The militia reform'd, or, An easy scheme of furnishing England with a constant land-force capable to prevent or to subdue any forein power, and to maintain perpetual quiet at home without endangering the public liberty.
         Toland, John, 1670-1722.
      
       
         
           1699
        
      
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         A62850
         Wing T1766B_VARIANT
         ESTC R32810
         12761882
         ocm 12761882
         93516
         
           
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         Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 1537:47)
      
       
         
           
             The militia reform'd, or, An easy scheme of furnishing England with a constant land-force capable to prevent or to subdue any forein power, and to maintain perpetual quiet at home without endangering the public liberty.
             Toland, John, 1670-1722.
          
           
             The second edition.
          
           94 p.
           
             Printed for Daniel Brown ... and Andrew Bell ...,
             London:
             M.DC.XC.IX [1699]
          
           
             Attributed to Toland by Wing.
             Errata on p. 94.
             Imperfect: pages stained with loss of print.
             Reproduction of original in the Harvard University Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           Great Britain -- History, Military -- 1603-1714.
        
      
    
     
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             The
             Militia
             Reform'd
          
           :
           OR
           ,
           AN
           EASY
           SCHEME
           OF
           Furnishing
           ENGLAND
           with
           a
           Constant
           LAND-FORCE
           ,
           capable
           to
           prevent
           or
           to
           subdue
           any
           Forein
           Power
           ;
           and
           to
           maintain
           perpetual
           QUIET
           at
           Home
           ,
           without
           endangering
           the
           PUBLIC
           LIBERTY
           .
           The
           Second
           Edition
           .
        
         
           Tam
           Marte
           quam
           Mercurio
           .
        
         
           LONDON
           ,
           Printed
           for
           
             Daniel
             Brown
          
           at
           the
           Black
           Swan
           and
           Bible
           without
           Temple-Bar
           ;
           and
           
             Andrew
             Bell
          
           at
           the
           Cross-Keys
           and
           Bible
           in
           Cornhil
           .
           M.
           DC.XC.IX
           .
        
      
       
         
         
         
           BOOKS
           sold
           by
           
             Andrew
             Bell
          
           in
           Cornhil
           .
        
         
           DIscourses
           concerning
           Government
           ,
           by
           
             Algernon
             Sidney
          
           ,
           Son
           to
           Robert
           Earl
           of
           Leicester
           ,
           and
           Ambassador
           from
           the
           Commonwealth
           of
           England
           to
           
             Charles
             Gustavus
          
           King
           of
           
             Sweden
             .
             Published
             from
             an
             Original
             Manuscript
             of
             the
             Author
             .
          
           Price
           16
           s.
           
        
         
           A
           complete
           Collection
           of
           the
           Historical
           ,
           Political
           ,
           and
           Miscellaneous
           Works
           of
           
             Iohn
             Milton
          
           ,
           both
           English
           and
           Latin.
           With
           some
           Papers
           never
           before
           publish'd
           .
           In
           3
           Vol.
           To
           which
           is
           prefix'd
           ,
           The
           Life
           of
           the
           Author
           ,
           containing
           ,
           besides
           the
           History
           of
           his
           Works
           ,
           several
           extraordinary
           Characters
           of
           Men
           and
           Books
           ,
           Sects
           ,
           Parties
           ,
           and
           Opinions
           .
           Price
           40
           s.
           
        
         
           The
           General
           History
           of
           England
           both
           Ecclesiastical
           and
           Civil
           ,
           from
           the
           earliest
           Accounts
           of
           Time
           to
           the
           Reign
           of
           his
           present
           Majesty
           King
           William
           III.
           Taken
           from
           the
           most
           antient
           Records
           ,
           Manuscripts
           and
           Historians
           .
           Containing
           the
           Lives
           of
           the
           Kings
           ,
           and
           Memorials
           of
           the
           most
           Eminent
           Persons
           both
           in
           Church
           and
           State.
           With
           the
           Foundations
           of
           the
           Noted
           Monasteries
           ,
           and
           both
           the
           Universities
           .
           Vol.
           I.
           By
           
             Iames
             Tyrrel
          
           
             Esq
          
           Fol.
           Price
           1
           l.
           
        
         
           An
           Inquiry
           concerning
           Virtue
           ,
           in
           two
           Discourses
           :
           the
           first
           of
           Virtue
           ,
           and
           the
           belief
           of
           a
           Deity
           ;
           the
           second
           ,
           of
           the
           Obligations
           to
           Virtue
           .
           Price
           in
           Calf
           2
           s.
           6
           d.
           
        
         
           An
           Essay
           concerning
           the
           Power
           of
           the
           Magistrate
           ,
           and
           the
           Rights
           of
           Mankind
           in
           Matters
           of
           Religion
           .
           With
           some
           Reasons
           in
           particular
           for
           the
           Dissenters
           not
           being
           oblig'd
           to
           take
           the
           Sacramental
           Test
           but
           in
           their
           own
           Churches
           ,
           and
           for
           a
           General
           Naturalization
           .
           Together
           with
           a
           Postscript
           in
           answer
           to
           the
           Letter
           to
           a
           Convocation-man
           .
           Price
           in
           Calf
           2
           s.
           6
           d.
           
        
         
           A
           Detection
           of
           the
           Court
           and
           State
           of
           England
           during
           the
           4
           last
           Reigns
           ,
           and
           the
           Interregnum
           ;
           consisting
           of
           private
           Memoirs
           ,
           &c.
           
           With
           Observations
           and
           Reflections
           ;
           and
           an
           Appendix
           discovering
           the
           present
           State
           of
           the
           Nation
           .
           Wherein
           are
           many
           Secrets
           never
           before
           made
           publick
           ;
           as
           also
           a
           more
           impartial
           Account
           of
           the
           Civil
           Wars
           in
           England
           than
           has
           yet
           been
           given
           .
           By
           
             R.
             Coke
          
           
             Esq
          
           The
           3d
           Edition
           very
           much
           corrected
           ,
           with
           an
           Alphabetical
           Table
           .
           Price
           7
           s.
           
        
         
         
           An
           Account
           of
           the
           first
           Voyages
           and
           Discoveries
           made
           by
           the
           Spaniards
           in
           America
           .
           Containing
           the
           most
           exact
           Relation
           hitherto
           publish'd
           ,
           of
           their
           unparallel'd
           Cruelties
           on
           the
           Indians
           ,
           in
           the
           destruction
           of
           above
           40
           Millions
           of
           People
           .
           Together
           with
           the
           Propositions
           offered
           to
           the
           King
           of
           Spain
           to
           prevent
           the
           further
           Ruin
           of
           the
           West-Indies
           .
           By
           
             Don
             Bartholomew
             de
             las
             Casas
          
           ,
           Bishop
           of
           Chiapa
           ,
           who
           was
           an
           Eye
           witness
           of
           their
           Cruelties
           .
           Illustrated
           with
           Cuts
           .
           To
           which
           is
           added
           ,
           
             The
             Art
             of
             Travelling
          
           ,
           shewing
           how
           a
           Man
           may
           dispose
           his
           Travels
           to
           the
           best
           advantage
           .
           Price
           in
           Calf
           4
           s.
           
        
         
           The
           Art
           of
           Memory
           :
           A
           Treatise
           useful
           for
           all
           ,
           especially
           such
           as
           are
           to
           speak
           in
           publick
           .
           By
           
             Marius
             D'
             Assigny
          
           B.
           D.
           Price
           1
           s.
           
        
         
           A
           Letter
           to
           his
           Majesty
           K.
           William
           III.
           shewing
           ,
           I.
           The
           Original
           Foundation
           of
           the
           English
           Monarchy
           .
           II.
           The
           Means
           by
           which
           it
           was
           removed
           from
           that
           Foundation
           .
           III.
           the
           Expedients
           by
           which
           it
           has
           bin
           supported
           since
           that
           Removal
           .
           IV.
           The
           best
           Means
           by
           which
           its
           Grandure
           may
           be
           for
           ever
           maintain'd
           .
           Price
           4
           d.
           
        
         
           A
           Letter
           to
           a
           Member
           of
           Parliament
           ,
           shewing
           that
           a
           Restraint
           on
           the
           Press
           is
           inconsistent
           with
           the
           Protestant
           Religion
           ,
           and
           dangerous
           to
           the
           Liberties
           of
           the
           Nation
           .
           Price
           6
           d.
           
        
         
           There
           are
           now
           in
           the
           Press
           ,
        
         
           The
           second
           Volume
           of
           Mr.
           
           Tyrrel's
           History
           of
           England
           ,
           for
           which
           Proposals
           are
           printed
           .
        
         
           The
           second
           Edition
           of
           the
           Compleat
           History
           of
           Europe
           :
           Or
           ,
           a
           View
           of
           the
           Affairs
           thereof
           ,
           Civil
           and
           Military
           ,
           from
           the
           beginning
           of
           the
           Treaty
           of
           Nimeguen
           ,
           1676
           ,
           to
           this
           present
           Year
           1699.
           
           Wherein
           are
           several
           remarkable
           Transactions
           ,
           &c.
           not
           in
           the
           former
           Edition
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
         
         
           The
           Militia
           Reform'd
           ,
           &c.
           
        
         
           THE
           following
           Discourse
           (
           most
           Noble
           LORD
           )
           begun
           at
           your
           Request
           ,
           and
           finish'd
           within
           the
           short
           time
           You
           prescrib'd
           ,
           is
           now
           made
           a
           Present
           to
           the
           World
           ;
           which
           ,
           if
           the
           Favour
           deserves
           any
           Return
           ,
           is
           oblig'd
           to
           your
           Lordship
           for
           the
           Publication
           .
           You
           have
           long
           since
           justly
           acquir'd
           the
           Esteem
           of
           all
           good
           Men
           ;
           and
           the
           known
           measure
           of
           their
           Prayers
           ,
           when
           they
           wish
           their
           Relations
           happy
           ,
           is
           that
           they
           may
           equal
           your
           Lordship's
           Probity
           and
           Understanding
           .
           But
           tho
           you
           neither
           want
           ,
           nor
           desire
           the
           regards
           of
           any
           besides
           the
           Vertuous
           ;
           yet
           no
           News
           can
           be
           more
           pleasing
           ,
           than
           to
           hear
           of
           a
           constant
           
           Addition
           to
           your
           Friends
           ,
           this
           being
           an
           infallible
           Sign
           ,
           that
           the
           Number
           of
           Publick-spirited
           Men
           increases
           :
           For
           he
           must
           needs
           be
           your
           sworn
           Enemy
           ,
           who
           is
           not
           a
           hearty
           lover
           of
           his
           Country
           .
           I
           purposely
           forbear
           to
           express
           your
           Name
           ,
           or
           to
           enlarge
           an
           Encomium
           ,
           which
           ,
           I
           know
           ,
           will
           not
           be
           grateful
           ,
           tho
           unsuspected
           of
           Flattery
           ;
           and
           therefore
           I
           leave
           your
           Lordship
           to
           be
           entertain'd
           by
           mine
           ,
           or
           your
           own
           more
           solid
           Observations
           .
        
         
           1.
           
           TO
           employ
           one's
           Thoughts
           on
           what
           he
           pleases
           ,
           and
           to
           speak
           as
           freely
           as
           he
           thinks
           ,
           is
           the
           greatest
           Advantage
           of
           living
           in
           a
           free
           Government
           ;
           the
           next
           to
           this
           is
           being
           Master
           of
           what
           you
           possess
           from
           the
           Favour
           of
           others
           ,
           or
           by
           your
           own
           Industry
           ;
           and
           then
           ,
           that
           Merit
           is
           indifferently
           rewarded
           in
           Persons
           of
           all
           Conditions
           and
           Degrees
           .
           Their
           due
           Value
           is
           ordinarily
           set
           upon
           
           the
           two
           last
           by
           most
           Men
           ,
           and
           Life
           it self
           should
           be
           readily
           expos'd
           to
           maintain
           or
           acquire
           the
           first
           ;
           for
           ,
           without
           it
           to
           live
           ,
           is
           ,
           in
           my
           Opinion
           ,
           worse
           than
           any
           Death
           .
           Under
           Despotick
           Princes
           none
           dares
           mutter
           at
           his
           own
           ,
           or
           the
           Sufferings
           of
           his
           Fellows
           ;
           much
           less
           put
           so
           much
           Confidence
           in
           his
           dearest
           Friend
           ,
           as
           to
           condole
           their
           common
           Slavery
           ,
           where
           the
           Informer
           is
           tempted
           with
           immense
           Rewards
           ,
           and
           certain
           Death
           or
           Disgrace
           attend
           the
           Accus'd
           .
           This
           is
           the
           bless'd
           Unity
           of
           that
           Constitution
           which
           some
           admire
           so
           much
           ,
           because
           no
           Complaints
           are
           heard
           in
           it
           ;
           whence
           they
           would
           persuade
           us
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           also
           free
           from
           all
           Grievances
           .
           But
           where
           Laws
           secure
           the
           Rights
           of
           the
           SUBJECT
           ,
           with
           the
           same
           Care
           as
           the
           Privileges
           of
           the
           MAGISTRATE
           ,
           no
           sooner
           is
           any
           pinch'd
           but
           he
           cries
           out
           ;
           and
           the
           Authors
           of
           the
           Peoples
           Oppression
           are
           oblig'd
           to
           change
           their
           Conduct
           ,
           or
           to
           rectify
           their
           Mistakes
           .
           Either
           the
           PRINCE
           is
           disabus'd
           ,
           when
           his
           MINISTERS
           have
           seduc'd
           him
           by
           false
           Representations
           ;
           or
           sometimes
           the
           MINISTERS
           refuse
           to
           act
           ,
           if
           the
           PRINCE
           be
           resolv'd
           upon
           Arbitrary
           Courses
           .
           Now
           ,
           't
           is
           our
           peculiar
           Happiness
           
           in
           England
           ,
           that
           no
           other
           Government
           in
           Europe
           is
           equal
           to
           us
           ,
           whether
           the
           DIGNITY
           of
           the
           Magistracy
           ,
           or
           the
           LIBERTY
           of
           the
           People
           be
           consider'd
           .
           But
           particularly
           in
           all
           dubious
           Affairs
           of
           Publick
           Concern
           ,
           't
           is
           every
           Man's
           Duty
           to
           assist
           his
           Country
           by
           his
           Advice
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           with
           his
           Hand
           in
           time
           of
           Danger
           :
           And
           Matters
           are
           as
           freely
           debated
           among
           us
           abroad
           ,
           as
           within
           their
           own
           Walls
           by
           our
           Senators
           ,
           who
           likewise
           in
           their
           printed
           Votes
           inform
           us
           of
           all
           their
           Resolutions
           and
           Proceedings
           .
           These
           Considerations
           ,
           join'd
           with
           the
           Request
           of
           a
           Person
           I
           honour
           ,
           have
           prevail'd
           with
           me
           to
           deliver
           my
           Opinion
           at
           this
           time
           concerning
           the
           modelling
           and
           disciplining
           of
           our
           MILITIA
           ;
           and
           I
           question
           not
           but
           it
           will
           by
           our
           Wise
           and
           August
           Parliament
           be
           establish'd
           on
           such
           a
           foot
           as
           shall
           effectually
           defend
           us
           hereafter
           against
           all
           Foreign
           Force
           ,
           and
           constantly
           preserve
           our
           Freedom
           and
           Peace
           at
           home
           .
        
         
           2.
           
           But
           before
           I
           descend
           to
           any
           Particulars
           ,
           I
           must
           premise
           something
           concerning
           the
           present
           Factions
           that
           unfortunately
           divide
           us
           ,
           and
           which
           discover
           their
           fatal
           Effects
           too
           much
           upon
           the
           present
           Occasion
           .
           One
           says
           ,
           the
           TORIES
           
           will
           never
           heartily
           consent
           to
           any
           Model
           that
           makes
           the
           MILITIA
           useful
           :
           Another
           replies
           ,
           that
           this
           is
           only
           an
           ill-natur'd
           Insinuation
           ,
           while
           some
           of
           the
           WHIGS
           oppose
           the
           thing
           openly
           ,
           and
           are
           glad
           of
           any
           Pretence
           to
           conceal
           their
           true
           Reasons
           .
           But
           these
           Names
           are
           now
           of
           a
           very
           doubtful
           signification
           .
           We
           hear
           of
           Court
           and
           Country
           ,
           of
           Apostate
           and
           Adhering
           WHIGS
           ;
           nor
           are
           the
           TORIES
           more
           united
           among
           themselves
           .
           'T
           is
           observable
           that
           no
           Man
           ,
           however
           otherwise
           negligent
           of
           his
           Conduct
           ,
           is
           willing
           to
           own
           that
           without
           any
           reason
           at
           all
           he
           differs
           from
           others
           in
           Word
           or
           Action
           :
           but
           whether
           he
           dissembles
           ,
           or
           ingenuously
           tells
           the
           Cause
           of
           his
           Dissent
           ,
           yet
           Interest
           or
           Conscience
           (
           real
           or
           mistaken
           )
           are
           the
           two
           principal
           Springs
           of
           all
           Divisions
           .
           Indeed
           we
           find
           by
           frequent
           Experience
           ,
           that
           where
           Interest
           secretly
           governs
           ,
           Conscience
           is
           openly
           pretended
           ;
           but
           in
           this
           case
           no
           body's
           bare
           Profession
           is
           to
           be
           regarded
           ,
           his
           Actions
           being
           the
           most
           certain
           Interpreter
           of
           his
           Thoughts
           .
           If
           one
           therefore
           ,
           who
           would
           pass
           for
           a
           Patriot
           ,
           has
           any
           Interest
           separate
           from
           that
           of
           the
           Publick
           ,
           he
           's
           no
           longer
           entitl'd
           to
           this
           Denomination
           ;
           
           but
           is
           a
           real
           Hypocrite
           that
           's
           ready
           to
           sacrifice
           the
           Common
           Good
           to
           his
           Private
           Gain
           ,
           than
           which
           no
           worse
           can
           be
           said
           of
           any
           particular
           Faction
           .
           Now
           such
           Distinctions
           as
           these
           of
           WHIG
           and
           TORY
           ,
           cannot
           miss
           of
           being
           often
           made
           with
           a
           great
           deal
           of
           Partiality
           and
           Injustice
           ;
           for
           ,
           according
           to
           your
           predominant
           Passion
           ,
           he
           's
           a
           WHIG
           whom
           you
           love
           ,
           and
           he
           that
           you
           hate
           's
           a
           TORY
           ;
           and
           so
           on
           the
           contrary
           ,
           as
           you
           happen
           to
           be
           engag'd
           in
           either
           Party
           .
           Nothwithstanding
           ▪
           't
           is
           sometimes
           a
           mighty
           easy
           thing
           to
           see
           through
           all
           these
           feign'd
           Pretences
           .
           Should
           one
           ,
           for
           Example
           ,
           who
           was
           formerly
           taken
           for
           a
           Friend
           to
           LIBERTY
           ,
           now
           that
           he
           has
           got
           or
           expects
           Preferment
           ,
           neglect
           or
           oppose
           any
           Publick
           Good
           ,
           in
           promoting
           which
           he
           might
           be
           disappointed
           or
           depriv'd
           of
           his
           Post
           ;
           this
           Man
           must
           not
           think
           to
           live
           always
           upon
           the
           Credit
           of
           the
           old
           Stock
           ,
           when
           it
           appears
           that
           either
           he
           has
           entirely
           chang'd
           his
           Sentiments
           ,
           or
           was
           never
           sincere
           ;
           and
           that
           he
           resisted
           the
           former
           Powers
           ,
           because
           they
           were
           not
           kind
           enough
           to
           him
           ,
           but
           not
           out
           of
           any
           fix'd
           Enmity
           to
           SLAVERY
           .
           Some
           Folks
           there
           be
           who
           seem'd
           at
           the
           beginning
           to
           favour
           
           the
           REVOLUTION
           ,
           yet
           ever
           since
           oppos'd
           the
           Government
           ,
           because
           they
           think
           their
           real
           or
           fanci'd
           Merit
           not
           sufficiently
           rewarded
           by
           the
           King
           ,
           to
           whom
           it
           is
           impossible
           to
           heap
           Preferments
           upon
           every
           Body
           tho
           never
           so
           deserving
           ,
           unless
           they
           would
           be
           all
           Commanders
           without
           any
           to
           obey
           them
           .
           But
           we
           likewise
           know
           others
           who
           from
           Enemies
           to
           King
           WILLIAM
           ,
           are
           become
           his
           Friends
           ;
           and
           this
           of
           all
           Changes
           is
           the
           most
           natural
           and
           commendable
           ,
           that
           one
           who
           by
           Education
           ,
           Example
           ,
           or
           otherwise
           ,
           was
           once
           engag'd
           against
           the
           Interest
           of
           his
           Country
           ,
           should
           upon
           better
           consideration
           desert
           a
           Party
           to
           join
           with
           the
           Publick
           .
           Several
           of
           these
           ,
           it
           may
           be
           ,
           never
           thought
           during
           one
           hour
           of
           the
           Original
           or
           End
           of
           Societies
           ,
           till
           the
           late
           Differences
           gave
           'em
           an
           opportunity
           and
           incouragement
           to
           do
           it
           :
           And
           if
           the
           Discovery
           of
           Truth
           proves
           to
           be
           the
           Result
           of
           their
           Study
           ,
           we
           ought
           not
           to
           reject
           their
           Reasons
           now
           ,
           because
           we
           justly
           disallow'd
           their
           Errors
           before
           .
           Certainly
           a
           true
           PATRIOT
           can
           be
           of
           no
           Faction
           ,
           nor
           consequently
           for
           excluding
           any
           from
           sharing
           the
           Blessings
           of
           that
           LIBERTY
           they
           are
           willing
           to
           support
           .
           
           If
           the
           Romans
           admitted
           their
           vanquish'd
           Enemies
           to
           an
           equal
           participation
           of
           their
           Laws
           and
           Privileges
           ,
           how
           much
           more
           readily
           should
           we
           embrace
           our
           own
           Country-men
           with
           both
           Arms
           ,
           and
           welcome
           the
           return
           of
           our
           prodigal
           Brethren
           to
           their
           Duty
           towards
           our
           common
           Mother
           ?
           But
           granting
           that
           in
           this
           Business
           of
           the
           MILITIA
           ,
           some
           of
           those
           who
           promote
           it
           are
           not
           sincere
           ,
           tho
           Charity
           commands
           us
           to
           hope
           the
           best
           ,
           we
           need
           not
           be
           sollicitous
           whether
           they
           are
           or
           not
           ,
           so
           long
           as
           the
           thing
           is
           good
           in
           it self
           ,
           and
           they
           concur
           with
           us
           in
           establishing
           a
           Constitution
           they
           cannot
           afterwards
           resist
           if
           they
           would
           ,
           nor
           ,
           I
           hope
           ,
           be
           willing
           ,
           if
           they
           could
           .
           This
           is
           the
           highest
           Mark
           of
           Sincerity
           ;
           and
           ,
           for
           my
           part
           ,
           I
           shall
           never
           think
           him
           a
           Fo
           to
           England
           that
           has
           a
           hand
           in
           it
           .
           But
           if
           any
           continue
           still
           scrupulous
           ,
           let
           him
           not
           be
           asham'd
           to
           imitate
           the
           Prudence
           of
           the
           great
           Apostle
           ,
           who
           said
           ,
           
             Some
             preach
          
           Christ
           
             even
             out
             of
             Envy
             and
             Strife
             ,
             
             and
             some
             also
             out
             of
             good
             Will
             ;
             The
             one
             preach
          
           Christ
           
             out
             of
             Contention
             ,
             not
             sincerely
             ;
             —
             but
             the
             other
             out
             of
             love
             .
             —
             What
             then
             ?
             Notwithstanding
             ,
             everyway
             ,
             whether
             in
             Pretence
             ,
             or
             in
             Truth
             ,
          
           Christ
           
             is
             preach'd
             ;
             
             and
             I
             therein
             do
             rejoice
             ,
             yea
             and
             will
             rejoice
             .
          
