Numerus infaustus a short view of the unfortunate reigns of William the Second, Henry the Second, Edward the Second, Richard the Second, Charles the Second, James the Second.
         Caesar, Charles, 1636-1707.
      
       
         
           1689
        
      
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         A31743
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         ESTC R20386
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         57753
         
           
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             Numerus infaustus a short view of the unfortunate reigns of William the Second, Henry the Second, Edward the Second, Richard the Second, Charles the Second, James the Second.
             Caesar, Charles, 1636-1707.
          
           [4], 89 [i.e. 125], [3] p.
           
             Printed for Ric. Chiswell ...,
             London :
             1689.
          
           
             Written by Charles Caesar. Cf. Halkett & Laing (2nd ed.).
             Advertisements: [3] p. at end.
             Reproduction of original in Huntington Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           William -- II, -- King of England, 1056?-1100.
           Henry -- II, -- King of England, 1133-1189.
           Edward -- II, -- King of England, 1284-1327.
           Richard -- II, -- King of England, 1367-1400.
           Charles -- II, -- King of England, 1630-1685.
           James -- II, -- King of England, 1633-1701.
           Great Britain -- Kings and rulers -- Biography.
        
      
    
     
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             Numerus
             Infaustus
          
           .
        
         
           A
           SHORT
           VIEW
           Of
           the
           Unfortunate
           Reigns
           OF
           
             
               WILLIAM
               the
               Second
               .
            
             
               HENRY
               the
               Second
               .
            
             
               EDWARD
               the
               Second
               .
            
             
               RICHARD
               the
               Second
               .
            
             
               CHARLES
               the
               Second
               .
            
             
               JAMES
               the
               Second
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             —
             
               sine
               Caede
               ,
               &
               Sanguine
               pauci
            
          
           
             
               Descendunt
               Reges
               ,
               &
               siceâ
               Morte
               Tyrrani
               .
            
          
        
         
           London
           :
           Printed
           for
           
             Ric.
             Chiswell
          
           at
           the
           Rose
           and
           Crown
           in
           St.
           
             Pauls
             Church
             yard
          
           ,
           1689.
           
        
      
       
         
         
           LICENSED
           .
        
         
           
             
               June
               25.
               89.
               
            
          
           
             J.
             Frasier
          
        
      
       
         
         
           TO
           THE
           READER
           .
        
         
           MEeting
           accidentally
           the
           other
           Day
           with
           a
           Passage
           in
           
             Heylins
             Geography
          
           which
           he
           sets
           down
           in
           these
           words
           .
           
             p.
             225.
             
             I
             will
             present
             you
             with
             a
             fatal
             Observation
             of
             the
             Letter
          
           H.
           
             as
             I
             find
             it
             thus
             versed
             in
          
           Albions
           England
           .
        
         
           
             Not
             superstitiously
             I
             speak
             ,
             but
             H
             this
             Letter
             still
             .
          
           
             Hath
             been
             observed
             ominous
             to
             Englands
             good
             or
             ill
             ,
             &c.
             
          
        
         
           A
           sudden
           Conceit
           darted
           into
           my
           Thoughts
           (
           from
           the
           Remembrance
           of
           former
           Reading
           )
           that
           such
           Kings
           of
           England
           ,
           as
           were
           the
           Second
           of
           
           any
           Name
           ,
           proved
           very
           unfortunate
           Princes
           both
           to
           themselves
           ,
           and
           to
           their
           People
           ,
           Whereupon
           I
           consulted
           the
           English
           Chronicles
           ,
           and
           out
           of
           them
           I
           have
           drawn
           a
           summary
           Narration
           of
           the
           Lives
           and
           Reigns
           of
           Six
           Kings
           .
           For
           the
           Matter
           of
           Fact
           I
           have
           faithfully
           adher'd
           to
           the
           History
           ,
           and
           yet
           I
           have
           not
           transcribed
           their
           
             Method
             ,
             Style
          
           ,
           or
           Language
           .
        
         
           The
           Writing
           of
           this
           was
           an
           Entertainment
           for
           afew
           of
           my
           idle
           Hours
           ,
           and
           perhaps
           the
           Reader
           may
           be
           pleased
           to
           divert
           himself
           for
           a
           few
           Minutes
           ,
           in
           the
           Perusal
           ,
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           Numerus
           Infaustus
           .
        
         
           
             THE
             LIFE
             and
             REIGN
             OF
             WILLIAM
             the
             Second
             ,
             Nick-Named
             RVFVS
          
           
             THE
             First
             
               William
               gain'd
               England
            
             by
             Conquest
             ,
             and
             bequeath'd
             it
             to
             the
             Second
             by
             Will.
             By
             his
             Invasion
             he
             usurped
             the
             Right
             of
             his
             
               Cosin
               Edgar
            
             ;
             and
             by
             his
             Legacy
             he
             infringed
             that
             of
             his
             Heir
             .
             He
             put
             out
             Harold
             the
             
               unlawful
               Possessor
            
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             ;
             and
             put
             by
             Robert
             his
             
               Lawful
               Successor
            
             .
          
           
           
             William
             the
             Second
             of
             that
             Name
             ,
             of
             fewer
             years
             than
             his
             Brother
             ,
             but
             of
             greater
             Interest
             in
             the
             Inclinations
             of
             his
             Father
             ,
             with
             hasty
             Steps
             ascended
             the
             Throne
             ,
             entring
             the
             Royal
             Palace
             at
             the
             wrong
             Door
             .
             He
             indear'd
             himself
             to
             the
             one
             by
             the
             resemblance
             of
             Humours
             ,
             and
             the
             roughness
             of
             his
             Temper
             ;
             and
             over-reach'd
             the
             other
             by
             the
             Credulity
             and
             Easiness
             of
             his
             Disposition
             :
             Giving
             no
             more
             deference
             to
             the
             Obligation
             of
             Promises
             ,
             than
             to
             the
             Right
             of
             Primogeniture
             .
             His
             Vows
             to
             God
             ,
             his
             Word
             to
             his
             Brother
             ,
             and
             his
             Ingagements
             to
             his
             Subjects
             ,
             were
             all
             plighted
             with
             a
             like
             sincerity
             ,
             and
             with
             the
             same
             Integrity
             observ'd
             ,
             and
             maintain'd
             .
             He
             was
             positive
             and
             sturdy
             ,
             and
             that
             pass'd
             for
             Valour
             ;
             He
             was
             crafty
             and
             politick
             ,
             and
             that
             was
             reported
             for
             Wisdom
             :
             He
             was
             accounted
             Religious
             ,
             when
             he
             pursued
             his
             own
             
             Temporal
             Advantages
             ,
             and
             was
             reputed
             prophane
             ,
             when
             he
             invaded
             the
             priviledges
             of
             the
             Church
             :
             He
             was
             immeasurably
             covetous
             ,
             only
             in
             Order
             to
             the
             being
             unreasonably
             profuse
             ;
             and
             under
             the
             pretence
             of
             Religion
             he
             committed
             the
             greatest
             Acts
             of
             Enormity
             and
             Impiety
             .
             His
             incontinency
             was
             not
             taken
             notice
             of
             ,
             because
             he
             could
             not
             transgress
             the
             Vow
             of
             Matrimony
             ;
             and
             tho'
             in
             speculations
             and
             Disputes
             he
             seem'd
             concern'd
             for
             Religion
             ,
             yet
             by
             his
             Actions
             he
             appear'd
             to
             be
             a
             practical
             Atheist
             .
             The
             course
             of
             his
             Life
             was
             turbulent
             and
             uneasie
             ;
             and
             the
             manner
             of
             his
             Death
             violent
             ,
             and
             untimely
             .
          
           
             He
             was
             no
             sooner
             mounted
             on
             the
             Throne
             ,
             but
             troubles
             arose
             to
             discompose
             his
             quiet
             .
             Robert
             his
             Eldest
             Brother
             highly
             resenting
             this
             great
             Injury
             ,
             to
             be
             justled
             out
             of
             his
             Seat
             by
             the
             partiality
             of
             his
             Father
             ,
             
             and
             the
             Incroachment
             of
             his
             Brother
             ;
             began
             to
             think
             of
             some
             timely
             Expedients
             for
             the
             Recovery
             of
             his
             Right
             ,
             and
             being
             assisted
             in
             his
             pretensions
             by
             several
             of
             the
             Nobility
             in
             England
             ;
             as
             Odo
             Bishop
             of
             Bayeux
             and
             Earl
             of
             
               Kent
               ,
               Roger
               Montgomery
            
             Earl
             of
             
               Shrewsbury
               ,
               Hugh
               de-Grandemenil
               ,
               Robert
               Moubray
            
             Earl
             of
             
               Northumberland
               ,
               William
            
             Bishop
             of
             Durham
             ,
             and
             divers
             others
             of
             the
             Clergy
             ,
             and
             Nobility
             (
             who
             raised
             great
             forces
             ,
             and
             possessed
             themselves
             of
             many
             considerable
             places
             )
             the
             King
             was
             constrain'd
             to
             compound
             for
             his
             Peace
             ,
             by
             an
             assurance
             of
             three
             Thousand
             Marks
             
               per
               Annum
            
             to
             his
             Brother
             during
             Life
             ,
             and
             the
             Reversion
             of
             the
             Crown
             of
             England
             after
             his
             decease
             ;
             and
             by
             a
             Solemn
             promise
             to
             restore
             to
             the
             people
             their
             Ancient
             Laws
             ,
             and
             to
             indulge
             them
             the
             Liberty
             of
             hunting
             in
             his
             Forests
             .
             
             By
             these
             condescensions
             he
             dissipated
             the
             present
             Storm
             that
             impended
             over
             his
             Head
             ,
             and
             gain'd
             some
             short
             Respite
             from
             his
             growing
             Troubles
             .
          
           
             This
             Tempest
             was
             hardly
             allay'd
             in
             the
             South
             ,
             but
             fresh
             Clouds
             began
             to
             gather
             in
             the
             North.
             Malcolin
             King
             of
             the
             Scots
             thinking
             it
             a
             fit
             Opportunity
             to
             purvey
             for
             himself
             ,
             and
             inlarge
             his
             Borders
             ,
             when
             his
             Neighbour
             was
             imbroyl'd
             with
             intestine
             Commotions
             ;
             makes
             a
             sudden
             and
             furious
             incursion
             into
             Northumberland
             ,
             over-runs
             the
             Country
             ,
             burns
             and
             destroys
             all
             before
             him
             ,
             and
             returns
             home
             loaden
             with
             the
             spoils
             of
             the
             Inhabitants
             ,
             without
             the
             least
             hinderance
             ,
             or
             opposition
             .
             And
             tho
             it
             was
             not
             long
             ,
             before
             King
             William
             was
             sufficiently
             revenged
             on
             his
             Invader
             ,
             whom
             he
             reduced
             to
             the
             necessity
             of
             paying
             the
             Ancient
             Homage
             due
             to
             the
             Crown
             ,
             
             and
             to
             give
             assurance
             of
             his
             future
             fidelity
             by
             New
             stipulations
             ;
             yet
             such
             an
             enterprise
             could
             not
             be
             accomplished
             ,
             without
             a
             vast
             expence
             of
             Treasure
             ,
             and
             a
             great
             loss
             of
             Men.
             
          
           
             The
             King
             (
             who
             was
             very
             prodigal
             of
             his
             promises
             ,
             but
             slow
             and
             penurious
             in
             the
             performance
             )
             neglected
             the
             payment
             of
             the
             Composition
             made
             with
             his
             Brother
             Robert
             ;
             whereupon
             he
             makes
             his
             Application
             to
             the
             King
             of
             France
             ;
             who
             presently
             furnish'd
             him
             with
             considerable
             supplies
             ,
             by
             which
             Assistance
             he
             assaulted
             and
             took
             several
             Towns
             in
             Normandy
             ;
             and
             by
             his
             success
             obliged
             King
             William
             again
             to
             raise
             a
             powerful
             Army
             ,
             and
             to
             transport
             them
             into
             that
             Country
             ;
             where
             tho
             by
             his
             crafty
             Address
             he
             avoided
             the
             Effusion
             of
             Blood
             ,
             and
             the
             consumption
             of
             his
             Forces
             ,
             
             yet
             he
             wasted
             his
             Treasure
             ,
             and
             purchased
             a
             Truce
             with
             the
             King
             of
             France
             ,
             by
             the
             mediation
             of
             Mony.
             
          
           
             And
             now
             all
             things
             were
             calm
             and
             quiet
             ,
             but
             not
             long
             so
             ;
             the
             Skie
             began
             to
             be
             overcast
             with
             gloomy
             exhalations
             ,
             and
             troubles
             arose
             upon
             an
             occasion
             as
             unusual
             ,
             as
             unnecessary
             .
             Malcolin
             King
             of
             the
             Scots
             was
             a
             generous
             and
             magnanimous
             Prince
             ,
             and
             being
             at
             Peace
             and
             full
             Amity
             with
             his
             Neighbours
             ,
             he
             undertook
             the
             Toyl
             of
             a
             Journy
             as
             far
             as
             Gloucester
             ,
             to
             pay
             a
             Royal
             Visit
             to
             his
             Ally
             and
             Friend
             the
             King
             of
             England
             :
             Who
             either
             out
             of
             a
             Humour
             ,
             Pique
             or
             Pride
             ,
             would
             not
             vouchsafe
             so
             much
             as
             to
             see
             him
             ;
             which
             Barbarous
             return
             to
             the
             Civility
             of
             the
             affronted
             King
             did
             so
             exasperate
             him
             ,
             that
             he
             posted
             back
             to
             his
             own
             Country
             ,
             
             made
             ready
             a
             powerful
             Army
             with
             all
             Expedition
             ,
             and
             again
             infested
             Northumberland
             ,
             Ravaging
             thro'
             the
             Country
             without
             Comptrol
             ,
             and
             enriching
             his
             Followers
             by
             the
             Ruin
             and
             desolation
             of
             harmless
             and
             unconcerned
             people
             .
             And
             tho'
             in
             the
             prosecution
             of
             this
             design
             he
             lost
             his
             Life
             ,
             and
             the
             Life
             of
             Edward
             his
             Eldest
             Son
             ,
             and
             his
             whole
             Army
             intirely
             Routed
             and
             Defeated
             (
             being
             drawn
             into
             an
             Ambuscade
             by
             
               Robert
               Moubray
            
             the
             Kings
             Lieutenant
             )
             yet
             King
             VVilliam
             suffer'd
             a
             great
             diminution
             of
             his
             Honour
             and
             Fame
             ,
             by
             so
             unhospitable
             a
             Refusal
             of
             a
             common
             Respect
             to
             his
             equal
             in
             Degree
             and
             Title
             .
          
           
             The
             King
             ,
             who
             was
             never
             happy
             in
             any
             long
             intermission
             of
             those
             distemper'd
             Fits
             that
             shook
             him
             ,
             fell
             now
             into
             a
             snarp
             
             and
             dangerous
             Paroxysme
             .
             The
             VVelchmen
             taking
             Notice
             of
             the
             Kings
             incessant
             Troubles
             and
             Distractions
             ;
             to
             gratifie
             both
             their
             Revenge
             and
             Avarice
             ,
             enter'd
             the
             English
             Borders
             ,
             and
             making
             use
             of
             such
             Advantages
             as
             naturally
             attend
             a
             surprize
             ,
             they
             became
             Masters
             of
             many
             Towns
             and
             strong
             Holds
             ,
             committing
             all
             manner
             of
             Outrage
             and
             Hostility
             ,
             exercising
             that
             Malice
             ,
             which
             they
             bore
             to
             the
             King
             ,
             upon
             the
             Lives
             and
             Estates
             of
             his
             innocent
             Subjects
             .
             The
             King
             with
             great
             industry
             and
             care
             ,
             got
             together
             a
             handsom
             Army
             ,
             with
             which
             he
             marched
             in
             Person
             toward
             them
             ,
             promising
             to
             himself
             an
             easie
             and
             a
             cheap
             Victory
             :
             But
             he
             was
             disappointed
             of
             his
             purpose
             ,
             and
             forced
             to
             retreat
             with
             all
             speed
             to
             London
             to
             compose
             an
             Army
             of
             greater
             strength
             ,
             and
             Number
             .
             
             In
             the
             mean
             time
             to
             increase
             his
             perplexity
             ,
             
               Robert
               Moubray
            
             Earl
             of
             Northumberland
             ,
             (
             who
             had
             done
             him
             such
             signal
             Service
             in
             repelling
             the
             Scots
             ,
             and
             destroying
             their
             King
             )
             finding
             himself
             disregarded
             ,
             and
             no
             competent
             Honour
             ,
             or
             Reward
             designed
             for
             his
             singular
             Merits
             ,
             began
             to
             be
             Male-content
             ;
             and
             joyn'd
             in
             an
             open
             Conspiracy
             against
             his
             Lord
             and
             Master
             .
             But
             the
             King
             reinforced
             with
             an
             Army
             far
             stronger
             than
             ever
             he
             had
             imbodied
             before
             ;
             took
             ,
             and
             imprison'd
             the
             Earl
             ,
             and
             enter'd
             the
             VVelch
             Territories
             ,
             where
             not
             being
             able
             to
             provoke
             them
             to
             the
             Decision
             of
             a
             Battle
             ,
             he
             persued
             them
             with
             Stratagems
             ,
             Erected
             many
             Castles
             and
             Forts
             ,
             that
             so
             by
             degrees
             he
             might
             become
             Master
             of
             the
             Country
             :
             But
             they
             retreating
             to
             the
             natural
             
             Fortifications
             of
             Woods
             ,
             Mountains
             ,
             and
             inaccessible
             passages
             ,
             did
             so
             baffle
             him
             in
             his
             Attempts
             ,
             and
             so
             harass
             and
             tire
             out
             his
             Souldiers
             ,
             that
             he
             thought
             it
             most
             advisable
             to
             withdraw
             from
             the
             Enterprise
             ,
             and
             to
             commit
             the
             further
             prosecution
             of
             it
             to
             his
             Lieutenants
             ,
             who
             in
             time
             utterly
             subdued
             those
             Naked
             and
             Wild
             people
             ,
             but
             not
             without
             horrible
             Instances
             of
             Cruelty
             ,
             and
             Barbarity
             .
          
           
             Thus
             we
             have
             seen
             a
             Man
             advanced
             to
             a
             Throne
             ,
             invested
             with
             Regal
             Authority
             ,
             surrounded
             with
             all
             the
             external
             Glories
             ,
             and
             Felicities
             of
             a
             Diadem
             ;
             yet
             denied
             the
             inward
             satisfaction
             and
             Tranquillity
             of
             a
             quiet
             and
             peaceable
             injoyment
             of
             his
             Acquisitions
             .
             Hitherto
             we
             have
             observed
             ,
             how
             Invasions
             from
             abroad
             ,
             and
             distractions
             at
             home
             
             render'd
             his
             Life
             uneasie
             :
             Let
             us
             now
             take
             an
             Account
             of
             his
             immoral
             ,
             and
             irregular
             Actions
             ,
             which
             made
             his
             Person
             unacceptable
             ,
             and
             his
             Reign
             unfortunate
             to
             his
             Subjects
             .
          
           
             He
             assumed
             to
             himself
             an
             immoderate
             and
             Licentious
             Power
             to
             supply
             his
             necessities
             by
             the
             detriment
             and
             spoil
             of
             others
             .
             And
             because
             in
             his
             Time
             the
             Clergy
             was
             of
             all
             Ranks
             of
             Men
             the
             most
             opulent
             ,
             he
             found
             them
             the
             most
             proper
             Objects
             of
             his
             Rapine
             ,
             and
             Oppression
             .
             When
             any
             Bishoprick
             ,
             or
             Abby
             became
             vacant
             ,
             he
             presently
             seized
             the
             Revenues
             into
             his
             own
             Hand
             .
             He
             kept
             the
             See
             of
             Canterbury
             four
             years
             to
             his
             own
             use
             ,
             and
             would
             have
             done
             it
             longer
             ,
             but
             that
             a
             desperate
             Sickness
             put
             him
             into
             a
             Fit
             of
             Devotion
             ;
             for
             being
             at
             the
             brink
             of
             Death
             ,
             
             and
             ready
             to
             expire
             ,
             he
             resolved
             to
             commute
             for
             his
             Intrusion
             ,
             by
             the
             donation
             of
             those
             Livings
             ,
             which
             (
             as
             he
             thought
             )
             he
             could
             no
             longer
             detein
             ,
             and
             hastily
             conferred
             the
             Arch-Bishoprick
             of
             Canterbury
             upon
             Anselm
             ,
             and
             and
             the
             Bishoprick
             of
             Lincoln
             upon
             
               Robert
               Bloët
            
             :
             But
             no
             sooner
             was
             Health
             restor'd
             ,
             but
             his
             old
             Inclinations
             return'd
             ,
             and
             no
             other
             Tokens
             of
             Repentance
             appear'd
             ,
             but
             a
             Remorse
             and
             Sorrow
             for
             parting
             with
             two
             such
             rich
             Morsels
             ;
             for
             he
             never
             desisted
             from
             importuning
             and
             tormenting
             the
             two
             poor
             Bishops
             ,
             till
             he
             squeesed
             good
             Sums
             of
             Mony
             from
             Anselm
             ,
             and
             five
             thousand
             pounds
             from
             Bloet
             .
          
           
             He
             kept
             in
             his
             Hands
             at
             one
             time
             three
             ●●●●opricks
             
               (
               Canterbury
               ,
               VVinchester
            
             ,
             and
             Salisbury
             )
             and
             twelve
             Abbies
             ;
             all
             which
             
             he
             set
             out
             to
             Farm
             ,
             and
             gather'd
             the
             Profits
             of
             them
             into
             his
             own
             Coffers
             .
          
