .
          
           
             THE
             Parlament
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             understanding
             that
             several
             of
             the
             People
             of
             this
             City
             daily
             resort
             to
             the
             Houses
             of
             your
             Excellency
             and
             other
             Embassadors
             and
             Publick
             Ministers
             from
             Foreign
             Nations
             here
             residing
             ,
             meerly
             to
             hear
             Mass
             ,
             gave
             Order
             to
             the
             
               Council
               of
               State
            
             to
             let
             your
             Excellency
             understand
             ,
             That
             whereas
             such
             Resort
             is
             prohibited
             by
             the
             Laws
             of
             the
             Nation
             ,
             and
             of
             very
             evil
             Example
             in
             this
             our
             Republick
             ,
             and
             extreamly
             Scandalous
             ,
             that
             they
             deem
             it
             their
             duty
             to
             take
             care
             that
             no
             such
             thing
             be
             permitted
             henceforward
             ,
             and
             to
             prohibit
             all
             such
             Assemblies
             for
             the
             future
             .
             Concerning
             which
             ,
             't
             is
             our
             desire
             that
             your
             Excellency
             should
             have
             a
             fair
             Advertisement
             ,
             to
             the
             end
             that
             henceforth
             your
             Excellency
             may
             be
             more
             careful
             of
             admitting
             any
             of
             the
             People
             
             of
             this
             Republick
             to
             hear
             Mass
             in
             your
             House
             .
             And
             as
             the
             Parlament
             will
             diligently
             provide
             that
             your
             Excellencies
             Rights
             and
             Privileges
             shall
             be
             preserv'd
             inviolable
             ,
             so
             they
             perswade
             themselves
             ,
             that
             your
             Excellency
             ,
             during
             your
             abode
             here
             ,
             would
             by
             no
             means
             that
             the
             Laws
             of
             this
             Republick
             should
             be
             violated
             by
             your self
             or
             your
             Attendants
             .
          
        
         
           
             A
             Summary
             of
             the
             particular
             real
             damages
             sustaiu'd
             by
             the
             English
             Company
             ,
             in
             many
             Places
             of
             the
             East-Indies
             ,
             from
             the
             Dutch
             Company
             in
             Holland
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             THe
             Damages
             comprehended
             in
             Sixteen
             Articles
             and
             formerly
             exhibited
             ,
             Amounting
             to
             298555
             Royals
             ½
             which
             is
             of
             our
             Money
             —
             74638
             l.
             15
             s.
             00
             d.
             
          
           
             2.
             
             We
             demand
             Satisfaction
             to
             be
             given
             for
             the
             incomes
             of
             the
             Island
             of
             Pularon
             ,
             from
             the
             year
             1622.
             to
             
             this
             time
             ,
             of
             Two
             hundred
             thousand
             Royals
             ½
             ,
             besides
             the
             future
             Expence
             ,
             till
             the
             Right
             of
             Jurisdiction
             over
             that
             Island
             be
             restor'd
             ,
             in
             the
             same
             condition
             as
             when
             it
             was
             wrestest
             out
             of
             our
             hands
             ,
             as
             was
             by
             League
             agreed
             to
             ,
             amounting
             of
             our
             Money
             to
             —
             50000
             l.
             00
             s.
             00
             d.
             
          
           
             3.
             
             We
             demand
             Satisfaction
             for
             all
             the
             Merchandize
             ,
             Provision
             and
             Furniture
             taken
             away
             by
             the
             Agents
             of
             the
             Dutch
             Company
             in
             the
             Indies
             ,
             or
             to
             them
             deliver'd
             ,
             or
             to
             any
             of
             their
             Ships
             bound
             thither
             ,
             or
             returning
             home
             ;
             which
             Sum
             amounts
             to
             80635
             Royals
             ,
             of
             our
             Money
             —
             20158
             l.
             00
             s.
             00
             d.
             
          
           
             4.
             
             We
             demand
             Satisfaction
             for
             the
             Customs
             of
             Dutch
             Merchandize
             laden
             on
             board
             their
             Ships
             in
             Persia
             ,
             or
             landed
             there
             from
             the
             year
             1624
             ,
             as
             was
             granted
             us
             by
             the
             King
             of
             Persia
             ,
             which
             we
             cannot
             value
             at
             less
             then
             Fourscore
             thousand
             Royals
             ,
             —
             —
             2000
             l.
             00
             s.
             00
             d.
             
          
           
           
             5.
             
             We
             demand
             Satisfaction
             for
             Four
             Houses
             Maliciously
             and
             Unjustly
             Burnt
             at
             Jocatra
             ,
             together
             with
             the
             Warehouses
             ,
             Magazines
             and
             Furniture
             ,
             occasion'd
             by
             the
             Dutch
             Governour
             there
             ,
             of
             all
             which
             we
             had
             Information
             from
             the
             Place
             it self
             ,
             after
             we
             had
             exhibited
             our
             first
             complaints
             ;
             the
             total
             of
             which
             damage
             we
             value
             at
             —
             50000
             l.
             00
             s.
             00
             d.
             
          
           
             We
             demand
             Satisfaction
             for
             32899
             Pound
             of
             Pepper
             taken
             out
             of
             the
             Ship
             Endymion
             in
             1649
             ,
             the
             total
             of
             which
             damage
             amounts
             to
             —
             6000
             l.
             00
             s.
             00
             d.
             —
             220796
             l.
             15
             s.
             00
             d.
             
          
        
         
           
           
             A
             Summary
             of
             some
             particular
             damages
             sustain'd
             also
             from
             the
             Dutch
             East-India
             Company
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             FOR
             Damages
             sustain'd
             by
             those
             who
             Besieg'd
             Bantam
             ,
             whence
             it
             came
             to
             pass
             that
             for
             Six
             years
             together
             we
             were
             excluded
             from
             that
             Trade
             ,
             and
             consequently
             from
             an
             opportunity
             of
             laying
             out
             in
             Pepper
             Six
             hundred
             thousand
             Royals
             ,
             with
             which
             we
             might
             have
             laden
             our
             homeward
             bound
             Ships
             ,
             sor
             want
             of
             which
             lading
             they
             rotted
             upon
             the
             Coast
             of
             India
             .
             In
             the
             mean
             time
             our
             Stock
             in
             India
             was
             wasted
             and
             consum'd
             in
             Mariners
             Wages
             ,
             Provision
             and
             other
             Furniture
             ;
             so
             that
             they
             could
             not
             value
             their
             Loss
             at
             less
             then
             Twenty
             hunder'd
             and
             four
             thousand
             Royals
             —
             600000
             l.
             00
             s.
             00
             d.
             
          
           
             2.
             
             More
             for
             Damages
             by
             reason
             of
             our
             due
             part
             lost
             of
             the
             fruits
             in
             the
             Molucca
             Islands
             ,
             Banda
             and
             Amboyna
             ,
             
             from
             the
             time
             that
             by
             the
             slaughter
             of
             our
             men
             we
             were
             thence
             expell'd
             ,
             till
             the
             time
             that
             we
             shall
             be
             satisfi'd
             for
             our
             Loss
             and
             Expences
             ,
             which
             space
             of
             time
             from
             the
             year
             1622.
             to
             this
             present
             year
             1650.
             for
             the
             yearly
             Revenue
             of
             250000
             lib.
             amounts
             in
             28
             years
             to
             —
             700000
             l.
             00
             s.
             00
             d.
             
          
           
             3.
             
             We
             demand
             Satisfaction
             for
             one
             hunder'd
             and
             two
             thousand
             nine
             hunder'd
             fifty
             nine
             Royals
             ,
             taken
             from
             us
             by
             the
             
             Mogul's
             People
             ,
             whom
             the
             Dutch
             protected
             in
             such
             a
             manner
             ,
             that
             we
             never
             could
             repair
             our
             Losses
             out
             of
             the
             Money
             or
             Goods
             of
             that
             People
             which
             lay
             in
             their
             Junks
             ,
             which
             we
             endeavour'd
             to
             do
             ,
             and
             was
             in
             our
             Power
             had
             not
             the
             Dutch
             unjustly
             defended
             '
             em
             .
             Which
             lost
             Money
             we
             could
             have
             trebled
             in
             Europe
             ,
             and
             value
             at
             —
             77020
             l.
             00
             s.
             00
             d.
             
          
           
             4.
             
             For
             the
             Customs
             of
             Persia
             ,
             the
             half
             part
             of
             which
             was
             by
             the
             King
             of
             Persia
             granted
             to
             the
             
               English
               ,
               
               Anno
               1624.
            
             
             Which
             to
             the
             year
             1629.
             is
             vrlued
             at
             Eight
             thousand
             Royals
             ,
             to
             which
             add
             the
             Four
             thousand
             Lib.
             which
             they
             are
             bound
             to
             pay
             since
             1629.
             which
             is
             now
             One
             and
             twenty
             years
             ,
             and
             it
             makes
             up
             the
             Sum
             of
             —
             84000
             l.
             00
             s.
             00
             d.
             —
             From
             the
             First
             Account
             220796
             l.
             15
             s.
             Sum
             Total
             —
             1681996
             l.
             15
             s.
             
          
           
             
               The
               Interest
               from
               that
               time
               will
               far
               exceed
               the
               Principal
               .
            
          
        
      
       
         
         
           LETTERS
           Written
           in
           the
           Name
           of
           OLIVER
           the
           Protector
           .
        
         
           
             To
             the
             Count
             of
             Oldenburgh
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Illustrious
               Lord
               ,
            
          
           
             BY
             your
             Letters
             ,
             
               dated
               January
               20.
               1654.
            
             
             I
             have
             bin
             given
             to
             understand
             ,
             That
             the
             Noble
             
               Frederick
               Matthias
               Wolisog
            
             ,
             and
             
               Chirstopher
               Griphiander
            
             were
             sent
             with
             certain
             Commands
             from
             your
             Illustrious
             Lordship
             into
             England
             ,
             who
             when
             they
             came
             to
             us
             ,
             not
             onely
             in
             your
             Name
             Congratulated
             our
             having
             taken
             upon
             us
             the
             Government
             of
             the
             Eoglish
             Republick
             ,
             but
             also
             desir'd
             that
             you
             and
             your
             Territories
             might
             be
             comprehended
             in
             the
             Peace
             which
             we
             are
             
             about
             to
             make
             with
             the
             
               Low
               Countries
            
             ,
             and
             that
             we
             would
             confirm
             by
             our
             present
             Authority
             the
             Letters
             of
             safe
             Conduct
             lately
             granted
             your
             Lordship
             by
             the
             Parlament
             .
             Therefore
             in
             the
             first
             place
             we
             return
             your
             Lordship
             our
             hearty
             thanks
             for
             your
             Friendly
             Congratulation
             ,
             as
             it
             becomes
             us
             ;
             and
             these
             will
             let
             you
             know
             that
             we
             have
             readily
             granted
             your
             two
             Requests
             .
             Nor
             shall
             you
             find
             us
             wanting
             upon
             any
             opportunity
             ,
             which
             may
             at
             any
             time
             make
             manifest
             our
             Affection
             to
             your
             Lordship
             .
             And
             this
             we
             are
             apt
             to
             believe
             you
             will
             understand
             more
             at
             large
             from
             your
             Agents
             ,
             whose
             Fidelity
             and
             Diligence
             in
             this
             Affair
             of
             yours
             ,
             in
             our
             Court
             ,
             has
             bin
             eminently
             conspicuous
             .
             As
             to
             what
             remains
             ,
             we
             most
             heartily
             wish
             the
             Blessings
             of
             Prosperity
             and
             Peace
             ,
             both
             upon
             you
             and
             your
             Affairs
             .
          
           
             
               Your
               Illustrious
               Lordship's
               most
               Affectionate
               ,
               Oliver
               Protector
               of
               
                 England
                 ,
                 Scotland
              
               ,
               and
               Ireland
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
        
         
           
           
             To
             the
             Count
             of
             Oldenburgh
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Illustrious
               Lord
               ,
            
          
           
             WE
             receiv'd
             your
             Letters
             ,
             dated
             
               May
               2
            
             from
             Oldenburgh
             ,
             most
             welcome
             upon
             more
             then
             one
             account
             ;
             as
             well
             for
             that
             they
             were
             full
             of
             singular
             Civility
             and
             Good-will
             toward
             us
             ,
             as
             because
             they
             were
             deliver'd
             by
             the
             hand
             of
             the
             most
             Illustrious
             Count
             Antony
             ,
             your
             beloved
             Son.
             Which
             we
             look
             upon
             as
             so
             much
             the
             greater
             Honour
             ,
             as
             not
             having
             trusted
             to
             Report
             ,
             but
             with
             our
             own
             Eyes
             ,
             and
             by
             our
             own
             Observation
             discern'd
             his
             Vertues
             becoming
             such
             an
             Illustrious
             Extraction
             ,
             his
             noble
             Manners
             and
             Inclinations
             ,
             and
             lastly
             his
             extraordinary
             Affection
             toward
             our selves
             .
             Nor
             is
             it
             to
             be
             question'd
             but
             he
             displays
             to
             his
             own
             People
             the
             same
             fair
             hopes
             at
             home
             ,
             that
             he
             will
             approve
             himself
             the
             Son
             of
             a
             most
             Worthy
             and
             most
             excellent
             Father
             ,
             whose
             signal
             
             Vertue
             and
             Prudence
             has
             all
             along
             so
             manag'd
             Affairs
             ,
             that
             rhe
             whole
             Territory
             of
             Oldenburgh
             for
             many
             years
             ,
             has
             enjoy'd
             a
             profound
             Peace
             and
             all
             the
             blessings
             of
             Tranquility
             in
             the
             midst
             of
             the
             raging
             confusions
             of
             War
             thundring
             on
             every
             side
             .
             What
             reason
             therefore
             why
             we
             should
             not
             value
             such
             a
             Friendship
             that
             can
             so
             wisely
             and
             providently
             shun
             the
             Enmity
             of
             all
             men
             ?
             Lastly
             ,
             Most
             Illustrious
             Lord
             ,
             't
             is
             for
             your
             Magnificent
             *
             Present
             that
             we
             return
             you
             Thanks
             ;
             but
             't
             is
             of
             Right
             ,
             and
             your
             Merits
             claim
             ,
             That
             we
             are
             cordially
          
           
             
               Westminster
               ,
               
                 June
                 29.
                 1654.
                 
              
            
             
               Your
               Illustrious
               Lordship's
               most
               Affectionate
               ,
               Oliver
               ,
               &c.
               
               Superscrib'd
               ,
               To
               the
               Most
               Illustrious
               Lord
               ,
               
                 Anthony
                 Gunther
              
               ,
               Count
               in
               Oldenburgh
               ,
               and
               Delmenhorst
               ,
               Lord
               in
               Jehvern
               and
               Kniphausen
               .
            
          
        
         
           
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             Scotland
             ,
             and
             Ireland
             ,
             &c.
             
             To
             the
             most
             Serene
             Prince
             ,
             Charles
             Gustavus
             ,
             King
             of
             the
             Swedes
             ,
             Goths
             and
             Vandals
             ,
             Great
             Prince
             of
             Finland
             ,
             Duke
             of
             Esthonia
             ,
             Carelia
             ,
             Breme
             ,
             Verden
             ,
             Stettin
             in
             Pomerania
             ,
             Cassubia
             and
             Vandalia
             .
             Prince
             of
             Rugia
             ,
             Lord
             of
             Ingria
             ,
             Wismaria
             ,
             as
             also
             Count
             Palatine
             of
             the
             Rhine
             ,
             and
             Duke
             of
             Bavaria
             ,
             Cleves
             and
             Monts
             ,
             &c.
             Greeting
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               King
               ,
            
          
           
             THough
             it
             be
             already
             divulg'd
             over
             all
             the
             world
             that
             the
             Kingdom
             of
             the
             Swedes
             is
             translated
             to
             your
             Majesty
             with
             the
             extraordinary
             Applause
             and
             Desires
             of
             the
             People
             ,
             and
             the
             free
             Suffrages
             of
             all
             the
             Orders
             of
             the
             Realm
             ,
             yet
             that
             your
             Majesty
             should
             rather
             chuse
             that
             we
             should
             understand
             the
             welcome
             News
             by
             your
             most
             friendly
             Letters
             ,
             then
             by
             the
             common
             voice
             of
             Fame
             ,
             we
             thought
             no
             small
             Argument
             both
             of
             your
             good-will
             toward
             us
             ,
             and
             of
             the
             honour
             done
             us
             among
             the
             
             first
             .
             Voluntary
             therefore
             ,
             and
             of
             Right
             we
             Congratulate
             this
             Accession
             of
             Dignity
             to
             your
             egregious
             Merits
             ,
             and
             the
             most
             worthy
             guerdon
             of
             so
             much
             Vertue
             .
             And
             that
             it
             may
             be
             Lucky
             and
             Prosperous
             to
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             to
             the
             Nation
             of
             the
             Swedes
             ,
             and
             the
             true
             Christian
             Interest
             ,
             which
             is
             also
             what
             you
             chiefly
             wish
             ,
             with
             joynt
             supplications
             we
             implore
             of
             God.
             And
             whereas
             your
             Majesty
             assures
             us
             ,
             That
             the
             preserving
             entire
             the
             League
             and
             Alliance
             lately
             concluded
             between
             this
             Republick
             and
             the
             Kingdom
             of
             Sweden
             shall
             be
             so
             far
             your
             care
             ,
             that
             the
             present
             Amity
             may
             not
             only
             continue
             firm
             and
             inviolable
             ,
             but
             if
             possible
             ,
             every
             day
             encrease
             and
             grow
             to
             a
             higher
             perfection
             ,
             to
             call
             it
             into
             question
             would
             be
             a
             piece
             of
             impiety
             ,
             after
             the
             Word
             of
             so
             great
             a
             Prince
             once
             interpos'd
             ,
             whose
             surpassing
             Fortitude
             has
             not
             only
             purchas'd
             your
             Majesty
             a
             Hereditary
             Kingdom
             in
             a
             Foreign
             Land
             ,
             but
             also
             
             could
             so
             far
             prevail
             ,
             that
             the
             most
             August
             Queen
             ,
             the
             Daughter
             of
             Gustavus
             ,
             and
             a
             Heroess
             so
             matchless
             in
             all
             degrees
             of
             Praise
             and
             Masculine
             Renown
             ,
             that
             many
             Ages
             backward
             have
             not
             produc'd
             her
             equal
             ,
             surrender'd
             the
             most
             just
             possession
             of
             her
             Empire
             to
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             neither
             expecting
             nor
             willing
             to
             accept
             it
             .
             Now
             therefore
             't
             is
             our
             main
             desire
             ,
             your
             Majesty
             should
             be
             every
             way
             assur'd
             ,
             that
             your
             so
             singular
             Affection
             toward
             us
             ,
             and
             so
             eminent
             a
             signification
             of
             your
             Mind
             can
             be
             no
             other
             then
             most
             dear
             and
             welcome
             to
             us
             ,
             and
             that
             no
             Combat
             can
             offer
             it self
             to
             us
             more
             glorious
             ,
             then
             such
             a
             one
             wherein
             we
             may
             ,
             if
             possible
             ,
             prove
             Victorious
             in
             out-doing
             your
             Majesty's
             Civility
             by
             our
             kind
             Offices
             that
             never
             shall
             be
             wanting
             .
          
           
             
               Westminster
               ,
               
                 July
                 4.
                 1654.
                 
              
            
             
               Your
               Majesty's
               most
               Affectionate
               ,
               Oliver
               Protector
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               of
               
                 England
                 ,
                 Scotland
              
               ,
               and
               Ireland
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
        
         
           
           
             To
             the
             most
             Illustrious
             Lord
             ,
             Lewis
             Mendez
             de
             Haro
             .
          
           
             WHAT
             we
             have
             understood
             by
             your
             Letters
             ,
             most
             Illustrious
             Lord
             ,
             that
             there
             is
             an
             Embassador
             already
             nominated
             and
             appointed
             by
             the
             most
             Serene
             King
             of
             Spain
             ,
             on
             purpose
             to
             come
             and
             Congratulate
             our
             having
             undertaken
             the
             Government
             of
             the
             Republick
             ,
             is
             not
             onely
             deservedly
             acceptable
             of
             it self
             ,
             but
             render'd
             much
             more
             wellcome
             and
             pleasing
             to
             us
             by
             your
             singular
             Affection
             and
             the
             speed
             of
             your
             Civility
             ,
             as
             being
             desirous
             we
             should
             understand
             it
             first
             of
             all
             from
             your self
             .
             For
             ,
             to
             be
             so
             belov'd
             and
             approv'd
             by
             your
             Lordship
             ,
             who
             by
             your
             Vertue
             and
             Prudence
             have
             obtain'd
             so
             great
             Authority
             with
             your
             Prince
             ,
             as
             to
             preside
             ,
             his
             equal
             in
             Mind
             ,
             over
             all
             the
             most
             Important
             Affairs
             of
             that
             Kingdom
             ,
             ought
             to
             be
             so
             much
             the
             more
             pleasing
             to
             us
             ,
             as
             well
             understanding
             that
             the
             judgement
             
             of
             a
             surpassing
             Person
             ,
             cannot
             but
             be
             much
             to
             our
             Honour
             and
             Ornament
             .
             Now
             as
             to
             our
             cordial
             Inclinations
             toward
             the
             King
             of
             Spain
             ,
             and
             ready
             propensity
             to
             hold
             Friendship
             with
             that
             Kingdom
             ,
             and
             encrease
             it
             to
             a
             stricter
             perfection
             ,
             we
             hope
             we
             have
             already
             satisfi'd
             the
             Present
             Embassador
             ,
             and
             shall
             more
             amply
             satisfie
             the
             other
             ,
             so
             soon
             as
             he
             arrives
             .
             As
             to
             what
             remains
             ,
             
               Most
               Illustrious
               Lord
            
             ,
             we
             heartily
             wish
             the
             Dignity
             and
             Favour
             wherein
             you
             now
             flourish
             with
             your
             Prince
             ,
             perpetual
             to
             your
             Lordship
             ;
             and
             that
             whatever
             Affairs
             you
             carry
             on
             for
             the
             Publick
             Good
             ,
             may
             prosperously
             and
             happily
             succeed
             .
          
           
             
               White-Hall
               ,
               
                 September
                 .
                 1654.
                 
              
            
             
               Your
               Illustrious
               Lordship's
               most
               Affectionate
               ,
               Oliver
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
        
         
           
           
             To
             the
             Most
             Serene
             Prince
             Charles
             Gustavus
             Adolphus
             ,
             King
             of
             the
             Swedes
             ,
             Goths
             ,
             and
             Vandals
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             BEing
             so
             well
             assur'd
             of
             your
             Majesty's
             good-will
             towards
             me
             by
             your
             last
             Letters
             ,
             in
             answer
             to
             which
             I
             wrote
             back
             with
             the
             same
             Affection
             ,
             methinks
             I
             should
             do
             no
             more
             then
             what
             our
             mutual
             Amity
             requires
             ,
             if
             as
             I
             communicate
             my
             grateful
             Tydings
             to
             reciprocal
             Joy
             ,
             so
             when
             contrary
             Accidents
             fall
             out
             ,
             that
             I
             should
             lay
             open
             the
             sence
             and
             grief
             of
             my
             Mind
             to
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             as
             my
             dearest
             Friend
             .
             For
             my
             part
             this
             is
             my
             Opinion
             of
             my self
             ,
             That
             I
             am
             now
             advanc'd
             to
             this
             degree
             in
             the
             Commonwealth
             ,
             to
             the
             end
             I
             should
             consult
             in
             the
             first
             place
             ,
             and
             as
             much
             as
             in
             me
             lies
             ,
             for
             the
             common
             Peace
             of
             the
             Protestants
             .
             Which
             is
             the
             reason
             ,
             that
             of
             necessity
             it
             behooves
             me
             more
             grievously
             to
             lay
             to
             heart
             what
             we
             are
             sorry
             to
             hear
             concerning
             the
             bloody
             Conflicts
             and
             
             mutual
             Slaughters
             of
             the
             Bremeners
             and
             Swedes
             .
             But
             this
             I
             chiefly
             bewail
             ,
             that
             being
             both
             our
             Friends
             ,
             they
             should
             so
             despitefully
             Combat
             one
             against
             another
             ,
             and
             with
             so
             much
             danger
             to
             the
             Interests
             of
             the
             Protestants
             ;
             and
             that
             the
             Peace
             of
             Munster
             ,
             which
             it
             was
             thought
             would
             have
             prov'd
             an
             Asylum
             and
             Safeguard
             to
             all
             the
             Protestants
             ,
             should
             be
             the
             occasion
             of
             such
             an
             unfortunate
             War
             ,
             that
             now
             the
             Arms
             of
             the
             Swedes
             are
             turn'd
             upon
             those
             whom
             but
             a
             little
             before
             ,
             among
             the
             rest
             ,
             they
             most
             stoutly
             defended
             for
             Religions
             sake
             ;
             and
             that
             this
             should
             be
             done
             more
             especially
             at
             this
             time
             when
             the
             Papists
             are
             said
             to
             Persecute
             the
             Reformed
             all
             over
             Germany
             ,
             and
             to
             return
             to
             their
             intermitted
             for
             some
             time
             Oppressions
             ,
             and
             their
             pristin
             Violencies
             .
             Hearing
             therefore
             that
             a
             Truce
             for
             some
             days
             was
             made
             at
             Breme
             ,
             I
             could
             not
             forbear
             signifying
             to
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             upon
             this
             opportunity
             offer'd
             ,
             
             how
             cordially
             I
             desire
             ,
             and
             how
             earnestly
             I
             implore
             the
             God
             of
             Peace
             ,
             that
             this
             Truce
             may
             prove
             successfully
             happy
             for
             the
             Good
             of
             both
             Parties
             ,
             and
             that
             it
             may
             conclude
             in
             a
             most
             firm
             Peace
             ,
             by
             a
             commodious
             Accommodation
             on
             both
             sides
             .
             To
             which
             purpose
             ,
             if
             your
             Majesty
             judges
             that
             my
             Assistance
             may
             any
             ways
             conduce
             ,
             I
             most
             willingly
             offer
             and
             promise
             it
             ,
             as
             in
             a
             thing
             ,
             without
             question
             ,
             most
             acceptable
             to
             the
             most
             Holy
             God.
             In
             the
             mean
             time
             ,
             from
             the
             bottom
             of
             my
             heart
             ,
             I
             beseech
             the
             Almighty
             to
             Direct
             and
             Govern
             all
             your
             Counsels
             for
             the
             common
             Welfare
             of
             the
             Christian
             Interest
             ,
             which
             I
             make
             no
             doubt
             ,
             but
             that
             your
             Majesty
             chiefly
             desires
             .
          
           
             
               White-Hall
               ,
               
                 Octob.
                 26.
                 1654.
                 
              
            
             
               Your
               Majesty's
               most
               Affectionate
            
             ,
             
               Oliver
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
        
         
           
           
             To
             the
             Magnificent
             and
             most
             Noble
             ,
             the
             Consuls
             and
             Senators
             of
             the
             City
             of
             Breme
             .
          
           
             BY
             your
             Letters
             deliver'd
             to
             us
             by
             your
             Resident
             
               Henry
               Oldenburgh
            
             ,
             that
             there
             is
             a
             difference
             kindled
             between
             your
             City
             and
             a
             most
             Potent
             Neighbour
             ,
             and
             to
             what
             streights
             you
             are
             thereby
             reduc'd
             ,
             with
             so
             much
             the
             more
             Trouble
             and
             Grief
             we
             understand
             ,
             by
             how
             much
             the
             more
             we
             love
             and
             embrace
             the
             City
             of
             Breme
             ,
             so
             eminent
             ,
             above
             others
             ,
             for
             their
             Profession
             of
             the
             Orthodox
             Faith.
             Neither
             is
             there
             any
             thing
             which
             we
             account
             more
             sacred
             in
             our
             wishes
             ,
             then
             that
             the
             whole
             Protestant
             Name
             would
             knit
             and
             grow
             together
             in
             Brotherly
             Unity
             and
             Concord
             .
             In
             the
             mean
             time
             ,
             most
             certain
             it
             is
             ,
             that
             the
             common
             Enemy
             of
             the
             Reformed
             rejoyces
             at
             these
             our
             Dissentions
             ,
             and
             more
             haughtily
             every
             where
             exerts
             his
             Fury
             .
             But
             in
             regard
             the
             Controversie
             which
             at
             present
             exercises
             
             your
             contending
             Arms
             ,
             is
             not
             within
             the
             power
             of
             our
             decision
             ,
             we
             Implore
             the
             Almighty
             God
             ,
             that
             the
             Truce
             begun
             may
             obtain
             a
             happy
             issue
             .
             Assuredly
             ,
             as
             to
             what
             you
             desir'd
             ,
             we
             have
             written
             to
             the
             King
             of
             the
             Swedes
             ,
             exhorting
             him
             to
             Peace
             and
             Agreement
             ,
             as
             being
             most
             chiefly
             grateful
             to
             Heaven
             ,
             and
             have
             offer'd
             our
             Assistance
             in
             so
             Pious
             a
             Work.
             On
             the
             other
             side
             we
             likewise
             exhort
             your selves
             to
             bear
             an
             equal
             Mind
             ,
             and
             by
             no
             means
             to
             refuse
             any
             honest
             conditions
             of
             Reconciliation
             .
             And
             so
             we
             recommend
             your
             City
             to
             Divine
             Protection
             and
             Providence
             .
          
           
             
               White-Hall
               ,
               
                 Octob.
                 26.
                 1654.
                 
              
            
             
               Your
               Lordships
               most
               Affectionate
               ,
               Oliver
               Protector
               of
               the
               
                 Commonwealth
                 of
              
               England
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
        
         
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             of
             the
             Republick
             of
             England
             ,
             To
             the
             most
             Illustrious
             Prince
             of
             Tarentum
             .
          
           
             YOUR
             Love
             of
             Religion
             ,
             apparently
             made
             known
             in
             your
             
             Letters
             to
             us
             deliver'd
             ,
             and
             your
             excelling
             Piety
             and
             singular
             Affection
             to
             the
             Reformed
             Churches
             ,
             more
             especially
             considering
             the
             Nobility
             and
             Splendor
             of
             your
             Character
             ,
             and
             in
             a
             Kingdom
             too
             ,
             wherein
             there
             are
             so
             many
             and
             such
             abounding
             hopes
             propos'd
             to
             all
             of
             Eminent
             Quality
             that
             revolt
             from
             the
             Orthodox
             Faith
             ,
             so
             many
             Miseries
             to
             be
             undergone
             by
             the
             Resolute
             and
             constant
             ,
             gave
             us
             an
             occasion
             of
             great
             joy
             and
             consolation
             of
             Mind
             .
             Nor
             was
             it
             less
             grateful
             to
             us
             that
             we
             had
             gain'd
             your
             good
             Opinion
             ,
             upon
             the
             same
             account
             of
             Religion
             ,
             which
             ought
             to
             render
             your
             Highness
             most
             chiefly
             belov'd
             and
             dear
             to
             our selves
             .
             We
             call
             God
             to
             Witness
             ,
             That
             whatever
             hopes
             or
             expectations
             the
             Churches
             ,
             according
             to
             your
             Relation
             ,
             had
             of
             us
             ,
             we
             may
             be
             able
             one
             day
             to
             give
             them
             satisfaction
             ,
             if
             need
             require
             ,
             or
             at
             least
             to
             demonstrate
             to
             all
             men
             how
             much
             it
             is
             our
             desire
             never
             to
             fail
             'em
             Nor
             should
             we
             
             think
             any
             fruit
             of
             our
             Labours
             ,
             or
             of
             this
             Dignity
             or
             Supream
             Employment
             which
             we
             hold
             in
             our
             Republick
             ,
             greater
             ,
             then
             that
             we
             might
             be
             in
             a
             condition
             to
             be
             serviceable
             to
             the
             enlargement
             ,
             or
             the
             welfare
             ,
             or
             which
             is
             more
             sacred
             ,
             to
             the
             Peace
             of
             the
             Reformed
             Church
             .
             In
             the
             mean
             time
             ,
             we
             exhort
             and
             beseech
             your
             Lordship
             to
             remain
             stedfast
             to
             the
             last
             minute
             in
             the
             Orthodox
             Religion
             ,
             with
             the
             same
             resolution
             and
             constancy
             ,
             as
             you
             profess
             it
             receiv'd
             from
             your
             Ancestors
             with
             Piety
             and
             Zeal
             .
             Nor
             indeed
             ,
             can
             there
             be
             any
             thing
             more
             worthy
             your self
             ,
             or
             your
             Religious
             Parents
             ,
             nor
             in
             consideration
             of
             what
             you
             have
             deserv'd
             of
             us
             ,
             though
             we
             wish
             all
             things
             for
             your
             own
             sake
             ,
             that
             we
             can
             wish
             more
             Noble
             or
             Advantagious
             to
             your
             Lordship
             ,
             then
             that
             you
             would
             take
             such
             Methods
             and
             apply
             your self
             to
             such
             Studies
             ,
             that
             the
             Churches
             ,
             especially
             of
             your
             Native
             Countrey
             ,
             under
             the
             Discipline
             
             of
             which
             your
             Birth
             and
             Genius
             have
             render'd
             you
             Illustriously
             Happy
             ,
             may
             be
             sensible
             of
             so
             much
             the
             more
             assur'd
             security
             in
             your
             Protection
             ,
             by
             how
             much
             you
             excel
             others
             in
             Lustre
             and
             Ability
             .
          
           
             
               White-Hall
               ,
               
                 April
                 —
                 1654.
                 
              
            
          
        
         
           
             Oliver
             the
             Protector
             ,
             &c.
             To
             the
             most
             Serene
             Prince
             ,
             Immanuel
             Duke
             of
             Savoy
             ,
             Prince
             of
             Piemont
             ,
             Greeting
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               Prince
               ,
            
          
           
             LEtters
             have
             bin
             sent
             us
             from
             Geneva
             ,
             as
             also
             from
             the
             Dauphinate
             ,
             and
             many
             other
             Places
             bordering
             upon
             your
             Territories
             ,
             wherein
             we
             are
             given
             to
             understand
             ,
             That
             such
             of
             your
             Royal
             Highness's
             Subjects
             as
             profess
             the
             Reformed
             Religion
             ,
             are
             Commanded
             by
             your
             Edict
             ,
             and
             by
             your
             Authority
             ,
             within
             three
             days
             after
             the
             Promulgation
             of
             your
             Edict
             ,
             to
             depart
             their
             Native
             Seats
             and
             Habitations
             ,
             upon
             pain
             of
             capital
             Punishment
             ,
             and
             Forfeiture
             of
             all
             
             their
             Fortunes
             and
             Estates
             ,
             unless
             they
             will
             give
             security
             to
             relinquish
             their
             Religion
             within
             Twenty
             days
             ,
             and
             embrace
             the
             Roman
             Catholick
             Faith.
             And
             that
             when
             they
             appli'd
             themselves
             to
             your
             Royal
             Highness
             in
             a
             most
             Suppliant
             manner
             ,
             imploring
             a
             Revocation
             of
             the
             said
             Edict
             ,
             and
             that
             being
             receiv'd
             into
             pristin
             favour
             ,
             they
             might
             be
             restor'd
             to
             the
             Liberty
             granted
             'em
             by
             your
             Predecessors
             ,
             a
             part
             of
             your
             Army
             fell
             upon
             'em
             ,
             most
             cruelly
             Slew
             several
             ,
             put
             others
             in
             Chains
             ,
             and
             compell'd
             the
             rest
             to
             Flye
             into
             Desert
             places
             and
             to
             the
             Mountains
             cover'd
             with
             snow
             ,
             where
             some
             Hundreds
             of
             Families
             are
             reduc'd
             to
             such
             Distress
             ,
             that
             't
             is
             greatly
             to
             be
             fear'd
             ,
             they
             will
             in
             a
             short
             time
             all
             miserably
             Perish
             through
             Cold
             and
             Hunger
             .
             These
             things
             ,
             when
             they
             were
             related
             to
             us
             ,
             we
             could
             not
             chuse
             but
             be
             touch'd
             with
             extream
             Grief
             and
             Conpassion
             for
             the
             Sufferings
             and
             Calamities
             of
             this
             Afflicted
             People
             .
             Now
             in
             regard
             
             we
             must
             acknowledge
             our selves
             link'd
             together
             not
             onely
             by
             the
             same
             tye
             of
             Humanity
             ,
             but
             by
             joynt
             Communion
             of
             the
             same
             Religion
             ,
             we
             thought
             it
             impossible
             for
             us
             to
             satisfie
             our
             Duty
             to
             God
             ,
             to
             Brotherly
             Charity
             ,
             or
             our
             Profession
             of
             the
             same
             Religion
             ,
             if
             we
             should
             onely
             be
             affected
             with
             a
             bare
             sorrow
             for
             the
             Misery
             and
             Calamity
             of
             our
             Brethren
             ,
             and
             not
             contribute
             all
             our
             endeavours
             to
             Relieve
             and
             Succour
             'em
             in
             their
             unexpected
             Adversity
             ,
             as
             much
             as
             in
             us
             lies
             .
             Therefore
             in
             a
             greater
             measure
             we
             most
             earnestly
             Beseech
             and
             Conjure
             your
             Royal
             Highness
             ,
             that
             you
             would
             call
             back
             to
             your
             thoughts
             the
             moderation
             of
             your
             most
             Serene
             Predecessors
             ,
             and
             the
             Liberty
             by
             them
             Granted
             and
             Confirm'd
             from
             time
             to
             time
             to
             their
             Subjects
             the
             Vaudois
             .
             In
             Granting
             and
             Confirming
             which
             ,
             as
             they
             did
             that
             ,
             which
             without
             all
             question
             was
             most
             grateful
             to
             God
             ,
             who
             has
             bin
             pleas'd
             to
             reserve
             the
             Jurisdiction
             
             and
             Power
             over
             the
             Conscience
             to
             himself
             alone
             ,
             so
             there
             is
             no
             doubt
             but
             that
             they
             had
             a
             due
             consideration
             of
             their
             Subjects
             also
             ,
             whom
             they
             found
             Stout
             and
             most
             Faithful
             in
             War
             ,
             and
             always
             Obedient
             in
             Peace
             .
             And
             as
             your
             Royal
             Serenity
             in
             other
             things
             most
             laudably
             follows
             the
             footsteps
             of
             your
             Immortal
             Ancestors
             ,
             so
             we
             again
             and
             again
             beseech
             your
             Royal
             Highness
             not
             to
             swerve
             from
             the
             path
             wherein
             they
             trod
             in
             this
             particular
             ;
             but
             that
             you
             would
             vouchsafe
             to
             Abrogate
             both
             this
             Edict
             ,
             and
             whatsoever
             else
             may
             be
             Decreed
             to
             the
             Disturbance
             of
             your
             Subjects
             upon
             the
             account
             of
             the
             Reform'd
             Religion
             ;
             that
             you
             would
             ratifie
             to
             'em
             their
             conceded
             Privileges
             and
             pristin
             Liberty
             ,
             and
             command
             their
             Losses
             to
             be
             repair'd
             ,
             and
             that
             an
             end
             be
             put
             to
             their
             Oppressions
             .
             Which
             if
             your
             Royal
             Highness
             shall
             be
             pleas'd
             to
             see
             perform'd
             ,
             you
             will
             do
             a
             thing
             most
             acceptable
             to
             God
             ,
             revive
             and
             comfort
             the
             miserable
             
             in
             dire
             Calamity
             ,
             and
             most
             highly
             oblige
             all
             your
             Neighbours
             that
             Profess
             the
             Reformed
             Religion
             ,
             but
             more
             especially
             our selves
             ,
             who
             shall
             be
             bound
             to
             look
             upon
             your
             Clemency
             and
             Benignity
             toward
             your
             Subjects
             as
             the
             fruit
             of
             our
             earnest
             Solicitation
             .
             Which
             will
             both
             engage
             us
             to
             a
             reciprocal
             return
             of
             all
             good
             Offices
             ,
             and
             lay
             the
             solid
             foundations
             not
             only
             of
             establishing
             ,
             but
             encreasing
             Alliance
             and
             Friendship
             between
             this
             Republick
             and
             your
             Dominions
             .
             Nor
             do
             we
             less
             promise
             this
             to
             our selves
             from
             your
             Justice
             and
             Moderation
             ;
             to
             which
             we
             Beseech
             Almighty
             God
             to
             encline
             your
             Mind
             and
             Thoughts
             .
             And
             so
             we
             cordially
             Implore
             Just
             Heaven
             to
             bestow
             upon
             your
             Highness
             and
             your
             People
             the
             Blessings
             of
             Peace
             and
             Truth
             ,
             and
             prosperous
             Success
             in
             all
             your
             Affairs
             .
          
           
             
               White-Hall
               ,
               
                 May
                 —
                 1655.
                 
              
            
          
        
         
           
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             of
             the
             Republick
             of
             England
             ,
             to
             the
             most
             Serene
             Prince
             of
             Transilvania
             ,
             Greeting
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               Prince
               ,
            
          
           
             BY
             your
             Letters
             of
             the
             16th
             .
             of
             
               Nov.
               1654.
            
             you
             have
             made
             us
             sensible
             of
             your
             singular
             good-will
             and
             affection
             toward
             us
             ;
             and
             your
             Envoy
             ,
             who
             deliver'd
             those
             Letters
             to
             us
             ,
             more
             amply
             declar'd
             your
             desire
             of
             contracting
             Alliance
             and
             Friendship
             with
             us
             .
             Certainly
             for
             our
             parts
             ,
             we
             do
             not
             a
             little
             rejoyce
             at
             this
             Opportunity
             offer'd
             us
             to
             declare
             and
             make
             manifest
             our
             Affection
             to
             your
             Highness
             ,
             and
             how
             great
             a
             value
             we
             justly
             set
             upon
             your
             Person
             .
             But
             after
             Fame
             had
             reported
             to
             us
             your
             egregious
             Merits
             and
             Labours
             undertaken
             in
             behalf
             of
             the
             Christian
             Republick
             ,
             when
             you
             were
             pleas'd
             that
             all
             these
             things
             ,
             and
             what
             you
             have
             farther
             in
             your
             thoughts
             to
             do
             in
             the
             defence
             and
             for
             promoting
             the
             
               Christian
               Interest
            
             ,
             should
             be
             in
             
             Friendly
             manner
             imparted
             to
             us
             by
             Letters
             from
             your self
             ,
             this
             afforded
             us
             a
             more
             plentiful
             occasion
             of
             Joy
             and
             Satisfaction
             ,
             to
             hear
             ,
             that
             God
             ,
             in
             those
             remoter
             Regions
             ,
             had
             rais'd
             up
             to
             himself
             so
             Potent
             and
             Renowned
             a
             Minister
             of
             his
             Glory
             and
             Providence
             :
             And
             that
             this
             great
             Minister
             of
             Heaven
             so
             fam'd
             for
             his
             Courage
             and
             Success
             ,
             should
             be
             desirous
             to
             associate
             with
             us
             in
             the
             common
             Defence
             of
             the
             Protestant
             Religion
             ,
             at
             this
             time
             wickedly
             assail'd
             by
             Words
             and
             Deeds
             .
             Nor
             is
             it
             to
             be
             question'd
             but
             that
             God
             ,
             who
             has
             infus'd
             into
             us
             both
             ,
             though
             separated
             by
             such
             a
             spacious
             interval
             of
             many
             Climates
             ,
             the
             same
             desires
             and
             thoughts
             of
             defending
             the
             Orthodox
             Religion
             ,
             will
             be
             our
             Instructor
             and
             Author
             of
             the
             ways
             and
             means
             whereby
             we
             may
             be
             assistant
             and
             useful
             to
             our selves
             and
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Reformed
             Cities
             ,
             provided
             we
             watch
             all
             opportunities
             that
             God
             shall
             put
             into
             our
             hands
             ,
             and
             be
             not
             wanting
             
             to
             lay
             hold
             of
             '
             em
             .
             In
             the
             mean
             time
             we
             cannot
             without
             an
             extream
             and
             penetrating
             sorrow
             forbear
             putting
             your
             Highness
             in
             mind
             how
             unmercifully
             the
             Duke
             of
             Savoy
             has
             Persecuted
             his
             own
             Subjects
             ,
             Professing
             the
             Orthodox
             Faith
             ,
             in
             certain
             Valleys
             at
             the
             feet
             of
             the
             Alps.
             Whom
             he
             has
             not
             only
             constrain'd
             by
             a
             most
             severe
             Edict
             as
             many
             as
             refuse
             to
             embrace
             the
             Catholick
             Religion
             ,
             to
             forsake
             their
             Native
             Habitations
             ,
             Goods
             and
             Estates
             ,
             but
             has
             fall'n
             upon
             'em
             with
             his
             Army
             ,
             put
             several
             most
             Cruelly
             to
             the
             Sword
             ,
             others
             more
             Barbarously
             Tormented
             to
             Death
             ,
             and
             driven
             the
             greatest
             number
             to
             the
             Mountains
             ,
             there
             to
             be
             consum'd
             with
             Cold
             and
             Hunger
             ,
             exposing
             their
             Houses
             to
             the
             Fury
             ,
             and
             their
             Goods
             to
             the
             Plunder
             of
             his
             Executioners
             .
             These
             things
             as
             they
             have
             already
             bin
             related
             to
             your
             Highness
             ,
             so
             we
             readily
             assure
             our selves
             ,
             that
             so
             much
             cruelty
             cannot
             but
             be
             grievously
             displeasing
             
             to
             your
             ears
             ,
             and
             that
             you
             will
             not
             be
             wanting
             to
             afford
             your
             Aid
             and
             Succour
             to
             those
             miserable
             Wretches
             ,
             if
             there
             be
             any
             that
             survive
             so
             many
             Slaughters
             and
             Calamities
             .
             For
             our
             parts
             we
             have
             Written
             to
             the
             Duke
             of
             Savoy
             ,
             beseeching
             him
             to
             remove
             his
             insenc'd
             Anger
             from
             his
             Subjects
             ;
             as
             also
             to
             the
             King
             of
             France
             ,
             that
             he
             would
             vouchsafe
             to
             do
             the
             same
             ;
             and
             lastly
             to
             the
             Princes
             of
             the
             Reformed
             Religion
             ,
             to
             the
             end
             they
             might
             understand
             our
             sentiments
             concerning
             so
             fell
             and
             savage
             a
             piece
             of
             Cruelty
             .
             Which
             though
             first
             begun
             upon
             those
             poor
             and
             helpless
             People
             ,
             however
             threatens
             all
             that
             Profess
             the
             same
             Religion
             ,
             and
             therefore
             imposes
             upon
             all
             a
             greater
             necessity
             of
             providing
             for
             themselves
             in
             general
             ,
             and
             consulting
             the
             common
             Safety
             ;
             which
             is
             the
             course
             that
             we
             shall
             always
             follow
             ,
             as
             God
             shall
             be
             pleas'd
             to
             direct
             us
             .
             Of
             which
             your
             Highness
             may
             be
             assur'd
             ,
             as
             also
             of
             our
             sincerity
             
             and
             affection
             to
             your
             Serenity
             ,
             whereby
             we
             are
             engag'd
             to
             wish
             all
             prosperous
             success
             to
             your
             Affairs
             ,
             and
             a
             happy
             issue
             of
             all
             your
             Enterprizes
             and
             Endeavours
             ,
             in
             asserting
             the
             Liberty
             of
             the
             Gospel
             and
             the
             Worshippers
             of
             it
             .
          