           Now
           what
           's
           judg'd
           lawful
           in
           Religion
           ,
           and
           by
           an
           Apostle
           too
           ,
           may
           ,
           I
           think
           ,
           with
           a
           very
           good
           Grace
           be
           admitted
           in
           Politicks
           .
           After
           all
           ,
           I
           am
           the
           farthest
           imaginable
           from
           being
           an
           Advocate
           for
           any
           disaffected
           Persons
           .
           The
           Government
           is
           under
           no
           Obligation
           to
           indulge
           Men
           continuing
           in
           opposition
           to
           it
           ;
           nor
           should
           those
           ,
           who
           are
           resolv'd
           upon
           adhering
           to
           the
           late
           King
           ,
           think
           upon
           abusing
           the
           Lenity
           of
           the
           present
           ,
           if
           the
           Immortal
           BRUTUS
           spar'd
           not
           his
           own
           Sons
           ,
           when
           they
           were
           found
           plotting
           the
           Restoration
           of
           the
           Abdicated
           Tyrant
           .
        
         
           3.
           
           Another
           thing
           I
           am
           sorry
           to
           hear
           out
           of
           a
           great
           many
           peoples
           Mouths
           ,
           is
           ,
           that
           we
           have
           not
           Vertue
           enough
           to
           agree
           upon
           any
           tolerable
           Model
           of
           training
           our
           MILITIA
           ,
           and
           that
           it
           's
           almost
           impossible
           we
           should
           ever
           recover
           our
           former
           Reputation
           of
           Valour
           .
           But
           this
           Argument
           is
           nothing
           the
           less
           weak
           for
           being
           so
           common
           ;
           and
           the
           true
           Intent
           of
           such
           as
           always
           cry
           none
           but
           good
           Men
           can
           make
           good
           Laws
           ,
           is
           (
           besides
           affronting
           others
           )
           to
           place
           all
           Power
           in
           the
           hands
           of
           their
           own
           Party
           ,
           who
           with
           them
           are
           the
           only
           good
           Men.
           
           'T
           is
           Government
           or
           Education
           makes
           all
           the
           Difference
           among
           Nations
           as
           to
           Military
           and
           Civil
           Discipline
           ,
           foreign
           Commerce
           ,
           domestick
           Oeconomy
           ,
           or
           the
           like
           .
           Upon
           the
           first
           Discovery
           of
           this
           Island
           by
           the
           Romans
           ,
           its
           Inhabitants
           were
           found
           as
           savage
           as
           we
           know
           the
           Americans
           to
           be
           now
           .
           The
           Climate
           of
           Rome
           is
           still
           the
           same
           ,
           the
           Bodies
           of
           its
           Citizens
           ,
           and
           the
           Distances
           of
           other
           Places
           remain
           the
           same
           ;
           yet
           they
           have
           wholly
           lost
           the
           Secret
           of
           conquering
           the
           World
           ,
           and
           are
           become
           as
           poor
           and
           mean
           spirited
           as
           their
           Ancestors
           were
           gallant
           and
           brave
           :
           for
           the
           latter
           were
           free
           ,
           and
           the
           former
           are
           ignorant
           Slaves
           .
           To
           come
           nearer
           home
           ,
           all
           the
           Pains
           imaginable
           have
           been
           taken
           for
           a
           considerable
           space
           to
           render
           our selves
           luxurious
           and
           illiterate
           ,
           the
           better
           to
           dispose
           us
           to
           favour
           the
           tyrannical
           Designs
           of
           our
           late
           Kings
           ;
           but
           have
           we
           not
           so
           retriev'd
           our
           Credit
           in
           Europe
           under
           the
           Administration
           of
           his
           present
           Majesty
           ,
           as
           if
           we
           had
           voluntarily
           suffer'd
           it
           to
           be
           eclips'd
           a
           while
           ,
           that
           it
           might
           shine
           the
           brighter
           ever
           after
           ?
           And
           to
           apply
           this
           more
           particularly
           still
           ,
           I
           readily
           own
           that
           the
           MILITIA
           ,
           as
           now
           regulated
           ,
           is
           burdensom
           and
           useless
           ;
           but
           it
           follows
           
           not
           that
           all
           are
           necessarily
           so
           ,
           the
           contrary
           being
           plain
           from
           the
           Histories
           of
           every
           Age
           as
           well
           as
           from
           present
           Experience
           .
           And
           before
           I
           have
           done
           I
           shall
           give
           a
           Demonstration
           that
           the
           Frame
           of
           our
           Militia
           could
           not
           be
           more
           successfully
           contriv'd
           to
           render
           it
           the
           Object
           of
           the
           Peoples
           Contempt
           and
           Aversion
           ,
           with
           a
           Design
           to
           create
           in
           them
           a
           good
           Opinion
           of
           Mercenaries
           ,
           and
           to
           make
           'em
           believe
           a
           necessity
           of
           always
           keeping
           up
           a
           Standing
           Force
           of
           such
           .
           In
           a
           word
           ,
           when
           our
           Men
           are
           better
           train'd
           ,
           they
           will
           not
           make
           such
           a
           ridiculous
           Figure
           under
           their
           Arms
           ;
           and
           when
           the
           Charge
           is
           less
           felt
           or
           laid
           out
           to
           better
           purpose
           ,
           it
           will
           be
           more
           cheerfully
           paid
           .
        
         
           4.
           
           But
           we
           are
           still
           encompass'd
           with
           many
           Dangers
           .
           It
           's
           said
           that
           those
           Souldiers
           who
           have
           so
           bravely
           fought
           for
           ours
           and
           the
           Liberties
           of
           Europe
           ,
           declare
           it
           is
           not
           from
           any
           private
           Interest
           of
           their
           own
           ,
           but
           out
           of
           regard
           to
           our
           future
           Safety
           ,
           they
           desir'd
           to
           be
           kept
           on
           foot
           ;
           and
           that
           in
           Honour
           we
           ought
           not
           to
           discharge
           Men
           who
           suffer'd
           so
           much
           for
           our
           sakes
           .
           We
           are
           to
           blame
           indeed
           if
           we
           don't
           sufficiently
           provide
           for
           our
           own
           Security
           ;
           but
           as
           to
           the
           
           Souldier's
           Merits
           ,
           I
           answer
           first
           ,
           that
           their
           past
           Service
           is
           duly
           acknowledg'd
           ,
           and
           order'd
           to
           be
           rewarded
           .
           Secondly
           ,
           That
           such
           as
           never
           saw
           our
           Enemies
           ,
           are
           more
           clamorous
           than
           those
           who
           beat
           them
           .
           And
           ,
           Thirdly
           ,
           That
           this
           unreasonable
           Demand
           was
           not
           made
           by
           the
           Body
           of
           the
           common
           Souldiers
           ,
           who
           are
           generally
           desirous
           of
           returning
           home
           to
           their
           Wives
           ,
           or
           their
           Relations
           ,
           or
           their
           Callings
           ;
           and
           more
           particularly
           at
           this
           time
           ,
           because
           that
           hitherto
           they
           have
           known
           nothing
           but
           the
           Danger
           ,
           Want
           ,
           or
           Fatigue
           of
           the
           War
           ;
           whereas
           ,
           once
           tasting
           the
           Pleasures
           of
           Idleness
           and
           Ease
           ,
           they
           will
           every
           day
           become
           less
           willing
           to
           disband
           .
           And
           now
           the
           Question
           all
           this
           while
           ought
           not
           to
           have
           been
           ,
           whether
           these
           Gentlemen
           mean
           what
           they
           say
           ,
           or
           only
           pretend
           it
           ;
           but
           what
           's
           most
           for
           the
           Advantage
           of
           the
           Nation
           .
           This
           was
           the
           Motive
           of
           raising
           them
           ,
           and
           should
           be
           that
           of
           establishing
           or
           laying
           them
           aside
           .
           War
           being
           their
           Trade
           ,
           't
           is
           no
           wonder
           if
           they
           be
           always
           for
           continuing
           it
           ;
           nor
           can
           it
           ever
           happen
           to
           be
           otherwise
           ,
           should
           they
           be
           wholly
           left
           to
           themselves
           ,
           no
           more
           than
           any
           other
           Persons
           ,
           without
           the
           Intervention
           of
           the
           Civil
           Authority
           ,
           
           would
           reform
           the
           Abuses
           of
           their
           own
           Professions
           .
           But
           the
           Parliament
           has
           now
           put
           an
           end
           to
           this
           Dispute
           ;
           and
           ,
           to
           the
           great
           Satisfaction
           of
           all
           good
           Men
           ,
           granted
           to
           his
           Majesty
           a
           sufficient
           Guard
           both
           for
           the
           Honour
           and
           Safety
           of
           his
           Person
           ,
           with
           a
           competent
           Number
           besides
           to
           secure
           some
           important
           Places
           till
           the
           New
           MILITIA
           is
           regulated
           ,
           which
           ,
           I
           hope
           ,
           in
           a
           little
           time
           may
           be
           happily
           effected
           .
           In
           the
           following
           Model
           Provision
           is
           made
           for
           several
           hundreds
           of
           the
           disbanded
           Army
           ,
           and
           I
           dare
           say
           the
           Change
           propos'd
           in
           their
           Condition
           will
           give
           most
           of
           'em
           Satisfaction
           ;
           tho
           ,
           by
           the
           way
           ,
           they
           ought
           to
           be
           content
           ,
           should
           the
           Parliament
           proceed
           no
           further
           to
           gratify
           them
           than
           they
           have
           already
           resolv'd
           .
           The
           most
           stupid
           Souldier
           knows
           very
           well
           an
           Army
           has
           nothing
           in
           it
           so
           charming
           that
           could
           induce
           the
           Nation
           to
           raise
           one
           ,
           but
           upon
           some
           pressing
           Necessity
           ,
           and
           not
           to
           keep
           '
           up
           perpetually
           ;
           nor
           can
           the
           Service
           perform'd
           be
           ever
           so
           great
           ,
           as
           not
           to
           be
           requited
           under
           such
           a
           Return
           .
           I
           cannot
           determin
           whether
           it
           would
           occasion
           more
           Indignation
           or
           Mirth
           to
           hear
           a
           Man
           contending
           ,
           that
           because
           the
           Souldiers
           defended
           
           our
           Liberty
           at
           the
           publick
           Charge
           for
           nine
           Years
           against
           the
           French
           ,
           we
           can
           do
           no
           less
           than
           become
           their
           Slaves
           for
           ever
           .
           This
           Paradox
           is
           too
           gross
           for
           any
           to
           maintain
           ,
           or
           perhaps
           to
           intend
           ;
           yet
           every
           considering
           and
           indifferent
           Person
           must
           perceive
           the
           Consequence
           to
           be
           true
           .
           I
           shall
           therefore
           ,
           to
           avoid
           the
           Labour
           of
           proving
           what
           is
           self-evident
           ,
           put
           you
           only
           in
           mind
           of
           the
           Gentleman
           ,
           who
           ,
           having
           engag'd
           the
           Maid
           to
           speak
           a
           good
           Word
           for
           him
           to
           her
           Mistriss
           ,
           would
           needs
           when
           the
           Lady
           consented
           quit
           her
           ,
           and
           marry
           the
           Maid
           ,
           out
           of
           pure
           Gratitude
           for
           the
           pains
           she
           had
           taken
           on
           his
           behalf
           .
        
         
           5.
           
           But
           the
           Honour
           and
           Safety
           of
           the
           Nation
           is
           the
           commendable
           Design
           of
           all
           sides
           ;
           wherein
           they
           are
           certainly
           in
           the
           right
           ,
           since
           all
           Countries
           must
           have
           some
           Force
           to
           defend
           them
           against
           foreign
           Invasions
           and
           domestick
           Tumults
           :
           for
           as
           it
           was
           their
           own
           Good
           and
           Security
           which
           occasion'd
           Men
           first
           to
           quit
           the
           State
           of
           Nature
           ,
           and
           to
           associate
           themselves
           into
           Governments
           ;
           so
           the
           Raising
           and
           Regulation
           of
           their
           Forces
           must
           be
           directed
           and
           accommodated
           to
           the
           same
           ends
           .
           An
           Island
           is
           best
           situated
           for
           Preservation
           ,
           as
           having
           need
           
           of
           little
           other
           Force
           ,
           either
           to
           infest
           foreign
           Coasts
           ,
           or
           to
           protect
           its
           own
           ,
           besides
           a
           numerous
           FLEET
           which
           it
           can
           never
           want
           .
           But
           if
           it
           be
           likewise
           a
           Government
           for
           Encrease
           ,
           such
           as
           ours
           ,
           its
           Situation
           naturally
           leading
           it
           to
           Trade
           and
           planting
           of
           Colonies
           ;
           and
           if
           it
           has
           the
           noble
           Ambition
           of
           holding
           the
           Balance
           steddy
           between
           other
           Governments
           ,
           of
           succouring
           the
           Distress'd
           ,
           and
           grudging
           Liberty
           to
           none
           ,
           then
           it
           must
           be
           always
           provided
           with
           a
           considerable
           Land-Force
           .
           Of
           this
           there
           's
           no
           Dispute
           .
           Then
           the
           only
           Question
           is
           ,
           Whether
           it
           be
           safest
           to
           trust
           Arms
           continually
           in
           the
           hands
           of
           ignorant
           ,
           idle
           ,
           and
           needy
           Persons
           ;
           or
           ,
           only
           when
           there
           's
           occasion
           for
           it
           ,
           in
           the
           hands
           of
           sober
           ,
           industrious
           ,
           and
           understanding
           Freemen
           .
           That
           the
           latter
           can
           never
           be
           dangerous
           to
           our
           Liberty
           and
           Property
           at
           home
           ,
           and
           will
           be
           infinitely
           more
           effectual
           against
           an
           Enemy
           attacking
           ,
           or
           invaded
           by
           us
           ,
           I
           am
           now
           going
           to
           prove
           ;
           and
           at
           the
           same
           time
           to
           deliver
           an
           intelligible
           and
           practicable
           MODEL
           of
           disciplining
           and
           maintaining
           such
           a
           Force
           with
           very
           little
           Charge
           ,
           and
           no
           Trouble
           at
           all
           .
           My
           Method
           shall
           be
           to
           lay
           down
           a
           few
           Propositions
           ,
           and
           those
           
           very
           short
           ,
           to
           each
           of
           which
           I
           subjoin
           a
           Discourse
           confirming
           or
           explaining
           it
           ,
           and
           containing
           what
           other
           Remarks
           might
           be
           naturally
           made
           in
           that
           Place
           .
           But
           I
           am
           so
           far
           from
           writing
           all
           I
           have
           read
           or
           observ'd
           upon
           this
           Subject
           ,
           that
           I
           shall
           omit
           several
           useful
           things
           wherein
           the
           World
           seems
           to
           be
           already
           well
           satisfy'd
           ,
           or
           that
           are
           not
           absolutely
           essential
           to
           my
           purpose
           .
           As
           I
           expect
           the
           common
           Fate
           of
           all
           Writers
           ,
           that
           some
           probably
           out
           of
           Ignorance
           or
           Malice
           ,
           and
           others
           ,
           perhaps
           ,
           from
           substantial
           Reasons
           may
           except
           against
           my
           Performance
           ;
           so
           I
           desire
           (
           as
           in
           Justice
           I
           am
           bound
           )
           that
           all
           real
           Imperfections
           ,
           or
           whatever
           the
           Injudicious
           and
           Envious
           may
           mistake
           for
           such
           ,
           be
           wholly
           laid
           at
           my
           own
           door
           ,
           and
           not
           charg'd
           upon
           the
           Subject
           ,
           which
           ought
           not
           to
           suffer
           under
           the
           Disadvantage
           of
           unskilful
           Management
           .
        
         
           6.
           
           Now
           my
           First
           Proposition
           shall
           be
           ,
           THAT
           ENGLAND
           CONSISTING
           OF
           FREEMEN
           AND
           SERVANTS
           ,
           NONE
           BE
           CAPABLE
           OF
           SERVING
           IN
           THE
           MILITIA
           BUT
           THE
           FORMER
           .
           By
           FREEMEN
           I
           understand
           Men
           of
           Property
           ,
           or
           Persons
           that
           are
           able
           to
           live
           of
           themselves
           ;
           and
           those
           who
           cannot
           subsist
           in
           this
           Independence
           
           I
           call
           SERVANTS
           .
           The
           bare
           Explication
           of
           the
           Terms
           should
           ,
           one
           would
           think
           ,
           be
           sufficient
           to
           perswade
           any
           Man
           of
           Sense
           that
           the
           former
           should
           not
           only
           be
           sooner
           trusted
           with
           Arms
           than
           the
           latter
           ;
           but
           that
           they
           must
           needs
           use
           'em
           likewise
           to
           better
           purpose
           .
           For
           besides
           that
           all
           the
           Endowments
           which
           Nature
           has
           made
           common
           to
           both
           are
           improv'd
           in
           FREEMEN
           ,
           the
           very
           Temper
           of
           their
           Bodies
           being
           much
           stronger
           and
           livelier
           by
           better
           feeding
           ,
           which
           is
           no
           little
           Ingredient
           to
           Courage
           ,
           they
           fight
           also
           for
           their
           Liberty
           and
           Property
           ;
           whereas
           the
           other
           have
           nothing
           to
           lose
           but
           their
           Lives
           ,
           which
           are
           likewise
           infinitely
           dearer
           to
           those
           whose
           Circumstances
           render
           'em
           more
           agreeable
           and
           easy
           .
           The
           Romans
           ,
           who
           understood
           the
           Art
           of
           War
           beyond
           all
           the
           World
           ,
           did
           not
           make
           SOLDIERY
           a
           Refuge
           to
           Poverty
           and
           Idleness
           ;
           for
           none
           but
           Men
           of
           Fortune
           and
           Property
           ,
           whose
           private
           Interest
           firmly
           engag'd
           them
           to
           the
           Publick
           Good
           ,
           had
           the
           Honour
           of
           serving
           in
           their
           Armies
           .
           Nay
           ,
           so
           far
           were
           they
           from
           employing
           the
           poor
           and
           servile
           sort
           ,
           that
           unless
           a
           Man
           was
           worth
           a
           certain
           Sum
           appointed
           by
           Law
           ,
           he
           was
           
           excluded
           from
           military
           Duties
           ,
           which
           in
           that
           Government
           was
           thought
           no
           reputable
           Privilege
           .
           All
           that
           enjoy'd
           not
           the
           Property
           assign'd
           they
           partly
           calld
           *
           POLMEN
           ,
           as
           being
           return'd
           for
           nothing
           but
           their
           Heads
           in
           the
           publick
           Taxation
           ;
           and
           partly
           †
           BREEDERS
           ,
           as
           being
           no
           other
           way
           useful
           to
           Rome
           ,
           but
           by
           encreasing
           the
           Number
           of
           its
           Citizens
           .
           ‖
           
             Seeing
             a
             Man's
             real
             or
             personal
             Estate
             ,
          
           says
           
             AVLVS
             GELLIVS
             ,
             are
             a
             sure
             Pledg
             and
             Hostage
             for
             his
             Fidelity
             to
             the
             Government
             ,
             and
             that
             these
             Enjoyments
             seem
             to
             be
             the
             ground
             of
             one's
             Love
             to
             his
             Country
             ,
             therefore
             neither
             the
          
           BREEDERS
           
             nor
             the
          
           POLMEN
           
             were
             listed
             as
             Souldiers
             ,
             but
             in
             case
             of
             extraordinary
             Tumults
             or
             Insurrections
             .
          
           But
           they
           were
           arm'd
           upon
           those
           Occasions
           by
           
           the
           *
           Publick
           ,
           and
           rather
           employ'd
           in
           keeping
           watch
           and
           ward
           at
           home
           ,
           than
           led
           into
           the
           Field
           against
           the
           Enemy
           .
           We
           find
           that
           all
           those
           who
           aspir'd
           at
           Tyranny
           or
           any
           unlimited
           Power
           above
           the
           Laws
           ,
           as
           †
           MARIVS
           for
           example
           ,
           did
           constantly
           make
           Levies
           of
           the
           poorer
           sort
           ,
           putting
           Arms
           into
           the
           hands
           of
           those
           that
           had
           no
           stake
           to
           lose
           ,
           and
           who
           for
           that
           Reason
           would
           be
           sure
           not
           to
           design
           the
           Good
           of
           the
           Commonwealth
           ,
           but
           only
           his
           Profit
           that
           employ'd
           them
           :
           nor
           will
           they
           be
           more
           faithful
           to
           the
           latter
           than
           to
           the
           Government
           when
           any
           other
           makes
           them
           a
           more
           advantageous
           Offer
           .
           Now
           ,
           all
           this
           is
           natural
           enough
           ,
           and
           should
           not
           surprize
           any
           body
           :
           for
           the
           same
           Reason
           that
           prevails
           with
           the
           Rich
           to
           fight
           for
           that
           Government
           ,
           whose
           excellent
           Constitution
           secures
           his
           Property
           to
           him
           ,
           moves
           the
           Indigent
           to
           serve
           against
           it
           ;
           and
           that
           is
           
           to
           make
           both
           their
           Lives
           more
           easy
           ;
           whence
           it
           may
           be
           concluded
           that
           Citizens
           will
           always
           appear
           for
           Liberty
           ,
           and
           Servants
           fight
           for
           Bread.
           'T
           is
           well
           known
           ,
           that
           all
           the
           World
           over
           ,
           where-ever
           the
           Sword
           is
           in
           the
           hands
           of
           the
           People
           ,
           it
           is
           a
           free
           Government
           be
           it
           of
           one
           or
           of
           many
           ;
           and
           on
           the
           contrary
           ,
           all
           Tyrannies
           are
           supported
           by
           Mercenaries
           :
           nor
           is
           there
           any
           thing
           peculiar
           in
           our
           Soil
           ,
           our
           Air
           ,
           or
           in
           our
           Persons
           to
           hinder
           the
           same
           Circumstances
           from
           producing
           the
           like
           Effects
           .
           It
           is
           likewise
           to
           be
           consider'd
           ,
           that
           all
           Wars
           carri'd
           on
           by
           FREEMEN
           are
           suddenly
           finish'd
           ,
           because
           ,
           not
           being
           instigated
           by
           Want
           or
           the
           desire
           of
           Rapine
           ,
           they
           are
           ever
           longing
           to
           return
           home
           to
           reap
           the
           Pleasure
           of
           their
           own
           Possessions
           ,
           together
           with
           the
           agreeable
           Society
           of
           their
           Families
           ,
           Relations
           ,
           and
           Friends
           .
           But
           all
           Wars
           manag'd
           by
           MERCENARIES
           prove
           extremely
           tedious
           and
           burdensom
           ,
           for
           they
           never
           end
           till
           the
           Country
           that
           employs
           them
           be
           exhausted
           of
           all
           its
           Treasure
           ,
           which
           is
           their
           sole
           Motive
           of
           making
           Peace
           .
           It
           ought
           to
           be
           also
           remark'd
           ,
           that
           a
           MILITIA
           of
           Freeholders
           is
           not
           only
           harder
           to
           be
           conquer'd
           than
           that
           of
           Servants
           or
           Mercenaries
           ,
           
           but
           must
           be
           even
           superior
           to
           an
           Army
           wholly
           compos'd
           of
           Gentlemen
           under
           an
           Arbitrary
           Monarch
           :
           for
           the
           latter
           ,
           notwithstanding
           their
           Honors
           and
           Privileges
           ,
           are
           not
           absolutely
           Free
           ,
           but
           retain'd
           on
           the
           behalf
           of
           Tyranny
           ;
           whereas
           Men
           of
           Property
           being
           all
           disciplin'd
           (
           as
           we
           propose
           )
           and
           having
           Arms
           in
           their
           hands
           for
           the
           Defence
           of
           Liberty
           ,
           upon
           which
           from
           their
           Infancy
           they
           are
           taught
           to
           value
           themselves
           ,
           and
           to
           prefer
           it
           to
           all
           other
           Conditions
           (
           Life
           ,
           Riches
           ,
           and
           Honors
           without
           it
           being
           not
           only
           precarious
           ,
           but
           of
           no
           other
           use
           except
           to
           prolong
           a
           miserable
           and
           infamous
           Slavery
           ;
           )
           FREEMEN
           ,
           I
           say
           ,
           thus
           train'd
           ,
           excel
           all
           others
           in
           Greatness
           of
           Soul
           and
           Courage
           :
           Nor
           are
           their
           haughty
           Spirits
           ever
           to
           be
           subdu'd
           ,
           especially
           when
           they
           consider
           they
           are
           fighting
           for
           their
           own
           ,
           and
           not
           otherwise
           employ'd
           for
           their
           Fellows
           than
           these
           are
           for
           them
           ,
           their
           common
           Endeavours
           being
           to
           secure
           every
           Man's
           private
           Property
           .
           Such
           a
           Constitution
           ,
           where
           all
           Persons
           are
           equally
           educated
           in
           Civil
           and
           Military
           Discipline
           ,
           was
           never
           conquer'd
           by
           any
           Standing
           Armies
           ,
           unless
           previously
           weaken'd
           by
           some
           intestine
           Divisions
           .
           