           
             Being
             obliged
             to
             pay
             a
             great
             Sum
             of
             Mony
             to
             the
             King
             of
             France
             ,
             he
             found
             this
             Invention
             to
             procure
             it
             ;
             He
             pretended
             a
             resolution
             to
             make
             War
             ,
             and
             a
             sudden
             irruption
             into
             Normandy
             ,
             in
             order
             to
             which
             he
             levied
             twenty
             thousand
             Men
             (
             by
             Press
             and
             other
             coercive
             means
             )
             who
             being
             drawn
             to
             the
             Sea
             side
             ,
             and
             ready
             to
             imbarque
             ,
             he
             order'd
             it
             to
             be
             signify'd
             and
             made
             known
             ,
             that
             because
             he
             could
             more
             commodiously
             levy
             men
             in
             Normandy
             (
             without
             the
             Toyl
             and
             Charge
             of
             transporting
             )
             whosoever
             would
             pay
             Ten
             Shillings
             toward
             the
             raising
             of
             such
             Forces
             ,
             should
             be
             excused
             from
             going
             on
             that
             Expedition
             ,
             which
             proffer
             was
             so
             grateful
             and
             plausible
             to
             
             the
             Army
             ,
             that
             there
             was
             hardly
             any
             man
             that
             did
             not
             greedily
             comply
             with
             the
             proposal
             .
             He
             added
             extortion
             to
             Usury
             ,
             took
             up
             Mony
             by
             indirect
             Courses
             ,
             and
             imploy'd
             it
             to
             unjust
             purposes
             ;
             he
             would
             not
             supply
             his
             Brother
             with
             Mony
             (
             tho
             upon
             a
             pious
             undertaking
             to
             the
             Holy
             Land
             )
             without
             a
             Mortgage
             of
             his
             Dutchy
             of
             Normandy
             ;
             and
             he
             could
             not
             raise
             it
             but
             by
             exactions
             ,
             and
             compulsory
             Loans
             ,
             so
             that
             to
             advance
             the
             Sum
             ,
             the
             Bishops
             melted
             their
             Plate
             and
             the
             Temporal
             Lords
             destroyed
             their
             Tenants
             .
          
           
             Spiritual
             Preferments
             were
             not
             given
             ,
             but
             sold
             by
             Auction
             ,
             and
             he
             received
             from
             Thurstan
             Five
             Hundred
             Pounds
             for
             the
             Abby
             of
             Glastenbury
             ;
             and
             fell
             out
             with
             Anselm
             ,
             because
             he
             would
             not
             give
             a
             Thousand
             Marks
             for
             being
             
             made
             Arch-Bishop
             of
             Canterbury
             .
          
           
             He
             arrogated
             to
             himself
             the
             Glory
             of
             Building
             Westminster-Hall
             ;
             but
             His
             Subjects
             were
             at
             the
             Expence
             ,
             who
             believed
             ,
             that
             he
             rear'd
             that
             Fabrick
             only
             for
             a
             pretence
             to
             lay
             a
             heavy
             Tax
             upon
             the
             People
             ,
             and
             was
             a
             great
             gainer
             by
             the
             Project
             .
          
           
             If
             the
             Preists
             transgressed
             by
             carnal
             deviations
             from
             the
             strict
             Rule
             of
             their
             Profession
             ,
             the
             Pennance
             was
             in
             the
             Purse
             ;
             and
             a
             composition
             with
             the
             King
             was
             as
             effectual
             ,
             as
             a
             Sacerdotal
             Absolution
             .
             And
             because
             he
             received
             very
             great
             Profit
             by
             particular
             Indulgences
             given
             to
             the
             Jews
             ,
             he
             incouraged
             the
             Relaps
             of
             such
             as
             were
             converted
             to
             Christianity
             ,
             accounting
             it
             no
             matter
             to
             be
             
               Followers
               of
               Christ
            
             ,
             so
             they
             were
             but
             Benefactors
             to
             him
             .
          
           
           
             Among
             other
             Faults
             laid
             to
             his
             Charge
             ,
             it
             is
             worth
             observing
             ,
             that
             he
             is
             noted
             
               for
               imposing
               excessive
               Fines
               upon
               diverse
            
             of
             the
             Nobility
             ,
             
               for
               small
               offences
            
             .
          
           
             Having
             by
             his
             Avarice
             and
             Severities
             wearied
             his
             Subjects
             ,
             and
             disposed
             them
             to
             seek
             for
             Safety
             and
             Liberty
             in
             other
             Countries
             ;
             He
             unexpectedly
             issued
             a
             Proclamation
             that
             no
             man
             should
             depart
             the
             Realm
             without
             his
             License
             ,
             for
             the
             purchase
             of
             which
             he
             did
             not
             care
             to
             lose
             a
             Subject
             .
             While
             Promoters
             ,
             Informers
             ,
             and
             such
             sort
             of
             State-Caterpillars
             were
             his
             principal
             Favorites
             ,
             and
             Partakers
             of
             his
             Grace
             and
             Bounty
             .
          
           
             He
             had
             a
             mind
             to
             be
             reputed
             
               an
               exact
               Observer
               of
               his
               Word
               and
               Promise
               .
            
             And
             perhaps
             he
             was
             so
             in
             matters
             of
             small
             Importance
             :
             But
             when
             Profit
             and
             Advantage
             
             came
             to
             be
             weighed
             ,
             Self-interest
             soon
             turned
             the
             Scale
             .
             He
             made
             a
             solemn
             Agreement
             with
             his
             Brother
             Robert
             ,
             to
             bequeath
             the
             Crown
             of
             England
             to
             him
             ;
             but
             it
             does
             not
             appear
             ,
             that
             he
             remembred
             the
             Ingagement
             ,
             or
             ever
             had
             an
             intention
             to
             be
             just
             to
             his
             Word
             .
             When
             he
             was
             pressed
             by
             an
             intestine
             War
             ,
             and
             by
             the
             Loyalty
             and
             Valour
             of
             the
             English
             rescued
             from
             the
             Rebellion
             of
             his
             Norman
             Followers
             ,
             he
             promised
             a
             restitution
             of
             their
             Ancient
             Laws
             ,
             and
             an
             indulgence
             to
             some
             Priviledges
             which
             were
             much
             valued
             by
             the
             people
             of
             those
             times
             ;
             but
             with
             the
             necessity
             the
             obligation
             ceased
             ,
             and
             he
             became
             a
             Bankrupt
             of
             his
             Word
             and
             Promise
             .
             As
             little
             did
             he
             regard
             his
             Promises
             to
             God
             his
             Creator
             ,
             for
             being
             dangerously
             sick
             at
             Gloucester
             ,
             and
             despairing
             
             of
             Recovery
             ,
             he
             made
             a
             Solemn
             Vow
             ,
             that
             if
             he
             were
             restored
             to
             his
             Health
             ,
             he
             would
             lead
             a
             New
             Life
             ,
             and
             give
             over
             all
             his
             disorderly
             Courses
             ,
             but
             the
             restoration
             of
             his
             strength
             was
             accompanied
             with
             the
             return
             of
             his
             former
             vicious
             inclinations
             ,
             and
             he
             became
             ten
             times
             more
             the
             child
             of
             wrath
             ,
             than
             he
             was
             before
             .
          
           
             He
             is
             reported
             to
             be
             very
             lascivious
             and
             incontinent
             ,
             but
             in
             regard
             he
             did
             not
             defraud
             his
             own
             Wife
             ,
             (
             having
             never
             been
             married
             )
             and
             was
             not
             observed
             
               to
               debauch
               the
               Wives
               of
               other
               Men
               ,
            
             he
             only
             passeth
             for
             a
             simple
             Fornicator
             ,
             and
             even
             in
             that
             not
             at
             all
             curious
             ,
             not
             entertaining
             a
             select
             Concubine
             ,
             but
             promiscuously
             trucking
             with
             any
             Woman
             that
             came
             in
             his
             way
             .
          
           
             To
             shew
             how
             conscientious
             
             he
             was
             in
             matters
             of
             Religion
             ,
             take
             the
             words
             of
             Sir
             
               Richard
               Baker
            
             in
             his
             Chronicle
             of
             England
             ,
             p.
             35.
             
             
               He
               appointed
               a
               Disputation
               to
               be
               held
               between
               Christians
               and
               Jews
               ,
               and
               before
               the
               day
               came
               ,
               the
               Jews
               brought
               the
               King
               a
               present
               ,
               to
               the
               end
               they
               might
               have
               an
               indifferent
               hearing
               ;
               the
               King
               took
               the
               present
               ,
               encouraging
               them
               to
               quit
               themselves
               like
               Men
               :
               And
               swore
               by
               St.
            
             Lukes
             
               face
               (
               his
               usual
               Oath
               )
               that
               if
               they
               prevailed
               by
               Disputation
               ,
               he
               would
               himself
               turn
               Jew
               ,
               and
               be
               of
               their
               Religion
               .
               A
               young
               Jew
               on
               a
               time
               was
               converted
               to
               the
               Christian
               Faith
               ,
               whose
               Father
               being
               much
               troubled
               at
               it
               ,
               presented
               the
               King
               sixty
               Mark
               ,
               intreating
               him
               to
               make
               his
               Son
               to
               return
               to
               his
               Judaism
               ;
               whereupon
               the
               King
               sent
               for
               his
               Son
               ,
               commanding
               him
               without
               more
               ado
               to
               return
               to
               the
               Religion
               of
               his
               Nation
               :
               But
               the
               young
               Man
               answered
               ,
               
               he
               wondred
               his
               Majesty
               would
               use
               such
               Words
               ;
               for
               being
               a
               Christian
               he
               should
               rather
               perswade
               him
               to
               Christianity
               :
               With
               which
               Answer
               the
               King
               was
               so
               confounded
               ,
               that
               he
               commanded
               the
               young
               Man
               to
               get
               him
               out
               of
               his
               sight
               .
               But
               his
               Father
               finding
               the
               King
               could
               do
               no
               good
               upon
               his
               Son
               ,
               required
               his
               Mony
               again
               .
               Nay
               (
               saith
               the
               King
               )
               I
               have
               taken
               pains
               enough
               for
               it
               ;
               and
               yet
               that
               thou
               mayst
               see
               how
               kindly
               I
               will
               deal
               ,
               you
               shall
               have
               one
               half
               ,
               and
               the
               other
               half
               you
               cannot
               in
               Conscience
               deny
               me
               .
            
          
           
             In
             one
             Act
             he
             shew'd
             himself
             a
             Tyrant
             ,
             and
             an
             Atheist
             ,
             for
             fifty
             Gentlemen
             being
             accused
             for
             Hunting
             and
             killing
             the
             Kings
             Deer
             ,
             he
             caused
             them
             to
             be
             condemned
             to
             the
             Trial
             by
             Fire
             ,
             which
             they
             escaping
             untouch'd
             by
             the
             miraculous
             Providence
             of
             God
             ,
             and
             he
             thereby
             
             defeated
             of
             his
             greedy
             expectation
             by
             the
             Confiscation
             of
             their
             Estates
             ,
             fell
             into
             an
             outragious
             Passion
             ,
             and
             cry'd
             out
             ,
             
               How
               happens
               this
               !
               is
               God
               a
               just
               Judg
               in
               suffering
               it
               ?
               Now
               a
               Murrain
               take
               him
               that
               believes
               it
               .
            
          
           
             But
             vengeance
             from
             Heaven
             soon
             overtook
             
               him
               that
               did
               not
               believe
               it
            
             ;
             for
             the
             King
             (
             though
             warned
             by
             Dreams
             and
             other
             uncommon
             Presages
             ,
             of
             some
             approaching
             Disaster
             )
             appointed
             ,
             a
             Hunting
             in
             the
             new
             Forest
             upon
             the
             second
             of
             August
             .
             When
             the
             day
             came
             ,
             he
             began
             to
             be
             perplexed
             with
             the
             remembrance
             of
             those
             ominous
             Bodings
             ,
             and
             stay'd
             within
             till
             Noon
             :
             But
             having
             at
             Dinner
             driven
             away
             all
             care
             and
             fear
             ,
             by
             drinking
             himself
             into
             hardiness
             and
             security
             ,
             he
             mounled
             his
             Horse
             ,
             and
             eagerly
             folowed
             the
             Chase
             :
             shortly
             after
             
             Sir
             
               Walter
               Tyrrel
            
             ,
             a
             Knight
             of
             Normandy
             (
             to
             whom
             the
             King
             at
             their
             going
             out
             had
             given
             two
             Arrows
             very
             strong
             and
             sharp
             ,
             telling
             him
             ,
             That
             he
             knew
             how
             to
             shoot
             to
             purpose
             )
             having
             a
             very
             fat
             Buck
             in
             view
             ,
             and
             at
             a
             convenient
             distance
             to
             be
             struck
             ,
             let
             fly
             an
             Arrow
             ,
             which
             glancing
             on
             a
             Tree
             ,
             or
             else
             grazing
             on
             the
             Back
             of
             the
             Deer
             ,
             reach'd
             the
             King
             ,
             hit
             him
             in
             the
             Breast
             ,
             and
             he
             immediately
             dropt
             down
             dead
             .
          
           
             Thus
             fell
             
               Nimrod
               the
               mighty
            
             Norman
             Hunter
             ,
             destroy'd
             by
             that
             very
             sport
             in
             which
             he
             took
             such
             excessive
             delight
             ,
             violently
             brought
             to
             death
             on
             that
             occasion
             ;
             by
             which
             he
             had
             deliberately
             design'd
             the
             destruction
             of
             many
             others
             ;
             and
             in
             that
             very
             place
             where
             his
             Father
             had
             depopulated
             so
             many
             Town
             ,
             and
             
             ruined
             so
             many
             Religious
             Houses
             ,
             for
             the
             accommodation
             of
             wild
             Beasts
             ,
             and
             to
             gratifie
             his
             own
             inordinate
             pleasures
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             THE
             LIFE
             and
             REIGN
             OF
             HENRY
             the
             Second
             .
          
           
             THO'
             the
             Accession
             of
             Henry
             the
             Son
             of
             
               Geoffrey
               Plantagenet
            
             Duke
             of
             Anjou
             ,
             to
             the
             Crown
             of
             England
             ,
             be
             not
             branded
             with
             the
             unsavory
             Terms
             of
             Intrusion
             ,
             or
             Usurpation
             ;
             yet
             whosoever
             will
             impartially
             revolve
             the
             Chronicles
             of
             those
             Times
             ,
             may
             modestly
             conclude
             ,
             that
             
               he
               jumpt
               into
               the
               Throne
               over
               the
               back
               of
               his
               Mother
               .
               Maud
            
             (
             commonly
             styled
             the
             Empress
             )
             was
             the
             only
             Daughter
             and
             Heir
             of
             Henry
             the
             first
             ,
             and
             tho
             she
             was
             an
             Empress
             ,
             
             and
             afterward
             a
             Dutchess
             ,
             yet
             she
             could
             never
             arrive
             at
             the
             Station
             of
             a
             Queen
             .
             Stephen
             usurp'd
             the
             Crown
             ,
             and
             kept
             it
             from
             her
             ;
             and
             Henry
             her
             Son
             confirm'd
             the
             Disseisin
             ,
             by
             compounding
             for
             his
             own
             Succession
             ,
             without
             any
             regard
             to
             his
             Mothers
             Title
             .
             Whether
             she
             was
             lockt
             up
             in
             an
             unknown
             Prison
             ,
             or
             estranged
             by
             Banishment
             ,
             or
             secretly
             made
             away
             ,
             it
             were
             a
             great
             Presumption
             in
             me
             to
             assert
             ,
             since
             the
             Writers
             and
             Historians
             of
             those
             days
             make
             no
             positive
             Determination
             in
             the
             matter
             :
             But
             that
             she
             was
             civilly
             dead
             ,
             that
             no
             Notice
             was
             taken
             of
             her
             Right
             and
             Legal
             Claim
             to
             the
             Government
             ,
             after
             she
             had
             so
             unsuccessfully
             contended
             with
             King
             Stephen
             ,
             nothing
             can
             be
             more
             manifest
             .
             Henry
             her
             Son
             was
             a
             young
             ,
             active
             ,
             and
             Valiant
             Prince
             ,
             very
             
             potent
             ,
             
               endow'd
               with
               great
               possessions
            
             ,
             and
             in
             expectation
             of
             greater
             Additions
             :
             He
             was
             in
             his
             own
             Right
             Duke
             of
             Anjou
             ,
             in
             Right
             of
             his
             Wife
             Duke
             of
             Guyen
             and
             Earl
             of
             Poietou
             ,
             and
             in
             Right
             of
             his
             Mother
             ,
             Duke
             of
             Normandy
             ,
             and
             presumptive
             Heir
             to
             the
             Kingdom
             of
             England
             .
             This
             greatness
             of
             Estate
             added
             to
             the
             Greatness
             of
             his
             Spirit
             ,
             and
             buoy'd
             up
             by
             the
             Hopes
             of
             a
             far
             greater
             augmentation
             of
             his
             Fortunes
             ,
             push'd
             him
             on
             to
             set
             up
             for
             himself
             in
             a
             competition
             for
             the
             Crown
             of
             England
             ;
             to
             the
             Achievement
             of
             which
             many
             accidents
             concurring
             (
             as
             the
             untimely
             Death
             of
             Eustace
             the
             Son
             of
             King
             Stophen
             ,
             the
             melancholick
             despair
             of
             his
             Mother
             the
             Empress
             ,
             upon
             her
             improsperous
             contest
             with
             Stephen
             ,
             and
             the
             Loss
             of
             her
             Brother
             ,
             and
             other
             
             her
             fast
             Friends
             )
             he
             came
             to
             a
             composition
             with
             King
             Stephen
             ,
             and
             a
             perfect
             Reconciliation
             was
             made
             between
             them
             ,
             choosing
             rather
             to
             succeed
             him
             by
             Adoption
             ,
             than
             to
             wait
             the
             natural
             Descent
             of
             his
             Inheritance
             by
             the
             Death
             of
             his
             Mother
             .
             Whether
             a
             Prophetick
             foresight
             of
             the
             short
             Period
             prescribed
             to
             the
             Reign
             of
             King
             Stephen
             ,
             or
             a
             secret
             design
             to
             catch
             some
             opportunity
             to
             accelerate
             His
             own
             Investiture
             ,
             prompted
             Him
             on
             to
             this
             Accommodation
             ,
             lies
             only
             within
             the
             compass
             of
             conjecture
             ;
             but
             so
             it
             fell
             out
             ,
             that
             his
             Possession
             by
             Survivership
             was
             not
             long
             Prorogued
             ;
             the
             Agreement
             being
             made
             in
             January
             by
             mutual
             consent
             ,
             and
             consummated
             in
             October
             following
             ,
             by
             the
             Death
             of
             King
             Stephen
             .
          
           
             Henry
             the
             Second
             being
             now
             
             actually
             King
             ,
             disturbed
             by
             no
             Competitor
             ,
             or
             Pretender
             ,
             might
             with
             all
             affluence
             of
             Honour
             ,
             Wealth
             ,
             and
             Pleasure
             ,
             have
             enjoy'd
             his
             Kingdom
             in
             profound
             Peace
             ;
             but
             in
             despight
             to
             Fortune
             ,
             who
             hitherto
             had
             Courted
             him
             .
             He
             created
             Troubles
             to
             himself
             ,
             and
             was
             the
             unlucky
             
               Author
               of
               his
               own
               misery
            
             .
             For
             tho
             the
             Rebellious
             Insurrection
             of
             the
             Welsh
             ,
             in
             the
             first
             Year
             of
             his
             Reign
             ,
             did
             somewhat
             discompose
             his
             quiet
             ;
             yet
             the
             Issue
             of
             it
             did
             only
             tend
             to
             aggrandise
             his
             Name
             ,
             to
             make
             him
             more
             revered
             at
             Home
             ,
             and
             more
             awfully
             consider'd
             abroad
             .
             But
             the
             Expedition
             into
             Scotland
             was
             the
             product
             of
             his
             own
             injustice
             :
             Stephen
             his
             Father
             by
             Adoption
             had
             granted
             Cumberland
             ,
             and
             
               Huntington
               shire
            
             to
             Malcolm
             King
             of
             the
             Scots
             ,
             and
             Maud
             his
             Mother
             had
             given
             Northumberland
             to
             the
             same
             :
             Henry
             disdaining
             to
             see
             his
             Kingdom
             Cantonised
             ,
             and
             grudging
             that
             
             such
             
               considerable
               Parts
            
             of
             it
             should
             be
             dismember'd
             from
             the
             Body
             ,
             and
             become
             the
             Patrimony
             of
             his
             Neighbour
             ,
             demands
             the
             Estate
             by
             a
             military
             Claim
             ,
             and
             marching
             thither
             with
             a
             powerful
             Army
             ,
             repossesseth
             himself
             of
             part
             of
             these
             alienated
             Lands
             ,
             and
             voluntarily
             relinquisheth
             the
             rest
             .
          
           
             The
             same
             restless
             Humour
             prompted
             him
             to
             persecute
             his
             Brother
             Geoffrey
             .
             For
             his
             Father
             on
             his
             Death-Bed
             bequeath'd
             the
             Dukedom
             of
             Anjou
             to
             him
             ,
             but
             with
             this
             limitation
             ,
             that
             so
             soon
             as
             He
             should
             become
             King
             of
             England
             ,
             he
             should
             deliver
             up
             Anjou
             to
             his
             Brother
             Geoffrey
             :
             And
             for
             the
             further
             assurance
             of
             it
             ,
             he
             obliged
             his
             Lords
             to
             Swear
             ,
             not
             to
             suffer
             his
             Body
             to
             be
             buried
             ,
             till
             his
             Son
             Henry
             had
             taken
             his
             Oath
             exactly
             to
             perform
             it
             .
             Henry
             solemnly
             binds
             himself
             by
             Oath
             to
             perform
             his
             Fathers
             Will
             ,
             but
             afterward
             as
             wickedly
             
             breaks
             his
             Vow
             (
             having
             obtain'd
             a
             Dispensation
             for
             so
             great
             an
             Impiety
             ,
             from
             his
             Holy
             Father
             Pope
             Adrian
             )
             and
             entring
             into
             Anjou
             with
             an
             Army
             ,
             took
             from
             his
             Brother
             (
             who
             was
             in
             no
             Capacity
             to
             resist
             so
             puissant
             an
             Invader
             )
             not
             only
             the
             Country
             of
             Anjou
             ,
             but
             some
             other
             Cities
             also
             ,
             which
             his
             Father
             had
             absolutely
             given
             him
             for
             his
             maintenance
             ,
             which
             unnatural
             Treatment
             had
             so
             fatal
             an
             operation
             on
             the
             poor
             Duke
             ,
             that
             within
             a
             very
             short
             time
             it
             broke
             his
             heart
             .
          