           
             
               White-Hall
               ,
               
                 May
                 —
                 1655.
                 
              
            
          
        
         
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             ,
             to
             the
             most
             Serene
             Prince
             ,
             Charles
             Gustavus
             Adolphus
             ,
             King
             of
             the
             Swedes
             ,
             Greeting
             .
          
           
             WE
             make
             no
             question
             but
             that
             the
             same
             of
             that
             most
             rigid
             Edict
             has
             reach'd
             your
             Dominions
             ,
             whereby
             the
             Duke
             of
             Savoy
             has
             totally
             Ruin'd
             his
             Protestant
             Subjects
             Inhabiting
             the
             Alpine
             Valleys
             ,
             and
             commanded
             'em
             to
             be
             extirminated
             from
             their
             Native
             Seats
             and
             Habitations
             ,
             unless
             they
             will
             give
             security
             to
             renounce
             their
             Religion
             receiv'd
             from
             their
             Forefathers
             ,
             in
             exchange
             for
             the
             Roman
             Catholick
             Superstition
             ,
             and
             that
             within
             Twenty
             days
             
             at
             farthest
             ;
             so
             that
             many
             being
             kill'd
             ,
             the
             rest
             Strip
             to
             their
             Skins
             and
             expos'd
             to
             most
             certain
             destruction
             ,
             are
             now
             forc'd
             to
             wander
             over
             desert
             Mountains
             and
             through
             perpetual
             Winter
             ,
             together
             with
             their
             Wives
             and
             Children
             ,
             half
             dead
             with
             Cold
             and
             Hunger
             ;
             and
             that
             your
             Majesty
             has
             laid
             it
             to
             heart
             with
             a
             Pious
             sorrow
             and
             compassionate
             consideration
             we
             as
             little
             doubt
             .
             For
             that
             the
             Protestant
             Name
             and
             Cause
             ,
             although
             they
             differ
             among
             themselves
             in
             some
             things
             of
             little
             Consequence
             ,
             is
             nevertheless
             the
             same
             in
             general
             and
             united
             in
             one
             common
             Interest
             ,
             the
             hatred
             of
             our
             Adversaries
             ,
             alike
             insenc'd
             against
             Protestants
             ,
             very
             easily
             demonstrates
             .
             Now
             there
             is
             no
             body
             can
             be
             ignorant
             ,
             that
             the
             Kings
             of
             the
             Swedes
             have
             always
             joyn'd
             with
             the
             Reformed
             ,
             carrying
             their
             Victorious
             Arms
             into
             Germany
             in
             Defence
             of
             the
             Protestants
             without
             distinction
             .
             Therefore
             we
             make
             it
             our
             chief
             request
             ,
             
             and
             that
             in
             a
             more
             especial
             manner
             to
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             that
             you
             would
             solicit
             the
             Duke
             of
             Savoy
             by
             Letters
             ,
             and
             by
             interposing
             your
             intermediating
             Authority
             ,
             endeavour
             to
             avert
             the
             horrid
             Cruelty
             of
             this
             Edict
             ,
             if
             possible
             ,
             from
             People
             no
             less
             Innocent
             then
             Religious
             .
             For
             we
             think
             it
             superfluous
             to
             admonish
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             whither
             these
             rigorous
             begininnings
             tend
             ,
             and
             what
             they
             threaten
             to
             all
             the
             Protestants
             in
             general
             .
             But
             if
             he
             rather
             chuse
             to
             listen
             to
             his
             Anger
             then
             to
             our
             joynt
             Intreaties
             and
             Intercessions
             ,
             if
             there
             be
             any
             Tye
             ,
             any
             Charity
             or
             Communion
             of
             Religion
             to
             be
             Believ'd
             and
             Worshipp'd
             ,
             upon
             Consultations
             duly
             first
             communicated
             to
             your
             Majesty
             and
             the
             chief
             of
             the
             Protestant
             Princes
             ,
             some
             other
             course
             is
             to
             be
             speedily
             taken
             ,
             that
             such
             a
             numerous
             multitude
             of
             our
             Innocent
             Brethren
             may
             not
             miserably
             Perish
             for
             want
             of
             Succour
             and
             Assistance
             .
             Which
             in
             regard
             we
             make
             no
             question
             but
             that
             it
             is
             your
             
             Majesties
             Opinion
             and
             Determination
             ,
             there
             can
             be
             nothing
             in
             our
             opinion
             more
             prudently
             resolv'd
             ,
             then
             to
             joyn
             our
             Reputation
             ,
             Authority
             ,
             Councels
             ,
             Forces
             ,
             and
             whatever
             else
             is
             needful
             ,
             with
             all
             the
             speed
             that
             may
             be
             ,
             in
             pursuance
             of
             so
             Pious
             a
             design
             .
             In
             the
             mean
             time
             we
             beseech
             Almighty
             God
             to
             Bless
             your
             Majesty
             .
          
        
         
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             ,
             &c.
             to
             the
             High
             and
             Mighty
             Lords
             ,
             the
             States
             of
             the
             United
             Provinces
             .
          
           
             WE
             make
             no
             question
             but
             that
             you
             have
             already
             bin
             inform'd
             of
             the
             Duke
             of
             
             Savoy's
             Edict
             ,
             set
             forth
             against
             his
             Subjects
             Inhabiting
             the
             Valleys
             at
             the
             feet
             of
             the
             Alps
             ,
             Ancient
             Professors
             of
             the
             Orthodox
             Faith
             ;
             by
             which
             Edict
             they
             are
             commanded
             to
             abandon
             their
             Native
             Habitations
             ,
             stript
             of
             all
             their
             fortunes
             ,
             unless
             within
             Twenty
             days
             they
             embrace
             the
             
               Roman
               Faith
            
             ;
             and
             with
             
             what
             Cruelty
             the
             Authority
             of
             this
             Edict
             has
             rag'd
             against
             a
             needy
             and
             harmless
             People
             ;
             many
             being
             slain
             by
             the
             Soldiers
             ,
             the
             rest
             Plunder'd
             and
             driven
             from
             their
             Houses
             together
             with
             their
             Wives
             and
             Children
             ,
             to
             combat
             Cold
             and
             Hunger
             among
             desert
             Mountains
             ,
             and
             perpetual
             Snow
             .
             These
             things
             with
             what
             commotion
             of
             Mind
             you
             heard
             related
             ,
             what
             a
             fellow-feeling
             of
             the
             Calamities
             of
             Brethren
             pierc'd
             your
             breasts
             ,
             we
             readily
             conjecture
             from
             the
             depth
             of
             our
             own
             Sorrow
             ,
             which
             certainly
             is
             most
             Heavy
             and
             Afflictive
             .
             For
             being
             engag'd
             together
             by
             the
             same
             tye
             of
             Religion
             ,
             no
             wonder
             we
             should
             be
             so
             deeply
             mov'd
             with
             the
             same
             Affections
             upon
             the
             dreadful
             and
             undeserved
             Sufferings
             of
             our
             Brethren
             .
             Besides
             ,
             that
             your
             conspicuous
             Piety
             and
             Charity
             toward
             the
             Orthodox
             ,
             where-ever
             overborn
             and
             oppress'd
             ,
             has
             bin
             frequently
             experienc'd
             in
             the
             most
             urging
             streights
             and
             calamities
             of
             the
             Churches
             .
             For
             
             my
             own
             part
             ,
             unless
             my
             thoughts
             deceive
             me
             ,
             there
             is
             nothing
             wherein
             I
             should
             desire
             more
             willingly
             to
             be
             overcome
             ,
             then
             in
             Good
             will
             and
             Charity
             toward
             Brethren
             of
             the
             same
             Religion
             afflicted
             and
             wrong'd
             in
             their
             quiet
             Enjoyments
             ;
             as
             being
             one
             that
             would
             be
             accounted
             always
             ready
             to
             prefer
             the
             Peace
             and
             Safety
             of
             the
             Churches
             before
             my
             particular
             Interests
             .
             So
             far
             therefore
             as
             hitherto
             lay
             in
             our
             power
             ,
             we
             have
             Written
             to
             the
             Duke
             of
             Savoy
             ,
             even
             almost
             to
             Supplication
             ,
             beseeching
             him
             that
             he
             would
             admit
             into
             his
             breast
             more
             placid
             thoughts
             and
             kinder
             effects
             of
             his
             Favour
             toward
             his
             most
             Innocent
             Subjects
             and
             Suppliants
             ;
             that
             he
             would
             restore
             the
             Miserable
             to
             their
             Habitations
             and
             Estates
             ,
             and
             grant
             'em
             their
             pristin
             freedom
             in
             the
             Exercise
             of
             their
             Religion
             .
             Moreover
             we
             Wrote
             to
             the
             chiefest
             Princes
             and
             Magistrates
             of
             the
             Protestants
             ,
             whom
             we
             thought
             most
             nearly
             concern'd
             in
             these
             matters
             ,
             
             that
             they
             would
             lend
             us
             their
             Assistance
             to
             intreat
             and
             pacifie
             the
             Duke
             of
             Savoy
             in
             their
             behalf
             .
             And
             we
             make
             no
             doubt
             now
             but
             you
             have
             done
             the
             same
             ,
             and
             perhaps
             much
             more
             .
             For
             this
             so
             dangerous
             a
             president
             ,
             and
             lately
             renew'd
             severity
             of
             utmost
             Cruelty
             toward
             the
             Reformed
             ,
             if
             the
             Authors
             of
             it
             meet
             with
             prosperous
             Success
             ,
             to
             what
             apparent
             dangers
             it
             reduces
             our
             Religion
             ,
             we
             need
             not
             admonish
             your
             Prudence
             .
             On
             the
             other
             side
             ,
             if
             the
             Duke
             shall
             once
             but
             permit
             himself
             to
             be
             atton'd
             and
             won
             by
             our
             united
             Applications
             ,
             not
             onely
             our
             Afflicted
             Brethren
             ,
             but
             we
             our selves
             shall
             reap
             the
             noble
             and
             abounding
             Harvest
             and
             Reward
             of
             this
             laborious
             Undertaking
             .
             But
             if
             he
             still
             persist
             in
             the
             same
             obstinate
             Resolutions
             of
             reducing
             to
             utmost
             extremity
             those
             People
             ,
             among
             whom
             our
             Religion
             was
             either
             disseminated
             by
             the
             first
             ,
             Doctors
             of
             the
             Gospel
             ,
             and
             preserv'd
             from
             the
             defilement
             of
             Superstition
             ,
             
             or
             else
             restor'd
             to
             its
             Pristin
             sincerity
             long
             before
             other
             Nations
             obtain'd
             that
             felicity
             ;
             and
             determins
             their
             utter
             extirpation
             and
             destruction
             ;
             we
             are
             ready
             to
             take
             such
             other
             Course
             and
             Counsels
             with
             your selves
             ,
             in
             common
             with
             the
             rest
             of
             our
             Reformed
             Friends
             and
             Confederates
             ,
             as
             may
             be
             most
             necessary
             for
             the
             preservation
             of
             Just
             and
             Good
             men
             upon
             the
             brink
             of
             inevitable
             Ruin
             ,
             and
             to
             make
             the
             Duke
             himself
             sensible
             ,
             that
             we
             can
             no
             longer
             neglect
             the
             heavy
             Oppressions
             and
             Calamities
             of
             our
             Orthodox
             Brethren
             .
             Farewel
             .
          
        
         
           
             To
             the
             Evangelick
             Cities
             of
             Switzerland
             .
          
           
             WE
             make
             no
             question
             but
             the
             late
             Calamity
             of
             the
             Piemontois
             ,
             Professing
             our
             Religion
             ,
             reached
             your
             Ears
             ,
             before
             the
             unwelcome
             News
             of
             it
             arriv'd
             with
             us
             .
             Who
             being
             a
             People
             under
             the
             Protection
             and
             Jurisdiction
             of
             the
             Duke
             of
             Savoy
             ,
             
             and
             by
             a
             severe
             Edict
             of
             their
             Prince
             Commanded
             to
             depart
             their
             Native
             Habitations
             ,
             unless
             within
             Three
             days
             they
             gave
             security
             to
             embrace
             the
             Roman
             Religion
             ,
             soon
             after
             were
             assail'd
             by
             Armed
             Violence
             ,
             that
             turn'd
             their
             Dwellings
             into
             Slaughter-houses
             ,
             while
             others
             ,
             without
             Number
             ,
             were
             terrifi'd
             into
             Banishment
             ,
             where
             now
             Naked
             and
             Afflicted
             ,
             without
             House
             or
             Home
             ,
             or
             any
             Covering
             from
             the
             Weather
             ,
             and
             ready
             to
             perish
             through
             Hunger
             and
             Cold
             ,
             they
             miserably
             wander
             thorough
             desert
             Mountains
             ,
             and
             depths
             of
             Snow
             ,
             together
             with
             their
             Wives
             and
             Children
             .
             And
             far
             less
             reason
             have
             we
             to
             doubt
             ,
             but
             that
             ,
             so
             soon
             as
             they
             came
             to
             your
             knowledge
             ,
             you
             laid
             these
             things
             to
             heart
             ,
             with
             a
             Compassion
             no
             less
             sensible
             of
             their
             multipli'd
             Miseries
             ,
             then
             our selves
             ;
             the
             more
             deeply
             imprinted
             perhaps
             in
             your
             minds
             ,
             as
             being
             next
             Neighbours
             to
             the
             sufferers
             .
             Besides
             ,
             that
             
             we
             have
             abundant
             proof
             of
             your
             singular
             Love
             and
             Affection
             for
             the
             Orthodox
             Faith
             ,
             of
             your
             constancy
             in
             retaining
             it
             ,
             and
             your
             Fortitude
             in
             defending
             it
             .
             Seeing
             then
             ,
             by
             the
             most
             strict
             Communion
             of
             Religion
             ,
             that
             you
             ,
             together
             with
             our selves
             ,
             are
             all
             Brethren
             alike
             ,
             or
             rather
             one
             body
             with
             those
             unfortunate
             People
             ,
             of
             which
             no
             member
             can
             be
             Afflicted
             without
             the
             feeling
             ,
             without
             pain
             ,
             without
             the
             detriment
             and
             hazard
             of
             the
             rest
             ;
             we
             thought
             it
             convenient
             to
             Write
             to
             your
             Lordships
             concerning
             this
             matter
             ,
             and
             let
             you
             understand
             ,
             how
             much
             we
             believe
             it
             to
             be
             the
             general
             Interest
             of
             us
             all
             ,
             as
             much
             as
             in
             us
             lies
             ,
             with
             our
             common
             Aid
             and
             Succour
             ,
             to
             relieve
             our
             extirminated
             and
             indigent
             Brethren
             ;
             and
             not
             only
             to
             take
             care
             for
             removing
             their
             Miseries
             and
             Afflictions
             ,
             but
             also
             to
             provide
             ,
             that
             the
             mischief
             spread
             no
             farther
             ,
             nor
             incroach
             upon
             our selves
             in
             general
             ,
             encourag'd
             
             by
             Example
             and
             Success
             .
             We
             have
             Written
             Letters
             to
             the
             Duke
             of
             Savoy
             ,
             wherein
             we
             have
             most
             earnestly
             besought
             him
             out
             of
             his
             wonted
             Clemency
             ,
             to
             deal
             more
             gently
             and
             mildly
             with
             his
             most
             faithful
             Subjects
             ,
             and
             to
             restore
             'em
             ,
             almost
             Ruin'd
             as
             they
             are
             ,
             to
             their
             Goods
             and
             Habitations
             .
             And
             we
             are
             in
             hopes
             ,
             that
             by
             these
             our
             Intreaties
             ,
             or
             rather
             by
             the
             united
             Intercessions
             of
             us
             all
             ,
             the
             most
             Serene
             Prince
             at
             length
             will
             be
             atton'd
             ,
             and
             grant
             what
             we
             have
             requested
             with
             so
             much
             Importunity
             .
             But
             if
             his
             mind
             be
             obstinately
             bent
             to
             other
             determinations
             ,
             we
             are
             ready
             to
             communicate
             our
             Consultations
             with
             yours
             ,
             by
             what
             most
             prevalent
             means
             to
             relieve
             and
             re-establish
             most
             Innocent
             men
             ,
             and
             our
             most
             dearly
             beloved
             Brethren
             in
             Christ
             ,
             tormented
             and
             overlaid
             with
             so
             many
             Wrongs
             and
             Oppressions
             ;
             and
             preserve
             'em
             from
             inevitable
             and
             undeserved
             
             Ruin.
             Of
             whose
             welfare
             and
             Safety
             ,
             as
             I
             am
             assur'd
             ,
             that
             you
             according
             to
             your
             wonted
             Piety
             ,
             are
             most
             cordially
             tender
             ,
             so
             ,
             for
             our
             own
             parts
             ,
             we
             cannot
             but
             in
             our
             opinion
             prefer
             their
             preservation
             before
             our
             most
             important
             Interests
             ,
             even
             the
             safeguard
             of
             our
             own
             life
             .
             Farewel
             .
          
           
             
               Westminster
               ,
               
                 May
                 ,
                 19.
                 1655.
                 
              
            
             
               O.
               P.
               
            
             Superscrib'd
             ,
             To
             the
             most
             Illustrious
             and
             Potent
             Lords
             ,
             the
             Consuls
             and
             Senators
             of
             the
             Protestant
             Cantons
             and
             Confederate
             Cities
             of
             Switzerland
             ,
             Greeting
             .
          
        
         
           
             To
             the
             most
             Serene
             and
             Potent
             Prince
             ,
             Lewis
             King
             of
             France
             ,
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               and
               Potent
               King
               ,
            
          
           
             BY
             your
             Majesty's
             Letters
             which
             you
             Wrote
             in
             answer
             to
             ours
             of
             the
             25th
             of
             May
             ,
             we
             readily
             understand
             ,
             that
             we
             fail'd
             not
             in
             our
             Judgement
             ,
             that
             the
             inhuman
             
             Slaughter
             and
             barbarous
             Massacres
             of
             those
             men
             ,
             who
             profess
             the
             Reformed
             Religion
             in
             Savoy
             ,
             perpetrated
             by
             some
             of
             your
             Regiments
             ,
             were
             the
             Effects
             neither
             of
             your
             Orders
             nor
             Commands
             .
             And
             it
             afforded
             us
             a
             singular
             occasion
             of
             Joy
             ,
             to
             hear
             that
             your
             Majesty
             had
             so
             timely
             signifi'd
             to
             your
             Collonels
             and
             Officers
             ,
             whose
             violent
             precipitancy
             engag'd
             'em
             in
             those
             inhuman
             Butcheries
             without
             the
             encouragement
             of
             Lawful
             Allowance
             ,
             how
             displeasing
             they
             were
             to
             your
             Majesty
             ;
             that
             you
             had
             admonish'd
             the
             Duke
             himself
             to
             forbear
             such
             Acts
             of
             Cruelty
             ;
             and
             that
             you
             had
             interpos'd
             with
             so
             much
             Fidelity
             and
             Humanity
             ,
             all
             the
             high
             Veneration
             paid
             you
             in
             that
             Court
             ,
             your
             near
             Alliance
             and
             Authority
             ,
             for
             restoring
             to
             their
             ancient
             Abodes
             those
             unfortunate
             Exiles
             .
             And
             it
             was
             our
             hopes
             ,
             That
             that
             Prince
             would
             in
             some
             measure
             have
             condescended
             to
             the
             good
             Pleasure
             and
             Intercessions
             
             of
             your
             Majesty
             .
             But
             finding
             not
             any
             thing
             obtain'd
             either
             by
             your
             own
             ,
             nor
             the
             Intreaties
             and
             Importunities
             of
             other
             Princes
             in
             the
             Cause
             of
             the
             Distressed
             ,
             we
             deem'd
             it
             not
             foreign
             from
             our
             duty
             ,
             to
             send
             this
             noble
             Person
             ,
             under
             the
             Character
             of
             our
             extraordinary
             Envoy
             ,
             to
             the
             Duke
             of
             Savoy
             ,
             more
             amply
             and
             ,
             fully
             to
             lay
             before
             him
             ,
             how
             deeply
             sensible
             we
             are
             of
             such
             exasperated
             Cruelties
             inflicted
             upon
             the
             Professors
             of
             the
             same
             Religion
             with
             our selves
             ,
             and
             all
             this
             too
             out
             of
             a
             hatred
             of
             the
             same
             Worship
             .
             And
             we
             have
             reason
             to
             hope
             a
             success
             of
             this
             Negotiation
             so
             much
             the
             more
             prosperous
             ,
             if
             your
             Majesty
             would
             vouchsafe
             to
             employ
             your
             Authority
             and
             Assistance
             once
             again
             with
             so
             much
             the
             more
             urgent
             importunity
             ;
             and
             as
             you
             have
             undertaken
             for
             those
             Indigent
             People
             that
             they
             will
             be
             Faithful
             and
             Obedient
             to
             their
             Prince
             ,
             so
             you
             would
             be
             gratiously
             pleas'd
             to
             take
             care
             of
             their
             Welfare
             
             and
             Safety
             ,
             that
             no
             farther
             Oppressions
             of
             this
             nature
             ,
             no
             more
             such
             dismal
             Calamities
             may
             be
             the
             portion
             of
             the
             Innocent
             and
             Peaceful
             .
             This
             being
             truly
             Royal
             and
             Just
             in
             it self
             ,
             and
             highly
             agreeable
             to
             your
             Benignity
             and
             Clemency
             ,
             which
             every
             where
             protects
             in
             soft
             security
             so
             many
             of
             your
             Subjects
             professing
             the
             same
             Religion
             ,
             we
             cannot
             but
             expect
             ,
             as
             it
             behoves
             us
             ,
             from
             your
             Majesty
             .
             Which
             Act
             of
             yours
             ,
             as
             it
             will
             more
             closely
             bind
             to
             your
             Subjection
             all
             the
             Protestants
             throughout
             your
             spacious
             Dominions
             ,
             
               whose
               Affection
               and
               Fidelity
               to
               your
               Predecessors
               and
               your self
               in
               most
               important
               Distresses
               have
               bin
               often
               conspicuously
               made
               known
            
             ;
             so
             will
             it
             fully
             convince
             all
             Foreign
             Princes
             ,
             that
             the
             Advice
             or
             Intention
             of
             your
             Majesty
             were
             no
             way
             contributory
             to
             this
             prodigious
             Violence
             ,
             whatever
             inflam'd
             your
             Ministers
             and
             Officers
             to
             promote
             it
             .
             More
             especially
             ,
             if
             your
             Majesty
             shall
             inflict
             deserved
             punishment
             
             upon
             those
             Captains
             and
             Ministers
             ,
             who
             of
             their
             own
             Authority
             ,
             and
             to
             gratifie
             their
             own
             Wills
             ,
             adventur'd
             the
             perpetrating
             such
             dreadful
             Acts
             of
             Inhumanity
             .
             In
             the
             mean
             while
             ,
             since
             your
             Majesty
             has
             assur'd
             us
             of
             your
             justly
             merited
             aversion
             to
             these
             most
             inhuman
             and
             cruel
             Proceedings
             ,
             we
             doubt
             not
             but
             you
             will
             assord
             a
             secure
             Sanctuary
             and
             Shelter
             within
             your
             Kingdom
             to
             all
             those
             miserable
             Exiles
             that
             shall
             flye
             to
             your
             Majesty
             for
             Protection
             ;
             and
             that
             you
             will
             not
             give
             permission
             to
             any
             of
             your
             Subjects
             to
             assist
             the
             Duke
             of
             Savoy
             to
             their
             prejudice
             .
             It
             remains
             that
             we
             make
             known
             to
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             how
             highly
             we
             esteem
             and
             value
             your
             Friendship
             :
             In
             testimony
             of
             which
             ,
             we
             farther
             affirm
             there
             shall
             never
             be
             wanting
             upon
             all
             occasions
             the
             real
             assurances
             and
             effects
             of
             our
             Protestation
             .
          
           
             
               White-Hall
               ,
               
                 July
                 29.
                 1655.
                 
              
            
             
               Your
               Majesty's
               most
               Affectionate
               ,
               Oliver
               Protector
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               of
               England
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
        
         
           
           
             To
             the
             most
             Eminent
             Lord
             ,
             Cardinal
             Mazarine
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Eminent
               Lord
               Cardinal
               ,
            
          
           
             HAving
             deem'd
             it
             necessary
             to
             send
             this
             Noble
             Person
             to
             the
             King
             with
             Letters
             ,
             a
             Copy
             of
             which
             is
             here
             enclos'd
             ,
             we
             gave
             him
             also
             farther
             in
             Charge
             to
             Salute
             your
             Excellency
             in
             our
             Name
             ,
             as
             having
             entrusted
             to
             his
             Fidelity
             certain
             other
             matters
             to
             be
             communicated
             to
             your
             Eminency
             .
             In
             reference
             to
             which
             Affairs
             ,
             I
             intreat
             your
             Eminency
             ,
             to
             give
             him
             entire
             Credit
             ,
             as
             being
             a
             Person
             in
             whom
             I
             have
             repos'd
             a
             more
             then
             ordinary
             confidence
             .
          
           
             
               White-Hall
               ,
               
                 July
                 29.
                 1655.
                 
              
            
             
               Your
               Eminencies
               most
               Affectionate
               ,
               Oliver
               Protector
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               of
               .
               England
               .
            
          
        
         
           
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             to
             the
             most
             Serene
             Prince
             ,
             Frederick
             III.
             King
             of
             Danemark
             ,
             Norway
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             WITH
             what
             a
             severe
             and
             unmerciful
             Edict
             Immanuel
             Duke
             of
             Savoy
             has
             expell'd
             from
             their
             Native
             Seats
             his
             Subjects
             inhabiting
             the
             Valleys
             of
             Piemont
             ,
             men
             otherwise
             harmless
             ,
             onely
             for
             many
             years
             remarkably
             famous
             for
             embracing
             the
             Purity
             of
             Religion
             ;
             and
             after
             a
             dreadful
             Slaughter
             of
             some
             numbers
             ,
             how
             he
             has
             expos'd
             the
             rest
             to
             the
             hardships
             of
             those
             desert
             Mountains
             ,
             Stript
             to
             their
             Skins
             ,
             and
             barr'd
             from
             all
             relief
             ,
             we
             believe
             your
             Majesty
             has
             long
             since
             heard
             ,
             and
             doubt
             not
             but
             that
             your
             Majesty
             is
             touch'd
             with
             a
             real
             commiseration
             of
             their
             Sufferings
             ,
             as
             becomes
             so
             puissant
             a
             Defender
             and
             Prince
             of
             the
             Reformed
             Faith.
             For
             indeed
             the
             Institutions
             of
             Christian
             Religion
             require
             ,
             that
             whatever
             Mischiefs
             
             and
             Miseries
             any
             part
             of
             us
             undergo
             ,
             it
             should
             behove
             us
             all
             to
             be
             deeply
             sensible
             of
             the
             same
             :
             Nor
             does
             any
             man
             better
             then
             your
             Majesty
             foresee
             ,
             if
             we
             may
             be
             thought
             able
             to
             give
             a
             right
             conjecture
             of
             your
             Piety
             and
             Prudence
             ,
             what
             dangers
             the
             success
             and
             example
             of
             this
             fact
             portend
             to
             our selves
             in
             particular
             ,
             and
             to
             the
             whole
             Protestant
             name
             in
             general
             .
             We
             have
             written
             the
             more
             willingly
             to
             your self
             ,
             to
             the
             end
             we
             might
             assure
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             that
             the
             same
             sorrow
             which
             we
             hope
             you
             have
             conceiv'd
             for
             the
             Calamity
             of
             our
             most
             Innocent
             Brethren
             ,
             the
             same
             opinion
             ,
             the
             same
             judgment
             you
             have
             of
             the
             whole
             matter
             ,
             is
             plainly
             and
             sincerely
             our
             own
             .
             We
             have
             therefore
             sent
             our
             Letters
             to
             the
             Duke
             of
             Savoy
             ,
             wherein
             we
             have
             most
             importunately
             besought
             him
             to
             spare
             those
             miserable
             People
             that
             implore
             his
             mercy
             ,
             and
             that
             he
             would
             no
             longer
             suffer
             that
             dreadful
             Edict
             to
             be
             in
             force
             .
             Which
             if
             your
             Majesty
             and
             
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Reformed
             Princes
             would
             vouchsafe
             to
             do
             ,
             as
             we
             are
             apt
             to
             belive
             they
             have
             already
             done
             ,
             there
             is
             some
             hope
             that
             the
             Anger
             of
             the
             most
             Serene
             Duke
             may
             be
             asswag'd
             ,
             and
             that
             his
             Indignation
             will
             relent
             upon
             the
             Intercession
             and
             Importunities
             of
             his
             Neighbour
             Princes
             .
             Or
             if
             he
             persist
             in
             his
             Determinations
             ,
             we
             protest
             our selves
             ready
             ,
             together
             with
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             and
             the
             rest
             of
             our
             Confederates
             of
             the
             Reformed
             Religion
             ,
             to
             take
             such
             speedy
             methods
             as
             may
             enable
             us
             ,
             as
             far
             in
             us
             lies
             ,
             to
             relieve
             the
             distresses
             of
             so
             many
             miserable
             Creatures
             ,
             and
             provide
             for
             their
             Liberty
             and
             Safety
             .
             In
             the
             mean
             time
             we
             beseech
             Almighty
             God
             to
             bless
             your
             Majesty
             with
             all
             Prosperity
             .
          
           
             
               White
               Hall
               ,
               
                 May
                 —
                 1655.
                 
              
            
          
        
         
           
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             &c.
             to
             the
             most
             Noble
             the
             Consuls
             and
             Senators
             of
             the
             City
             of
             Geneva
             .
          
           
             WE
             had
             before
             made
             known
             to
             your
             Lordships
             our
             excessive
             Sorrow
             for
             the
             heavy
             and
             unheard
             of
             Calamities
             of
             the
             Protestants
             Inhabiting
             the
             Valleys
             of
             Piemont
             ,
             whom
             the
             Duke
             of
             Savoy
             Persecutes
             with
             so
             much
             Cruelty
             ,
             but
             that
             we
             made
             it
             our
             business
             that
             you
             should
             at
             the
             same
             time
             understand
             ,
             that
             we
             are
             not
             onely
             affected
             with
             the
             multitude
             of
             their
             sufferings
             ,
             but
             are
             using
             the
             utmost
             of
             our
             endeavours
             to
             Relieve
             and
             Comfort
             'em
             in
             their
             distresses
             .
             To
             that
             purpose
             we
             have
             taken
             care
             for
             a
             gathering
             of
             Alms
             to
             be
             made
             throughout
             this
             whole
             Republick
             ;
             which
             upon
             good
             grounds
             we
             expect
             will
             be
             such
             ,
             as
             will
             demonstrate
             the
             affection
             of
             this
             Nation
             toward
             their
             Brethren
             labouring
             under
             the
             burthen
             of
             such
             horrid
             Inhumanities
             ;
             and
             that
             as
             
             the
             Communion
             of
             Religion
             is
             the
             same
             between
             both
             People
             ,
             so
             the
             sence
             of
             their
             Calamities
             is
             no
             less
             the
             same
             .
             In
             the
             mean
             time
             while
             the
             Collections
             of
             the
             Money
             go
             forward
             ,
             which
             in
             regard
             they
             will
             require
             some
             time
             to
             accomplish
             ,
             and
             for
             that
             the
             Wants
             and
             Necessities
             of
             those
             deplorable
             People
             will
             admit
             of
             no
             delay
             ,
             we
             thought
             it
             requifite
             to
             remit
             beforehand
             Two
             thousand
             Pounds
             of
             the
             Value
             of
             England
             ,
             with
             all
             possible
             speed
             to
             be
             distributed
             among
             such
             as
             shall
             be
             judg'd
             to
             be
             most
             in
             present
             need
             of
             Comfort
             and
             Succour
             .
             Now
             in
             regard
             we
             are
             not
             ignorant
             how
             deeply
             the
             miseries
             and
             wrongs
             of
             those
             most
             innocent
             people
             have
             affected
             your selves
             ,
             and
             that
             you
             will
             not
             think
             amiss
             of
             any
             Labour
             or
             Pains
             where
             you
             can
             be
             assisting
             to
             their
             Relief
             ,
             we
             made
             no
             scruple
             to
             commit
             the
             Paying
             and
             Distributing
             this
             Sum
             of
             Money
             to
             your
             Care
             ;
             and
             to
             give
             ye
             this
             farther
             
             trouble
             ,
             that
             according
             to
             your
             wonted
             Piety
             and
             Prudence
             ,
             you
             would
             take
             care
             that
             the
             said
             Money
             made
             be
             distributed
             equally
             to
             the
             most
             Necessitous
             ,
             to
             the
             end
             that
             though
             the
             Sum
             be
             small
             ,
             yet
             there
             may
             be
             something
             to
             Refresh
             and
             Revive
             the
             most
             Poor
             and
             Needy
             ,
             till
             we
             can
             afford
             'em
             a
             more
             plentiful
             Supply
             .
             And
             thus
             ,
             not
             making
             any
             doubt
             but
             you
             will
             take
             in
             good
             part
             the
             trouble
             impos'd
             upon
             ye
             ,
             we
             beseech
             Almighty
             God
             to
             stir
             up
             the
             hearts
             of
             all
             his
             People
             Professing
             the
             Orthodox
             Religion
             ,
             to
             resolve
             upon
             the
             common
             Defence
             of
             themselves
             ,
             and
             the
             mutual
             Assistance
             of
             each
             other
             against
             their
             imbitter'd
             and
             most
             implacable
             Enemies
             :
             In
             the
             prosecution
             of
             which
             we
             should
             rejoyce
             that
             our
             helping
             hand
             might
             be
             any
             way
             serviceable
             to
             the
             Church
             .
             Farewel
             .
          
           
             Fifteen
             hundred
             Pounds
             of
             the
             foresaid
             Two
             thousand
             will
             be
             remitted
             
             by
             
               Gerard
               Hench
            
             from
             Paris
             ,
             and
             the
             other
             Five
             hundred
             Pounds
             will
             be
             taken
             care
             of
             by
             Letters
             from
             the
             Lord
             Stoup
             .
          
           
             
               
                 June
                 8.
                 1655.
                 
              
            
          
        
         
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             &c.
             to
             the
             most
             Serene
             Prince
             ,
             the
             Duke
             of
             Venice
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               Prince
               ,
            
          
           
             AS
             it
             has
             bin
             always
             a
             great
             occasion
             of
             rejoycing
             to
             us
             when
             ever
             any
             prosperous
             Success
             attended
             your
             Arms
             ,
             but
             more
             especially
             against
             the
             Common
             Enemy
             of
             the
             Christian
             Name
             ;
             so
             neither
             are
             we
             sorry
             for
             the
             late
             Advantage
             gain'd
             by
             your
             Fleet
             ,
             though
             as
             we
             understand
             ,
             it
             happen'd
             not
             a
             little
             to
             the
             Detriment
             of
             our
             People
             .
             For
             certain
             of
             our
             Merchants
             ,
             William
             and
             
               Daniel
               Williams
            
             and
             
               Edward
               Beale
            
             ,
             have
             set
             forth
             in
             a
             Petition
             presented
             to
             us
             ,
             that
             a
             Ship
             of
             theirs
             ,
             call'd
             the
             
               Great
               Prince
            
             ,
             was
             lately
             sent
             by
             
             them
             with
             Goods
             and
             Merchandize
             to
             Constantinople
             ,
             where
             the
             said
             Ship
             was
             detain'd
             by
             the
             Ministers
             of
             the
             Port
             ,
             to
             carry
             Soldiers
             and
             Provisions
             to
             Creet
             ;
             and
             that
             the
             said
             Ship
             being
             constrain'd
             to
             Sail
             along
             with
             the
             same
             Fleet
             of
             the
             Turks
             ,
             which
             was
             set
             upon
             and
             vanquish'd
             by
             the
             Gallies
             of
             the
             Venetians
             ,
             was
             taken
             ,
             carri'd
             away
             to
             Venice
             ,
             and
             there
             adjudg'd
             Lawful
             Prize
             by
             the
             Judges
             of
             the
             Admiralty
             .
             Now
             therefore
             in
             regard
             the
             said
             Ship
             was
             press'd
             by
             the
             Turks
             ,
             and
             forc'd
             into
             their
             Service
             without
             the
             Knowledge
             or
             Consent
             of
             the
             Owners
             directly
             or
             indirectly
             obtain'd
             ,
             and
             that
             it
             was
             impossible
             for
             her
             ,
             being
             Ship'd
             with
             Soldiers
             ,
             to
             withdraw
             from
             the
             Engagement
             ,
             we
             most
             earnestly
             request
             your
             Serenity
             ,
             That
             you
             will
             remit
             that
             sentence
             of
             your
             Admiralty
             ,
             as
             a
             Present
             to
             our
             Friendship
             ,
             and
             take
             such
             care
             that
             the
             Ship
             may
             be
             restor'd
             to
             the
             Owners
             ,
             no
             way
             deserving
             the
             
             displeasure
             of
             your
             Republick
             by
             any
             Act
             of
             theirs
             .
             In
             the
             obtaining
             of
             which
             request
             ,
             more
             especially
             upon
             our
             Intercession
             ,
             while
             we
             find
             the
             Merchants
             themselves
             so
             well
             assur'd
             of
             your
             Clemency
             ,
             It
             behoves
             us
             not
             to
             question
             it
             .
             And
             so
             we
             beseech
             the
             Almighty
             God
             to
             continue
             his
             prosperous
             Blessings
             upon
             your
             Noble
             ,
             Designs
             and
             the
             Venetian
             Republick
             .
          
           
             
               Westminster
               ,
               
                 December
                 —
                 1655.
                 
              
            
             
               Your
               Serenity's
               ,
               and
               the
               Venetian
               Republick's
               ,
               most
               Affectionate
               ,
               Oliver
               Protector
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               of
               England
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
        
         
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             &c.
             to
             the
             most
             Serene
             Prince
             ,
             Lewis
             King
             of
             France
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               King
               ,
            
          
           
             CErtain
             of
             our
             Merchants
             ,
             by
             name
             ,
             
               Samuel
               Mico
               ,
               William
               Cockain
               ,
               George
               Poyner
               ,
            
             and
             several
             others
             ,
             in
             a
             Petition
             to
             us
             have
             set
             
             forth
             ,
             That
             in
             the
             year
             1650.
             they
             Laded
             a
             Ship
             of
             theirs
             ,
             call'd
             the
             Vnicorn
             ,
             with
             Goods
             of
             a
             very
             considerable
             value
             ;
             and
             that
             the
             said
             Ship
             being
             thus
             Laden
             with
             Silk
             ,
             Oyl
             and
             other
             Merchandize
             ,
             amounting
             to
             above
             Thirty
             four
             thousand
             of
             our
             Pounds
             ,
             was
             taken
             by
             the
             Admiral
             and
             Vice-Admiral
             of
             your
             Majesty's
             Fleet
             in
             the
             Mediterranean
             Sea.
             Now
             it
             appears
             to
             us
             ,
             that
             our
             People
             who
             were
             then
             in
             the
             Ship
             ,
             by
             reason
             there
             was
             at
             that
             time
             a
             Peace
             between
             the
             French
             and
             us
             ,
             that
             never
             had
             bin
             violated
             in
             the
             least
             ,
             were
             not
             willing
             to
             make
             any
             Defence
             against
             your
             Majesty's
             Royal
             Ships
             ,
             and
             therefore
             over-rul'd
             besides
             by
             the
             fair
             Promises
             of
             the
             Captains
             Paul
             ,
             and
             Terrery
             ,
             who
             faithfully
             engag'd
             to
             dismiss
             our
             People
             ,
             they
             paid
             their
             Obedience
             to
             the
             Maritime
             Laws
             ,
             and
             produc'd
             their
             Bills
             of
             Lading
             .
             Moreover
             ,
             we
             find
             that
             the
             Merchants
             aforesaid
             ,
             sent
             their
             Agent
             into
             France
             to
             demand
             
             Restitution
             of
             the
             said
             Ship
             and
             Goods
             :
             And
             then
             it
             was
             ,
             that
             after
             above
             Three
             years
             slipt
             away
             ,
             when
             the
             Suit
             was
             brought
             so
             far
             that
             Sentence
             of
             Restitution
             or
             Condemnation
             was
             to
             have
             bin
             given
             ;
             that
             his
             Eminency
             Cardinal
             Mazarine
             acknowledg'd
             to
             their
             Factor
             
               Hugh
               Morel
            
             ,
             the
             wrong
             that
             had
             bin
             done
             the
             Merchants
             ,
             and
             undertook
             that
             Satisfaction
             should
             be
             given
             ,
             so
             soon
             as
             the
             League
             between
             the
             two
             Nations
             ,
             which
             was
             then
             under
             Negotiation
             ,
             should
             be
             Ratifi'd
             and
             Confirm'd
             .
             Nay
             ,
             since
             that
             ,
             his
             Excellency
             M.
             
               de
               Bourdeaux
            
             ,
             your
             Majesty's
             Embassador
             ,
             assur'd
             us
             in
             express
             Words
             ,
             by
             the
             Command
             of
             your
             Majesty
             and
             your
             Council
             ,
             That
             care
             should
             be
             taken
             of
             that
             Ship
             and
             Goods
             in
             a
             particular
             Exception
             ,
             a
             part
             from
             those
             controversies
             ,
             for
             the
             decision
             of
             which
             a
             general
             provision
             was
             made
             by
             the
             League
             ;
             of
             which
             promise
             ,
             the
             Embassador
             ,
             now
             opportunely
             arriv'd
             here
             to
             solicit
             
             some
             business
             of
             his
             own
             ,
             is
             a
             Testimony
             no
             way
             to
             be
             question'd
             .
             Which
             being
             true
             ,
             and
             the
             Right
             of
             the
             Merchants
             in
             redemanding
             their
             Ship
             and
             Goods
             so
             undeniably
             apparent
             ,
             we
             most
             earnestly
             request
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             that
             they
             may
             meet
             with
             no
             delay
             in
             obtaining
             what
             is
             justly
             their
             due
             ,
             but
             that
             your
             Majesty
             will
             admit
             the
             grant
             of
             this
             Favour
             ,
             as
             the
             first
             fruits
             of
             our
             reviv'd
             Amity
             and
             the
             lately
             renew'd
             League
             between
             us
             .
             The
             refusal
             of
             which
             ,
             as
             we
             have
             no
             reason
             to
             doubt
             ,
             so
             we
             beseech
             Almighty
             God
             to
             Bless
             with
             all
             Prosperity
             both
             your
             Majesty
             and
             your
             Kingdom
             .
          