           On
           the
           other
           hand
           ,
           of
           two
           Free
           Governments
           't
           is
           possible
           indeed
           for
           the
           greatest
           to
           overcome
           the
           least
           ;
           but
           then
           we
           find
           (
           to
           use
           the
           Words
           of
           a
           most
           observing
           Man
           )
           that
           the
           Walls
           and
           Towers
           of
           such
           a
           Government
           become
           its
           Funeral
           Piles
           ,
           and
           that
           it
           expires
           in
           its
           own
           Flames
           ,
           leaving
           nothing
           to
           the
           Conqueror
           but
           its
           Ashes
           ;
           witness
           Saguntum
           when
           master'd
           by
           Carthage
           ,
           and
           Numantia
           by
           Rome
           .
           I
           need
           not
           longer
           insist
           upon
           this
           Matter
           ,
           and
           therefore
           shall
           remark
           in
           the
           last
           place
           ,
           that
           whenever
           any
           free
           Empire
           degenerated
           into
           Tyranny
           ,
           as
           that
           of
           Rome
           is
           known
           to
           have
           done
           ,
           then
           Men
           of
           Property
           were
           not
           enjoin'd
           or
           encourag'd
           to
           serve
           themselves
           ,
           but
           either
           permitted
           to
           find
           others
           that
           would
           go
           out
           in
           their
           room
           ,
           or
           to
           pay
           down
           so
           much
           ready
           Money
           ;
           upon
           which
           occasion
           says
           one
           ,
           speaking
           of
           the
           Romans
           ,
           *
           
             They
             sent
             those
             to
             defend
             them
             in
             the
             Field
             ,
             whom
             they
             would
             scorn
             to
             admit
             into
             their
             domestick
             Service
             .
          
           Indeed
           some
           of
           the
           Emperors
           perceiv'd
           this
           Error
           ,
           and
           endeavor'd
           to
           correct
           it
           ,
           but
           in
           vain
           ,
           since
           at
           the
           same
           
           time
           they
           resolv'd
           to
           continue
           arbitrary
           .
           But
           however
           the
           following
           Order
           was
           publish'd
           by
           GRATIAN
           ,
           VALENTINIAN
           ,
           and
           THEODOSIUS
           :
           *
           
             We
             decree
          
           ,
           say
           they
           ,
           
             that
             in
             our
             best
             Troops
             there
             be
             no
             Slave
             enroll'd
             ,
             nor
             any
             Servants
             out
             of
             Houses
             of
             Entertainment
             ,
             nor
             any
             from
             Places
             of
             infamous
             resort
             ,
             nor
             out
             of
             Eating-houses
             ,
             the
             Houses
             of
             Correction
             ,
             or
             other
             such
             infamous
             Fellows
             .
          
           Yet
           we
           are
           so
           far
           from
           observing
           this
           Rule
           of
           listing
           FREEMEN
           only
           ,
           that
           in
           the
           ,
           †
           Act
           now
           in
           force
           for
           regulating
           our
           MILITIA
           ,
           no
           Man
           is
           oblig'd
           to
           serve
           in
           Person
           ,
           but
           may
           send
           whom
           he
           pleases
           to
           appear
           for
           him
           ,
           tho
           never
           so
           poor
           and
           weak
           ,
           or
           ignorant
           of
           the
           use
           of
           Arms
           ,
           and
           all
           other
           Arts.
           
        
         
           7.
           
           Thus
           far
           have
           I
           discours'd
           of
           the
           Persons
           who
           are
           to
           constitute
           our
           MILITIA
           ,
           and
           now
           I
           come
           to
           the
           Method
           of
           training
           them
           ;
           after
           which
           I
           shall
           
           orderly
           proceed
           to
           their
           Number
           ,
           Charge
           ,
           Age
           ,
           and
           other
           necessary
           Considerations
           .
           My
           Second
           Proposition
           therefore
           is
           ,
           THAT
           ONE
           AFTERNOON
           EVERY
           WEEK
           THERE
           BE
           A
           PAROCHIAL
           EXERCISE
           OF
           ALL
           MALES
           ,
           AS
           WELL
           SERVANTS
           AS
           FREEMEN
           ,
           FROM
           16
           TO
           40
           YEARS
           OF
           AGE
           .
           Whether
           this
           be
           done
           on
           Mondays
           ,
           or
           Thursdays
           ,
           or
           Saturdays
           ,
           is
           indifferent
           ;
           and
           I
           must
           not
           forget
           that
           the
           Switzers
           think
           no
           Day
           so
           proper
           for
           it
           as
           SUNDAY
           ,
           from
           the
           following
           Reasons
           ,
           viz.
           First
           ,
           because
           no
           other
           Business
           is
           interrupted
           by
           the
           Exercise
           propos'd
           ,
           all
           Labor
           being
           already
           prohibited
           on
           that
           Day
           ;
           so
           that
           Servants
           and
           their
           Masters
           have
           equal
           Leisure
           ,
           none
           are
           hinder'd
           from
           going
           to
           Fairs
           or
           Markets
           ,
           nor
           any
           Meetings
           or
           Bargains
           interrupted
           .
           Secondly
           ,
           There
           needs
           not
           a
           more
           frequent
           repetition
           of
           the
           Parochial
           Exercise
           ,
           no
           Mercenary
           Souldiers
           in
           the
           World
           (
           whatever
           is
           boasted
           of
           their
           Discipline
           )
           being
           train'd
           near
           so
           many
           Days
           in
           the
           Year
           ,
           tho
           no
           Duty
           be
           perform'd
           in
           foul
           Weather
           .
           And
           thirdly
           ,
           because
           after
           the
           Publick
           Service
           of
           GOD
           is
           over
           ,
           People
           are
           thus
           restrain'd
           from
           idle
           Santring
           or
           immoral
           Courses
           ,
           and
           employ'd
           ,
           
           as
           the
           Switzers
           think
           ,
           in
           the
           next
           Work
           most
           becoming
           good
           Men
           ,
           the
           publick
           service
           of
           their
           COUNTRY
           .
           But
           I
           prescribe
           no
           time
           ,
           all
           that
           I
           aim
           at
           being
           to
           have
           as
           many
           Days
           in
           the
           Year
           appointed
           as
           will
           be
           sufficient
           ,
           and
           also
           convenient
           .
           Every
           Saturday
           then
           ,
           or
           Sunday
           in
           the
           Afternoon
           (
           for
           so
           I
           may
           suppose
           )
           all
           the
           Men
           of
           every
           Parish
           are
           to
           assemble
           on
           some
           Green
           or
           Plain
           ,
           it
           may
           be
           where
           the
           Buts
           were
           of
           old
           ,
           and
           instead
           of
           Tipling
           ,
           Gaming
           ,
           and
           other
           Diversions
           equally
           pernicious
           to
           their
           Minds
           and
           Bodies
           ,
           they
           learn
           the
           use
           of
           Arms
           ;
           wherein
           ,
           as
           we
           see
           by
           Experience
           ,
           they
           will
           be
           imitated
           by
           the
           very
           Children
           ,
           who
           by
           that
           time
           their
           Age
           obliges
           them
           to
           appear
           in
           the
           same
           place
           ,
           will
           be
           superior
           to
           their
           Fathers
           ,
           and
           need
           so
           little
           Exhortation
           ,
           that
           they
           cannot
           be
           prevented
           from
           acquiring
           this
           Art.
           To
           this
           publick
           Meeting
           will
           all
           the
           superannuated
           and
           experienc'd
           Men
           ,
           all
           the
           marri'd
           and
           single
           Women
           resort
           ,
           and
           create
           in
           those
           that
           are
           to
           exercise
           a
           noble
           Emulation
           of
           excelling
           one
           another
           in
           Agility
           or
           Skill
           ,
           as
           every
           one
           is
           dispos'd
           to
           merit
           the
           Affection
           or
           Applause
           of
           the
           Spectators
           .
           This
           weekly
           Exercise
           
           will
           not
           only
           be
           to
           all
           People
           a
           grateful
           Pastime
           ,
           and
           relaxation
           from
           their
           ordinary
           Labor
           or
           Busness
           ,
           but
           also
           greatly
           influence
           their
           very
           Constitutions
           ,
           by
           rendring
           them
           more
           robust
           ,
           nimble
           ,
           healthy
           ,
           and
           accustom'd
           to
           all
           manner
           of
           Fatigue
           .
           When
           't
           is
           once
           settl'd
           ,
           we
           can
           easily
           imagin
           how
           it
           may
           be
           perpetuated
           :
           But
           to
           effect
           the
           former
           ,
           we
           have
           now
           a
           happy
           Occasion
           put
           into
           our
           hands
           of
           rewarding
           no
           small
           number
           of
           those
           Persons
           who
           have
           been
           imploy'd
           in
           our
           Service
           abroad
           these
           several
           Years
           past
           :
           For
           let
           all
           the
           Serjeants
           of
           the
           disbanded
           Army
           ,
           and
           ,
           if
           their
           Number
           be
           not
           sufficient
           ,
           several
           of
           the
           Corporals
           or
           other
           expert
           Souldiers
           ,
           be
           distributed
           one
           a
           piece
           over
           all
           the
           Parishes
           of
           England
           ,
           and
           enjoy
           half
           Pay
           ,
           or
           what
           the
           Parliament
           shall
           judg
           more
           convenient
           for
           one
           Year
           ;
           during
           which
           time
           they
           shall
           be
           oblig'd
           to
           discipline
           the
           People
           on
           the
           Days
           and
           Place
           appointed
           .
           And
           for
           their
           further
           Encouragement
           ,
           let
           it
           be
           provided
           also
           that
           they
           may
           have
           free
           Licence
           to
           follow
           what
           lawful
           Callings
           they
           please
           in
           that
           Country
           or
           Town
           during
           their
           Lives
           .
           Thus
           King
           CHARLES
           the
           First
           ,
           when
           he
           was
           in
           the
           good
           Humor
           
           of
           issuing
           out
           a
           Proclamation
           *
           
             to
             instruct
             and
             exercise
             the
             Train'd
             Bands
             ,
             as
             well
             Officers
             as
             Soldiers
             ,
             by
             Men
             experienc'd
             in
             Military
             Exercises
             ,
          
           order'd
           
             that
             divers
             Low-Country
             Soldiers
             should
             be
             assign'd
             to
             the
             several
             Counties
             for
             this
             end
             .
          
           But
           how
           this
           good
           Design
           was
           put
           in
           execution
           every
           one
           knows
           ;
           nor
           are
           we
           more
           ignorant
           how
           the
           MILITIA
           was
           render'd
           useless
           under
           his
           Successor
           ,
           when
           it
           was
           enacted
           that
           single
           Companies
           should
           be
           exercis'd
           but
           †
           four
           times
           a
           Year
           ;
           and
           this
           Exercise
           not
           to
           continue
           above
           two
           Days
           at
           a
           time
           ,
           whereby
           they
           were
           likely
           to
           prove
           glorious
           Soldiers
           .
           Now
           ,
           it
           is
           plain
           that
           all
           the
           People
           of
           England
           may
           be
           parochially
           exercis'd
           in
           the
           Use
           of
           Arms
           one
           Afternoon
           in
           every
           Week
           throughout
           the
           Year
           (
           unless
           prevented
           by
           bad
           Weather
           )
           without
           any
           Expence
           but
           the
           pay
           of
           one
           Man
           for
           the
           first
           Year
           only
           ;
           and
           without
           any
           trouble
           at
           all
           ,
           but
           on
           the
           contrary
           ,
           to
           the
           great
           Satisfaction
           and
           Recreation
           of
           the
           People
           .
           Here
           it
           may
           be
           objected
           ,
           that
           this
           second
           Proposition
           of
           Exercising
           all
           
           without
           any
           distinction
           ,
           seems
           to
           contradict
           the
           first
           ,
           which
           ordains
           that
           only
           Men
           of
           Property
           be
           of
           the
           MILITIA
           .
           To
           this
           I
           answer
           ,
           that
           there
           is
           a
           vast
           difference
           between
           training
           all
           to
           Arms
           ,
           and
           having
           every
           body
           of
           the
           Army
           .
           I
           am
           still
           of
           the
           same
           Opinion
           ,
           that
           none
           but
           FREEMEN
           be
           of
           the
           MILITIA
           ;
           and
           yet
           I
           am
           for
           training
           the
           Poor
           and
           Servants
           .
           First
           ,
           there
           's
           no
           trouble
           in
           doing
           it
           ,
           they
           being
           to
           appear
           with
           their
           Landlords
           or
           Masters
           ;
           and
           tho
           they
           belong
           not
           to
           the
           Number
           of
           the
           Companies
           ,
           yet
           they
           may
           well
           be
           exercis'd
           in
           them
           .
           Neither
           is
           there
           any
           danger
           in
           it
           ,
           seeing
           their
           Arms
           are
           only
           deliver'd
           to
           them
           on
           those
           publick
           Days
           by
           the
           Overseers
           in
           whose
           custody
           they
           are
           all
           the
           Week
           ;
           for
           I
           suppose
           a
           little
           Armory
           in
           every
           Parish
           .
           Besides
           ,
           the
           FREEMEN
           are
           always
           arm'd
           themselves
           ,
           and
           ready
           to
           suppress
           the
           others
           upon
           the
           least
           appearance
           of
           Disorder
           .
           Thus
           every
           Person
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           becomes
           a
           Soldier
           ;
           for
           tho
           a
           Servant
           changes
           his
           County
           ,
           his
           Master
           ,
           his
           Work
           ,
           or
           Treatment
           ,
           yet
           wherever
           he
           comes
           there
           he
           's
           train'd
           ,
           and
           has
           no
           exemtion
           from
           Exercise
           .
           The
           Design
           of
           this
           is
           three-fold
           ;
           
           First
           ,
           because
           when
           the
           POOR
           and
           SERVANTS
           become
           FREEMEN
           themselves
           (
           as
           ,
           thanks
           to
           our
           Liberty
           ,
           it
           happens
           every
           day
           )
           they
           may
           not
           be
           ignorant
           of
           Military
           Duties
           .
           Secondly
           ,
           That
           if
           the
           Nation
           is
           not
           dispos'd
           to
           send
           part
           of
           their
           MILITIA
           upon
           any
           Foreign
           Expedition
           ,
           their
           Voluntiers
           may
           not
           be
           raw
           undisciplin'd
           Fellows
           ,
           but
           ready
           train'd
           to
           their
           hands
           ;
           nor
           any
           thing
           wanting
           but
           to
           appoint
           'em
           Officers
           ,
           and
           to
           distribute
           'em
           into
           Regiments
           .
           Thirdly
           ,
           Upon
           any
           sudden
           Invasion
           from
           abroad
           ,
           or
           in
           case
           of
           some
           Domestick
           Insurrection
           ,
           they
           may
           be
           added
           as
           AUXILIARIES
           to
           the
           MILITIA
           (
           by
           which
           name
           I
           shall
           always
           design
           them
           hereafter
           )
           and
           be
           appointed
           either
           to
           serve
           in
           the
           Field
           ,
           or
           to
           keep
           in
           Garisons
           ,
           as
           shall
           be
           judg'd
           most
           expedient
           in
           such
           Circumstances
           .
           The
           Romans
           made
           use
           of
           'em
           upon
           all
           these
           Occasions
           ,
           and
           call'd
           'em
           *
           
             Subitaneous
             Souldiers
          
           ,
           or
           a
           
             Tumultuary
             Army
          
           ,
           from
           the
           sudden
           and
           tumultuary
           manner
           or
           cause
           of
           raising
           them
           .
           The
           
             Parochial
             Assemblies
          
           to
           treat
           of
           Civil
           or
           Military
           Affairs
           ,
           are
           answerable
           
           to
           the
           COMITIA
           CURIATA
           of
           Antient
           Rome
           ;
           and
           ,
           by
           the
           way
           ,
           seeing
           some
           Parishes
           may
           be
           very
           thinly
           inhabited
           ,
           let
           every
           such
           be
           join'd
           to
           the
           nearest
           ,
           and
           both
           be
           reputed
           as
           one
           .
        
         
           8.
           
           Having
           thus
           laid
           the
           Foundation
           of
           all
           Discipline
           in
           the
           Parishes
           ,
           my
           Third
           Proposition
           is
           ,
           THAT
           THE
           FORCES
           OF
           EVERY
           HUNDRED
           ASSEMBLE
           AT
           THE
           CAPITAL
           THEREOF
           FOUR
           TIMES
           A
           YEAR
           ,
           BOTH
           FOR
           PUBLICK
           EXERCISE
           ,
           AND
           TO
           DISPUTE
           GAMES
           AND
           PRIZES
           .
           These
           Meetings
           answer
           in
           some
           sort
           the
           COMITIA
           CENTURIATA
           of
           the
           Romans
           ,
           wherefore
           I
           shall
           make
           bold
           to
           call
           them
           
             Centuriate
             Assemblies
          
           ;
           for
           our
           
             Hundred
             ,
             Cantred
          
           ,
           or
           Wapentake
           ,
           is
           term'd
           Centuria
           by
           the
           politest
           Historians
           that
           wrote
           of
           our
           Affairs
           in
           Latin.
           It
           is
           then
           easily
           understood
           ,
           that
           in
           those
           
             Centuriate
             Assemblies
          
           the
           People
           meet
           not
           to
           learn
           the
           bare
           handling
           of
           their
           Weapons
           ,
           that
           being
           already
           perform'd
           in
           the
           
             Parochial
             Exercises
          
           ;
           but
           to
           shew
           their
           Experience
           ,
           and
           the
           Progress
           ,
           they
           have
           made
           at
           home
           .
           Here
           also
           they
           are
           form'd
           into
           ,
           greater
           Bodies
           ,
           and
           taught
           all
           that
           is
           peculiar
           to
           such
           ,
           or
           different
           from
           their
           Duty
           in
           single
           Companies
           .
           
           
           
           As
           for
           the
           Games
           and
           Prizes
           ,
           all
           wise
           Nations
           have
           instituted
           the
           like
           ,
           sometimes
           for
           promoting
           of
           Trade
           ,
           or
           only
           for
           breeding
           good
           Horses
           ;
           but
           generally
           to
           educate
           their
           People
           in
           the
           love
           and
           practice
           of
           Arms
           ,
           or
           other
           Exercises
           tending
           to
           fit
           and
           dispose
           'em
           to
           a
           Martial
           Genius
           ,
           such
           as
           Racing
           ,
           Fencing
           ,
           Wrestling
           ,
           throwing
           the
           Bar
           ,
           or
           the
           like
           ;
           of
           which
           you
           may
           find
           various
           Examples
           in
           the
           Governments
           of
           Antient
           Greece
           and
           Italy
           .
           Let
           the
           Prizes
           in
           themselves
           be
           never
           so
           inconsiderable
           ,
           yet
           once
           that
           Honor
           and
           Reputation
           are
           annex'd
           to
           them
           ,
           Men
           will
           as
           eagerly
           contend
           for
           'em
           ,
           as
           if
           they
           were
           the
           highest
           Lucre
           in
           the
           World.
           It
           has
           been
           observ'd
           in
           all
           Ages
           ,
           that
           nothing
           is
           so
           effectual
           to
           make
           one
           undertake
           or
           quit
           any
           Enterprize
           ,
           as
           the
           Commendation
           or
           Disgrace
           attending
           it
           ;
           yet
           these
           have
           fail'd
           sometimes
           ,
           but
           a
           prospect
           of
           Gain
           seldom
           or
           never
           .
           Now
           our
           PRIZES
           are
           not
           without
           their
           Profit
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           Use
           and
           Delight
           ;
           for
           ,
           besides
           the
           real
           Value
           of
           what
           is
           got
           ,
           the
           Winner
           likewise
           stands
           fairest
           for
           Preferment
           ,
           where
           Places
           are
           dispos'd
           according
           to
           Merit
           .
           As
           for
           the
           