           
             And
             now
             Lewis
             King
             of
             France
             began
             to
             find
             him
             a
             costly
             and
             hazardous
             diversion
             ;
             for
             having
             not
             well
             digested
             the
             affront
             put
             upon
             him
             by
             King
             Henry
             in
             marrying
             of
             Eleanor
             his
             divorced
             Queen
             ,
             and
             seeking
             all
             occasions
             to
             demonstrate
             his
             Resentments
             ,
             he
             became
             an
             open
             Abettor
             of
             Raymond
             Earl
             of
             
               St.
               Giles
            
             ,
             with
             whom
             King
             Henry
             had
             a
             Controversie
             
             about
             the
             Earldom
             of
             Tholouse
             .
             Hereupon
             the
             Litigants
             began
             mutually
             to
             arm
             ,
             and
             great
             forces
             were
             rais'd
             on
             both
             sides
             ,
             but
             being
             just
             ready
             to
             joyn
             in
             a
             bloody
             Battel
             ,
             a
             Peace
             was
             concluded
             by
             the
             Mediation
             of
             Friends
             .
          
           
             And
             least
             matters
             should
             be
             wanting
             to
             propagate
             new
             cares
             ,
             and
             interruption
             to
             the
             progress
             of
             his
             Felicity
             ;
             by
             an
             over
             fond
             and
             unexampled
             Indulgence
             ,
             he
             assumed
             his
             Son
             Henry
             (
             then
             seventeen
             years
             of
             age
             )
             into
             a
             Partnership
             in
             the
             Throne
             ;
             whose
             arrogant
             behaviour
             ,
             and
             picgant
             Repa●tee
             at
             the
             very
             time
             of
             his
             Coronation
             ,
             administred
             just
             cause
             to
             the
             King
             to
             repent
             his
             rashness
             .
             For
             the
             King
             to
             do
             honour
             to
             his
             young
             Colleague
             ,
             at
             the
             Coronation
             feast
             would
             needs
             carry
             up
             the
             first
             Dish
             to
             the
             Table
             ;
             which
             the
             Archbishop
             (
             who
             had
             perform'd
             the
             Ceremony
             )
             observing
             ,
             said
             merrily
             
             to
             the
             new
             King
             ,
             
               What
               an
               honour
               is
               this
               to
               you
               ,
               to
               have
               such
               a
               waiter
               at
               your
               Table
               ?
            
             The
             other
             reply'd
             ,
             
               Why
               ?
               what
               great
               matter
               is
               it
               for
               him
               ,
               that
               was
               but
               the
               Son
               of
               a
               Duke
               to
               do
               service
               to
               me
               ,
               that
               am
               the
               Son
               of
               a
               King
               ,
               and
               a
               Queen
               ?
            
             Neither
             was
             it
             long
             before
             the
             King
             was
             sensibly
             convinced
             of
             his
             weakness
             .
             For
             the
             young
             King
             having
             imbibed
             some
             mutinous
             Notions
             of
             discontent
             from
             the
             insinuations
             of
             the
             French
             King
             ,
             and
             being
             animated
             by
             his
             advice
             and
             assistance
             ,
             began
             openly
             to
             oppose
             his
             Father
             .
             For
             an
             aggravation
             to
             the
             old
             Kings
             misfortunes
             ,
             Eleanor
             his
             Queen
             inraged
             with
             jealousie
             ,
             and
             not
             able
             to
             endure
             the
             sight
             of
             so
             many
             Concubines
             to
             which
             her
             Husband
             had
             
               given
               up
            
             himself
             ,
             she
             not
             only
             incenseth
             her
             Son
             Henry
             to
             proceed
             in
             his
             Enterprise
             ,
             but
             secretly
             perswadeth
             Richard
             and
             Geoffery
             ,
             two
             other
             of
             her
             Sons
             ,
             to
             
             joyn
             with
             him
             against
             their
             Father
             ,
             encouraging
             them
             to
             expect
             a
             more
             liberal
             maintenance
             from
             their
             Brother
             ,
             than
             their
             penurious
             Father
             did
             allow
             them
             ;
             by
             these
             Instigations
             they
             repair
             into
             Normandy
             ,
             and
             joyn
             themselves
             with
             their
             Brother
             ,
             who
             growing
             more
             insolent
             by
             their
             assistance
             ,
             return'd
             a
             haughty
             and
             imperious
             answer
             to
             a
             kind
             and
             loving
             message
             from
             his
             Father
             ,
             disdaining
             to
             lay
             down
             arms
             ,
             unless
             he
             would
             first
             lay
             down
             his
             authority
             ,
             and
             resign
             the
             Kingdom
             .
             To
             shuffle
             matters
             into
             the
             greater
             perplexity
             ,
             Lewis
             King
             of
             France
             began
             to
             form
             a
             League
             against
             King
             Henry
             ,
             and
             having
             call'd
             together
             the
             great
             Lords
             of
             his
             Kingdom
             ,
             and
             inveigled
             William
             King
             of
             the
             
               Scots
               ,
               Hugh
            
             Earl
             of
             
               Chester
               ,
               Roger
               Moubray
               ,
               Hugh
               Bigod
               ,
            
             and
             other
             the
             Accomplices
             of
             his
             Son
             ,
             they
             all
             joyn'd
             in
             an
             Oath
             to
             aid
             and
             assist
             the
             young
             King
             with
             their
             
             whole
             power
             ,
             and
             thereupon
             in
             one
             day
             they
             began
             their
             Attacks
             ,
             the
             French
             invading
             
               Normandy
               ,
               Aquitain
            
             ,
             and
             Britain
             ;
             and
             the
             King
             of
             
               Scots
               Northumberland
            
             .
             The
             old
             King
             in
             a
             short
             time
             disincumbred
             himself
             from
             these
             Exigencies
             ,
             and
             triumphed
             over
             all
             his
             Enemies
             ;
             but
             new
             troubles
             like
             Hydra's
             Heads
             ,
             sprung
             up
             every
             day
             to
             arrest
             his
             Tranquillity
             ;
             and
             he
             had
             no
             sooner
             made
             a
             Truce
             with
             his
             Son
             Henry
             ,
             but
             the
             defection
             of
             his
             Son
             Richard
             ,
             who
             had
             possest
             himself
             of
             a
             great
             part
             of
             the
             Province
             of
             Poictou
             ,
             obliged
             him
             to
             transport
             an
             Army
             thither
             ,
             and
             by
             the
             influence
             of
             it
             to
             reduce
             him
             to
             obedience
             .
             But
             the
             splendor
             of
             his
             success
             was
             darkned
             with
             a
             sensible
             misfortune
             ,
             Henry
             his
             Darling
             ,
             the
             copartner
             of
             his
             Empire
             ,
             but
             the
             Excrescence
             of
             the
             Throne
             ,
             ended
             his
             Competition
             with
             his
             life
             ,
             to
             the
             equal
             content
             and
             sorrow
             of
             his
             Father
             .
          
           
           
             Within
             a
             while
             Richard
             his
             Heir
             apparent
             ,
             revived
             his
             former
             discontent
             ,
             relapsed
             into
             the
             old
             fit
             of
             Rebellion
             ,
             and
             drew
             along
             with
             him
             his
             Brother
             John
             ,
             with
             many
             more
             of
             his
             Fathers
             Adherents
             ,
             and
             Followers
             ,
             who
             all
             joyn'd
             with
             Philip
             King
             of
             France
             (
             the
             Inheritor
             of
             his
             Fathers
             Crown
             ,
             and
             his
             animosity
             against
             King
             Henry
             )
             he
             presently
             form'd
             an
             Army
             ,
             and
             (
             least
             natural
             affection
             should
             prevail
             above
             conceived
             Injuries
             )
             with
             all
             speed
             and
             vigour
             laid
             Siege
             to
             the
             City
             of
             Mentz
             ,
             in
             which
             King
             Henry
             was
             then
             personally
             present
             ;
             who
             apprehending
             himself
             to
             be
             in
             great
             danger
             ,
             and
             unwilling
             to
             fall
             into
             the
             hands
             of
             such
             Enemies
             ,
             secretly
             withdrew
             out
             of
             the
             Town
             ,
             and
             escaped
             .
             But
             the
             Town
             being
             taken
             (
             the
             place
             of
             his
             Nativity
             ,
             and
             in
             which
             he
             took
             great
             delight
             )
             he
             became
             almost
             distracted
             with
             grief
             and
             passion
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             
             extremity
             of
             his
             rage
             utter'd
             this
             blasphemous
             expression
             ,
             
               I
               shall
               never
               hereafter
               love
               God
               any
               more
               ,
               that
               has
               suffer'd
               a
               City
               so
               dear
               to
               me
               ,
               to
               be
               taken
               from
               me
               .
            
             Indeed
             this
             inconsiderable
             loss
             made
             a
             mortal
             Impression
             on
             his
             spirits
             ,
             bereaving
             him
             of
             that
             vigor
             and
             Majestick
             grace
             which
             accompanied
             him
             in
             all
             his
             actions
             ,
             so
             that
             he
             tamely
             condescended
             to
             seek
             a
             Peace
             at
             their
             hands
             ,
             to
             whom
             before
             he
             scorn'd
             to
             vouchsafe
             the
             favour
             of
             any
             conditions
             ;
             but
             when
             he
             came
             to
             understand
             that
             his
             beloved
             Son
             John
             was
             in
             the
             Conspiracy
             against
             him
             ,
             he
             fell
             into
             a
             fit
             of
             fainting
             ,
             and
             dy'd
             within
             four
             days
             .
          
           
             King
             Henry
             was
             the
             Author
             and
             instrument
             of
             his
             own
             misfortunes
             ;
             He
             came
             to
             the
             Crown
             in
             peace
             and
             quiet
             ;
             but
             never
             injoy'd
             it
             in
             content
             or
             satisfaction
             .
             He
             was
             an
             ungrateful
             Son
             ,
             an
             indiscreet
             Father
             ,
             an
             unnatural
             Brother
             ,
             an
             unjust
             Husband
             ,
             
             a
             niggardly
             Master
             ,
             a
             fickle
             Friend
             ,
             a
             severe
             Enemy
             ,
             a
             valiant
             King
             ,
             but
             too
             penurious
             .
          
           
             His
             Actions
             were
             great
             and
             renowned
             ,
             but
             smutted
             with
             the
             tincture
             of
             notorious
             Vices
             .
             He
             dealt
             unjustly
             with
             the
             King
             of
             the
             Scots
             ;
             and
             to
             his
             cruelty
             extended
             to
             his
             Brother
             was
             added
             a
             manifest
             Perjury
             .
          
           
             He
             made
             his
             Son
             a
             Rival
             in
             his
             Throne
             ,
             and
             took
             many
             strange
             Women
             to
             be
             Rivals
             in
             his
             Bed.
             As
             his
             Wife
             was
             divorced
             from
             her
             other
             Husband
             ,
             so
             was
             his
             conjugal
             love
             estranged
             from
             her
             .
          
           
             His
             Partiality
             to
             his
             Sons
             is
             too
             manifest
             ,
             while
             he
             fondly
             gave
             to
             Henry
             a
             share
             of
             his
             Crown
             ,
             and
             substracted
             from
             his
             other
             Sons
             a
             competent
             maintenance
             .
             But
             these
             contrary
             causes
             produced
             the
             same
             effect
             ,
             his
             Indulgence
             to
             one
             ,
             and
             his
             Niggardliness
             to
             the
             rest
             ,
             provoked
             them
             all
             to
             be
             Rebels
             against
             him
             .
          
           
           
             His
             Incontinency
             is
             so
             evident
             ,
             that
             it
             supersedes
             all
             the
             misprisions
             of
             Jealousie
             :
             His
             close
             Amours
             with
             the
             fair
             Rosamond
             were
             palpably
             detected
             by
             the
             industrious
             curiosity
             of
             his
             Queen
             ;
             but
             his
             incestuous
             dalliance
             with
             the
             Spouse
             of
             his
             Son
             ,
             has
             left
             an
             indelible
             blot
             upon
             his
             memory
             .
          
           
             His
             carriage
             toward
             
               Thomas
               Becket
            
             ,
             while
             alive
             ,
             speaks
             him
             brave
             ,
             and
             magnanimous
             ;
             but
             his
             mean
             submission
             to
             a
             sordid
             Penance
             at
             the
             Tomb
             of
             that
             sawcy
             Prelate
             ,
             discovers
             plainly
             that
             Superstition
             was
             predominant
             in
             him
             beyond
             a
             sense
             of
             
               true
               Religion
            
             .
          
           
             Parsimony
             ,
             which
             is
             commendable
             in
             men
             of
             lower
             ranks
             ,
             was
             a
             vice
             in
             him
             ;
             by
             it
             he
             lost
             the
             love
             of
             his
             Children
             ,
             and
             disobliged
             his
             Subjects
             ,
             while
             by
             Taxes
             ,
             Confiscations
             ,
             Seisure
             on
             Bishopricks
             and
             Abbies
             ,
             and
             other
             avaritious
             practises
             ,
             
               he
               lived
               poorly
            
             ,
             only
             that
             he
             might
             die
             rich
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             THE
             LIFE
             and
             REIGN
             OF
             EDWARD
             the
             Second
             .
          
           
             EDWARD
             of
             Carnarven
             was
             the
             Eldest
             Son
             of
             Edward
             the
             First
             ,
             and
             succeeded
             his
             Father
             in
             the
             Kingdom
             of
             England
             .
             He
             was
             in
             his
             Person
             handsome
             ;
             in
             his
             Conversation
             acceptable
             ;
             in
             his
             Inclinations
             not
             
               extrémely
               Vicious
            
             ;
             continent
             beyond
             any
             of
             his
             Predecessors
             ;
             not
             given
             to
             grind
             his
             Subjects
             by
             hard
             Taxations
             ,
             or
             to
             enrich
             himself
             by
             their
             Impoverishment
             .
             He
             ascended
             the
             Throne
             with
             the
             Universal
             Joy
             and
             Acclamations
             both
             of
             the
             Nobility
             ,
             and
             the
             People
             ;
             the
             way
             to
             it
             was
             plain
             ,
             and
             
             the
             Seat
             easy
             .
             He
             had
             the
             Advantages
             of
             an
             extraordinary
             Education
             ,
             the
             example
             of
             an
             Illustrious
             Father
             and
             a
             Victorious
             King
             ;
             an
             early
             initiation
             in
             the
             Business
             of
             State
             ,
             a
             happy
             opportunity
             to
             understand
             the
             Art
             of
             Reigning
             ,
             by
             commanding
             the
             Realm
             ,
             and
             presiding
             in
             Parliament
             ,
             during
             his
             Fathers
             absence
             .
             When
             he
             took
             the
             Reins
             of
             Government
             into
             his
             hands
             ,
             he
             was
             neither
             in
             his
             Nonage
             ,
             nor
             Dotage
             ;
             the
             Kingdom
             stood
             in
             no
             need
             of
             a
             Protector
             because
             of
             His
             Minority
             ,
             nor
             an
             Administrator
             ,
             because
             he
             was
             super-annuated
             .
             He
             was
             just
             ripe
             for
             Rule
             ,
             and
             all
             circumstances
             concurr'd
             to
             make
             the
             Conclusion
             of
             his
             Reign
             as
             prosperous
             as
             the
             beginning
             .
          
           
             Notwithstanding
             all
             these
             happy
             Prcludiums
             ,
             never
             was
             there
             a
             Prince
             more
             unfortunate
             ,
             never
             was
             there
             a
             Life
             perplexed
             with
             more
             Disasters
             ,
             
             or
             a
             Death
             attended
             with
             sharper
             Instances
             of
             Misery
             and
             Horror
             :
             being
             persecuted
             by
             his
             Subjects
             ,
             deserted
             by
             his
             Qeen
             ,
             deposed
             by
             the
             People
             ,
             and
             inhumanly
             Murdered
             by
             wretched
             Miscreants
             .
          
           
             He
             began
             his
             Reign
             with
             a
             rude
             and
             irreligious
             contempt
             of
             his
             renowned
             Fathers
             Will
             ,
             and
             dying
             Commands
             ,
             which
             as
             it
             gave
             just
             cause
             to
             the
             Subjects
             to
             suspect
             his
             Veracity
             and
             Constancy
             ,
             so
             it
             appear'd
             an
             ominous
             presage
             of
             his
             future
             Calamities
             ,
             and
             Desertion
             by
             Heaven
             .
             For
             whereas
             his
             Father
             had
             expresly
             charged
             him
             ,
             never
             to
             recall
             
               Pierce
               Gaveston
            
             from
             Banishment
             (
             who
             had
             been
             the
             Pandar
             to
             the
             young
             Prince's
             Lusts
             ,
             and
             the
             Debaucher
             of
             his
             Youth
             )
             he
             immediately
             sent
             for
             him
             home
             ,
             heaped
             Honours
             and
             Riches
             upon
             him
             ,
             and
             grew
             scandalously
             fond
             of
             him
             .
             His
             Father
             setled
             his
             Quarrel
             with
             Scotland
             upon
             him
             by
             Entayl
             ,
             requiring
             
             him
             to
             carry
             his
             Bones
             about
             with
             him
             through
             that
             Kingdom
             ,
             till
             he
             had
             subdued
             it
             :
             but
             so
             little
             Veneration
             had
             he
             for
             those
             Glorious
             Reliques
             ,
             that
             he
             neither
             took
             them
             with
             him
             in
             a
             Military
             Procession
             ,
             nor
             regarded
             their
             quiet
             Sepulture
             ;
             but
             rather
             to
             affront
             them
             ,
             he
             entred
             into
             a
             Treaty
             for
             his
             own
             Nuptials
             ,
             before
             he
             had
             solemnized
             the
             Funerals
             of
             his
             Father
             .
             The
             Old
             King
             had
             obliged
             him
             to
             send
             his
             heart
             to
             the
             Holy
             Land
             ,
             with
             Sevenscore
             Knights
             to
             prosecute
             the
             Holy
             War
             ,
             and
             two
             and
             thirty
             Thousand
             Pounds
             (
             a
             mighty
             Sum
             in
             those
             Days
             )
             which
             he
             had
             gathered
             for
             that
             Pious
             use
             :
             But
             he
             not
             only
             neglected
             his
             Fathers
             Directions
             ,
             but
             in
             plain
             scorn
             and
             despight
             to
             his
             Commands
             ,
             he
             prodigally
             squander'd
             it
             on
             that
             same
             Gaveston
             ,
             from
             whose
             very
             sight
             he
             was
             precluded
             by
             his
             dying
             Father
             .
          