           
             
               Westminster
               ,
               
                 Decemb.
                 —
                 1655.
                 
              
            
             
               Your
               Majesty's
               most
               Affectionate
               ,
               Oliver
               Protector
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               of
               
                 England
                 ,
                 Scotland
              
               ,
               and
               Ireland
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
        
         
           
             To
             the
             Evangelic
             Cities
             of
             Switzerland
             .
          
           
             IN
             what
             condition
             your
             Affairs
             are
             ,
             which
             is
             not
             the
             best
             ,
             we
             
             are
             abundantly
             inform'd
             ,
             as
             well
             by
             your
             publick
             Acts
             transmitted
             to
             us
             by
             our
             Agent
             at
             Geneva
             ,
             as
             also
             by
             your
             Letters
             from
             Zurick
             ,
             bearing
             date
             the
             27th
             .
             of
             December
             .
             Whereby
             ,
             although
             we
             are
             sorry
             to
             find
             your
             Peace
             ,
             and
             such
             a
             lasting
             League
             of
             Confederacy
             broken
             ;
             nevertheless
             since
             it
             appears
             to
             have
             happen'd
             through
             no
             fault
             of
             yours
             ,
             we
             are
             in
             hopes
             that
             the
             Iniquity
             and
             perverseness
             of
             your
             Adversaries
             are
             contriving
             new
             occasions
             for
             ye
             to
             make
             known
             your
             long-ago
             experienc'd
             Fortitude
             and
             Resolution
             in
             Defence
             of
             the
             Evangelick
             Faith.
             For
             as
             for
             those
             of
             the
             Canton
             of
             Schwits
             ,
             who
             account
             it
             a
             Capital
             Crime
             for
             any
             person
             to
             embrace
             our
             Religion
             ,
             what
             they
             are
             might
             and
             main
             designing
             ,
             and
             whose
             instigations
             have
             incens'd
             'em
             to
             resolutions
             of
             Hostility
             against
             the
             Orthodox
             Religion
             ,
             no
             body
             can
             be
             ignorant
             ,
             who
             has
             not
             yet
             forgot
             that
             most
             detestable
             Slaughter
             of
             our
             Brethren
             in
             
             Piemont
             .
             Wherefore
             ,
             most
             beloved
             Friends
             ,
             what
             you
             were
             always
             wont
             to
             be
             ,
             with
             God's
             assistance
             still
             continue
             ,
             Magnanimous
             and
             Resolute
             ;
             suffer
             not
             your
             Privileges
             ,
             your
             Confederacies
             ,
             the
             Liberty
             of
             your
             Consciences
             ,
             your
             Religion
             it self
             to
             be
             trampled
             under
             foot
             by
             the
             Worshippers
             of
             Idols
             ;
             and
             so
             prepare
             your selves
             ,
             that
             you
             may
             not
             seem
             to
             be
             the
             Defenders
             onely
             of
             your
             own
             Freedom
             and
             Safety
             ,
             but
             be
             ready
             likewise
             to
             Aid
             and
             Succour
             ,
             as
             far
             as
             in
             you
             lies
             ,
             your
             Neighbouring
             Brethren
             ,
             more
             especially
             those
             most
             deplorable
             Piedmontois
             ;
             as
             being
             certainly
             convinc'd
             of
             this
             ,
             that
             a
             Passage
             was
             lately
             intended
             to
             have
             bin
             open'd
             over
             their
             Slaughter'd
             bodies
             to
             your
             sides
             .
             As
             for
             our
             part
             ,
             be
             assur'd
             ,
             that
             we
             are
             no
             less
             anxious
             and
             solicitous
             for
             your
             Welfare
             and
             Prosperity
             ,
             then
             if
             this
             conflagration
             had
             broken
             forth
             in
             our
             Republick
             ;
             or
             as
             if
             the
             Axes
             of
             the
             
               Schwits
               Canton
            
             had
             bin
             sharpen'd
             for
             
             our
             Necks
             ,
             or
             that
             their
             Swords
             had
             bin
             drawn
             against
             our
             Breasts
             ,
             as
             indeed
             they
             were
             against
             the
             bosoms
             of
             all
             the
             Reformed
             .
             Therefore
             so
             soon
             as
             we
             were
             inform'd
             of
             the
             condition
             of
             your
             Affairs
             ,
             and
             the
             obstinate
             Animosities
             of
             your
             Enemies
             ,
             advising
             with
             some
             sincere
             and
             honest
             Persons
             ,
             together
             with
             some
             Mininisters
             of
             the
             Church
             most
             eminent
             for
             their
             Piety
             ,
             about
             sending
             to
             your
             Assistance
             such
             Succour
             as
             the
             present
             posture
             of
             our
             Affairs
             would
             permit
             ,
             we
             came
             to
             those
             Results
             ,
             which
             our
             Envoy
             Pell
             will
             impart
             to
             your
             consideration
             .
             In
             the
             mean
             time
             we
             cease
             not
             to
             implore
             the
             Blessing
             of
             the
             Almighty
             upon
             all
             your
             Counsels
             ,
             and
             the
             Protection
             of
             your
             most
             just
             Cause
             as
             well
             in
             War
             as
             in
             Peace
             .
          
           
             
               Westminster
               ,
               
                 Jan.
                 —
                 1655.
                 
              
            
             
               Your
               Lordships
               and
               Worships
               most
               Affectionate
               ,
               Oliver
               Protector
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               of
               England
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
        
         
           
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             &c.
             to
             the
             most
             Serene
             Prince
             Charles
             Gustavus
             ,
             by
             the
             Grace
             of
             God
             King
             of
             the
             Swedes
             ,
             Goths
             and
             Vandals
             ,
             Great
             Prince
             of
             Finland
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               King
               ,
            
          
           
             SEeing
             it
             is
             a
             thing
             well
             known
             to
             all
             men
             ,
             that
             there
             ought
             to
             be
             a
             Communication
             of
             concerns
             among
             Friends
             ,
             whether
             in
             Prosperity
             or
             Adversity
             ;
             it
             cannot
             be
             ,
             but
             most
             grateful
             to
             us
             ,
             that
             your
             Majesty
             should
             vouchsafe
             to
             impart
             unto
             us
             by
             your
             Letters
             the
             most
             pleasing
             and
             delightful
             part
             of
             your
             Friendship
             ,
             which
             is
             your
             joy
             .
             In
             regard
             it
             is
             a
             mark
             of
             singular
             Civility
             ,
             and
             truly
             Royal
             ,
             as
             not
             to
             live
             onely
             to
             a
             man's
             self
             ,
             so
             neither
             to
             rejoyce
             alone
             ,
             unless
             he
             be
             sensible
             that
             his
             Friends
             and
             Confederates
             partake
             of
             his
             gladness
             .
             Certainly
             then
             ,
             we
             have
             reason
             to
             rejoyce
             for
             the
             Birth
             of
             a
             young
             Prince
             Born
             to
             such
             an
             excellent
             King
             ,
             and
             sent
             into
             the
             world
             
             to
             be
             the
             Heir
             of
             his
             Father's
             Glory
             and
             Vertue
             ;
             and
             this
             at
             such
             a
             lucky
             season
             ,
             that
             we
             have
             no
             less
             cause
             to
             Congratulate
             the
             Royal
             Parent
             with
             the
             memorable
             Omen
             that
             befel
             the
             Famous
             Philip
             of
             Macedon
             ,
             who
             at
             the
             same
             time
             receiv'd
             the
             Tydings
             of
             
             Alexander's
             Birth
             ,
             and
             the
             Conquest
             of
             the
             Illyrians
             .
             For
             we
             make
             no
             question
             ,
             but
             the
             wresting
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             of
             Poland
             from
             Papal
             Subjection
             ,
             as
             it
             were
             a
             Horn
             dismembred
             from
             the
             Head
             of
             the
             Beast
             ,
             and
             the
             Peace
             so
             much
             desir'd
             by
             all
             Good
             men
             ,
             concluded
             with
             the
             Duke
             of
             Brandenburgh
             will
             be
             most
             highly
             conducing
             to
             the
             Tranquility
             and
             Advantage
             of
             the
             Church
             .
             Heaven
             grant
             a
             conclusion
             correspondent
             to
             such
             signal
             beginnings
             ;
             and
             may
             the
             Son
             be
             like
             the
             Father
             in
             Vertue
             ,
             Piety
             ,
             and
             Renown
             ,
             obtain'd
             by
             great
             Atchievments
             .
             Which
             is
             that
             we
             wish
             may
             luckily
             come
             to
             pass
             ,
             and
             which
             
             we
             beg
             of
             the
             Almighty
             ,
             so
             propitious
             hitherto
             to
             your
             Affairs
             .
          
           
             
               Westminster
               ,
               
                 Feb.
                 —
                 1655.
                 
              
            
             
               Your
               Majesty's
               most
               Affectionate
               ,
               Oliver
               Protector
               of
               the
               
                 Comonwealth
                 of
              
               England
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
        
         
           
             To
             the
             King
             of
             Danemark
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               and
               Potent
               Prince
               ,
            
          
           
             
               JOhn
               Freeman
            
             and
             
               Philip
               Travess
            
             ,
             Citizens
             of
             this
             Republick
             ,
             by
             a
             Petition
             presented
             to
             us
             ,
             in
             their
             own
             and
             the
             Name
             of
             several
             other
             Merchants
             of
             London
             ,
             have
             made
             a
             complaint
             ,
             That
             whereas
             about
             the
             Month
             of
             March
             in
             the
             year
             1653.
             they
             Freighted
             a
             certain
             Ship
             of
             Sunderburgh
             ,
             call'd
             the
             
               Saviour
               ,
               Nicolas
               Weinskinks
            
             Master
             ,
             with
             Woollen
             Cloth
             ,
             and
             other
             Commodities
             to
             the
             Value
             of
             above
             Three
             thousand
             Pound
             ,
             with
             Orders
             to
             the
             Master
             ,
             That
             he
             should
             Sail
             directly
             up
             the
             Baltick
             for
             Dantzick
             ,
             paying
             the
             usual
             Tribute
             at
             Elsenore
             ,
             to
             which
             purpose
             
             in
             particulor
             they
             gave
             him
             Money
             ;
             nevertheless
             that
             the
             said
             Master
             ,
             Perfidiously
             and
             contrary
             to
             the
             Orders
             of
             the
             said
             Merchants
             ,
             slipping
             by
             Elsenore
             without
             paying
             the
             usual
             Duty
             ,
             thought
             to
             have
             proceeded
             in
             his
             Voyage
             ,
             but
             that
             the
             Ship
             for
             this
             reason
             was
             immediately
             Seiz'd
             and
             detain'd
             with
             all
             her
             Lading
             .
             After
             due
             consideration
             of
             which
             Complaints
             ,
             we
             Wrote
             in
             favour
             of
             the
             Merchants
             to
             your
             Majesty's
             Embassador
             residing
             at
             London
             ,
             who
             promis'd
             ,
             as
             they
             say
             ,
             that
             as
             soon
             as
             he
             return'd
             to
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             he
             would
             take
             care
             that
             the
             Merchants
             should
             be
             taken
             into
             consideration
             .
             But
             he
             being
             sent
             to
             Negotiate
             your
             Majesty's
             Affairs
             in
             other
             Countries
             ,
             the
             Merchants
             attended
             upon
             him
             in
             vain
             ,
             both
             before
             and
             after
             his
             departure
             ,
             so
             that
             they
             were
             forc'd
             to
             send
             their
             Agent
             to
             prosecute
             their
             Right
             and
             Claim
             at
             Copenhagen
             ,
             and
             demand
             Restitution
             of
             the
             Ship
             and
             Goods
             ;
             but
             all
             the
             Benefit
             
             they
             reap'd
             by
             it
             ,
             was
             onely
             to
             add
             more
             expences
             to
             their
             former
             damages
             ,
             and
             a
             great
             deal
             of
             labour
             and
             pains
             thrown
             away
             ;
             the
             Goods
             being
             condemn'd
             ,
             to
             Confiscation
             ,
             and
             still
             detain'd
             :
             Whereas
             by
             the
             Law
             of
             Danemark
             ,
             as
             they
             set
             forth
             in
             their
             Petition
             ,
             the
             Master
             is
             to
             be
             Punish'd
             for
             his
             Offence
             ,
             and
             the
             Ship
             is
             to
             be
             Condemn'd
             but
             not
             the
             Goods
             .
             And
             they
             look
             upon
             this
             misfortune
             to
             lye
             the
             more
             heavy
             upon
             'em
             ,
             in
             regard
             the
             Duty
             which
             is
             to
             be
             paid
             at
             Elsenore
             ,
             as
             they
             tell
             us
             ,
             is
             but
             very
             small
             .
             Wherefore
             seeing
             our
             Merchants
             seem
             to
             have
             given
             no
             cause
             of
             Proscription
             ,
             and
             for
             that
             the
             Master
             confess'd
             before
             his
             death
             ,
             that
             this
             damage
             befel
             them
             onely
             through
             his
             neglect
             ;
             and
             the
             Father
             of
             the
             Master
             deceas'd
             ,
             by
             his
             Petition
             to
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             as
             we
             are
             given
             to
             understand
             ,
             by
             laying
             all
             the
             blame
             upon
             his
             Son
             ,
             has
             acquitted
             the
             Merchants
             ,
             we
             could
             not
             but
             believe
             the
             detaining
             of
             the
             
             said
             Ship
             and
             Goods
             to
             be
             most
             unjust
             ;
             and
             therefore
             we
             are
             confident
             ,
             that
             so
             soon
             as
             your
             Majesty
             shall
             be
             rightly
             inform'd
             of
             the
             whole
             matter
             ,
             you
             will
             not
             only
             disapprove
             of
             these
             Oppressions
             of
             your
             Ministers
             ,
             but
             give
             command
             that
             they
             be
             call'd
             to
             an
             account
             ,
             that
             the
             Goods
             be
             restor'd
             to
             the
             Owners
             or
             their
             Factors
             ,
             and
             Reparation
             made
             'em
             for
             the
             Losses
             they
             have
             sustain'd
             .
             All
             which
             we
             most
             earnestly
             request
             of
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             as
             being
             no
             more
             then
             what
             is
             so
             just
             and
             consentaneous
             to
             reason
             ,
             that
             a
             more
             equitable
             demand
             or
             more
             legal
             satisfaction
             cannot
             well
             be
             made
             ,
             considering
             the
             Justice
             of
             our
             Merchants
             Cause
             ,
             and
             which
             your
             own
             Subjects
             would
             think
             but
             fair
             and
             honest
             upon
             the
             like
             occasions
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             To
             the
             most
             Serene
             Prince
             ,
             John
             the
             Fourth
             ,
             King
             of
             Portugal
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               King
               ,
            
          
           
             THE
             Peace
             and
             Friendship
             which
             your
             Majesty
             desir'd
             ,
             by
             your
             Noble
             and
             Splendid
             Embassy
             ,
             sent
             to
             us
             some
             time
             since
             ,
             after
             certain
             Negotiations
             begun
             by
             the
             Parlament
             ,
             in
             whom
             the
             Supreme
             Power
             was
             vested
             at
             that
             time
             ,
             as
             it
             was
             always
             most
             affectionately
             wish'd
             for
             by
             us
             ,
             with
             the
             assistance
             of
             God
             ,
             and
             that
             we
             might
             not
             be
             wanting
             in
             the
             Administration
             of
             the
             Government
             which
             we
             have
             now
             taken
             upon
             us
             ,
             at
             length
             we
             brought
             to
             a
             happy
             conclusion
             ,
             and
             as
             we
             hope
             ,
             as
             a
             sacred
             Act
             ,
             have
             ratifi'd
             it
             to
             perpetuity
             .
             And
             therefore
             we
             send
             back
             to
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             your
             extraordinary
             Embassador
             ,
             the
             Lord
             
               John
               Roderigo
               de
               Sita
               Meneses
            
             ,
             Count
             of
             Pennaguiada
             ,
             a
             person
             both
             approv'd
             by
             your
             Majesty's
             judgment
             ,
             and
             by
             us
             experienc'd
             to
             excel
             in
             Civility
             ,
             
             Ingenuity
             ,
             Prudence
             and
             Fidelity
             ,
             besides
             the
             merited
             applause
             which
             he
             has
             justly
             gain'd
             by
             accomplishing
             the
             ends
             of
             his
             Embassy
             ,
             which
             is
             the
             Peace
             which
             he
             carries
             along
             with
             him
             to
             his
             Country
             .
             But
             as
             to
             what
             we
             perceive
             by
             your
             Letters
             dated
             from
             Lisbon
             the
             second
             of
             April
             ,
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             how
             highly
             your
             Majesty
             esteems
             our
             Amity
             ,
             how
             cordially
             you
             favour
             our
             Advancement
             ,
             and
             rejoyce
             at
             our
             having
             taken
             the
             Government
             of
             the
             Republick
             upon
             us
             ,
             which
             you
             are
             pleas'd
             to
             manifest
             by
             singular
             Testimonies
             of
             Kindness
             and
             Affection
             ,
             we
             shall
             make
             it
             our
             business
             ,
             that
             all
             the
             world
             may
             understand
             ,
             by
             our
             readiness
             at
             all
             times
             to
             serve
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             that
             there
             could
             be
             nothing
             more
             acceptable
             or
             grateful
             to
             us
             .
             Nor
             are
             we
             less
             earnest
             in
             our
             Prayers
             to
             God
             for
             your
             Majesty's
             safety
             ,
             the
             welfare
             of
             your
             Kingdom
             ,
             and
             the
             prosperous
             success
             of
             your
             Affairs
             .
          
           
             
               Your
               Majesty's
               most
               Affectionate
               ,
               Oliver
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
        
         
           
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             &c.
             To
             the
             High
             and
             Mighty
             States
             of
             the
             United
             Provinces
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               High
               and
               Mighty
               Lords
               ,
               our
               dearest
               Friends
               ,
            
          
           
             CERTAIN
             Merchants
             ,
             our
             Countrey-men
             ,
             
               Thomas
               Bassel
               ,
               Richard
               Beare
            
             ,
             and
             others
             their
             Co-Partners
             ,
             have
             made
             their
             complaints
             before
             us
             ,
             That
             a
             certain
             Ship
             of
             theirs
             ,
             the
             Edmund
             and
             John
             ,
             in
             her
             Voyage
             from
             the
             Coast
             of
             Brasile
             to
             Lisbon
             ,
             was
             set
             upon
             by
             a
             Privateer
             of
             Flushing
             ,
             call'd
             the
             Red-Lyon
             ,
             Commanded
             by
             
               Lambert
               Bartelson
            
             ,
             but
             upon
             this
             condition
             ,
             which
             the
             Writing
             Sign'd
             by
             Lambert
             himself
             testifies
             ,
             That
             the
             Ship
             and
             whatsoever
             Goods
             belong'd
             to
             the
             English
             should
             be
             restor'd
             at
             Flushing
             :
             where
             when
             the
             Vessel
             arriv'd
             ,
             the
             Ship
             indeed
             with
             what
             peculiarly
             belong'd
             to
             the
             Seamen
             was
             restor'd
             ,
             but
             the
             English
             Merchants
             Goods
             were
             detain'd
             and
             put
             forthwith
             to
             Sale
             :
             For
             the
             Merchants
             who
             had
             
             receiv'd
             the
             Damage
             ,
             when
             they
             had
             su'd
             for
             their
             Goods
             in
             the
             Court
             of
             Flushing
             ,
             after
             great
             Expences
             for
             Five
             years
             together
             ,
             lost
             their
             Suit
             ,
             by
             the
             pronouncing
             of
             a
             most
             unjust
             Sentence
             against
             'em
             by
             those
             Judges
             ,
             of
             which
             some
             being
             interested
             in
             the
             Privateer
             ,
             were
             both
             Judges
             and
             Adversaries
             ,
             and
             no
             less
             Criminal
             altogether
             .
             So
             that
             now
             they
             have
             no
             other
             hopes
             but
             onely
             in
             your
             Equity
             and
             uncorrupted
             Faith
             ,
             to
             which
             at
             last
             they
             fly
             for
             Succour
             ;
             and
             which
             they
             believ'd
             they
             should
             find
             the
             more
             inclinable
             to
             do
             'em
             Justice
             ,
             if
             assisted
             by
             our
             Recommendation
             .
             And
             men
             are
             surely
             to
             be
             pardon'd
             ,
             if
             afraid
             of
             all
             things
             in
             so
             great
             a
             struggle
             for
             their
             Estates
             ,
             they
             rather
             call
             to
             mind
             what
             they
             have
             reason
             to
             fear
             from
             your
             Authority
             and
             high
             Power
             ,
             then
             what
             they
             have
             to
             hope
             well
             of
             their
             Cause
             ,
             especially
             before
             sincere
             and
             upright
             Judges
             :
             
             Though
             for
             our
             parts
             we
             make
             no
             question
             ,
             but
             that
             induc'd
             by
             your
             Religion
             ,
             your
             Justice
             ,
             your
             Integrity
             ,
             rather
             then
             by
             our
             Intreaties
             ,
             you
             will
             give
             that
             Judgment
             which
             is
             Just
             and
             Equal
             and
             truly
             becoming
             your selves
             .
             God
             preserve
             both
             you
             and
             your
             Republick
             to
             his
             own
             Glory
             and
             the
             defence
             and
             Succour
             of
             his
             Church
             .
          
           
             
               Westminster
               ,
               
                 April
                 1.
                 1656.
                 
              
            
             
               Oliver
               Protector
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               of
               England
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
        
         
           
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             Scotland
             ,
             and
             Ireland
             ,
             &c.
             
             To
             the
             most
             Serene
             Prince
             ,
             Charles
             Gustavus
             ,
             King
             of
             the
             Swedes
             ,
             Goths
             and
             Vandals
             ,
             Great
             Prince
             of
             Finland
             ,
             Duke
             of
             Esthonia
             ,
             Carelia
             ,
             Breme
             ,
             Verden
             ,
             Stettin
             ,
             Pomerania
             ,
             Cassubia
             and
             Vandalia
             ,
             Prince
             of
             Rugia
             ,
             Lord
             of
             Ingria
             and
             Wismaria
             ,
             Count
             Palatine
             of
             the
             Rhine
             ,
             Duke
             of
             Bavaria
             ,
             Juliers
             ,
             Cleves
             and
             Monts
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               Prince
               ,
            
          
           
             
               PEter
               Julius
               Coict
            
             having
             accomplish'd
             the
             Affairs
             of
             his
             Embassy
             with
             us
             ,
             and
             so
             acquitted
             himself
             ,
             that
             he
             is
             not
             by
             us
             to
             be
             dismiss'd
             without
             the
             Ornament
             of
             his
             deserved
             Praises
             ,
             is
             now
             returning
             to
             your
             Majesty
             .
             For
             he
             was
             most
             acceptable
             to
             us
             ,
             as
             well
             and
             chiefly
             for
             your
             own
             sake
             ,
             which
             ought
             with
             us
             to
             be
             of
             high
             consideration
             ,
             as
             for
             his
             own
             deserts
             in
             the
             diligent
             acquittal
             of
             his
             Trust
             .
             The
             Recommendation
             therefore
             which
             we
             receiv'd
             from
             you
             in
             his
             behalf
             ,
             we
             
             freely
             testifie
             to
             have
             bin
             made
             good
             by
             him
             ,
             and
             deservedly
             given
             by
             your self
             ;
             as
             he
             on
             the
             other
             side
             is
             able
             with
             the
             same
             Fidelity
             and
             Integrity
             to
             relate
             and
             most
             truly
             to
             declare
             our
             singular
             Affection
             and
             Observance
             toward
             your
             Majesty
             .
             It
             remains
             for
             us
             to
             beseech
             the
             most
             Merciful
             and
             All-powerful
             God
             to
             Bless
             your
             Majesty
             with
             all
             Felicity
             ,
             and
             a
             perpetual
             course
             of
             Victory
             over
             all
             the
             Enemies
             of
             his
             Church
             .
          
           
             
               Westminster
               ,
               
                 Apirl
                 17.
                 1656.
                 
              
            
             
               Your
               Majesty's
               most
               Affectionate
               ,
               Oliver
               Protector
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               of
               England
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
        
         
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             &c.
             To
             the
             most
             Serene
             and
             Potent
             Prince
             ,
             Lewis
             King
             of
             France
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               Prince
               ,
            
          
           
             
               JOhn
               Dethic
            
             Mayor
             of
             the
             City
             of
             London
             for
             this
             Year
             ,
             and
             
               William
               Wakefield
            
             Merchant
             ,
             have
             made
             their
             Addresses
             to
             us
             by
             way
             of
             Petition
             
             complaining
             ,
             That
             about
             the
             middle
             of
             
               October
               1649.
            
             they
             freighted
             a
             certain
             Ship
             ,
             call'd
             the
             Jonas
             of
             
               London
               ,
               Jonas
               Lightfoot
            
             Master
             ,
             with
             Goods
             that
             were
             to
             be
             sent
             to
             Ostend
             ;
             which
             Vessel
             was
             taken
             in
             the
             mouth
             of
             the
             River
             Thames
             ,
             by
             one
             White
             of
             Barking
             ,
             a
             Pyrate
             Robbing
             upon
             the
             Seas
             by
             Vertue
             of
             a
             Commission
             from
             the
             Son
             of
             King
             Charles
             deceas'd
             ,
             and
             carri'd
             to
             Dnnkirk
             ,
             then
             under
             the
             Jurisdiction
             of
             the
             French.
             Now
             in
             regard
             that
             by
             your
             Majesty's
             Edict
             in
             the
             year
             1647.
             renew'd
             in
             1649.
             and
             by
             some
             other
             Decrees
             in
             favour
             of
             the
             Parlament
             of
             England
             ,
             as
             they
             find
             it
             recorded
             ,
             it
             was
             Enacted
             ,
             That
             no
             Vessel
             or
             Goods
             taken
             from
             the
             English
             ,
             in
             the
             time
             of
             that
             War
             ,
             should
             be
             carri'd
             into
             any
             of
             your
             Majesty's
             Ports
             to
             be
             there
             put
             to
             Sale
             ,
             they
             presently
             sent
             their
             Factor
             
               Hugh
               Morel
            
             to
             Dunkirk
             ,
             to
             demand
             Restitution
             of
             the
             said
             Ship
             and
             Goods
             from
             
               M.
               Lestrade
            
             then
             Governor
             of
             
             the
             Town
             ;
             more
             especially
             finding
             them
             in
             the
             Place
             for
             the
             most
             part
             untouch'd
             ,
             and
             neither
             Exchang'd
             or
             Sold.
             To
             which
             the
             Governor
             made
             Answer
             ,
             That
             the
             King
             had
             bestow'd
             that
             Government
             upon
             him
             of
             his
             free
             Gift
             for
             Service
             done
             the
             King
             in
             his
             Wars
             ,
             and
             therefore
             he
             would
             take
             care
             to
             make
             the
             best
             of
             the
             Reward
             of
             his
             Labour
             .
             So
             that
             having
             little
             to
             hope
             from
             an
             Answer
             so
             unkind
             and
             unjust
             ,
             after
             a
             great
             Expence
             of
             Time
             and
             Money
             ,
             the
             Factor
             return'd
             home
             .
             So
             that
             all
             the
             remaining
             hopes
             which
             the
             Petitioners
             have
             ,
             seem
             wholly
             to
             depend
             upon
             your
             Majesty's
             Justice
             and
             Clemency
             ,
             to
             which
             they
             thought
             they
             might
             have
             the
             more
             easie
             access
             by
             means
             of
             our
             Letters
             .
             and
             therefore
             that
             neither
             your
             Clemency
             nor
             your
             Justice
             may
             be
             wanting
             to
             People
             despoil'd
             against
             all
             Law
             and
             Reason
             ,
             and
             contrary
             to
             your
             repeated
             Prohibitions
             ,
             we
             make
             it
             our
             request
             .
             Wherein
             ,
             if
             
             your
             Majesty
             vouchsafe
             to
             gratifie
             us
             ,
             since
             there
             is
             nothing
             requir'd
             but
             what
             is
             most
             just
             and
             equitable
             ,
             we
             shall
             deem
             it
             as
             obtain'd
             rather
             from
             your
             innate
             Integrity
             ,
             then
             any
             intreaty
             of
             ours
             .
          
           
             
               Westminster
               ,
               
                 May
                 —
                 1656.
                 
              
            
             
               Your
               Majesty's
               most
               Affectionate
               ,
               Oliver
               Protector
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               of
               England
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
        
         
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             &c.
             To
             the
             High
             and
             Mighty
             Lords
             ,
             the
             States
             of
             the
             United
             Provinces
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               High
               and
               Mighty
               Lords
               ,
               our
               dearest
               Friends
               ,
            
          
           
             
               JOhn
               Brown
               ,
               Nicholas
               Williams
            
             ,
             and
             others
             ,
             Citizens
             of
             London
             ,
             have
             set
             forth
             in
             their
             Petition
             to
             us
             ,
             that
             when
             they
             had
             every
             one
             brought
             in
             their
             Proportions
             and
             Freighted
             a
             certain
             Ship
             call'd
             the
             Good-Hope
             of
             London
             ,
             bound
             for
             the
             East-Indies
             ,
             they
             gave
             Orders
             to
             their
             Factor
             to
             take
             up
             at
             Amsterdam
             Two
             thousand
             four
             hunder'd
             Dutch
             Pounds
             ,
             to
             insure
             
             the
             said
             Ship
             ;
             that
             afterwards
             this
             Ship
             in
             her
             Voyage
             to
             the
             Coast
             of
             India
             was
             taken
             by
             a
             Ship
             belonging
             to
             the
             
               East-India
               Company
            
             ;
             upon
             which
             they
             who
             had
             engag'd
             to
             Insure
             the
             said
             Vessel
             refus'd
             to
             Pay
             the
             Money
             ,
             and
             have
             for
             this
             Six
             years
             by
             various
             delays
             eluded
             our
             Merchants
             ,
             who
             with
             extraordinary
             Diligence
             and
             at
             vast
             Expences
             endeavour'd
             the
             recovery
             of
             their
             just
             Right
             .
             Which
             in
             regard
             it
             is
             an
             unjust
             Grievance
             that
             lies
             so
             heavy
             upon
             the
             Petitioners
             ,
             for
             that
             some
             of
             those
             who
             oblig'd
             themselves
             are
             Dead
             or
             become
             Insolvent
             ,
             therefore
             that
             no
             farther
             Losses
             may
             accrue
             to
             their
             former
             Damages
             ,
             we
             make
             it
             our
             earnest
             request
             to
             your
             Lordships
             ,
             that
             you
             will
             vouchsafe
             your
             Integrity
             to
             be
             the
             harbour
             and
             refuge
             for
             People
             toss'd
             so
             many
             years
             ,
             and
             almost
             shipwrack'd
             in
             your
             Courts
             of
             Justice
             ,
             and
             that
             speedy
             judgment
             may
             be
             given
             according
             
             to
             the
             rules
             of
             Equity
             and
             Honesty
             in
             their
             Cause
             which
             they
             believe
             to
             be
             most
             just
             .
             In
             the
             mean
             time
             we
             wish
             you
             all
             Prosperity
             to
             the
             Glory
             of
             God
             and
             the
             Welfare
             of
             his
             Church
             .
          
           
             
               Westminste
               ,
               
                 May
                 —
                 1656.
                 
              
            
             
               Your
               High
               and
               Mighty
               Lordships
               most
               Affectionate
               ,
               Oliver
               Protector
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               of
               England
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
        
         
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             &c.
             To
             the
             High
             and
             Mighty
             Lords
             ,
             the
             States
             of
             the
             United
             Provinces
             ,
          
           
             
               Most
               High
               and
               Mighty
               Lords
               ,
               our
               dearest
               Friends
               ,
            
          
           
             THE
             same
             Persons
             in
             whose
             behalf
             we
             wrote
             to
             your
             Lordships
             in
             September
             the
             last
             year
             ,
             Thomas
             and
             
               William
               Lower
            
             ,
             the
             lawful
             Heirs
             of
             
               Nicholas
               Lower
            
             ,
             deceas'd
             ,
             make
             grievous
             complaints
             before
             us
             ,
             that
             they
             are
             oppress'd
             either
             by
             the
             Favour
             or
             Wealth
             of
             their
             Adversaries
             ,
             notwithstanding
             the
             Justice
             of
             their
             Cause
             ;
             and
             when
             that
             would
             
             not
             suffice
             ,
             although
             our
             Letters
             often
             pleaded
             in
             their
             behalf
             ,
             they
             have
             not
             bin
             able
             hitherto
             to
             obtain
             Possession
             of
             the
             Inheritance
             left
             'em
             by
             their
             Father's
             Will.
             From
             the
             Court
             of
             Holland
             ,
             where
             the
             Suit
             was
             first
             Commenc'd
             ,
             they
             were
             sent
             to
             your
             Court
             ,
             and
             from
             thence
             hurri'd
             away
             into
             Zealand
             (
             to
             which
             three
             Places
             they
             carry'd
             our
             Letters
             )
             and
             now
             they
             are
             remanded
             ,
             not
             unwillingly
             ,
             back
             again
             to
             your
             Supream
             Judicature
             ;
             for
             where
             the
             Supream
             Power
             is
             ,
             there
             they
             expect
             Supream
             Justice
             .
             If
             that
             hope
             fail
             'em
             ,
             eluded
             and
             frustrated
             ,
             after
             being
             so
             long
             toss'd
             from
             post
             to
             pillar
             for
             the
             recovery
             of
             their
             Right
             ,
             where
             at
             length
             to
             find
             a
             resting
             place
             they
             know
             not
             .
             For
             as
             for
             our
             Letters
             ,
             if
             they
             find
             no
             benefit
             of
             these
             the
             Fourth
             time
             Written
             ,
             they
             can
             never
             promise
             themselves
             any
             advantage
             for
             the
             future
             from
             slighted
             Papers
             .
             However
             ,
             it
             would
             be
             most
             acceptable
             to
             us
             ,
             if
             
             yet
             at
             length
             ,
             after
             so
             many
             contempts
             ,
             the
             injur'd
             Heirs
             might
             meet
             with
             some
             Relief
             by
             a
             speedy
             and
             just
             Judgment
             ,
             if
             not
             out
             of
             respect
             to
             any
             Reputation
             we
             have
             among
             ye
             ,
             yet
             out
             of
             a
             regard
             to
             your
             own
             Equity
             and
             Justice
             .
             Of
             the
             last
             of
             which
             we
             make
             no
             question
             ,
             and
             confidently
             presume
             you
             will
             allow
             the
             other
             to
             our
             Friendship
             .
          
           
             
               Westminster
               ,
               
                 May
                 —
                 6656.
                 
              
            
             
               Your
               High
               and
               Mighty
               Lordships
               most
               Affectionate
               ,
               Oliver
               Protector
               of
               the
               Common-wealth
               of
               England
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
        
         
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             &c.
             To
             the
             most
             Serene
             Prince
             ,
             John
             King
             of
             Portugal
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               King
               ,
            
          
           
             WHereas
             there
             is
             a
             considerable
             Sum
             of
             Money
             owing
             from
             certain
             Portugal
             Merchants
             of
             the
             Brasile
             Company
             to
             several
             English
             Merchants
             ,
             upon
             the
             account
             of
             
             Freightage
             and
             Demorage
             ,
             in
             the
             years
             1649
             and
             1650.
             which
             Money
             is
             detain'd
             by
             the
             said
             Company
             by
             your
             Majesties
             Command
             ,
             the
             Merchants
             before-mention'd
             expected
             that
             the
             said
             Money
             should
             have
             bin
             paid
             long
             since
             according
             to
             the
             Articles
             of
             the
             last
             League
             ,
             but
             now
             they
             are
             afraid
             of
             being
             debarr'd
             all
             hopes
             and
             means
             of
             recovering
             their
             Debts
             ;
             understanding
             your
             Majesty
             has
             order'd
             ,
             That
             what
             Money
             is
             owing
             to
             'em
             by
             the
             Brasile
             Company
             ,
             shall
             be
             carri'd
             into
             your
             Treasury
             ,
             and
             that
             no
             more
             then
             one
             half
             of
             the
             Duty
             of
             Freightage
             shall
             be
             expended
             toward
             the
             Payment
             of
             their
             Debts
             ;
             by
             which
             means
             the
             Merchants
             will
             receive
             no
             more
             then
             the
             bare
             Interest
             of
             their
             Money
             ,
             while
             at
             the
             same
             time
             they
             utterly
             lose
             their
             Principal
             .
             Which
             we
             considering
             to
             be
             very
             severe
             and
             heavy
             upon
             'em
             ,
             and
             being
             overcome
             by
             their
             most
             reasonable
             Supplications
             ,
             have
             granted
             'em
             these
             
             our
             Letters
             to
             your
             Majesty
             ;
             chiefly
             requesting
             this
             at
             your
             hands
             ,
             to
             take
             care
             that
             the
             aforesaid
             Brasile
             Company
             may
             give
             speedy
             Satisfaction
             to
             the
             Merchants
             of
             this
             Republick
             ,
             and
             pay
             'em
             not
             onely
             the
             Principal
             Money
             which
             is
             owing
             to
             'em
             ,
             but
             the
             Five
             years
             Interest
             ;
             as
             being
             both
             just
             in
             it self
             ,
             and
             conformable
             to
             the
             League
             so
             lately
             concluded
             between
             us
             ;
             which
             on
             their
             behalf
             in
             most
             friendly
             manner
             we
             request
             from
             your
             Majesty
             .
          
           
             
               Your
               Majesties
               most
               Affectionate
               ,
               Oliver
               Protector
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               From
               our
               Palace
               at
               Westminster
               ,
               
                 July
                 —
                 1656.
                 
              
            
          
        
         
           
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             &c.
             To
             the
             Most
             Serene
             Prince
             Charles
             Gustavus
             ,
             King
             of
             the
             Swedes
             ,
             Goths
             ,
             and
             Vandals
             ,
             &c
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               King
               ,
            
          
           
             AS
             it
             is
             but
             just
             that
             we
             should
             highly
             value
             the
             Friendship
             of
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             a
             Prince
             so
             Potent
             ,
             and
             so
             Renown'd
             for
             great
             Atchievements
             ;
             so
             is
             it
             but
             equally
             reasonable
             that
             your
             Extraordinary
             Embassador
             ,
             the
             most
             Illustrious
             Lord
             
               Christiern
               Bond
            
             ,
             by
             whose
             sedulity
             and
             care
             a
             strict
             Alliance
             is
             most
             sacredly
             and
             solemnly
             ratifi'd
             between
             us
             ,
             should
             be
             most
             acceptable
             to
             us
             ,
             and
             no
             less
             deeply
             fix'd
             in
             our
             esteem
             .
             Him
             therefore
             ,
             having
             now
             most
             worthily
             accomplish'd
             his
             Embassy
             ,
             we
             thought
             it
             became
             us
             to
             send
             back
             to
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             though
             not
             without
             the
             high
             Applause
             which
             the
             rest
             of
             his
             singular
             Vertues
             merit
             ;
             to
             the
             end
             ,
             that
             he
             who
             was
             before
             conspicuous
             in
             your
             esteem
             and
             respect
             ,
             
             may
             now
             be
             sensible
             of
             his
             having
             reap'd
             still
             more
             abundant
             fruits
             of
             his
             Sedulity
             and
             Prudence
             from
             our
             Recommendation
             .
             As
             for
             those
             things
             which
             yet
             remain
             to
             be
             transacted
             ,
             we
             have
             determin'd
             in
             a
             short
             time
             to
             send
             an
             Embassy
             to
             your
             Majesty
             for
             the
             setling
             of
             those
             Affairs
             .
             In
             the
             mean
             time
             Almighty
             God
             preserve
             in
             safety
             so
             great
             a
             Pillar
             of
             his
             Church
             ,
             and
             of
             
             Swedeland's
             welfare
             .
          
           
             
               
                 From
                 our
                 Palace
                 at
                 Westminster
                 ,
                 July
              
               —
               1656.
               
            
             
               Your
               Majesties
               most
               Affectionate
               ,
               Oliver
               Protector
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               of
               England
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
        
         
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             &c.
             to
             the
             most
             Serene
             Prince
             ,
             Lewis
             King
             of
             France
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               King
               ,
               our
               most
               dear
               Friend
               and
               Confederate
               .
            
          
           
             CErtain
             Merchants
             of
             
               London
               ,
               Richard
               Baker
            
             and
             others
             ,
             have
             made
             their
             complaint
             in
             a
             Petition
             to
             us
             ,
             That
             a
             certain
             hir'd
             Ship
             of
             theirs
             ,
             call'd
             the
             
               Endeavour
               ,
               William
               
               Jop
            
             Master
             ,
             Laden
             at
             Tenariff
             with
             Three
             hundre'd
             Pipes
             of
             rich
             Canary
             ,
             and
             bound
             from
             thence
             for
             London
             ,
             in
             her
             Voyage
             between
             Palma
             and
             that
             Island
             ,
             upon
             the
             21st
             .
             of
             November
             in
             the
             year
             1655.
             was
             taken
             by
             Four
             -
             French
             Vessels
             ,
             seeming
             Ships
             of
             Burthen
             ,
             but
             fitted
             and
             mann'd
             like
             Privateers
             ,
             under
             the
             Command
             of
             
               Giles
               de
               la
               Roche
            
             their
             Admiral
             ,
             and
             carri'd
             with
             all
             her
             Freight
             ,
             and
             the
             greatest
             part
             of
             the
             Seamen
             to
             the
             East-Indies
             ,
             whither
             he
             pretended
             to
             be
             bound
             (
             Fourteen
             excepted
             ,
             who
             were
             put
             ashore
             upon
             the
             Coast
             of
             Guiney
             )
             which
             the
             said
             Giles
             affirm'd
             he
             did
             with
             that
             Intent
             ,
             that
             none
             of
             'em
             might
             escape
             from
             so
             Remote
             and
             Barbarous
             a
             Countrey
             to
             do
             him
             any
             harm
             by
             their
             Testimony
             .
             For
             he
             confess'd
             he
             had
             neither
             any
             Commission
             to
             take
             the
             English
             Vessels
             ,
             neither
             had
             he
             taken
             any
             ,
             as
             he
             might
             have
             done
             before
             ,
             well
             knowing
             there
             was
             a
             firm
             Peace
             at
             that
             time
             between
             the
             
             French
             and
             our
             Republick
             :
             But
             in
             regard
             he
             had
             design'd
             to
             revittle
             in
             Portugal
             ,
             from
             whence
             he
             was
             driven
             by
             contrary
             Winds
             ,
             he
             was
             constrain'd
             to
             supply
             his
             necessities
             with
             what
             he
             found
             in
             that
             Vessel
             ;
             and
             believ'd
             the
             Owners
             of
             his
             Ships
             would
             satisfie
             the
             Merchants
             for
             their
             Loss
             .
             Now
             the
             Loss
             of
             our
             Merchants
             amounts
             to
             Sixteen
             Thousand
             English
             Pounds
             ,
             as
             will
             easily
             be
             made
             appear
             by
             Witnesses
             upon
             Oath
             .
             But
             if
             it
             shall
             be
             Lawful
             upon
             such
             trivial
             Excuses
             as
             these
             ,
             for
             Pyrates
             to
             violate
             the
             most
             Religious
             Acts
             of
             Princes
             ,
             and
             make
             a
             sport
             of
             Merchants
             for
             their
             particular
             benefits
             ,
             certainly
             the
             sanctity
             of
             Leagnes
             must
             fall
             to
             the
             ground
             ,
             all
             Faith
             and
             Authority
             of
             Princes
             will
             grow
             out
             of
             date
             and
             be
             trampl'd
             under
             foot
             .
             Wherefore
             we
             not
             onely
             request
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             but
             believe
             it
             mainly
             to
             concern
             your
             Honour
             ,
             that
             they
             who
             have
             adventur'd
             upon
             so
             slight
             a
             pretence
             to
             violate
             the
             
             League
             and
             most
             Sacred
             Oath
             of
             their
             Sovereign
             ,
             should
             suffer
             the
             Punishment
             due
             to
             so
             much
             Perfidiousness
             and
             daring
             Insolence
             ;
             and
             that
             in
             the
             mean
             time
             the
             Owners
             of
             those
             Ships
             ,
             though
             to
             their
             Loss
             ,
             should
             be
             bound
             to
             satisfie
             our
             Merchants
             for
             the
             vast
             Detriment
             which
             they
             have
             so
             wrongfully
             sustain'd
             .
             So
             may
             the
             Almighty
             long
             preserve
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             and
             support
             the
             Interest
             of
             France
             against
             the
             Common
             Enemy
             of
             us
             Both.
             
               From
               our
               Palace
               at
            
             Westminster
             ,
             August
             —
             1656.
             