           Charge
           of
           those
           GAMES
           it
           may
           be
           made
           very
           easy
           ,
           an
           Annual
           Revenue
           being
           establish'd
           for
           that
           purpose
           .
           'T
           is
           so
           much
           the
           Interest
           of
           the
           Hundreds
           to
           concur
           in
           it
           ,
           that
           rather
           than
           it
           should
           not
           be
           done
           ,
           the
           Capital
           Town
           ,
           where
           the
           Meeting
           is
           to
           be
           ,
           will
           gladly
           raise
           the
           Sum
           in
           consideration
           of
           the
           brisk
           Trade
           it
           must
           occasion
           at
           those
           times
           :
           But
           all
           such
           Expences
           ought
           to
           be
           collected
           from
           the
           Inhabitants
           according
           to
           their
           real
           or
           personal
           Estates
           .
           And
           they
           'l
           contribute
           to
           no
           Tax
           ,
           tho
           never
           so
           necessary
           ,
           so
           willingly
           as
           to
           this
           ;
           because
           in
           the
           first
           place
           it
           is
           not
           bestow'd
           ,
           as
           the
           best
           part
           of
           some
           other
           Revenues
           ,
           on
           Men
           of
           no
           Merit
           :
           Secondly
           ,
           because
           it
           is
           not
           carri'd
           out
           of
           the
           Country
           :
           And
           thirdly
           ,
           because
           every
           Man
           has
           his
           lucky
           Hit
           for
           the
           PRIZE
           to
           fall
           to
           his
           own
           share
           .
           Now
           ,
           't
           is
           all
           one
           wherein
           the
           PRIZE
           consists
           ,
           whether
           it
           be
           a
           Silver
           Chain
           ,
           a
           Medal
           ,
           or
           any
           sort
           of
           Plate
           ;
           for
           the
           Disputes
           in
           other
           Places
           were
           not
           less
           eager
           to
           obtain
           Garlands
           of
           Oak
           or
           Laurel
           .
           But
           the
           most
           proper
           ,
           in
           my
           Opinion
           ,
           are
           some
           good
           and
           beautiful
           Arms
           ;
           for
           the
           Conqueror
           ,
           and
           his
           Heir
           after
           him
           ,
           
           will
           be
           as
           loth
           to
           part
           with
           them
           in
           Fight
           ,
           as
           proud
           of
           wearing
           them
           in
           time
           of
           Peace
           .
           And
           this
           is
           indisputably
           more
           natural
           ,
           and
           will
           prove
           far
           more
           effectual
           than
           the
           Policy
           of
           JULIUS
           CESAR
           ,
           who
           us'd
           to
           adorn
           the
           Arms
           of
           his
           Men
           with
           Gold
           ,
           Silver
           ,
           and
           Gems
           ,
           that
           they
           might
           the
           less
           tamely
           quit
           such
           precious
           things
           to
           the
           Enemy
           .
           There
           must
           be
           also
           a
           proportionable
           difference
           between
           the
           PRIZES
           ,
           the
           same
           neither
           in
           Kind
           nor
           Value
           belonging
           to
           the
           Horse
           and
           Foot
           ,
           or
           to
           him
           that
           hits
           the
           Mark
           in
           shooting
           ,
           and
           to
           another
           that
           wins
           at
           some
           other
           Game
           ;
           for
           I
           would
           have
           them
           of
           all
           useful
           sorts
           ,
           and
           a
           Field-piece
           likewise
           in
           every
           Hundred
           to
           breed
           expert
           Gunners
           ,
           with
           Magazines
           of
           Powder
           ,
           Bullets
           ,
           and
           all
           other
           requisite
           Ammunition
           in
           every
           County
           .
           Lastly
           ,
           I
           would
           have
           it
           ordain'd
           that
           he
           who
           at
           these
           GAMES
           has
           got
           one
           PRIZE
           ,
           should
           not
           be
           permitted
           to
           stand
           for
           any
           other
           at
           that
           time
           ;
           and
           that
           the
           Names
           of
           all
           the
           Winners
           be
           carefully
           register'd
           ,
           as
           well
           out
           of
           regard
           to
           the
           Reputation
           of
           particular
           Persons
           ,
           as
           that
           the
           Publick
           may
           know
           where
           to
           find
           able
           Men
           in
           
           time
           of
           need
           .
           What
           a
           Change
           this
           Institution
           will
           beget
           in
           all
           the
           Kingdom
           ;
           what
           Trade
           it
           will
           occasion
           in
           the
           Country
           ;
           and
           what
           Emulation
           between
           the
           Inhabitants
           of
           every
           Hundred
           (
           to
           speak
           nothing
           of
           the
           principal
           Design
           )
           can
           scarcely
           be
           imagin'd
           by
           such
           as
           have
           never
           experienc'd
           any
           thing
           like
           it
           ;
           and
           yet
           there
           's
           nothing
           new
           or
           notional
           in
           all
           this
           ,
           the
           same
           having
           been
           successfully
           practis'd
           either
           wholly
           or
           partly
           in
           many
           other
           Places
           of
           the
           World.
           I
           shall
           add
           no
           more
           of
           the
           Hundreds
           ,
           but
           that
           every
           City
           being
           a
           County
           of
           it self
           ,
           and
           other
           populous
           Corporations
           ,
           may
           hold
           their
           
             Centuriate
             Assemblies
          
           within
           their
           own
           Precincts
           ,
           and
           be
           not
           oblig'd
           to
           any
           Exercise
           abroad
           ,
           except
           the
           
             Annual
             Encampment
          
           ,
           whereof
           I
           am
           now
           going
           to
           treat
           .
        
         
           9.
           
           Tho
           it
           be
           of
           the
           highest
           Importance
           to
           have
           all
           Persons
           in
           our
           Nation
           parochially
           exercis'd
           ,
           and
           accustom'd
           in
           the
           Hundreds
           to
           muster
           in
           larger
           Bodies
           ;
           yet
           they
           may
           be
           still
           ignorant
           of
           the
           Discipline
           of
           a
           compleat
           Army
           ,
           to
           which
           all
           they
           have
           hitherto
           done
           is
           only
           subservient
           ,
           as
           we
           first
           learn
           the
           Names
           of
           the
           Letters
           ,
           and
           then
           to
           join
           them
           into
           
           Syllables
           ,
           in
           order
           to
           read
           and
           understand
           a
           Book
           .
           My
           Fourth
           Proposition
           is
           therefore
           ,
           THAT
           ENGLAND
           BE
           DIVIDED
           INTO
           THREE
           EQUAL
           DISTRICTS
           ,
           CALL'D
           THE
           NORTHERN
           ,
           MIDDLE
           ,
           AND
           WESTERN
           CLASSES
           ;
           AND
           THAT
           THE
           STANDING
           MILITIA
           OF
           THE
           WHOLE
           CONSISTING
           OF
           SIXTY
           THOUSAND
           MEN
           ,
           TWENTY
           THOUSAND
           THEREOF
           DO
           ANNUALLY
           ENCAMP
           FOR
           THE
           SPACE
           OF
           THREE
           WEEKS
           IN
           SOME
           ONE
           OF
           THE
           CLASSES
           ;
           AND
           SO
           TO
           SUCCEED
           BY
           TRIENNIAL
           ROTATION
           ,
           WHICH
           RULE
           IS
           ALSO
           TO
           BE
           OBSERV'D
           IN
           THE
           COUNTIES
           PROPORTIONABLY
           .
           This
           military
           Division
           of
           the
           whole
           Kingdom
           may
           be
           as
           easily
           imagin'd
           or
           perform'd
           ,
           as
           the
           Circuits
           appointed
           for
           distributing
           of
           Justice
           .
           Nor
           is
           there
           any
           Difficulty
           in
           apprehending
           the
           
             Triennial
             Rotation
          
           ;
           Suppose
           ,
           for
           example
           ,
           that
           in
           the
           Month
           of
           Iuly
           ,
           1698
           ,
           the
           twenty
           thousand
           Men
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           Portion
           of
           the
           Western
           Class
           ,
           encamp
           somewhere
           in
           Cornwal
           ,
           those
           of
           the
           middle
           Class
           in
           Iuly
           ,
           
           1699
           ,
           at
           any
           Place
           in
           Hartfordshire
           ,
           and
           those
           of
           the
           Northern
           Class
           in
           Iuly
           ,
           1700
           ,
           in
           some
           part
           of
           Yorkshire
           :
           Then
           you
           return
           again
           in
           Iuly
           ,
           1701
           ,
           to
           Devonshire
           ,
           the
           Year
           after
           to
           Surrey
           ,
           the
           sixth
           Year
           to
           Cumberland
           ,
           and
           so
           perpetually
           round
           .
           The
           Rotation
           in
           the
           Counties
           ,
           or
           changing
           the
           Place
           of
           Encampment
           ,
           is
           grounded
           upon
           the
           clearest
           Equity
           ;
           for
           if
           the
           CAMP
           proves
           a
           Trouble
           (
           as
           't
           is
           impossible
           it
           should
           )
           to
           the
           County
           where
           it
           is
           ,
           then
           Justice
           requires
           that
           all
           should
           bear
           their
           share
           of
           it
           :
           And
           if
           on
           the
           contrary
           it
           be
           highly
           profitable
           by
           the
           vast
           Trade
           it
           must
           occasion
           in
           the
           Consumption
           of
           Provisions
           ,
           or
           otherwise
           ;
           and
           considering
           too
           that
           ready
           Money
           will
           be
           paid
           for
           every
           thing
           ,
           then
           't
           is
           as
           reasonable
           that
           all
           should
           enjoy
           the
           Benefit
           in
           their
           turns
           .
           As
           for
           the
           Order
           to
           be
           observ'd
           ,
           to
           take
           away
           all
           occasions
           of
           Dispute
           ,
           there
           needs
           no
           more
           but
           to
           cast
           Lots
           at
           the
           beginning
           in
           every
           Class
           ,
           to
           know
           what
           County
           shall
           be
           the
           first
           ,
           second
           ,
           third
           ,
           and
           so
           on
           .
           But
           if
           an
           Objection
           should
           be
           rais'd
           by
           any
           against
           the
           Number
           of
           the
           Classes
           ,
           from
           the
           Largeness
           of
           their
           Bounds
           ,
           and
           consequently
           the
           great
           
           Distance
           in
           many
           Parts
           from
           the
           Place
           of
           Encampment
           ;
           I
           answer
           ,
           that
           't
           is
           not
           the
           precise
           Number
           ,
           but
           the
           Distribution
           for
           which
           I
           contend
           :
           for
           the
           Kingdom
           may
           as
           well
           be
           divided
           into
           six
           Classes
           ,
           each
           containing
           10000
           of
           the
           MILITIA
           ,
           and
           annual
           CAMPS
           in
           any
           two
           of
           'em
           at
           a
           time
           .
           Thus
           still
           the
           
             Triennial
             Rotation
          
           remains
           the
           same
           ,
           and
           we
           have
           every
           Year
           20000
           Men
           (
           besides
           the
           London-Militia
           )
           encamp'd
           somewhere
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           to
           the
           great
           Terror
           of
           all
           our
           Enemies
           ,
           and
           to
           our
           own
           unspeakable
           Advantage
           and
           Reputation
           ;
           we
           have
           an
           Army
           of
           sixty
           thousand
           FREEMEN
           to
           defend
           the
           whole
           Nation
           ,
           and
           yet
           every
           part
           of
           it
           always
           provided
           with
           a
           sufficient
           Number
           ,
           either
           absolutely
           to
           defend
           themselves
           ,
           or
           to
           stop
           any
           Enemy
           till
           our
           whole
           Forces
           draw
           together
           .
           But
           then
           this
           wheeling
           Number
           of
           sixty
           Thousand
           is
           very
           inconsiderable
           ,
           in
           comparison
           of
           many
           thousand
           FREEMEN
           more
           ,
           that
           are
           always
           ready
           to
           relieve
           ,
           to
           repair
           ,
           to
           succeed
           ,
           or
           to
           join
           them
           upon
           occasion
           ;
           to
           speak
           nothing
           of
           those
           
             exempted
             from
             Duty
          
           ,
           nor
           of
           the
           poor
           and
           servile
           ;
           all
           which
           Orders
           of
           
           Men
           are
           not
           only
           well
           disciplin'd
           ,
           but
           oblig'd
           also
           to
           serve
           upon
           uncommon
           Emergencies
           .
           But
           to
           return
           to
           our
           CAMP
           ,
           there
           our
           MILITIA
           learns
           the
           highest
           Perfection
           of
           Discipline
           ,
           and
           is
           taught
           to
           make
           regular
           Sieges
           and
           Attacks
           in
           all
           Forms
           ,
           to
           storm
           Castles
           ,
           to
           fight
           Battles
           ,
           to
           gain
           advantageous
           Posts
           ,
           to
           make
           honorable
           Retreats
           ,
           to
           intrench
           themselves
           ,
           to
           forage
           ,
           decamp
           ,
           and
           ,
           in
           one
           word
           ,
           to
           perform
           all
           the
           other
           Duties
           of
           an
           Army
           .
           Now
           ,
           besides
           the
           Necessity
           and
           Usefulness
           of
           all
           these
           Exercises
           ,
           they
           will
           be
           extraordinary
           entertaining
           too
           .
           The
           whole
           Country
           round
           will
           come
           to
           divert
           themselves
           in
           this
           Place
           ,
           and
           pass
           that
           Season
           the
           most
           agreeably
           of
           all
           the
           Year
           .
           It
           would
           be
           a
           superfluous
           Labor
           to
           spend
           more
           Words
           in
           Commendation
           of
           this
           part
           of
           our
           MODEL
           ;
           and
           so
           I
           come
           to
           make
           one
           Remark
           concerning
           the
           Expences
           ,
           after
           taking
           notice
           that
           the
           yearly
           general
           Exercise
           ,
           prescrib'd
           by
           the
           Act
           for
           regulating
           our
           MILITIA
           ,
           yet
           in
           force
           ,
           is
           to
           continue
           but
           only
           the
           space
           of
           *
           four
           Days
           .
           
           The
           Assessments
           laid
           by
           this
           same
           Act
           are
           so
           grievous
           as
           well
           as
           useless
           ,
           that
           a
           long
           Experience
           ,
           and
           the
           general
           Out-cry
           against
           them
           ,
           spare
           me
           the
           pains
           of
           shewing
           their
           Defects
           ;
           nor
           will
           I
           for
           the
           same
           Reasons
           make
           any
           stop
           at
           the
           Abuse
           of
           calling
           People
           so
           often
           from
           their
           Business
           ,
           for
           no
           other
           end
           but
           to
           fill
           the
           Muster-master's
           Pockets
           ;
           neither
           will
           I
           insist
           upon
           the
           intolerable
           Grievance
           of
           Trophy-money
           ;
           all
           those
           things
           ,
           as
           I
           said
           before
           ,
           being
           so
           universally
           known
           ,
           that
           every
           body
           can
           prescribe
           a
           proper
           Remedy
           .
           I
           propos'd
           three
           Weeks
           (
           and
           I
           still
           think
           it
           time
           enough
           )
           for
           the
           
             Annual
             Encampment
             ,
             viz.
          
           a
           Fortnight
           for
           actual
           Service
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           eight
           days
           ,
           upon
           the
           supposition
           of
           three
           Classes
           ,
           for
           coming
           and
           going
           ;
           and
           fewer
           will
           do
           ,
           if
           the
           Classes
           be
           six
           in
           Number
           .
           But
           suppose
           another
           Week
           be
           added
           ,
           then
           't
           is
           plain
           that
           the
           Charge
           of
           a
           hundred
           and
           twenty
           thousand
           Men
           during
           one
           Month
           ,
           is
           no
           more
           than
           the
           Pay
           of
           ten
           Thousand
           for
           a
           Year
           ;
           whence
           every
           body
           may
           infer
           how
           much
           cheaper
           we
           may
           entertain
           〈◊〉
           thousand
           FREEMEN
           for
           a
           Fortnight
           or
           three
           Weeks
           ,
           than
           ten
           thousand
           
           MERCENARIES
           for
           a
           Twelve-month
           ,
           making
           all
           reasonable
           Allowance
           in
           the
           Difference
           of
           their
           Pay.
           The
           Expence
           in
           our
           MODEL
           then
           is
           both
           laid
           out
           to
           much
           better
           purpose
           ,
           and
           made
           a
           great
           deal
           easier
           than
           any
           of
           this
           nature
           heretofore
           .
           Nay
           the
           very
           Rotation
           should
           recommend
           it self
           to
           all
           Mens
           Approbation
           ,
           seeing
           it
           comes
           with
           respect
           to
           the
           Charge
           but
           every
           third
           Year
           to
           the
           turn
           of
           each
           County
           ,
           and
           as
           to
           the
           Duty
           much
           seldomer
           to
           particular
           Persons
           ;
           whereas
           the
           Rotation
           of
           the
           Iews
           was
           monthly
           ,
           and
           took
           in
           the
           whole
           People
           in
           a
           Year
           :
           They
           had
           24000
           Men
           under
           Arms
           every
           Month
           ,
           and
           I
           don't
           propose
           twenty
           thousand
           for
           one
           Month
           in
           twelve
           .
           But
           the
           Iewish
           MILITIA
           kept
           Guards
           and
           Garisons
           too
           ;
           
             Now
             the
             Children
             of
          
           Israel
           
             after
             their
             Names
          
           ,
           (
           says
           the
           Author
           of
           the
           first
           Book
           of
           their
           Chronicles
           )
           
             the
             chief
             Fathers
             ,
             and
             the
             Captains
             of
             Thousands
             and
             Hundreds
             ,
             and
             their
             Officers
             that
             serv'd
             the
             King
             in
             any
             Matter
             of
             the
             Courses
             ,
             which
             came
             in
             and
             went
             out
             Month
             by
             Month
             throughout
             all
             the
             Months
             of
             the
             Year
             ,
             of
             every
             Course
             w●●e
             twenty
             and
             four
             thousand
             .
          
           Ther●
           needs
           
           no
           more
           to
           be
           said
           on
           this
           Head
           ,
           only
           that
           the
           Cities
           of
           London
           and
           Westminster
           ,
           with
           their
           Suburbs
           and
           Liberties
           ,
           together
           with
           the
           Borough
           of
           Southwark
           ,
           are
           not
           to
           be
           comprehended
           within
           any
           of
           the
           Classes
           ,
           but
           to
           have
           their
           own
           CAMP
           annually
           in
           some
           convenient
           Place
           adjacent
           .
        
         
           10.
           
           So
           far
           of
           the
           Persons
           qualified
           to
           serve
           in
           the
           MILITIA
           ,
           and
           the
           several
           degrees
           of
           training
           them
           :
           Now
           we
           shall
           speak
           of
           their
           AGE
           ;
           for
           altho
           this
           Particular
           is
           generally
           neglected
           in
           Mercenary
           Armies
           ,
           yet
           it
           has
           been
           ever
           carefully
           consider'd
           in
           all
           free
           Governments
           :
           because
           the
           Design
           of
           these
           being
           to
           render
           the
           People
           happy
           ,
           they
           impartially
           assign
           Labor
           and
           Ease
           to
           those
           Periods
           of
           Life
           to
           which
           they
           are
           most
           sutable
           .
           Then
           my
           Fifth
           Proposition
           is
           ,
           THAT
           EVERY
           FREEMAN
           ,
           WHEN
           HIS
           TURN
           COMES
           ,
           BE
           OBLIG'D
           TO
           PERSONAL
           SERVICE
           IN
           THE
           MILITIA
           FROM
           THE
           EIGHTEENTH
           TO
           THE
           FIFTIETH
           YEAR
           OF
           HIS
           AGE
           ;
           AND
           THAT
           ALL
           ABOVE
           OR
           UNDER
           THESE
           YEARS
           BE
           EXEMPTED
           FROM
           THE
           SERVICE
           ,
           THO
           NOT
           
           FROM
           THE
           CHARGE
           .
           The
           Romans
           oblig'd
           their
           Citizens
           to
           Arms
           from
           the
           *
           seventeenth
           to
           the
           six
           and
           fortieth
           Year
           of
           their
           Age
           ,
           in
           which
           time
           every
           Man
           was
           to
           go
           upon
           the
           Service
           of
           the
           Commonwealth
           ,
           (
           in
           case
           of
           need
           )
           if
           he
           were
           of
           the
           Horse
           ten
           ,
           or
           of
           the
           Foot
           †
           twenty
           times
           ;
           and
           if
           he
           was
           hinder'd
           by
           Sickness
           or
           otherwise
           from
           compleating
           this
           Number
           ,
           he
           might
           be
           compell'd
           to
           do
           it
           until
           he
           was
           fifty
           .
           But
           all
           under
           seventeen
           or
           above
           fifty
           were
           absolutely
           ‖
           excus'd
           ,
           unless
           upon
           those
           extraordinary
           Occasions
           whereof
           we
           spoke
           before
           ;
           and
           then
           the
           Veterans
           and
           Emeriti
           (
           for
           so
           they
           call'd
           the
           superannuated
           Soldiers
           )
           might
           not
           only
           be
           forc'd
           to
           take
           up
           Arms
           ,
           but
           they
           ordinarily
           came
           in
           of
           themselves
           
           when
           their
           Country
           was
           in
           danger
           ,
           and
           by
           their
           Valor
           and
           Experience
           did
           often
           save
           it
           from
           Destruction
           .
           In
           like
           manner
           ,
           when
           any
           General
           of
           great
           Reputation
           was
           to
           go
           upon
           some
           glorious
           Expedition
           ,
           several
           *
           Veterans
           us'd
           to
           offer
           him
           their
           Service
           voluntarily
           ,
           which
           was
           very
           acceptable
           ,
           being
           most
           useful
           both
           by
           their
           Example
           to
           the
           rest
           ,
           and
           their
           own
           personal
           Exploits
           .
           But
           I
           expect
           to
           be
           told
           ,
           that
           GENTLEMEN
           will
           never
           consent
           their
           Sons
           should
           be
           train'd
           like
           
             Common
             Souldiers
          
           .
           Now
           it
           may
           be
           easily
           perceiv'd
           ,
           that
           this
           Contemt
           upon
           the
           most
           honorable
           Profession
           of
           Arms
           is
           purely
           accidental
           ,
           and
           altogether
           occasion'd
           by
           the
           
             Mercenary
             Soldiers
          
           abroad
           ,
           who
           ,
           excepting
           some
           Officers
           and
           a
           few
           Voluntiers
           ,
           being
           most
           of
           'em
           the
           Scum
           of
           Mankind
           ,
           consisting
           of
           ignorant
           ,
           brutish
           ,
           mean
           ,
           beggerly
           ,
           and
           idle
           Fellows
           ,
           that
           live
           only
           upon
           a
           scanty
           Hire
           ,
           which
           is
           
           seldom
           punctually
           paid
           ,
           they
           must
           necessarily
           have
           recourse
           to
           Stealing
           ,
           Robbing
           ,
           Plundring
           ,
           Assassinating
           ,
           and
           the
           like
           flagitious
           Practices
           ;
           and
           what
           's
           still
           worse
           ,
           the
           
             Arbitrary
             Princes
          
           who
           maintain
           them
           ,
           must
           e'en
           let
           them
           live
           upon
           their
           shifts
           ,
           by
           countenancing
           or
           conniving
           at
           these
           Disorders
           :
           for
           there
           's
           no
           Remedy
           unless
           they
           be
           duly
           paid
           ,
           which
           is
           never
           done
           except
           in
           Free
           Governments
           ,
           such
           as
           ours
           and
           Holland
           .
           But
           in
           a
           well-regulated
           MILITIA
           Gentlemen
           make
           their
           Discipline
           to
           be
           properly
           an
           Exercise
           or
           Diversion
           in
           time
           of
           Peace
           ;
           and
           in
           War
           they
           fight
           not
           only
           to
           preserve
           their
           own
           Liberty
           and
           Fortunes
           ,
           but
           also
           to
           become
           the
           best
           Men
           in
           their
           Country
           .
           Nor
           are
           they
           any
           thing
           influenc'd
           by
           that
           PAY
           which
           the
           Government
           justly
           allows
           them
           :
           for
           as
           they
           who
           sit
           quietly
           at
           home
           should
           bear
           their
           Charges
           who
           serve
           'em
           abroad
           ,
           and
           not
           let
           those
           be
           Losers
           in
           their
           private
           Affairs
           ,
           whose
           Valour
           provides
           Security
           to
           theirs
           ;
           so
           on
           the
           other
           hand
           ,
           when
           it
           becomes
           their
           turn
           who
           are
           now
           employ'd
           to
           keep
           at
           home
           ,
           they
           will
           as
           cheerfully
           contribute
           to
           maintain
           those
           who
           succeed
           
           'em
           abroad
           ,
           as
           they
           receiv'd
           their
           PAY
           before
           .
           There
           is
           no
           Weight
           at
           all
           then
           in
           the
           Objection
           ,
           especially
           since
           no
           time
           is
           lost
           to
           Young
           or
           Old
           :
           and
           that
           there
           is
           none
           is
           very
           evident
           ,
           for
           no
           body
           will
           say
           that
           either
           Gentlemen
           or
           Artizans
           lose
           any
           time
           in
           the
           
             Parochial
             Exercises
          
           ;
           all
           People
           allow
           more
           time
           upon
           their
           Pleasures
           every
           Year
           than
           is
           spent
           in
           the
           
             Centuriate
             Assemblies
          
           ;
           and
           their
           turn
           in
           the
           CAMP
           returns
           so
           seldom
           as
           to
           admit
           of
           nothing
           to
           be
           said
           against
           it
           .
           After
           all
           ,
           if
           Gentlemen
           will
           be
           at
           the
           pains
           of
           fighting
           for
           their
           own
           ,
           (
           and
           who
           can
           doubt
           but
           they
           will
           ?
           )
           't
           is
           surely
           worth
           their
           while
           to
           learn
           the
           Art
           of
           doing
           it
           ;
           but
           of
           this
           by
           and
           by
           in
           a
           more
           proper
           Place
           .
        