           
             I
             shall
             not
             need
             to
             divide
             the
             History
             
             of
             his
             Life
             into
             several
             Acts
             ,
             I
             may
             recite
             it
             ,
             as
             it
             was
             ,
             in
             one
             Scene
             of
             Trouble
             and
             misfortune
             .
             The
             revocation
             of
             
               Peirce
               Gaveston
            
             from
             perpetual
             Exile
             was
             very
             displeasing
             to
             the
             People
             ;
             His
             admission
             to
             the
             highest
             Honours
             and
             Favours
             about
             the
             Court
             ,
             did
             smartly
             aggravate
             their
             just
             Resentments
             ;
             but
             his
             Pride
             and
             Ostentation
             at
             the
             Marriage
             of
             the
             King
             in
             France
             (
             where
             the
             Four
             Kings
             and
             Four
             Queens
             ,
             were
             seen
             in
             all
             their
             Pomp
             ,
             besides
             the
             King
             and
             his
             Bride
             ,
             yet
             he
             was
             observed
             to
             excel
             them
             all
             in
             Bravery
             )
             had
             so
             sensible
             an
             Operation
             on
             the
             Lords
             of
             England
             ,
             that
             when
             Edward
             ,
             and
             Isabel
             expected
             to
             be
             Crown'd
             ,
             in
             the
             presence
             of
             many
             Princes
             ,
             and
             Noble
             Persons
             ,
             they
             boldly
             went
             to
             him
             and
             briskly
             told
             him
             ,
             how
             haynously
             he
             had
             transgressed
             his
             Fathers
             Will
             in
             recalling
             Gaveston
             ,
             to
             which
             since
             they
             were
             Cautioners
             ;
             they
             would
             
             see
             it
             performed
             ;
             and
             unless
             he
             would
             remove
             Gaveston
             from
             Court
             and
             Kingdom
             ,
             they
             would
             not
             suffer
             his
             Coronotion
             to
             proceed
             .
             King
             Edward
             ,
             confounded
             with
             this
             stinging
             Declaration
             ,
             gave
             them
             satisfaction
             ,
             and
             solmnly
             Swore
             to
             do
             what
             they
             desired
             ,
             in
             the
             next
             Parliment
             ,
             and
             so
             the
             Coronation
             proceeded
             :
             In
             the
             solmnizing
             whereof
             the
             King
             again
             provoked
             the
             Lords
             to
             Discontent
             ,
             adding
             the
             honour
             of
             carrying
             St.
             Edwards
             Crown
             before
             him
             ,
             to
             the
             other
             Titles
             he
             had
             conferred
             on
             Gaveston
             ;
             which
             urged
             them
             to
             enter
             into
             Consultation
             ,
             how
             to
             contrive
             some
             plausible
             way
             to
             restrain
             the
             Violence
             of
             the
             Kings
             Affection
             which
             in
             a
             short
             time
             took
             affect
             .
             For
             Gaveston
             not
             content
             to
             engross
             the
             Kings
             Favor
             ,
             and
             dictate
             his
             arbitrary
             Orders
             through
             the
             Kingdom
             ,
             encroached
             on
             the
             honour
             of
             the
             Nobility
             ,
             and
             placed
             opprobious
             Nick-Names
             
             upon
             divers
             of
             them
             ,
             who
             therefore
             did
             not
             only
             envy
             him
             for
             his
             undeserved
             Advancement
             ,
             but
             mortally
             hated
             him
             for
             his
             un-sufferable
             Insolency
             .
             It
             was
             not
             long
             before
             a
             Parliment
             met
             ,
             who
             unanimously
             press
             the
             King
             to
             apply
             a
             Remedy
             to
             their
             Greivances
             in
             the
             Rere
             of
             which
             they
             urge
             the
             Banishment
             of
             Gaveston
             :
             The
             King
             seing
             no
             safety
             in
             expostulation
             ,
             consents
             to
             their
             Demands
             ,
             and
             the
             several
             Articles
             (
             like
             those
             of
             the
             Council
             of
             Trent
             )
             are
             injoyn'd
             under
             an
             Anathema
             ,
             and
             pain
             of
             Excommunication
             :
             Hereupon
             Gaveston
             was
             sent
             into
             Ireland
             ,
             but
             as
             the
             Chief
             Goovernour
             ,
             not
             as
             an
             Exile
             ;
             where
             after
             he
             ●ad
             stay'd
             a
             while
             ,
             and
             acted
             things
             much
             conducing
             to
             his
             Reputation
             ,
             King
             Edward
             ,
             not
             able
             to
             endure
             his
             absence
             ,
             or
             indeed
             to
             live
             without
             him
             ,
             remanded
             him
             home
             ,
             and
             married
             him
             to
             the
             Sister
             of
             the
             
             Earl
             of
             Glocester
             ;
             but
             Gaveston
             was
             incorrigible
             ,
             his
             Power
             exceeded
             all
             Limits
             ,
             and
             his
             expences
             all
             possibility
             of
             supply
             ;
             the
             Kings
             Revenue
             was
             wasted
             ,
             the
             Queens
             maintenance
             retrenched
             ,
             and
             all
             diverted
             to
             the
             accommodating
             the
             Luxury
             of
             the
             Favorite
             .
             The
             Lords
             began
             to
             ferment
             in
             a
             new
             Discontentment
             ,
             and
             repairing
             to
             the
             King
             ,
             positively
             told
             him
             ,
             if
             he
             did
             not
             immediately
             remove
             Gaveston
             out
             of
             the
             Court
             and
             Kingdom
             they
             would
             rise
             in
             Arms
             against
             him
             ,
             as
             a
             perjur'd
             King.
             But
             he
             ,
             after
             he
             had
             strugled
             a
             while
             between
             Love
             and
             Fear
             ,
             condescended
             to
             his
             pertual
             Banishment
             ,
             making
             his
             return
             a
             capital
             Offence
             ,
             and
             so
             to
             be
             proceeded
             against
             ,
             if
             ever
             found
             in
             the
             Kingdom
             .
             Gaveston
             once
             more
             is
             dispatcht
             out
             of
             England
             ,
             and
             goes
             to
             France
             ,
             where
             finding
             no
             safe
             Abode
             ,
             he
             past
             into
             Flanders
             ,
             and
             there
             meeting
             with
             no
             secure
             shelter
             ,
             he
             
             secretly
             returns
             to
             England
             ,
             relying
             on
             the
             immovable
             Favor
             of
             the
             King
             ,
             and
             the
             interest
             of
             the
             Duke
             of
             Gloucester
             .
             The
             bewitched
             King
             received
             him
             with
             transports
             of
             joy
             ,
             and
             slipping
             out
             of
             the
             sight
             of
             the
             Lords
             ,
             and
             all
             other
             Observers
             ,
             betook
             himself
             to
             York
             ,
             carrying
             his
             beloved
             Minion
             with
             him
             .
             The
             Lords
             hearing
             of
             it
             ,
             make
             after
             him
             ,
             and
             choosing
             the
             great
             and
             potent
             Earl
             of
             Lancaster
             for
             their
             General
             ,
             sent
             a
             Message
             to
             the
             King
             to
             deliver
             Gaveston
             into
             their
             Hands
             ,
             or
             at
             least
             to
             send
             him
             peremptorily
             out
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             .
             But
             being
             abused
             by
             evil
             Counsel
             ,
             and
             disregarding
             the
             Message
             from
             the
             Lords
             ,
             he
             marcht
             from
             place
             to
             place
             ,
             seeking
             a
             sure
             refuge
             for
             his
             dear
             Favourite
             ,
             refusing
             to
             stay
             with
             the
             Queen
             ,
             who
             with
             tears
             beg'd
             his
             company
             ,
             and
             lodg'd
             him
             in
             Scarborough-Castle
             ;
             which
             being
             furiously
             assaulted
             by
             the
             Confederate
             Lords
             ,
             
             Gaveston
             thought
             it
             best
             to
             render
             himself
             ,
             desiring
             only
             the
             favour
             to
             be
             allow'd
             once
             to
             see
             the
             King's
             face
             ,
             and
             the
             King
             reciprocally
             ask'd
             the
             same
             .
             Gaveston
             was
             sent
             under
             a
             Convoy
             toward
             Wallingford
             ,
             but
             being
             intercepted
             by
             the
             way
             ,
             and
             forced
             from
             his
             Guard
             by
             the
             Earl
             of
             Warwick
             ,
             after
             long
             deliberation
             his
             Head
             was
             struck
             off
             at
             a
             place
             call'd
             Blacklow
             .
             In
             the
             mean
             time
             the
             King
             of
             Scots
             taking
             notice
             in
             how
             unready
             a
             posture
             Affaires
             were
             in
             England
             ,
             how
             the
             King
             remitted
             all
             case
             of
             the
             Government
             to
             Gaveston
             ,
             and
             that
             he
             gave
             himself
             up
             to
             Luxury
             and
             Licentiousness
             ,
             in
             a
             short
             time
             ,
             and
             with
             little
             or
             no
             opposition
             ,
             reduced
             almost
             all
             Scotland
             to
             his
             obedience
             ;
             and
             encouraged
             by
             that
             success
             .
             He
             entred
             England
             ,
             burnt
             ,
             and
             took
             several
             Towns
             ,
             and
             being
             encounter'd
             with
             a
             splendid
             Army
             raised
             by
             King
             Edward
             ,
             more
             resembling
             
             a
             Court
             ,
             than
             a
             Camp
             ,
             and
             consisting
             of
             a
             hundred
             thousand
             men
             ;
             he
             with
             an
             Army
             hardly
             amounting
             to
             thirty
             thousand
             ,
             utterly
             overthrew
             and
             defeated
             them
             .
             This
             misfortune
             was
             follow'd
             by
             the
             loss
             of
             almost
             all
             Ireland
             ,
             and
             the
             treacherous
             Rendition
             of
             Berwick
             ,
             which
             yet
             King
             Edward
             was
             in
             a
             fair
             way
             to
             recover
             ,
             had
             not
             the
             Earl
             of
             Lancaster
             discover'd
             his
             immoderate
             kindness
             to
             
               Hugh
               Spencer
            
             the
             younger
             ,
             (
             whom
             he
             had
             substituted
             and
             embraced
             in
             the
             room
             of
             Gaveston
             )
             and
             thereupon
             withdrew
             his
             forces
             from
             his
             assistance
             .
             These
             Crosses
             were
             accompanied
             with
             the
             loss
             of
             Northumberland
             ,
             whereof
             all
             the
             Towns
             were
             taken
             ,
             or
             burnt
             by
             the
             Scots
             ,
             and
             an
             incredible
             number
             of
             Prisoners
             and
             Cattel
             carried
             into
             Scotland
             ;
             King
             Edward
             in
             vain
             attempting
             to
             seek
             a
             Reprizal
             ,
             and
             at
             last
             forced
             to
             pass
             over
             all
             hopes
             of
             satisfaction
             ,
             by
             the
             
             conclusion
             of
             a
             Truce
             .
             The
             unhappy
             King
             postponing
             the
             affections
             of
             his
             Subjects
             to
             the
             fond
             love
             of
             a
             Darling
             ,
             advanced
             
               Hugh
               Spencer
            
             to
             the
             highest
             pitch
             of
             Honour
             and
             Favour
             ,
             committed
             all
             Affairs
             to
             his
             sole
             Administration
             ;
             he
             (
             in
             perfect
             imitation
             of
             his
             Predecessor
             )
             servilely
             complying
             with
             the
             Kings
             Humours
             ,
             and
             arrogantly
             insulting
             over
             the
             Lords
             .
             They
             to
             remove
             this
             insupportable
             Nusance
             ,
             continue
             in
             Arms
             ,
             confederate
             together
             ,
             and
             send
             a
             peremptory
             Message
             to
             the
             King
             ,
             requiring
             the
             confirmation
             and
             execution
             of
             the
             Articles
             formerly
             granted
             ,
             otherwise
             threatning
             to
             constrain
             him
             by
             force
             of
             Arms
             ,
             and
             accordingly
             assembled
             a
             mighty
             body
             about
             Dunstable
             ,
             where
             the
             King
             then
             lay
             ;
             but
             by
             the
             interposition
             of
             the
             Prelates
             ,
             an
             Accommodation
             was
             made
             ,
             and
             all
             things
             agreed
             to
             their
             mutual
             satisfaction
             .
             Soon
             after
             a
             Parliament
             was
             
             call'd
             ,
             wherein
             the
             King
             complain'd
             that
             the
             Lords
             had
             taken
             up
             Arms
             ,
             had
             murthered
             
               Pierce
               Gaveston
            
             ,
             and
             done
             him
             many
             other
             Affronts
             ;
             they
             on
             the
             other
             side
             justifie
             their
             Proceedings
             ,
             as
             not
             undertaken
             against
             ,
             but
             for
             the
             Preservation
             of
             his
             Person
             ,
             and
             the
             punishment
             of
             the
             publick
             Enemies
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             ;
             but
             the
             Queen
             ,
             with
             the
             Prelates
             and
             the
             Duke
             of
             Gloucester
             ,
             found
             an
             Expedient
             to
             qualifie
             these
             heats
             ;
             the
             Lords
             became
             humble
             Suitors
             to
             the
             King
             for
             his
             Grace
             and
             Pardon
             ,
             and
             he
             receives
             them
             kindly
             ,
             as
             dutiful
             and
             loyal
             Subjects
             .
             But
             this
             Reconcilement
             not
             being
             founded
             in
             sincerity
             ,
             was
             but
             of
             a
             short
             duration
             :
             The
             two
             Spencers
             ,
             Father
             and
             Son
             ,
             became
             intolerable
             in
             their
             Covetousness
             ,
             Oppression
             ,
             and
             Arbitrary
             disposal
             of
             all
             Affairs
             ;
             wherefore
             the
             Earl
             of
             Lancaster
             with
             divers
             other
             Lords
             ,
             entred
             into
             a
             new
             Confederacy
             ,
             binding
             
             themselves
             by
             Oath
             to
             live
             and
             die
             together
             ,
             in
             the
             maintenance
             of
             the
             Rights
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             ,
             and
             to
             procure
             the
             expulsion
             of
             the
             two
             Spencers
             .
             In
             pursuance
             hereof
             ,
             they
             gather
             a
             great
             Army
             ,
             march
             to
             London
             ,
             and
             insist
             stoutly
             on
             their
             former
             demands
             ;
             to
             which
             once
             more
             the
             King
             is
             induced
             to
             condescend
             ,
             by
             the
             mediation
             of
             the
             Queen
             and
             the
             Prelates
             ,
             and
             by
             publick
             Proclamation
             the
             Spencers
             are
             banished
             ;
             but
             in
             a
             short
             time
             after
             the
             Edict
             was
             revoked
             ,
             they
             recall'd
             ,
             and
             restored
             to
             their
             former
             place
             and
             authority
             .
             The
             wind
             ●●gan
             now
             to
             change
             ,
             and
             by
             a
             strange
             caprichio
             of
             fortune
             ,
             the
             King
             got
             the
             Ascendent
             over
             the
             mutinous
             Lords
             ,
             conquered
             them
             in
             Battel
             ,
             slew
             many
             of
             them
             in
             the
             Field
             ,
             and
             put
             many
             to
             death
             ,
             by
             the
             Sword
             of
             Justice
             ;
             but
             so
             soon
             as
             the
             heat
             of
             Revenge
             was
             a
             little
             qualify'd
             ,
             repented
             of
             his
             proceeding
             .
          
           
           
             Hitherto
             the
             miserable
             King
             received
             only
             slight
             wounds
             in
             the
             extreme
             parts
             of
             his
             Body
             ,
             now
             he
             received
             a
             stab
             at
             the
             Heart
             .
             The
             Queen
             enraged
             to
             see
             her
             Husbands
             love
             diverted
             upon
             upstart
             Favorites
             ,
             and
             disdaining
             to
             be
             a
             Pensioner
             to
             their
             pleasure
             ,
             found
             a
             plausible
             Excuse
             to
             repair
             into
             France
             ,
             where
             (
             to
             be
             revenged
             on
             her
             Husband
             for
             his
             neglect
             of
             her
             )
             she
             continued
             in
             too
             scandalous
             a
             familiarity
             with
             the
             Lord
             Mortimer
             .
             The
             King
             being
             advertised
             of
             it
             ,
             commanded
             her
             to
             return
             ,
             and
             she
             delaying
             to
             come
             ,
             he
             proclaimed
             her
             ,
             and
             the
             Prince
             (
             who
             was
             at
             that
             time
             also
             in
             France
             )
             Enemies
             to
             the
             Kingdom
             ,
             banish'd
             them
             and
             their
             Adherents
             ,
             and
             strongly
             guarded
             the
             Seas
             with
             three
             Fleets
             ,
             to
             intercept
             their
             passage
             .
             The
             Queen
             by
             the
             help
             of
             Foreign
             Friends
             ,
             got
             together
             a
             considerable
             Army
             ,
             and
             landed
             near
             Harwich
             ,
             and
             was
             presently
             
             reinforced
             by
             the
             conjunction
             of
             the
             Earl
             Marshal
             ,
             the
             Earl
             of
             Lancaster
             ,
             the
             Earl
             of
             Leicester
             ,
             and
             many
             other
             Lords
             and
             Bishops
             .
             The
             King
             was
             astonish'd
             at
             the
             News
             ,
             being
             utterly
             irresolute
             what
             course
             to
             take
             :
             He
             had
             
               no
               Counsellors
            
             about
             him
             ,
             but
             the
             Spencers
             ,
             London
             
               was
               not
               to
               be
               trusted
               ,
               his
               Army
               was
               wavering
               ,
               the
               people
               from
               all
               Counties
               flocking
               in
               to
               the
               Queen
               .
            
             In
             this
             perplexity
             he
             secretly
             
               withdraws
               from
               the
               Court
            
             ,
             attended
             by
             the
             two
             Spencers
             ,
             and
             a
             very
             few
             others
             ,
             and
             being
             disappointed
             of
             his
             Retreat
             to
             the
             Isle
             of
             Lundy
             ,
             He
             
               hides
               himself
            
             in
             the
             Abby
             of
             Nethe
             ;
             where
             within
             a
             short
             time
             he
             was
             taken
             ,
             his
             Followers
             all
             apprehended
             ,
             and
             the
             two
             Spencers
             publickly
             and
             ignominiously
             executed
             ,
             and
             himself
             committed
             to
             the
             custody
             of
             the
             Earl
             of
             Leicester
             .
             After
             Christmas
             a
             Parliament
             was
             call'd
             ,
             wherein
             it
             was
             agreed
             to
             Depose
             the
             
             King
             ,
             and
             set
             up
             his
             Son
             ,
             who
             refusing
             to
             take
             the
             Crown
             ,
             unless
             his
             Father
             would
             freely
             resign
             it
             ,
             the
             poor
             King
             as
             tamely
             surrender'd
             the
             Scepter
             ,
             as
             he
             had
             before
             unworthily
             weilded
             it
             ,
             and
             having
             formally
             renounced
             and
             
               abdicated
               the
               Government
            
             ,
             and
             the
             Speaker
             of
             the
             Parliament
             ,
             renounced
             all
             Allegiance
             to
             him
             ,
             in
             the
             Name
             of
             the
             whole
             Kingdom
             ,
             he
             was
             taken
             from
             the
             Earl
             of
             Leicester
             (
             from
             whom
             his
             Enemies
             thought
             
               he
               had
               too
               kind
               usage
            
             )
             and
             being
             hurried
             from
             place
             to
             place
             ,
             and
             wearied
             with
             all
             manner
             of
             severity
             and
             indignity
             ,
             wasted
             by
             starving
             ,
             tormented
             by
             noisome
             stinks
             ,
             and
             attempted
             by
             Poyson
             ,
             he
             was
             at
             last
             barbarously
             and
             inhumanely
             stifled
             to
             death
             between
             two
             Pillows
             .
             The
             Murder
             being
             disavow'd
             by
             the
             Queen
             ,
             the
             Executioners
             of
             it
             fled
             ,
             and
             died
             miserably
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             THE
             LIFE
             and
             REIGN
             OF
             RICHARD
             the
             Second
             .
          
           
             IF
             Magnanimity
             ,
             Valour
             ,
             Piety
             ,
             Gentleness
             ,
             Liberty
             ,
             and
             other
             Heroick
             and
             Princely
             Qualities
             ,
             were
             communicable
             by
             Generation
             :
             if
             vertue
             could
             be
             intayl'd
             ;
             If
             the
             gifts
             of
             the
             mind
             descended
             by
             Inheritance
             ,
             or
             were
             demisable
             hy
             Will
             ,
             or
             inseparably
             annex'd
             to
             the
             Body
             ;
             no
             man
             could
             ever
             have
             a
             juster
             Pretension
             to
             Glory
             and
             Fame
             ,
             than
             
               Richard
               the
               Second
            
             ,
             the
             only
             Son
             of
             that
             incomparable
             Hero
             ,
             
               Edward
               the
               black
               Prince
            
             ,
             and
             grand
             Son
             of
             that
             most
             
             illustrious
             and
             victorious
             
               Edward
               the
               Third
            
             .
             But
             Children
             do
             not
             always
             resemble
             the
             Features
             of
             the
             Father
             ,
             to
             the
             great
             shame
             and
             scandal
             of
             the
             Mother
             :
             Wit
             ,
             and
             Vigor
             are
             seated
             in
             the
             Brain
             ;
             and
             Children
             are
             not
             begotten
             by
             the
             Head.
             
          
           
             Richard
             was
             a
             Child
             at
             the
             death
             of
             his
             Father
             ;
             and
             never
             acted
             like
             a
             man
             ,
             during
             his
             own
             Life
             .
             A
             Crown
             was
             too
             heavy
             a
             Load
             for
             his
             tender
             Brows
             ,
             and
             the
             Reflection
             of
             its
             Brightness
             daizled
             his
             Eyes
             .
          
           
             The
             Transactions
             of
             State
             ,
             during
             his
             Minority
             ,
             are
             not
             to
             be
             the
             Subject
             of
             my
             Recital
             ,
             since
             the
             Event
             of
             all
             Affairs
             that
             were
             prosperous
             ,
             is
             to
             be
             imputed
             to
             the
             Conduct
             of
             his
             Guardians
             ;
             and
             where
             any
             Accidents
             interrupted
             his
             Prosperity
             ,
             it
             ought
             not
             to
             be
             attributed
             to
             his
             misfortune
             .
             I
             shall
             therefore
             pass
             over
             such
             Occurrences
             as
             are
             recounted
             by
             Historians
             ,
             during
             his
             pupillage
             ;
             
             and
             begin
             my
             Remarks
             ,
             at
             that
             Period
             when
             he
             assumed
             the
             Regal
             Government
             .
          
           
             And
             first
             he
             deposed
             the
             Lord
             Scroop
             from
             his
             Chancellor-Ship
             ,
             because
             he
             refused
             to
             seal
             some
             extravagant
             grants
             made
             by
             the
             King
             ,
             and
             receiving
             the
             Seal
             from
             his
             Hands
             ,
             he
             kept
             it
             for
             a
             certain
             Time
             ,
             and
             with
             it
             seal'd
             such
             Grants
             and
             Writings
             as
             he
             thought
             fit
             ,
             at
             his
             own
             absolute
             will
             and
             pleasure
             .
          
           
             His
             Army
             sent
             against
             France
             ,
             commanded
             by
             the
             Bishop
             of
             Norwich
             ,
             was
             not
             very
             prosperous
             ;
             but
             laying
             Seige
             to
             Ypres
             ,
             as
             they
             past
             through
             Flanders
             ,
             were
             forced
             by
             the
             Power
             of
             a
             French
             Army
             coming
             to
             their
             Relief
             ,
             to
             raise
             the
             Seige
             ,
             and
             retreat
             .
             And
             tho
             the
             Bishop
             advised
             the
             King
             to
             lay
             hold
             on
             that
             Opportunity
             to
             try
             the
             Fortune
             of
             a
             Battle
             with
             the
             French
             ,
             and
             he
             pretended
             over
             Night
             to
             be
             in
             a
             mighty
             hast
             and
             
             Eagerness
             to
             ingage
             in
             that
             enterprise
             ,
             yet
             in
             the
             Morning
             the
             Humor
             was
             off
             ,
             and
             consulting
             his
             own
             ease
             and
             safety
             ,
             he
             appointed
             the
             Duke
             of
             Lancaster
             to
             go
             on
             that
             Inployment
             ,
             who
             spinning
             out
             the
             Time
             with
             dilatory
             Preparations
             ,
             till
             the
             Bishop
             was
             return'd
             ,
             the
             Project
             was
             disappointed
             ,
             the
             undertaking
             came
             to
             Nothing
             ;
             and
             the
             Dispute
             was
             ended
             in
             a
             short
             lived
             Truce
             .
          