          
           
             
               Your
               Majesty's
               most
               Affectionate
               ,
               Oliver
               Protector
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
        
         
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             To
             his
             Eminency
             Cardinal
             Mazarine
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Eminent
               Lord
               ,
            
          
           
             HAving
             an
             occasion
             to
             send
             Letters
             to
             the
             King
             ,
             we
             thought
             it
             likewise
             an
             offer'd
             opportunity
             to
             
             Write
             to
             your
             Eminency
             .
             For
             we
             could
             not
             think
             it
             proper
             to
             conceal
             the
             subject
             of
             our
             Writing
             from
             the
             sole
             and
             onely
             person
             ,
             whose
             singular
             Prudence
             Governs
             the
             most
             important
             Interests
             of
             the
             French
             Nation
             ,
             and
             the
             most
             weighty
             Affairs
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             with
             equal
             Fidelity
             ,
             Council
             and
             Vigilance
             .
             Not
             without
             reason
             we
             complain
             ,
             in
             short
             ,
             to
             find
             that
             League
             by
             your self
             ,
             as
             it
             were
             a
             crime
             to
             doubt
             ,
             most
             sacredly
             concluded
             ,
             almost
             the
             very
             same
             day
             contemn'd
             and
             violated
             by
             one
             Giles
             a
             French-man
             ,
             a
             petty
             Admiral
             of
             Four
             Ships
             ,
             and
             his
             Associates
             equally
             concern'd
             ,
             as
             your
             Eminency
             will
             readily
             find
             by
             our
             Letters
             to
             the
             King
             ,
             and
             the
             Demands
             themselves
             of
             our
             Merchants
             :
             Nor
             is
             it
             unknown
             to
             your
             Excellency
             howmuch
             it
             concerns
             not
             only
             Inferiour
             Magistrates
             ,
             but
             even
             Royal
             Majesty
             it self
             ,
             that
             those
             first
             Violators
             of
             solemn
             Alliances
             should
             be
             severely
             punish'd
             .
             But
             they
             ,
             perhaps
             ,
             by
             this
             
             time
             being
             arriv'd
             in
             the
             East-Indies
             ,
             whither
             they
             pretended
             to
             be
             bound
             ,
             enjoy
             in
             undisturb'd
             possession
             the
             Goods
             of
             our
             People
             as
             Lawful
             Prize
             won
             from
             an
             Enemy
             ,
             which
             they
             Robb'd
             and
             Pilledg'd
             from
             the
             Owners
             contrary
             to
             all
             Law
             and
             the
             pledg'd
             Faith
             of
             our
             late
             sacrd
             League
             .
             However
             ,
             this
             is
             that
             which
             we
             request
             from
             your
             Eminency
             ,
             That
             whatever
             Goods
             were
             taken
             from
             our
             Merchants
             by
             the
             Admiral
             of
             those
             Ships
             ,
             as
             necessary
             for
             his
             Voyage
             ,
             may
             be
             restor'd
             by
             the
             Owners
             of
             the
             same
             Vessels
             ,
             which
             was
             no
             more
             then
             what
             the
             Rovers
             themselves
             thought
             Just
             and
             Equal
             ;
             which
             ,
             as
             we
             understand
             ,
             it
             lies
             within
             your
             Power
             to
             do
             ,
             considering
             the
             Authority
             and
             Sway
             you
             bear
             in
             the
             Kingdom
             .
             
               From
               our
               Palace
               at
               Westminster
            
             ,
             August
             —
             1656.
             
          
           
             
               Your
               Eminencies
               most
               Affectionate
               ,
               Oliver
               Protector
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
        
         
           
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             &c.
             To
             the
             most
             High
             and
             Mighty
             Lords
             ,
             the
             States
             of
             the
             United
             Provinces
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               High
               and
               Mighty
               Lords
               ,
               our
               dear
               Friends
               and
               Confederates
               .
            
          
           
             WE
             make
             no
             doubt
             ,
             but
             that
             all
             men
             will
             bear
             us
             this
             Testimony
             ,
             That
             no
             considerations
             ,
             in
             contracting
             Foreign
             Alliances
             ,
             ever
             sway'd
             us
             beyond
             those
             of
             defending
             the
             Truth
             of
             Religion
             ,
             or
             that
             we
             accounted
             any
             thing
             more
             sacred
             ,
             then
             to
             Unite
             the
             Minds
             of
             all
             the
             Friends
             and
             Protectors
             of
             the
             Protestants
             ,
             and
             of
             all
             others
             ,
             who
             at
             least
             were
             not
             their
             Enemies
             .
             Whence
             it
             comes
             to
             pass
             ,
             that
             we
             are
             touch'd
             with
             so
             much
             the
             more
             grief
             of
             Mind
             ,
             to
             hear
             that
             the
             Protestant
             Princes
             and
             Cities
             ,
             whom
             it
             so
             much
             behoves
             to
             live
             in
             Friendship
             and
             Concord
             together
             ,
             should
             begin
             to
             be
             so
             jealous
             of
             each
             other
             ,
             and
             so
             ill
             dispos'd
             to
             mutual
             Affection
             ;
             
             more
             especially
             ,
             that
             your
             Lordships
             and
             the
             King
             of
             Sweden
             ,
             then
             whom
             the
             Orthodox
             Faith
             has
             not
             more
             Magnanimous
             and
             Couragious
             Defenders
             ,
             nor
             our
             Republick
             Confederates
             more
             strictly
             conjoyn'd
             in
             Interests
             ,
             should
             seem
             to
             remit
             of
             your
             confidence
             in
             each
             other
             ;
             or
             rather
             ,
             that
             there
             should
             appear
             some
             too
             apparent
             signs
             of
             tottering
             Friendship
             and
             growing
             discord
             between
             ye
             .
             What
             the
             causes
             are
             ,
             and
             what
             progress
             this
             alienation
             of
             your
             Affection
             has
             made
             ,
             we
             protest
             our selves
             to
             be
             altogether
             ignorant
             .
             However
             ,
             we
             cannot
             but
             conceive
             an
             extraordinary
             trouble
             of
             mind
             for
             these
             beginnings
             of
             the
             least
             dissention
             arisen
             among
             Brethren
             ,
             which
             infallibly
             must
             greatly
             endanger
             the
             Protestant
             Interests
             .
             Which
             if
             they
             should
             gather
             strength
             ,
             how
             prejudicial
             it
             would
             prove
             to
             the
             Protestant
             Churches
             ,
             what
             an
             occasion
             of
             triumph
             it
             would
             afford
             our
             Enemies
             ,
             and
             more
             especially
             the
             Spaniards
             ,
             
             cannot
             be
             unknown
             to
             your
             Prudence
             ,
             and
             most
             industrious
             experience
             of
             Affairs
             .
             As
             for
             the
             Spaniards
             ,
             it
             has
             already
             so
             enliven'd
             their
             confidence
             ,
             and
             rais'd
             their
             Courage
             ,
             that
             they
             made
             no
             scruple
             by
             their
             Embassador
             residing
             in
             your
             Territories
             ,
             boldly
             to
             obtrude
             their
             Counsels
             upon
             your
             Lordships
             ,
             and
             that
             in
             reference
             to
             the
             highest
             concerns
             of
             your
             Republick
             ;
             presuming
             partly
             with
             Threats
             of
             renewing
             the
             War
             ,
             to
             terrifie
             ,
             and
             partly
             with
             a
             false
             prospect
             of
             Advantage
             to
             sollicit
             your
             Lordships
             to
             forsake
             your
             Ancient
             and
             most
             Faithful
             Friends
             the
             
               English
               ,
               French
            
             and
             Danes
             ,
             and
             enter
             into
             a
             strict
             Confederacy
             with
             your
             old
             Enemy
             ,
             and
             once
             your
             domineering
             Tyrant
             ,
             now
             seemingly
             atton'd
             ,
             but
             what
             is
             most
             to
             be
             fear'd
             ,
             only
             at
             present
             treacherously
             fawning
             to
             advance
             his
             own
             Designs
             .
             Certainly
             he
             ,
             who
             of
             an
             inveterate
             Enemy
             ,
             lays
             hold
             of
             so
             slight
             an
             occasion
             of
             a
             sudden
             to
             become
             your
             Counsellor
             ,
             
             what
             is
             it
             that
             he
             would
             not
             take
             upon
             him
             ?
             where
             would
             his
             Insolency
             stop
             ,
             if
             once
             he
             could
             but
             see
             with
             his
             eyes
             ,
             what
             now
             he
             onely
             ruminates
             and
             labours
             in
             his
             thoughts
             ;
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             Division
             and
             a
             Civil
             War
             among
             the
             Protestants
             ?
             We
             are
             not
             ignorant
             ,
             that
             your
             Lordships
             ,
             out
             of
             your
             deep
             Wisdom
             ,
             frequently
             revolve
             in
             your
             Minds
             what
             the
             posture
             of
             all
             Europe
             is
             ,
             and
             what
             more
             especially
             the
             condition
             of
             the
             Protestants
             :
             That
             the
             Cantons
             of
             Switzerland
             adhering
             to
             the
             Orthodox
             Faith
             ,
             are
             in
             daily
             expectation
             of
             new
             Troubles
             to
             be
             rais'd
             by
             their
             Countrey-men
             embracing
             the
             Popish
             Ceremonies
             ;
             scarcely
             recover'd
             from
             that
             War
             which
             for
             the
             sake
             of
             Religion
             was
             kindled
             and
             blown
             up
             by
             the
             Spaniards
             ,
             who
             suppli'd
             their
             Enemies
             both
             with
             Commanders
             and
             Money
             :
             That
             the
             Councils
             of
             the
             Spaniards
             are
             still
             contriving
             to
             continue
             the
             slaughter
             and
             destruction
             of
             the
             Piemontois
             ,
             
             which
             was
             cruelly
             put
             in
             execution
             the
             last
             year
             :
             That
             the
             Protestants
             under
             the
             Jurisdiction
             of
             the
             Emperor
             are
             most
             grievously
             harass'd
             ,
             having
             much
             ado
             to
             keep
             Possession
             of
             their
             Native
             Homes
             :
             That
             the
             King
             of
             Sweden
             ,
             whom
             God
             ,
             as
             we
             hope
             ,
             has
             rais'd
             up
             to
             be
             a
             most
             stout
             Defender
             of
             the
             Orthodox
             Faith
             ,
             is
             at
             present
             waging
             with
             all
             the
             Force
             of
             his
             Kingdom
             a
             doubtful
             and
             bloody
             War
             with
             the
             most
             Potent
             Enemies
             of
             the
             Reformed
             Religion
             :
             That
             your
             own
             Provinces
             are
             threatened
             with
             Hostile
             Confederacies
             of
             the
             Princes
             your
             Neighbours
             ,
             Headed
             by
             the
             Spaniards
             ;
             and
             lastly
             ,
             that
             we
             our selves
             are
             busied
             in
             a
             War
             proclaim'd
             against
             the
             King
             of
             Spain
             .
             In
             this
             posture
             of
             Affairs
             ,
             if
             any
             Contest
             should
             happen
             between
             your
             Lordships
             and
             the
             King
             of
             Sweden
             ,
             How
             miserable
             would
             be
             the
             condition
             of
             all
             the
             Reformed
             Churches
             over
             all
             Europe
             ,
             expos'd
             to
             the
             Cruelty
             and
             Fury
             of
             
             unsanctifi'd
             Enemies
             ?
             These
             cares
             not
             slightly
             seize
             us
             ;
             and
             we
             hope
             your
             Sentiments
             to
             be
             the
             same
             ;
             and
             that
             out
             of
             your
             continu'd
             Zeal
             for
             the
             common
             Cause
             of
             the
             Protestants
             ,
             and
             to
             the
             end
             the
             present
             Peace
             between
             Brethren
             professing
             the
             same
             Faith
             ,
             the
             same
             Hope
             of
             Eternity
             ,
             may
             be
             preserv'd
             inviolable
             ,
             your
             Lordships
             will
             accommodate
             your
             Counsels
             to
             these
             Considerations
             ,
             which
             are
             to
             be
             preferr'd
             before
             all
             others
             ;
             and
             that
             you
             will
             leave
             nothing
             neglected
             that
             may
             conduce
             to
             the
             establishing
             Tranquility
             and
             Union
             between
             your
             Lordships
             and
             the
             King
             of
             Sweden
             .
             Wherein
             if
             we
             can
             any
             way
             be
             useful
             ,
             as
             far
             as
             our
             Authority
             ,
             and
             the
             Favour
             you
             bear
             us
             will
             sway
             with
             your
             Lordships
             ,
             we
             freely
             offer
             our
             utmost
             Assistance
             ,
             prepared
             in
             like
             manner
             to
             be
             no
             less
             serviceable
             to
             the
             King
             of
             Sweden
             ,
             to
             whom
             we
             design
             a
             speedy
             Embassie
             ,
             to
             the
             end
             we
             may
             declare
             our
             Sentiments
             at
             large
             concerning
             these
             matterso
             
             We
             hope
             ,
             moreover
             ,
             that
             God
             will
             bend
             your
             Minds
             on
             both
             sides
             to
             moderate
             Counsels
             and
             so
             restrain
             your
             Animosities
             ,
             that
             no
             provocation
             may
             be
             given
             either
             by
             the
             one
             or
             the
             other
             ,
             to
             fester
             your
             differences
             to
             extremity
             :
             But
             that
             on
             the
             other
             side
             both
             parties
             will
             remove
             whatever
             may
             give
             offence
             ,
             or
             occasion
             of
             jealousie
             to
             the
             other
             .
             Which
             if
             you
             shall
             vouchsafe
             to
             do
             ,
             you
             will
             disappoint
             your
             Enemies
             ,
             prove
             the
             consolation
             of
             your
             Friends
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             best
             manner
             provide
             for
             the
             welfare
             of
             your
             Republick
             .
             And
             this
             we
             beseech
             you
             to
             be
             fully
             convinc'd
             of
             ,
             that
             we
             shall
             use
             our
             utmost
             care
             to
             make
             appear
             ,
             upon
             all
             occasions
             ,
             our
             extraordinary
             Affection
             and
             Good-will
             to
             the
             States
             of
             the
             
               Vnited
               Provinces
            
             .
             And
             so
             we
             most
             earnestly
             implore
             the
             Almighty
             God
             to
             perpetuate
             his
             Blessings
             of
             Peace
             ,
             Wealth
             and
             Liberty
             upon
             your
             Republick
             ,
             but
             above
             all
             things
             to
             preserve
             it
             always
             flourishing
             in
             the
             
             Love
             of
             the
             Christian
             Faith
             ,
             and
             the
             true
             Worship
             of
             his
             Name
             .
             
               From
               our
               Palace
               at
            
             Westminster
             ,
             
               Aug.
               —
               1656.
               
            
          
           
             
               Your
               High
               and
               Mightinesses
               most
               Affectionate
               ,
               Oliver
               Protector
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               of
               England
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
        
         
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             to
             the
             most
             Serene
             Prince
             ,
             John
             King
             of
             Portugal
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               Prince
               ,
            
          
           
             UPON
             the
             11th
             .
             of
             July
             last
             ,
             Old-stile
             ,
             we
             receiv'd
             by
             
               Thomas
               Maynard
            
             the
             Ratification
             of
             the
             Peace
             Negotiated
             at
             London
             ,
             by
             your
             Extraordinary
             Embassador
             ,
             as
             also
             of
             the
             private
             and
             preliminary
             Articles
             ,
             all
             now
             confirm'd
             by
             your
             Majesty
             :
             And
             by
             our
             Letters
             from
             
               Philip
               Medows
            
             ,
             our
             Agent
             at
             Lisbon
             ,
             dated
             the
             same
             time
             ,
             we
             understand
             that
             our
             Ratification
             also
             of
             the
             same
             Peace
             and
             Articles
             ,
             was
             by
             him
             ,
             according
             to
             our
             Orders
             sent
             him
             ,
             deliver'd
             to
             your
             Majesty
             :
             And
             thus
             ,
             
             the
             Instruments
             of
             the
             foremention'd
             Ratification
             being
             mutually
             interchang'd
             on
             both
             sides
             in
             the
             begining
             of
             June
             last
             ,
             there
             is
             now
             a
             firm
             and
             settl'd
             Peace
             between
             both
             Nations
             .
             And
             this
             pacification
             has
             given
             us
             no
             small
             occasion
             of
             joy
             and
             satisfaction
             ,
             as
             believing
             it
             will
             prove
             to
             the
             common
             benefit
             of
             both
             Nations
             ,
             and
             to
             the
             no
             slight
             detriment
             of
             our
             common
             Enemies
             ,
             who
             as
             they
             found
             out
             a
             means
             to
             disturb
             the
             former
             League
             ,
             so
             they
             left
             nothing
             neglected
             to
             have
             hinder'd
             the
             renewing
             of
             this
             .
             Nor
             do
             we
             question
             in
             the
             least
             ,
             that
             they
             will
             omit
             any
             occasion
             of
             creating
             new
             matter
             for
             scandals
             and
             jealousies
             between
             us
             .
             Which
             we
             however
             have
             constantly
             determin'd
             ,
             as
             much
             as
             in
             us
             lies
             ,
             to
             remove
             at
             a
             remote
             distance
             from
             our
             thoughts
             ;
             rather
             we
             so
             earnestly
             desire
             ,
             that
             this
             our
             Alliance
             may
             beget
             a
             mutual
             confidence
             greater
             every
             day
             then
             other
             ,
             that
             we
             shall
             take
             them
             for
             our
             Enemies
             ,
             
             who
             shall
             by
             any
             artifices
             endeavour
             to
             molest
             the
             Friendship
             by
             this
             Peace
             establish'd
             between
             our selves
             and
             both
             our
             People
             .
             And
             we
             readily
             perswade
             our selves
             ,
             that
             your
             Majesty's
             thoughts
             and
             intentions
             are
             the
             same
             .
             And
             whereas
             it
             has
             pleas'd
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             by
             your
             Letters
             dated
             the
             24th
             .
             of
             June
             ,
             and
             some
             days
             after
             the
             delivery
             by
             our
             Agent
             of
             the
             interchang'd
             Instrument
             of
             confirm'd
             Peace
             ,
             to
             mention
             certain
             clauses
             of
             the
             League
             ,
             of
             which
             you
             desir'd
             some
             little
             Alteration
             ,
             being
             of
             small
             moment
             to
             this
             Republick
             ,
             as
             your
             Majesty
             believes
             ,
             but
             of
             great
             importance
             to
             the
             Kingdom
             of
             Portugal
             ,
             we
             shall
             be
             ready
             to
             enter
             into
             a
             particular
             Treaty
             in
             order
             to
             those
             Proposals
             made
             by
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             or
             whatever
             else
             may
             conduce
             ,
             in
             the
             judgment
             of
             both
             Parties
             ,
             to
             the
             farther
             establishment
             and
             more
             strongly
             fastning
             of
             the
             League
             :
             wherein
             we
             shall
             have
             those
             due
             considerations
             of
             your
             Majesty
             and
             your
             
             Subjects
             ,
             as
             also
             of
             our
             own
             People
             ,
             that
             all
             may
             be
             satisfi'd
             ;
             and
             it
             shall
             be
             in
             your
             choice
             ,
             whether
             these
             things
             shall
             be
             Negotiated
             at
             Lisbon
             or
             at
             London
             .
             However
             ,
             the
             League
             being
             now
             Confirm'd
             ,
             and
             duly
             Seal'd
             with
             the
             Seals
             of
             both
             Nations
             ,
             to
             alter
             any
             part
             of
             it
             ,
             would
             be
             the
             same
             thing
             as
             to
             annul
             the
             whole
             ;
             which
             we
             are
             certainly
             assur'd
             your
             Majesty
             by
             no
             means
             desires
             to
             do
             .
             We
             heartily
             wish
             all
             things
             Lucky
             ,
             all
             things
             Prosperous
             to
             your
             Majesty
             .
             
               From
               our
               Palace
               at
            
             Westminster
             ,
             
               August
               —
               1656.
               
            
          
           
             
               Your
               Majesties
               most
               Affectionate
               ,
               Oliver
               Protector
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               of
               England
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
        
         
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             &c.
             To
             the
             most
             Serene
             Prince
             ,
             John
             King
             of
             Portugal
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               King
               ,
            
          
           
             WE
             have
             receiv'd
             the
             unwelcome
             News
             of
             a
             wicked
             and
             inhuman
             Attempt
             to
             have
             
             Murther'd
             our
             Agent
             
               Philip
               Medows
            
             ,
             residing
             with
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             and
             by
             us
             sent
             upon
             the
             blessed
             Errand
             of
             Peace
             ;
             the
             hainousness
             of
             which
             was
             such
             ,
             that
             his
             Preservation
             is
             onely
             to
             be
             attributed
             to
             the
             Protection
             of
             Heaven
             .
             And
             we
             are
             given
             to
             understand
             by
             your
             Letters
             dated
             the
             26th
             .
             of
             May
             last
             ,
             and
             deliver'd
             to
             us
             by
             
               Thomas
               Maynard
            
             ,
             that
             your
             Majesty
             justly
             incens'd
             at
             the
             horridness
             of
             the
             Fact
             ,
             has
             Commanded
             inquiry
             to
             be
             made
             after
             the
             Criminals
             ,
             to
             the
             end
             they
             may
             be
             brought
             to
             condign
             Punishment
             :
             But
             we
             do
             not
             hear
             that
             any
             of
             the
             Ruffians
             are
             yet
             apprehended
             ,
             or
             that
             your
             Commands
             have
             wrought
             any
             effect
             in
             this
             particular
             .
             Wherefore
             we
             thought
             it
             our
             duty
             openly
             to
             declare
             how
             deeply
             we
             resent
             this
             barbarous
             outrage
             in
             part
             Attempted
             ,
             and
             in
             part
             committed
             :
             And
             therefore
             we
             make
             it
             our
             Request
             to
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             That
             due
             Punishment
             may
             be
             inflicted
             upon
             the
             Authors
             ,
             Associates
             ,
             
             and
             Encouragers
             of
             this
             Abominable
             Fact.
             And
             to
             the
             end
             that
             this
             may
             be
             the
             more
             speedily
             accomplish'd
             ,
             we
             farther
             demand
             ,
             That
             persons
             of
             Honesty
             and
             Sincerity
             ,
             Well-wishers
             to
             the
             Peace
             of
             both
             Nations
             ,
             may
             be
             entrusted
             with
             the
             Examination
             of
             this
             Business
             ,
             That
             so
             a
             due
             scrutiny
             may
             be
             made
             into
             the
             bottom
             of
             this
             malicious
             contrivance
             ,
             to
             the
             end
             both
             Authors
             and
             Assistants
             may
             be
             the
             more
             severely
             Punish'd
             .
             Unless
             this
             be
             done
             ,
             neither
             your
             Majesty's
             Justice
             ,
             nor
             the
             Honour
             of
             this
             Republick
             can
             be
             vindicated
             ;
             neither
             can
             there
             be
             any
             stable
             assurance
             of
             the
             Peace
             between
             both
             Nations
             .
             We
             wish
             your
             Majesty
             all
             things
             Fortunate
             and
             Prosperous
             .
             
               From
               our
               Palace
               at
            
             White-Hall
             ,
             August
             —
             1656.
             
          
           
             
               Your
               Majesty's
               most
               Affectionate
               ,
               Oliver
               ,
               Protector
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               of
               England
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
        
         
           
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             &c.
             To
             the
             most
             Illustrious
             Lord
             ,
             the
             Conderd
             '
             Odemira
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Illustrious
               Lord
               ,
            
          
           
             YOUR
             singular
             Good-will
             toward
             us
             and
             this
             Republick
             ,
             has
             laid
             no
             mean
             obligation
             upon
             us
             ,
             nor
             slightly
             ti'd
             us
             to
             acknowledgment
             .
             We
             readily
             perceiv'd
             it
             by
             your
             Letters
             of
             the
             25th
             .
             of
             June
             last
             ,
             as
             also
             by
             those
             which
             we
             receiv'd
             from
             our
             Agent
             
               Philip
               Meadows
            
             ,
             sent
             into
             Portugal
             to
             conclude
             the
             Peace
             in
             Agitation
             ;
             wherein
             he
             inform'd
             us
             of
             your
             extraordinary
             zeal
             and
             diligence
             to
             promote
             the
             Pacification
             ,
             of
             which
             we
             most
             joyfully
             receiv'd
             the
             last
             Ratification
             ;
             and
             we
             perswade
             our selves
             ,
             that
             your
             Lordship
             will
             have
             no
             cause
             to
             repent
             either
             of
             your
             pains
             and
             diligence
             in
             procuring
             this
             Peace
             ,
             or
             of
             your
             Good-will
             to
             the
             English
             ,
             or
             your
             Fidelity
             toward
             the
             King
             ,
             your
             Sovereign
             ;
             more
             especially
             considering
             the
             great
             hopes
             we
             
             have
             ,
             that
             this
             Peace
             will
             be
             of
             high
             Advantage
             to
             both
             Nations
             ,
             and
             not
             a
             little
             Inconvenient
             to
             our
             Enemies
             .
             The
             onely
             Accident
             that
             fell
             out
             unfortunate
             and
             mournful
             in
             this
             Negotiation
             ,
             was
             that
             unhallow'd
             Villanany
             nefariously
             attempted
             upon
             the
             Person
             of
             our
             Agent
             ,
             
               Philip
               Medows
            
             .
             The
             conceal'd
             Authors
             of
             which
             intended
             piece
             of
             Inhumanity
             ,
             ought
             no
             less
             diligently
             to
             be
             sought
             after
             ,
             and
             made
             Examples
             to
             Posterity
             ,
             then
             the
             vilest
             of
             most
             openly
             detected
             Assassinates
             .
             Nor
             can
             we
             doubt
             in
             the
             least
             of
             your
             King's
             Severity
             and
             Justice
             in
             the
             Punishment
             of
             a
             Crime
             so
             horrid
             ,
             nor
             of
             your
             Care
             and
             Sedulity
             to
             see
             that
             there
             be
             no
             remissness
             of
             Prosecution
             ;
             as
             being
             a
             person
             bearing
             due
             veneration
             to
             the
             Laws
             of
             God
             ,
             and
             Sanctity
             among
             men
             ,
             and
             no
             less
             zealous
             to
             maintain
             the
             Peace
             between
             both
             Nations
             ;
             which
             never
             can
             subsist
             if
             such
             inhuman
             Barbarities
             as
             these
             escape
             unpunish'd
             and
             unreveng'd
             .
             
             But
             your
             abhorrency
             and
             detestation
             of
             the
             Fact
             is
             so
             well
             known
             ,
             that
             there
             is
             no
             need
             of
             insisting
             any
             more
             at
             present
             upon
             this
             unpleasing
             subject
             .
             Therefore
             ,
             having
             thus
             declar'd
             our
             Good-will
             and
             Affection
             to
             your
             Lordship
             ,
             of
             which
             we
             shall
             be
             always
             ready
             to
             give
             apparent
             demonstrations
             ,
             there
             nothing
             remains
             ,
             but
             to
             implore
             the
             Blessings
             of
             Divine
             Favour
             and
             Protection
             upon
             you
             ,
             and
             all
             yours
             .
             
               From
               our
               Palace
               at
            
             Westm
             .
             Aug.
             —
             1656.
             
          
           
             
               Your
               Lordship
               's
               most
               Affectionate
               ,
               Oliver
               Protector
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               of
               England
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
        
         
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             &c.
             to
             the
             most
             Serene
             Prince
             Charles
             Gustavus
             ,
             King
             of
             the
             Swedes
             ,
             Goths
             and
             Vandals
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               King
               ,
               our
               dearest
               Friend
               and
               Confederate
               ,
            
          
           
             BEing
             assur'd
             of
             your
             Majesty's
             concurrence
             both
             in
             Thoughts
             and
             Councels
             ,
             for
             the
             defence
             of
             the
             Protestant
             Faith
             against
             the
             Enemies
             
             of
             it
             ,
             if
             ever
             ,
             now
             at
             this
             time
             ,
             most
             dangerously
             vexatious
             ,
             though
             we
             cannot
             but
             rejoyce
             at
             your
             prosperous
             Successes
             ,
             and
             the
             daily
             Tidings
             of
             your
             Victories
             ,
             yet
             on
             the
             other
             side
             we
             cannot
             but
             be
             as
             deeply
             afflicted
             to
             meet
             with
             one
             thing
             that
             disturbs
             and
             interrupts
             our
             joy
             ;
             we
             mean
             ,
             the
             bad
             News
             ,
             intermix'd
             with
             so
             many
             welcome
             Tydings
             ,
             that
             the
             Ancient
             Friendship
             between
             your
             Majesty
             and
             the
             
               States
               of
               the
               Vnited
               Provinces
            
             ,
             looks
             with
             a
             dubious
             Aspect
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             mischief
             is
             exasperated
             to
             that
             heighth
             ,
             especially
             in
             the
             Baltick
             Sea
             ,
             as
             seems
             to
             bode
             an
             unhappy
             rupture
             .
             We
             confess
             our selves
             ignorant
             of
             the
             Causes
             ;
             but
             we
             too
             easily
             foresee
             that
             the
             Events
             ,
             which
             God
             avert
             ,
             will
             be
             fatal
             to
             the
             Interests
             of
             the
             Protestants
             .
             And
             therefore
             ,
             as
             well
             in
             respect
             to
             that
             most
             strict
             Alliance
             between
             us
             and
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             as
             out
             of
             that
             Affection
             and
             Love
             to
             the
             Reformed
             Religion
             ,
             by
             which
             we
             all
             of
             us
             ought
             
             chiefly
             to
             be
             swai'd
             ,
             we
             thought
             it
             our
             duty
             ,
             as
             we
             have
             most
             earnestly
             exhorted
             the
             States
             of
             the
             
               Vnited
               Provinces
            
             to
             Peace
             and
             Moderation
             ,
             so
             now
             to
             perswade
             your
             Majesty
             to
             the
             same
             .
             The
             Protestants
             have
             Enemies
             every
             where
             enow
             and
             to
             spare
             ,
             inflam'd
             with
             inexorable
             revenge
             ;
             they
             never
             were
             known
             to
             have
             conspir'd
             more
             perniciously
             to
             our
             destruction
             ,
             witness
             the
             Valleys
             of
             Piemont
             ,
             still
             reaking
             with
             the
             Blood
             and
             Slaughter
             of
             the
             Miserable
             ;
             witness
             Austria
             ,
             lately
             turmoil'd
             with
             the
             Emperor's
             Edicts
             and
             Proscriptions
             ;
             witness
             Switzerland
             ;
             But
             to
             what
             purpose
             is
             it
             in
             many
             words
             to
             call
             back
             the
             bitter
             lamentations
             and
             remembrance
             of
             so
             many
             Calamities
             ?
             Who
             so
             ignorant
             ,
             as
             not
             to
             know
             that
             the
             Counsels
             of
             the
             Spaniards
             ,
             and
             the
             
               Roman
               Pontiff
            
             ,
             for
             these
             Two
             years
             have
             fill'd
             all
             these
             Places
             with
             Conflagrations
             ,
             Slaughter
             ,
             and
             Vexation
             of
             the
             Orthodox
             .
             If
             to
             these
             mischiefs
             
             there
             should
             happen
             an
             access
             of
             Dissention
             among
             Protestant
             Brethren
             ,
             more
             especially
             between
             Two
             Potent
             States
             ,
             upon
             whose
             Courage
             ,
             Wealth
             and
             Fortitude
             ,
             so
             far
             as
             human
             Strength
             may
             be
             reli'd
             upon
             ,
             the
             Support
             and
             Hopes
             of
             all
             the
             Reformed
             Churches
             depend
             ,
             of
             necessity
             the
             Protestant
             Religion
             must
             be
             in
             great
             jeopardy
             ,
             if
             not
             upon
             the
             brink
             of
             destruction
             .
             On
             the
             other
             side
             ,
             if
             the
             whole
             Protestant
             Name
             would
             but
             observe
             perpetual
             Peace
             among
             themselves
             with
             that
             same
             Brotherly
             Union
             as
             becomes
             their
             Profession
             ,
             there
             would
             be
             no
             occasion
             to
             fear
             what
             all
             the
             Artifices
             or
             Puissance
             of
             our
             Enemies
             could
             do
             to
             hurt
             us
             ,
             which
             our
             fraternal
             Concord
             and
             Harmony
             alone
             would
             easily
             repel
             and
             frustrate
             .
             And
             therefore
             we
             most
             earnestly
             request
             and
             beseech
             your
             Majesty
             to
             harbour
             in
             your
             Mind
             propitious
             thoughts
             of
             Peace
             ,
             and
             inclinations
             ready
             bent
             to
             repair
             the
             breaches
             of
             
             your
             Pristin
             Friendship
             with
             the
             
               Vnited
               Provinces
            
             ,
             if
             in
             any
             part
             it
             may
             have
             accidentally
             suffer'd
             the
             decays
             of
             mistakes
             or
             misconstruction
             .
             If
             there
             be
             any
             thing
             wherein
             our
             Labour
             ,
             our
             Fidelity
             and
             Diligence
             may
             be
             useful
             toward
             this
             Composure
             ,
             we
             offer
             and
             devote
             all
             to
             your
             service
             .
             And
             may
             the
             God
             of
             Heaven
             favour
             and
             prosper
             your
             Noble
             and
             Pious
             Resolutions
             ,
             which
             together
             with
             all
             Felicity
             ,
             and
             a
             perpetual
             course
             of
             Victory
             we
             cordially
             wish
             to
             your
             Majesty
             .
             
               From
               our
               Palace
               at
            
             Westm
             .
             Aug.
             —
             1656.
             
          
           
             
               Your
               Majesty's
               most
               Affectionate
               ,
               Oliver
               Protector
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               of
               England
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
        
         
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             &c.
             To
             the
             States
             of
             Holland
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               High
               and
               Mighty
               Lords
               ,
               our
               dearest
               Friends
               ,
            
          
           
             IT
             has
             bin
             represented
             to
             us
             ,
             by
             
               William
               Cooper
            
             a
             Minister
             of
             London
             ,
             and
             our
             Countrey-man
             ,
             That
             
             
               John
               le
               Maire
            
             of
             Amsterdam
             ,
             his
             Father-in-Law
             ,
             about
             Three
             and
             thirty
             years
             ago
             devis'd
             a
             Project
             ,
             by
             which
             the
             Revenues
             of
             your
             Republick
             might
             be
             very
             much
             advanc'd
             without
             any
             burthen
             to
             the
             People
             ,
             and
             made
             an
             agreement
             with
             
               John
               Vandenbrook
            
             to
             share
             between
             'em
             the
             reward
             which
             they
             should
             obtain
             for
             their
             Invention
             ,
             which
             was
             the
             setling
             of
             a
             
               little
               Seal
            
             to
             be
             made
             use
             of
             in
             all
             the
             Provinces
             of
             your
             Territories
             ,
             and
             for
             which
             your
             
               High
               and
               Mightinesses
            
             promis'd
             to
             pay
             the
             said
             Vandenbrook
             and
             his
             Heirs
             the
             yearly
             Sum
             of
             
               3000
               Gilders
            
             ,
             or
             
               300
               English
            
             Pounds
             .
             Now
             although
             the
             use
             and
             method
             of
             this
             
               Little
               Seal
            
             has
             bin
             found
             very
             easy
             and
             expeditious
             ,
             and
             that
             ever
             since
             great
             Incomes
             have
             thereby
             accru'd
             to
             your
             High
             and
             Mightinesses
             and
             some
             of
             your
             Provinces
             ,
             nevertheless
             nothing
             of
             the
             said
             Reward
             ,
             tho
             with
             much
             importunity
             demanded
             ,
             has
             bin
             paid
             to
             this
             day
             ;
             so
             that
             the
             said
             Vandenbrook
             
             and
             
               le
               Maire
            
             being
             tir'd
             out
             with
             long
             delays
             ,
             the
             Right
             of
             the
             said
             Grant
             is
             devolv'd
             to
             the
             foresaid
             
               William
               Cooper
            
             ,
             our
             Countrey-man
             ;
             who
             desirous
             to
             reap
             the
             fruit
             of
             his
             Father-in-Law's
             Industry
             ,
             has
             petition'd
             us
             ,
             That
             we
             would
             recommend
             his
             just
             demands
             to
             your
             High
             and
             Mightinesses
             ,
             which
             we
             thought
             not
             reasonable
             to
             deny
             him
             .
             Wherefore
             ,
             in
             most
             friendly
             wise
             ,
             we
             request
             your
             High
             and
             Mightenesses
             favourably
             to
             hear
             the
             Petition
             of
             the
             said
             
               William
               Cooper
            
             ,
             and
             to
             take
             such
             care
             ,
             that
             the
             Reward
             and
             Stipend
             ,
             so
             well
             deserv'd
             ,
             and
             by
             contract
             Agreed
             and
             Granted
             ,
             may
             be
             paid
             him
             annually
             from
             this
             time
             forward
             ,
             together
             with
             the
             Arrears
             of
             the
             years
             already
             pass'd
             .
             Which
             not
             doubting
             but
             your
             High
             and
             Mightinesses
             will
             vouchsafe
             to
             perform
             ,
             as
             what
             is
             no
             more
             then
             just
             and
             becoming
             your
             Magnificence
             ,
             we
             shall
             be
             ready
             to
             shew
             the
             same
             favour
             to
             the
             Petitions
             of
             your
             Countrey-men
             upon
             any
             
             occasions
             of
             the
             same
             nature
             ,
             whenever
             presented
             to
             us
             .
             
               From
               our
               Palace
               at
            
             White-Hall
             ,
             September
             —
             1656.
             
          
           
             
               Your
               High
               and
               Mightinesses
               most
               Affectionate
               ,
               Oliver
               Protector
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
        
         
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             &c.
             To
             the
             most
             Serene
             Prince
             ,
             Lewis
             King
             of
             France
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               King
               ,
               our
               dearest
               Friend
               and
               Confederate
               ,
            
          
           
             AGainst
             our
             will
             it
             is
             that
             we
             so
             often
             trouble
             your
             Majesty
             with
             the
             wrongs
             done
             by
             your
             Subjects
             ,
             after
             a
             Peace
             so
             lately
             renew'd
             .
             But
             as
             we
             are
             fully
             perswaded
             that
             your
             Majesty
             disapproves
             their
             being
             committed
             ,
             so
             neither
             can
             we
             be
             wanting
             to
             the
             complaints
             of
             our
             People
             .
             That
             the
             Ship
             Anthony
             of
             Dieppe
             was
             Legally
             taken
             before
             the
             League
             ,
             manifestly
             appears
             by
             the
             Sentence
             of
             the
             Judges
             of
             our
             Admiralty
             Court.
             Part
             of
             the
             Lading
             ,
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             Four
             thousand
             Hides
             ,
             
               Robert
               Brown
            
             ,
             a
             Merchant
             of
             London
             
             fairly
             bought
             of
             those
             who
             were
             entrusted
             with
             the
             Sale
             ,
             as
             they
             themselves
             testify
             .
             The
             same
             Merchant
             ,
             after
             the
             Peace
             was
             confirm'd
             ,
             carri'd
             to
             Dieppe
             about
             Two
             hundred
             of
             the
             same
             Hides
             ,
             and
             there
             having
             Sold
             'em
             to
             a
             Currier
             ,
             thought
             to
             have
             receiv'd
             his
             Money
             ,
             but
             found
             it
             Stopt
             and
             Attach'd
             in
             the
             hands
             of
             his
             Factor
             ;
             and
             a
             Suit
             being
             commenc'd
             against
             him
             ,
             he
             could
             obtain
             no
             favour
             in
             that
             Court.
             Wherefore
             ,
             we
             thought
             it
             proper
             to
             request
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             that
             the
             whole
             matter
             may
             be
             referr'd
             to
             your
             Council
             ,
             that
             so
             the
             said
             Money
             may
             be
             discharg'd
             from
             an
             unjust
             and
             vexatious
             Action
             .
             For
             if
             Acts
             done
             and
             adjudg'd
             before
             the
             Peace
             ,
             shall
             after
             Peace
             renew'd
             be
             call'd
             into
             question
             and
             controversy
             ,
             we
             must
             look
             upon
             assurance
             of
             Treaties
             to
             be
             a
             thing
             of
             little
             moment
             .
             Nor
             will
             there
             be
             any
             end
             of
             these
             complaints
             ,
             if
             some
             of
             these
             Violators
             of
             Leagues
             be
             not
             made
             severee
             and
             timely
             Examples
             
             to
             others
             .
             Which
             we
             hope
             your
             Majesty
             will
             speedily
             take
             into
             your
             Care.
             To
             whom
             God
             Almighty
             in
             the
             mean
             time
             vouchsafe
             his
             most
             Holy
             Protection
             .
             
               From
               our
               Palace
               at
            
             White-Hall
             ,
             September
             —
             1656.
             
          
           
             
               Your
               Majesty's
               most
               Affectionate
               ,
               Oliver
               Protector
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               of
               England
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
        
         
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             &c.
             To
             the
             most
             Serene
             Prince
             ,
             John
             ,
             King
             of
             Portugal
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               King
               ,
            
          
           
             THE
             Peace
             being
             happily
             concluded
             between
             this
             Republick
             and
             the
             Kingdom
             of
             Portugal
             ,
             and
             what
             refers
             to
             Trade
             being
             duly
             provided
             for
             and
             ratifi'd
             ,
             we
             deem'd
             it
             necessary
             to
             send
             to
             your
             Majesty
             
               Thomas
               Maynard
            
             ,
             from
             whom
             you
             will
             receive
             these
             Letters
             to
             reside
             in
             your
             Dominions
             ,
             under
             the
             Character
             and
             Employment
             of
             a
             Consul
             ,
             and
             to
             take
             care
             of
             the
             Estates
             and
             Interests
             of
             our
             Merchants
             .
             Now
             in
             regard
             
             it
             may
             frequently
             so
             fall
             out
             ,
             that
             he
             may
             be
             enforc'd
             to
             desire
             the
             Privilege
             of
             free
             Admission
             to
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             as
             well
             in
             matters
             of
             Trade
             ,
             as
             upon
             other
             occasions
             for
             the
             Interest
             of
             our
             Republick
             ,
             we
             make
             it
             our
             request
             to
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             That
             you
             will
             vouchsafe
             him
             favourable
             Access
             and
             Audience
             ,
             which
             we
             shall
             acknowledge
             as
             a
             singular
             demonstration
             and
             testimony
             of
             your
             Majesties
             Good-will
             toward
             us
             .
             In
             the
             mean
             tlme
             we
             beseech
             Almighty
             God
             to
             bless
             your
             Majesty
             with
             all
             Prosperity
             .
             
               From
               our
               Court
               at
            
             Westm
             .
             October
             —
             1656.
             
          
           
             
               Your
               Majesties
               most
               Affectionate
               ,
               Oliver
               Protector
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               of
               England
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
        
         
           
             To
             the
             King
             of
             the
             Swedes
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               and
               Potent
               King
               ,
            
          
           
             ALthough
             your
             Majesty's
             wonted
             and
             spontaneous
             Favour
             and
             Good-will
             toward
             all
             deserving
             men
             
             be
             such
             ,
             that
             all
             recommendations
             in
             their
             behalf
             may
             seem
             superfluous
             ,
             yet
             we
             were
             unwilling
             to
             dismiss
             without
             our
             Letters
             to
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             this
             Noble
             Person
             ,
             
               William
               Vavassour
            
             Knight
             ,
             serving
             under
             your
             Banners
             ,
             and
             now
             returning
             to
             your
             Majesty
             :
             Which
             we
             have
             done
             so
             much
             the
             more
             willingly
             ,
             being
             inform'd
             ,
             that
             formerly
             following
             your
             Majesty's
             fortunate
             Conduct
             ,
             he
             had
             lost
             his
             Blood
             in
             several
             Combats
             to
             assert
             the
             Noble
             Cause
             for
             which
             you
             Fight
             .
             Insomuch
             ,
             that
             the
             succeeding
             Kings
             of
             Swedeland
             in
             renumeration
             of
             his
             Military
             Skill
             ,
             and
             bold
             Atchievements
             in
             War
             ,
             rewarded
             him
             with
             Lands
             and
             Annual
             Pensions
             ,
             as
             the
             Guerdons
             of
             his
             Prowess
             .
             Nor
             do
             we
             question
             but
             that
             he
             may
             be
             of
             great
             use
             to
             your
             Majesty
             in
             your
             present
             Wars
             ,
             who
             has
             bin
             so
             long
             conspicuous
             for
             his
             Fidelity
             and
             Experience
             in
             Military
             Affairs
             .
             'T
             is
             our
             desire
             therefore
             that
             he
             may
             be
             recommended
             to
             your
             Majesty
             according
             
             to
             his
             merits
             ,
             and
             we
             also
             farther
             request
             ,
             That
             he
             may
             be
             paid
             the
             Arrears
             that
             are
             due
             to
             him
             .
             This
             ,
             as
             it
             will
             be
             most
             acceptable
             to
             us
             ,
             so
             we
             shall
             be
             ready
             ,
             upon
             the
             like
             occasion
             ,
             whenever
             offer'd
             ,
             to
             gratify
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             to
             whom
             we
             wish
             all
             Happiness
             and
             Prosperity
             .
          