         
           11.
           
           The
           AGE
           of
           the
           Persons
           constituting
           our
           MILITIA
           being
           thus
           determin'd
           ,
           we
           proceed
           next
           to
           their
           COMMANDERS
           ,
           who
           make
           the
           Subject
           of
           the
           Sixth
           Proposition
           ,
           which
           is
           ,
           THAT
           ALL
           THE
           COMMISSION'D
           OFFICERS
           OF
           THE
           MILITIA
           HAVE
           REAL
           OR
           PERSONAL
           ESTATES
           PROPORTIONABLE
           TO
           THEIR
           SEVERAL
           DEGREES
           ;
           AND
           
           THAT
           ALL
           PERSONS
           THUS
           RIGHTLY
           QUALIFI'D
           IN
           EVERY
           COUNTY
           SUCCEED
           ONE
           ANOTHER
           BY
           TRIENNIAL
           ROTATION
           ,
           THE
           LORDS
           LIEUTENANTS
           ONLY
           EXCEPTED
           ,
           WHO
           ,
           BEING
           GENERAL
           OFFICERS
           ,
           ARE
           NOT
           TO
           BE
           CHANG'D
           WHILE
           THE
           KING
           IS
           PLEAS'D
           TO
           CONTINUE
           'EM
           IN
           THEIR
           POSTS
           .
           The
           Reasons
           for
           qualifying
           the
           OFFICERS
           by
           their
           Property
           are
           the
           same
           with
           those
           I
           have
           offer'd
           under
           the
           first
           Proposition
           for
           admitting
           FREEMEN
           only
           to
           serve
           in
           the
           MILITIA
           ,
           which
           spares
           me
           the
           Labour
           of
           Repetition
           in
           this
           place
           .
           As
           for
           the
           Rotation
           of
           Officers
           propos'd
           ,
           it
           is
           grounded
           upon
           uncontested
           Experience
           and
           Equity
           .
           All
           good
           Politicians
           have
           ever
           allow'd
           that
           to
           be
           the
           best
           and
           noblest
           Government
           where
           Men
           learn
           alternately
           to
           command
           and
           to
           obey
           ;
           because
           at
           this
           rate
           they
           are
           not
           only
           fitted
           to
           serve
           their
           Country
           upon
           all
           occasions
           ,
           but
           likewise
           made
           competent
           Judges
           of
           the
           Merit
           or
           Miscarriage
           of
           others
           .
           This
           was
           the
           known
           Practice
           of
           the
           Romans
           ,
           whose
           
             General
             Officers
          
           were
           ,
           in
           the
           ordinary
           Course
           of
           
           
           
           their
           Government
           ,
           annually
           elected
           ,
           no
           body
           thinking
           it
           a
           Disgrace
           to
           serve
           under
           him
           this
           Year
           ,
           whom
           he
           had
           commanded
           the
           last
           ,
           nor
           to
           be
           afterwards
           an
           inferior
           Officer
           in
           that
           Army
           whose
           Exploits
           were
           the
           Effects
           of
           his
           Conduct
           before
           .
           And
           truly
           this
           sort
           of
           Rotation
           seems
           to
           me
           a
           Duty
           requir'd
           by
           the
           Light
           of
           Nature
           :
           for
           keeping
           an
           equal
           Balance
           between
           those
           of
           the
           same
           Qualifications
           contributes
           above
           all
           things
           to
           keep
           'em
           in
           Peace
           and
           Friendship
           .
           If
           the
           Offices
           shall
           be
           thought
           honorable
           ,
           pleasant
           ,
           or
           profitable
           ,
           no
           body
           envies
           another
           ,
           because
           they
           are
           all
           to
           enjoy
           'em
           in
           their
           turns
           :
           And
           if
           on
           the
           other
           hand
           they
           should
           be
           found
           a
           Charge
           or
           Trouble
           ,
           then
           doubtless
           every
           one
           ought
           to
           bear
           his
           share
           of
           the
           Burden
           ;
           nor
           is
           it
           at
           all
           material
           ,
           whether
           they
           be
           elected
           by
           LOT
           ,
           or
           successively
           appointed
           by
           the
           KING
           .
           The
           PEERS
           ,
           who
           are
           commonly
           the
           Lords
           Lieutenants
           of
           Counties
           ,
           are
           by
           this
           Model
           restor'd
           to
           all
           the
           Privileges
           that
           were
           truly
           good
           and
           excellent
           in
           their
           first
           Institution
           ,
           the
           immediate
           Command
           of
           
           all
           the
           FREEMEN
           in
           England
           under
           the
           KING
           being
           their
           proper
           Charge
           ;
           and
           the
           eternal
           Fame
           which
           some
           of
           their
           Ancestors
           have
           worthily
           acquir'd
           ,
           is
           wholly
           owing
           to
           the
           glorious
           Actions
           they
           perform'd
           in
           this
           Quality
           on
           the
           behalf
           of
           their
           Country
           ;
           and
           not
           in
           the
           least
           to
           that
           immoderate
           Power
           they
           might
           then
           exercise
           over
           the
           PEOPLE
           ,
           who
           ,
           if
           they
           record
           any
           Nobleman
           upon
           this
           account
           ,
           do
           it
           as
           an
           Example
           they
           execrate
           and
           abhor
           ,
           and
           not
           out
           of
           Gratitude
           or
           Love
           ,
           as
           in
           the
           former
           case
           .
           To
           the
           only
           Objection
           I
           apprehend
           against
           this
           Proposition
           ,
           which
           is
           ,
           that
           it
           seems
           to
           limit
           his
           Majesty's
           Authority
           ,
           I
           answer
           ,
           That
           no
           Man
           can
           trust
           him
           with
           a
           greater
           Power
           of
           doing
           Good
           (
           for
           he
           would
           neither
           accept
           nor
           use
           any
           other
           )
           than
           I
           am
           willing
           to
           do
           ;
           seeing
           in
           the
           Opinion
           I
           entertain
           of
           his
           Justice
           ,
           Valor
           ,
           and
           Wisdom
           ,
           I
           believe
           my self
           not
           inferior
           to
           any
           :
           which
           Declaration
           ought
           to
           be
           esteem'd
           the
           more
           sincere
           ,
           inasmuch
           as
           I
           never
           had
           nor
           expect
           any
           particular
           Favor
           from
           him
           besides
           Liberty
           and
           Safety
           ,
           
           the
           common
           Blessings
           of
           his
           Government
           .
           He
           knows
           already
           that
           all
           the
           Power
           he
           has
           is
           bounded
           by
           Laws
           ,
           and
           we
           are
           convinc'd
           by
           Experience
           that
           he
           refuses
           no
           Limitation
           to
           it
           when
           he
           judges
           it
           to
           be
           for
           the
           Advantage
           of
           the
           Nation
           .
           Thus
           have
           the
           Act
           for
           
             Triennial
             Parliaments
          
           ,
           and
           that
           of
           
             regulating
             Trials
             in
             cases
             of
             High
             Treason
          
           (
           to
           mention
           no
           more
           )
           past
           by
           his
           Authority
           ;
           whereas
           no
           Prince
           that
           design'd
           to
           injure
           his
           Subjects
           ,
           would
           ever
           give
           his
           Assent
           to
           either
           of
           them
           .
           A
           Person
           of
           his
           Sagacity
           and
           Prudence
           will
           not
           easily
           be
           deluded
           by
           the
           mean
           Obsequiousness
           of
           any
           MINISTERS
           ,
           who
           make
           their
           Court
           with
           gratifying
           what
           they
           take
           to
           be
           their
           Master's
           Inclinations
           ;
           and
           ,
           without
           any
           regard
           to
           his
           or
           the
           Nation
           's
           real
           Interest
           ,
           lay
           out
           all
           their
           Efforts
           to
           gain
           him
           some
           
             invidious
             Point
          
           :
           for
           it
           is
           a
           setl'd
           Maxim
           with
           most
           of
           this
           Race
           ,
           That
           ALL
           KINGS
           WHATSOEVER
           WOULD
           BE
           ABSOLUTE
           ;
           presuming
           on
           which
           pernicious
           Doctrine
           they
           bring
           a
           certain
           Ruin
           on
           the
           Affairs
           of
           Princes
           ,
           if
           not
           happily
           prevented
           by
           
           their
           own
           timely
           Fall
           ,
           which
           commonly
           happens
           in
           
             Free
             Governments
          
           .
           But
           a
           good
           KING
           ,
           instead
           of
           lessening
           his
           own
           Power
           by
           Concessions
           of
           this
           nature
           ,
           gains
           more
           Security
           ,
           Respect
           ,
           and
           Glory
           ,
           than
           could
           be
           obtain'd
           by
           the
           most
           numerous
           Armies
           .
           I
           cannot
           upon
           this
           occasion
           but
           relate
           the
           remarkable
           Story
           of
           THEOPOMPUS
           King
           of
           
             Sparta
             ,
             who
          
           ,
           as
           VALERIUS
           MAXIMUS
           *
           writes
           ,
           
             when
             he
             first
             ordain'd
             that
             the
          
           EPHORI
           ,
           
             or
             Overseers
             ,
             should
             be
             created
             at
          
           Lacedemon
           ,
           
             to
             be
             such
             a
             Restraint
             upon
             the
             Kings
             there
             ,
             as
             the
             Tribunes
             were
             upon
             the
             Consuls
             at
          
           Rome
           .
           
             the
             Queen
             complain'd
             to
             him
             ,
             that
             by
             this
             means
             he
             transmitted
             the
             Royal
             Authority
             greatly
             diminish'd
             to
             his
             Children
             :
             
             I
             leave
             it
             indeed
             less
             ,
          
           answer'd
           he
           ,
           
             but
             more
             lasting
             .
             And
             this
             ,
          
           adds
           our
           Author
           ,
           
             was
             excellently
             said
             ;
             for
             that
             Power
             only
             is
             safe
             ,
             which
             is
             limited
             from
             doing
             Hurt
             .
          
           THEOPOMPUS
           therefore
           ,
           continues
           he
           ,
           
             by
             confining
             the
             Kingly
             Power
             within
             the
             Bounds
             of
             the
             Laws
             ,
             did
             recommend
             it
             by
             so
             much
             to
             the
             People's
             Affection
             as
             he
             remov'd
             it
             from
             being
             Arbitrary
             .
          
           But
           ,
           lest
           I
           might
           seem
           to
           digress
           ,
           I
           demand
           ,
           What
           Power
           is
           taken
           out
           of
           the
           KING'S
           hand
           by
           our
           Proposition
           ?
           For
           in
           the
           present
           Militia
           the
           Colonels
           ,
           Majors
           ,
           Captains
           ,
           and
           other
           Officers
           are
           to
           be
           appointed
           by
           the
           *
           Lord
           Lieutenant
           ;
           and
           I
           would
           have
           'em
           chosen
           by
           his
           Majesty
           himself
           ,
           or
           whom
           he
           pleases
           to
           depute
           ,
           but
           only
           qualify'd
           to
           serve
           their
           Prince
           and
           Country
           more
           effectually
           :
           Nor
           can
           the
           Nomination
           be
           any
           where
           more
           safely
           lodg'd
           than
           in
           the
           KING
           for
           his
           Life
           ,
           provided
           the
           Act
           restrains
           it
           to
           Election
           under
           his
           Successors
           ,
           who
           will
           enjoy
           all
           reasonable
           Power
           ,
           since
           
           they
           may
           appoint
           or
           continue
           the
           General
           Officers
           at
           their
           pleasure
           .
           And
           ,
           besides
           the
           foregoing
           Considerations
           ,
           nothing
           can
           render
           his
           present
           Majesty
           more
           easy
           than
           this
           part
           of
           the
           Model
           ,
           seeing
           that
           by
           it
           he
           has
           an
           admirable
           Opportunity
           of
           gratifying
           all
           Sides
           ,
           and
           disobliging
           none
           ;
           for
           if
           he
           should
           put
           any
           TORIES
           in
           Commission
           ,
           the
           WHIGS
           would
           presently
           cry
           ,
           that
           he
           was
           committing
           himself
           solely
           into
           their
           Enemies
           Hands
           ;
           and
           should
           the
           WHIGS
           be
           the
           only
           Persons
           intrusted
           ,
           the
           TORIES
           would
           justly
           continue
           still
           disaffected
           :
           Whereas
           on
           the
           foot
           of
           the
           Rotation
           propos'd
           he
           may
           fairly
           employ
           those
           of
           both
           Parties
           duly
           qualify'd
           to
           serve
           their
           Country
           .
           And
           indeed
           I
           may
           venture
           to
           affirm
           ,
           that
           this
           impartial
           Distribution
           of
           Honor
           and
           Profit
           is
           the
           only
           way
           possible
           to
           heal
           ours
           ,
           or
           the
           Divisions
           of
           any
           other
           Government
           :
           for
           such
           as
           are
           not
           admitted
           to
           Confidence
           and
           Preferment
           ,
           are
           most
           of
           'em
           offended
           upon
           no
           other
           score
           ;
           and
           they
           who
           are
           in
           possession
           of
           those
           Advantages
           will
           
           be
           always
           for
           retaining
           and
           engrossing
           them
           ,
           either
           by
           the
           Exclusion
           or
           absolute
           Ruin
           of
           their
           Adversaries
           .
           But
           as
           in
           War
           the
           KING
           has
           equally
           protected
           all
           his
           Subjects
           ,
           so
           I
           hope
           in
           Peace
           he
           'll
           abolish
           their
           infamous
           Distinctions
           ,
           and
           render
           England
           the
           Glory
           and
           Terror
           of
           the
           World.
           
        
         
           12.
           
           The
           most
           excellent
           Institution
           imaginable
           cannot
           be
           of
           any
           considerable
           Duration
           ,
           unless
           extraordinary
           Care
           be
           taken
           about
           the
           Education
           of
           YOUTH
           ,
           which
           is
           shamefully
           neglected
           in
           this
           Age
           ;
           for
           very
           few
           are
           at
           those
           Pains
           and
           Expence
           in
           forming
           the
           Manners
           of
           their
           own
           Children
           ,
           as
           they
           freely
           bestow
           to
           breed
           up
           Setting-dogs
           and
           Race-horses
           ,
           or
           on
           things
           altogether
           as
           frivolous
           and
           indifferent
           .
           The
           sad
           Effects
           of
           this
           Disorder
           are
           visible
           enough
           every
           where
           ,
           and
           were
           ever
           carefully
           prevented
           in
           
             wise
             Governments
          
           .
           All
           Legislators
           had
           a
           particular
           regard
           in
           their
           Laws
           to
           the
           breeding
           of
           the
           Young
           ,
           well
           knowing
           that
           such
           as
           they
           were
           ,
           such
           the
           Government
           would
           prove
           to
           be
           .
           
           What
           's
           amiss
           in
           this
           respect
           among
           our selves
           is
           more
           easily
           discover'd
           ,
           than
           reform'd
           .
           I
           shall
           therefore
           at
           this
           time
           content
           my self
           with
           offering
           a
           Remedy
           in
           what
           immediately
           concerns
           my
           Subject
           ,
           and
           so
           the
           Seventh
           Proposition
           of
           this
           Scheme
           shall
           be
           ,
           THAT
           ALL
           NOW
           UNDER
           THE
           AGE
           OF
           EIGHTEEN
           YEARS
           ,
           OR
           THAT
           SHALL
           BE
           BORN
           HEREAFTER
           ,
           BE
           INCAPABLE
           OF
           HOLDING
           ANY
           POST
           OF
           HONOR
           OR
           PROFIT
           UNDER
           THE
           GOVERNMENT
           (
           EXCEPTING
           IN
           THE
           PROFESSIONS
           OF
           DIVINITY
           ,
           LAW
           ,
           AND
           PHYSICK
           )
           UNLESS
           THEY
           FIRST
           QUALIFY
           THEMSELVES
           BY
           SERVING
           TWO
           CAMPAIGNS
           BY
           LAND
           OR
           SEA.
           By
           this
           Proposition
           none
           already
           arriv'd
           to
           the
           complete
           Age
           of
           Manhood
           are
           excluded
           from
           bearing
           Offices
           ;
           and
           they
           who
           are
           now
           full
           Eighteen
           ,
           are
           only
           kept
           back
           till
           they
           are
           Twenty
           ,
           before
           which
           time
           they
           could
           scarcely
           expect
           Employment
           even
           as
           Matters
           now
           stand
           .
           I
           cannot
           therefore
           foresee
           that
           any
           
           Opposition
           will
           be
           made
           to
           this
           part
           of
           the
           Model
           ,
           seeing
           it
           neither
           affects
           them
           who
           are
           actually
           engag'd
           in
           Business
           ,
           nor
           such
           as
           stand
           Candidates
           for
           Preferment
           :
           For
           the
           blame
           of
           being
           unqualifi'd
           ,
           as
           propos'd
           ,
           ought
           to
           be
           attributed
           to
           a
           Defect
           in
           our
           Constitution
           ,
           and
           not
           to
           any
           want
           of
           Merit
           in
           particular
           Persons
           .
           The
           YOUTH
           themselves
           (
           if
           we
           can
           imagin
           'em
           so
           basely
           dispos'd
           )
           are
           not
           in
           a
           Condition
           to
           obstruct
           it
           ;
           and
           if
           it
           happens
           to
           pass
           ,
           it
           becomes
           as
           familiar
           to
           those
           who
           shall
           be
           born
           hereafter
           as
           the
           other
           parts
           of
           our
           Government
           .
           There
           remain
           then
           no
           Adversaries
           in
           all
           probability
           ,
           unless
           some
           People
           should
           envy
           the
           happy
           Effects
           of
           it
           to
           their
           Country
           ,
           which
           we
           may
           better
           judg
           impossible
           than
           SOLON
           that
           no
           Parricide
           could
           be
           perpetrated
           in
           his
           Republick
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           Reason
           that
           he
           ordain'd
           no
           Punishment
           for
           this
           horrid
           Crime
           .
           The
           most
           unthinking
           among
           us
           must
           perceive
           that
           no
           other
           Method
           can
           be
           so
           effectual
           to
           render
           our
           Country
           famous
           ,
           and
           our
           Government
           lasting
           .
           When
           the
           
             Young
             Men
          
           (
           of
           all
           
           others
           the
           most
           ambitious
           of
           Glory
           and
           Honor
           )
           are
           once
           convinc'd
           that
           this
           is
           the
           only
           Road
           to
           Preferment
           ,
           they
           will
           timely
           qualify
           themselves
           ,
           and
           so
           all
           Posts
           will
           be
           suppli'd
           with
           Persons
           of
           known
           Experience
           .
           Whoever
           has
           read
           the
           preceding
           part
           of
           this
           Piece
           ,
           cannot
           mistake
           my
           Sense
           about
           the
           Land-Campaigns
           ;
           but
           as
           to
           the
           SEA
           ,
           he
           that
           is
           two
           Summers
           aboard
           any
           Man
           of
           War
           in
           our
           ordinary
           Guards
           ,
           or
           that
           goes
           twice
           in
           any
           Vessel
           into
           the
           
             Baltick
             ,
             Mediterranean
          
           ,
           or
           the
           West-Indies
           ,
           and
           once
           to
           any
           part
           of
           the
           East-Indies
           ,
           shall
           be
           deem'd
           rightly
           qualifi'd
           .
           It
           signifies
           nothing
           whether
           it
           be
           in
           War
           or
           Peace
           ;
           for
           the
           principal
           Design
           is
           to
           acquaint
           'em
           with
           the
           Nature
           of
           this
           Service
           so
           important
           to
           our
           Island
           ,
           and
           to
           give
           'em
           an
           opportunity
           of
           seeing
           Forein
           Countries
           in
           order
           to
           put
           a
           true
           Value
           upon
           their
           own
           .
           When
           one
           that
           has
           thus
           past
           a
           part
           of
           his
           time
           is
           afterwards
           a
           Member
           of
           the
           House
           of
           Lords
           or
           Commons
           ,
           of
           the
           Admiralty
           or
           Navy
           ,
           he
           must
           needs
           speak
           more
           pertinently
           ,
           and
           be
           less
           
           easily
           deceiv'd
           in
           the
           usual
           Disputes
           ,
           whether
           any
           Miscarriage
           is
           occasion'd
           by
           Treachery
           or
           Accident
           ;
           he
           can
           discern
           the
           Guilt
           or
           Merit
           of
           the
           Seamen
           ;
           he
           can
           judg
           of
           Victualling
           ,
           Maning
           ,
           or
           otherwise
           fitting
           out
           our
           Ships
           ;
           and
           determin
           the
           proper
           Seasons
           for
           every
           Action
           far
           better
           than
           another
           that
           never
           was
           at
           Sea
           unless
           in
           a
           Ferry-boat
           to
           Calais
           or
           the
           Bril
           .
           We
           know
           likewise
           by
           the
           great
           Care
           the
           KING
           has
           taken
           to
           supply
           his
           Ships
           with
           able
           Masters
           ,
           and
           by
           what
           we
           may
           observe
           in
           the
           Accomplishments
           of
           several
           Persons
           who
           fail'd
           in
           them
           ,
           that
           there
           is
           not
           a
           properer
           place
           of
           learning
           most
           part
           of
           the
           Mathematicks
           ,
           there
           being
           no
           doubt
           to
           be
           made
           about
           the
           particular
           Art
           of
           Navigation
           .
           And
           to
           speak
           no
           more
           of
           the
           Marine
           (
           for
           to
           hint
           these
           things
           is
           enough
           )
           when
           Gentlemen
           are
           so
           long
           debar'd
           all
           their
           ordinary
           Land-Exercises
           ,
           they
           have
           an
           excellent
           opportunity
           of
           studying
           Geography
           or
           Astronomy
           ,
           and
           mastering
           the
           best
           part
           of
           Antient
           and
           Modern
           History
           :
           for
           they
           must
           read
           
           something
           in
           their
           own
           defence
           against
           Idleness
           ,
           the
           most
           painful
           Condition
           in
           the
           World
           ;
           and
           they
           may
           keep
           Books
           as
           conveniently
           in
           their
           Cabins
           ,
           as
           in
           their
           Studies
           at
           home
           .
           After
           a
           considerable
           number
           are
           thus
           initiated
           at
           Sea
           ,
           while
           others
           by
           Land
           make
           the
           ordinary
           Tour
           of
           
             Holland
             ,
             Germany
             ,
             Italy
          
           ,
           and
           France
           ;
           and
           that
           several
           ,
           perhaps
           ,
           have
           travell'd
           both
           by
           Land
           and
           Sea
           ,
           no
           Government
           in
           the
           World
           can
           be
           so
           well
           suppli'd
           with
           Learn'd
           ,
           Polite
           ,
           and
           able
           Men
           to
           fil
           all
           sorts
           of
           Stations
           .
           The
           Romans
           did
           after
           this
           manner
           educate
           their
           Children
           from
           their
           very
           Cradles
           in
           the
           Theory
           and
           Practice
           of
           those
           things
           wherein
           they
           were
           afterwards
           to
           make
           a
           glorious
           Figure
           in
           the
           Service
           of
           their
           Country
           .
           They
           ,
           to
           whom
           the
           particular
           Inspection
           of
           the
           YOUTH
           was
           committed
           ,
           were
           not
           Persons
           retir'd
           ,
           and
           strangers
           to
           Business
           ;
           but
           Men
           of
           nice
           Breeding
           ,
           and
           that
           understood
           Mankind
           as
           well
           as
           the
           Liberal
           Arts
           and
           Sciences
           .
           They
           inform'd
           their
           Pupils
           (
           to
           whom
           they
           were
           rather
           Companions
           
           than
           Masters
           )
           in
           the
           Duties
           of
           grown
           Age
           ,
           before
           they
           arriv'd
           to
           it
           ;
           and
           ,
           having
           no
           Interest
           to
           keep
           'em
           more
           ignorant
           than
           themselves
           ,
           they
           did
           not
           waste
           their
           time
           by
           teaching
           'em
           any
           barbarous
           Jargon
           ,
           trifling
           Notions
           ,
           or
           useless
           Speculations
           ,
           which
           they
           must
           unlearn
           again
           if
           they
           would
           be
           understood
           ,
           or
           not
           be
           counted
           ridiculous
           when
           they
           come
           abroad
           into
           the
           World.
           