           
             Neither
             did
             the
             Expedition
             into
             Scotland
             ,
             tend
             to
             the
             Honour
             of
             the
             King
             ,
             or
             Advantage
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             :
             for
             the
             Scots
             having
             made
             Incursions
             into
             England
             ,
             taken
             ,
             and
             burnt
             divers
             Towns
             upon
             the
             Borders
             ,
             and
             enriched
             themselves
             by
             a
             general
             depredation
             of
             the
             Country
             .
             The
             Duke
             of
             Lancaster
             with
             the
             Earl
             of
             Buckingham
             was
             dispatcht
             with
             a
             mighty
             Army
             to
             repress
             them
             :
             but
             having
             entred
             Scotland
             ,
             and
             not
             being
             able
             by
             any
             Art
             ,
             or
             Stratagem
             to
             
             provoke
             the
             Scots
             to
             Battel
             ,
             they
             returned
             without
             obtaining
             any
             further
             Satisfaction
             ,
             then
             a
             suitable
             Revenge
             in
             burning
             ,
             and
             destroying
             many
             Towns
             there
             .
             And
             tho
             a
             truce
             was
             made
             with
             the
             Scots
             ;
             yet
             without
             any
             Regard
             to
             the
             Stipulation
             ,
             they
             again
             entred
             the
             Borders
             ,
             and
             took
             Berwick
             .
          
           
             But
             now
             the
             unfortunate
             King
             began
             to
             form
             Plots
             against
             his
             own
             honour
             and
             Quiet
             ;
             for
             being
             incensed
             against
             the
             Duke
             of
             Lancaster
             (
             whether
             upon
             real
             ,
             or
             upon
             imaginary
             Provocations
             )
             a
             design
             was
             laid
             to
             have
             that
             great
             man
             Arrested
             ,
             and
             arraign'd
             of
             Treason
             before
             Sir
             
               Robert
               Tresilian
            
             ,
             chief
             Justice
             (
             tho
             by
             the
             Law
             of
             the
             Land
             his
             Tryal
             ought
             to
             have
             been
             by
             his
             Peers
             )
             and
             it
             is
             easie
             to
             imagin
             what
             would
             have
             been
             the
             Issue
             of
             such
             irregular
             Proceedings
             :
             but
             the
             Duke
             having
             timely
             intimation
             of
             the
             mischief
             and
             contrivance
             
             against
             him
             ;
             withdrew
             himself
             opportunely
             to
             his
             Castle
             of
             Pomfret
             ,
             where
             he
             stood
             upon
             his
             guard
             ,
             till
             by
             the
             laborious
             travel
             and
             powerful
             intercession
             of
             the
             Kings
             Mother
             (
             tho
             by
             reason
             of
             her
             Corpulency
             she
             was
             most
             un-fit
             for
             such
             an
             Imployment
             )
             the
             King
             was
             pacified
             ,
             and
             reconciled
             to
             the
             Duke
             .
          
           
             The
             Scots
             still
             meditating
             Revenge
             and
             the
             French
             King
             still
             ready
             to
             foment
             the
             quarrel
             ,
             prepared
             for
             a
             fresh
             Invasion
             of
             England
             ,
             and
             receiving
             auxiliary
             Ayds
             of
             great
             Number
             and
             strength
             from
             the
             French
             ,
             once
             more
             entred
             the
             English
             Borders
             .
             King
             Richard
             receiving
             Advertisement
             of
             it
             ,
             with
             great
             Speed
             rais'd
             a
             mighty
             Army
             ,
             and
             marching
             in
             Person
             at
             the
             Head
             of
             them
             ,
             entered
             Scotland
             ,
             burnt
             Edingburgh
             proceeding
             without
             Control
             ,
             but
             could
             by
             no
             means
             draw
             the
             Scots
             to
             Battle
             ;
             they
             in
             the
             mean
             Time
             to
             divert
             the
             Kings
             progress
             ,
             
             made
             a
             descent
             into
             Cumberland
             ,
             and
             Besieged
             Carlisle
             ;
             to
             the
             relief
             of
             which
             the
             King
             approaching
             with
             so
             formidable
             an
             Army
             ,
             obliged
             the
             Scots
             to
             retreat
             into
             their
             own
             Country
             ,
             and
             upon
             their
             Recess
             the
             King
             returned
             into
             England
             ,
             bringing
             with
             him
             neither
             Honour
             nor
             Advantage
             by
             so
             fruitless
             an
             Expedition
             .
          
           
             After
             these
             things
             (
             and
             some
             other
             passages
             not
             so
             directly
             appertaining
             to
             the
             History
             of
             his
             Life
             )
             King
             Richard
             began
             to
             hasten
             his
             own
             Destiny
             ,
             and
             by
             Imprudent
             Actions
             ,
             pernicious
             Counsels
             ,
             
               and
               an
               Arbitrary
               Assertion
               of
               his
               indisputable
               Prerogative
               ,
            
             to
             kindle
             those
             Flames
             of
             Mutiny
             ,
             and
             Discontent
             ,
             which
             never
             were
             extinguish'd
             ,
             but
             at
             the
             Expence
             of
             his
             own
             Blood
             ,
             and
             the
             Loss
             of
             his
             Crown
             .
             
               Robert
               Vere
            
             Earl
             of
             Oxford
             and
             Marquiss
             of
             Dublin
             was
             his
             Darling
             ,
             and
             
               Michael
               de
               la
               Pool
            
             was
             his
             Favorite
             :
             The
             first
             
             a
             Gentleman
             of
             commendable
             good
             Parts
             ,
             he
             created
             Duke
             of
             Ireland
             (
             tho
             he
             himself
             was
             but
             Lord
             of
             it
             )
             the
             other
             a
             man
             of
             mean
             extraction
             ,
             he
             made
             Earl
             of
             Suffolk
             ,
             and
             Chancellour
             of
             England
             ;
             both
             very
             obnoxious
             ,
             and
             not
             accomplish'd
             with
             such
             Merits
             ,
             as
             might
             advance
             them
             in
             Titles
             ,
             or
             Offices
             beyond
             the
             Ancient
             Nobility
             ,
             without
             Envy
             ,
             or
             Obloquy
             .
             These
             Wicked
             Counsellors
             set
             a
             false
             Glass
             before
             the
             short
             sighted
             King
             ,
             and
             abused
             him
             with
             erroneous
             representations
             of
             his
             own
             sufficiency
             ,
             
               absolute
               Authority
            
             ,
             and
             uncontrollable
             Power
             :
             Insomuch
             that
             in
             a
             Parliament
             then
             call'd
             ,
             the
             King
             began
             sharply
             to
             expostulate
             with
             the
             Lords
             ,
             and
             by
             an
             undecent
             Comparison
             with
             the
             Freedom
             of
             their
             Tenures
             ,
             to
             Challenge
             to
             himself
             an
             unquestionable
             liberty
             .
             This
             haughty
             Carriage
             of
             the
             King
             ,
             exasperated
             the
             
             Parliament
             ,
             and
             fermented
             them
             to
             such
             a
             degree
             of
             dissatisfaction
             ,
             that
             instead
             of
             consenting
             to
             grant
             him
             a
             Subsidy
             toward
             his
             Wars
             ,
             they
             fell
             foul
             upon
             the
             
               New
               Chancellour
            
             ,
             and
             never
             gave
             him
             over
             ,
             till
             they
             obtain'd
             a
             severe
             Judgment
             against
             him
             to
             the
             Forfeitures
             of
             his
             Life
             ,
             and
             the
             Confiscation
             of
             his
             Estate
             .
             The
             adverse
             Party
             were
             highly
             nettled
             at
             these
             proceedings
             ,
             and
             being
             push'd
             on
             by
             Revenge
             ,
             and
             Malice
             ,
             they
             combined
             in
             a
             horrid
             Design
             to
             Murther
             the
             Duke
             of
             Gloucester
             ,
             and
             such
             other
             Lords
             as
             cross'd
             the
             King
             in
             his
             extravagant
             Courses
             ;
             which
             Flagitious
             Plot
             was
             to
             be
             perpetrated
             upon
             an
             invitation
             of
             them
             to
             a
             Supper
             in
             London
             :
             Sir
             
               Nicholas
               Brember
            
             the
             former
             Lord
             Mayor
             was
             a
             prime
             Instrument
             in
             this
             Enterprise
             ;
             but
             the
             King
             imparting
             this
             matter
             to
             
               Richard
               Exton
            
             the
             present
             Mayor
             ,
             and
             
             endeavouring
             to
             make
             him
             an
             Accomplice
             in
             the
             Action
             ,
             he
             would
             by
             no
             perswasions
             be
             induced
             to
             consent
             to
             so
             vile
             an
             Attempt
             ,
             and
             thereupon
             they
             desisted
             from
             the
             further
             prosecution
             of
             it
             .
             Notwithstanding
             this
             ,
             and
             many
             other
             untoward
             passages
             ,
             a
             Subsidy
             was
             granted
             to
             the
             King
             under
             certain
             Limitations
             ;
             but
             the
             Parliament
             were
             so
             disgusted
             ;
             because
             the
             King
             had
             respited
             the
             Execution
             of
             the
             Judgment
             against
             the
             Chancellour
             ,
             that
             they
             positively
             declared
             ,
             unless
             the
             Chancellour
             were
             removed
             they
             would
             proceed
             no
             farther
             in
             a
             Parliamentary
             Course
             .
             The
             King
             hereupon
             grew
             Cholerick
             ,
             and
             plainly
             told
             them
             ,
             he
             would
             rather
             apply
             himself
             to
             the
             French
             King
             for
             Assistance
             ,
             than
             submit
             to
             his
             Subjects
             :
             Yet
             upon
             good
             Reasons
             offer'd
             by
             the
             Lords
             ,
             a
             great
             change
             was
             made
             in
             the
             Ministers
             of
             State
             ,
             and
             particularly
             the
             Chancellour
             was
             
             removed
             :
             and
             so
             desirous
             were
             the
             Lords
             and
             Commons
             to
             have
             the
             Duke
             of
             
               Ireland
               excluded
            
             from
             the
             
               Kings
               Presence
            
             ,
             that
             they
             were
             content
             he
             should
             receive
             thirty
             Thousand
             Marks
             ,
             on
             condition
             he
             would
             transport
             himself
             into
             Ireland
             .
             But
             no
             sooner
             was
             the
             Parliament
             dissolved
             ,
             but
             the
             King
             recanted
             all
             his
             condecensions
             ,
             revoked
             all
             Orders
             against
             the
             Chancellour
             ,
             the
             Duke
             of
             Ireland
             ,
             and
             the
             rest
             ,
             and
             received
             then
             into
             higher
             Favour
             ,
             than
             they
             were
             in
             before
             .
             And
             tho'
             the
             Earls
             of
             Arundel
             and
             Nottingham
             performed
             a
             Noble
             exploit
             ,
             hardly
             to
             be
             parallel'd
             in
             History
             ,
             yet
             their
             Service
             was
             disregarded
             ,
             and
             their
             persons
             slighted
             ,
             because
             the
             Duke
             of
             Ireland
             gave
             them
             no
             countenance
             :
             By
             whose
             contrivance
             a
             New
             Plot
             was
             laid
             to
             destroy
             the
             Duke
             of
             Gloucester
             ,
             and
             the
             easie
             King
             surrounded
             with
             Parasites
             and
             corrupt
             Judges
             ,
             suffer'd
             them
             to
             
             pursue
             their
             extravagant
             practices
             ,
             and
             Two
             Thousand
             Persons
             were
             at
             once
             indicted
             before
             Sir
             
               Robert
               Tresilian
               the
               Chief
               Justice
            
             .
             He
             then
             
               propounded
               certain
               Queries
            
             to
             
               Robert
               Belknap
            
             Lord
             Chief
             Justice
             and
             other
             Judges
             ,
             which
             they
             soon
             resolved
             ,
             in
             defiance
             
               of
               the
               Law
            
             ,
             and
             the
             priviledges
             of
             Parliament
             .
             And
             notwithstanding
             he
             stood
             in
             such
             ill
             Terms
             with
             his
             people
             ,
             yet
             a
             way
             was
             found
             
               to
               pack
               Juries
            
             in
             London
             ,
             and
             Indictments
             were
             found
             of
             many
             Crimes
             
               against
               some
               of
               the
               Lords
            
             :
             Whom
             having
             a
             design
             to
             persecute
             ,
             he
             summon'd
             the
             Judges
             ,
             Justices
             ,
             and
             Sheriffs
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             ,
             that
             he
             might
             be
             informed
             ,
             what
             power
             of
             Men
             they
             could
             assure
             him
             of
             ,
             to
             serve
             him
             against
             the
             Lords
             :
             
               And
               intending
               shortly
               to
               call
               a
               Parliament
               ,
            
             he
             tamper'd
             with
             them
             to
             have
             no
             Knight
             or
             Burgess
             chosen
             ,
             but
             such
             as
             the
             King
             and
             his
             Council
             should
             Name
             .
             But
             finding
             by
             the
             
             Answer
             of
             the
             Sheriffs
             ,
             that
             they
             could
             not
             raise
             any
             Forces
             upon
             such
             a
             pretence
             ,
             nor
             infringe
             the
             Ancient
             
               Liberty
               in
               Elections
            
             to
             Parliament
             ;
             the
             King
             and
             the
             Duke
             of
             Ireland
             sent
             into
             all
             parts
             to
             raise
             men
             in
             this
             Quarrel
             against
             the
             Lords
             ,
             consulting
             on
             some
             Devices
             how
             to
             intrap
             them
             .
             The
             Duke
             of
             Gloucester
             being
             advertised
             of
             this
             ,
             had
             a
             secret
             Conference
             with
             the
             rest
             ,
             and
             assembling
             a
             numerous
             Body
             of
             Men
             ,
             stood
             upon
             their
             Guard
             ,
             and
             sent
             Commissioners
             to
             the
             King
             ,
             requiring
             such
             Traytors
             and
             Seducers
             as
             were
             about
             his
             Person
             ,
             to
             be
             delivered
             up
             to
             them
             .
             The
             King
             was
             advised
             by
             the
             Duke
             of
             Ireland
             ,
             the
             Earl
             of
             Suffolk
             ,
             and
             others
             about
             him
             ,
             to
             offer
             Calice
             to
             the
             French
             King
             ,
             to
             procure
             his
             Assistance
             against
             the
             Lords
             ;
             and
             with
             all
             sent
             to
             the
             Mayor
             of
             London
             ,
             requiring
             to
             make
             an
             estimate
             of
             how
             many
             able
             men
             might
             be
             rais'd
             
             in
             the
             City
             ,
             who
             making
             Tryal
             of
             what
             could
             be
             done
             on
             such
             occasion
             ,
             received
             this
             Answer
             from
             the
             People
             ,
             that
             
               they
               would
               never
               fight
               against
               the
               Kings
               Friends
               ,
               and
               Defenders
               of
               the
               Realm
               .
            
             In
             the
             mean
             time
             the
             Earl
             of
             Northumberland
             interposed
             with
             his
             advice
             ,
             and
             perswaded
             the
             King
             to
             send
             for
             the
             Lords
             under
             safe
             Conduct
             ,
             and
             friendly
             to
             expostulate
             with
             them
             ;
             to
             which
             the
             Lords
             consented
             ,
             upon
             Oath
             given
             by
             the
             Arch-Bishop
             of
             Canterbury
             ,
             and
             the
             Lord
             Chancellour
             ,
             that
             no
             Fraud
             ,
             or
             evil
             practice
             should
             be
             used
             against
             them
             :
             But
             being
             ready
             to
             come
             according
             to
             appointment
             ,
             they
             received
             intimation
             of
             an
             Ambush
             laid
             to
             intrap
             them
             ,
             and
             so
             desisted
             .
             If
             the
             King
             was
             privy
             to
             this
             Plot
             ,
             he
             was
             guilty
             of
             an
             Action
             most
             unworthy
             of
             a
             Prince
             :
             But
             the
             Conspirators
             were
             certainly
             known
             ,
             yet
             not
             call'd
             
             to
             Account
             for
             it
             .
             After
             this
             ,
             upon
             a
             more
             secure
             Conduct
             from
             the
             King
             ,
             the
             Lords
             presented
             themselves
             before
             him
             ,
             and
             after
             some
             cholerick
             contest
             a
             Reconciliation
             was
             made
             ,
             and
             it
             was
             concluded
             that
             all
             matters
             should
             be
             heard
             and
             regulated
             in
             a
             Parliament
             ,
             speedily
             to
             be
             call'd
             .
             Hereupon
             the
             Favorite-Lords
             were
             highly
             dissatisfy'd
             ,
             and
             plainly
             told
             the
             King
             ,
             they
             would
             not
             hazard
             their
             appearance
             at
             such
             a
             meeting
             ;
             and
             so
             the
             Duke
             of
             Ireland
             ,
             and
             the
             rest
             of
             that
             Faction
             withdrew
             from
             Court
             ,
             and
             absconded
             .
             But
             the
             King
             not
             able
             to
             brook
             their
             absence
             ,
             ordered
             an
             Army
             to
             be
             rais'd
             for
             the
             safeguard
             of
             the
             Duke
             of
             Ireland
             ,
             and
             to
             reconduct
             him
             to
             his
             Presence
             ;
             who
             being
             encounter'd
             on
             the
             way
             by
             the
             Earl
             of
             Derby
             ,
             he
             fled
             and
             escaped
             by
             leaping
             into
             a
             River
             ,
             but
             after
             two
             or
             three
             years
             dy'd
             miserably
             in
             a
             foreign
             Country
             .
          
           
           
             And
             now
             the
             Lords
             ,
             having
             got
             matter
             enough
             against
             the
             King
             ,
             at
             least
             to
             justifie
             their
             taking
             up
             Armes
             ,
             march'd
             directly
             to
             London
             with
             forty
             thousand
             men
             ,
             and
             some
             of
             them
             going
             to
             the
             King
             in
             the
             Tower
             ,
             they
             shew'd
             him
             
               the
               very
               Letter
            
             which
             
               he
               had
               writ
            
             to
             the
             Duke
             of
             
               Ireland
               ,
               to
               levy
               an
               Army
            
             for
             their
             destruction
             ;
             as
             also
             
               the
               Letters
               writ
               to
               him
               by
               the
            
             French
             King
             ,
             importing
             a
             safe
             Conduct
             for
             him
             to
             come
             into
             France
             ,
             there
             to
             do
             Acts
             tending
             to
             his
             own
             dishonour
             ,
             and
             the
             prejudice
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             ;
             which
             being
             done
             ,
             they
             civilly
             retreated
             ,
             upon
             the
             Kings
             
               promise
               to
               come
               next
               day
               to
            
             Westminster
             ,
             to
             concert
             all
             matters
             ;
             but
             
               the
               fickle
               King
               alter'd
               his
               mind
               ,
               before
               he
               went
               to
               Bed
               ,
            
             and
             discover'd
             his
             purpose
             to
             avoid
             the
             meeting
             next
             day
             .
             The
             Lords
             being
             advertis'd
             of
             this
             ,
             sent
             a
             peremptory
             message
             to
             him
             ,
             That
             if
             he
             did
             not
             come
             according
             
             to
             his
             promise
             ,
             they
             would
             choose
             another
             King
             ,
             that
             should
             hearken
             to
             the
             faithful
             Counsel
             of
             his
             Lords
             .
             The
             King
             sensibly
             touch'd
             with
             this
             sharp
             message
             ,
             gave
             them
             a
             meeting
             ,
             and
             they
             positively
             insisting
             that
             the
             Traytors
             so
             often
             complain'd
             of
             ,
             should
             be
             removed
             from
             the
             Court
             ,
             he
             at
             last
             with
             much
             reluctancy
             consented
             to
             their
             Desires
             ,
             and
             so
             the
             whole
             Nest
             of
             Vipers
             was
             dissipated
             ,
             some
             expell'd
             the
             Court
             ,
             some
             bound
             by
             good
             Sureties
             to
             appear
             and
             answer
             ,
             and
             some
             committed
             to
             Prison
             .
             When
             the
             Parliament
             met
             ,
             they
             proceeded
             roundly
             ,
             the
             
               corrupt
               Judges
               were
               arrested
            
             in
             their
             Seats
             of
             Judicature
             ,
             and
             carried
             
               to
               the
               Tower
            
             ,
             for
             acting
             contrary
             to
             the
             Agreement
             made
             in
             the
             preceding
             Parliament
             ;
             the
             Duke
             of
             Ireland
             ,
             and
             the
             rest
             of
             that
             Crew
             ,
             cited
             to
             appear
             and
             answer
             to
             certain
             Articles
             of
             High
             Treason
             ,
             and
             for
             non-appearance
             
             banish'd
             ,
             and
             their
             Lands
             and
             Goods
             seized
             to
             the
             Kings
             use
             ;
             Sir
             
               Robert
               Tresilian
            
             was
             hang'd
             ,
             Sir
             
               Nicholas
               Brember
            
             beheaded
             ,
             several
             others
             executed
             ,
             and
             the
             Judges
             condemned
             to
             die
             ,
             and
             the
             King
             obliged
             by
             Oath
             to
             stand
             to
             such
             order
             as
             the
             Lords
             should
             set
             down
             .
             Some
             years
             after
             ,
             upon
             a
             Riot
             committed
             in
             London
             ,
             the
             King
             seised
             on
             their
             Liberties
             ,
             and
             took
             away
             their
             Charter
             ,
             which
             could
             not
             be
             restored
             till
             they
             paid
             a
             Fine
             of
             ten
             thousand
             pounds
             .
          