           
             
               Your
               Majesty's
               most
               Affectionate
               ,
               Oliver
               Protector
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               of
               England
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
        
         
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             &c.
             To
             the
             most
             Serene
             Prince
             ,
             John
             King
             of
             Portugal
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               King
               ,
               our
               dearest
               Friend
               and
               Confederate
               ,
            
          
           
             
               THomas
               Evans
            
             ,
             a
             Master
             of
             a
             Ship
             ,
             and
             our
             Countrey-man
             ,
             has
             presented
             a
             Petition
             to
             us
             ,
             wherein
             he
             sets
             forth
             ,
             that
             in
             the
             years
             1649.
             and
             1650.
             he
             serv'd
             the
             Brafile
             Company
             with
             his
             Ship
             the
             Scipio
             ,
             being
             a
             Vessel
             of
             Four
             hunder'd
             Tuns
             ,
             and
             of
             which
             he
             was
             Master
             :
             that
             the
             said
             Ship
             was
             taken
             from
             him
             ,
             with
             all
             the
             Lading
             and
             Furniture
             
             by
             your
             Majesties
             Command
             ;
             by
             which
             he
             has
             receiv'd
             great
             Damage
             ,
             besides
             the
             loss
             of
             Six
             years
             gain
             arising
             out
             of
             such
             a
             Stock
             .
             The
             Commissioners
             by
             the
             League
             appointed
             on
             both
             sides
             for
             the
             deciding
             controversies
             ,
             valu'd
             the
             whole
             at
             Seven
             thousand
             of
             our
             Pounds
             ,
             or
             twice
             as
             many
             Milreys
             of
             Portugal
             Money
             ,
             as
             they
             made
             their
             report
             to
             us
             .
             Which
             Loss
             falling
             so
             heavy
             upon
             the
             foresaid
             Thomas
             ,
             and
             being
             constrain'd
             to
             make
             a
             voyage
             to
             Lisbon
             for
             the
             Recovery
             of
             his
             Estate
             ,
             he
             humbly
             besought
             us
             that
             we
             would
             grant
             him
             our
             Letters
             to
             your
             Majesty
             in
             favour
             of
             his
             demands
             .
             We
             therefore
             ,
             although
             we
             Wrote
             the
             last
             year
             in
             behalf
             of
             our
             Merchants
             in
             general
             to
             whom
             the
             Brasile
             Company
             was
             Indebted
             ,
             nevertheless
             that
             we
             may
             not
             be
             wanting
             to
             any
             that
             implore
             our
             aid
             ,
             request
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             in
             regard
             to
             that
             Friendship
             which
             is
             between
             us
             ,
             that
             consideration
             may
             be
             had
             of
             this
             
             man
             in
             particular
             ,
             and
             that
             your
             Majesty
             would
             give
             such
             Orders
             to
             all
             your
             Ministers
             and
             Officers
             ,
             that
             no
             obstacle
             may
             hinder
             him
             from
             demanding
             and
             recovering
             without
             delay
             ,
             what
             is
             owing
             to
             him
             from
             the
             Brasile
             Company
             ,
             or
             any
             other
             persons
             .
             God
             Almighty
             Bless
             your
             Majesty
             with
             perpetual
             Felicity
             ,
             and
             grant
             that
             our
             Friendship
             may
             long
             endure
             .
             
               From
               our
               Palace
               at
            
             Westm
             .
             October
             —
             1656.
             
          
           
             
               Your
               Mrjesty's
               most
               Affectionate
               ,
               Oliver
               Protector
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               of
               England
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
        
         
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             &c.
             To
             the
             Illustrious
             and
             Magnificent
             Senate
             of
             Hamborough
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Noble
               ,
               Magnificent
               ,
               and
               Right
               Worshipful
               ,
            
          
           
             JAmes
             and
             
               Patrick
               Hays
            
             ,
             Subjects
             of
             this
             Commonwealth
             ,
             have
             made
             grievous
             Complaint
             before
             us
             ,
             That
             they
             being
             Lawful
             Heirs
             of
             their
             Brother
             Alexander
             ,
             who
             dy'd
             Intestate
             ,
             were
             so
             declar'd
             by
             a
             Sentence
             
             of
             your
             Court
             pronounc'd
             in
             their
             behalf
             against
             their
             Brother's
             Widow
             ;
             and
             the
             Estates
             of
             their
             deceas'd
             Brother
             ,
             together
             with
             the
             Profits
             ,
             onely
             the
             Widow's
             Dowre
             excepted
             ,
             being
             adjudg'd
             to
             them
             by
             vertue
             of
             that
             Sentence
             ;
             nevertheless
             ,
             to
             this
             very
             day
             they
             could
             never
             reap
             any
             benefit
             of
             their
             Pains
             and
             Expences
             in
             obtaining
             the
             said
             Judgment
             ,
             notwithstanding
             their
             own
             declar'd
             Right
             ,
             and
             Letters
             formerly
             Written
             by
             King
             Charles
             in
             their
             behalf
             ;
             for
             that
             the
             great
             Power
             and
             Wealth
             of
             
               Albertvan
               Eyzen
            
             ,
             one
             of
             your
             Chief
             Magistrates
             ,
             and
             with
             whom
             the
             greatest
             part
             of
             the
             Goods
             was
             deposited
             ,
             was
             an
             Opposition
             too
             Potent
             for
             them
             to
             surmount
             ,
             whilst
             he
             strove
             all
             that
             in
             him
             lay
             that
             the
             Goods
             might
             not
             be
             restor'd
             to
             the
             Heirs
             .
             Thus
             disappointed
             and
             tir'd
             out
             with
             delays
             ,
             and
             at
             length
             reduc'd
             to
             utmost
             Poverty
             ,
             they
             are
             become
             suppliants
             to
             us
             that
             we
             would
             not
             forsake
             
             'em
             ,
             wrong'd
             and
             oppress'd
             as
             they
             are
             in
             a
             Confederated
             City
             .
             We
             therefore
             believing
             it
             to
             be
             a
             chief
             part
             of
             our
             duty
             ,
             not
             to
             suffer
             any
             Countrey-man
             of
             ours
             in
             vain
             to
             desire
             our
             Patronage
             and
             Succour
             in
             distress
             ,
             make
             this
             request
             to
             your
             Lordships
             ,
             which
             we
             are
             apt
             to
             think
             we
             may
             easily
             obtain
             from
             your
             City
             ,
             That
             the
             Sentence
             pronounc'd
             in
             behalf
             of
             the
             two
             Brothers
             may
             be
             Ratifi'd
             and
             duly
             Executed
             according
             to
             the
             intents
             and
             purposes
             for
             which
             it
             was
             given
             ;
             and
             that
             you
             will
             not
             suffer
             any
             longer
             delay
             of
             Justice
             ,
             by
             any
             Appeal
             to
             the
             Chamber
             of
             Spire
             ,
             upon
             any
             pretence
             whatever
             :
             For
             we
             have
             requir'd
             the
             Opinions
             of
             our
             Lawyers
             ,
             which
             we
             have
             sent
             to
             your
             Lordships
             fairiy
             Written
             and
             Sign'd
             .
             But
             if
             intreaty
             and
             fair
             means
             will
             nothing
             avail
             ,
             of
             necessity
             (
             and
             which
             is
             no
             more
             then
             according
             to
             the
             customary
             Law
             of
             Nations
             ,
             though
             we
             are
             unwilling
             
             to
             come
             to
             that
             extremity
             )
             the
             severity
             of
             Retaliation
             must
             take
             its
             course
             ;
             which
             we
             hope
             your
             Prudence
             will
             take
             care
             to
             prevent
             .
             
               From
               our
               Palace
               at
            
             Westm
             .
             Octob.
             16.
             1656.
             
          
           
             
               Your
               Lordships
               most
               Affectionate
               ,
               Oliver
               Protector
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               of
               England
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
        
         
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             &c.
             To
             the
             most
             Serene
             and
             Potent
             Lewis
             ,
             King
             of
             France
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               and
               Potent
               King
               ,
               our
               dearest
               Friend
               and
               Confederate
               ,
            
          
           
             WE
             are
             apt
             to
             believe
             that
             your
             Majesty
             receiv'd
             our
             Letters
             dated
             the
             14th
             of
             May
             ,
             of
             the
             last
             year
             ,
             wherein
             we
             wrote
             that
             
               John
               Dethic
            
             ,
             Mayor
             of
             London
             that
             year
             ,
             and
             
               William
               Waterford
            
             ,
             Merchant
             ,
             had
             by
             their
             Petition
             set
             forth
             ,
             That
             a
             certain
             Vessel
             ,
             call'd
             the
             Jonas
             ,
             freighted
             with
             Goods
             upon
             their
             Accompt
             ,
             and
             bound
             for
             Dunkirk
             ,
             then
             under
             the
             Jurisdiction
             of
             the
             French
             ,
             was
             taken
             at
             the
             very
             Mouth
             of
             the
             Thames
             ,
             by
             
             a
             Sea-Rover
             ,
             pretending
             a
             Commission
             from
             the
             Son
             of
             the
             late
             King
             Charles
             :
             Which
             being
             directly
             contrary
             to
             your
             Edicts
             ,
             and
             the
             Decrees
             of
             your
             Council
             ,
             That
             no
             English
             Ship
             taken
             by
             the
             Enemies
             of
             the
             Parliament
             ,
             should
             be
             admitted
             into
             any
             of
             your
             Ports
             ,
             and
             there
             put
             to
             sale
             ,
             they
             demanded
             Restitution
             of
             the
             said
             Ship
             and
             Goods
             from
             M.
             Lestrade
             ,
             then
             Governor
             of
             the
             Town
             ,
             who
             return'd
             'em
             an
             answer
             no
             way
             becoming
             a
             Person
             of
             his
             Quality
             ,
             or
             who
             pretended
             Obedience
             to
             his
             Sovereign
             ;
             That
             the
             Government
             was
             conferr'd
             upon
             him
             for
             his
             good
             Service
             in
             the
             Wars
             ,
             and
             therefore
             he
             would
             make
             his
             best
             advantage
             of
             it
             ,
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             by
             right
             or
             wrong
             ;
             for
             that
             he
             seem'd
             to
             drive
             at
             :
             As
             if
             he
             had
             receiv'd
             that
             Government
             of
             your
             Majesties
             free
             gift
             ,
             to
             authorize
             him
             in
             the
             robbing
             your
             Confederates
             ,
             and
             contemning
             your
             Edicts
             ,
             set
             forth
             in
             their
             favour
             .
             For
             what
             the
             King
             of
             France
             forbids
             his
             Subjects
             any
             way
             to
             have
             a
             
             hand
             in
             ,
             that
             the
             King's
             Governor
             has
             not
             only
             suffer'd
             to
             be
             committed
             in
             your
             Ports
             ,
             but
             he
             himself
             becomes
             the
             Pirate
             ,
             seizes
             the
             Prey
             ,
             and
             openly
             avouches
             the
             Fact.
             With
             this
             Answer
             therefore
             the
             Merchants
             departed
             ,
             altogether
             baffl'd
             and
             disappointed
             ;
             and
             this
             we
             signifi'd
             by
             our
             Letters
             to
             your
             Majesty
             the
             last
             year
             with
             little
             better
             success
             ;
             for
             as
             yet
             we
             have
             receiv'd
             no
             Reply
             to
             those
             Letters
             .
             Of
             which
             we
             are
             apt
             to
             believe
             the
             reason
             was
             ,
             because
             the
             Governor
             was
             with
             the
             Army
             in
             Flanders
             ;
             but
             now
             he
             resides
             at
             Paris
             ,
             or
             rather
             flutters
             unpunish'd
             about
             the
             City
             ,
             and
             at
             Court
             enrich'd
             with
             the
             Spoils
             of
             our
             Merchants
             .
             Once
             more
             therefore
             ,
             We
             make
             it
             our
             Request
             to
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             which
             it
             is
             your
             Majesty's
             Interest
             in
             the
             first
             place
             to
             take
             care
             of
             ,
             That
             no
             person
             whatever
             may
             dare
             to
             justify
             the
             wrongs
             done
             to
             your
             Majesty's
             Confederates
             by
             the
             contempt
             of
             your
             Royal
             Edicts
             .
             Nor
             can
             this
             Cause
             be
             properly
             referr'd
             to
             the
             
             Commissioners
             appointed
             for
             deciding
             Common
             Controversies
             on
             both
             sides
             ;
             since
             in
             this
             Case
             ,
             not
             only
             the
             Rights
             of
             Confederates
             ,
             but
             your
             Authority
             it self
             ,
             and
             the
             Veneration
             due
             to
             the
             Royal
             Name
             ,
             are
             chiefly
             in
             dispute
             .
             And
             it
             would
             be
             a
             wonder
             ,
             that
             Merchants
             should
             be
             more
             troubled
             for
             their
             Losses
             ,
             then
             your
             Majesty
             provok'd
             at
             Incroachments
             upon
             your
             Honour
             .
             Which
             while
             you
             disdain
             to
             brook
             ,
             with
             the
             same
             labour
             you
             will
             demonstrate
             that
             you
             neither
             repent
             of
             your
             Friendly
             Edicts
             in
             favour
             of
             our
             Republick
             ,
             nor
             conniv'd
             at
             the
             Injuries
             done
             by
             your
             Subjects
             ,
             nor
             neglected
             to
             give
             due
             respect
             to
             our
             demands
             .
             
               From
               our
               Court
               at
            
             Westminster
             ,
             Novemb.
             —
             1656.
             
          
           
             
               Your
               Majesty's
               most
               bounden
               by
               Good-will
               ,
               by
               Friendship
               and
               Solemn
               League
               ,
               Oliver
               Protector
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
        
         
           
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             &c.
             To
             the
             most
             Serene
             and
             Potent
             Prince
             ,
             Frederic
             III.
             King
             of
             Danemark
             ,
             Norway
             ,
             the
             Vandals
             and
             Goths
             ;
             Duke
             of
             Sleswich
             ,
             Holsatia
             ,
             Stormatia
             and
             Dithmarsh
             ;
             Count
             in
             Oldenburgh
             and
             Delmenhorst
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               and
               Potent
               King
               ,
               our
               dearest
               Friend
               and
               Confederate
               ,
            
          
           
             WE
             receiv'd
             your
             Majesty's
             Letters
             ,
             dated
             the
             16th
             of
             February
             ,
             from
             Copenhagen
             ,
             by
             the
             most
             worthy
             
               Simon
               de
               Pitkum
            
             ,
             your
             Majesty's
             Agent
             here
             residing
             .
             Which
             when
             we
             had
             perus'd
             ,
             the
             Demonstrations
             of
             your
             Majesty's
             Good-will
             towards
             us
             ,
             and
             the
             Importance
             of
             the
             Matter
             concerning
             which
             you
             write
             ,
             affected
             us
             to
             that
             degree
             ,
             that
             we
             design'd
             forthwith
             to
             send
             to
             your
             Majesty
             some
             person
             ,
             who
             being
             furnish'd
             with
             ample
             Instructions
             from
             us
             ,
             might
             more
             at
             large
             declare
             to
             your
             Majesty
             our
             Counsels
             in
             that
             Affair
             .
             And
             tho
             we
             have
             still
             the
             
             same
             Resolutions
             ,
             yet
             hitherto
             we
             have
             not
             been
             at
             leisure
             to
             think
             of
             a
             Person
             proper
             to
             be
             entrusted
             with
             those
             Commands
             ,
             which
             the
             weight
             of
             the
             matter
             requires
             ;
             tho
             in
             a
             short
             time
             we
             hope
             to
             be
             more
             at
             liberty
             .
             In
             the
             mean
             while
             ,
             we
             thought
             it
             not
             convenient
             any
             longer
             to
             delay
             the
             letting
             your
             Majesty
             understand
             ,
             that
             the
             present
             Condition
             of
             Affairs
             in
             Europe
             has
             employ'd
             the
             greatest
             part
             of
             our
             Care
             and
             Thoughts
             ;
             while
             for
             some
             years
             ,
             to
             our
             great
             grief
             ,
             we
             have
             beheld
             the
             Protestant
             Princes
             and
             Supream
             Magistrates
             of
             the
             Reformed
             Republicks
             ,
             (
             whom
             it
             rather
             behoves
             ,
             as
             being
             engag'd
             by
             the
             common
             Tye
             of
             Religion
             and
             Safety
             ,
             to
             combine
             and
             study
             all
             the
             ways
             imaginable
             conducing
             to
             mutual
             defence
             )
             more
             and
             more
             at
             weakning
             variance
             among
             themselves
             ,
             and
             jealous
             of
             each
             other's
             Actions
             and
             Designs
             ;
             putting
             their
             Friends
             in
             fear
             ,
             their
             Enemies
             in
             hope
             ,
             that
             the
             Posture
             of
             Affairs
             bodes
             rather
             Enmity
             
             and
             Discord
             ,
             then
             a
             firm
             agreement
             of
             mind
             to
             defend
             and
             assist
             each
             other
             .
             And
             this
             sollicitude
             has
             fix'd
             it self
             so
             much
             the
             deeper
             in
             our
             thoughts
             ,
             in
             regard
             there
             seems
             to
             appear
             some
             sparkles
             of
             jealousy
             between
             your
             Majesty
             and
             the
             King
             of
             Sweden
             ;
             at
             least
             ,
             that
             there
             is
             not
             that
             conjunction
             of
             Affections
             ,
             which
             our
             Love
             and
             Good-will
             in
             general
             toward
             the
             Orthodox
             Religion
             so
             importunately
             requires
             ;
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             perhaps
             ,
             suspecting
             that
             the
             Trade
             of
             your
             Dominions
             will
             be
             prejudic'd
             by
             the
             King
             of
             Sweden
             ;
             and
             on
             the
             other
             side
             ,
             the
             King
             of
             Sweden
             being
             jealous
             ,
             that
             by
             your
             means
             the
             War
             ,
             which
             he
             now
             wages
             ,
             is
             made
             more
             difficult
             ,
             and
             that
             you
             oppose
             him
             in
             his
             contracting
             those
             Alliances
             which
             he
             seeks
             .
             'T
             is
             not
             unknown
             to
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             so
             eminent
             for
             your
             profound
             Wisdom
             ,
             how
             great
             the
             Danger
             is
             that
             threatens
             the
             Protestant
             Religion
             ,
             should
             such
             Suspicions
             long
             continue
             between
             two
             such
             Potent
             
             Monarchs
             ;
             more
             especially
             ,
             which
             God
             avert
             ,
             if
             any
             symptom
             of
             Hostility
             should
             break
             forth
             .
             However
             it
             be
             ,
             for
             our
             parts
             ,
             as
             we
             have
             earnestly
             exhorted
             the
             King
             of
             Sweden
             ,
             and
             the
             States
             of
             the
             
               Vnited
               Provinces
            
             to
             Peace
             ,
             and
             moderate
             Counsels
             (
             and
             are
             beyond
             expression
             glad
             to
             behold
             Peace
             and
             Concord
             renew'd
             between
             them
             ;
             for
             that
             the
             Heads
             of
             that
             League
             are
             transmitted
             to
             us
             by
             their
             Lordships
             ,
             the
             States-General
             )
             so
             we
             thought
             it
             our
             duty
             ,
             and
             chiefly
             becoming
             our
             Friendship
             ,
             not
             to
             conceal
             from
             your
             Majesty
             what
             our
             Sentiments
             are
             concerning
             these
             matters
             ,
             (
             more
             especially
             being
             so
             affectionately
             invited
             so
             to
             do
             by
             your
             Majesty's
             most
             Friendly
             Letters
             ;
             which
             we
             look
             upon
             ,
             and
             embrace
             ,
             as
             a
             most
             singular
             Testimony
             of
             your
             Good-will
             toward
             us
             )
             but
             to
             lay
             before
             your
             eyes
             ,
             how
             great
             a
             necessity
             Divine
             Providence
             has
             impos'd
             upon
             us
             all
             ,
             that
             profess
             the
             Protestant
             Religion
             ,
             to
             study
             Peace
             among
             our
             
             selves
             ,
             and
             that
             chiefly
             at
             this
             time
             ,
             when
             our
             most
             embittered
             Enemies
             seem
             to
             have
             on
             every
             side
             conspir'd
             our
             destruction
             .
             There
             's
             no
             necessity
             of
             calling
             to
             remembrance
             the
             Valleys
             of
             Piemont
             still
             besmear'd
             with
             the
             Blood
             and
             Slaughter
             of
             the
             miserable
             Inhabitants
             ;
             nor
             Austria
             ,
             tormented
             at
             the
             same
             time
             with
             the
             Emperor's
             Decrees
             and
             Proscriptions
             ;
             nor
             the
             impetuous
             Onsets
             of
             the
             Popish
             upon
             the
             Protestant
             Switzers
             .
             Who
             can
             be
             ignorant
             ,
             that
             the
             Artifices
             and
             Machinations
             of
             the
             Spaniards
             ,
             for
             some
             years
             last
             past
             ,
             have
             fill'd
             all
             these
             places
             with
             the
             confus'd
             and
             blended
             havock
             of
             Fire
             and
             Sword
             ?
             To
             which
             unfortunate
             Pile
             of
             Miseries
             ,
             if
             once
             the
             Reformed
             Brethren
             should
             come
             to
             add
             their
             own
             Dissentions
             among
             themselves
             ,
             and
             more
             especially
             two
             such
             Potent
             Monarchs
             ,
             the
             chiefest
             part
             of
             our
             strength
             ,
             and
             among
             whom
             so
             large
             a
             Provision
             of
             the
             Protestants
             Security
             and
             Puissance
             lies
             stor'd
             and
             hoarded
             
             up
             against
             Times
             of
             Danger
             ,
             most
             certainly
             the
             Interests
             of
             the
             Protestants
             must
             go
             to
             ruine
             ,
             and
             suffer
             a
             total
             and
             irrecoverable
             Eclipse
             .
             On
             the
             other
             side
             ,
             If
             Peace
             continue
             firmly
             fix'd
             between
             two
             such
             powerful
             Neighbours
             ,
             and
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             Orthodox
             Princes
             ;
             if
             we
             would
             but
             make
             it
             our
             main
             study
             to
             abide
             in
             Brotherly
             Concord
             ,
             there
             would
             be
             no
             cause
             ,
             by
             God's
             assistance
             ,
             to
             fear
             neither
             the
             force
             nor
             subtilty
             of
             our
             Enemies
             ;
             all
             whose
             Endeavours
             ,
             and
             laborious
             Toils
             ,
             our
             Union
             alone
             would
             be
             able
             to
             dissipate
             and
             frustrate
             .
             Nor
             do
             we
             question
             ,
             but
             that
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             as
             you
             are
             freely
             willing
             ,
             so
             your
             willingness
             will
             be
             constant
             in
             contributing
             your
             utmost
             Assistance
             to
             procure
             this
             blessed
             Peace
             .
             To
             which
             purpose
             ,
             we
             shall
             be
             most
             ready
             to
             communicate
             ,
             and
             join
             our
             Counsels
             with
             your
             Majesty
             ;
             professing
             a
             real
             and
             cordial
             Friendship
             ,
             and
             not
             only
             determin'd
             inviolably
             to
             observe
             the
             Amity
             so
             auspiciously
             contracted
             
             between
             us
             ,
             but
             as
             God
             shall
             enable
             us
             ,
             to
             bind
             our
             present
             Alliance
             with
             a
             more
             strict
             and
             Fraternal
             Bond.
             In
             the
             mean
             time
             ,
             the
             same
             Eternal
             God
             grant
             all
             things
             prosperous
             and
             successful
             to
             your
             Majesty
             .
             
               From
               our
               Caurt
               at
            
             White-Hall
             ,
             
               Decem.
               —
               1656.
            
             
          
           
             
               Your
               Majesties
               most
               closely
               united
               by
               Friendship
               ,
               Alliance
               and
               Good-will
               ,
               Oliver
               Protector
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               of
               England
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
        
         
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             &c.
             To
             the
             most
             Serene
             and
             Illustrious
             Prince
             and
             Lord
             ,
             the
             Lord
             William
             ,
             Lantgrave
             of
             Hess
             ,
             Prince
             of
             Herefeldt
             ,
             Count
             in
             Cutzenellebogen
             ,
             Decia
             Ligenhain
             ,
             Widda
             and
             Schaunburg
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               Prince
               ,
            
          
           
             WE
             had
             return'd
             an
             Answer
             to
             your
             Letters
             sent
             us
             now
             near
             a
             Twelvemonth
             since
             ,
             for
             which
             we
             beg
             your
             Highnesses
             pardon
             ,
             had
             not
             many
             ,
             and
             those
             the
             most
             Important
             Affairs
             of
             the
             Republick
             under
             our
             care
             ,
             constrain'd
             us
             to
             this
             unwilling
             
             silence
             .
             For
             what
             Letters
             could
             be
             more
             grateful
             to
             us
             ,
             then
             those
             which
             are
             written
             from
             a
             most
             Religius
             Prince
             ,
             descended
             from
             Religious
             Ancestors
             ,
             in
             order
             to
             settle
             the
             Peace
             of
             Religion
             ,
             and
             the
             Harmony
             of
             the
             Church
             ?
             Which
             Letters
             attribute
             to
             us
             the
             same
             Inclinations
             ,
             the
             same
             Zeal
             to
             promote
             the
             Peace
             of
             Christendom
             ,
             not
             only
             in
             your
             own
             ,
             but
             in
             the
             Opinion
             and
             Judgment
             of
             almost
             all
             the
             Christian
             World
             ,
             and
             which
             we
             are
             most
             highly
             glad
             to
             find
             so
             universally
             ascrib'd
             to
             our selves
             .
             And
             how
             far
             our
             Endeavours
             have
             been
             signal
             formerly
             throughout
             these
             Three
             Kingdoms
             ,
             and
             what
             we
             have
             effected
             by
             our
             Exhortations
             ,
             by
             our
             Sufferings
             ,
             by
             our
             Conduct
             ,
             but
             chiefly
             by
             Divine
             Assistance
             ,
             the
             greatest
             part
             of
             our
             People
             both
             well
             know
             ,
             and
             are
             sensible
             of
             ,
             in
             a
             deep
             tranquility
             of
             their
             Consciences
             .
             The
             same
             Peace
             we
             have
             wish'd
             to
             the
             Churches
             of
             Germany
             ,
             whose
             Dissentions
             have
             been
             too
             
             sharp
             ,
             and
             of
             too
             too
             long
             endurance
             ;
             and
             by
             our
             Agent
             Dury
             ,
             for
             many
             years
             in
             vain
             endeavouring
             the
             same
             Reconciliation
             ,
             we
             have
             cordially
             offer'd
             whatever
             might
             conduce
             on
             our
             part
             to
             the
             same
             purpose
             .
             We
             still
             persevere
             in
             the
             same
             Determinations
             ,
             and
             wish
             the
             same
             Fraternal
             Charity
             one
             among
             another
             ,
             to
             those
             Churches
             .
             But
             how
             difficult
             a
             task
             it
             is
             to
             settle
             peace
             among
             those
             Sons
             of
             Peace
             ,
             as
             they
             give
             out
             themselves
             to
             be
             ,
             to
             our
             extream
             grief
             ,
             we
             more
             then
             abundantly
             understand
             .
             For
             that
             the
             Reformed
             ,
             and
             those
             of
             the
             Augustan
             Confession
             ,
             should
             cement
             together
             in
             a
             Communion
             of
             one
             Church
             ,
             is
             hardly
             ever
             to
             be
             expected
             :
             'T
             is
             impossible
             by
             force
             to
             prohibit
             either
             from
             defending
             their
             Opinions
             ,
             whether
             in
             private
             Disputes
             ,
             or
             by
             publick
             Writings
             .
             For
             Force
             can
             never
             consist
             with
             Ecclesiastical
             Tranquility
             .
             This
             only
             were
             to
             be
             wish'd
             ,
             that
             they
             who
             differ
             ,
             would
             suffer
             themselves
             to
             be
             entreated
             ,
             that
             they
             
             would
             disagree
             more
             civilly
             and
             with
             more
             moderation
             ;
             and
             notwithstanding
             their
             Disputes
             ,
             Love
             one
             another
             ;
             not
             imbitter'd
             against
             each
             other
             as
             Enemies
             ,
             but
             as
             Brethren
             ,
             dissenting
             onely
             in
             Trifles
             ,
             though
             in
             the
             Fundamentals
             of
             Faith
             most
             cordially
             agreeing
             .
             With
             inculcating
             and
             perswading
             these
             things
             ,
             we
             shall
             never
             be
             wearied
             ;
             beyond
             that
             ,
             there
             is
             nothing
             allow'd
             to
             human
             Force
             or
             Counsels
             :
             God
             will
             accomplish
             his
             own
             work
             in
             his
             own
             time
             .
             In
             the
             mean
             while
             ,
             you
             ,
             most
             Serene
             Prince
             ,
             have
             left
             behind
             ye
             a
             noble
             testimony
             of
             your
             Affection
             to
             the
             Churches
             ,
             an
             eternal
             Monument
             becoming
             the
             Vertue
             of
             your
             Ancestors
             ,
             and
             an
             Exemplar
             worthy
             to
             be
             follow'd
             by
             all
             Princes
             .
             It
             only
             then
             remains
             for
             us
             to
             implore
             the
             Merciful
             and
             Great
             God
             to
             Crown
             your
             Highness
             with
             all
             the
             Prosperity
             in
             other
             things
             which
             you
             can
             wish
             for
             ;
             but
             not
             to
             change
             your
             Mind
             ,
             then
             which
             you
             cannot
             have
             a
             better
             ,
             since
             a
             better
             
             cannot
             be
             ,
             nor
             more
             Piously
             devoted
             to
             his
             Glory
             .
             
               Westm
               .
               March
               —
               1656.
            
             
          
        
         
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             &c.
             To
             the
             most
             Serene
             Prince
             ,
             the
             Duke
             of
             Curland
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               Prince
               ,
            
          
           
             WE
             have
             bin
             abundantly
             satisfi'd
             of
             your
             Affection
             to
             us
             ,
             as
             well
             at
             other
             times
             ,
             as
             when
             you
             kindly
             entertain'd
             our
             Embassador
             in
             his
             Journey
             to
             the
             Duke
             of
             Muscovy
             ,
             for
             some
             days
             together
             making
             a
             stop
             in
             your
             Territories
             :
             Now
             we
             are
             no
             less
             confident
             that
             your
             Highness
             will
             give
             us
             no
             less
             obliging
             Testimonies
             of
             your
             Justice
             and
             Equity
             ,
             as
             well
             out
             of
             your
             own
             Good
             nature
             ,
             as
             at
             our
             request
             .
             For
             we
             are
             given
             to
             understand
             ,
             That
             one
             
               John
               Johnson
            
             ,
             a
             Scotchman
             ,
             and
             Master
             of
             a
             certain
             Ship
             of
             yours
             ,
             having
             faithfully
             discharg'd
             his
             Duty
             for
             7
             years
             together
             in
             the
             Service
             of
             your
             Highness
             ,
             as
             to
             your
             Highness
             is
             well
             known
             ,
             
             at
             length
             deliver'd
             the
             said
             Ship
             ,
             call'd
             the
             Whale
             ,
             in
             the
             Mouth
             of
             the
             River
             ,
             according
             as
             the
             Custome
             is
             ,
             to
             one
             of
             your
             Pilots
             ,
             by
             him
             to
             be
             carried
             safe
             into
             Harbour
             .
             But
             it
             so
             fell
             out
             ,
             that
             the
             Pilot
             being
             ignorant
             of
             his
             Duty
             ,
             though
             frequently
             Warned
             and
             Admonish'd
             by
             the
             said
             Johnson
             ,
             as
             he
             has
             prov'd
             by
             several
             Witnesses
             ,
             the
             said
             Ship
             ran
             aground
             and
             split
             to
             pieces
             ,
             not
             through
             any
             fault
             of
             the
             Master
             ,
             but
             through
             the
             want
             of
             Skill
             ,
             or
             Obstinacy
             of
             the
             Pilot.
             Which
             being
             so
             ,
             we
             make
             it
             our
             earnest
             request
             to
             your
             Highness
             ,
             That
             neither
             the
             said
             Shipwrack
             may
             be
             imputed
             to
             the
             foremention'd
             Johnson
             ,
             the
             Master
             ,
             nor
             that
             he
             may
             upon
             that
             account
             be
             depriv'd
             of
             the
             Wages
             due
             to
             him
             ;
             by
             the
             onely
             enjoyment
             of
             which
             ,
             he
             having
             lately
             suffer'd
             another
             misfortune
             at
             Sea
             ,
             he
             hopes
             however
             to
             support
             and
             comfort
             himself
             in
             the
             extremity
             of
             his
             Wants
             .
             
               From
               our
               Court
               at
            
             Westm
             .
             March
             —
             1657.
             
          
        
         
           
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             &c.
             To
             the
             most
             Noble
             the
             Consuls
             and
             Senators
             of
             the
             Republick
             of
             Dantzick
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Noble
               and
               Magnificent
               ,
               our
               dearest
               Friends
               ,
            
          
           
             WE
             have
             always
             esteem'd
             your
             City
             ,
             flourishing
             in
             Industry
             ,
             Wealth
             ,
             and
             studious
             Care
             to
             promote
             all
             useful
             Arts
             and
             Sciences
             ,
             fit
             to
             be
             compar'd
             with
             any
             the
             most
             Noble
             Cities
             of
             Europe
             .
             Now
             in
             regard
             that
             in
             this
             War
             ,
             that
             has
             long
             bin
             hovering
             about
             your
             Confines
             ,
             you
             have
             rather
             chosen
             to
             side
             with
             the
             Polanders
             ,
             then
             with
             the
             Swedes
             ;
             we
             are
             most
             heartily
             desirous
             ,
             that
             for
             the
             sake
             of
             that
             Religion
             which
             you
             embrace
             ,
             and
             of
             your
             ancient
             Commerce
             with
             the
             English
             ,
             you
             would
             chiefly
             adhere
             to
             those
             Counsels
             ,
             which
             may
             prove
             most
             agreeable
             to
             the
             Glory
             of
             God
             ,
             and
             the
             Dignity
             and
             Splendour
             of
             your
             City
             .
             Wherefore
             we
             intreat
             ye
             ,
             for
             the
             sake
             of
             that
             Friendship
             which
             has
             bin
             long
             establish'd
             between
             your selves
             and
             the
             English
             Nation
             ,
             and
             if
             our
             Reputation
             have
             obtaine'd
             
             any
             favour
             or
             esteem
             among
             ye
             ,
             to
             set
             at
             Liberty
             Count
             Conismark
             ,
             conspicuous
             among
             the
             Principal
             of
             the
             Swedish
             Captains
             ,
             and
             a
             Person
             singularly
             fam'd
             for
             his
             Conduct
             in
             War
             ,
             but
             by
             the
             Treachery
             of
             his
             own
             People
             surpris'd
             at
             Sea
             ;
             wherein
             you
             will
             do
             no
             more
             then
             what
             the
             Laws
             of
             War
             ,
             not
             yet
             exasperated
             to
             the
             heighth
             ,
             allow
             ;
             or
             if
             you
             think
             this
             is
             not
             so
             agreeable
             to
             your
             Interests
             ,
             that
             you
             will
             however
             deem
             him
             worthy
             a
             more
             easy
             and
             less
             severe
             Confinement
             .
             Which
             of
             these
             two
             Favours
             soever
             you
             shall
             determin
             to
             grant
             us
             ,
             you
             will
             certainly
             perform
             an
             act
             becoming
             the
             Reputation
             of
             your
             City
             ,
             and
             highly
             oblige
             besides
             the
             most
             famous
             Warriers
             and
             most
             eminent
             Captains
             of
             all
             Parties
             ;
             and
             lastly
             ,
             lay
             upon
             our selves
             an
             obligation
             not
             the
             meanest
             ;
             and
             perhaps
             it
             may
             be
             worth
             your
             Interest
             to
             gratify
             us
             .
             
               From
               our
               Court
               at
            
             Westm
             .
             April
             —
             1657.
             
          
           
             
               Your
               Lordships
               most
               Affectionate
               ,
               Oliver
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
        
         
           
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             Scotland
             ,
             and
             Ireland
             ,
             &c.
             
             To
             the
             most
             Serene
             aud
             Potent
             Prince
             and
             Lord
             ,
             Emperor
             and
             great
             Duke
             of
             all
             Russia
             ,
             sole
             Lord
             of
             Volodomaria
             ,
             Moscow
             and
             Novograge
             ,
             King
             of
             Cazan
             ,
             Astracan
             and
             Syberia
             ,
             Lord
             of
             Vobscow
             ,
             great
             Duke
             of
             Smolensko
             ,
             Tuerscoy
             ,
             and
             other
             Places
             .
             Lord
             and
             great
             Duke
             of
             Novogrod
             ,
             and
             the
             Lower
             Provinces
             of
             Chernigoy
             ,
             Rezansco
             and
             others
             .
             Lord
             of
             all
             the
             Northern
             Climes
             ;
             also
             Lord
             of
             Eversco
             ,
             Cartalinsca
             ,
             and
             many
             other
             Places
             .
          
           
             ALL
             men
             know
             how
             Ancient
             the
             Friendship
             ,
             and
             how
             vast
             the
             Trade
             has
             bin
             for
             a
             long
             train
             of
             years
             between
             the
             English
             Nation
             and
             the
             People
             of
             your
             Empire
             :
             But
             that
             singular
             Vertue
             ,
             most
             
               August
               Emperor
            
             ,
             which
             in
             your
             Majesty
             far
             outshines
             the
             Glory
             of
             your
             Ancestors
             ;
             and
             the
             high
             Opinion
             which
             all
             the
             Neighbouring
             Princes
             have
             of
             it
             ,
             more
             especially
             moves
             us
             to
             pay
             a
             more
             then
             ordinary
             Veneration
             and
             Affection
             to
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             and
             to
             desire
             
             the
             imparting
             of
             some
             things
             to
             your
             Consideration
             ,
             which
             may
             conduce
             to
             the
             Good
             of
             Christendome
             and
             your
             own
             Interests
             .
             Wherefore
             ,
             we
             have
             sent
             the
             most
             Accomplish'd
             
               Richard
               Bradshaw
            
             ,
             a
             person
             of
             whose
             Fidelity
             ,
             Integrity
             ,
             Prudence
             ,
             and
             Experience
             in
             Affairs
             ,
             we
             are
             well
             assur'd
             ,
             as
             having
             bin
             imploy'd
             by
             us
             in
             several
             other
             Negotiations
             of
             this
             nature
             ,
             under
             the
             Character
             of
             our
             Agent
             to
             your
             Majesty
             ;
             to
             the
             end
             he
             may
             more
             at
             large
             make
             known
             to
             your
             Majesty
             our
             singular
             Good
             will
             and
             high
             Respect
             toward
             so
             Puissant
             a
             Monarch
             ,
             and
             Transact
             with
             your
             Majesty
             concerning
             the
             matters
             above-mention'd
             .
             Him
             therefore
             we
             request
             your
             Majesty
             favourably
             to
             receive
             in
             our
             Name
             ,
             and
             as
             often
             as
             shall
             be
             requisite
             to
             grant
             him
             free
             Access
             to
             your
             Person
             ,
             and
             no
             less
             gracious
             Audience
             ;
             and
             lastly
             ,
             to
             give
             the
             same
             credit
             to
             him
             in
             all
             things
             which
             he
             shall
             Propose
             or
             Negotiate
             ,
             as
             to
             our
             
             selves
             if
             we
             were
             personally
             present
             .
             And
             so
             we
             beseech
             Almighty
             God
             to
             Bless
             your
             Majesty
             and
             the
             Russian
             Empire
             with
             all
             Prosperity
             .
             
               From
               our
               Court
               at
            
             Westm
             .
             April
             —
             1657.
             
          
           
             
               Your
               Majesty's
               most
               Affectionate
               ,
               Oliver
               ,
               Protector
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               of
               England
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
        
         
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             &c.
             To
             the
             Most
             Serene
             and
             Potent
             Prince
             Charles
             Gustavus
             ,
             King
             of
             the
             Swedes
             ,
             Goths
             ,
             and
             Vandals
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               and
               Potent
               King
               ,
               our
               dearest
               Friend
               and
               Confederate
               ,
            
          
           
             THE
             most
             Honourable
             
               William
               Jepson
            
             ,
             Collonel
             of
             Horse
             ,
             and
             a
             Senator
             in
             our
             Parlament
             ,
             who
             will
             have
             the
             Honour
             to
             deliver
             these
             Letters
             to
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             will
             make
             known
             to
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             with
             what
             disturbance
             and
             grief
             of
             Mind
             we
             receiv'd
             the
             News
             of
             the
             fatal
             War
             broke
             out
             between
             your
             Majesty
             and
             the
             King
             of
             Danemark
             ,
             and
             how
             much
             it
             is
             our
             cordial
             and
             real
             endeavour
             ,
             
             not
             to
             neglect
             any
             labour
             or
             duty
             of
             ours
             ,
             as
             far
             as
             God
             enables
             us
             ,
             that
             some
             speedy
             remedy
             may
             be
             appli'd
             to
             this
             growing
             Mischief
             ,
             and
             those
             Calamites
             averted
             ,
             which
             of
             necessity
             this
             War
             will
             bring
             upon
             the
             Common
             Cause
             of
             Religion
             ;
             more
             especially
             at
             this
             time
             ,
             now
             that
             our
             Adversaries
             unite
             their
             Forces
             and
             pernicious
             Counsels
             against
             the
             Profession
             and
             Professors
             of
             the
             Orthodox
             Faith.
             These
             and
             some
             other
             Considerations
             of
             great
             importance
             to
             the
             Benefit
             and
             Publick
             Interests
             of
             both
             Nations
             ,
             have
             induc'd
             us
             to
             send
             this
             Gentleman
             to
             your
             Majesty
             under
             the
             Character
             of
             our
             Extraordinary
             Envoy
             .
             Whom
             we
             therefore
             desire
             your
             Majesty
             kindly
             to
             receive
             ,
             and
             to
             give
             Credit
             to
             him
             in
             all
             things
             which
             he
             shall
             have
             to
             impart
             to
             your
             Majesty
             in
             our
             Name
             ;
             as
             being
             a
             Person
             in
             whose
             Fidelity
             and
             Prudence
             we
             very
             much
             confide
             .
             We
             also
             farther
             request
             ,
             That
             your
             Majesty
             will
             be
             pleas'd
             
             fully
             to
             assure
             your self
             of
             our
             Good-will
             and
             most
             undoubted
             Zeal
             ,
             as
             well
             toward
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             as
             for
             the
             Prosperity
             of
             your
             Affairs
             .
             Of
             which
             we
             shall
             be
             readily
             prepar'd
             with
             all
             imaginable
             willingness
             of
             mind
             to
             give
             unquestionable
             Testimonies
             upon
             all
             occasions
             .
             
               From
               our
               Court
               at
            
             Westminster
             ,
             August
             —
             1657.
             
          
           
             
               Your
               Majesty's
               Friend
               ,
               and
               most
               strictly
               Co-united
               Confederate
               ,
               Oliver
               Protector
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               of
               England
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
        
         
           
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             &c.
             To
             the
             most
             Serene
             Prince
             ,
             The
             Lord
             Frederick
             William
             ,
             Marquess
             of
             Brandenburgh
             ,
             High
             Chamberlain
             of
             the
             Imperial
             Empire
             ,
             and
             Prince
             Elector
             ,
             Duke
             of
             Magdeburgh
             ,
             Prussia
             ,
             Juliers
             ,
             Cleves
             ,
             Monts
             ,
             Stettin
             ,
             Pomerania
             ,
             of
             the
             Cassiubiands
             and
             Vandals
             ,
             as
             also
             of
             Silesia
             ,
             Crosna
             ,
             and
             Carnovia
             ,
             Burgravae
             of
             Norrinburgh
             .
             Prince
             of
             Halberstadt
             and
             Minda
             ,
             Count
             of
             Mark
             and
             Ravensbergh
             ,
             Lord
             in
             Ravenstein
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               Prince
               ,
               our
               dearest
               Friend
               and
               Confederate
            
          
           
             SUCH
             is
             the
             fame
             of
             your
             Highness's
             Vertue
             and
             Prudence
             both
             in
             Peace
             and
             War
             ,
             and
             so
             loudly
             spread
             through
             all
             the
             World
             ,
             That
             all
             the
             Princes
             round
             about
             are
             ambitious
             of
             your
             Friendship
             ;
             nor
             does
             any
             one
             desire
             a
             more
             faithful
             or
             constant
             Friend
             and
             Associate
             :
             Therefore
             to
             the
             end
             your
             Highness
             may
             know
             that
             we
             are
             also
             in
             the
             number
             of
             those
             that
             have
             the
             highest
             and
             most
             honourable
             Thoughts
             of
             your
             Person
             and
             Merits
             ,
             so
             well
             deserving
             
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             Christendome
             ;
             we
             have
             sent
             the
             most
             Worthy
             Col.
             