             The
             Young
             Men
          
           ,
           says
           *
           PLINY
           ,
           
             were
             early
             accustom'd
             to
             Arms
             in
             the
             Field
             ,
             that
             they
             might
             learn
             by
             obeying
             to
             command
             ,
             and
             to
             act
             the
             part
             of
             a
             General
             while
             they
             follow'd
             one
             .
             Aspiring
             likewise
             to
             Civil
             Dignities
             ,
             they
             stood
             by
             the
             Door
             of
             the
             Senate
             House
             ,
             and
             were
             Spectators
             of
             the
             Publick
             Assembly
             before
             they
             were
             Members
             of
             it
             .
          
           The
           
             Young
             Gentlemen
          
           also
           us'd
           to
           chuse
           to
           themselves
           Patrons
           of
           the
           most
           eminent
           Persons
           in
           the
           City
           ,
           whose
           great
           Actions
           they
           diligently
           observ'd
           ,
           and
           
           propos'd
           not
           so
           much
           to
           imitate
           ,
           as
           to
           exceed
           them
           .
           Every
           Morning
           they
           went
           to
           their
           Levée
           ,
           and
           thence
           accompani'd
           them
           to
           the
           FORUM
           and
           other
           publick
           Places
           ,
           where
           they
           patiently
           bore
           Hunger
           ,
           Thirst
           ,
           and
           all
           manner
           of
           Fatigue
           ,
           that
           they
           might
           attain
           to
           the
           highest
           pitch
           of
           Eloquence
           ,
           and
           be
           throughly
           vers'd
           in
           
             Civil
             Affairs
          
           .
           When
           the
           Business
           of
           the
           Day
           was
           over
           ,
           they
           dutifully
           waited
           home
           upon
           their
           Patrons
           ,
           and
           these
           again
           on
           their
           part
           took
           abundance
           of
           care
           to
           improve
           the
           Youth
           .
           They
           were
           as
           cautious
           to
           give
           'em
           any
           ill
           Examples
           in
           Words
           or
           Action
           ,
           as
           to
           their
           own
           Children
           .
           They
           entertain'd
           them
           with
           the
           greatest
           familiarity
           ,
           and
           the
           general
           Subject
           of
           their
           Discourse
           was
           about
           framing
           good
           Laws
           ,
           and
           the
           several
           kinds
           of
           Government
           ;
           in
           their
           own
           ,
           they
           taught
           'em
           wherein
           consisted
           the
           *
           
             Magistrates
             Power
          
           ,
           and
           
             the
             Liberty
             of
             the
             People
          
           ;
           they
           explain'd
           the
           Art
           of
           War
           ,
           and
           read
           Divine
           Lectures
           
           concerning
           the
           Excellency
           of
           Vertue
           ;
           never
           forgetting
           to
           inculcate
           upon
           every
           occasion
           the
           Love
           of
           their
           Country
           as
           the
           Foundation
           of
           all
           their
           future
           Actions
           at
           Home
           or
           Abroad
           :
           Nor
           did
           the
           Conversation
           want
           facetious
           and
           pleasant
           Intervals
           to
           make
           it
           easier
           to
           both
           sides
           .
           This
           was
           the
           true
           Source
           ,
           not
           only
           of
           that
           unparallel'd
           Friendship
           ,
           Valour
           ,
           Prudence
           ,
           Justice
           ,
           Eloquence
           ,
           and
           Generosity
           wherein
           that
           bravest
           People
           of
           the
           Universe
           excel'd
           ;
           but
           even
           the
           preeminence
           of
           their
           Historians
           above
           all
           the
           Modern
           proceeds
           from
           hence
           :
           For
           the
           
             Young
             Gentlemen
          
           being
           so
           intimately
           acquainted
           with
           the
           Actions
           of
           their
           Patrons
           ,
           and
           writing
           down
           their
           remarkable
           Sayings
           ,
           or
           copying
           their
           most
           finish'd
           Compositions
           ,
           they
           afterwards
           frequently
           mention'd
           or
           quoted
           them
           ;
           so
           that
           all
           the
           best
           and
           vertuous
           Examples
           became
           commonly
           known
           .
           But
           of
           this
           Subject
           I
           shall
           speak
           more
           copiously
           in
           my
           BRUTUS
           ,
           or
           THE
           HISTORY
           OF
           LIBERTY
           AND
           TYRANNY
           which
           I
           am
           now
           digesting
           ,
           with
           a
           Design
           ,
           whenever
           
           finish'd
           ,
           to
           publish
           it
           in
           *
           Latin
           and
           English.
           In
           this
           Work
           I
           endeavor
           to
           copy
           the
           People
           whereof
           I
           treat
           ,
           and
           will
           confirm
           my
           Subject
           with
           the
           most
           beautiful
           Passages
           of
           the
           Antients
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           illustrate
           it
           by
           Modern
           Examples
           ,
           both
           of
           the
           Dead
           and
           the
           Living
           .
           As
           to
           the
           latter
           I
           shall
           make
           little
           mention
           of
           the
           worse
           sort
           ,
           thinking
           to
           dishonor
           'em
           more
           by
           silencing
           their
           Names
           ,
           should
           my
           History
           last
           to
           Posterity
           ,
           than
           by
           relating
           their
           infamous
           Actions
           ;
           and
           if
           my
           Book
           miscarries
           ,
           they
           are
           but
           in
           obscurity
           still
           .
           That
           the
           number
           of
           extraordinary
           Men
           is
           very
           small
           in
           our
           Age
           ,
           we
           need
           not
           desire
           a
           clearer
           Demonstration
           than
           to
           find
           so
           few
           Histories
           tolerably
           pen'd
           ;
           for
           't
           is
           want
           of
           Matter
           ,
           and
           consequently
           of
           Encouragement
           ,
           but
           not
           of
           Ability
           ,
           which
           makes
           our
           Writers
           so
           much
           inferior
           to
           those
           of
           past
           times
           ,
           when
           CICERO
           himself
           courts
           to
           be
           immortaliz'd
           by
           the
           
           †
           Pen
           of
           LUCCEIUS
           .
           PLINY
           ,
           who
           liv'd
           in
           the
           decay
           of
           the
           Roman
           Empire
           and
           Manners
           ,
           tells
           us
           what
           Honors
           were
           formerly
           confer'd
           on
           those
           who
           wrote
           the
           Histories
           of
           Governments
           or
           Great
           Persons
           :
           ‖
           
             But
             in
             our
             time
          
           ,
           says
           he
           ,
           
             this
             Custom
             ,
             as
             several
             good
             and
             excellent
             things
             ,
             is
             quite
             abolish'd
             ;
             for
             since
             we
             left
             off
             to
             do
             commendable
             Actions
             ,
             we
             think
             it
             impertinent
             to
             be
             commended
             .
          
           This
           Digression
           (
           if
           any
           thing
           that
           makes
           for
           my
           purpose
           may
           be
           so
           cal'd
           )
           is
           intended
           to
           excite
           our
           Youth
           to
           pursue
           Fame
           by
           noble
           and
           useful
           Performances
           .
           TULLY
           ,
           whose
           Eloquence
           
           and
           Quality
           of
           a
           Roman
           Senator
           made
           him
           an
           Advocate
           for
           Kings
           ,
           disdains
           not
           to
           acknowledg
           that
           he
           wrote
           the
           best
           part
           of
           his
           incomparable
           Works
           to
           reform
           *
           and
           instruct
           the
           Youth
           ;
           which
           in
           that
           declining
           State
           of
           the
           Common-wealth
           ,
           was
           strangely
           corrupted
           .
           The
           two
           Years
           of
           Action
           which
           I
           add
           to
           their
           Sedentary
           Studies
           ,
           will
           not
           ,
           I
           hope
           ,
           seem
           tedious
           ,
           if
           in
           their
           reading
           they
           observe
           that
           the
           Romans
           were
           to
           serve
           ten
           times
           to
           become
           capable
           of
           certain
           Posts
           ,
           seven
           times
           for
           others
           ,
           and
           four
           e're
           they
           could
           fill
           any
           place
           almost
           in
           the
           Government
           .
        
         
           13.
           
           Hitherto
           the
           whole
           Discourse
           related
           to
           our
           own
           DEFENCE
           against
           Invasions
           ;
           but
           sometimes
           we
           are
           oblig'd
           to
           transport
           Armies
           beyond
           the
           Seas
           ,
           either
           to
           ASSERT
           our
           own
           Rights
           against
           insolent
           and
           
           treacherous
           Enemies
           ,
           or
           else
           to
           ASSIST
           our
           Friends
           and
           Allies
           .
           That
           such
           Occasions
           may
           frequently
           happen
           ,
           none
           will
           go
           about
           to
           deny
           ;
           yet
           Multitudes
           (
           I
           'm
           afraid
           )
           will
           dislike
           the
           Methods
           I
           would
           have
           observ'd
           in
           the
           management
           of
           our
           
             Forein
             Wars
          
           .
           But
           my
           Assertions
           are
           not
           the
           less
           solid
           because
           some
           People
           are
           Cowards
           ,
           and
           others
           now
           unaccustom'd
           to
           what
           their
           Ancestors
           successfully
           practis'd
           heretofore
           :
           Nor
           ought
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           Scheme
           ,
           should
           any
           reject
           this
           part
           of
           it
           ,
           be
           counted
           the
           more
           weak
           or
           inconsistent
           .
           So
           my
           Eigth
           Proposition
           is
           ,
           THAT
           THE
           MAIN
           BODY
           OF
           OUR
           ARMIES
           ABROAD
           BE
           WHOLLY
           COMPOS'D
           OF
           THE
           FREE
           MILITIA
           ,
           THE
           ONE
           HALF
           TO
           BE
           ANNUALLY
           RELIEV'D
           BY
           SUCCESSIVE
           LEVIES
           IN
           THE
           CLASSES
           ;
           AND
           BE
           ALWAYS
           CORROBORATED
           WITH
           A
           SUFFICIENT
           NUMBER
           OF
           AUXILIARIES
           .
           We
           prov'd
           before
           under
           the
           First
           Proposition
           ,
           that
           FREEMEN
           will
           fight
           better
           than
           
           SERVANTS
           ,
           that
           all
           Wars
           carri'd
           on
           by
           the
           former
           are
           quickly
           finish'd
           ,
           that
           wherever
           the
           Sword
           is
           in
           their
           Hands
           that
           Government
           is
           free
           ,
           and
           that
           they
           are
           consequently
           disus'd
           or
           discourag'd
           from
           bearing
           Arms
           by
           such
           as
           design
           to
           set
           up
           a
           Tyrannical
           Power
           .
           Now
           ,
           all
           these
           Reasons
           should
           prevail
           with
           us
           to
           send
           our
           MILITIA
           of
           Citizens
           abroad
           instead
           of
           Mercenaries
           .
           The
           Romans
           in
           point
           of
           War
           are
           the
           best
           Example
           ,
           with
           respect
           to
           Success
           or
           Safety
           ,
           that
           any
           Nation
           can
           imitate
           ;
           and
           while
           they
           strictly
           adher'd
           to
           this
           Rule
           ,
           they
           were
           both
           invincible
           themselves
           ,
           and
           no
           People
           on
           Earth
           could
           resist
           the
           Force
           of
           their
           Arms
           :
           But
           when
           their
           Antient
           Orders
           were
           neglected
           or
           abolish'd
           ,
           then
           they
           became
           an
           easy
           Prey
           to
           all
           that
           invaded
           them
           .
           Thus
           the
           Eastern
           Nations
           ,
           tho
           infinitely
           superior
           in
           Numbers
           and
           Territories
           ,
           yet
           by
           reason
           of
           their
           luxurious
           living
           ,
           and
           that
           they
           plac'd
           their
           chief
           Strength
           in
           mighty
           Bodies
           of
           Mercenaries
           ,
           they
           were
           quickly
           subdu'd
           by
           the
           MILITIA
           of
           Italy
           ;
           nor
           would
           the
           Inhabitants
           
           of
           that
           Country
           perform
           less
           at
           this
           present
           time
           ,
           were
           they
           under
           the
           same
           Discipline
           .
           The
           
             Gauls
             ,
             Germans
          
           ,
           and
           Brittons
           were
           more
           valiant
           ,
           it
           's
           true
           ,
           than
           the
           Asiatic
           Nations
           ,
           and
           better
           order'd
           (
           for
           they
           were
           a
           kind
           of
           MILITIA
           )
           but
           they
           were
           also
           finally
           subdu'd
           and
           broken
           by
           the
           Roman
           Legions
           .
           On
           the
           other
           hand
           ,
           when
           the
           Sword
           was
           taken
           from
           the
           Citizens
           or
           Freemen
           ,
           and
           put
           into
           the
           Hands
           of
           Servants
           by
           the
           Arbitrary
           Emperors
           who
           durst
           not
           trust
           Men
           of
           Property
           ,
           the
           Oriental
           Countries
           not
           only
           shook
           off
           the
           Roman
           Empire
           ;
           but
           likewise
           the
           Lombards
           and
           Goths
           invaded
           Italy
           it self
           ;
           and
           tho
           not
           exceeding
           the
           old
           Gauls
           and
           Germans
           in
           Courage
           or
           Conduct
           ,
           yet
           they
           absolutely
           conquer'd
           the
           Conquerors
           of
           the
           World.
           In
           short
           ,
           the
           Romans
           lost
           their
           LIBERTY
           and
           PROPERTY
           ,
           and
           with
           them
           all
           that
           ardent
           LOVE
           to
           their
           Country
           ,
           which
           made
           them
           so
           freely
           bleed
           in
           its
           Defence
           before
           .
           And
           indeed
           no
           Man
           of
           sense
           ever
           meant
           any
           other
           thing
           by
           that
           Inclination
           for
           one's
           Country
           ,
           
           so
           much
           celebrated
           in
           the
           Works
           of
           Orators
           and
           Poets
           ,
           but
           only
           the
           good
           Government
           of
           it
           .
           
             Dimicare
             pro
             Aris
             &
             Focis
          
           was
           a
           synonymous
           Expression
           in
           the
           mouth
           of
           a
           Roman
           ,
           for
           
             pugnare
             pro
             Patria
          
           .
           Hence
           it
           is
           that
           BRUTUS
           reproaching
           CICERO
           for
           the
           servile
           Court
           he
           made
           to
           OCTAVIUS
           ,
           speaks
           to
           him
           in
           these
           Terms
           ;
           †
           
             Do
             you
             believe
             then
          
           ,
           says
           he
           ,
           
             that
             we
             receive
             Security
             when
             our
             Lives
             are
             spar'd
             ?
             Or
             how
             can
             we
             accept
             of
             the
             latter
             ,
             if
             first
             we
             must
             part
             with
             our
             Liberty
             and
             Dignity
             ?
             Do
             you
             think
             that
             to
             be
             safe
             ,
             it
             is
             enough
             to
             live
             at
          
           Rome
           ?
           
             The
             Thing
             and
             not
             the
             Place
             can
             only
             put
             me
             in
             that
             condition
             .
          
           And
           afterwards
           he
           adds
           ,
           *
           
             Either
             I
             shall
             reduce
             those
             to
             their
             Duty
             who
             oppress
             their
             Country
             ,
             or
             remove
             to
             a
             
             great
             distance
             from
             you
             that
             are
             willing
             to
             be
             Slaves
             ,
             and
             ,
             wherever
             I
             may
             be
             free
             ,
             there
             think
             my self
             in
          
           Rome
           .
           We
           likewise
           are
           taught
           to
           love
           our
           Country
           above
           all
           others
           ,
           valuing
           our selves
           every
           moment
           upon
           being
           ENGLISH
           MEN
           ;
           and
           that
           most
           deservedly
           ,
           for
           we
           cannot
           speak
           too
           magnificently
           of
           our
           Felicity
           .
           But
           we
           never
           mean
           our
           Soil
           or
           Climate
           ,
           seeing
           these
           are
           much
           excel'd
           by
           several
           others
           in
           the
           World
           ;
           therefore
           it
           must
           be
           our
           Government
           that
           makes
           the
           Scale
           heavier
           on
           our
           side
           .
           A
           partial
           Affection
           to
           the
           Land
           where
           we
           first
           drew
           our
           Breath
           ,
           abstracted
           from
           other
           Considerations
           ,
           is
           but
           a
           childish
           Prejudice
           ,
           not
           less
           ridiculous
           than
           that
           of
           some
           elder
           Persons
           ,
           who
           think
           it
           an
           extraordinary
           Blessing
           to
           be
           laid
           in
           the
           same
           Graves
           with
           their
           Relations
           .
           The
           Romans
           then
           were
           always
           possess'd
           with
           a
           hearty
           Kindness
           for
           their
           Country
           ;
           and
           being
           earnestly
           desirous
           of
           returning
           to
           it
           in
           Peace
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           certain
           of
           receiving
           the
           Rewards
           and
           Applause
           due
           to
           their
           Merit
           ,
           they
           perform'd
           Wonders
           abroad
           .
           
           The
           Reason
           why
           no
           other
           People
           did
           as
           much
           is
           ,
           because
           the
           Government
           of
           no
           other
           Place
           was
           so
           well
           constituted
           .
           Here
           was
           no
           difference
           between
           the
           Citizen
           and
           the
           Statesman
           ,
           between
           the
           Husbandman
           and
           the
           Soldier
           ;
           whence
           the
           Minds
           of
           the
           Inhabitants
           were
           enlarg'd
           to
           that
           degree
           ,
           that
           they
           became
           capable
           of
           designing
           and
           effecting
           every
           thing
           .
           Their
           KNOWLEDG
           and
           POLITENESS
           made
           them
           sensible
           of
           the
           Excellency
           of
           their
           Constitution
           ,
           which
           still
           encreas'd
           their
           Fondness
           of
           it
           ,
           and
           render'd
           'em
           so
           valiant
           to
           preserve
           it
           .
           Their
           City
           and
           Territory
           were
           divided
           into
           several
           TRIBES
           ,
           not
           unlike
           our
           Counties
           ,
           and
           their
           Assemblies
           call'd
           COMITIA
           TRIBUTA
           .
           Their
           People
           again
           were
           distributed
           into
           six
           Classes
           ,
           besides
           the
           lesser
           Divisions
           of
           Centuries
           ,
           and
           Curiae
           or
           Parishes
           .
           Now
           ,
           their
           MILITIA
           going
           always
           abroad
           by
           Rotation
           out
           of
           the
           Tribes
           and
           Colonies
           ,
           together
           not
           seldom
           with
           their
           Allies
           ,
           whenever
           they
           were
           beaten
           (
           as
           in
           the
           dubious
           Events
           of
           War
           it
           must
           happen
           sometimes
           )
           they
           were
           immediately
           
           
           
           repair'd
           ;
           and
           so
           one
           Army
           constantly
           sent
           after
           another
           ,
           which
           could
           not
           fail
           where
           the
           People
           were
           all
           disciplin'd
           ,
           till
           no
           Force
           whatsoever
           was
           able
           to
           stand
           before
           them
           .
           But
           when
           a
           Mercenary
           Army
           is
           once
           routed
           and
           dispers'd
           ,
           then
           all
           is
           irrecoverably
           lost
           ,
           because
           that
           either
           you
           cannot
           presently
           take
           the
           Field
           again
           ,
           or
           you
           only
           oppose
           the
           Enemy
           with
           undisciplin'd
           Multitudes
           .
           Now
           we
           may
           easily
           conceive
           why
           a
           MILITIA
           of
           Freemen
           are
           for
           venturing
           a
           Battle
           whenever
           they
           are
           favor'd
           with
           an
           Opportunity
           of
           doing
           it
           ,
           whereas
           MERCENARIES
           are
           observ'd
           to
           decline
           fighting
           as
           much
           as
           they
           can
           ;
           for
           ,
           to
           speak
           nothing
           of
           what
           we
           said
           before
           concerning
           their
           different
           Dispositions
           ,
           the
           first
           are
           sure
           of
           making
           good
           their
           Losses
           by
           a
           Rotation
           of
           their
           Fellows
           ,
           and
           the
           latter
           wait
           for
           Advantages
           ,
           because
           the
           Loss
           of
           one
           Battle
           is
           often
           enough
           to
           ruin
           them
           .
           From
           all
           that
           is
           premis'd
           ,
           I
           think
           I
           may
           conclude
           ,
           that
           to
           make
           successive
           Levies
           of
           our
           own
           FREE
           MILITIA
           out
           of
           the
           several
           Parts
           of
           
           England
           ,
           and
           corroborated
           with
           some
           AUXILIARY
           REGIMENTS
           ,
           is
           the
           best
           Method
           of
           waging
           the
           Wars
           abroad
           ,
           whether
           we
           design
           to
           bring
           'em
           to
           a
           speedy
           Period
           ,
           or
           to
           spread
           wider
           the
           Terror
           of
           our
           Fame
           and
           Arms.
           The
           Names
           of
           all
           Persons
           capable
           of
           Military
           Duties
           in
           every
           County
           must
           be
           carefully
           registr'd
           to
           facilitate
           the
           Rotation
           ,
           as
           was
           done
           in
           the
           Roman
           Tribes
           ,
           where
           every
           Man
           was
           sworn
           (
           both
           in
           regard
           of
           the
           Charge
           and
           Service
           )
           to
           conceal
           neither
           the
           Name
           ,
           Age
           ,
           Condition
           ,
           or
           Quality
           of
           any
           in
           his
           Family
           ,
           that
           every
           one
           ,
           who
           was
           able
           ,
           might
           by
           his
           Purse
           or
           Person
           contribute
           to
           the
           Publick
           Good.
           The
           Regiments
           may
           likewise
           be
           denominated
           from
           the
           Countries
           or
           Places
           that
           send
           them
           ,
           which
           will
           create
           an
           Emulation
           in
           the
           several
           Parts
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           to
           outdo
           each
           other's
           Actions
           .
           They
           will
           be
           as
           eager
           sometimes
           for
           regaining
           the
           Honor
           which
           one
           lost
           ,
           as
           fearful
           to
           lose
           what
           the
           other
           won
           .
           Thus
           Men
           of
           ARTS
           and
           ARMS
           will
           be
           the
           very
           same
           Species
           among
           us
           ,
           whereas
           now
           they
           are
           extremely
           
           different
           in
           most
           Parts
           of
           the
           World
           ;
           for
           the
           former
           are
           generally
           Cowards
           ,
           and
           the
           latter
           barbarous
           and
           rude
           .
           From
           all
           these
           Considerations
           ,
           I
           cannot
           be
           perswaded
           that
           any
           Man
           of
           Property
           will
           refuse
           to
           go
           in
           his
           turn
           (
           which
           can
           seldom
           happen
           )
           on
           forein
           Service
           .
           If
           he
           hires
           a
           mean
           Person
           to
           supply
           his
           Place
           ,
           this
           is
           raising
           a
           
             Mercenary
             Army
          
           ,
           whereby
           he
           makes
           his
           Man
           become
           his
           Master
           .
           And
           how
           little
           soever
           FREEMEN
           think
           of
           the
           matter
           ,
           while
           such
           Creatures
           are
           out
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           yet
           they
           'l
           find
           'em
           wonderful
           troublesom
           on
           their
           Return
           ,
           should
           there
           be
           no
           other
           Difficulty
           but
           that
           single
           one
           of
           disbanding
           '
           em
           .
           'T
           is
           strange
           what
           a
           Confusion
           very
           small
           Numbers
           of
           'em
           produce
           in
           a
           Country
           ,
           as
           has
           been
           abundantly
           demonstrated
           by
           the
           Ingenious
           Author
           of
           the
           unanswerable
           
             Argument
             against
             a
             Standing
             Army
          
           .
           The
           few
           Soldiers
           that
           return'd
           in
           King
           CHARLES
           the
           First
           's
           time
           from
           an
           unsuccessful
           Voyage
           to
           Cadiz
           ,
           were
           not
           presently
           disbanded
           as
           they
           ought
           to
           have
           been
           ,
           but
           quarter'd
           up
           and
           down
           in
           
           several
           Parts
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           :
           And
           a
           Great
           Person
           ,
           who
           was
           an
           Eye-witness
           tells
           us
           ,
           
             That
             these
             ‖
             Soldiers
             broke
             out
             into
             great
             Disorders
             ;
             they
             MASTER'D
             the
             People
             ,
             disturb'd
             the
             Peace
             of
             Families
             ,
             and
             the
             Civil
             Government
             of
             the
             Land
             ;
             there
             were
             frequent
             Robberies
             ,
             Burglaries
             ,
             Rapes
             ,
             Rapines
             ,
             Murders
             ,
             and
             barbarous
             Cruelties
             ;
             unto
             some
             PLACES
             they
             were
             sent
             as
             a
             PUNISHMENT
             ;
             and
             wherever
             they
             came
             ,
             there
             was
             a
             general
             Outcry
             .
             The
             High-ways
             were
             dangerous
             ,
             and
             the
             Markets
             unfrequented
             ;
             they
             were
             a
             Terror
             to
             all
             ,
             and
             undoing
             to
             many
             .
          