           
             I
             intend
             a
             compendious
             Abstract
             ,
             and
             not
             a
             compleat
             History
             ;
             therefore
             I
             studiously
             omit
             the
             recital
             of
             many
             Transactions
             and
             Occurrences
             coincident
             with
             this
             relation
             ,
             as
             not
             having
             a
             direct
             and
             principal
             concernment
             in
             the
             Estate
             and
             Life
             of
             King
             Richard.
             Unstable
             Fortune
             had
             the
             Ascendent
             over
             all
             the
             Affairs
             of
             the
             poor
             King
             ,
             and
             the
             course
             of
             his
             Reign
             was
             imbroiled
             with
             a
             strange
             
             Vicissitude
             of
             prosperous
             and
             adverse
             Accidents
             .
             The
             Duke
             of
             Gloucester
             ,
             and
             other
             Lords
             ,
             entring
             into
             a
             combination
             to
             seise
             upon
             the
             King
             ,
             the
             Plot
             was
             detected
             ,
             and
             their
             lives
             taken
             away
             for
             the
             assurance
             of
             his
             safety
             .
             A
             Parliament
             was
             call'd
             ,
             wholly
             conformable
             to
             the
             Kings
             will
             ,
             they
             that
             opposed
             him
             were
             banish'd
             ,
             confiscated
             ,
             and
             executed
             ,
             and
             the
             whole
             power
             of
             it
             devolved
             on
             a
             certain
             select
             number
             of
             Commissioners
             ,
             to
             the
             great
             prejudice
             of
             the
             State
             ,
             and
             a
             dangerous
             example
             to
             future
             Times
             :
             a
             Pardon
             was
             granted
             to
             all
             the
             Subjects
             ,
             except
             fifty
             ,
             whose
             Names
             not
             being
             expressed
             ,
             he
             kept
             the
             Nobility
             under
             an
             awe
             ,
             that
             if
             any
             of
             them
             offended
             him
             ,
             they
             might
             come
             under
             the
             notion
             of
             exempted
             persons
             ;
             and
             thus
             the
             King
             seem'd
             secure
             against
             all
             mischances
             .
          
           
           
             But
             an
             unforeseen
             Accident
             ,
             grounded
             on
             a
             very
             slight
             occasion
             ,
             produced
             an
             extraordinàry
             Revolution
             ,
             by
             which
             the
             whole
             frame
             of
             Government
             was
             unhinged
             ,
             and
             that
             
               Cloud
               which
               at
               first
               appear'd
               but
               of
               the
               bigness
               of
               a
               hand
               ,
            
             soon
             overspread
             the
             sky
             ,
             and
             dissolved
             in
             a
             tempestuous
             shower
             of
             Blood.
             The
             Duke
             of
             Hereford
             was
             banish'd
             the
             Kingdom
             for
             six
             years
             ,
             and
             several
             Persons
             of
             Note
             and
             Quality
             ,
             either
             by
             voluntary
             withdrawing
             ,
             or
             a
             compulsory
             Exile
             ,
             went
             beyond
             the
             Seas
             .
             The
             Duke
             within
             a
             short
             time
             was
             advertis'd
             that
             his
             Father
             was
             dead
             (
             and
             thereby
             he
             became
             Duke
             of
             Lancaster
             )
             and
             that
             King
             Richard
             had
             seised
             into
             his
             hands
             all
             the
             Estate
             descended
             to
             him
             by
             his
             Fathers
             death
             .
             And
             meeting
             often
             with
             the
             Archbishop
             of
             Canterbury
             ,
             then
             in
             Exile
             ,
             and
             mutually
             lamenting
             the
             deplorable
             condition
             of
             England
             ,
             the
             enormous
             actions
             of
             the
             
             King
             ,
             and
             the
             Impossibllity
             of
             ever
             reclaiming
             him
             ;
             they
             began
             to
             enter
             into
             Consulation
             ,
             by
             what
             means
             best
             to
             get
             him
             removed
             ;
             and
             in
             the
             very
             Nick
             ,
             Solicitations
             came
             from
             several
             Parts
             of
             England
             to
             urge
             the
             Duke
             to
             hasten
             over
             ,
             and
             to
             take
             the
             Government
             upon
             him
             ,
             promising
             all
             ready
             Assistance
             to
             that
             work
             The
             Duke
             presently
             grasp'd
             the
             Opportunity
             ,
             and
             without
             further
             Deliberation
             prepared
             for
             his
             Return
             ,
             and
             with
             a
             very
             few
             Lords
             and
             Gentlemen
             ,
             and
             about
             threescore
             Persons
             presently
             put
             to
             Sea
             ,
             and
             landed
             in
             York-shire
             ,
             which
             was
             no
             sooner
             known
             but
             several
             Lords
             ,
             and
             
               great
               Numbers
               of
               the
               Gentry
               and
               Common
               sort
               ,
            
             flockt
             into
             him
             .
             And
             tho
             he
             was
             invited
             to
             come
             and
             take
             the
             Government
             upon
             him
             ,
             yet
             he
             pretended
             no
             other
             cause
             ,
             but
             to
             take
             Possession
             of
             the
             Inheritance
             ,
             descended
             from
             his
             Father
             ,
             and
             most
             unjustly
             seized
             and
             
             detain'd
             by
             King
             
               Richard.
               His
               Forces
               increased
               dayly
            
             ,
             and
             a
             mighty
             Army
             was
             got
             together
             ,
             and
             all
             the
             
               Kings
               Castles
               forthwith
               surrendred
               to
               him
               ,
            
             many
             of
             the
             Kings
             Friends
             were
             Arrested
             ,
             and
             some
             put
             to
             death
             .
             All
             this
             while
             King
             Richard
             was
             in
             Ireland
             and
             for
             six
             weeks
             (
             by
             reason
             of
             contrary
             Winds
             )
             had
             no
             Notice
             of
             the
             Dukes
             Landing
             :
             After
             which
             time
             wasting
             many
             daies
             in
             a
             dilatory
             Preparation
             ,
             he
             landed
             in
             Wales
             ;
             but
             hearing
             that
             all
             the
             Castles
             from
             the
             Borders
             of
             Scotland
             ,
             and
             Bristol
             ,
             were
             delivered
             up
             to
             the
             Duke
             of
             Lancaster
             ,
             that
             the
             greatest
             Part
             of
             the
             
               Nobility
               and
               Commons
            
             were
             joynd
             with
             him
             ,
             and
             his
             principal
             Counsellors
             taken
             and
             executed
             ;
             he
             fell
             into
             absolute
             Despair
             ,
             
               dismissed
               his
               Army
            
             ,
             bidding
             every
             one
             to
             shift
             for
             himself
             ,
             and
             the
             next
             Night
             stole
             away
             ,
             and
             got
             to
             the
             Castle
             of
             Couwey
             .
             The
             Duke
             proceeded
             on
             his
             March
             ,
             and
             every
             
             day
             some
             
               Lords
               and
               Gentlemen
            
             of
             account
             came
             in
             to
             him
             ,
             and
             having
             proferred
             Conditions
             to
             the
             King
             with
             which
             he
             seem'd
             to
             be
             content
             he
             agreed
             to
             meet
             the
             Duke
             ,
             but
             upon
             his
             Journy
             was
             seis'd
             by
             an
             Ambush
             laid
             for
             him
             ,
             and
             carried
             to
             Flint-Castle
             .
             Thither
             the
             Duke
             came
             ,
             and
             carri'd
             the
             King
             with
             him
             by
             easie
             Journeys
             ,
             to
             London
             ,
             and
             the
             next
             Day
             lodged
             him
             in
             the
             Tower.
             Presently
             a
             Parliament
             was
             called
             by
             the
             Duke
             ,
             but
             in
             the
             Name
             of
             King
             Richard
             ,
             aad
             many
             heynous
             
               Crimes
               laid
               to
               his
               Charge
            
             ,
             ingrost
             and
             sum'd
             up
             in
             three
             and
             thirty
             Articles
             for
             which
             the
             Parliament
             adjudg'd
             him
             to
             be
             deposed
             from
             all
             Kingly
             Honour
             ,
             and
             Princely
             Government
             ;
             thereupon
             the
             King
             by
             a
             formal
             Instrument
             made
             a
             Solemn
             Resignation
             of
             his
             Crown
             and
             Authority
             ,
             making
             it
             his
             Request
             that
             the
             Duke
             of
             Lancaster
             might
             be
             his
             Successor
             ,
             and
             
             in
             token
             thereof
             taking
             the
             signet
             from
             his
             Finger
             and
             puting
             it
             upon
             that
             of
             the
             Dukes
             :
             Which
             being
             reported
             to
             the
             Parliament
             ,
             they
             approved
             of
             it
             and
             appointed
             the
             Sentence
             of
             his
             Deposition
             to
             be
             publickly
             proclamed
             .
          
           
             We
             have
             followed
             this
             most
             unfortunate
             Prince
             to
             the
             last
             Scene
             of
             his
             Life
             ;
             but
             the
             manner
             of
             his
             death
             is
             so
             variously
             reported
             ,
             that
             it
             is
             hard
             to
             pitch
             upon
             that
             Author
             ,
             on
             whose
             credit
             we
             may
             safely
             rely
             .
             It
             is
             most
             certain
             that
             he
             did
             not
             long
             Survive
             his
             Resignation
             ,
             but
             being
             carried
             to
             Leeds
             ,
             and
             from
             thence
             to
             Pomfret
             ,
             soon
             after
             a
             Period
             was
             put
             to
             his
             Life
             ,
             and
             Miseryes
             together
             ,
             in
             the
             three
             and
             thirtieth
             year
             of
             his
             Age.
             
          
           
             If
             he
             did
             not
             imitate
             ,
             his
             Father
             ;
             yet
             he
             resembled
             His
             Mother
             ,
             and
             was
             the
             Goodliest
             Person
             alive
             .
             His
             Disposition
             was
             good
             ;
             but
             corrupted
             
             by
             Education
             ,
             his
             Inclinations
             prompted
             him
             to
             Vertue
             ,
             but
             were
             perverted
             by
             Flatterrers
             ,
             and
             
               Evil
               Counsellors
            
             .
             Crafty
             men
             made
             Advantage
             of
             his
             Credulity
             ;
             and
             he
             was
             ruined
             by
             too
             strict
             a
             Constancy
             .
             If
             he
             had
             not
             been
             deficient
             to
             himself
             ;
             his
             Opposer
             had
             not
             so
             easily
             prevail'd
             ,
             his
             Timidity
             apeared
             in
             not
             fighting
             for
             his
             Crown
             ,
             his
             Moderation
             in
             the
             Surrendred
             of
             it
             ,
             and
             his
             Courage
             in
             surviving
             the
             Loss
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             THE
             LIFE
             and
             REIGN
             OF
             CHARLES
             the
             Second
             .
          
           
             IAm
             now
             ingaged
             in
             a
             difficult
             Task
             ,
             divided
             between
             Truth
             and
             Respect
             ,
             being
             to
             describe
             the
             Life
             of
             a
             Prince
             ,
             who
             (
             contrary
             to
             the
             custom
             of
             the
             World
             )
             was
             better
             spoken
             of
             
               while
               he
               lived
            
             ,
             than
             he
             has
             been
             
               since
               his
               Death
            
             .
             His
             Fame
             had
             suffer'd
             a
             great
             diminution
             by
             succeeding
             so
             admirable
             a
             Father
             ;
             had
             it
             not
             recover'd
             by
             the
             prospect
             of
             such
             a
             Brother
             ,
             who
             was
             to
             be
             his
             Successor
             .
             If
             in
             the
             Lives
             of
             former
             Kings
             any
             mistake
             was
             committed
             ,
             the
             Records
             and
             Ancient
             
             Writers
             must
             vouch
             the
             Relation
             ,
             and
             the
             present
             Age
             cannot
             confute
             it
             :
             But
             to
             give
             an
             Account
             of
             a
             Life
             so
             lately
             ended
             ,
             requires
             an
             exactness
             beyond
             my
             Reach
             ,
             wherein
             the
             least
             Trip
             overthrows
             the
             Credit
             of
             the
             Reporter
             .
             To
             enumerate
             the
             Vertues
             of
             a
             Prince
             ,
             without
             taking
             notice
             of
             his
             Failings
             ,
             is
             but
             to
             flatter
             his
             memory
             ,
             and
             deceive
             Posterity
             ;
             to
             reckon
             up
             his
             Vices
             ,
             without
             intermingling
             the
             mention
             of
             his
             laudable
             Actions
             ,
             is
             but
             so
             sully
             his
             Fame
             ,
             and
             deduce
             no
             Benefit
             to
             the
             Curiosity
             of
             Observers
             .
             I
             resolve
             to
             tread
             lightly
             on
             his
             Grave
             ,
             and
             not
             press
             too
             hard
             upon
             the
             Heels
             of
             Truth
             .
             I
             may
             pursue
             my
             Topic
             ,
             in
             recounting
             the
             Instances
             which
             justly
             denominate
             him
             unfortunate
             ,
             and
             Note
             the
             Errors
             of
             his
             Government
             ,
             without
             reflection
             on
             his
             Person
             .
          
           
             That
             he
             was
             of
             extraordinary
             Parts
             ,
             that
             he
             had
             a
             quick
             mercurial
             
             Wit
             ,
             a
             great
             insight
             into
             the
             liberal
             Sciences
             ,
             and
             even
             the
             mechanical
             Arts
             no
             man
             will
             deny
             :
             He
             had
             a
             piercing
             ,
             if
             not
             a
             solid
             Judgment
             ,
             his
             intellect
             was
             comprehensive
             ,
             if
             not
             profound
             .
          
           
             His
             Lenity
             and
             Clemency
             were
             very
             conspicuous
             ,
             and
             recommended
             him
             to
             the
             Love
             ,
             and
             Praise
             of
             the
             Spectators
             ;
             yet
             it
             so
             fell
             out
             ,
             that
             such
             egregious
             Acts
             of
             Severity
             and
             Injustice
             were
             exercised
             upon
             all
             sorts
             of
             men
             ,
             as
             will
             puzzle
             Posterity
             to
             comprehend
             the
             meaning
             .
          
           
             In
             his
             time
             no
             Man
             had
             the
             Reason
             to
             set
             a
             Value
             on
             himself
             for
             any
             promotion
             ,
             nor
             no
             man
             had
             cause
             to
             despair
             of
             a
             preferment
             :
             The
             Cards
             were
             daily
             shuffled
             ,
             and
             unexpected
             chance
             turn'd
             up
             the
             Trump
             .
          
           
             Upon
             all
             occasions
             he
             profest
             a
             great
             Zeal
             for
             the
             Protestant
             Religion
             ,
             yet
             every
             day
             that
             profession
             lost
             ground
             .
             Popery
             was
             not
             allow'd
             
             yet
             it
             hover'd
             among
             us
             :
             The
             Frogs
             did
             not
             cover
             the
             Land
             ,
             yet
             the
             Jesuitical
             Vermin
             swarm'd
             in
             every
             Corner
             :
             Tho'
             the
             Papists
             were
             not
             shelter'd
             by
             a
             legal
             Indemnity
             ,
             yet
             they
             grew
             numerous
             and
             confident
             upon
             the
             expectation
             of
             an
             approaching
             Jublie
             .
          
           
             His
             Brother
             and
             Successour
             had
             a
             mighty
             Ascendent
             over
             his
             Genius
             ,
             catching
             at
             all
             opportunities
             to
             gratifie
             his
             Ambition
             ,
             and
             propagate
             the
             Faith
             ;
             while
             the
             other
             indulged
             himself
             in
             pleasure
             ,
             and
             avoided
             the
             fatigue
             of
             Government
             .
          
           
             There
             are
             so
             many
             living
             Monuments
             of
             his
             Incontinency
             ,
             that
             if
             I
             forbear
             to
             mention
             it
             ,
             I
             shall
             render
             the
             Truth
             and
             Impartiality
             of
             my
             other
             Remarks
             suspected
             .
             It
             is
             usual
             with
             Kings
             and
             Princes
             to
             prosecute
             prohibited
             Amours
             ,
             but
             so
             great
             was
             his
             generosity
             ,
             that
             he
             thought
             it
             a
             disparagment
             to
             manage
             a
             
               secret
               Intrigue
            
             .
             
             His
             Liberality
             was
             so
             extraordinary
             ,
             that
             he
             spared
             not
             to
             give
             a
             Thousand
             years
             purchase
             for
             a
             
               Moments
               Fruition
            
             .
          
           
             He
             lost
             the
             
               Love
               of
               his
               Friends
            
             ,
             by
             too
             fond
             
               a
               Love
               of
               his
               Brother
            
             ;
             and
             by
             too
             stiff
             a
             Refusal
             to
             consent
             to
             his
             Exclusion
             ,
             he
             endanger'd
             the
             Interest
             of
             his
             Family
             ,
             and
             gave
             a
             shock
             to
             Monarchy
             it self
             .
          
           
             The
             first
             and
             greatest
             misfortune
             that
             befell
             Charles
             the
             Second
             was
             ,
             the
             Cruel
             and
             Ignominious
             Death
             of
             his
             Father
             ,
             that
             incomparable
             Charles
             the
             First
             ,
             Sentenced
             to
             die
             ,
             and
             publickly
             Executed
             before
             his
             own
             Palace
             ,
             by
             a
             Jancto
             of
             flagitious
             men
             ,
             garbled
             out
             of
             a
             Parliament
             by
             the
             Usurper
             .
             From
             his
             Fathers
             Martyrdom
             to
             his
             own
             Restauration
             ,
             was
             one
             continued
             Scene
             of
             misery
             ,
             and
             sorrow
             .
             In
             the
             year
             1648
             Charles
             the
             First
             was
             deprived
             of
             Life
             by
             his
             
               Evil
               Subjests
            
             ,
             his
             Friends
             looking
             
             on
             ,
             and
             not
             able
             to
             prevent
             it
             :
             In
             the
             year
             1660.
             
             Charles
             the
             Second
             was
             brought
             to
             the
             Throne
             by
             his
             
               Good
               Subjects
            
             ,
             his
             Enemies
             looking
             on
             ,
             and
             not
             able
             to
             hinder
             it
             :
             The
             one
             an
             inhumane
             Action
             ,
             and
             unparallel'd
             ;
             the
             other
             wholly
             surprising
             ,
             and
             miraculous
             :
             In
             the
             one
             no
             Blood
             shed
             ,
             but
             that
             of
             the
             King
             himself
             ;
             in
             the
             other
             not
             one
             Drop
             of
             Blood
             drawn
             ,
             even
             of
             the
             meanest
             Subject
             .
          
           
             Charles
             the
             second
             was
             then
             beyond
             the
             Seas
             ,
             and
             succeeded
             immediately
             to
             the
             Right
             of
             three
             Kingdoms
             ,
             but
             did
             not
             actually
             possess
             them
             for
             many
             years
             .
             And
             now
             behold
             a
             King
             truly
             unfortunate
             !
             His
             Father
             barbarously
             destroy'd
             ,
             and
             he
             in
             no
             capacity
             to
             call
             to
             account
             the
             bloody
             Actors
             of
             that
             Tragedy
             ;
             three
             potent
             Kingdoms
             usurped
             by
             violence
             ,
             and
             by
             force
             detain'd
             from
             him
             ,
             and
             he
             not
             able
             to
             put
             in
             a
             claim
             
             for
             his
             Right
             ,
             or
             contend
             for
             the
             recovery
             :
             His
             Enemies
             insulting
             in
             their
             success
             ,
             abjuring
             his
             Title
             ,
             and
             metamorphosing
             a
             glorious
             Monarchy
             into
             an
             Anarchical
             Commonwealth
             :
             His
             Friends
             harassed
             ,
             imprison'd
             ,
             plunder'd
             ,
             sequestred
             ,
             executed
             ,
             no
             man
             daring
             to
             own
             his
             Allegiance
             ,
             or
             capable
             to
             contribute
             advice
             or
             aid
             toward
             his
             Restoration
             :
             Himself
             a
             deserted
             Exile
             ,
             wandring
             from
             one
             Princes
             Court
             to
             another
             to
             seek
             for
             shelter
             and
             subsistence
             ;
             while
             the
             subtle
             machinations
             of
             the
             Usurpers
             did
             not
             more
             sensibly
             aggravate
             ,
             and
             advance
             his
             unhappiness
             ,
             than
             the
             improsperous
             Attempts
             of
             his
             loyal
             Subjects
             to
             compass
             his
             Restitution
             .
             In
             Scotland
             the
             Heroick
             Acts
             of
             the
             most
             renown'd
             Marquis
             of
             Montross
             ,
             (
             who
             with
             an
             inconsiderable
             handful
             of
             men
             traversed
             the
             Kingdom
             ,
             and
             performed
             such
             Exploits
             ,
             as
             may
             justly
             denominate
             his
             History
             the
             
               Moral
               
               of
               a
               Romance
            
             )
             only
             ended
             in
             his
             destruction
             ,
             while
             he
             became
             a
             sacrifice
             to
             his
             Enemies
             implacable
             malice
             ,
             and
             a
             
               glorious
               Martyr
            
             for
             Loyalty
             ,
             but
             with
             an
             irreparable
             detriment
             to
             his
             Masters
             cause
             .
             In
             Ireland
             the
             most
             Noble
             Duke
             (
             then
             Marquis
             )
             of
             Ormond
             was
             so
             successful
             in
             his
             Undertakings
             ,
             that
             he
             had
             reduced
             the
             whole
             Kingdom
             to
             the
             obedience
             of
             the
             King
             ,
             except
             Dublin
             ,
             and
             London-Derry
             ,
             to
             the
             first
             of
             which
             having
             laid
             a
             close
             Siege
             ,
             and
             beleagured
             it
             with
             a
             Royal
             Camp
             ,
             he
             was
             disarry'd
             by
             a
             fatal
             Sally
             from
             the
             Town
             ,
             his
             Army
             totally
             routed
             ,
             and
             himself
             obliged
             to
             a
             hasty
             and
             hazardous
             escape
             ;
             which
             disaster
             was
             follow'd
             by
             the
             Rendition
             of
             Drogheda
             ,
             and
             many
             other
             considerable
             Towns
             ,
             and
             after
             a
             faint
             Resistance
             the
             whole
             Kingdom
             was
             subjected
             to
             the
             Triumphant
             Conqueror
             ,
             and
             the
             Interest
             of
             the
             King
             wholly
             exterminated
             .
             