               Will.
               Jepson
            
             ,
             a
             Senator
             in
             our
             Parlament
             ,
             in
             our
             Name
             to
             kiss
             your
             Majesties
             hands
             ,
             and
             with
             all
             to
             wish
             the
             continuance
             of
             all
             Prosperity
             to
             your
             Affairs
             ,
             and
             in
             Words
             at
             large
             to
             express
             our
             Good-will
             and
             Affection
             to
             your
             Serenity
             ;
             and
             therefore
             make
             it
             our
             request
             ,
             That
             you
             will
             vouchsafe
             to
             give
             him
             Credit
             in
             those
             matters
             concerning
             which
             he
             has
             Instructions
             to
             Treat
             with
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             as
             if
             all
             things
             were
             Attested
             and
             Confirm'd
             by
             our
             Personal
             Presence
             .
             
               From
               our
               Court
               at
            
             White-Hall
             ,
             
               August
               —
               1657.
               
            
          
        
         
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             &c.
             To
             the
             most
             Noble
             the
             Consuls
             and
             Senators
             of
             the
             City
             of
             Hamborough
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Noble
               ,
               most
               Magnificent
               and
               Worthy
               ,
            
          
           
             THE
             most
             Accomplish'd
             ,
             Collonel
             
               William
               Jepson
            
             ,
             a
             Senator
             
             in
             our
             Parlament
             ,
             being
             sent
             by
             us
             to
             the
             most
             Serene
             King
             of
             Sweden
             ,
             is
             to
             Travel
             through
             your
             City
             ;
             and
             therefore
             we
             have
             given
             him
             in
             Command
             ,
             not
             to
             pass
             by
             your
             Lordships
             Unsaluted
             in
             our
             Name
             ;
             and
             withall
             to
             make
             it
             our
             request
             ,
             That
             you
             will
             be
             ready
             to
             Assist
             him
             upon
             whatsoever
             occasion
             he
             shall
             think
             it
             requisite
             to
             crave
             the
             Aid
             of
             your
             Authority
             and
             Counsel
             .
             Which
             the
             more
             willingly
             you
             shall
             do
             ,
             the
             more
             you
             shall
             find
             you
             have
             acquir'd
             our
             Favour
             .
             
               From
               our
               Court
               at
            
             Westminster
             ,
             August
             —
             1657.
             
          
        
         
           
             To
             the
             most
             Noble
             the
             Consuls
             and
             Senators
             of
             the
             City
             of
             Breme
             .
          
           
             HOW
             great
             our
             Affection
             is
             toward
             your
             City
             ,
             how
             particular
             our
             Good-will
             ,
             as
             well
             upon
             the
             account
             of
             your
             Religion
             ,
             as
             for
             the
             celebrated
             Splendor
             of
             your
             City
             ,
             as
             formerly
             you
             have
             found
             ,
             so
             when
             occasion
             offers
             ,
             you
             shall
             be
             farther
             
             sensible
             .
             At
             present
             ,
             in
             regard
             the
             most
             Accomplish'd
             Collonel
             ,
             
               William
               Jepson
            
             ,
             a
             Senator
             in
             our
             Parlament
             ,
             is
             to
             Travel
             through
             Bremen
             with
             the
             Character
             of
             our
             
               Envoy
               Extraordinary
            
             to
             the
             King
             of
             Sweden
             ,
             't
             is
             our
             Pleasure
             that
             he
             salute
             your
             Lordships
             lovingly
             and
             friendly
             in
             our
             Name
             :
             and
             that
             if
             any
             accident
             fall
             out
             ,
             wherein
             your
             Assistance
             and
             Friendship
             may
             be
             serviceable
             to
             him
             ,
             that
             he
             may
             have
             free
             Admission
             to
             desire
             it
             ,
             upon
             the
             score
             of
             our
             Alliance
             .
             Wherein
             we
             are
             confident
             you
             will
             the
             less
             be
             wanting
             ,
             by
             how
             much
             the
             more
             reason
             you
             will
             have
             to
             be
             assur'd
             of
             our
             singular
             Love
             and
             Kindness
             for
             your
             Lordships
             .
             
               From
               our
               Court
               at
            
             White-Hall
             ,
             August
             —
             1657.
             
          
        
         
           
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             &c.
             To
             the
             most
             Noble
             the
             Senators
             and
             Consuls
             of
             the
             City
             of
             Lubeck
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Noble
               ,
               Magnificent
               ,
               and
               Right
               Worshipful
               our
               dearest
               Friends
               ,
            
          
           
             COllonel
             
               William
               Jepson
            
             ,
             a
             Person
             of
             great
             Honour
             ,
             and
             a
             Senator
             in
             our
             Parlament
             ,
             is
             to
             pass
             with
             the
             Character
             of
             a
             Publick
             Minister
             from
             your
             City
             to
             the
             King
             of
             Sweden
             ,
             encamping
             not
             far
             from
             it
             .
             Wherefore
             we
             desire
             your
             Lordships
             ,
             that
             if
             occasion
             require
             ,
             upon
             the
             account
             of
             the
             Friendship
             and
             Commerce
             between
             us
             ,
             you
             will
             be
             Assistant
             to
             him
             in
             his
             Journey
             through
             your
             City
             ,
             and
             the
             Territories
             under
             your
             Jurisdiction
             .
             As
             to
             what
             remains
             ,
             it
             is
             our
             farther
             pleasure
             ,
             That
             you
             be
             Saluted
             in
             our
             Name
             ,
             and
             that
             you
             be
             assur'd
             of
             our
             Good-will
             and
             ready
             Inclinations
             to
             serve
             your
             Lordships
             .
             
               From
               our
               Court
               at
            
             Westminster
             ,
             August
             —
             1657.
             
          
        
         
           
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             &c.
             To
             the
             City
             of
             Hamborough
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Noble
               ,
               Magnificent
               ,
               and
               Right
               Worshipful
               ,
            
          
           
             
               PHilip
               Meadows
            
             ,
             who
             brings
             these
             Letters
             to
             your
             Lordships
             ,
             is
             to
             Travel
             through
             your
             City
             ,
             with
             the
             Character
             of
             our
             Agent
             ,
             to
             the
             King
             of
             Danemark
             .
             Therefore
             we
             most
             earnestly
             recommend
             him
             to
             your
             Lordships
             ,
             that
             if
             any
             occasion
             should
             happen
             for
             him
             to
             desire
             it
             ,
             you
             would
             be
             ready
             to
             Aid
             him
             with
             your
             Authority
             and
             Assistance
             :
             And
             we
             desire
             that
             this
             our
             Recommendation
             may
             have
             the
             same
             weight
             at
             present
             with
             your
             Lordships
             as
             formerly
             it
             wont
             to
             have
             ;
             nor
             shall
             we
             be
             wanting
             to
             your
             Lordships
             ,
             upon
             the
             same
             Opportunities
             .
             
               From
               our
               Court
               at
            
             White-Hall
             ,
             August
             —
             1657.
             
          
        
         
           
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             &c.
             To
             the
             most
             Sereae
             Prince
             Frederick
             Heir
             of
             Norway
             ,
             Duke
             of
             Sleswic
             ,
             Holsatia
             ,
             and
             Ditmarsh
             ,
             Count
             in
             Oldenburgh
             and
             Delmenhorst
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               Prince
               ,
               our
               dearest
               Friend
               ,
            
          
           
             COllonel
             
               William
               Jepson
            
             ,
             a
             Person
             truly
             Noble
             in
             his
             Countrey
             ,
             and
             a
             Senator
             in
             our
             Parlament
             ,
             is
             sent
             by
             us
             ,
             as
             our
             Envoy
             Extraordinary
             to
             the
             most
             Serene
             King
             of
             Sweden
             ;
             and
             may
             it
             prove
             Happy
             and
             Prosperous
             for
             the
             common
             Peace
             and
             Interests
             of
             Christendome
             .
             We
             have
             given
             him
             Instructions
             ,
             among
             other
             things
             ,
             That
             in
             his
             Journey
             ,
             after
             he
             has
             Kiss'd
             your
             Serenities
             hands
             in
             our
             Name
             ,
             and
             declar'd
             our
             former
             Good-will
             and
             constant
             Zeal
             for
             your
             Welfare
             ,
             to
             request
             of
             your
             Serenity
             also
             ,
             That
             being
             Guarded
             with
             your
             Authority
             ,
             he
             may
             Travel
             with
             Safety
             and
             Convenience
             through
             your
             Territories
             .
             By
             which
             kind
             act
             of
             Civility
             your
             
             Highness
             will
             in
             a
             greater
             measure
             oblige
             us
             to
             returns
             of
             answerable
             Kindness
             .
             
               From
               our
               Court
               at
            
             Westm
             .
             August
             —
             1657.
             
          
        
         
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             &c.
             To
             the
             most
             Serene
             Prince
             ,
             Ferdinand
             Great
             Duke
             of
             Tuscany
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               Great
               Duke
               ,
               our
               dearest
               Friend
               ,
            
          
           
             THE
             Company
             of
             our
             Merchants
             ,
             Trading
             to
             the
             Eastern
             Coasts
             of
             the
             Mediterranean
             Sea
             ,
             by
             their
             Petition
             to
             us
             have
             set
             forth
             ,
             That
             
               William
               Ellis
            
             ,
             Master
             of
             a
             Ship
             call'd
             the
             
               Little
               Lewis
            
             ,
             being
             at
             Alexandria
             in
             Egypt
             ,
             was
             hir'd
             by
             the
             Basha
             of
             Memphis
             ,
             to
             carry
             Rice
             ,
             Sugar
             ,
             and
             Coffee
             ,
             either
             to
             Constantinople
             or
             Smyrna
             ,
             for
             the
             use
             of
             the
             
               Grand
               Seignior
            
             ;
             but
             that
             contrary
             to
             his
             Faith
             and
             Promise
             given
             ,
             he
             bore
             away
             privately
             from
             the
             Ottoman
             Fleet
             ,
             and
             brought
             his
             Ship
             and
             Lading
             to
             Leghorn
             ;
             where
             now
             he
             lives
             in
             Possession
             of
             his
             Prey
             .
             Which
             
             Villanous
             Act
             ,
             being
             of
             dangerous
             Example
             ,
             as
             exposing
             the
             Christian
             Name
             to
             scandal
             ,
             and
             the
             Fortunes
             of
             our
             Merchants
             living
             under
             the
             Turks
             to
             Violence
             and
             Ransack
             ;
             we
             therefore
             make
             it
             our
             request
             to
             your
             Highness
             ,
             That
             you
             will
             give
             Command
             that
             the
             said
             Master
             be
             Apprehended
             and
             Imprison'd
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             Vessel
             and
             Goods
             may
             remain
             under
             seizure
             ,
             till
             we
             shall
             have
             given
             notice
             of
             our
             care
             ,
             for
             the
             restitution
             of
             those
             Goods
             to
             the
             Sultan
             :
             Assuring
             your
             Highness
             of
             our
             readiness
             to
             make
             suitable
             returns
             of
             gratitude
             whenever
             opportunity
             presents
             it self
             .
             
               From
               our
               Court
               at
            
             Westm
             .
             Septemb.
             —
             1657.
             
          
           
             
               Your
               Highness's
               most
               Affectionate
               ,
               Oliver
               Protector
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               of
               England
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
        
         
           
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             &c.
             To
             the
             most
             Serene
             Prince
             ,
             the
             Lord
             Frederic
             William
             Marquiss
             of
             Brandenburgh
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               Prince
               ,
               our
               most
               dear
               Friend
               and
               Confederate
               ,
            
          
           
             BY
             our
             last
             Letters
             to
             your
             Highness
             ,
             either
             already
             or
             shortly
             to
             be
             deliver'd
             by
             our
             Embassador
             
               William
               Jepson
            
             ,
             we
             have
             imparted
             the
             substance
             of
             our
             Embassy
             to
             your
             Highness
             ;
             Which
             we
             could
             not
             do
             without
             some
             mention
             of
             your
             great
             Vertues
             ,
             and
             demonstration
             of
             our
             own
             Good
             will
             and
             Affection
             .
             Nevertheless
             ,
             That
             we
             may
             not
             seem
             too
             superficially
             to
             have
             glided
             over
             your
             transcending
             deservings
             of
             the
             Protestant
             Interests
             ;
             we
             thought
             it
             proper
             to
             resume
             the
             same
             subject
             ,
             and
             pay
             our
             Respect
             and
             Veneration
             ,
             not
             more
             willingly
             ,
             or
             with
             a
             greater
             fervency
             of
             Mind
             ,
             but
             somewhat
             more
             at
             large
             ,
             to
             your
             Highness
             .
             And
             truly
             most
             deservedly
             ,
             when
             
             daily
             Information
             reaches
             our
             ears
             ,
             That
             your
             Faith
             and
             Conscience
             ,
             by
             all
             manner
             of
             Artifices
             Tempted
             and
             Assail'd
             ,
             by
             all
             manner
             of
             Arts
             and
             Devices
             Solicited
             ,
             yet
             cannot
             be
             shaken
             ,
             or
             by
             any
             Violence
             be
             rent
             from
             your
             Friendship
             and
             Alliance
             with
             a
             most
             Magnanimous
             Prince
             and
             your
             Confederate
             :
             And
             this
             ,
             when
             the
             Affairs
             of
             the
             Swedes
             are
             now
             reduc'd
             to
             that
             condition
             ,
             that
             in
             adhering
             to
             their
             Alliance
             ,
             't
             is
             manifest
             that
             your
             Highness
             rather
             consults
             the
             common
             Cause
             of
             the
             Reformed
             Religion
             ,
             then
             your
             own
             Advantage
             .
             And
             when
             your
             Highness
             is
             almost
             surrounded
             and
             besieg'd
             by
             Enemies
             ,
             either
             privately
             lurking
             ,
             or
             almost
             at
             your
             Gates
             ;
             yet
             such
             is
             your
             Constancy
             and
             Resolution
             of
             Mind
             ,
             such
             your
             Conduct
             and
             Prowess
             becoming
             a
             great
             General
             ,
             that
             the
             burthen
             and
             massy
             bulk
             of
             the
             whole
             Affair
             ,
             and
             the
             event
             of
             this
             important
             War
             ,
             seems
             to
             rest
             and
             depend
             upon
             your
             sole
             determination
             .
             
             Wherefore
             your
             Highness
             has
             no
             reason
             to
             question
             but
             that
             you
             may
             rely
             upon
             our
             Friendship
             and
             unfeigned
             Affection
             ;
             who
             should
             think
             our selves
             worthy
             to
             be
             forsaken
             of
             all
             men's
             Good
             word
             ,
             should
             we
             seem
             careless
             in
             the
             least
             of
             your
             unblemish'd
             Fidelity
             ,
             your
             Constancy
             ,
             and
             the
             rest
             of
             your
             applauded
             Vertues
             ,
             or
             should
             we
             pay
             less
             respect
             to
             your
             Highness
             upon
             the
             common
             score
             of
             Religion
             .
             As
             to
             those
             matters
             propounded
             by
             the
             most
             Accomplish'd
             
               John
               Frederic
               Schlever
            
             ,
             your
             Counsellor
             and
             Agent
             here
             residing
             ,
             if
             hitherto
             we
             could
             not
             return
             an
             Answer
             ,
             such
             as
             we
             desir'd
             to
             do
             ,
             though
             with
             all
             assiduity
             and
             diligence
             labour'd
             by
             your
             Agent
             ;
             we
             intreat
             your
             Highness
             to
             impute
             it
             to
             the
             present
             condition
             of
             our
             Affairs
             ,
             and
             to
             be
             assur'd
             ,
             that
             there
             is
             nothing
             which
             we
             account
             more
             sacred
             ,
             or
             more
             earnestly
             desire
             ,
             then
             to
             be
             serviceable
             and
             assisting
             to
             your
             Interests
             ,
             so
             bound
             up
             with
             the
             Cause
             of
             
             Religion
             .
             In
             the
             mean
             time
             we
             beseech
             the
             God
             of
             Mercy
             and
             Power
             ,
             that
             so
             signal
             a
             Prowess
             and
             Fortitude
             may
             never
             languish
             or
             be
             oppress'd
             ,
             nor
             be
             depriv'd
             the
             Fruit
             and
             due
             Applause
             of
             all
             your
             Pious
             Undertakings
             .
             
               From
               our
               Court
               at
            
             Westminster
             ,
             September
             —
             1657.
             
          
           
             
               Your
               Highness's
               most
               Affectionate
               ,
               Oliver
               Protector
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               of
               England
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
        
         
           
             To
             the
             most
             Excellent
             Lord
             ,
             M.
             d.
             〈◊〉
             ,
             Extraordinary
             Embassador
             from
             the
             most
             Serene
             King
             of
             France
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Excellent
               Lord
               ,
            
          
           
             
               LVcas
               Lucie
            
             Merchant
             of
             London
             ,
             has
             made
             his
             Complaint
             to
             the
             most
             Serene
             Lord
             Protector
             ,
             concerning
             a
             certain
             Ship
             of
             his
             ,
             call'd
             the
             Mary
             ;
             which
             in
             her
             Voyage
             from
             Ireland
             to
             Bayonne
             ,
             being
             driven
             by
             Tempest
             into
             the
             Port
             of
             
               St.
               John
               de
               Luz
            
             ,
             was
             there
             detain'd
             by
             vertue
             of
             an
             Arrest
             ,
             at
             the
             Suit
             of
             one
             
               Martin
               de
               Lazan
            
             ;
             nor
             could
             she
             be
             
             discharg'd
             till
             the
             Merchants
             had
             given
             security
             to
             stand
             a
             Tryal
             for
             the
             Property
             of
             the
             said
             Ship
             and
             Lading
             .
             For
             Martin
             pretended
             to
             have
             a
             great
             Sum
             of
             Money
             owing
             to
             him
             by
             the
             Parlament
             for
             several
             Goods
             of
             his
             which
             in
             the
             year
             1642.
             were
             Seiz'd
             by
             Authority
             of
             Parlament
             ▪
             in
             a
             〈◊〉
             Ship
             call'd
             the
             Santa
             Clar●●…
             〈◊〉
             in
             manifest
             ,
             That
             Martin
             〈…〉
             the
             Owner
             of
             the
             said
             〈…〉
             that
             he
             Prosecuted
             the
             〈…〉
             Owners
             Richard
             and
             〈…〉
             with
             his
             Pa●●ner
             ,
             whole
             〈◊〉
             was
             
               Antonio
               Fernandez
            
             ;
             and
             that
             upon
             the
             said
             Mar●●n
             and
             
             Antonio's
             falling
             out
             among
             themselves
             ,
             the
             Parlament
             Decreed
             that
             the
             said
             Goods
             should
             be
             stop'd
             till
             the
             Law
             should
             decide
             to
             which
             of
             the
             two
             they
             were
             to
             be
             restor'd
             .
             Upon
             this
             ,
             Antony
             was
             desirous
             that
             the
             Action
             should
             proceed
             ;
             on
             the
             other
             side
             ,
             neither
             Martin
             ,
             nor
             any
             body
             for
             him
             ,
             has
             hitherto
             appear'd
             in
             Court
             :
             All
             which
             is
             evidently
             apparent
             
             by
             
             Luca's
             Petition
             hereto
             annex'd
             .
             So
             that
             it
             seems
             most
             unreasonable
             ,
             That
             he
             who
             refus'd
             to
             try
             his
             pretended
             Title
             with
             Antonio
             ,
             to
             other
             mens
             Goods
             ,
             in
             our
             own
             Courts
             ,
             should
             compel
             our
             People
             and
             the
             true
             Owners
             to
             go
             to
             Law
             for
             their
             own
             in
             a
             Foreign
             Dominion
             .
             And
             that
             the
             same
             is
             apparent
             to
             your
             Excellency's
             Equity
             and
             Prudence
             ,
             the
             most
             Serene
             Lord
             Protector
             makes
             no
             question
             ;
             by
             whom
             I
             am
             therefore
             commanded
             in
             a
             particular
             manner
             to
             recommend
             this
             fair
             and
             honest
             Cause
             of
             
               Lucas
               Lucy
            
             to
             your
             Excellency's
             consideration
             ;
             to
             the
             end
             that
             Martin
             ,
             who
             neglects
             to
             try
             his
             pretended
             Right
             here
             ,
             may
             not
             under
             that
             pretence
             have
             an
             opportunity
             in
             the
             French
             Dominions
             to
             deprive
             others
             of
             their
             Rightful
             claims
             .
          
           
             
               Westm
               .
               
                 Octob.
                 —
                 1657.
                 
              
            
             
               Your
               Excellency's
               most
               Affectionate
            
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonweolth
             of
             England
             ,
             &c.
             To
             the
             most
             Serene
             Duke
             ,
             and
             Senate
             of
             the
             Republick
             of
             Venice
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               Duke
               and
               Senate
               ,
               our
               dearest
               Friends
               ,
            
          
           
             SO
             numerous
             are
             the
             Tydings
             brought
             us
             of
             your
             fortunate
             Successes
             against
             the
             Turks
             ,
             that
             there
             is
             nothing
             wherein
             we
             have
             more
             frequent
             occasion
             to
             employ
             our
             Pens
             ,
             then
             in
             Congratulating
             your
             Serenities
             for
             some
             signal
             Victory
             .
             For
             this
             so
             recently
             obtain'd
             ,
             we
             give
             ye
             Joy
             ,
             as
             being
             not
             onely
             most
             Auspicious
             and
             Seasonable
             to
             your
             Republick
             ,
             but
             which
             is
             more
             Glorious
             ,
             so
             greatly
             tending
             to
             the
             Deliverance
             of
             all
             the
             Christians
             groaning
             under
             Turkish
             Servitude
             .
             More
             particularly
             we
             recommend
             to
             your
             Serenity
             and
             the
             
               Senate
               Thomas
               Galily
            
             ,
             formerly
             Master
             of
             the
             Ship
             call'd
             the
             Relief
             ,
             who
             for
             these
             Five
             years
             together
             has
             bin
             a
             Slave
             ;
             tho
             this
             be
             not
             the
             first
             time
             we
             have
             interceded
             in
             his
             behalf
             ;
             yet
             now
             we
             do
             it
             the
             
             more
             freely
             ,
             as
             in
             a
             time
             of
             more
             then
             ordinary
             Exultation
             .
             He
             ,
             having
             receiv'd
             your
             Commands
             to
             serve
             your
             Republick
             with
             his
             Ship
             ,
             and
             Engaging
             alone
             with
             several
             of
             the
             Enemies
             Gallies
             ,
             Sunk
             some
             ,
             and
             made
             a
             great
             havock
             among
             the
             rest
             ;
             but
             at
             length
             his
             Ship
             being
             Burnt
             ,
             the
             Brave
             Commander
             ,
             and
             so
             well
             deserving
             of
             the
             Venetian
             Republick
             ,
             was
             taken
             ,
             and
             ever
             since
             for
             Five
             years
             together
             ,
             has
             endur'd
             a
             miserable
             Bondage
             under
             the
             Barbarians
             .
             To
             redeem
             himself
             he
             had
             not
             wherewithall
             ;
             for
             whatsoever
             he
             had
             ,
             that
             he
             makes
             out
             ,
             was
             owing
             to
             him
             by
             your
             Highness
             and
             the
             Senate
             ,
             upon
             the
             account
             either
             of
             his
             Ship
             ,
             his
             Goods
             ,
             or
             for
             his
             Wages
             .
             Now
             in
             regard
             he
             may
             not
             want
             Relief
             ,
             and
             for
             that
             the
             Enemy
             refuses
             to
             discharge
             him
             upon
             any
             other
             condition
             ,
             then
             by
             exchange
             of
             some
             other
             person
             of
             equal
             value
             and
             reputation
             to
             himself
             ,
             we
             most
             earnestly
             intreat
             your
             Highness
             and
             the
             most
             Serene
             
             Senate
             ,
             and
             the
             Afflicted
             Old
             man
             ,
             Father
             of
             the
             said
             Thomas
             ,
             full
             of
             Grief
             and
             Tears
             ,
             which
             not
             a
             little
             mov'd
             us
             ,
             by
             our
             Intercession
             begs
             ,
             That
             in
             regard
             so
             many
             prosperous
             Combats
             have
             made
             ye
             Masters
             of
             so
             many
             Turkish
             Prisoners
             ,
             you
             will
             exchange
             some
             one
             of
             their
             Number
             ,
             whom
             the
             Enemy
             will
             accept
             for
             so
             stout
             a
             Seaman
             taken
             in
             your
             Service
             ,
             our
             Countreyman
             ,
             and
             the
             onely
             Son
             of
             a
             most
             sorrowful
             Father
             .
             Lastly
             ,
             That
             whatsoever
             is
             due
             to
             him
             from
             the
             Republick
             ,
             upon
             the
             score
             of
             Wages
             ,
             or
             upon
             any
             other
             account
             ,
             you
             will
             take
             care
             to
             see
             it
             paid
             to
             his
             Father
             ,
             or
             to
             whom
             he
             shall
             appoint
             to
             receive
             it
             .
             The
             effect
             of
             our
             first
             request
             ,
             or
             rather
             of
             your
             Equity
             was
             this
             ,
             that
             the
             whole
             matter
             was
             examin'd
             ,
             and
             upon
             an
             exact
             stating
             of
             the
             accounts
             the
             Debt
             was
             agreed
             ;
             but
             perhaps
             by
             reason
             of
             more
             important
             business
             intervening
             ,
             no
             payment
             ensu'd
             upon
             it
             ▪
             Now
             the
             condition
             of
             the
             
             miserable
             Creature
             admits
             of
             no
             longer
             delay
             ;
             and
             therefore
             some
             endeavour
             must
             be
             us'd
             ,
             if
             it
             be
             worth
             your
             while
             to
             desire
             his
             wellfare
             ,
             that
             he
             may
             speedily
             be
             deliver'd
             from
             the
             noysome
             Stench
             of
             Imprisonment
             .
             Which
             ,
             as
             you
             flourish
             no
             less
             in
             Justice
             ,
             Moderation
             and
             Prudence
             ,
             then
             in
             Military
             Fame
             and
             Victorious
             Success
             ,
             we
             are
             confident
             you
             will
             see
             done
             ,
             of
             your
             own
             innate
             Humanity
             and
             Free
             will
             ,
             without
             any
             hesitation
             ,
             without
             any
             incitement
             of
             ours
             .
             Now
             that
             ye
             may
             long
             flourish
             ,
             after
             a
             most
             Potent
             Enemy
             subdu'd
             ,
             our
             daily
             Prayers
             implore
             of
             the
             Almighty
             .
             
               From
               our
               Court
               at
            
             Westminster
             ,
             October
             —
             1657.
             
          
           
             
               Your
               Highnesses
               most
               Affectionate
               ,
               Oliver
               Protector
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               of
               England
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
        
         
           
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             &c.
             To
             the
             High
             and
             Mighty
             Lords
             ,
             the
             States
             of
             the
             United
             Provinces
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               High
               and
               Mighty
               Lords
               ,
               our
               dearest
               Friends
               and
               Confederates
               ,
            
          
           
             THE
             most
             Illustrious
             
               William
               Nuport
            
             ,
             your
             Extraordinary
             Embassador
             for
             some
             years
             residing
             with
             us
             ,
             is
             now
             returning
             to
             your
             Lordships
             ;
             but
             with
             this
             condition
             ,
             That
             after
             this
             respit
             obtain'd
             from
             your
             Lordships
             ,
             he
             shall
             return
             again
             in
             a
             short
             time
             .
             For
             he
             has
             remain'd
             among
             us
             ,
             in
             the
             discharge
             of
             his
             Trust
             ,
             with
             that
             Fidelity
             ,
             Vigilance
             ,
             Prudence
             and
             Equity
             ,
             that
             neither
             you
             nor
             we
             could
             desire
             greater
             Vertue
             and
             Probity
             in
             an
             Embassador
             ,
             and
             a
             Person
             of
             unblemished
             Reputation
             ;
             with
             those
             inclinations
             and
             endeavours
             to
             preserve
             Peace
             and
             Friendship
             between
             us
             ,
             without
             any
             fraud
             or
             dissimulation
             ,
             that
             while
             he
             officiates
             the
             duty
             of
             
             your
             Embassador
             ,
             we
             do
             not
             find
             what
             occasion
             of
             scruple
             or
             offence
             can
             arise
             in
             either
             Nation
             .
             And
             we
             should
             brook
             his
             departue
             with
             so
             much
             the
             more
             anxiety
             of
             mind
             ,
             considering
             the
             present
             juncture
             of
             times
             and
             affairs
             ,
             were
             we
             not
             assur'd
             ,
             that
             no
             man
             can
             better
             or
             more
             faithfully
             declare
             and
             represent
             to
             your
             Lordships
             ,
             either
             the
             present
             condition
             of
             Affairs
             ,
             or
             our
             Good-will
             and
             Affection
             to
             your
             Government
             .
             Being
             therefore
             every
             way
             so
             excellent
             a
             Person
             ,
             and
             so
             well
             deserving
             both
             of
             yours
             and
             our
             Republick
             ,
             we
             request
             your
             Lordships
             to
             receive
             him
             returning
             ,
             such
             as
             we
             unwillingly
             dismiss
             him
             ,
             laden
             with
             the
             real
             Testimonials
             of
             our
             Applauses
             .
             Almighty
             God
             grant
             all
             Prosperity
             to
             your
             Affairs
             and
             perpetuate
             our
             Friendship
             ,
             to
             his
             Glory
             ,
             and
             the
             support
             of
             his
             Orthodox
             Church
             .
          
           
             
               
                 From
                 our
                 Court
                 at
              
               Westminster
               
                 November
                 —
                 1657.
                 
              
            
             
               Your
               High
               and
               Mightinesses
               most
               devoted
               .
            
          
        
         
           
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             &c.
             To
             the
             High
             and
             Mighty
             Lords
             the
             States
             of
             the
             United
             Provinces
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               High
               and
               Mighty
               Lords
               ,
               our
               dearest
               Friends
               and
               Confederates
               ,
            
          
           
             
               GEorge
               Downing
            
             is
             a
             Person
             of
             Eminent
             Quality
             ,
             and
             after
             a
             long
             trial
             of
             his
             Fidelity
             ,
             Probity
             and
             Diligence
             ,
             in
             several
             and
             various
             Negotiations
             ,
             well
             approv'd
             and
             valu'd
             by
             us
             .
             Him
             we
             have
             thought
             fitting
             to
             send
             to
             your
             Lordships
             ,
             dignify'd
             with
             the
             Character
             of
             our
             Agent
             ,
             and
             amply
             furnish'd
             with
             our
             Instructions
             .
             We
             therefore
             desire
             your
             Lordship
             to
             receive
             him
             kindly
             ,
             and
             that
             so
             often
             as
             he
             shall
             signify
             that
             he
             has
             any
             thing
             to
             impart
             in
             our
             Name
             to
             your
             Lordships
             ,
             you
             will
             admit
             him
             free
             Audience
             ,
             and
             give
             the
             same
             Credit
             to
             him
             ,
             and
             entrust
             him
             with
             whatsoever
             you
             have
             to
             communicate
             to
             us
             :
             which
             you
             may
             safely
             do
             ,
             as
             if
             our selves
             were
             personally
             present
             .
             And
             so
             we
             beseech
             Almighty
             
             God
             to
             bless
             your
             Lordships
             ,
             and
             your
             Republick
             with
             all
             prosperity
             ,
             to
             the
             Glory
             of
             God
             ,
             and
             the
             Support
             of
             his
             Church
             .
             
               From
               our
               Court
               at
            
             White-Hall
             ,
             Decemb.
             —
             1657.
             
          
           
             
               Your
               High
               and
               Mightinesses
               most
               Affectionate
               Oliver
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
        
         
           
             To
             the
             States
             of
             Holland
             .
          
           
             THere
             being
             an
             Alliance
             between
             our
             Republick
             and
             yours
             ,
             and
             those
             Affairs
             to
             be
             transacted
             on
             both
             sides
             ,
             that
             without
             an
             Agent
             and
             Interpreter
             ,
             sent
             either
             by
             your selves
             ,
             or
             from
             us
             ,
             matters
             of
             such
             great
             moment
             can
             hardly
             be
             adjusted
             to
             the
             advantage
             of
             both
             Nations
             ,
             we
             thought
             it
             conducing
             to
             the
             common
             good
             of
             both
             Republicks
             to
             send
             
               Geroge
               Downing
            
             ,
             a
             Person
             of
             Eminent
             Quality
             ,
             and
             long
             in
             our
             knowledge
             and
             esteem
             for
             his
             undoubted
             Fidelity
             ,
             Probity
             and
             Diligence
             ,
             in
             many
             and
             various
             Negotiations
             ,
             dignifi'd
             with
             the
             Character
             of
             our
             Agent
             ,
             to
             
             reside
             with
             your
             Lordships
             ,
             and
             chiefly
             to
             take
             care
             of
             those
             things
             ,
             by
             which
             the
             Peace
             between
             us
             may
             be
             preserv'd
             entire
             and
             diuturnal
             .
             Concerning
             which
             we
             have
             not
             onely
             written
             to
             the
             States
             ,
             but
             also
             thought
             it
             requisite
             to
             give
             notice
             also
             of
             the
             same
             to
             your
             Lordships
             ,
             Supreme
             in
             the
             Government
             of
             your
             Province
             ,
             and
             who
             make
             so
             considerable
             a
             Part
             of
             the
             
               Vnited
               Provinces
            
             ;
             to
             the
             end
             you
             may
             give
             that
             reception
             to
             our
             Resident
             which
             becomes
             him
             ,
             and
             that
             whatever
             he
             Transacts
             with
             your
             
               High
               and
               Mighty
               States
            
             ,
             you
             may
             assure
             your selves
             shall
             be
             as
             firm
             and
             irrevocable
             ,
             as
             if
             our selves
             had
             bin
             present
             in
             the
             Negotiation
             .
             Now
             the
             most
             Merciful
             God
             direct
             all
             your
             Counsels
             and
             Actions
             to
             his
             Glory
             and
             the
             Peace
             of
             his
             Church
             .
             Westm
             .
             Decemb.
             —
             1657.
             
          
        
         
           
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             &c.
             to
             the
             most
             Serene
             Prince
             ,
             Ferdinand
             Great
             Duke
             of
             Tuscany
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               Great
               Duke
               ,
               our
               much
               Honour'd
               Friend
               ,
            
          
           
             YOur
             Highness's
             Letters
             ,
             bearing
             date
             from
             Florence
             the
             10th
             .
             of
             Novemb.
             gave
             us
             no
             small
             occasion
             of
             content
             and
             satisfaction
             ;
             finding
             therein
             your
             Good
             will
             toward
             us
             ,
             so
             much
             the
             more
             conspicuous
             ,
             by
             how
             much
             Deeds
             then
             Words
             ,
             Performances
             then
             Promises
             ,
             are
             the
             more
             certain
             marks
             of
             a
             cordial
             Affection
             .
             For
             what
             we
             requested
             of
             your
             Highness
             ,
             That
             you
             would
             command
             the
             Master
             of
             the
             
               Little
               Lewis
               ,
               William
               Ellis
            
             ,
             who
             most
             ignominiously
             broke
             his
             Faith
             with
             the
             Turks
             ,
             and
             the
             Ship
             and
             Goods
             to
             be
             Seiz'd
             and
             Detain'd
             ,
             till
             Restitution
             should
             be
             made
             to
             the
             Turks
             ,
             least
             the
             Cnristian
             Name
             should
             receive
             any
             Blemish
             by
             Thieveries
             of
             the
             like
             nature
             ;
             all
             those
             things
             ,
             and
             that
             too
             with
             an
             extraordinary
             zeal
             ,
             
             as
             we
             most
             gladly
             understood
             before
             ,
             your
             Highness
             writes
             that
             you
             have
             seen
             diligently
             perform'd
             .
             We
             therefore
             return
             our
             Thanks
             for
             the
             kindness
             receiv'd
             ,
             and
             make
             it
             our
             farther
             request
             ,
             That
             when
             the
             Merchants
             have
             given
             security
             to
             satisfie
             the
             Turks
             ,
             the
             Master
             may
             be
             discharg'd
             ,
             and
             the
             Ship
             ,
             together
             with
             her
             Lading
             ,
             be
             forthwith
             dismis'd
             ,
             to
             the
             end
             we
             may
             not
             seem
             to
             have
             had
             more
             care
             perhaps
             of
             the
             Turks
             Interest
             ,
             then
             our
             own
             Countreymen
             .
             In
             the
             mean
             time
             we
             take
             so
             kindly
             this
             surpassing
             favour
             done
             us
             by
             your
             Highness
             ,
             and
             most
             acceptable
             to
             us
             ,
             that
             we
             should
             not
             refuse
             to
             be
             branded
             with
             ingratitude
             ,
             if
             we
             should
             not
             ardently
             desire
             a
             speedy
             opportunity
             ,
             with
             the
             same
             promptitude
             of
             Mind
             ,
             to
             gratifie
             your
             Highness
             ,
             whereby
             we
             might
             be
             enabl'd
             to
             demonstrate
             our
             readiness
             to
             return
             the
             same
             good
             offices
             to
             so
             noble
             a
             Benefactor
             upon
             
             all
             occasions
             .
             
               From
               our
               Court
               at
            
             Westm
             .
             Decemb.
             —
             1657.
             
          
           
             
               Your
               Highnesses
               most
               Affectionate
               ,
               Oliver
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
        
         
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             &c.
             To
             the
             most
             Serene
             and
             Potent
             Prince
             ,
             Charles
             Gustavus
             ,
             King
             of
             the
             Swedes
             ,
             Goths
             ,
             and
             Vandals
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               and
               Potent
               Prince
               ,
               our
               most
               Invincible
               Friend
               and
               Confederate
               ,
            
          
           
             BY
             your
             Majesty's
             Letters
             ,
             dated
             the
             21st
             .
             Of
             February
             from
             your
             Camp
             in
             Seland
             ,
             we
             found
             many
             reasons
             to
             be
             affected
             with
             no
             small
             joy
             ,
             as
             well
             for
             our
             own
             particular
             ,
             as
             in
             regard
             of
             the
             whole
             Christian
             Republick
             in
             general
             .
             In
             the
             first
             place
             ,
             because
             the
             King
             of
             Danemark
             ,
             being
             become
             an
             Enemy
             ,
             not
             induc'd
             thereto
             ,
             as
             we
             are
             apt
             to
             believe
             ,
             by
             his
             own
             Inclinations
             or
             Interests
             ,
             but
             deluded
             by
             the
             Artifices
             of
             our
             common
             Adversaries
             ,
             is
             reduc'd
             to
             that
             condition
             by
             your
             sudden
             irruption
             into
             the
             very
             heart
             of
             
             his
             Kingdom
             ,
             with
             very
             little
             blood
             shed
             on
             either
             side
             ,
             that
             what
             was
             really
             true
             ,
             he
             will
             at
             length
             be
             perswaded
             that
             Peace
             would
             have
             bin
             more
             beneficial
             to
             him
             ,
             then
             the
             War
             which
             he
             has
             enter'd
             into
             against
             your
             Majesty
             .
             Then
             again
             ,
             when
             he
             shall
             consider
             with
             himself
             ,
             that
             he
             cannot
             obtain
             it
             by
             any
             more
             speedy
             means
             ,
             then
             by
             making
             use
             of
             our
             Assistance
             long
             since
             offer'd
             him
             to
             procure
             a
             Reconciliation
             ,
             in
             regard
             your
             Majesty
             so
             readily
             intreated
             by
             the
             Letters
             onely
             ,
             deliver'd
             by
             our
             Agent
             ,
             by
             such
             an
             easy
             concession
             of
             Peace
             ,
             most
             clearly
             made
             it
             apparent
             how
             highly
             you
             esteem'd
             the
             Intercession
             of
             our
             Friendship
             ,
             he
             will
             certainly
             apply
             himself
             to
             us
             ;
             and
             then
             our
             Interposition
             in
             so
             Pious
             a
             work
             ,
             will
             chiefly
             require
             ,
             that
             we
             should
             be
             the
             sole
             Reconciler
             and
             almost
             Author
             of
             that
             Peace
             ,
             so
             beneficial
             to
             the
             Interests
             of
             the
             Protestants
             ;
             which
             ,
             as
             we
             hope
             ,
             will
             suddenly
             be
             accomplish'd
             .
             For
             when
             
             the
             Enemies
             of
             Religion
             shall
             despair
             of
             breaking
             your
             United
             Forces
             by
             any
             other
             means
             then
             setting
             both
             your
             Majesties
             at
             variance
             ,
             then
             their
             own
             fears
             will
             overtake
             'em
             ,
             lest
             this
             unexpected
             Conjunction
             ,
             which
             we
             ardently
             desire
             ,
             of
             your
             Arms
             and
             Minds
             ,
             should
             turn
             to
             the
             destruction
             of
             them
             that
             were
             the
             Kindlers
             of
             the
             War.
             In
             the
             mean
             time
             ,
             most
             Magnanimous
             King
             ,
             may
             your
             Prowess
             go
             on
             and
             prosper
             ;
             and
             the
             same
             felicity
             which
             the
             Enemies
             of
             the
             Church
             have
             admir'd
             in
             the
             Progress
             of
             your
             Atchievements
             ,
             and
             the
             steady
             Careir
             of
             your
             Victories
             ,
             against
             a
             Prince
             ,
             now
             your
             Confederate
             ,
             the
             same
             ,
             by
             God's
             assistance
             ,
             may
             you
             enforce
             'em
             to
             behold
             once
             more
             in
             their
             subversion
             .
             
               From
               our
               Palace
               at
            
             Westminster
             ,
             
               March
               30.
               1658.
               
            
          
        
         
           
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             &c.
             To
             the
             most
             Serene
             Prince
             Ferdinand
             ,
             Great
             Duke
             of
             Tuscany
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               Prince
               ,
            
          
           
             THE
             Answer
             which
             we
             have
             given
             to
             your
             Agent
             here
             residing
             ,
             we
             believe
             ,
             will
             fully
             satisfy
             your
             Highness
             ,
             as
             to
             our
             Admiral
             ,
             who
             but
             lately
             put
             into
             your
             Ports
             .
             In
             the
             mean
             time
             ,
             
               John
               Hosier
            
             ,
             Master
             of
             a
             Ship
             ,
             call'd
             the
             Owner
             ,
             has
             set
             forth
             in
             a
             Petition
             to
             us
             ,
             that
             in
             
               April
               ,
               1656.
            
             he
             hir'd
             out
             his
             Ship
             ,
             by
             a
             Charter-party
             Agreement
             ,
             to
             one
             
               Joseph
               Arman
            
             ,
             an
             Italian
             ,
             who
             manifestly
             broke
             all
             the
             Covenants
             therein
             contain'd
             ;
             so
             that
             he
             was
             enforc'd
             ,
             lest
             he
             should
             lose
             his
             Ship
             and
             Lading
             ,
             together
             with
             his
             whole
             Principal
             Stock
             ,
             openly
             to
             set
             forth
             the
             fraud
             of
             his
             Freighter
             ,
             after
             the
             manner
             of
             Merchants
             ;
             and
             when
             he
             had
             caus'd
             it
             to
             be
             register'd
             by
             a
             Publick
             Notary
             ,
             to
             sue
             him
             at
             
               Leghorne
               .
               Joseph
            
             ,
             on
             the
             other
             side
             ,
             
             that
             he
             might
             make
             good
             one
             Fraud
             by
             another
             ,
             combining
             with
             two
             other
             Litigious
             Traders
             ,
             upon
             a
             faign'd
             Pretence
             ,
             by
             Perjury
             ,
             seiz'd
             upon
             Six
             thousand
             
               Pieces
               of
               Eight
            
             ,
             the
             Money
             of
             one
             
               Thomas
               Clutterbuck
            
             .
             But
             as
             for
             his
             part
             ,
             the
             said
             Hosier
             ,
             after
             great
             Expences
             and
             loss
             of
             time
             ,
             could
             never
             obtain
             his
             Right
             and
             Due
             at
             Leghorn
             :
             Nor
             durst
             he
             there
             appear
             in
             Court
             ,
             being
             threaten'd
             as
             he
             was
             ,
             and
             way-lay'd
             by
             his
             Adversaries
             :
             We
             therefore
             request
             your
             Highness
             ,
             that
             you
             would
             vouchsafe
             your
             Assistance
             to
             this
             poor
             Opprest
             Man
             ,
             and
             according
             to
             your
             wonted
             Justice
             ,
             restrain
             the
             Insolence
             of
             his
             Adversary
             .
             For
             in
             vain
             are
             Laws
             ordain'd
             for
             the
             government
             of
             Cities
             by
             the
             Authority
             of
             Princes
             ,
             if
             Wrong
             and
             Violence
             ,
             when
             they
             cannot
             abrogate
             ,
             shall
             be
             able
             by
             Threats
             and
             Terror
             to
             frustrate
             the
             Refuge
             and
             Sanctuary
             of
             the
             Laws
             .
             However
             ,
             we
             make
             no
             doubt
             ,
             but
             that
             your
             Highness
             will
             speedily
             take
             care
             to
             
             punish
             a
             daring
             Boldness
             of
             this
             nature
             ;
             beseeching
             Almighty
             God
             to
             bless
             your
             Highness
             with
             Peace
             and
             Prosperity
             .
             