           I
           said
           before
           ,
           that
           every
           
             Roman
             Freeman
          
           was
           oblig'd
           to
           bear
           Arms
           (
           if
           need
           were
           )
           twenty
           times
           from
           the
           seventeenth
           to
           the
           six
           and
           fortieth
           Year
           of
           his
           Age
           ;
           that
           they
           were
           excus'd
           from
           Duty
           after
           fifty
           ;
           and
           that
           in
           case
           of
           extraordinary
           Necessity
           the
           old
           Soldiers
           might
           be
           compel'd
           if
           they
           did
           not
           give
           in
           their
           Names
           when
           desir'd
           ,
           but
           that
           
           they
           did
           for
           the
           most
           part
           voluntarily
           offer
           their
           Service
           to
           their
           Country
           .
           This
           whole
           matter
           ,
           with
           several
           other
           admirable
           Effects
           of
           their
           Discipline
           ,
           is
           represented
           to
           the
           life
           in
           the
           Speech
           of
           a
           Farmer
           to
           LICINIUS
           a
           Roman
           General
           .
           When
           the
           War
           was
           declar'd
           against
           PERSEUS
           King
           of
           Macedonia
           ,
           several
           Veterans
           were
           listed
           and
           came
           in
           freely
           ;
           but
           some
           of
           'em
           were
           displeas'd
           ,
           that
           they
           should
           be
           plac'd
           in
           any
           lower
           Order
           than
           they
           had
           formerly
           possess'd
           .
           This
           occasioning
           a
           Difference
           between
           the
           Consuls
           and
           the
           Tribunes
           of
           the
           People
           ,
           out
           steps
           the
           Countryman
           ,
           and
           bespeaks
           the
           Assembly
           in
           the
           following
           manner
           :
           
             *
             I
             am
             SPURIUS
             LIGUSTINUS
             ,
             O
             ROMANS
             ,
             of
             the
             Crustumin
             Tribe
             ,
             and
             originally
             a
             Sabin
             .
             My
             Father
             left
             me
             a
             little
             spot
             of
             Land
             ,
             with
             a
             small
             House
             ,
             in
             which
             I
             was
             born
             and
             bred
             ,
             and
             I
             dwell
             there
             at
             this
             time
             .
             As
             
             soon
             as
             I
             was
             of
             Age
             ,
             he
             gave
             me
             in
             Marriage
             his
             own
             Brother's
             Daughter
             ,
             who
             ,
             excepting
             her
             Chastity
             ,
             and
             that
             she
             was
             free-born
             ,
             brought
             me
             no
             other
             Dowry
             ;
             yet
             fruitful
             enough
             to
             supply
             a
             richer
             Family
             .
             We
             have
             six
             Sons
             and
             two
             Daughters
             ,
             the
             latter
             both
             marri'd
             .
             Of
             our
             Sons
             four
             are
             grown
             Men
             ,
             and
             the
             other
             two
             yet
             Striplings
             .
             I
             first
             bore
             Arms
             in
             the
             Consulship
             of
             PUBLIUS
             SULPITIUS
             ,
             and
             CAIUS
             AURELIUS
             .
             I
             was
             two
             Years
             a
             private
             Soldier
             in
             that
             Army
             which
             was
             transported
             into
             Macedonia
             against
             King
             PHILIP
             :
             The
             third
             Year
             FLAMINIVS
             ,
             in
             regard
             of
             my
             Merit
             assign'd
             me
             the
             tenth
             Division
             of
             the
             Spearmen
             .
             
             PHILIP
             and
             the
             Macedonians
             being
             conquer'd
             ,
             when
             we
             were
             brought
             back
             into
             Italy
             and
             disbanded
             ,
             I
             went
             immediately
             a
             Voluntier
             under
             MARCUS
             PORTIUS
             the
             Consul
             into
             Spain
             .
             That
             of
             all
             Generals
             living
             ,
             he
             was
             the
             most
             nice
             Considerer
             and
             Judg
             of
             Merit
             ,
             is
             known
             to
             every
             one
             who
             has
             been
             any
             considerable
             time
             in
             the
             Field
             under
             him
             or
             other
             Commanders
             :
             Now
             ,
             he
             thought
             me
             worthy
             to
             preside
             over
             the
             first
             Order
             of
             the
             first
             Century
             of
             the
             Spearmen
             .
             I
             went
             the
             third
             time
             a
             Voluntier
             in
             that
             Army
             which
             was
             sent
             against
             the
             Etolians
             and
             King
             ANTIOCHUS
             ,
             when
             MANLIUS
             ACILIUS
             created
             
             me
             first
             Commander
             of
             the
             first
             Century
             .
             But
             ANTIOCHUS
             being
             expel'd
             ,
             and
             the
             Etolians
             reduc'd
             ,
             we
             return'd
             into
             Italy
             ,
             and
             there
             I
             serv'd
             two
             of
             those
             Campagns
             to
             which
             the
             Legions
             are
             annually
             oblig'd
             .
             Afterwards
             I
             was
             twice
             a
             Soldier
             in
             Spain
             ;
             once
             under
             the
             Pretor
             QUINTUS
             FULVIUS
             FLACCUS
             ,
             and
             again
             under
             TIBERIUS
             SEMPRONIUS
             GRACCHUS
             .
             I
             was
             brought
             home
             by
             FLACCUS
             among
             the
             rest
             of
             those
             whom
             he
             had
             chosen
             for
             their
             Courage
             to
             grace
             his
             Triumph
             ;
             and
             return'd
             back
             into
             that
             Province
             at
             the
             request
             of
             TIBERIUS
             GRACCHUS
             .
             I
             was
             Captain
             of
             the
             first
             Company
             of
             the
             Regiment
             four
             
             
             
             times
             within
             the
             space
             of
             a
             few
             Years
             :
             I
             was
             by
             my
             Generals
             rewarded
             four
             and
             thirty
             times
             for
             my
             Valour
             :
             I
             received
             six
             Civic
             Crowns
             for
             saving
             the
             Lives
             of
             so
             many
             Citizens
             :
             I
             have
             taken
             Pay
             ,
             in
             a
             word
             ,
             two
             and
             twenty
             times
             in
             the
             Army
             ,
             and
             am
             now
             above
             fifty
             Years
             old
             .
             But
             if
             I
             had
             not
             compleated
             the
             Number
             appointed
             by
             Law
             ,
             nor
             were
             to
             be
             excus'd
             from
             Duty
             by
             reason
             of
             my
             Age
             ;
             yet
             since
             in
             my
             own
             room
             I
             could
             give
             you
             ,
             LICINIUS
             ,
             four
             Soldiers
             ,
             it
             were
             just
             I
             should
             be
             discharg'd
             .
             But
             I
             would
             have
             all
             this
             understood
             only
             of
             the
             goodness
             of
             my
             Cause
             ,
             were
             I
             dispos'd
             to
             plead
             it
             ;
             for
             as
             long
             as
             
             any
             General
             judges
             me
             an
             able
             Soldier
             ,
             I
             shall
             never
             excuse
             my self
             .
             What
             Post
             the
             Tribunes
             will
             assign
             me
             ,
             lies
             in
             their
             own
             breasts
             .
             And
             ,
             that
             none
             in
             the
             Army
             exceed
             me
             in
             Courage
             ,
             shall
             be
             my
             endeavour
             :
             for
             ,
             that
             it
             has
             been
             always
             so
             ,
             my
             superior
             Officers
             ,
             and
             such
             as
             serv'd
             along
             with
             me
             ,
             are
             witnesses
             .
             Now
             altho
             ,
             Fellow-Soldiers
             ,
             you
             claim
             to
             your selves
             the
             right
             of
             Appeal
             ;
             yet
             since
             during
             the
             whole
             course
             of
             your
             Youth
             you
             never
             did
             any
             thing
             against
             the
             Authority
             of
             the
             Senate
             or
             Magistrates
             ,
             't
             is
             fit
             that
             you
             now
             also
             pay
             Obedience
             to
             the
             Senate
             and
             Consuls
             ,
             esteeming
             all
             
             those
             Posts
             to
             be
             honorable
             ,
             wherein
             you
             have
             an
             opportunity
             of
             defending
             your
             Country
             .
          
           Having
           thus
           harangu'd
           ,
           the
           Consul
           ,
           after
           commending
           him
           with
           many
           words
           ,
           led
           him
           out
           of
           the
           Assembly
           into
           the
           Senate
           ,
           where
           he
           receiv'd
           the
           Thanks
           of
           the
           House
           ;
           and
           he
           was
           by
           the
           Military
           Tribunes
           prefer'd
           according
           to
           his
           desert
           :
           whereupon
           the
           other
           Centurions
           quitted
           their
           Appeal
           ,
           and
           readily
           compli'd
           with
           the
           pleasure
           of
           their
           Superiors
           .
        
         
           14.
           
           All
           Men
           would
           live
           somewhere
           eternally
           if
           they
           could
           ,
           and
           they
           affect
           to
           become
           Immortal
           even
           here
           on
           Earth
           .
           To
           have
           their
           Names
           perpetuated
           ,
           was
           the
           true
           Spring
           of
           several
           great
           Mens
           Actions
           ;
           and
           for
           that
           only
           end
           ,
           have
           they
           patiently
           undergon
           all
           manner
           of
           Toil
           and
           Danger
           .
           But
           this
           Inclination
           never
           discovers
           it self
           so
           plainly
           ,
           as
           in
           the
           care
           Men
           take
           of
           their
           Posterity
           .
           Some
           are
           content
           to
           live
           Beggers
           all
           their
           Days
           ,
           that
           their
           Children
           after
           them
           may
           be
           rich
           :
           for
           they
           look
           upon
           these
           as
           their
           own
           Persons
           multipli'd
           by
           Propagation
           ;
           whence
           such
           
           as
           had
           none
           themselves
           ,
           adopted
           the
           Children
           of
           others
           to
           bear
           their
           Names
           .
           The
           Legislator
           of
           the
           Israelites
           ,
           as
           well
           as
           he
           of
           Sparta
           ,
           had
           a
           peculiar
           regard
           to
           this
           natural
           Desire
           ,
           which
           in
           no
           Country
           must
           be
           neglected
           for
           Reasons
           upon
           which
           I
           need
           not
           insist
           at
           this
           time
           :
           Wherefore
           the
           Ninth
           Proposition
           is
           ,
           THAT
           NO
           MAN
           BE
           OBLIG'D
           TO
           GO
           UPON
           ANY
           FOREIGN
           EXPEDITION
           DURING
           ONE
           YEAR
           AFTER
           HIS
           MARRIAGE
           ;
           NOR
           ALL
           THE
           SONS
           OF
           ANY
           MAN
           AT
           ONCE
           ;
           NOR
           AN
           ONLY
           SON
           EVER
           ,
           UNLESS
           HE
           'S
           WILLING
           HIMSELF
           .
           The
           Design
           of
           this
           Proposition
           is
           made
           so
           plain
           already
           ,
           that
           ,
           without
           more
           to
           do
           ,
           I
           may
           pass
           to
           the
           Tenth
           and
           last
           of
           our
           Scheme
           ,
           which
           is
           ,
           THAT
           ALL
           LEVIES
           PERMITTED
           TO
           FOREIGN
           STATES
           IN
           THIS
           KINGDOM
           ,
           OR
           ANY
           FORCES
           LENT
           TO
           THEM
           ,
           DO
           ENTIRELY
           CONSIST
           OF
           AUXILIARIES
           ;
           AND
           THAT
           NO
           FREEMAN
           HAVE
           LEAVE
           TO
           SERVE
           ABROAD
           UNLESS
           AS
           A
           VOLUNTIER
           
           TO
           QUALIFY
           HIMSELF
           FOR
           IMPLOIMENT
           AT
           HOME
           .
           The
           Reasonableness
           of
           this
           Proposition
           is
           likewise
           so
           evident
           from
           what
           went
           before
           ,
           that
           it
           wants
           no
           larger
           Commentary
           .
           I
           could
           add
           here
           several
           other
           Particulars
           ,
           but
           they
           'l
           come
           to
           be
           establish'd
           of
           course
           ,
           if
           this
           SCHEME
           prevails
           wholly
           ,
           or
           for
           the
           best
           part
           .
           I
           shall
           therefore
           write
           nothing
           now
           concerning
           the
           Methods
           of
           Listing
           or
           Disbanding
           ,
           of
           Paying
           or
           Clothing
           ,
           nor
           of
           Rewards
           or
           Punishments
           ;
           tho
           with
           respect
           to
           the
           last
           ,
           I
           cannot
           omit
           one
           pleasant
           Passage
           :
           for
           the
           Romans
           among
           divers
           kinds
           of
           Penalties
           ,
           such
           as
           Fine
           or
           Imprisonment
           ,
           us'd
           upon
           certain
           Occasions
           to
           *
           let
           a
           Soldier
           Blood
           ,
           as
           if
           it
           had
           been
           Madness
           or
           Folly
           in
           him
           to
           commit
           such
           Faults
           ,
           and
           that
           he
           wanted
           Physick
           more
           than
           Correction
           .
        
         
         
           15.
           
           If
           this
           
             Scheme
             of
             Reforming
             the
          
           MILITIA
           be
           so
           intelligible
           and
           coherent
           ,
           as
           I
           flatter
           my self
           it
           may
           ,
           it
           would
           be
           a
           superfluous
           Labor
           ,
           and
           no
           Complement
           upon
           the
           Reader
           's
           Sagacity
           ,
           to
           remark
           distinctly
           all
           the
           good
           Effects
           and
           Consequences
           of
           it
           .
           Yet
           one
           I
           find
           convenient
           to
           mention
           ,
           not
           that
           I
           think
           it
           less
           obvious
           than
           the
           rest
           ,
           for
           it
           appears
           most
           evident
           at
           first
           sight
           ;
           but
           because
           some
           Gentlemen
           are
           pleas'd
           to
           oppose
           it
           ,
           and
           it
           is
           that
           I
           am
           for
           ARMING
           ALL
           THE
           PEOPLE
           .
           Now
           this
           is
           ,
           in
           my
           Opinion
           ,
           so
           useful
           and
           necessary
           ,
           that
           ,
           should
           we
           obtain
           nothing
           ,
           besides
           ,
           it
           were
           well
           worth
           our
           while
           to
           procure
           an
           Act
           for
           this
           alone
           :
           For
           what
           can
           better
           demonstrate
           the
           Confidence
           his
           Majesty
           places
           in
           the
           unquestionable
           Affection
           of
           his
           Subjects
           ,
           or
           more
           encrease
           and
           confirm
           the
           Veneration
           on
           these
           have
           for
           him
           ,
           than
           that
           he
           puts
           'em
           in
           a
           Condition
           of
           defending
           themselves
           against
           all
           his
           and
           their
           Enemies
           ,
           without
           needing
           or
           expecting
           the
           Assistance
           of
           others
           ?
           But
           notwithstanding
           I
           took
           all
           possible
           
           care
           to
           be
           duly
           inform'd
           ,
           I
           could
           never
           hear
           any
           weighty
           Objection
           made
           to
           this
           Proposition
           ,
           tho
           two
           are
           commonly
           offer'd
           ,
           and
           the
           first
           of
           'em
           is
           ,
           that
           there
           will
           be
           no
           end
           of
           Robberies
           ,
           and
           House-breakings
           in
           the
           Country
           ,
           if
           the
           common
           People
           be
           once
           arm'd
           .
           I
           perceive
           these
           Gentlemen
           design
           to
           be
           popular
           ,
           and
           the
           Vulgar
           are
           hugely
           oblig'd
           to
           'em
           for
           their
           good
           Opinion
           .
           But
           supposing
           the
           worst
           ,
           Robberies
           will
           be
           so
           far
           from
           being
           more
           frequent
           than
           at
           this
           time
           ,
           that
           this
           is
           the
           only
           right
           Method
           of
           totally
           suppressing
           all
           such
           Disorders
           .
           It
           is
           an
           ordinary
           thing
           for
           two
           or
           three
           Fellows
           to
           commit
           a
           Robbery
           in
           sight
           of
           twenty
           People
           ,
           stronger
           and
           stouter
           than
           themselves
           ,
           but
           that
           are
           either
           without
           Arms
           ,
           or
           know
           not
           how
           to
           use
           'em
           ;
           whereas
           ,
           upon
           the
           foot
           of
           our
           MODEL
           ,
           when
           any
           House
           or
           Persons
           are
           known
           to
           be
           attack'd
           ,
           they
           are
           not
           only
           provided
           for
           their
           own
           Defence
           ,
           but
           the
           Neighbours
           are
           all
           ready
           to
           come
           in
           to
           their
           Assistance
           ,
           both
           with
           Arms
           in
           their
           hands
           ,
           and
           as
           able
           to
           handle
           
           'em
           as
           House-breakers
           can
           be
           suppos'd
           to
           do
           .
           But
           if
           the
           objecting
           Gentlemen
           have
           any
           meaning
           ,
           it
           is
           that
           Rogues
           only
           should
           have
           Arms
           ,
           and
           honest
           Men
           none
           to
           oppose
           them
           :
           For
           when
           any
           are
           dispos'd
           to
           violate
           the
           Laws
           ,
           they
           always
           take
           care
           to
           arm
           themselves
           without
           any
           deference
           to
           Publick
           Authority
           ;
           nor
           do
           we
           find
           that
           Thieves
           ever
           want
           Weapons
           ,
           notwithstanding
           any
           Prohibitions
           to
           the
           contrary
           ,
           which
           they
           no
           more
           regard
           than
           they
           do
           those
           which
           forbid
           'em
           to
           steal
           .
           But
           good
           Men
           ,
           on
           the
           contrary
           ,
           will
           yield
           Obedience
           to
           the
           Laws
           ;
           and
           so
           be
           expos'd
           ,
           if
           thus
           left
           naked
           and
           unarm'd
           ,
           to
           the
           Insults
           and
           Assaults
           of
           the
           most
           determin'd
           Villains
           .
           The
           next
           Objection
           is
           ,
           That
           if
           the
           People
           be
           arm'd
           ,
           there
           's
           an
           end
           of
           all
           the
           GAME
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           .
           Now
           supposing
           this
           were
           true
           ,
           I
           think
           of
           the
           two
           we
           should
           sooner
           expose
           a
           few
           Birds
           to
           the
           People
           ,
           than
           the
           People
           to
           the
           French
           or
           other
           Enemies
           .
           But
           indeed
           the
           GAME
           is
           in
           no
           danger
           .
           Deer
           ,
           for
           example
           ,
           
           
           
           might
           be
           destroy'd
           with
           Bows
           and
           Arrows
           ,
           no
           less
           than
           with
           Guns
           ;
           yet
           in
           old
           times
           Englishmen
           were
           not
           disarm'd
           ,
           but
           restrain'd
           from
           shooting
           Deer
           only
           by
           Laws
           ,
           which
           may
           be
           accommodated
           to
           Guns
           as
           well
           as
           to
           Bows
           .
           Hare
           ,
           Partridg
           and
           Pheasant
           are
           the
           principal
           GAME
           for
           Gentlemens
           diversion
           ;
           and
           every
           one
           knows
           that
           these
           are
           more
           conveniently
           and
           frequently
           destroy'd
           by
           Nets
           ,
           Hounds
           ,
           Setting-dogs
           ,
           and
           other
           Methods
           ,
           than
           by
           shooting
           .
           Severe
           Penalties
           ,
           which
           those
           concern'd
           will
           be
           sure
           to
           see
           inflicted
           ,
           will
           prevent
           any
           thing
           of
           this
           nature
           ;
           and
           I
           hope
           we
           'l
           never
           see
           the
           Nation
           disarm'd
           a
           second
           time
           ,
           under
           pretence
           of
           preserving
           the
           GAME
           .
           But
           ,
           perhaps
           ,
           it
           will
           be
           said
           ,
           that
           altho
           FREEMEN
           may
           be
           trusted
           with
           Arms
           ,
           there
           will
           be
           danger
           from
           the
           Poor
           and
           Servile
           .
           This
           Objection
           was
           sufficiently
           answer'd
           in
           the
           Discourse
           subjoin'd
           to
           the
           Second
           Proposition
           ;
           and
           besides
           I
           may
           add
           ,
           if
           that
           will
           satisfy
           ,
           that
           Servants
           are
           not
           arm'd
           according
           to
           this
           Scheme
           ,
           but
           only
           disciplin'd
           against
           a
           time
           of
           
           Necessity
           .
           I
           suppos'd
           before
           an
           Armory
           in
           every
           Parish
           ,
           out
           of
           which
           on
           the
           days
           of
           Exercise
           only
           the
           Poor
           and
           Servants
           are
           furnish'd
           .
           And
           here
           I
           would
           not
           forget
           to
           hint
           that
           all
           such
           Arms
           provided
           at
           the
           Parochial
           Charge
           should
           be
           try'd
           and
           approv'd
           at
           the
           Tower
           of
           London
           ,
           without
           any
           Liberty
           lest
           to
           the
           Overseers
           to
           purchase
           others
           for
           this
           end
           ,
           and
           that
           they
           be
           likewise
           all
           distinguish'd
           by
           the
           Parish
           Mark.
           I
           had
           several
           Opportunities
           in
           this
           Discourse
           to
           shew
           the
           Defects
           of
           the
           Act
           now
           in
           force
           for
           regulating
           the
           MILITIA
           ,
           and
           my
           last
           Remark
           upon
           it
           shall
           be
           ,
           that
           the
           
             Isles
             of
             Wight
          
           and
           Purbeck
           are
           left
           to
           *
           train
           their
           People
           as
           formerly
           .
           The
           Tower-Hamlets
           likewise
           
             having
             been
             always
          
           (
           as
           't
           is
           said
           in
           the
           Act
           )
           
             under
             the
             Command
             of
             his
             Majesty's
             Constable
             or
             Lieutenant
             of
             the
             Tower
             for
             the
             Service
             and
             Preservation
             of
             that
             Fort
             ,
          
           are
           permitted
           to
           be
           disciplin'd
           in
           such
           manner
           and
           form
           as
           heretofore
           .
           