             England
             was
             so
             manacled
             with
             the
             Chains
             of
             an
             armed
             Power
             ,
             that
             they
             could
             not
             budge
             ;
             the
             Royal
             Party
             ,
             than
             call'd
             the
             Cavaliers
             ,
             were
             debar'd
             the
             liberty
             of
             meeting
             at
             home
             ,
             or
             stirring
             abroad
             ,
             their
             persons
             were
             disarm'd
             ,
             their
             Houses
             ransackt
             ,
             and
             their
             Estates
             brought
             into
             the
             unmerciful
             Inquisition
             at
             Goldsmiths
             Hall
             ;
             in
             some
             corners
             of
             the
             Land
             small
             Parties
             started
             up
             now
             and
             then
             to
             exert
             their
             Loyalty
             ,
             and
             manifest
             their
             Allegiance
             ,
             and
             the
             King
             was
             received
             into
             the
             Island
             of
             Jersey
             ,
             but
             by
             a
             Fleet
             sent
             thither
             by
             the
             Usurping
             power
             ,
             soon
             compell'd
             to
             forsake
             it
             ;
             so
             that
             these
             weak
             struglings
             like
             the
             last
             efforts
             of
             Nature
             ,
             tended
             only
             to
             diminish
             the
             number
             of
             the
             Kings
             Friends
             ,
             and
             to
             heighten
             his
             Infelicity
             .
             In
             the
             year
             1650
             ,
             the
             King
             was
             invited
             into
             Scotland
             ,
             landed
             there
             safely
             ,
             received
             with
             all
             the
             demonstrations
             of
             joy
             
             and
             satisfaction
             ,
             and
             solemnly
             proclaimed
             King.
             But
             to
             disturb
             his
             Tranquillity
             ,
             and
             interrupt
             the
             calm
             fruition
             of
             his
             new
             acquired
             Soveraignty
             ,
             Cromwell
             (
             that
             victorious
             Rebel
             ,
             who
             in
             the
             space
             of
             one
             year
             had
             reduced
             almost
             all
             the
             Garrisons
             in
             Ireland
             ,
             and
             Caesar-like
             made
             a
             compleat
             conquest
             of
             that
             Kingdom
             only
             by
             walking
             through
             it
             )
             is
             dispatcht
             into
             Scotland
             ,
             who
             in
             July
             entred
             that
             Country
             with
             an
             Army
             of
             sixteen
             thousand
             men
             effective
             ;
             the
             Scots
             were
             not
             idle
             on
             their
             side
             ,
             but
             form'd
             an
             Army
             consisting
             of
             six
             thousand
             Horse
             and
             Dragoons
             ,
             and
             fifteen
             thousand
             Foot
             ,
             a
             party
             of
             whom
             attempting
             to
             beat
             up
             the
             Enemies
             Quarters
             about
             Musleburgh
             ,
             surprised
             the
             Out
             guards
             ,
             and
             routed
             the
             first
             Regiment
             that
             opposed
             them
             ,
             but
             were
             so
             warmly
             received
             by
             the
             rest
             ,
             that
             the
             Commander
             being
             wounded
             ,
             the
             whole
             party
             was
             disorder'd
             ,
             
             and
             pursu'd
             to
             the
             Army
             ,
             and
             the
             whole
             Camp
             in
             danger
             of
             a
             surprisal
             ,
             had
             not
             the
             King
             himself
             unexpectedly
             appear'd
             in
             person
             ,
             and
             stemm'd
             the
             Torrent
             .
             But
             in
             September
             following
             hapned
             a
             fatal
             decision
             of
             the
             dispute
             at
             Dunbar
             ,
             where
             the
             Scots
             Army
             reinforced
             to
             above
             twenty
             thousand
             men
             ,
             and
             presuming
             on
             a
             certain
             Victory
             (
             having
             inclosed
             their
             Enemies
             beyond
             a
             probability
             of
             an
             escape
             )
             encountred
             the
             English
             Army
             ,
             then
             decreased
             to
             the
             number
             of
             twelve
             thousand
             ,
             and
             with
             much
             courage
             and
             gallantry
             charged
             them
             ;
             but
             the
             hand
             of
             God
             was
             in
             it
             ,
             their
             whole
             Army
             was
             routed
             ,
             four
             thousand
             slain
             ,
             and
             nine
             thousand
             taken
             Prisoners
             ,
             with
             the
             loss
             of
             three
             hundred
             on
             the
             Invaders
             side
             :
             After
             which
             the
             Kings
             Interest
             in
             Scotland
             declined
             daily
             ,
             the
             Enemy
             getting
             advantage
             by
             the
             Dissention
             between
             the
             Court
             and
             the
             Kirk-party
             ,
             
             and
             Cromwel
             by
             springing
             of
             Mines
             (
             but
             more
             by
             corrupting
             the
             Governour
             with
             money
             )
             had
             Edinburgh-Castle
             surrendred
             to
             him
             ,
             the
             taking
             of
             which
             was
             follow'd
             with
             the
             loss
             of
             many
             more
             Garrisons
             .
             Nevertheless
             the
             Scots
             were
             neither
             daunted
             in
             their
             Courage
             ,
             nor
             deficient
             in
             their
             Allegiance
             ,
             but
             proceeded
             to
             the
             Coronation
             of
             the
             King
             ,
             and
             he
             to
             the
             calling
             of
             a
             Parliament
             ,
             and
             having
             got
             together
             a
             good
             Body
             of
             an
             Army
             ,
             it
             was
             thought
             best
             that
             the
             King
             should
             give
             Cromwell
             the
             slip
             ,
             and
             make
             a
             sudden
             descent
             into
             England
             ,
             leaving
             him
             to
             take
             his
             swing
             and
             range
             through
             Scotland
             ;
             to
             make
             this
             Enterprise
             the
             more
             hopeful
             ,
             the
             Earl
             of
             Darby
             and
             many
             other
             Loyal
             persons
             began
             to
             peep
             out
             of
             their
             Recesses
             ,
             and
             to
             use
             all
             Expedition
             to
             joyn
             ;
             but
             
               a
               malignant
               Constellation
               still
               influenced
               K.
            
             Charles
             
               his
               Affairs
            
             ,
             some
             of
             his
             Abettors
             were
             
             intercepted
             ,
             some
             routed
             ,
             and
             the
             Earl
             of
             Darby
             ,
             discomfited
             ,
             and
             many
             Persons
             of
             Quality
             and
             resolution
             taken
             Prisoners
             .
             At
             last
             came
             on
             the
             dismal
             Ingagement
             at
             Worster
             ,
             that
             critical
             Arbiter
             of
             the
             Kings
             cause
             ,
             from
             whence
             we
             may
             date
             the
             depression
             of
             the
             Monarchy
             ,
             the
             exaltation
             of
             Anarchy
             ,
             and
             Confusion
             of
             Governments
             .
             I
             take
             no
             Pleasure
             in
             descanting
             too
             long
             on
             so
             unpleasant
             a
             Theme
             ;
             in
             a
             word
             the
             King
             was
             defeted
             ,
             his
             whole
             Army
             given
             up
             to
             death
             ,
             or
             captivity
             ,
             except
             a
             very
             few
             ,
             with
             whom
             he
             made
             his
             Escape
             ,
             and
             after
             some
             weeks
             spent
             in
             lurking
             ,
             disguising
             ,
             shifting
             ,
             and
             un-easy
             travelling
             ,
             he
             arrived
             safe
             in
             France
             .
             The
             King
             was
             now
             actually
             devested
             of
             his
             three
             Kingdoms
             ,
             his
             Enemies
             victorious
             ,
             in
             Possession
             of
             his
             Right
             ,
             and
             usurping
             the
             Regal
             Authority
             ,
             under
             the
             Disguise
             of
             other
             Appellations
             :
             &
             how
             soever
             
             the
             grand
             Apostates
             from
             Loyalty
             dayly
             crumbled
             into
             Factions
             ,
             and
             Divisions
             ,
             and
             the
             Supream
             Authority
             frequently
             changed
             its
             Dress
             ,
             and
             put
             on
             a
             new
             Face
             ;
             yet
             all
             concur'd
             in
             the
             detestation
             of
             King-Ship
             ,
             and
             an
             abjuring
             the
             Family
             of
             Stuart
             .
             To
             recount
             the
             transactions
             of
             the
             Junto
             at
             London
             ,
             or
             the
             Exploits
             of
             their
             Legions
             ,
             through
             all
             the
             Dominions
             subjected
             to
             the
             Common
             wealth
             of
             England
             ,
             might
             prove
             a
             tollerable
             Entertainment
             for
             the
             Reader
             ,
             but
             I
             have
             no
             Inclination
             to
             admire
             their
             Policy
             ,
             or
             cry
             up
             the
             Fame
             of
             the
             Protector
             :
             My
             Business
             is
             to
             observe
             the
             
               disastrous
               Fate
            
             of
             an
             Exil'd
             King
             ,
             and
             (
             there
             being
             yet
             no
             exact
             Memoirs
             transmitted
             to
             us
             of
             his
             Forrein
             Adventures
             )
             to
             Sum
             up
             
               his
               Misfortune
            
             in
             a
             nine
             years
             Banishment
             ,
             by
             noting
             how
             miserably
             he
             was
             abandond
             '
             ,
             thurst
             and
             kept
             out
             from
             the
             Possession
             of
             
               England
               ,
               Scotland
            
             ,
             
             and
             Ireland
             ,
             and
             all
             the
             Dominions
             and
             Territories
             belonging
             to
             them
             ,
             a
             Pensioner
             to
             Strangers
             ,
             and
             all
             Designs
             of
             his
             Friends
             at
             home
             ,
             or
             his
             Allies
             abroad
             frustrated
             ,
             and
             baffled
             .
          
           
             But
             when
             the
             Almighty
             Governor
             of
             the
             World
             had
             so
             long
             scourged
             the
             Royal
             Family
             ,
             as
             to
             his
             wisdom
             seem'd
             sufficient
             ,
             and
             all
             the
             Practices
             of
             human
             Strength
             and
             Invention
             were
             rendred
             ineffectual
             ;
             in
             a
             sudden
             and
             unexpected
             manner
             ;
             without
             Means
             ,
             without
             Contrivance
             ,
             without
             the
             Success
             of
             a
             Battle
             ,
             or
             the
             operation
             of
             any
             Stratagem
             ;
             the
             Repulican
             Babel
             was
             over
             turned
             ,
             the
             King
             restored
             ,
             and
             peaceably
             seated
             in
             the
             Throne
             of
             his
             Ancestors
             .
          
           
             From
             his
             Restoration
             he
             Reign'd
             more
             than
             twenty
             four
             years
             ,
             and
             I
             wish
             I
             could
             say
             happily
             .
             But
             not
             being
             blest
             with
             a
             legitimate
             Issue
             ,
             he
             was
             continually
             teas'd
             with
             the
             Incroachments
             of
             an
             impatient
             Heir
             :
             
             Having
             misapplied
             his
             Revenues
             (
             which
             were
             vastly
             increased
             beyond
             all
             that
             was
             given
             to
             his
             predecessors
             he
             was
             by
             his
             Necessities
             induced
             frequently
             to
             call
             Parliaments
             ,
             and
             by
             his
             evil
             Councils
             as
             often
             prompted
             to
             dissolve
             them
             :
             his
             gentle
             Disposition
             inclined
             him
             to
             an
             universal
             Indulgence
             ;
             but
             the
             malevolent
             Insinuations
             of
             self-interested
             men
             misled
             him
             to
             a
             Connivence
             at
             extraordinary
             Severities
             :
             The
             Papists
             hated
             him
             for
             avowing
             so
             much
             Favor
             to
             the
             Church
             of
             England
             ;
             and
             Dissenters
             blamed
             him
             for
             a
             suspected
             Propension
             to
             the
             Church
             of
             Rome
             :
             His
             constitution
             was
             happy
             ;
             but
             by
             his
             irregular
             courses
             he
             rais'd
             Batteries
             against
             his
             own
             Health
             ,
             and
             he
             might
             have
             lived
             longer
             ,
             if
             he
             had
             not
             lived
             so
             fast
             .
             The
             Indowments
             of
             his
             mind
             were
             admirable
             ;
             but
             his
             immersion
             in
             Pleasures
             over-shadow'd
             his
             Reputation
             :
             The
             prolonging
             of
             his
             Life
             had
             given
             
             an
             Adjournment
             to
             the
             Mischeifs
             that
             quickly
             assaulted
             both
             Church
             ,
             and
             State
             ;
             but
             one
             Sort
             of
             Men
             thought
             he
             lived
             too
             long
             :
             whether
             any
             hand
             ,
             but
             his
             own
             ,
             contributed
             to
             the
             accelarating
             of
             his
             Death
             ,
             I
             have
             no
             warrant
             to
             make
             any
             Asseveration
             ;
             Let
             the
             future
             Writers
             of
             History
             adjust
             that
             matter
             to
             the
             clear
             information
             of
             Posterity
             .
             All
             I
             have
             to
             say
             ,
             is
             the
             News
             of
             his
             Death
             was
             published
             ,
             before
             there
             was
             any
             Report
             of
             his
             Sickness
             :
             He
             died
             of
             an
             Apoplexy
             the
             Sixth
             of
             February
             1684
             ,
             and
             the
             whole
             Body
             (
             whereof
             he
             was
             the
             Head
             )
             was
             presently
             seised
             with
             convulsive
             Motions
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             THE
             REIGN
             OF
             JAMES
             the
             Second
             .
          
           
             THE
             Reign
             of
             James
             the
             Second
             was
             
               so
               lately
               begun
            
             ,
             and
             (
             by
             the
             mercy
             of
             God
             )
             
               so
               soon
               determin'd
            
             ,
             that
             every
             mans
             Remembrance
             of
             it
             may
             justly
             supersede
             the
             Trouble
             of
             a
             Repetition
             .
             There
             needs
             no
             Art
             ,
             nor
             Arguments
             to
             convince
             the
             World
             ,
             that
             he
             was
             more
             unfortunate
             than
             all
             his
             Predecessors
             ;
             and
             every
             impartial
             Observer
             will
             allow
             ,
             that
             he
             was
             the
             principal
             Engineer
             ,
             that
             sapped
             the
             Foundations
             of
             his
             own
             Happiness
             .
          
           
             If
             he
             had
             arrived
             at
             the
             Throne
             by
             
             an
             indirect
             Road
             :
             If
             he
             had
             gain'd
             it
             by
             Conquest
             ,
             and
             ow'd
             his
             Title
             to
             the
             Umpirage
             of
             the
             Sword
             :
             If
             he
             had
             come
             in
             by
             Intrusion
             ,
             Invasion
             ,
             or
             Usurpation
             ;
             by
             Craft
             ,
             or
             Violence
             ;
             by
             Force
             of
             Arms
             ,
             or
             the
             prevalency
             of
             Pensions
             :
             If
             he
             had
             justled
             out
             the
             true
             Heir
             ,
             or
             supplanted
             the
             lawful
             Pretender
             ,
             or
             out-stript
             his
             Competitor
             by
             the
             aid
             of
             the
             people
             ,
             or
             over-topt
             his
             Opposers
             by
             the
             Assistance
             of
             Foreigners
             :
             It
             had
             been
             no
             wonder
             ,
             that
             the
             Crown
             had
             totter'd
             on
             his
             Head
             ,
             that
             his
             Seat
             had
             been
             uneasie
             ,
             and
             his
             Government
             Short
             lived
             .
             But
             when
             his
             Title
             was
             not
             disputed
             ;
             when
             he
             was
             saluted
             King
             by
             an
             Universal
             Acclamation
             ;
             welcom'd
             by
             the
             Addresses
             and
             congratulations
             of
             all
             his
             Subjects
             ;
             his
             Revenues
             settled
             and
             augmented
             ;
             his
             Enemies
             subdued
             ,
             and
             his
             Throne
             establish'd
             by
             a
             Loyal
             Parliament
             ,
             and
             a
             submissive
             people
             ;
             
             his
             Ruin
             must
             necessarily
             be
             imputed
             to
             himself
             ;
             and
             all
             his
             misfortunes
             undeniably
             accounted
             the
             Result
             of
             his
             own
             miscarriage
             .
             So
             that
             while
             the
             Histories
             of
             all
             Ages
             and
             Nations
             do
             abound
             with
             Examples
             of
             the
             Strange
             ,
             Cruel
             ,
             False
             ,
             and
             unnatural
             Methods
             used
             by
             ambitious
             men
             to
             gain
             principalities
             ,
             King
             James
             must
             remain
             single
             upon
             Record
             ;
             as
             the
             only
             Person
             that
             willfully
             and
             industriously
             dethron'd
             himself
             .
             We
             read
             of
             aspiring
             men
             ,
             who
             have
             dissembled
             ,
             changed
             ,
             and
             comply'd
             with
             the
             fashionable
             Religion
             of
             the
             Country
             ,
             to
             insure
             their
             possession
             :
             But
             it
             is
             without
             president
             ,
             that
             a
             Prince
             quietly
             settled
             in
             his
             Throne
             ;
             courted
             by
             his
             Neighbours
             ,
             Obey'd
             by
             his
             Subjects
             without
             reserve
             ,
             or
             distrust
             ;
             not
             grudged
             ,
             nor
             affronted
             in
             the
             private
             Exercises
             of
             his
             own
             perswasion
             ;
             should
             be
             so
             intoxicated
             by
             the
             
             Fumes
             of
             Zeal
             ,
             to
             attempt
             the
             subversion
             of
             the
             general
             Religion
             current
             thro
             Three
             Kingdoms
             ,
             establish'd
             by
             Parliament
             ,
             and
             incorporated
             so
             into
             the
             Laws
             ,
             that
             the
             Religion
             of
             the
             Nation
             is
             the
             Law
             of
             the
             Nation
             ;
             and
             to
             obtrude
             upon
             his
             Subjects
             a
             way
             of
             Worship
             as
             dissonant
             from
             their
             Humour
             ,
             as
             repugnant
             to
             their
             Conscience
             ;
             a
             way
             exploded
             by
             the
             former
             Age
             ,
             and
             detested
             by
             this
             ;
             and
             so
             forseit
             his
             Right
             to
             the
             Imperial
             Crown
             of
             Three
             opulent
             Kingdoms
             upon
             a
             fallacious
             assurance
             of
             a
             Reprisal
             in
             Heaven
             ;
             is
             such
             a
             stupendious
             Act
             of
             supererogation
             ,
             as
             may
             serve
             to
             supply
             half
             the
             Roman
             Catholick
             Church
             with
             a
             superfluity
             of
             Merit
             .
          
           
             On
             the
             Sixth
             day
             of
             February
             1684
             Charles
             the
             Second
             put
             off
             mortality
             ,
             and
             by
             his
             Death
             revived
             the
             Languishing
             Hopes
             of
             the
             Popish
             Expectants
             .
             He
             departed
             about
             
             Noon
             ,
             and
             in
             that
             very
             Afternoon
             James
             the
             Second
             was
             proclaim'd
             in
             London
             and
             Westminster
             ,
             by
             Order
             of
             the
             Council
             :
             To
             convince
             the
             World
             ,
             that
             howsoever
             the
             Parliament
             labour'd
             to
             Exclude
             him
             from
             Succession
             by
             political
             Ordinances
             ,
             and
             by
             a
             Course
             of
             Law
             ;
             yet
             ,
             that
             Design
             not
             being
             accomplish'd
             ,
             they
             would
             not
             so
             much
             as
             hesitate
             ,
             or
             demur
             upon
             the
             right
             of
             his
             Inheritance
             .
             He
             on
             the
             other
             side
             saluted
             them
             graciously
             ,
             promised
             to
             imitate
             his
             Brother
             in
             
               his
               Tenderness
               to
               the
               people
            
             ,
             Celebrated
             the
             Loyal
             principles
             of
             the
             
               Church
               of
            
             England
             ,
             and
             past
             his
             Royal
             Word
             
               to
               take
               care
               to
               defend
               ,
               and
               support
               it
               .
            