               From
               our
               Court
               at
            
             Westminster
             ,
             April
             7.
             1658.
             
          
        
         
           
             To
             the
             most
             Serene
             and
             Potent
             Prince
             Lewis
             ,
             King
             of
             France
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               and
               Potent
               King
               ,
               and
               most
               August
               Friend
               and
               Confederate
               ,
            
          
           
             YOUR
             Majesty
             may
             call
             to
             mind
             ,
             that
             at
             the
             same
             time
             ,
             when
             the
             renewing
             the
             League
             between
             us
             was
             in
             agitation
             ,
             and
             no
             less
             auspiciously
             concluded
             ,
             as
             the
             many
             Advantages
             from
             thence
             accrewing
             to
             both
             Nations
             ,
             and
             the
             many
             Annoyances
             thence
             attending
             the
             Common
             Enemy
             ,
             sufficiently
             testify
             ,
             those
             dreadful
             Butcheries
             befel
             the
             Piedmontois
             ,
             and
             that
             we
             recommended
             with
             great
             fervency
             of
             mind
             and
             compassion
             ,
             their
             Cause
             on
             all
             sides
             forsaken
             and
             afflicted
             ,
             to
             your
             Commiseration
             and
             Protection
             .
             
             Nor
             do
             we
             believe
             ,
             that
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             of
             your self
             ,
             was
             wanting
             in
             a
             Duty
             so
             pious
             ,
             that
             we
             may
             not
             say
             ,
             beseeming
             Common
             humanity
             ,
             as
             far
             as
             your
             Authority
             ,
             and
             the
             Veneration
             due
             to
             your
             Person
             ,
             could
             prevail
             with
             the
             Duke
             of
             Savoy
             .
             Certain
             we
             are
             ,
             that
             neither
             our selves
             ,
             nor
             many
             other
             Princes
             and
             Cities
             were
             wanting
             in
             our
             Performances
             ,
             by
             the
             Interposition
             of
             Embassies
             ,
             Letters
             ,
             aud
             Intreaties
             .
             After
             a
             most
             bloody
             Butchery
             of
             both
             Sexes
             ,
             and
             all
             Ages
             ,
             at
             length
             Peace
             was
             granted
             ,
             or
             rather
             a
             certain
             Clandestine
             Hostility
             cover'd
             over
             with
             the
             name
             of
             Peace
             .
             The
             Conditions
             of
             Peace
             were
             agreed
             in
             your
             Town
             of
             Pignerol
             ;
             severe
             and
             hard
             ;
             but
             such
             ,
             as
             those
             miserable
             and
             indigent
             Creatures
             ,
             after
             they
             had
             suffer'd
             all
             that
             could
             be
             endur'd
             that
             was
             oppressive
             and
             barbarous
             ,
             would
             have
             been
             glad
             of
             ,
             had
             they
             been
             but
             observ'd
             ,
             as
             hard
             and
             unjust
             as
             they
             were
             .
             But
             by
             false
             Constructions
             ,
             
             and
             various
             Evasions
             ,
             the
             Assurances
             of
             all
             these
             Articles
             are
             eluded
             and
             violated
             :
             Many
             are
             thrust
             out
             from
             their
             ancient
             Abodes
             ;
             many
             are
             forbid
             the
             Exercise
             of
             their
             Religion
             ;
             new
             Tributes
             are
             exacted
             ;
             a
             new
             Citadel
             is
             impos'd
             upon
             them
             ;
             from
             whence
             the
             Soldiers
             frequently
             making
             Excursions
             ,
             either
             plunder
             or
             murther
             all
             they
             meet
             .
             Add
             to
             all
             this
             ,
             That
             new
             Levies
             are
             privately
             preparing
             against
             'em
             ;
             and
             all
             that
             embrace
             the
             
               Protestant
               Religion
            
             are
             commanded
             to
             depart
             by
             a
             prefix'd
             day
             ;
             so
             that
             all
             things
             seem
             to
             threaten
             the
             utter
             extermination
             of
             those
             deplorable
             Wretches
             ,
             whom
             the
             former
             Massaker
             spar'd
             .
             Which
             I
             most
             earnestly
             beseech
             and
             conjure
             ye
             ,
             
               Most
               Christian
               King
            
             ,
             by
             
               that
               RIGHT
               HAND
               ,
               which
               sign'd
               the
               League
            
             and
             Friendship
             between
             us
             ,
             by
             
               that
               same
               goodly
               Ornament
               of
               your
               Title
               of
               MOST
               CHRISTIAN
               ,
            
             by
             no
             means
             to
             suffer
             ;
             nor
             to
             permit
             such
             liberty
             of
             Rage
             and
             Fury
             uncontroul'd
             ,
             we
             will
             
             not
             say
             ,
             in
             any
             Prince
             ,
             (
             for
             certainly
             such
             barbarous
             Severity
             could
             never
             enter
             the
             breast
             of
             any
             Prince
             ,
             much
             less
             so
             tender
             in
             years
             ,
             nor
             into
             the
             female
             thoughts
             of
             his
             Mother
             )
             but
             in
             those
             sanctifi'd
             Cut-throats
             ,
             who
             professing
             themselves
             to
             be
             the
             Servants
             and
             Disciples
             of
             our
             Saviour
             Christ
             ,
             who
             came
             into
             this
             World
             to
             save
             Sinners
             ,
             abuse
             his
             meek
             and
             peaceful
             Name
             and
             Precepts
             to
             the
             most
             cruel
             slaughter
             of
             the
             Innocent
             .
             Rescue
             you
             that
             are
             able
             ,
             in
             your
             towring
             Station
             worthy
             to
             be
             able
             ,
             rescue
             so
             many
             Suppliants
             prostrate
             at
             your
             feet
             ,
             from
             the
             hands
             of
             Ruffians
             ,
             who
             lately
             drunk
             with
             Blood
             ,
             again
             thirst
             after
             it
             ,
             and
             think
             it
             their
             safest
             way
             to
             throw
             the
             Odium
             of
             their
             Cruelty
             upon
             Princes
             .
             But
             as
             for
             you
             ,
             great
             Prince
             ,
             suffer
             not
             ,
             while
             you
             reign
             ,
             your
             Titles
             ,
             nor
             the
             Confines
             of
             your
             Kingdom
             ,
             to
             be
             contaminated
             with
             this
             same
             Heaven-offending
             Scandal
             ,
             nor
             the
             peaceful
             Gospel
             of
             Christ
             to
             be
             defil'd
             with
             
             such
             abominable
             Cruelty
             .
             Remember
             that
             they
             submitted
             themselves
             to
             your
             Grandfather
             Henry
             ,
             most
             friendly
             to
             the
             Protestants
             ,
             when
             the
             Victorious
             Lesdiguieres
             pursu'd
             the
             retreating
             Savoyard
             o're
             the
             Alpes
             .
             There
             is
             also
             an
             Instrument
             of
             that
             Submission
             register'd
             among
             the
             Publick
             Acts
             of
             your
             Kingdom
             ,
             wherein
             it
             is
             excepted
             and
             provided
             among
             other
             things
             ,
             That
             from
             that
             time
             forward
             the
             Piemontois
             should
             not
             be
             deliver'd
             over
             into
             the
             Power
             of
             any
             Ruler
             ,
             but
             upon
             the
             same
             Conditions
             upon
             which
             your
             Invincible
             Grandfather
             receiv'd
             them
             into
             his
             Protection
             .
             This
             Protection
             of
             your
             Grandfather
             ,
             these
             Suppliants
             now
             implore
             from
             you
             as
             Grandchild
             .
             'T
             is
             your
             Majesty's
             part
             ,
             to
             whom
             those
             People
             now
             belong
             ,
             to
             give
             'em
             that
             protection
             which
             they
             have
             chosen
             ,
             by
             some
             exchange
             of
             Habitation
             ,
             if
             they
             desire
             it
             ,
             and
             it
             may
             be
             done
             :
             Or
             if
             that
             be
             a
             Labour
             too
             difficult
             ,
             at
             least
             to
             succour
             'em
             
             with
             your
             Patronage
             ,
             your
             Commiseration
             ,
             and
             your
             admittance
             into
             Sanctuary
             .
             And
             there
             are
             some
             Reasons
             of
             State
             to
             encourage
             your
             Majesty
             not
             to
             refuse
             the
             Piemontois
             a
             safe
             Asylum
             in
             your
             Kingdom
             :
             But
             I
             am
             unwilling
             that
             you
             ,
             so
             great
             King
             ,
             should
             be
             induc'd
             to
             the
             defence
             and
             succour
             of
             the
             miserable
             by
             any
             other
             Arguments
             then
             those
             of
             your
             Ancestor's
             pledg'd
             Faith
             ,
             your
             own
             Piety
             ,
             Royal
             Benignity
             and
             Magnanimity
             .
             Thus
             the
             Immaculate
             and
             intire
             Glory
             of
             a
             most
             Egregious
             Act
             will
             be
             your
             own
             ,
             and
             you
             will
             find
             the
             Father
             of
             Mercy
             ,
             and
             his
             Son
             ,
             
               King
               Christ
            
             ,
             whose
             Name
             and
             Doctrine
             you
             have
             vindicated
             from
             nefarious
             Inhumanity
             ,
             so
             much
             the
             more
             favourable
             and
             propitious
             to
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             all
             your
             days
             .
             The
             God
             of
             Mercy
             and
             Power
             infuse
             into
             your
             Majesty's
             Heart
             a
             Resolution
             to
             defend
             and
             save
             so
             many
             Innocent
             Christians
             ,
             and
             maintain
             your
             own
             Honour
             .
          
           
             
               Westm
               .
               
                 May
                 —
                 1658.
                 
              
            
          
        
         
           
           
             To
             the
             Evangelick
             Cities
             of
             the
             Switzers
             .
          
           
             
               Illustrious
               and
               most
               Noble
               Lords
               ,
               our
               dearest
               Friends
               ,
            
          
           
             HOW
             heavy
             and
             intolerable
             the
             Sufferings
             of
             the
             Piemontois
             ,
             your
             most
             afflicted
             Neighbours
             ,
             have
             bin
             ,
             and
             how
             unmercifully
             they
             have
             been
             dealt
             with
             by
             their
             own
             Prince
             ,
             for
             the
             sake
             of
             their
             Religion
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             Felness
             of
             the
             Cruelties
             ,
             we
             almost
             tremble
             to
             remember
             ,
             and
             thought
             it
             superfluous
             to
             put
             you
             in
             mind
             of
             those
             things
             ,
             which
             are
             much
             better
             known
             to
             your
             Lordships
             .
             We
             have
             also
             seen
             Copies
             of
             the
             Letters
             ,
             which
             your
             Embassadors
             ,
             Promoters
             and
             Witnesses
             of
             the
             Peace
             ,
             concluded
             at
             Pignerol
             ,
             wrote
             to
             the
             Duke
             of
             Savoy
             ,
             and
             the
             President
             of
             his
             Council
             at
             Turin
             ;
             wherein
             they
             set
             forth
             ,
             and
             make
             it
             out
             ,
             that
             all
             the
             Conditions
             of
             the
             said
             Peace
             are
             broken
             ,
             and
             were
             rather
             a
             Snare
             then
             a
             Security
             to
             those
             miserable
             People
             .
             Which
             Violation
             continu'd
             from
             the
             
             Conclusion
             of
             the
             Peace
             to
             this
             very
             moment
             ,
             and
             still
             growing
             more
             heavy
             every
             day
             then
             other
             :
             unless
             they
             patiently
             endure
             ,
             unless
             they
             lay
             themselves
             down
             to
             be
             trampl'd
             under
             foot
             ,
             plash'd
             like
             Mortar
             ,
             or
             abjure
             their
             Religion
             ,
             the
             same
             Calamities
             ,
             the
             same
             Slaughters
             ,
             hang
             over
             their
             Heads
             ,
             which
             three
             years
             since
             ,
             made
             such
             a
             dreadful
             havock
             of
             them
             ,
             their
             Wives
             and
             Children
             ;
             and
             which
             ,
             if
             it
             must
             be
             undergone
             once
             more
             ,
             will
             certainly
             prove
             the
             utter
             extirpation
             of
             their
             whole
             Race
             .
             What
             shall
             such
             miserable
             Creatures
             do
             ?
             in
             whose
             behalf
             no
             Intercession
             will
             avail
             ,
             to
             whom
             no
             breathing
             time
             is
             allow'd
             ,
             nor
             any
             certain
             place
             of
             Refuge
             .
             They
             have
             to
             do
             with
             Wild
             Beasts
             ,
             or
             Furies
             rather
             ,
             upon
             whom
             the
             remembrance
             of
             their
             former
             Murders
             has
             wrought
             no
             compassion
             upon
             their
             Countrymen
             ,
             no
             sense
             of
             humanity
             ,
             nor
             satiated
             their
             ravenous
             hunger
             after
             blood
             .
             Most
             certainly
             these
             things
             are
             not
             to
             be
             endur'd
             ,
             if
             
             we
             desire
             the
             safety
             of
             our
             Brethren
             the
             Piemontois
             ,
             most
             Ancient
             Professors
             of
             the
             Orthodox
             Faith
             ,
             or
             the
             Welfare
             of
             our
             Religion
             it self
             .
             As
             for
             our selves
             ,
             so
             far
             remote
             ,
             we
             have
             not
             been
             wanting
             to
             assist
             'em
             as
             far
             as
             in
             us
             lay
             ,
             nor
             shall
             we
             cease
             our
             future
             Aid
             .
             But
             you
             ,
             who
             not
             only
             lie
             so
             near
             adjoining
             ,
             as
             to
             behold
             the
             Butcheries
             ,
             and
             hear
             the
             Outcries
             and
             Shrieks
             of
             the
             Distressed
             ,
             but
             are
             also
             next
             expos'd
             to
             the
             fury
             of
             the
             same
             Enemies
             ;
             consider
             for
             the
             sake
             of
             the
             Immortal
             God
             ,
             and
             that
             in
             time
             ,
             what
             it
             behoves
             ye
             now
             to
             do
             :
             Consult
             your
             Prudence
             ,
             your
             Piety
             ,
             and
             your
             Fortitude
             ,
             what
             succour
             ,
             what
             relief
             and
             safegard
             you
             are
             able
             ,
             and
             are
             bound
             to
             afford
             your
             Neighbours
             and
             Brethren
             ,
             who
             must
             else
             undoubtedly
             and
             speedily
             perish
             .
             Certainly
             the
             same
             Religion
             is
             the
             cause
             ,
             why
             the
             same
             Enemies
             seek
             also
             your
             Perdition
             ;
             why
             ,
             at
             the
             same
             time
             the
             last
             year
             ,
             they
             meditated
             your
             ruin
             ,
             by
             Intestine
             Broiles
             among
             your selves
             .
             It
             
             seems
             to
             be
             only
             in
             your
             power
             ,
             next
             under
             God
             ,
             to
             prevent
             the
             Extirpation
             of
             this
             most
             Ancient
             Scien
             of
             the
             Purer
             Religion
             ,
             in
             these
             remainders
             of
             the
             Primitive
             Believers
             ;
             whose
             preservation
             ,
             now
             reduc'd
             to
             the
             very
             brink
             of
             utter
             ruin
             ,
             if
             you
             neglect
             ,
             beware
             that
             the
             next
             Turn
             be
             not
             your
             own
             .
             These
             Admonitions
             ,
             while
             we
             give
             ye
             freely
             ,
             and
             out
             of
             Brotherly
             love
             ,
             we
             are
             not
             quite
             as
             yet
             cast
             down
             :
             For
             what
             lies
             only
             in
             our
             power
             so
             far
             distant
             ,
             as
             we
             have
             hitherto
             ,
             so
             shall
             we
             still
             employ
             our
             utmost
             Endeavours
             ,
             not
             only
             to
             procure
             the
             safety
             of
             our
             Brethren
             upon
             the
             precipice
             of
             danger
             ,
             but
             also
             to
             relieve
             their
             Wants
             .
             May
             the
             Almighty
             God
             vouchsafe
             to
             both
             of
             us
             that
             peace
             and
             tranquility
             at
             home
             ,
             that
             settlement
             of
             Times
             and
             Affairs
             ,
             that
             we
             may
             be
             able
             to
             employ
             all
             our
             Wealth
             and
             Force
             ,
             all
             our
             Studies
             and
             Counsels
             in
             the
             defence
             of
             his
             Church
             against
             the
             Rage
             and
             Fury
             of
             her
             Enemies
             .
             
               From
               our
               Court
               at
            
             White-Hall
             ,
             May
             —
             1658.
             
          
        
         
           
           
             To
             his
             Eminency
             Cardinal
             Mazarin
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Eminent
               Lord
               ,
            
          
           
             THE
             late
             most
             Grievous
             Cruelties
             ,
             and
             most
             Bloody
             Slaughters
             perpetrated
             upon
             the
             Inhabitants
             of
             the
             Valleys
             of
             Piemont
             ,
             within
             the
             Duke
             of
             
             Savoy's
             Dominions
             ,
             occasion'd
             the
             writing
             of
             the
             inclos'd
             Letters
             to
             his
             Majesty
             ,
             and
             these
             other
             to
             your
             Eminency
             .
             And
             as
             we
             make
             no
             doubt
             but
             that
             such
             Tyranny
             ,
             Inhumanities
             ,
             so
             rigorously
             inflicted
             upon
             harmless
             and
             indigent
             People
             ,
             are
             highly
             displeasing
             and
             offensive
             to
             the
             most
             Serene
             King
             ;
             so
             we
             readily
             persuade
             our selves
             ,
             that
             what
             we
             request
             from
             his
             Majesty
             in
             behalf
             of
             those
             unfortunate
             Creatures
             ,
             your
             Eminency
             will
             employ
             your
             endeavour
             ,
             and
             your
             favour
             to
             obtain
             ,
             as
             an
             accumulation
             to
             our
             Intercessions
             .
             Seeing
             there
             is
             nothing
             which
             has
             acquir'd
             more
             good-will
             and
             affection
             to
             the
             French
             Nation
             ,
             among
             
             all
             the
             Neighbouring
             Professors
             of
             the
             Reformed
             Religion
             ,
             then
             that
             Liberty
             and
             those
             Privileges
             ,
             which
             by
             publick
             Acts
             and
             Edicts
             are
             granted
             in
             that
             Kingdom
             to
             the
             Protestants
             .
             And
             this
             among
             others
             was
             one
             main
             Reason
             ,
             why
             this
             Republick
             so
             ardently
             desir'd
             the
             Friendship
             and
             Alliance
             of
             the
             French
             People
             .
             For
             the
             setling
             of
             which
             we
             are
             now
             treating
             with
             the
             King's
             Embassador
             ,
             and
             have
             made
             those
             progresses
             ,
             that
             the
             Treaty
             is
             almost
             brought
             to
             a
             conclusion
             .
             Besides
             that
             ,
             your
             Eminency's
             singular
             Benignity
             and
             Moderation
             ,
             which
             in
             the
             management
             of
             the
             most
             Important
             Affairs
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             ,
             you
             have
             always
             testifi'd
             to
             the
             Protestants
             of
             France
             ,
             encourages
             us
             to
             expect
             what
             we
             promise
             to
             our selves
             from
             your
             Prudence
             and
             Generosity
             ;
             whereby
             you
             will
             not
             only
             lay
             the
             foundations
             of
             a
             stricter
             Alliance
             between
             this
             Republick
             and
             the
             Kingdom
             of
             France
             ,
             but
             oblige
             us
             in
             particular
             to
             Returns
             of
             all
             good
             Offices
             of
             Civility
             
             and
             Kindness
             :
             And
             of
             this
             we
             desire
             your
             Eminency
             to
             rest
             assur'd
             .
          
           
             
               Your
               Eminency's
               most
               Affectionate
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             &c.
             To
             the
             most
             Serene
             and
             Potent
             Prince
             ,
             Lewis
             King
             of
             France
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               and
               Potent
               King
               ,
               our
               most
               August
               Friend
               and
               Confederate
               .
            
          
           
             IT
             being
             the
             intention
             of
             Thomas
             Viscount
             Falconbridge
             ,
             our
             Son-in-Law
             ,
             to
             Travel
             into
             France
             ,
             and
             no
             less
             his
             desire
             ,
             out
             of
             his
             profound
             Respect
             and
             Veneration
             to
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             to
             be
             admitted
             to
             Kiss
             your
             Royal
             hands
             ;
             though
             by
             reason
             of
             his
             pleasing
             Conversation
             we
             are
             unwilling
             to
             part
             with
             him
             ,
             nevertheless
             not
             doubting
             but
             he
             will
             in
             a
             short
             time
             return
             from
             the
             Court
             of
             so
             great
             a
             Prince
             ,
             celebrated
             for
             the
             resort
             of
             so
             many
             Prudent
             and
             Couragious
             Persons
             ,
             more
             nobly
             prepar'd
             
             for
             great
             Performances
             ,
             and
             fully
             Accomplish'd
             in
             whatsoever
             may
             be
             thought
             most
             Laudable
             and
             Vertuous
             ,
             we
             did
             not
             think
             it
             fit
             to
             put
             a
             stop
             to
             his
             generous
             Resolutions
             .
             And
             though
             he
             be
             a
             Person
             ,
             who
             ,
             unless
             we
             deceive
             our selves
             ,
             carries
             his
             own
             Recommendations
             about
             him
             ,
             wheresoe're
             he
             goes
             ;
             yet
             if
             he
             shall
             find
             himself
             somewhat
             the
             more
             favour'd
             by
             your
             Majesty
             for
             our
             sake
             ,
             we
             shall
             think
             our selves
             Honour'd
             and
             Oblig'd
             by
             the
             same
             Kindness
             .
             God
             Almighty
             long
             preserve
             your
             Majesty
             in
             safety
             ,
             and
             continue
             a
             lasting
             Peace
             between
             us
             ,
             to
             the
             common
             Good
             of
             the
             Christian
             world
             .
             
               From
               our
               Court
               at
            
             White-May
             —
             1658.
             
          
        
         
           
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             &c.
             To
             the
             most
             Eminent
             Lord
             Cardinal
             Mazarin
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Eminent
               Lord
               ,
            
          
           
             HAving
             Recommended
             to
             the
             most
             Serene
             King
             ,
             Thomas
             Viscount
             Falconbridge
             our
             Son-in-Law
             ,
             desirous
             to
             see
             France
             ;
             we
             could
             not
             but
             acquaint
             your
             Eminency
             with
             it
             ,
             and
             Recommend
             him
             in
             like
             manner
             to
             your self
             ;
             not
             ignorant
             of
             what
             moment
             and
             importance
             it
             will
             be
             to
             our
             Recommendation
             first
             given
             him
             .
             For
             certainly
             ,
             what
             benefit
             or
             advantage
             he
             shall
             reap
             by
             residing
             in
             your
             Countrey
             ,
             which
             he
             hopes
             will
             not
             be
             small
             ,
             he
             cannot
             but
             be
             beholding
             for
             the
             greatest
             part
             of
             it
             to
             your
             Favour
             and
             Good
             will
             ;
             whose
             single
             Prudence
             and
             Vigilancy
             ,
             Supports
             and
             Manages
             the
             grand
             Affairs
             of
             that
             Kingdom
             .
             Whatever
             therefore
             grateful
             Obligation
             your
             Eminency
             shall
             lay
             upon
             him
             ,
             you
             may
             be
             assur'd
             you
             lay
             upon
             our selves
             ,
             and
             
             that
             we
             shall
             number
             it
             among
             your
             many
             Kindnesses
             and
             Civilities
             already
             shew'd
             us
             .
             Westm
             .
             May
             —
             1658.
             
          
        
         
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             &c.
             To
             the
             most
             Eminent
             Lord
             Cardinal
             Mazarin
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Eminent
               Lord
               ,
            
          
           
             HAving
             sent
             the
             most
             Illustrious
             
               Thomas
               Bellasis
            
             ,
             Viscount
             Falconbridge
             ,
             our
             Son-in-Law
             ,
             to
             Congratulate
             the
             King
             ,
             upon
             his
             arrival
             in
             the
             Camp
             at
             Dunkirk
             ,
             I
             gave
             him
             Order
             to
             attend
             and
             wish
             your
             Eminency
             long
             Life
             and
             Health
             in
             our
             Name
             ,
             and
             to
             return
             Thanks
             to
             your
             Eminency
             ,
             by
             whose
             Fidelity
             ,
             Prudence
             and
             Vigilancy
             ,
             it
             chiefly
             comes
             to
             pass
             ,
             that
             the
             Affairs
             of
             France
             are
             carri'd
             on
             with
             such
             Success
             in
             several
             parts
             ,
             but
             more
             especially
             in
             near-adjoining
             Flanders
             ,
             against
             our
             common
             Enemy
             the
             Spaniard
             ;
             from
             whom
             we
             hope
             that
             open
             and
             Armed
             Courage
             now
             will
             soon
             exact
             a
             rigorous
             account
             of
             all
             his
             Frauds
             and
             
             Treacheries
             .
             Which
             that
             it
             may
             be
             speedily
             done
             ,
             we
             shall
             not
             be
             wanting
             ,
             either
             with
             our
             Forces
             ,
             as
             far
             as
             in
             us
             lies
             ,
             or
             with
             our
             Prayers
             to
             Heaven
             .
             
               From
               our
               Court
               at
            
             White-Hall
             ,
             May
             —
             1658.
             
          
        
         
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             &c.
             To
             the
             most
             Serene
             and
             Potent
             Prince
             ,
             Lewis
             King
             of
             France
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               and
               Potent
               Prince
               ,
               our
               most
               August
               Friend
               and
               Confederate
               ,
            
          
           
             SO
             soon
             as
             the
             News
             was
             brought
             us
             ,
             That
             your
             Majesty
             was
             arriv'd
             in
             your
             Camp
             ,
             and
             was
             sate
             down
             with
             so
             considerable
             an
             Army
             before
             Dunkirk
             ,
             that
             infamous
             nest
             of
             Pyrates
             ,
             and
             Place
             of
             Refuge
             for
             Sea-Robbers
             ,
             we
             were
             greatly
             overjoy'd
             ,
             in
             certain
             assurance
             ,
             that
             in
             a
             short
             time
             now
             ,
             with
             God's
             Assistance
             ,
             the
             Seas
             will
             be
             more
             open
             and
             less
             infested
             by
             those
             Plundering
             Rovers
             ;
             and
             that
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             by
             your
             Military
             Prowess
             ,
             will
             now
             
             take
             speedy
             Vengeance
             of
             the
             Spanish
             Frauds
             ;
             by
             whom
             one
             Captain
             was
             by
             God
             corrupted
             to
             the
             Betraying
             of
             Hesden
             ;
             another
             Treacherously
             Surpriz'd
             at
             Ostend
             .
             We
             therefore
             send
             the
             most
             Noble
             ,
             Thomas
             Viscount
             Falconbridge
             ,
             our
             Son-in-Law
             ,
             to
             Congratulate
             your
             Majesty's
             arrival
             in
             your
             Camp
             so
             near
             us
             ,
             and
             that
             your
             Majesty
             may
             understand
             from
             his
             own
             lips
             ,
             with
             what
             Affection
             we
             labour
             the
             Prosperity
             of
             your
             Atchievemants
             ,
             not
             onely
             with
             our
             united
             Forces
             ,
             but
             with
             our
             cordial
             Prayers
             ,
             that
             God
             would
             long
             preserve
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             and
             perpetuate
             our
             establish'd
             Friendship
             ,
             to
             the
             common
             Good
             of
             the
             Christian
             world
             .
             
               From
               our
               Court
               at
            
             Westm
             .
             May
             —
             1658.
             
          
        
         
           
           
             To
             the
             most
             Serene
             Prince
             ,
             Ferdinand
             Grand
             Duke
             of
             Tuscany
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               Great
               Duke
               ,
            
          
           
             IN
             regard
             your
             Highness
             in
             all
             your
             Letters
             ,
             has
             ever
             signifi'd
             your
             Extraordinary
             Affection
             toward
             us
             ,
             we
             are
             not
             a
             little
             griev'd
             ,
             that
             either
             it
             should
             be
             so
             obscurely
             imparted
             to
             your
             Governors
             and
             Ministers
             ,
             or
             by
             them
             so
             ill
             interpreted
             ,
             that
             we
             can
             reap
             no
             benefit
             or
             sign
             of
             it
             ,
             in
             your
             Port
             of
             Leghorn
             ,
             where
             your
             Friendship
             toward
             us
             ought
             to
             be
             most
             clearly
             and
             truly
             understood
             :
             Rather
             ,
             That
             we
             should
             find
             the
             Minds
             of
             your
             Subjects
             daily
             more
             averse
             and
             hostile
             in
             their
             demeanor
             toward
             us
             .
             For
             how
             unkindly
             our
             Fleet
             was
             lately
             treated
             at
             Leghorn
             ,
             how
             little
             accommodated
             with
             necessary
             Supplies
             ,
             in
             what
             a
             Hostile
             manner
             twice
             constrain'd
             to
             depart
             the
             Harbour
             ,
             we
             are
             sufficiently
             given
             to
             understand
             as
             well
             from
             undoubted
             Witnesses
             upon
             the
             Place
             ,
             as
             from
             our
             Admiral
             himself
             ,
             to
             whose
             Relation
             we
             cannot
             but
             give
             Credit
             ,
             when
             we
             have
             thought
             him
             worthy
             to
             Command
             our
             Fleet.
             Upon
             his
             first
             arrival
             in
             January
             ,
             after
             he
             had
             caus'd
             our
             Letters
             to
             be
             deliver'd
             to
             your
             Highness
             ,
             and
             all
             Offices
             of
             Civility
             had
             pass'd
             between
             
             our
             People
             and
             yours
             ;
             when
             he
             desir'd
             the
             Accommodation
             of
             
               Porto
               Ferraro
            
             ;
             answer
             was
             made
             ,
             it
             could
             not
             be
             granted
             ,
             least
             the
             King
             of
             Spain
             ,
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             our
             Enemy
             should
             be
             Offended
             .
             And
             yet
             what
             is
             there
             which
             a
             Prince
             in
             Friendship
             more
             frequently
             allows
             to
             his
             Confederate
             ,
             then
             free
             entrance
             into
             his
             Ports
             and
             Harbours
             ?
             Or
             what
             is
             there
             that
             we
             can
             expect
             from
             a
             Friendship
             of
             this
             nature
             ,
             more
             ready
             to
             do
             us
             unkindness
             then
             befriend
             us
             ,
             or
             aid
             us
             with
             the
             smallest
             Assistance
             ,
             for
             fear
             of
             provoking
             the
             displeasure
             of
             our
             Enemies
             .
             At
             first
             indeed
             ,
             Prattick
             was
             allow'd
             ,
             tho
             onely
             to
             Two
             or
             Three
             of
             our
             Seamen
             out
             of
             every
             Ship
             ,
             who
             had
             the
             Favour
             to
             go
             ashoar
             .
             But
             soon
             after
             ,
             it
             being
             nois'd
             in
             the
             Town
             ,
             That
             our
             Ships
             had
             taken
             a
             Dutch
             Vessel
             Laden
             with
             Corn
             for
             Spain
             ,
             that
             little
             Prattick
             we
             had
             was
             Prohibited
             ;
             Longland
             ,
             the
             English
             Consul
             ,
             was
             not
             permitted
             to
             go
             aboard
             the
             Fleet
             ;
             The
             liberty
             of
             taking
             in
             Fresh
             water
             ,
             which
             is
             ever
             free
             to
             all
             that
             are
             not
             open
             Enemies
             ,
             was
             not
             suffer'd
             ,
             but
             under
             Armed
             Guards
             ,
             at
             a
             severe
             rate
             ;
             and
             our
             Merchants
             which
             reside
             in
             the
             Town
             ,
             to
             the
             vast
             emolument
             of
             your
             People
             ,
             were
             forbid
             to
             Visit
             their
             Countreymen
             ,
             or
             Assist
             'em
             in
             the
             least
             .
             Upon
             his
             last
             arrival
             ,
             toward
             the
             latter
             
             end
             of
             March
             ,
             no
             body
             was
             suffer'd
             to
             come
             Ashoar
             .
             The
             fifth
             day
             after
             ,
             when
             our
             Admiral
             had
             taken
             a
             small
             Neapolitan
             Vessel
             which
             fell
             into
             our
             hands
             by
             chance
             ,
             above
             Two
             hunder'd
             great
             shot
             were
             made
             at
             our
             Fleet
             from
             the
             Town
             ,
             though
             without
             any
             damage
             to
             us
             .
             Which
             was
             an
             argument
             ,
             that
             what
             provok'd
             your
             Governors
             without
             a
             cause
             ,
             as
             if
             the
             Rights
             of
             your
             Harbour
             had
             bin
             violated
             ,
             was
             done
             out
             at
             Sea
             ,
             at
             a
             great
             distance
             from
             your
             Town
             or
             the
             Jurisdiction
             of
             the
             Castle
             .
             Presently
             our
             Long-boats
             sent
             to
             take
             in
             Fresh
             water
             ,
             were
             assail'd
             in
             the
             Port
             ,
             and
             one
             taken
             and
             detain'd
             ;
             which
             being
             redemanded
             ,
             answer
             was
             made
             ,
             That
             neither
             the
             Skiff
             nor
             the
             Seamen
             should
             be
             restor'd
             ,
             unless
             the
             Neapolitan
             Vessel
             were
             dismis'd
             ;
             tho
             certain
             it
             is
             ,
             that
             she
             was
             taken
             in
             the
             open
             Sea
             ,
             where
             it
             was
             lawful
             to
             Seize
             her
             .
             So
             that
             ours
             ,
             after
             many
             Inconveniences
             suffer'd
             ,
             were
             forc'd
             at
             length
             to
             set
             Sail
             ,
             and
             leave
             behind
             'em
             the
             Provision
             ,
             for
             which
             they
             had
             paid
             ready
             Money
             .
             These
             things
             ,
             if
             they
             were
             not
             done
             by
             your
             Highness's
             Consent
             and
             Command
             ,
             as
             we
             hope
             they
             were
             not
             ,
             we
             desire
             you
             would
             make
             it
             appear
             by
             the
             Punishment
             of
             the
             Governor
             ,
             who
             so
             easily
             presum'd
             to
             violate
             his
             Master's
             Alliances
             ;
             but
             if
             they
             were
             done
             
             with
             your
             Highness
             Approbation
             and
             Order
             ,
             we
             would
             have
             your
             Highness
             understand
             ,
             that
             as
             we
             always
             had
             a
             singular
             value
             for
             your
             Friendship
             ,
             so
             we
             have
             learnt
             to
             distinguish
             between
             Injuries
             and
             Acts
             of
             Kindness
             .
             
               From
               our
               Court
               at
            
             White-Hall
             ,
             May
             —
             1658.
             
          
           
             
               Your
               good
               Friend
               ,
               so
               far
               as
               we
               may
               ,
               Oliver
               Protector
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               of
               England
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
        
         
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             &c.
             To
             the
             most
             Serene
             and
             Potent
             Prince
             ,
             Lewis
             King
             of
             France
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               and
               Potent
               Prince
               ,
               our
               most
               August
               Confederate
               and
               Friend
               ,
            
          
           
             BY
             so
             speedily
             repaying
             our
             profound
             Respect
             to
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             with
             an
             Accumulation
             of
             Honour
             ,
             by
             such
             an
             Illustrious
             Embassy
             to
             our
             Court
             ;
             you
             have
             not
             onely
             made
             known
             to
             us
             ,
             but
             to
             all
             the
             People
             of
             England
             ,
             your
             singular
             Benignity
             and
             Generosity
             of
             Mind
             ,
             but
             also
             how
             much
             you
             favour
             our
             Reputation
             and
             Dignity
             .
             For
             which
             we
             return
             our
             most
             cordial
             Thanks
             to
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             as
             justly
             you
             have
             merited
             from
             us
             .
             As
             for
             the
             Victory
             which
             God
             has
             given
             ,
             most
             fortunate
             ,
             to
             
             our
             United
             Forces
             against
             our
             Enemies
             ,
             we
             rejoyce
             with
             your
             Majesty
             for
             it
             ;
             and
             that
             our
             People
             in
             that
             Battel
             were
             not
             wanting
             to
             your
             Assistance
             ,
             nor
             the
             Military
             Glory
             of
             their
             Ancestors
             ,
             nor
             their
             own
             Pristin
             Fortitude
             ,
             is
             most
             grateful
             to
             us
             .
             As
             for
             Dunkirk
             ,
             which
             as
             your
             Majesty
             Wrote
             ,
             you
             were
             in
             hopes
             was
             near
             Surrender
             :
             't
             is
             a
             great
             addition
             to
             our
             joy
             to
             hear
             from
             your
             Majesty
             such
             speedy
             Tidings
             ,
             that
             it
             is
             absolutely
             now
             in
             your
             Victorious
             hands
             ;
             and
             we
             hope
             moreover
             ,
             that
             the
             loss
             of
             one
             City
             will
             not
             suffice
             to
             repay
             the
             twofold
             Treachery
             of
             the
             Spaniard
             ,
             but
             that
             your
             Majesty
             will
             in
             a
             short
             time
             Write
             us
             the
             welcome
             News
             of
             the
             Surrender
             also
             of
             the
             other
             Town
             .
             As
             to
             your
             Promise
             ,
             That
             you
             will
             take
             care
             of
             our
             Interests
             ,
             we
             mistrust
             it
             not
             in
             the
             least
             ,
             upon
             the
             Word
             of
             a
             most
             Excellent
             King
             and
             our
             most
             assured
             Friend
             ,
             confirm'd
             withal
             by
             your
             Embassador
             ,
             the
             most
             accomplish'd
             Duke
             of
             Crequi
             .
             Lastly
             ,
             we
             beseech
             Almighty
             God
             to
             prosper
             your
             Majesty
             and
             the
             Affairs
             of
             France
             ,
             both
             in
             Peace
             and
             War.
             Westminster
             ,
             June
             —
             1658.
             
          
        
         
           
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             &c.
             To
             the
             most
             Eminent
             Lord
             ,
             Cardinal
             Mazarin
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Eminent
               Lord
               ,
            
          
           
             WHile
             we
             are
             returning
             Thanks
             to
             the
             most
             Serene
             King
             ,
             who
             to
             Honour
             and
             Congratulate
             us
             ,
             as
             also
             to
             intermix
             his
             Joy
             with
             ours
             for
             the
             late
             glorious
             Victory
             ,
             has
             sent
             a
             splendid
             Embassy
             to
             our
             Court
             ;
             we
             should
             be
             ungrateful
             ,
             should
             we
             not
             also
             by
             our
             Letters
             pay
             our
             due
             acknowledgments
             to
             your
             Eminency
             ;
             who
             to
             testifie
             your
             Good-will
             toward
             us
             ,
             and
             how
             much
             you
             make
             it
             your
             study
             to
             do
             us
             all
             the
             Honour
             which
             lyes
             within
             your
             power
             ,
             have
             sent
             your
             Nephew
             to
             us
             ,
             a
             most
             Excellent
             and
             most
             Accomplish'd
             young
             Gentleman
             ;
             and
             if
             you
             had
             any
             nearer
             Relation
             ,
             or
             any
             Person
             whom
             you
             valu'd
             more
             ,
             would
             have
             sent
             him
             more
             especially
             to
             us
             ,
             as
             you
             declare
             in
             your
             Letters
             ;
             adding
             wlthal
             the
             Reason
             ,
             which
             coming
             from
             so
             great
             a
             Personage
             ,
             we
             deem
             no
             small
             advantage
             to
             our
             Praise
             and
             Ornament
             ;
             that
             is
             to
             say
             ,
             to
             the
             end
             that
             they
             who
             are
             most
             nearly
             Related
             to
             your
             Eminency
             in
             Blood
             ,
             might
             learn
             to
             imitate
             your
             Eminency
             in
             shewing
             Respect
             and
             Honour
             to
             
             our
             Person
             .
             And
             we
             would
             have
             it
             not
             to
             be
             their
             meanest
             strife
             to
             follow
             your
             Example
             of
             Civility
             ,
             Candour
             ,
             and
             Friendship
             to
             us
             ;
             since
             there
             are
             not
             more
             conspicuous
             Examples
             of
             extraordinary
             Prudence
             and
             Vertue
             to
             be
             imitated
             then
             in
             your
             Eminency
             ;
             from
             whence
             they
             may
             learn
             with
             equal
             Renown
             to
             Govern
             Kingdoms
             ,
             and
             manage
             the
             most
             important
             Affairs
             of
             the
             World.
             Which
             that
             your
             Eminency
             may
             long
             and
             happily
             Administer
             ,
             to
             the
             Prosperity
             of
             the
             whole
             Realm
             of
             France
             ,
             to
             the
             common
             Good
             of
             the
             whole
             Christian
             Republick
             ,
             and
             your
             own
             Glory
             ,
             we
             shall
             never
             be
             wanting
             in
             our
             Prayers
             to
             implore
             .
          
           
             
               
                 From
                 our
                 Court
                 at
              
               White-Hall
               ,
               
                 June
                 —
                 1658.
                 
              
            
             
               Your
               Excellency's
               most
               Affectionate
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             &c.
             To
             the
             most
             Serene
             and
             Potent
             Prince
             ,
             Charles
             Gustavus
             ,
             King
             of
             the
             Swedes
             ,
             Goths
             and
             Vandals
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               and
               Potent
               Prince
               ,
               our
               dearest
               Confiderate
               and
               Friend
               ,
            
          
           
             AS
             often
             as
             we
             behold
             the
             busy
             Counsels
             ,
             and
             various
             Artifices
             of
             the
             common
             Enemies
             of
             Religion
             ,
             so
             often
             do
             we
             revolve
             in
             our
             Minds
             ,
             how
             necessary
             it
             would
             be
             ,
             and
             how
             much
             for
             the
             safely
             of
             the
             Christian
             world
             ,
             that
             the
             Protestant
             
             Princes
             ,
             and
             most
             especially
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             should
             be
             united
             with
             our
             Republick
             in
             a
             most
             first
             and
             solemn
             Confederacy
             .
             Which
             how
             ardently
             and
             zealously
             it
             has
             bin
             sought
             by
             our selves
             ,
             how
             acceptable
             it
             would
             have
             bin
             to
             us
             ,
             if
             ours
             ,
             and
             the
             Affairs
             of
             Swedeland
             ,
             had
             bin
             in
             that
             posture
             and
             condition
             ,
             if
             the
             said
             League
             could
             have
             bin
             sacredly
             concluded
             to
             the
             good
             liking
             of
             both
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             one
             could
             have
             bin
             a
             seasonable
             Succour
             to
             the
             other
             ,
             we
             declar'd
             to
             your
             Embassadors
             ,
             when
             first
             they
             enter'd
             into
             Treaty
             with
             us
             upon
             this
             Subject
             .
             Nor
             were
             they
             wanting
             in
             their
             duty
             ;
             but
             the
             same
             Prudence
             which
             they
             were
             wont
             to
             shew
             in
             other
             things
             ,
             the
             same
             Wisdom
             and
             Sedulity
             they
             made
             known
             in
             this
             Affair
             .
             But
             such
             was
             the
             Perfidiousness
             of
             our
             wicked
             and
             restless
             Countrey-men
             at
             home
             ,
             who
             being
             often
             receiv'd
             into
             our
             Protection
             ,
             ceas'd
             not
             however
             to
             machinate
             new
             disturbances
             ,
             and
             to
             resume
             their
             formerly
             often
             frustrated
             and
             dissipated
             Conspiracies
             with
             our
             Enemies
             the
             Spaniards
             ,
             that
             being
             altogether
             taken
             up
             with
             the
             preservation
             of
             our selves
             from
             surrounding
             dangets
             ,
             we
             could
             not
             bend
             our
             whole
             care
             and
             our
             entire
             Forces
             ,
             as
             we
             wish'd
             we
             could
             have
             done
             ,
             to
             defend
             the
             common
             Cause
             of
             Religion
             .
             Nevertheless
             what
             lay
             in
             our
             power
             ,
             we
             
             have
             already
             zealously
             perform'd
             ;
             and
             whatever
             for
             the
             future
             may
             conduce
             to
             your
             Majesty's
             Interests
             ,
             we
             shall
             not
             onely
             shew
             our selves
             willing
             ,
             but
             industrious
             to
             carry
             on
             ,
             in
             union
             with
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             upon
             all
             occasions
             .
             In
             the
             mean
             time
             ,
             we
             most
             gladly
             Congratulate
             your
             Majesty's
             Victories
             most
             Prudently
             and
             Couragiously
             atchiev'd
             ,
             and
             in
             our
             daily
             Prayers
             implore
             Almighty
             God
             long
             to
             continue
             to
             your
             Majesty
             a
             steady
             course
             of
             Conquest
             and
             Felicity
             ,
             to
             the
             Glory
             of
             his
             Name
             .
             