           The
           Reason
           of
           this
           Clause
           is
           very
           plain
           ;
           for
           those
           two
           Islands
           lying
           so
           much
           expos'd
           to
           forein
           Invasions
           ,
           it
           was
           fit
           they
           should
           be
           extraordinarily
           well
           provided
           for
           Defence
           .
           And
           so
           the
           Tower-Hamlets
           ,
           because
           they
           were
           to
           keep
           Guard
           in
           the
           Tower
           ,
           and
           might
           from
           thence
           distress
           the
           City
           ,
           tho
           ,
           lest
           they
           might
           not
           prove
           so
           unkind
           to
           their
           Neighbours
           ,
           they
           were
           neglected
           as
           the
           rest
           ,
           and
           exercis'd
           according
           to
           the
           Act
           :
           but
           the
           other
           Parts
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           being
           most
           likely
           to
           disrelish
           the
           Measures
           of
           the
           COURT
           ,
           were
           industriously
           made
           uncapable
           of
           Resistance
           .
           And
           that
           this
           Suspicion
           may
           not
           seem
           ill
           grounded
           or
           malicious
           ,
           I
           would
           fain
           know
           which
           was
           the
           best
           Model
           of
           training
           the
           MILITIA
           ,
           the
           New
           or
           the
           Old
           ?
           if
           the
           former
           ,
           why
           should
           the
           Benefit
           of
           it
           be
           deny'd
           to
           those
           Places
           that
           stood
           most
           in
           need
           of
           it
           ?
           and
           if
           the
           latter
           ,
           why
           ought
           not
           the
           whole
           Nation
           to
           be
           as
           sufficiently
           train'd
           as
           one
           or
           two
           Islands
           ?
           But
           all
           Persons
           own
           that
           Guernsey
           and
           
             Iersey
             ,
             Wight
          
           and
           Purbeck
           ,
           are
           equal
           
           in
           their
           Discipline
           to
           any
           Standing
           Forces
           .
           But
           of
           this
           enough
           ;
           nor
           can
           I
           allow
           my self
           to
           question
           but
           all
           Parties
           will
           now
           unanimously
           join
           to
           render
           the
           MILITIA
           useful
           for
           the
           King
           's
           and
           our
           common
           Preservation
           :
           for
           that
           a
           
             Standing
             Army
          
           or
           a
           Militia
           is
           of
           absolute
           Necessity
           ,
           is
           agreed
           on
           every
           side
           ;
           but
           the
           Army
           is
           order'd
           to
           be
           disbanded
           ,
           and
           should
           those
           who
           were
           for
           continuing
           it
           now
           oppose
           the
           regulating
           of
           the
           Militia
           ,
           they
           give
           us
           a
           Demonstration
           that
           either
           they
           never
           thought
           us
           in
           so
           great
           Danger
           as
           they
           pretended
           ,
           or
           that
           they
           would
           have
           us
           entirely
           lost
           ,
           because
           we
           refus'd
           to
           be
           sav'd
           after
           their
           Method
           ,
           tho
           our
           own
           be
           more
           effectual
           and
           less
           expensive
           .
           I
           should
           now
           conclude
           ,
           seeing
           no
           Objection
           remains
           against
           
             arming
             the
             whole
             Free
             People
             of
          
           England
           ;
           but
           I
           must
           first
           take
           notice
           ,
           that
           our
           Ancestors
           in
           Germany
           did
           in
           the
           time
           of
           the
           Roman
           Empire
           practise
           the
           very
           same
           thing
           ,
           and
           that
           they
           always
           came
           arm'd
           to
           their
           Publick
           
           Assemblies
           .
           ‖
           
             The
             Germans
             transact
             no
             publick
             or
             private
             Affairs
             ,
          
           says
           
             TACITVS
             ,
             but
             under
             their
             Arms
             ;
             yet
             is
             it
             not
             usual
             for
             any
             to
             carry
             Arms
             till
             the
             Community
             first
             allows
             him
             to
             be
             capable
             .
             Then
             some
             principal
             Person
             in
             the
             Assembly
             ,
             or
             the
             young
             Man
             's
             own
             Father
             ,
             or
             one
             of
             his
             Relations
             ,
             gives
             him
             a
             Shield
             and
             Spear
             .
             This
             is
             their
             Ceremony
             of
             declaring
             them
             to
             be
             of
             Age
             ,
             and
             this
             is
             the
             first
             Honor
             confer'd
             on
             Youth
             .
             They
             were
             consider'd
             only
             as
             belonging
             to
             a
             private
             Family
             before
             ,
             but
             as
             a
             part
             of
             the
             Publick
             ever
             after
             .
          
           That
           this
           was
           our
           own
           Original
           Constitution
           in
           the
           Saxon
           time
           ,
           none
           can
           be
           ignorant
           who
           is
           never
           so
           little
           vers'd
           in
           our
           antient
           Customs
           and
           Writings
           .
           But
           we
           read
           particularly
           in
           King
           
           EDWARD's
           Laws
           ,
           that
           upon
           a
           Day
           and
           Place
           
           appointed
           ,
           all
           that
           ow'd
           Suit
           and
           Service
           to
           any
           Hundred
           came
           to
           meet
           their
           new
           Governor
           ,
           who
           stuck
           his
           Lance
           in
           the
           Earth
           ,
           and
           then
           took
           Fealty
           of
           them
           ,
           which
           they
           perform'd
           by
           touching
           the
           Governor's
           Lance
           with
           their
           own
           (
           as
           the
           Germans
           us'd
           to
           give
           their
           Assent
           by
           clattering
           their
           Arms
           )
           whence
           the
           whole
           Place
           or
           Meeting
           was
           then
           ,
           as
           it
           is
           now
           in
           some
           of
           the
           Northern
           Parts
           of
           England
           ,
           call'd
           a
           Wapentake
           ,
           from
           the
           touching
           of
           their
           Weapons
           .
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         
           ERRATA
           .
        
         
           PAge
           15.
           line
           24.
           read
           
             keep
             it
          
           .
           In
           the
           Margin
           ,
           P.
           29.
           l.
           2.
           r.
           14
           Car.
           2.
           cap.
           3.
           
           §
           .
           21.
           
           P.
           41.
           
           L.
           28.
           for
           sixty
           r.
           twenty
           .
           P.
           58.
           l.
           11.
           dele
           is
           .
        
         
      
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A62850-e760
           
             Phil.
             1.15
             ,
             —
             11.
             
          
           
             *
             Capitecensi
             (
             à
             Capitis
             censione
             )
             vocabantur
             qui
             〈…〉
             perquam
             parvo
             are
             censebantur
             .
             
               A.
               Gellius
               ,
               l.
            
             16.
             c.
             10.
             
          
           
             †
             Proletarii
             ,
             à
             munere
             officioque
             prolis
             edendae
             appellati
             sunt
             .
             
               Id.
               ibid.
            
             
          
           
             ‖
             Quoniam
             res
             pecuniaque
             familiaris
             obsidis
             vicem
             pignorisque
             esse
             apud
             Rempublicam
             videbantur
             ;
             amorisque
             in
             patriam
             fides
             quadam
             in
             ea
             firmamentumque
             erat
             ;
             neque
             Proletarii
             neque
             Capitecensi
             ,
             Milites
             ,
             nisi
             in
             tumultu
             maximo
             ,
             scribebantur
             .
             
               Id.
               ibid.
            
             
          
           
             *
             Armaque
             iis
             sumptu
             publico
             praebebantnr
             .
             
               Id.
               ibid.
            
             Proletarius
             publicitus
             scutisque
             feroque
             Ornatur
             ferro
             ,
             Muros
             ,
             Urbemque
             ,
             Forumque
             ,
             Excubiis
             curat
             .
             Ennius
             .
          
           
             †
             Ipse
             (
             Marius
             )
             milites
             scribere
             non
             more
             majorum
             neque
             ex
             classibus
             ,
             sed
             uti
             libido
             cujusque
             erat
             ,
             Capitecensos
             plerosque
             ;
             —
             Quod
             ab
             eo
             genere
             celebratus
             auctusque
             erat
             :
             &
             homini
             potentiam
             quarenti
             egencissimus
             quisque
             opportunissimas
             .
             
               Salust
               .
               in
               Bello
               Iugurt
            
             .
          
           
             *
             Talesque
             sociantur
             armis
             ,
             quales
             Domini
             habere
             fastidiunt
             .
             
               Vegetius
               l.
            
             1.
             c.
             7.
             
          
           
             *
             Inter
             optimas
             lectissimorum
             militum
             turmas
             ,
             neminem
             è
             numero
             servorum
             dandum
             esse
             decernimus
             ,
             nevè
             ex
             Caupona
             ductum
             ,
             vel
             ex
             famosarum
             ministris
             tabernarum
             ,
             aut
             ex
             cocorum
             aut
             pistorum
             numero
             ,
             vel
             etiam
             eo
             quem
             obsequii
             deformitas
             Militia
             secernit
             ,
             nec
             tracta
             de
             Ergastulis
             nomina
             .
             
               Cod.
               Theodos.
            
             l.
             7.
             tit
             .
             13.
             
          
           
             †
             14
             Car.
             2.
             
             §.
             25.
             
          
           
             *
             Rushworth
             
               's
               Collect.
               Vol.
            
             1.
             
             Pag.
             197.
             
          
           
             †
             14
             Car.
             2.
             
             §.
             21.
             
          
           
             *
             Subitarii
             Milites
             ,
             exercitus
             tumultuarius
             .
          
           
             *
             14
             Car.
             2.
             cap.
             3.
             
             §.
             21.
             
          
           
             *
             Servius
             (
             Rex
             Pop.
             Romani
             )
             ab
             anno
             septimo
             decimo
             ,
             quod
             idoneos
             jam
             esse
             Reipu●●i●ae
             arbitraretur
             ,
             Milites
             scripsisse
             dicitur
             à
             Tuberone
             Historico
             apud
             A.
             Gellium
             (
             l.
             10.
             c.
             28.
             )
             eosque
             ad
             annum
             quadragesimum
             sextum
             juniores
             ,
             supraque
             eum
             annum
             seniores
             appeilasse
             .
          
           
             †
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             Polyb.
             de
             Militia
             Romana
             .
          
           
             ‖
             Lex
             à
             quinquagesimo
             anno
             Militem
             non
             cog●t
             .
             
               Seneca
               de
               Brevitate
               vitae
               ,
               c.
               ult
               .
            
          
           
             *
             Licinius
             quoque
             veteres
             scribebat
             Milites
             Centurionesque
             ,
             &
             multi
             voluntate
             nomina
             dabant
             .
             
               Livius
               ,
               l.
            
             42.
             c.
             32.
             
             Militares
             homines
             &
             stipendia
             justa
             ,
             &
             corpora
             aetate
             &
             assiduis
             laboribus
             confecta
             habere
             ;
             nihil
             recusare
             tamen
             ,
             quo
             minus
             operam
             Reipublicae
             dent
             .
             
               Id.
               ibid.
               c.
            
             33.
             
          
           
             *
             Cum
             primus
             instituisset
             (
             Theopompus
             Spartanorum
             Rex
             )
             ut
             Ephori
             Lacedaemone
             crearentur
             ,
             ita
             futuri
             Regiae
             potestati
             oppositi
             quemadmodum
             Romae
             Consulari
             Imperio
             Tribuni
             plebis
             sunt
             objecti
             ;
             atque
             illi
             uxor
             dixisset
             ,
             id
             egisse
             illum
             ut
             filiis
             minorem
             potestatem
             relinqueret
             ;
             Relinquam
             ,
             inquit
             ,
             sed
             diuturniorem
             .
             Optimè
             quidern●
             ▪
             ea
             enim
             demum
             tuta
             est
             potentia
             ,
             quae
             viribus
             suis
             modum
             imponit
             .
             Theopompus
             igitur
             ,
             legitim●s
             regnum
             vinculis
             constringendo
             ,
             quo
             longius
             à
             Licentia
             retraxit
             hoc
             propius
             ad
             benevolentiam
             Civium
             admovit
             .
             L.
             4.
             c.
             1.
             
               de
               externis
            
             ,
             §
             ▪
             8.
             
          
           
             *
             14
             Car.
             2.
             cap.
             3.
             
             §.
             2.
             
          
           
             *
             Adolescentuli
             statim
             Castrensibus
             stipendiis
             imbuebantur
             ,
             ut
             imperare
             parendo
             ,
             duces
             agere
             dum
             sequuntur
             ,
             assuescerent
             :
             Inde
             Honores
             petituri
             assistebant
             curiae
             foribus
             ,
             &
             concilii
             publici
             spectatores
             ,
             antequam
             consortes
             erant
             .
             Epist.
             14.
             l.
             8.
             
          
           
             *
             Quae
             Vis
             magistratibus
             ,
             quae
             caeteris
             Libertas
             
               Id.
               ibid.
            
             
          
           
             *
             BRVTVS
             ,
             five
             Libertatis
             &
             Tyrannidis
             Historia
             .
          
           
             †
             Ardeo
             cupiditate
             incredibili
             ,
             neque
             ,
             ut
             ego
             arbit●●●
             ,
             reprehendenda
             ,
             nomen
             ut
             nostrum
             scriptis
             illustretur
             ,
             &
             celebretur
             tuis
             .
             —
             Neque
             enim
             me
             solum
             commemoratio
             posteritatis
             ad
             spem
             quandam
             Immortalitatis
             rapit
             :
             sed
             etiam
             illa
             cupiditas
             ,
             ut
             vel
             auctoritate
             testimonii
             tui
             ,
             vel
             indicio
             Benevolentiae
             ,
             vel
             suavitate
             Ingenii
             ,
             vivi
             perfruamur
             .
             
               Epist.
               Famil
               .
               l.
            
             5.
             
             Ep.
             12.
             
          
           
             ‖
             Fuit
             moris
             antiqui
             ,
             eos
             qui
             vel
             singulorum
             Laudes
             vel
             urbium
             scripserant
             ,
             aut
             Honoribus
             aut
             Pecunia
             ornare
             :
             nostris
             vero
             temporibus
             ,
             ut
             alia
             speciosa
             &
             egregia
             ,
             ita
             hoc
             in
             primis
             exolevit
             .
             Nam
             postquam
             desiimus
             facere
             Laudanda
             ,
             laudari
             quoque
             ineptum
             putamus
             .
             L.
             3.
             
             Ep.
             21.
             
          
           
             *
             Quod
             enim
             munus
             Reipublicae
             afferre
             majus
             meliusne
             possumus
             ,
             quam
             si
             docemus
             atque
             erudimus
             Juventutem
             ?
             his
             praesertim
             moribus
             atque
             temporibus
             ,
             quibus
             ita
             prolapsa
             est
             ,
             ut
             omnium
             opibus
             refrenanda
             ac
             coercend●
             sit
             ,
             
               &c.
               De
               Divinatione
               l.
            
             2.
             c.
             2.
             
          
           
             †
             Videmur
             ergo
             tibi
             Salutem
             accepturi
             ,
             cum
             vitam
             acceperimus
             ?
             Quam
             ,
             si
             prius
             dimittimus
             Dignitatem
             &
             Libertatem
             ,
             quî
             possumus
             accipere
             ?
             An
             tu
             Romae
             habitare
             ,
             id
             putas
             incolumem
             esse
             ?
             Res
             non
             Locus
             oportet
             praestet
             istuc
             mihi
             ?
             
               Lib.
               ad
               Brut.
               Ep.
            
             16.
             
          
           
             *
             —
             Aut
             longe
             à
             servientibus
             abero
             ,
             mihique
             esse
             judicabo
             Romam
             ,
             ubicunque
             liberum
             esse
             licebit
             .
             
               Id.
               ibid.
            
             
          
           
             ‖
             Rushworth
             
               's
               Collect.
               Vol.
            
             I.
             p.
             420.
             
          
           
             *
             Spurius
             Ligustinus
             tribus
             Crustuminae
             ex
             Sabinis
             sum
             oriundus
             ,
             Quirites
             .
             Pater
             mihi
             jugerum
             agri
             reliquit
             ,
             &
             parvum
             tugurium
             in
             quo
             natus
             educatusque
             sum
             ;
             hodieque
             ibi
             habito
             .
             Quum
             primum
             in
             a
             tarem
             veni
             ,
             pater
             mihi
             uxorem
             fratris
             sui
             filiam
             dedit
             :
             quae
             secum
             nihil
             attulit
             praeter
             libertatem
             pudicitiamque
             ,
             &
             cum
             his
             foecunditatem
             ,
             quanta
             vel
             in
             diti
             domo
             satis
             esset
             .
             Sex
             silii
             nobis
             ,
             duae
             filiae
             sunt
             ;
             utraeque
             jam
             nuptae
             .
             Filii
             quatuor
             togas
             viriles
             habent
             ,
             duo
             praetextati
             sunt
             .
             Miles
             sum
             factus
             ,
             P.
             Sulpitio
             ,
             C.
             Aurelio
             Consulibus
             .
             In
             eo
             exercitu
             qui
             in
             Macedoniam
             est
             transportatus
             ,
             biennium
             miles
             gregarius
             fui
             adversus
             Philippum
             regem
             :
             tertio
             anno
             virtutis
             causa
             mihi
             T.
             Quintius
             Flaminius
             decumum
             ordinem
             hastatum
             assignavit
             .
             Devicto
             Philippo
             Macedonibusque
             ,
             quum
             in
             Italiam
             portati
             ac
             dimissi
             essemus
             ,
             continuo
             Miles
             voluntarius
             cum
             M.
             Portio
             Consule
             in
             Hispaniam
             sum
             profectus
             .
             Neminem
             omnium
             Imperatorum
             ,
             qui
             vivant
             ,
             acriorem
             virtutis
             spectatorem
             ac
             judicem
             suisse
             sciunt
             ,
             qui
             &
             illum
             &
             alios
             duces
             longa
             militia
             experti
             sunt
             .
             Hic
             me
             Imperator
             dignum
             judicavit
             cui
             primum
             hastatum
             prioris
             centuriae
             assignaret
             .
             Tertio
             iterum
             voluntarius
             miles
             factus
             sum
             in
             eum
             exercitum
             ,
             qui
             adversus
             Aetolos
             &
             Antiochum
             regem
             est
             missus
             .
             A
             Man.
             Acilio
             mihi
             primus
             princeps
             prioris
             centuriae
             est
             assignatus
             .
             Expulso
             rege
             Antiocho
             ,
             subactis
             Aetolis
             ,
             reportati
             sumus
             in
             Italiam
             :
             &
             deinceps
             bis
             ,
             quae
             annua
             merebant
             legiones
             ,
             stipendia
             feci
             .
             Bis
             deinde
             in
             Hispania
             militavi
             ,
             semel
             Q.
             Fulvio
             Flacco
             ,
             iterum
             Ti.
             Sempronio
             Graccho
             Praetore
             .
             A
             Flacco
             inter
             caeteros
             ,
             quos
             virtutis
             causa
             secum
             ex
             provincia
             ad
             triumphum
             deducebat
             ,
             deductus
             sum
             .
             A
             Ti.
             Graccho
             rogarus
             ,
             in
             provinciam
             i●
             ▪
             Quater
             intra
             paucos
             annos
             primum
             pilum
             duxi
             :
             quater
             &
             tricies
             virtutis
             causa
             donatus
             ab
             Imperatoribus
             sum
             :
             sex
             civicas
             coronas
             accepi
             :
             viginti
             duo
             stipendia
             annua
             in
             exercitu
             emerita
             habeo
             :
             &
             major
             annis
             sum
             quinquaginta
             .
             Quod
             si
             mihi
             nec
             stipendia
             omnia
             emerita
             essent
             ,
             nec
             dum
             aetas
             vacationem
             daret
             ,
             tamen
             quum
             quatuor
             milites
             pro
             me
             uno
             vobis
             dare
             ,
             P.
             Licini
             ,
             possem
             ,
             aequum
             erat
             me
             dimitti
             .
             Sed
             haec
             pro
             causa
             mea
             dicta
             accipiatis
             velim
             :
             ipse
             me
             ,
             quoad
             quisquam
             qui
             exercitus
             scribit
             ,
             idoneum
             militem
             judicabit
             ,
             nunquam
             sum
             excusaturus
             .
             Ordinem
             quo
             me
             dignum
             judicent
             Tribuni
             militum
             ,
             ipsorum
             est
             potestatis
             :
             ne
             quis
             me
             virtute
             in
             exercitu
             praestet
             ,
             dabo
             operam
             ;
             ut
             semper
             ita
             fecisse
             me
             ,
             &
             Imperatores
             mei
             ,
             &
             qui
             una
             stipendia
             fecerunt
             ,
             testes
             sunt
             .
             Vos
             quoque
             aquum
             est
             ,
             Commilitones
             ,
             etsi
             appellationis
             vobis
             usurpatis
             jus
             ,
             quum
             adolescentes
             nihil
             adversus
             Magistratum
             Senatusque
             autoritatem
             usquam
             feceritis
             ,
             nunc
             quoque
             in
             potestate
             Senatus
             ac
             Consulum
             esse
             ,
             &
             omnia
             honesta
             loca
             ducere
             ,
             quibus
             Rempublicam
             defensuri
             sitis
             .
             
               Livius
               l.
            
             42.
             c.
             34.
             
          
           
             *
             Fuit
             haec
             quoque
             antiquitus
             militaris
             animadversio
             ,
             jubere
             ignominiae
             causa
             militi
             venam
             solvi
             et
             sanguinem
             dimitti
             ;
             —
             ut
             non
             tam
             poena
             quam
             medicina
             videretur
             .
             
               A.
               Gellius
               ,
               l.
            
             10.
             c.
             8.
             
          
           
             *
             14
             Car.
             2.
             cap.
             3.
             
             §
             22
             ,
             30
             ,
             31.
             
          
           
             ‖
             Nihil
             autem
             neque
             publicae
             neque
             privatae
             rei
             ,
             nisi
             armati
             agunt
             .
             Sed
             Arma
             sumere
             non
             ante
             cuiquam
             moris
             ,
             quam
             Civitas
             suffecturum
             probaverit
             ▪
             Tum
             in
             ipso
             coneilio
             vel
             principum
             aliquis
             ,
             vel
             pater
             ,
             vel
             propinquus
             Scuto
             Frameaque
             juvenem
             ornant
             .
             Haec
             apud
             illos
             Toga
             ,
             hic
             primus
             juventae
             honos
             :
             ante
             hoc
             domus
             pars
             videntur
             ,
             mox
             Reipublicae
             .
             
               De
               moribus
               German
               .
               cap.
            
             13.