               From
               our
               Court
               at
            
             White-Hall
             ,
             June
             —
             1658.
             
          
        
         
           
             Oliver
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             &c.
             To
             the
             most
             Serene
             Prince
             the
             King
             of
             Portugal
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               King
               ,
               our
               Friend
               and
               Confederate
               ,
            
          
           
             
               JOhn
               Buffield
            
             ,
             of
             London
             Merchant
             ,
             has
             set
             forth
             in
             a
             Petition
             to
             us
             ,
             That
             in
             the
             year
             1649.
             he
             deliver'd
             certain
             Goods
             to
             
               Anthony
               ,
               John
            
             ,
             and
             
               Manuel
               Ferdinando
               Castaneo
            
             ,
             Merchants
             in
             Tamira
             ,
             to
             the
             end
             that
             after
             they
             had
             sold
             'em
             ,
             they
             might
             give
             him
             a
             just
             account
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             Custome
             of
             Merchants
             ;
             after
             which
             ,
             in
             his
             Voyage
             for
             England
             ,
             he
             fell
             into
             the
             hands
             of
             Pyrates
             ,
             and
             being
             Plunder'd
             by
             'em
             ,
             receiv'd
             no
             small
             Damage
             .
             Upon
             this
             News
             ,
             Antony
             and
             Manuel
             ,
             believing
             he
             had
             bin
             Kill'd
             ,
             
             presently
             look'd
             upon
             the
             Goods
             as
             their
             own
             ,
             and
             still
             detain
             'em
             in
             their
             hands
             refusing
             to
             come
             to
             any
             Account
             ;
             covering
             this
             Fraud
             of
             theirs
             with
             a
             Sequestration
             of
             Englisb
             Goods
             that
             soon
             after
             ensu'd
             .
             So
             that
             he
             was
             forc'd
             the
             last
             year
             ,
             in
             the
             middle
             of
             Winter
             ,
             to
             return
             to
             Portugal
             and
             demand
             his
             Goods
             ,
             but
             all
             in
             vain
             .
             For
             that
             the
             said
             John
             and
             Anthony
             could
             by
             no
             fair
             means
             be
             perswaded
             ,
             either
             to
             deliver
             the
             said
             Goods
             ,
             or
             to
             come
             to
             any
             Account
             ;
             and
             which
             is
             more
             to
             be
             admir'd
             ,
             justifi'd
             their
             private
             detention
             of
             the
             Goods
             ,
             by
             the
             Publick
             Attainder
             .
             Finding
             therefore
             that
             being
             a
             stranger
             ,
             he
             should
             get
             nothing
             by
             contending
             with
             the
             Inhabitants
             of
             Tamira
             in
             their
             own
             Countrey
             ,
             he
             betook
             himself
             for
             Justice
             to
             your
             Majesty
             ;
             humbly
             demanded
             the
             judgment
             of
             the
             Conservator
             ,
             appointed
             to
             determine
             the
             Causes
             of
             the
             English
             ;
             but
             was
             sent
             back
             to
             the
             Cognizance
             of
             that
             Court
             ,
             from
             which
             he
             had
             appeal'd
             .
             Which
             though
             in
             it self
             not
             unjust
             ,
             yet
             seeing
             it
             is
             evident
             that
             the
             Merchants
             of
             Tamira
             make
             an
             ill
             use
             of
             your
             Publick
             Edict
             to
             justify
             their
             own
             private
             Couzenage
             ,
             we
             make
             it
             our
             earnest
             request
             to
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             that
             according
             to
             your
             wonted
             Clemency
             you
             would
             rather
             refer
             to
             the
             Conservator
             ,
             being
             the
             proper
             Judge
             in
             these
             Cases
             ,
             the
             Cause
             of
             this
             
             poor
             Man
             ,
             Afflicted
             by
             many
             Casualties
             ,
             and
             reduc'd
             to
             utmost
             Poverty
             ;
             to
             the
             end
             he
             may
             recover
             the
             Remainder
             of
             his
             Fortunes
             from
             the
             Faithless
             Partnership
             of
             those
             People
             .
             Which
             ,
             when
             you
             rightly
             understand
             the
             business
             ,
             we
             make
             no
             question
             but
             will
             be
             no
             less
             pleasing
             to
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             to
             see
             done
             ,
             then
             to
             our selves
             .
             
               From
               our
               Court
               at
            
             Westminster
             ,
             August
             ,
             1658.
             
          
        
         
           
             To
             the
             most
             Serene
             Prince
             Leopold
             ,
             Arch-Duke
             ,
             of
             Austria
             ,
             Governour
             of
             the
             Low-Countries
             under
             Philip
             K.
             of
             Spain
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               Lord
               ,
            
          
           
             
               CHarles
               Harbord
            
             ,
             Knight
             ,
             has
             set
             forth
             in
             his
             Petition
             to
             Us
             ,
             that
             having
             sent
             certain
             Goods
             and
             Houshold-Stuff
             out
             of
             Holland
             to
             Bruges
             under
             your
             Jurisdiction
             ,
             he
             is
             in
             great
             danger
             of
             having
             them
             arrested
             out
             of
             his
             hands
             by
             Force
             and
             Violence
             .
             For
             that
             those
             Goods
             ,
             were
             sent
             him
             out
             of
             England
             in
             the
             Year
             1643.
             by
             the
             Earl
             of
             Suffolk
             ,
             for
             whom
             he
             stood
             bound
             in
             a
             Great
             Sum
             of
             Money
             ,
             to
             the
             end
             he
             might
             have
             wherewithal
             to
             satisfy
             himself
             ,
             should
             he
             be
             compell'd
             to
             pay
             the
             Debt
             .
             Which
             Goods
             are
             now
             in
             the
             Possession
             of
             
               Richard
               Greenville
            
             ,
             Knight
             ,
             who
             broke
             open
             the
             doors
             of
             the
             place
             where
             they
             were
             in
             Custody
             ,
             and
             made
             a
             Violent
             
             seizure
             of
             the
             same
             ,
             under
             pretence
             of
             we
             know
             not
             what
             due
             to
             him
             from
             Theophilus
             Earl
             of
             Suffolk
             ,
             by
             Vertue
             of
             a
             certain
             Decree
             of
             our
             Court
             of
             Chancery
             ,
             to
             which
             those
             Goods
             ,
             as
             being
             the
             Earls
             ,
             were
             justly
             liable
             ;
             whereas
             by
             our
             Laws
             ,
             neither
             the
             Earl
             now
             living
             ,
             whose
             Goods
             they
             are
             ,
             is
             bound
             by
             that
             Decree
             ,
             neither
             ought
             the
             Goods
             to
             be
             seiz'd
             or
             detain'd
             ;
             which
             the
             Sentence
             of
             that
             Court
             ,
             now
             sent
             to
             your
             Serenity
             ,
             together
             with
             these
             Letters
             ,
             positively
             declares
             and
             proves
             .
             Which
             Letters
             the
             said
             
               Charles
               Harbord
            
             has
             desir'd
             of
             us
             ,
             to
             the
             end
             we
             would
             make
             it
             our
             Request
             to
             your
             Highness
             ,
             that
             the
             said
             Goods
             may
             be
             forthwith
             discharg'd
             from
             the
             violent
             seizure
             ,
             and
             no
             less
             unjust
             action
             of
             the
             said
             
               Richard
               Greenville
            
             ,
             in
             regard
             it
             is
             apparently
             against
             the
             Custom
             and
             Law
             of
             Nations
             ,
             that
             any
             Person
             should
             be
             allow'd
             the
             liberties
             to
             sue
             in
             a
             Foreign
             Jurisdiction
             upon
             a
             plaint
             wherein
             he
             can
             have
             no
             relief
             in
             the
             Country
             where
             the
             Cause
             of
             Action
             first
             arose
             .
             Therefore
             the
             Reason
             of
             Justice
             it self
             ,
             and
             your
             far
             Celebrated
             Enquanimity
             encourag'd
             us
             to
             recommend
             this
             Cause
             to
             your
             Highness
             .
             Assuring
             your
             Highness
             ,
             that
             whenever
             any
             dispute
             shall
             happen
             in
             our
             Courts
             concerning
             the
             Rights
             and
             Properties
             of
             your
             People
             ,
             you
             shall
             ever
             find
             us
             
             ready
             and
             quick
             in
             our
             Returns
             of
             Favour
             .
             Westminster
             —
          
           
             
               Your
               Highnesse's
               most
               Affectionate
               
                 Oliver
                 Protector
              
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               of
               
                 England
                 ,
                 &c.
              
               
            
          
        
      
       
         
           LETTERS
           Written
           in
           the
           Name
           of
           RICHARD
           Protector
           .
        
         
           
             Richard
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             &c.
             To
             the
             most
             Serene
             and
             Potent
             Prince
             ,
             Lewis
             King
             of
             France
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               and
               Potent
               King
               ,
               our
               Friend
               and
               Confederate
               .
            
          
           
             SO
             soon
             as
             our
             most
             Serene
             Father
             ,
             Oliver
             
               Protector
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               of
            
             England
             ,
             by
             the
             Will
             of
             God
             so
             ordaining
             ,
             departed
             this
             Life
             ,
             upon
             the
             Third
             of
             September
             ,
             we
             being
             Lawfully
             declar'd
             his
             Successor
             in
             the
             Supream
             Magistracy
             ,
             tho
             in
             the
             Extremity
             of
             Tears
             and
             sadness
             ,
             could
             do
             no
             less
             ,
             then
             with
             the
             first
             
             Opportunity
             by
             these
             our
             Letters
             make
             known
             a
             Matter
             of
             this
             Concernment
             to
             your
             Majesty
             ;
             by
             whom
             ,
             as
             you
             have
             bin
             a
             most
             Cordial
             Friend
             to
             our
             Father
             and
             this
             Republick
             ,
             we
             are
             Confident
             ,
             the
             Mournful
             and
             unexpected
             Tydings
             will
             be
             as
             sorrowfully
             received
             .
             Our
             business
             now
             ,
             is
             to
             request
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             that
             you
             would
             have
             such
             an
             Opinion
             of
             us
             ,
             as
             of
             one
             who
             has
             determin'd
             nothing
             more
             Religiously
             and
             constantly
             then
             to
             observe
             the
             Friendship
             and
             Confedracy
             ,
             contracted
             between
             your
             Majesty
             and
             our
             Renowned
             Father
             ;
             and
             with
             the
             same
             Zeal
             and
             Good-will
             to
             confirm
             and
             Establish
             the
             Leagues
             by
             him
             Concluded
             ,
             and
             to
             carry
             on
             the
             same
             Counsels
             and
             Interests
             with
             your
             Majesty
             .
             To
             which
             intent
             ,
             it
             is
             our
             pleasure
             that
             our
             Embassadour
             Residing
             at
             your
             Court
             ,
             be
             empower'd
             by
             the
             same
             Commission
             as
             formerly
             ;
             and
             that
             you
             will
             give
             the
             same
             Credit
             to
             what
             he
             transacts
             in
             our
             Name
             ,
             as
             if
             it
             had
             bin
             done
             by
             our selves
             .
             In
             the
             mean
             time
             we
             wish
             your
             Majesty
             all
             Prosperity
             .
             
               From
               our
               Court
               at
            
             White-Hall
             ,
             Septemb.
             5.
             1658.
             
          
        
         
           
             
               To
               the
               most
               Eminent
               Lord
               ,
               Cardinal
               Mazarine
               .
            
          
           
             THO
             nothing
             could
             fall
             out
             more
             bitter
             and
             grievous
             to
             us
             ,
             then
             to
             write
             the
             Mournful
             News
             of
             our
             most
             Serene
             and
             
             most
             Renowned
             Father's
             Death
             ;
             nevertheless
             ,
             in
             regard
             we
             cannot
             be
             ignorant
             of
             the
             high
             Esteem
             which
             he
             had
             for
             your
             Eminency
             ,
             and
             the
             great
             Value
             which
             you
             had
             for
             him
             ;
             nor
             have
             any
             reason
             to
             doubt
             ,
             but
             that
             your
             Eminency
             ,
             upon
             whose
             care
             the
             Prosperity
             of
             France
             depends
             will
             no
             less
             bewail
             the
             loss
             of
             your
             constant
             Friend
             ,
             and
             most
             United
             Confederate
             ,
             we
             thought
             it
             of
             great
             moment
             ,
             by
             these
             our
             Letters
             to
             make
             known
             this
             Accident
             so
             deeply
             to
             be
             lamented
             ,
             as
             well
             to
             your
             Eminency
             as
             to
             the
             King
             ;
             and
             to
             assure
             your
             Eminency
             ,
             which
             is
             but
             reason
             ,
             that
             we
             shall
             most
             Religiously
             observe
             all
             those
             things
             which
             our
             Father
             of
             most
             Serene
             Memory
             was
             bound
             by
             the
             League
             to
             fee
             confirm'd
             and
             ratify'd
             :
             and
             shall
             make
             it
             our
             business
             ,
             that
             in
             the
             midst
             of
             your
             mourning
             for
             a
             Friend
             so
             Faithful
             and
             Flourishing
             in
             all
             Vertuous
             Applause
             ,
             there
             may
             be
             nothing
             wanting
             to
             preserve
             the
             Faith
             of
             our
             Confederacy
             .
             For
             the
             Conservation
             of
             which
             on
             your
             part
             also
             ,
             to
             the
             good
             of
             both
             Nations
             ,
             may
             God
             Almighty
             long
             preserve
             your
             Eminency
             .
             Westminster
             ,
             Sept.
             1658.
             
          
        
         
           
           
             Richard
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             &c.
             To
             the
             most
             Serene
             and
             Potent
             Prince
             Charles
             Gustavus
             ,
             King
             of
             the
             Swedes
             ,
             Goths
             and
             Vandalls
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               and
               Potent
               King
               ,
               our
               Friend
               and
               Confederate
               .
            
          
           
             WHen
             we
             consider
             with
             our selves
             that
             it
             will
             be
             a
             difficult
             matter
             for
             us
             ,
             to
             be
             Imitators
             of
             our
             Fathers
             Vertues
             ,
             unless
             we
             should
             observe
             and
             endeavour
             to
             hold
             the
             same
             Confederacies
             which
             he
             by
             his
             prowess
             acquir'd
             ,
             and
             out
             of
             his
             singular
             judgment
             thought
             most
             worthy
             to
             be
             embrac'd
             and
             observ'd
             ;
             your
             Majesty
             has
             no
             reason
             to
             doubt
             ,
             but
             that
             it
             behoves
             us
             to
             pay
             the
             same
             tribute
             of
             Affection
             and
             Good-will
             ,
             which
             our
             Father
             of
             most
             Serene
             Memory
             always
             paid
             to
             your
             Majesty
             .
             Therefore
             altho
             in
             this
             beginning
             of
             our
             Government
             and
             Dignity
             ,
             I
             may
             not
             find
             our
             Affairs
             in
             that
             Condition
             ,
             as
             at
             present
             to
             answer
             to
             some
             particulars
             ,
             which
             your
             Embassadours
             have
             propos'd
             ,
             yet
             it
             is
             our
             Resolution
             to
             continue
             the
             League
             concluded
             by
             our
             Father
             with
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             and
             to
             enter
             our selves
             into
             a
             stricter
             Engagement
             ;
             and
             so
             soon
             as
             we
             shall
             rightly
             understand
             the
             State
             of
             Affairs
             on
             both
             sides
             ,
             we
             shall
             always
             be
             ready
             on
             our
             part
             ,
             to
             treat
             of
             those
             things
             ,
             which
             shall
             be
             most
             chiefly
             for
             the
             United
             
             Benefit
             of
             both
             Republicks
             .
             In
             the
             mean
             time
             God
             long
             preserve
             your
             Majesty
             to
             his
             Glory
             ,
             and
             the
             Defence
             and
             Safeguard
             of
             his
             Orthodox
             Church
             .
             
               From
               our
               Court
               at
            
             Westminster
             ,
             Octob.
             1658.
             
          
        
         
           
             Richard
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             &c.
             To
             the
             most
             Serene
             and
             Potent
             Prince
             Charles
             Gustavus
             ,
             King
             of
             the
             Swedes
             ,
             Goths
             and
             Vandalls
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               and
               Potent
               King
               ,
               our
               Friend
               and
               Confederate
               .
            
          
           
             WE
             have
             receiv'd
             two
             Letters
             from
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             the
             one
             by
             your
             Envoy
             ,
             the
             other
             transmitted
             to
             us
             from
             our
             Resident
             ,
             
               Philip
               Meadowes
            
             ,
             whereby
             we
             not
             only
             understood
             your
             Majesties
             unfaigned
             Grief
             for
             the
             Death
             of
             our
             most
             Serene
             Father
             ,
             in
             expressions
             setting
             forth
             the
             real
             thoughts
             of
             your
             mind
             ,
             and
             how
             highly
             your
             Majesty
             esteem'd
             his
             Prowess
             and
             Friendship
             ,
             but
             also
             what
             great
             hopes
             your
             Majesty
             conceiv'd
             of
             our selves
             advanc'd
             in
             his
             Room
             .
             And
             certainly
             ,
             as
             an
             Accumulation
             of
             Paternal
             Honour
             in
             deeming
             us
             worthy
             to
             Succeed
             him
             ,
             nothing
             more
             Noble
             ,
             more
             Illustrious
             could
             befal
             us
             then
             the
             judgment
             of
             such
             a
             Prince
             ;
             nothing
             more
             Fortunately
             Auspicious
             could
             happen
             to
             Us
             ,
             at
             our
             first
             entrance
             upon
             the
             Government
             ,
             then
             such
             a
             Congratulator
             ;
             
             nothing
             lastly
             that
             could
             more
             vehemently
             incite
             us
             to
             take
             possession
             of
             our
             Father's
             Vertues
             ,
             as
             our
             Lawful
             Inheritance
             ,
             then
             the
             encouragement
             of
             so
             Great
             a
             King.
             As
             to
             what
             concerns
             your
             Majesties
             Interests
             ,
             already
             under
             Consideration
             between
             us
             ,
             in
             reference
             to
             the
             Common
             Cause
             of
             the
             Protestants
             ,
             we
             would
             have
             your
             Majesty
             have
             those
             thoughts
             of
             us
             ,
             that
             since
             we
             came
             to
             the
             Helm
             of
             this
             Republick
             ,
             tho
             the
             Condition
             of
             our
             Affairs
             be
             such
             at
             present
             ,
             that
             they
             chiefly
             require
             our
             utmost
             Diligence
             ,
             Care
             ,
             and
             Vigilancy
             at
             home
             ,
             yet
             that
             we
             hold
             nothing
             more
             Sacred
             ,
             and
             that
             there
             is
             not
             any
             thing
             more
             determin'd
             by
             Us
             ,
             then
             as
             much
             as
             in
             us
             lyes
             ,
             never
             to
             be
             wanting
             to
             the
             League
             concluded
             by
             our
             Father
             with
             your
             Majesty
             .
             To
             that
             end
             ,
             We
             have
             taken
             care
             to
             send
             a
             Fleet
             into
             the
             Baltic
             Sea
             ,
             with
             those
             Instructions
             which
             our
             Agent
             ,
             to
             that
             purpose
             empower'd
             by
             us
             ,
             will
             Communicate
             to
             your
             Majesty
             ;
             whom
             God
             preserve
             in
             long
             fafety
             ,
             and
             prosper
             with
             success
             in
             the
             Defence
             of
             his
             Orthodox
             Religion
             .
             
               From
               our
               Court
               at
            
             Westminster
             ,
             Octob.
             13.
             1658.
             
          
        
         
           
           
             Richard
             Protector
             ,
             To
             the
             most
             Serene
             ,
             and
             Potent
             Prince
             ,
             Charles
             Gustavus
             ,
             King
             of
             the
             Swedes
             ,
             Goths
             and
             Vandalls
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               and
               most
               Potent
               King
               ,
               our
               Friend
               and
               Confederate
               .
            
          
           
             WE
             send
             to
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             nor
             could
             we
             send
             a
             Present
             more
             worthy
             or
             more
             Excellent
             ,
             the
             truly
             Brave
             and
             truly
             Noble
             ,
             Sir
             
               George
               Ascue
            
             ,
             Knight
             ,
             not
             only
             fam'd
             in
             War
             ,
             and
             more
             especially
             for
             his
             Experience
             in
             Sea
             Affairs
             ,
             approv'd
             and
             try'd
             in
             many
             desperate
             Engagements
             ,
             but
             also
             endu'd
             with
             singular
             Probity
             ,
             Modesty
             ,
             Ingenuity
             ,
             Learning
             ,
             and
             for
             the
             sweetness
             of
             his
             Disposition
             caress'd
             by
             all
             Men
             ;
             and
             which
             is
             the
             sum
             of
             all
             ,
             now
             desirous
             to
             serve
             under
             the
             Banners
             of
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             so
             renown'd
             o're
             all
             the
             World
             for
             your
             Military
             Prowess
             .
             And
             we
             would
             have
             your
             Majesty
             be
             fully
             assur'd
             ,
             that
             whatsoever
             high
             Employment
             you
             confer
             upon
             him
             ,
             wherein
             Fidelty
             ,
             Fortitude
             ,
             Experience
             ,
             may
             shine
             forth
             in
             their
             true
             Lusture
             ,
             you
             cannot
             entrust
             a
             Person
             more
             Faithful
             ,
             more
             Couragious
             ,
             nor
             easily
             more
             Skilful
             .
             Moreover
             ,
             as
             to
             those
             things
             we
             have
             given
             him
             in
             Charge
             to
             Communicate
             to
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             we
             request
             that
             he
             may
             have
             quick
             Access
             ,
             and
             favourable
             Audience
             ,
             and
             that
             you
             will
             vouchsafe
             the
             
             same
             Credit
             to
             him
             ,
             as
             to
             our selves
             if
             personally
             present
             :
             lastly
             that
             you
             will
             give
             him
             that
             Honour
             ,
             as
             you
             shall
             judge
             becoming
             a
             Person
             dignifi'd
             with
             his
             own
             Merits
             and
             our
             Recommendation
             .
             Now
             God
             Almighty
             prosper
             all
             your
             Affairs
             with
             happy
             Success
             ,
             to
             his
             own
             Glory
             and
             the
             Safeguard
             of
             his
             Orthodox
             Church
             .
             
               From
               our
               Court
               at
            
             White-Hall
             ,
             Octob.
             1658.
             
          
        
         
           
             Richard
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             &c.
             To
             the
             most
             Serene
             and
             Potent
             Prince
             ,
             Charles
             Gustavus
             ,
             King
             of
             the
             Swedes
             ,
             Goths
             and
             Vandalls
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               and
               Potent
               King
               ,
               our
               dearest
               Friend
               and
               Confederate
               .
            
          
           
             
               SAmuel
               Piggot
            
             ,
             of
             London
             ,
             Merchant
             ,
             in
             a
             Petition
             deliver'd
             to
             Us
             ,
             sets
             forth
             ,
             that
             he
             lately
             sent
             from
             London
             into
             France
             ,
             upon
             the
             account
             of
             Trade
             ,
             two
             Vessels
             ,
             the
             one
             call'd
             the
             
               Post
               ,
               Tiddie
               Jacob
            
             Master
             ,
             the
             other
             the
             
               Water-Dog
               ,
               Garbrand
               Peters
            
             ,
             Master
             .
             That
             from
             France
             ,
             being
             laden
             with
             Salt
             ,
             they
             Sail'd
             for
             Amsterdam
             ;
             at
             Amsterdam
             ,
             they
             one
             took
             in
             Ballast
             only
             ;
             the
             other
             laden
             with
             Herrings
             ,
             in
             Copartnership
             ,
             with
             one
             
               Peter
               Heinbergh
            
             ,
             Sail'd
             away
             for
             Stettin
             in
             Pomerania
             ,
             which
             is
             under
             your
             Jurisdiction
             ,
             there
             to
             unlade
             her
             Freight
             ;
             but
             now
             he
             hears
             that
             both
             those
             Vessels
             are
             detain'd
             somewhere
             in
             the
             
             Baltick
             Sea
             by
             your
             Forces
             ;
             notwithstanding
             that
             he
             took
             care
             to
             send
             a
             Writing
             with
             both
             those
             Ships
             ,
             Seal'd
             with
             the
             Seal
             of
             the
             Admiralty-Court
             ,
             by
             which
             it
             appear'd
             that
             he
             alone
             was
             the
             Lawful
             Owner
             of
             both
             the
             Vessels
             and
             Goods
             ,
             that
             part
             excepted
             which
             belong'd
             to
             Heinbergh
             .
             Of
             all
             which
             ,
             in
             regard
             he
             has
             made
             full
             proof
             before
             us
             ,
             we
             make
             it
             our
             Request
             to
             your
             Majesty
             (
             to
             prevent
             the
             Ruin
             and
             utter
             Shipwrack
             of
             the
             Poor
             man's
             Estate
             by
             the
             loss
             of
             two
             Ships
             at
             one
             time
             )
             that
             you
             would
             Command
             your
             Officers
             to
             take
             care
             for
             the
             speedy
             discharge
             of
             the
             said
             Vessels
             .
             God
             long
             preserve
             your
             Majesty
             to
             his
             own
             Glory
             ,
             and
             the
             safeguard
             of
             his
             Orthodox
             Church
             .
          
        
         
           
             Richard
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             &c.
             To
             the
             High
             and
             Mighty
             Lords
             ,
             the
             State
             of
             Westfriezland
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               High
               and
               Mighty
               Lords
               ,
               our
               Dearest
               Friends
               and
               Confederates
               .
            
          
           
             
               MAry
               Grinder
            
             Widow
             ,
             in
             a
             Petition
             presented
             to
             us
             ,
             has
             made
             a
             most
             grievous
             Complaint
             ,
             that
             whereas
             
               Thomas
               Killegrew
            
             ,
             a
             Commander
             in
             your
             Service
             ,
             has
             ow'd
             her
             for
             these
             Eighteen
             Years
             a
             considerable
             sum
             of
             Money
             ,
             she
             can
             by
             her
             Agents
             neither
             bring
             him
             to
             pay
             the
             said
             Money
             ,
             nor
             to
             try
             his
             Title
             at
             Law
             to
             the
             
             same
             ,
             if
             he
             has
             any
             .
             Which
             that
             he
             may
             not
             be
             compell'd
             to
             do
             by
             the
             Widow's
             Attorney
             ,
             he
             has
             Petition'd
             your
             Highnesses
             ,
             that
             no
             body
             may
             be
             suffer'd
             to
             sue
             him
             for
             any
             Money
             that
             he
             owes
             in
             England
             .
             But
             should
             we
             signify
             no
             more
             then
             only
             this
             to
             your
             Highness
             ,
             That
             she
             is
             a
             Widow
             ,
             that
             she
             is
             in
             great
             want
             ,
             the
             Mother
             of
             many
             small
             Children
             ,
             which
             her
             Creditor
             endeavours
             to
             deprive
             of
             almost
             all
             that
             little
             support
             they
             have
             in
             this
             World
             ,
             we
             cannot
             believe
             ,
             we
             need
             to
             make
             use
             of
             any
             greater
             Arguments
             to
             your
             Lordships
             ,
             so
             well
             acquainted
             with
             those
             Divine
             Precepts
             forbidding
             the
             Oppression
             of
             the
             Widow
             and
             the
             Fatherless
             ,
             to
             persuade
             ye
             not
             to
             grant
             any
             such
             privilege
             upon
             a
             bare
             Petition
             ,
             to
             the
             Fraudulent
             Subverter
             of
             the
             Widow
             's
             Right
             :
             and
             which
             for
             the
             same
             reason
             we
             assure
             our selves
             you
             will
             never
             admit
             .
             
               From
               our
               Court
               at
            
             Westminster
             ,
             Jan.
             27.
             1658.
             
          
        
         
           
           
             Richard
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             &c.
             To
             the
             most
             Serene
             and
             Potent
             Prince
             ,
             Lewis
             King
             of
             France
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               and
               Potent
               Prince
               ,
               our
               most
               August
               Confederate
               and
               Friend
               ,
            
          
           
             WE
             have
             bin
             given
             to
             understand
             ,
             and
             that
             ,
             to
             our
             no
             small
             grief
             ,
             That
             several
             Protestant
             Churches
             in
             Provence
             ,
             were
             so
             maliciously
             Affronted
             and
             Disturb'd
             by
             a
             certain
             turbulent
             Humourist
             ,
             that
             the
             Magistrates
             at
             Grenoble
             ,
             who
             are
             the
             proper
             Judges
             of
             such
             Causes
             ,
             thought
             him
             worthy
             of
             exemplary
             Punishment
             :
             But
             that
             the
             Convention
             of
             the
             Clergy
             which
             was
             held
             not
             far
             from
             those
             places
             ,
             obtain'd
             of
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             that
             the
             whole
             matter
             should
             be
             remov'd
             up
             to
             Paris
             ,
             there
             to
             be
             heard
             before
             your
             Royal
             Council
             .
             But
             they
             not
             having
             as
             yet
             made
             any
             determination
             in
             the
             Business
             ,
             those
             Churches
             ,
             and
             more
             especially
             that
             of
             Yvoire
             ,
             are
             forbid
             to
             meet
             for
             the
             Worship
             of
             God.
             Most
             earnestly
             therefore
             we
             request
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             That
             in
             the
             first
             place
             you
             would
             not
             prohibit
             those
             from
             Preaching
             in
             Publick
             ,
             whose
             Prayers
             to
             God
             for
             your
             Safety
             and
             the
             Prosperity
             of
             your
             Kingdom
             ,
             you
             are
             so
             free
             to
             suffer
             ;
             then
             that
             the
             Sentence
             given
             against
             that
             impertinent
             Disturber
             of
             Divine
             Service
             ,
             by
             the
             proper
             Judges
             of
             those
             Causes
             at
             Grenoble
             ,
             may
             be
             duly
             put
             in
             excution
             .
             
             God
             long
             preserve
             your
             Majesty
             in
             Safety
             and
             Prosperity
             ;
             to
             the
             end
             that
             if
             you
             have
             any
             good
             Opinion
             of
             our
             Prayers
             ,
             or
             think
             'em
             prevalent
             with
             God
             ,
             you
             may
             be
             speedily
             induc'd
             to
             suffer
             the
             same
             to
             be
             publickly
             put
             up
             to
             Heaven
             by
             those
             Churches
             ,
             now
             forbid
             their
             wonted
             Meetings
             .
             
               Westminster
               ,
               Feb.
            
             18.
             1658.
             
          
        
         
           
             To
             the
             most
             Eminent
             Lord
             Cardinal
             Mazarine
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Eminent
               Lord
               Cardinal
               ,
            
          
           
             THE
             most
             Illustrious
             Lady
             ,
             late
             Wife
             of
             the
             deceased
             Duke
             of
             Richmond
             ,
             is
             now
             going
             into
             France
             ,
             together
             with
             the
             young
             Duke
             her
             Son
             ,
             with
             an
             intention
             to
             reside
             there
             for
             some
             time
             .
             We
             therefore
             most
             earnestly
             request
             your
             Eminency
             ,
             That
             if
             any
             thing
             fall
             out
             ,
             wherein
             your
             Authority
             ,
             Favour
             and
             Patronage
             ,
             may
             be
             assisting
             to
             'em
             ,
             as
             Strangers
             ,
             you
             would
             vouchsafe
             to
             Protect
             their
             Dignity
             ,
             and
             to
             indulge
             the
             Recommendation
             of
             it
             not
             the
             meanest
             ,
             in
             such
             a
             manner
             ,
             that
             if
             any
             addition
             can
             be
             made
             to
             your
             Civility
             toward
             all
             people
             ,
             especially
             of
             Illustrious
             Descent
             ,
             we
             may
             be
             sensible
             our
             Letters
             have
             obtain'd
             it
             .
             Withal
             ,
             your
             Excellency
             may
             assure
             your self
             ,
             your
             Recommendation
             ,
             whenever
             you
             require
             the
             like
             from
             us
             ,
             shall
             be
             of
             equal
             force
             and
             value
             in
             our
             Esteem
             and
             Care.
             
               Westminster
               ,
               Feb.
            
             29.
             1658.
             
          
        
         
           
           
             Richard
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             &c.
             To
             the
             most
             Serene
             and
             Potent
             Prince
             ,
             John
             King
             of
             Portugal
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               and
               Potent
               Prince
               ,
               our
               Friend
               and
               Confederate
               ,
            
          
           
             ALthough
             there
             are
             many
             things
             which
             we
             are
             bound
             to
             impart
             by
             Writing
             to
             a
             King
             our
             Friend
             ,
             and
             in
             strict
             Confederacy
             with
             our
             Republick
             ,
             yet
             there
             is
             nothing
             which
             we
             ever
             did
             more
             willingly
             ,
             then
             what
             we
             do
             at
             this
             present
             ,
             by
             these
             our
             Letters
             to
             Congratulate
             this
             last
             Victory
             ,
             so
             glorious
             to
             the
             Kingdom
             of
             Portugal
             ,
             obtain'd
             against
             our
             common
             Enemy
             the
             Spaniard
             .
             By
             which
             ,
             how
             great
             an
             advantage
             will
             accrue
             not
             onely
             to
             your
             own
             ,
             but
             to
             the
             Peace
             and
             Repose
             of
             all
             Europe
             ,
             and
             that
             perhaps
             for
             many
             years
             ,
             there
             is
             no
             body
             but
             understands
             .
             But
             there
             is
             one
             thing
             more
             ,
             wherein
             we
             must
             acknowledge
             your
             Majesty's
             Justice
             ,
             the
             most
             certain
             pledge
             of
             Victory
             ,
             That
             satisfaction
             has
             bin
             given
             by
             the
             Commissioners
             appointed
             at
             London
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             24th
             .
             Article
             of
             the
             League
             ,
             to
             our
             Merchants
             ,
             whose
             Vessels
             were
             hir'd
             by
             the
             Brasile
             Company
             .
             Onely
             there
             is
             one
             among
             'em
             still
             remaining
             ,
             
               Alexander
               Bence
            
             ,
             of
             London
             Merchant
             ,
             whose
             Ship
             call'd
             the
             
               Three
               Brothers
               ,
               John
               Wilks
            
             Master
             ,
             being
             hir'd
             and
             laden
             ,
             and
             having
             perform'd
             two
             
             Voyages
             for
             the
             said
             Company
             ,
             yet
             still
             they
             refuse
             to
             pay
             him
             his
             Wages
             according
             to
             their
             Covenauts
             ;
             when
             the
             rest
             that
             onely
             perform'd
             single
             Voyages
             are
             already
             paid
             .
             Which
             why
             it
             should
             be
             done
             ,
             we
             cannot
             understand
             ;
             unless
             those
             People
             think
             ,
             in
             their
             Judgment
             ,
             that
             Person
             more
             worthy
             of
             his
             Hire
             ,
             who
             did
             'em
             onely
             single
             Service
             ,
             then
             he
             who
             earn'd
             his
             Wages
             twice
             .
             We
             therefore
             earnestly
             request
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             That
             Satisfaction
             may
             given
             for
             his
             Service
             truly
             perform'd
             ,
             to
             this
             same
             single
             Alexander
             ,
             to
             whom
             a
             double
             Stipend
             is
             due
             ;
             and
             that
             by
             Vertue
             of
             your
             Royal
             Authority
             you
             would
             prefix
             the
             Brasile
             Company
             as
             short
             a
             day
             as
             may
             be
             ,
             for
             the
             payment
             of
             his
             just
             due
             ,
             and
             repairing
             his
             Losses
             ;
             seeing
             that
             their
             delays
             have
             bin
             the
             occasion
             ,
             that
             the
             Loss
             sustain'd
             by
             the
             Merchant
             ,
             has
             very
             near
             exceeded
             the
             Money
             it self
             which
             is
             owing
             for
             his
             Wages
             .
             So
             God
             continue
             your
             Majesty's
             prosperous
             Successes
             against
             the
             common
             Enemy
             .
             
               From
               our
               Court
               at
            
             Westm
             .
             Feb.
             23.
             1658.
             
          
        
         
           
             Richard
             Protector
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             &c.
             To
             the
             most
             Eminent
             Lord
             Cardinal
             Mazarin
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Eminent
               Lord
               ,
            
          
           
             BY
             Letters
             to
             your
             Eminency
             ,
             about
             Eight
             Months
             since
             ,
             dated
             
               June
               13.
            
             we
             recommended
             
             to
             your
             Eminency
             the
             Cause
             of
             
               Peter
               Pet
            
             ,
             a
             Person
             of
             singular
             Probity
             ,
             and
             in
             all
             Naval
             Sciences
             most
             useful
             both
             to
             us
             and
             our
             Republick
             .
             His
             Ship
             ,
             call'd
             the
             Edward
             ,
             in
             the
             year
             1646.
             as
             we
             formerly
             Wrote
             ,
             was
             taken
             in
             the
             Mouth
             of
             the
             Thames
             ,
             by
             one
             Bascon
             ,
             and
             Sold
             in
             the
             Port
             of
             Boulogne
             ;
             and
             tho
             the
             King
             in
             his
             Royal
             Council
             ,
             the
             4th
             .
             of
             
               November
               1647.
            
             decreed
             ,
             That
             what
             Money
             the
             Council
             should
             think
             fitting
             to
             be
             given
             in
             Recompence
             of
             the
             Loss
             ,
             should
             be
             forthwith
             paid
             in
             satisfaction
             to
             the
             Owner
             :
             Nevertheless
             ,
             as
             he
             sets
             forth
             ,
             he
             could
             never
             reap
             the
             benefit
             of
             that
             Order
             .
             Now
             in
             regard
             we
             make
             no
             question
             ,
             but
             that
             your
             Eminency
             ,
             at
             our
             desire
             ,
             gave
             strict
             Command
             for
             the
             speedy
             Execution
             of
             that
             Decree
             ;
             we
             make
             it
             therefore
             our
             renew'd
             request
             ,
             That
             you
             would
             vouchfafe
             to
             examine
             where
             the
             impediment
             lies
             ,
             or
             through
             whose
             neglect
             or
             contumacy
             it
             came
             to
             pass
             ,
             that
             in
             Ten
             years
             time
             the
             King's
             decree
             was
             not
             obey'd
             ;
             and
             employ
             your
             Authority
             so
             effectually
             ,
             that
             the
             Money
             then
             Decreed
             ,
             which
             we
             thought
             long
             since
             satisfi'd
             ,
             may
             be
             speedily
             demanded
             and
             paid
             to
             our
             Petitioner
             .
             Thus
             your
             Eminency
             will
             perform
             an
             Act
             most
             grateful
             to
             Justice
             ,
             and
             lay
             moreover
             a
             singular
             Obligation
             upon
             our selves
             .
             
               From
               our
               Court
               at
            
             Westm
             .
             Feb.
             25.
             1658.
             
          
           
           
             The
             two
             following
             Letters
             ,
             after
             the
             Deposal
             of
             Richard
             ,
             were
             Written
             in
             the
             Name
             of
             the
             Parliament
             Restor'd
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             Parliament
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             &c.
             To
             the
             most
             Serene
             and
             Potent
             Prince
             ,
             Charles
             Gustavus
             ,
             King
             of
             the
             Swedes
             ,
             Goths
             and
             Vandalls
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               and
               Potent
               King
               ,
               our
               Dearest
               Friend
               ,
            
          
           
             SInce
             it
             has
             pleas'd
             the
             most
             merciful
             and
             Omnipotent
             God
             ,
             at
             whose
             Disposal
             only
             the
             Revolutions
             of
             all
             Kingdoms
             and
             Republicks
             are
             ,
             to
             restore
             us
             to
             our
             Pristin
             Authority
             ,
             and
             the
             Supream
             Administration
             of
             the
             English
             Affairs
             ,
             we
             thought
             it
             convenient
             in
             the
             first
             place
             to
             make
             it
             known
             to
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             and
             to
             signify
             moreover
             as
             well
             our
             Extraordinary
             Affection
             to
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             so
             Potent
             a
             Protestant
             Prince
             ,
             as
             also
             our
             most
             fervent
             Zeal
             to
             promote
             the
             Peace
             between
             your
             Majesty
             and
             the
             King
             of
             Denmark
             ,
             another
             most
             powerful
             Protestant
             King
             ,
             not
             to
             be
             reconcil'd
             without
             our
             Assistance
             and
             the
             good
             Offices
             of
             our
             Affection
             .
             Our
             Pleasure
             therefore
             is
             ,
             that
             our
             Extraordinary
             Envoy
             ,
             
               Philip
               Meadowes
            
             ,
             be
             continued
             in
             the
             same
             Employment
             with
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             
             with
             which
             he
             has
             bin
             hitherto
             entrusted
             from
             this
             Republick
             .
             To
             which
             end
             ,
             we
             impower
             him
             by
             these
             our
             Letters
             to
             make
             Proposals
             ,
             act
             and
             negotiate
             with
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             in
             the
             same
             manner
             as
             was
             granted
             him
             by
             his
             last
             Recommendations
             :
             and
             whatsoever
             he
             shall
             transact
             and
             conclude
             in
             our
             Name
             ,
             we
             faithfully
             promise
             and
             and
             engage
             ,
             by
             Gods
             Assistance
             ,
             to
             Confirm
             and
             Ratify
             .
             The
             same
             God
             long
             support
             your
             Majesty
             the
             Pillar
             and
             Support
             of
             the
             Protestant
             Interests
             .
             
               Westminster
               ,
               May
            
             ,
             15.
             1659.
             
          
           
             
               
                 William
                 Lenthal
              
               ,
               Speaker
               of
               the
               Parliament
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               of
               England
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             The
             Parliament
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             of
             England
             ,
             &c.
             To
             the
             most
             Serene
             Prince
             ,
             Frederick
             King
             of
             Denmark
             .
          
           
             
               Most
               Serene
               King
               and
               most
               Dear
               Friend
               ,
            
          
           
             SEeing
             it
             now
             is
             come
             to
             pass
             ,
             that
             by
             the
             Will
             and
             Pleasure
             of
             the
             most
             merciful
             and
             powerful
             God
             ,
             the
             Supream
             Moderator
             of
             all
             things
             ,
             we
             are
             restor'd
             to
             our
             Pristin
             Place
             and
             Dignity
             ,
             in
             the
             Administration
             of
             the
             Publick
             Affairs
             ,
             we
             thought
             it
             convenient
             in
             the
             first
             place
             that
             a
             Revolution
             of
             this
             Government
             should
             not
             be
             conceal'd
             from
             your
             Majesties
             notice
             ,
             
             a
             Prince
             both
             our
             Neighbour
             and
             Confederate
             ;
             and
             withal
             ,
             to
             signify
             ,
             how
             much
             we
             lay
             to
             Heart
             your
             ill
             Success
             :
             which
             you
             will
             easily
             perceive
             by
             our
             Zeal
             and
             Diligence
             ,
             that
             never
             shall
             be
             wanting
             in
             us
             to
             promote
             and
             accomplish
             a
             Reconciliation
             between
             your
             Majesty
             and
             the
             King
             of
             Sweden
             .
             And
             therefore
             we
             have
             Commanded
             our
             Extraordinary
             Envoy
             with
             the
             most
             Serene
             King
             of
             
               Sweden
               ,
               Philip
               Medows
            
             ,
             to
             attend
             your
             Majesty
             ,
             in
             our
             Name
             ,
             in
             order
             to
             these
             matters
             ,
             and
             to
             impart
             ,
             propound
             ,
             act
             and
             negotiate
             such
             things
             as
             we
             have
             given
             him
             in
             charge
             to
             Communicate
             to
             your
             Majesty
             :
             and
             what
             credit
             you
             shall
             give
             to
             him
             in
             this
             his
             Employment
             ,
             we
             request
             your
             Majesty
             to
             believe
             it
             given
             to
             our selves
             .
             God
             Almighty
             grant
             your
             Majesty
             a
             happy
             and
             joyful
             deliverance
             out
             of
             all
             your
             difficulties
             ,
             and
             afflicting
             Troubles
             under
             which
             you
             stand
             so
             undauntedly
             supported
             by
             your
             Fortitude
             and
             Magnanimity
             .
             
               Westminster
               ,
               May
            
             ,
             15.
             1659.
             
          
           
             
               
                 William
                 Lenthal
              
               ,
               Speaker
               of
               the
               Parliament
               of
               the
               Commonwealth
               of
               England
               .
            
          
        
         
           The
           End.
           
        
         
      
    
     
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A50909-e190
           
             *
             This
             word
             relates
             to
             his
             being
             a
             Protestant
             not
             a
             
             Roman-Catholick
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A50909-e13490
           
             *
             The
             Horses
             which
             threw
             him
             out
             of
             the
             Coach-box
             .