             The
             Collection
             of
             the
             Customs
             ,
             and
             the
             Duties
             of
             Tunnage
             and
             Poundage
             (
             which
             were
             annexed
             to
             the
             Crown
             during
             the
             Kings
             Life
             )
             were
             continued
             
               de
               bene
               esse
            
             ,
             till
             the
             Meeting
             of
             a
             Parliament
             :
             All
             Men
             were
             
             Quiet
             ,
             and
             Contented
             ,
             and
             he
             was
             Congratulated
             with
             Addresses
             from
             all
             parts
             of
             England
             ,
             testifying
             a
             ready
             Obedience
             to
             his
             Commands
             ,
             and
             devoting
             their
             Lives
             and
             Fortunes
             to
             the
             defence
             of
             his
             person
             ,
             and
             the
             maintenance
             of
             his
             prerogative
             :
             His
             Accession
             to
             the
             Crown
             was
             Solemnised
             with
             great
             Acclamations
             of
             Joy
             thro'
             the
             Kingdoms
             of
             
               England
               ,
               Scotland
            
             ,
             and
             Ireland
             :
             Ambasladours
             from
             Foreign
             Princes
             ,
             and
             States
             arrived
             daily
             ,
             presenting
             their
             Complements
             of
             Condolence
             for
             the
             deceased
             King
             ;
             and
             their
             satisfaction
             in
             his
             Assumption
             of
             the
             Regal
             power
             :
             On
             the
             Twenty
             third
             of
             April
             ,
             the
             King
             and
             Queen
             were
             both
             Crown'd
             ,
             and
             at
             his
             Coronation
             he
             took
             the
             accustom'd
             
               Oaths
               to
               maintain
               the
               Laws
               ,
               and
               the
               establish'd
               Religion
               :
            
             No
             King
             ever
             Ascended
             the
             Throne
             with
             less
             Opposition
             ,
             Disputes
             ,
             or
             preluminary
             
             Cautions
             ;
             none
             was
             ever
             attended
             with
             more
             apparent
             circumstances
             of
             Felicity
             ;
             or
             had
             a
             fairer
             prospect
             of
             becoming
             Glorious
             at
             home
             ,
             and
             formidable
             abroad
             .
             The
             Parliament
             of
             Scotland
             having
             prevented
             him
             in
             his
             wishes
             ,
             and
             out
             done
             all
             their
             Predecessours
             in
             a
             redundancy
             of
             Zeal
             and
             Loyalty
             :
             A
             Parliament
             met
             also
             at
             Westminster
             ,
             to
             whom
             the
             King
             reiterated
             his
             assurance
             of
             
               supporting
               the
               Church
               of
            
             England
             ;
             
               preserving
               the
               Government
               in
               Church
               and
               State
               ,
               as
               by
               Law
               establish'd
               ,
            
             and
             a
             resolution
             never
             to
             
               invade
               any
               Mans
               property
            
             .
          
           
             In
             this
             very
             Juncture
             ,
             when
             the
             King
             had
             so
             endear'd
             himself
             to
             the
             Parliament
             by
             such
             Gracious
             Expressions
             ,
             and
             they
             reciprocally
             Courted
             him
             with
             all
             dutiful
             respect
             ,
             the
             unfortunate
             Earl
             of
             Argyle
             (
             whose
             persecution
             was
             unparellel'd
             ,
             
             Attainted
             for
             Treason
             ,
             before
             the
             Law
             that
             made
             it
             so
             was
             promulgated
             ;
             and
             condemn'd
             only
             for
             scrupling
             to
             take
             the
             Test
             ,
             which
             in
             a
             short
             time
             after
             ,
             it
             was
             a
             Capital
             Offence
             to
             subscribe
             )
             Landed
             in
             the
             Highlands
             of
             Scotland
             ,
             and
             set
             forth
             a
             Declaration
             to
             justifie
             his
             undertaking
             ,
             and
             to
             renounce
             all
             Allegiance
             to
             the
             present
             King
             ;
             who
             immediately
             communicated
             the
             Intelligence
             he
             had
             received
             to
             the
             Parliament
             ,
             and
             both
             Houses
             without
             delay
             express'd
             their
             Resentment
             in
             Raputres
             of
             Love
             and
             Zeal
             ,
             with
             protestations
             to
             stand
             by
             him
             with
             their
             Lives
             and
             Fortunes
             against
             all
             Opposers
             ,
             and
             particularly
             the
             Earl
             of
             Argyle
             ;
             and
             to
             demonstrate
             ,
             that
             it
             was
             no
             Complement
             ,
             they
             presented
             him
             with
             a
             Bill
             ,
             for
             settling
             the
             Revenues
             on
             him
             for
             Life
             ,
             and
             resolved
             on
             an
             extraordinary
             supply
             for
             these
             incident
             Occasions
             .
             While
             these
             matters
             
             were
             transacting
             .
             News
             came
             to
             the
             King
             that
             the
             Duke
             of
             Monmouth
             was
             Landed
             in
             the
             West
             of
             England
             (
             an
             unseasonable
             Landing
             for
             that
             unhappy
             Gentleman
             !
             when
             the
             Parliament
             was
             Charm'd
             with
             the
             good
             Words
             ,
             and
             amused
             by
             the
             great
             and
             gracious
             promises
             of
             the
             King
             )
             with
             a
             small
             party
             ,
             but
             every
             day
             increasing
             ;
             who
             presently
             were
             proclaim'd
             Traytors
             ,
             and
             the
             King
             imparting
             the
             News
             to
             both
             Houses
             ,
             they
             forthwith
             in
             a
             transport
             of
             Loyalty
             reassure
             him
             that
             they
             will
             stand
             by
             him
             with
             their
             Lives
             and
             Fortunes
             against
             the
             Duke
             of
             Monmouth
             ,
             and
             all
             other
             his
             Enemies
             ,
             and
             with
             an
             unusual
             Expedition
             they
             past
             two
             Acts
             to
             augment
             his
             Revenue
             ,
             by
             a
             New
             Imposition
             on
             Wine
             ,
             Vineger
             ,
             Tobacco
             ,
             and
             Sugar
             ;
             and
             to
             secure
             his
             person
             ,
             an
             Act
             of
             Attainder
             of
             the
             Duke
             of
             Monmouth
             .
             It
             was
             morally
             impossible
             
             for
             such
             inconsiderable
             parties
             to
             effect
             their
             purposes
             :
             the
             Parliaments
             in
             both
             Kingdoms
             were
             unanimous
             ,
             almost
             all
             people
             relyed
             on
             the
             King's
             word
             ,
             not
             doubting
             but
             he
             would
             continue
             a
             
               Defender
               of
               the
               Faith
            
             ,
             tho
             he
             was
             not
             
               a
               Professor
            
             .
             And
             so
             the
             event
             proved
             ,
             for
             within
             a
             few
             days
             or
             weeks
             at
             most
             ,
             the
             whole
             Enterprise
             came
             to
             nothing
             ,
             the
             forces
             in
             each
             Kingdom
             were
             routed
             and
             dispersed
             ,
             the
             Duke
             and
             Earl
             both
             taken
             prisoners
             ,
             and
             both
             executed
             on
             the
             Scaffold
             .
          
           
             
               Violent
               Hurricanes
               tear
               Trees
               out
               of
               the
               Ground
               ;
               but
               the
               shaking
               of
               small
               winds
               make
               the
               Tree
               take
               deeper
               Root
               ;
               the
               quenching
               of
               an
               intestine
               Rebellion
               alway
               sets
               the
               Prince
               some
               steps
               higher
               ,
               and
               depresseth
               the
               subject
               as
               much
               .
            
             The
             Parliament
             had
             now
             sat
             long
             enough
             to
             do
             the
             Kings
             Business
             ,
             and
             the
             King
             had
             Business
             to
             do
             not
             fit
             to
             be
             intrusted
             to
             the
             Parliament
             ;
             whereupon
             
             it
             was
             adjourn'd
             to
             the
             fourth
             of
             August
             ,
             and
             from
             thence
             to
             the
             ninth
             of
             November
             .
             At
             which
             time
             being
             reassembled
             ,
             the
             King
             made
             the
             first
             discovery
             of
             his
             claim
             to
             a
             
               dispensing
               Power
            
             ,
             telling
             them
             plainly
             ,
             that
             he
             will
             not
             want
             the
             Services
             of
             such
             men
             whom
             he
             accounted
             faithful
             ,
             but
             would
             imploy
             them
             in
             the
             Army
             ,
             tho
             they
             were
             not
             qualified
             according
             to
             the
             late
             Tests
             :
             The
             Parliament
             modestly
             and
             civilly
             expostulated
             this
             unexpected
             resolution
             in
             an
             humble
             Address
             ,
             and
             proposed
             an
             Expedient
             to
             moderate
             the
             Extremity
             of
             the
             Law
             ,
             purely
             to
             gratifie
             the
             Desires
             of
             their
             Prince
             ;
             but
             this
             did
             not
             sound
             well
             in
             the
             Ears
             of
             the
             Court
             ,
             some
             other
             measures
             must
             be
             taken
             ,
             and
             so
             the
             Parliament
             was
             Prorogued
             to
             the
             tenth
             of
             February
             ,
             and
             here
             we
             may
             bid
             them
             adieu
             ,
             having
             after
             several
             Prorogations
             been
             dissolved
             ,
             as
             a
             company
             of
             inflexible
             
             stubborn
             Protestants
             ,
             who
             would
             not
             tamely
             comply
             with
             the
             King
             's
             Arbitrary
             pleasure
             .
             Several
             Noblemen
             ,
             and
             other
             persons
             were
             now
             indicted
             and
             try'd
             for
             their
             Lives
             ,
             some
             escaped
             by
             the
             merit
             of
             their
             ingenuous
             Defence
             ,
             some
             were
             respited
             from
             Execution
             ,
             and
             some
             suffer'd
             Death
             .
             The
             Earl
             of
             Clarendon
             was
             sent
             Lord
             Lieutenant
             into
             Ireland
             ,
             that
             the
             Protestants
             might
             be
             cajol'd
             into
             a
             lavish
             credulity
             ,
             till
             matters
             were
             ripe
             for
             their
             Destruction
             .
             An
             Army
             of
             twenty
             thousand
             men
             was
             rais'd
             ,
             and
             encamped
             at
             Hounslow-Heath
             ,
             because
             the
             Militia
             was
             not
             found
             to
             be
             useful
             ;
             and
             the
             late
             Invasions
             of
             Monmouth
             and
             Argyle
             were
             a
             sufficient
             warning
             to
             the
             King
             not
             to
             be
             taken
             again
             unprovided
             .
             But
             the
             erecting
             of
             a
             Popish
             Chappel
             in
             the
             midst
             of
             the
             Camp
             ,
             and
             the
             open
             and
             daily
             celebration
             of
             the
             Mass
             there
             ,
             (
             together
             with
             the
             setting
             up
             
             Convents
             of
             Friers
             ,
             and
             Schools
             ,
             and
             Seminaries
             of
             Jesuits
             in
             several
             places
             in
             London
             ,
             the
             unclean
             Beasts
             crossing
             the
             Streets
             ,
             and
             entring
             their
             Arkby
             couples
             )
             began
             to
             startle
             the
             people
             ;
             and
             the
             Dispatch
             of
             the
             Earl
             of
             Castlemain
             to
             Rome
             as
             an
             Embassador
             to
             the
             Pope
             ,
             and
             the
             entertaining
             a
             Nuncio
             from
             him
             ,
             gave
             a
             mighty
             Umbrage
             of
             offence
             to
             all
             considering
             men
             .
             That
             strict
             Injunction
             by
             Law
             for
             every
             man
             that
             exercised
             any
             Office
             ,
             to
             take
             the
             Oaths
             and
             Test
             ,
             was
             a
             great
             Barricado
             against
             the
             Preferment
             of
             Catholick
             Candidates
             ;
             the
             Judges
             must
             be
             consulted
             (
             or
             rather
             directed
             )
             how
             to
             apply
             some
             Remedy
             ,
             and
             they
             to
             their
             eternal
             shame
             ,
             made
             false
             Glosses
             on
             the
             Text
             ,
             betray'd
             the
             Law
             ,
             the
             impregnable
             Fortress
             of
             English
             Property
             ,
             and
             skrew'd
             up
             the
             Rules
             of
             a
             circumscribed
             Monarchy
             to
             an
             Absolute
             and
             Despotick
             Government
             ,
             to
             
             command
             without
             controul
             ;
             and
             
               to
               he
               obey'd
               without
               reserve
            
             .
             But
             the
             putting
             a
             muzzle
             upon
             the
             old
             Laws
             to
             keep
             them
             from
             biting
             ,
             was
             not
             enough
             to
             carry
             on
             the
             work
             ,
             without
             introducing
             some
             Innovations
             ;
             wherefore
             a
             Commission
             was
             given
             to
             certain
             persons
             to
             order
             all
             Ecclesiastical
             Affairs
             ,
             with
             an
             Authority
             and
             extent
             
               almost
               unlimited
            
             ,
             and
             a
             Non-obstante
             to
             all
             Rights
             and
             Priviledges
             .
             The
             first
             Essay
             made
             by
             this
             exorbitant
             Court
             ,
             was
             on
             the
             Bishop
             of
             London
             (
             a
             person
             noble
             by
             Birth
             ,
             and
             high
             in
             Office
             ,
             reverenced
             ,
             and
             beloved
             by
             all
             men
             for
             his
             Candor
             ,
             Moderation
             ,
             and
             many
             eminent
             Vertues
             )
             whom
             for
             a
             frivolous
             matter
             ,
             without
             colour
             of
             Law
             or
             Reason
             ,
             they
             suspended
             from
             his
             Episcopal
             Function
             .
          
           
             It
             was
             now
             high
             time
             to
             recall
             the
             Earl
             of
             Clarendon
             from
             the
             Government
             of
             Ireland
             ,
             that
             the
             Sword
             might
             
             be
             put
             into
             the
             Hands
             of
             the
             Earl
             of
             Tyrconnel
             .
             To
             enumerate
             the
             mischiefs
             that
             have
             accrew'd
             to
             the
             Protestants
             by
             his
             Administration
             ,
             would
             require
             a
             Treatise
             by
             it self
             ;
             let
             it
             suffice
             to
             say
             ,
             that
             in
             that
             miserable
             Kingdom
             Popery
             was
             predominant
             ,
             and
             bare
             faced
             Mass-houses
             set
             up
             in
             every
             Town
             and
             Village
             ,
             the
             Corporations
             changed
             ,
             their
             Charters
             condemned
             ,
             all
             Offices
             Civil
             and
             Military
             conferr'd
             on
             Papists
             ,
             the
             Act
             of
             Settlement
             (
             which
             the
             King
             had
             so
             seriously
             promised
             to
             keep
             inviolated
             )
             infringed
             ,
             and
             eluded
             ,
             and
             Gentlemen
             dispossessed
             of
             their
             Estates
             by
             erroneous
             Judgments
             ,
             the
             Protestants
             disarm'd
             and
             dismounted
             ,
             such
             as
             were
             able
             to
             remove
             forced
             to
             fly
             ;
             and
             such
             as
             stay'd
             behind
             subjected
             to
             all
             the
             Insolencies
             and
             Barbarities
             of
             Slaves
             vested
             with
             Authority
             .
          
           
             To
             Scotland
             strict
             and
             severe
             Orders
             were
             sent
             to
             restrain
             all
             Field-Conventicles
             ,
             
             and
             in
             England
             the
             Dissenters
             were
             indicted
             ,
             fined
             ,
             and
             imprison'd
             .
             And
             yet
             within
             a
             short
             time
             after
             ,
             a
             
               general
               Indulgence
            
             was
             publish'd
             to
             all
             Perswasions
             ,
             with
             a
             
               counterfeit
               saving
            
             to
             the
             Rights
             of
             the
             Church
             of
             England
             ;
             the
             King
             being
             made
             to
             believe
             ,
             that
             since
             he
             was
             secure
             from
             any
             Opposition
             from
             the
             Church
             of
             England
             (
             they
             lying
             quietly
             intrenched
             under
             the
             Blinds
             of
             Non-resistance
             ,
             and
             
               Passive
               Obedience
            
             )
             if
             he
             could
             but
             cast
             a
             mist
             before
             the
             eyes
             of
             the
             Dissenters
             ,
             and
             muffle
             their
             hands
             ,
             and
             charm
             them
             into
             a
             supine
             security
             ;
             the
             desired
             Reformation
             might
             proceed
             gradually
             without
             Interruption
             ,
             and
             after
             a
             while
             the
             Doors
             might
             be
             open'd
             ,
             and
             Popery
             let
             in
             with
             a
             full
             Breast
             .
             But
             they
             were
             grosly
             mistaken
             in
             their
             Politicks
             :
             The
             illegal
             proceedings
             against
             the
             Bishop
             of
             London
             ,
             seconded
             by
             the
             Arbitrary
             and
             most
             
             unjust
             persecution
             of
             the
             Vice-Chancellor
             of
             Cambridge
             ,
             and
             the
             ejection
             of
             the
             President
             and
             Fellows
             of
             Magdalen
             Colledg
             in
             Oxford
             ,
             and
             the
             intrusion
             of
             profest
             Papists
             in
             their
             rooms
             ,
             open'd
             the
             eyes
             of
             all
             sorts
             ,
             and
             quickly
             taught
             the
             Dissenters
             what
             they
             were
             to
             expect
             (
             whose
             Toleration
             was
             Temporary
             and
             precarious
             )
             when
             such
             open
             Invasions
             were
             made
             on
             that
             Church
             that
             was
             firmly
             establish'd
             by
             Law.
             
          
           
             But
             unless
             the
             Jesuits
             and
             Popish
             Counsellors
             had
             been
             self
             murderers
             ,
             and
             conspired
             to
             overthrow
             their
             own
             Designs
             ,
             by
             their
             imprudent
             and
             precipitate
             actings
             ,
             they
             had
             never
             abused
             the
             poor
             King
             by
             such
             pernicious
             advice
             ,
             to
             attack
             the
             Church
             of
             England
             in
             the
             persons
             of
             the
             Bishops
             ,
             who
             were
             the
             Reverend
             Fathers
             of
             it
             ;
             to
             lay
             such
             a
             snare
             before
             wise
             and
             religious
             men
             ,
             as
             must
             endanger
             their
             safety
             ,
             or
             prejudice
             their
             
             Conscience
             ;
             and
             because
             they
             presented
             an
             humble
             Apology
             by
             way
             of
             Petition
             (
             a
             priviledg
             allow'd
             to
             all
             men
             by
             the
             Laws
             of
             God
             and
             Nature
             )
             imploring
             to
             be
             excused
             from
             being
             made
             Instruments
             to
             countenance
             and
             publish
             
               the
               monstrous
               Assertion
               of
               an
               absolute
               and
               dispensing
               Power
            
             ;
             they
             were
             committed
             to
             the
             Tower
             ,
             Indicted
             of
             Misdemeanor
             ,
             compell'd
             to
             plead
             ,
             try'd
             by
             a
             Jury
             ,
             and
             fairly
             acquitted
             upon
             their
             Trial
             ,
             to
             the
             shame
             and
             confusion
             of
             their
             Prosecutors
             ;
             and
             to
             the
             unexpressible
             joy
             and
             satisfaction
             of
             the
             whole
             Nation
             .
          
           
             The
             King
             hoping
             to
             establish
             that
             by
             a
             Law
             which
             he
             could
             not
             bring
             to
             pass
             by
             his
             will
             and
             power
             ,
             propos'd
             the
             calling
             of
             a
             Parliament
             ;
             whom
             that
             he
             might
             form
             to
             the
             Standard
             
               set
               out
            
             by
             the
             Popish
             Cabal
             ,
             he
             condescended
             to
             such
             mean
             shifts
             ,
             and
             such
             indirect
             practices
             ,
             by
             forestalling
             
             Mens
             Judgments
             ,
             and
             preingaging
             them
             against
             the
             Liberty
             ,
             and
             indifferency
             of
             their
             Votes
             ,
             and
             turning
             Men
             out
             of
             their
             Imployments
             ,
             who
             would
             not
             abjure
             the
             natural
             Freedom
             of
             their
             Reason
             ,
             that
             in
             mere
             Decency
             and
             Respect
             ,
             I
             forbear
             to
             inlarge
             upon
             it
             .
          
           
             Neither
             will
             I
             any
             more
             than
             make
             mention
             of
             the
             Intrigue
             about
             the
             Birth
             of
             the
             Prince
             of
             Wales
             :
             Great
             pains
             have
             been
             taken
             to
             offer
             convincing
             proofs
             to
             the
             World
             of
             the
             Legitimacy
             of
             that
             Child
             ;
             whereas
             there
             is
             nothing
             so
             hard
             to
             be
             proved
             ,
             as
             a
             Business
             of
             that
             Nature
             :
             And
             the
             suspition
             of
             an
             Imposture
             has
             made
             such
             an
             Impression
             on
             common
             belief
             ,
             that
             an
             Act
             of
             Parliament
             in
             Favour
             of
             the
             Birth
             would
             hardly
             reconcile
             the
             people
             to
             a
             Submission
             .
          
           
             The
             bloody
             Executions
             in
             the
             West
             of
             England
             ,
             upon
             the
             unhappy
             Abettors
             
             of
             the
             Duke
             of
             Monmouth
             ,
             exasperated
             Multitudes
             of
             People
             into
             Discontent
             ,
             and
             Mutiny
             :
             but
             when
             it
             was
             reported
             ,
             that
             the
             King
             had
             given
             the
             Lives
             of
             so
             many
             wretched
             men
             by
             whole
             sale
             to
             his
             Servitors
             to
             be
             retail'd
             by
             them
             for
             Lucre
             and
             Profit
             ;
             the
             whole
             Nation
             was
             affected
             with
             that
             unexampled
             Barbarity
             ,
             and
             became
             seasoned
             with
             a
             secret
             Aversion
             to
             his
             Government
             .
          
           
             The
             furious
             Drivers
             of
             the
             Jesuitical
             Plots
             began
             too
             late
             to
             be
             sensible
             of
             their
             mistaken
             Policy
             :
             they
             had
             stretached
             the
             Prerogative
             so
             high
             that
             is
             began
             to
             crack
             ;
             they
             had
             by
             their
             damnable
             Counsel
             hurried
             the
             unfortunate
             King
             to
             the
             Brink
             of
             Ruin
             :
             The
             Skie
             began
             to
             thicken
             with
             Clouds
             ,
             and
             Thunder
             was
             heard
             a
             far
             off
             .
             Wherefore
             they
             began
             with
             all
             hast
             to
             tack
             about
             to
             unravel
             that
             work
             which
             with
             so
             many
             hands
             and
             such
             indefatigable
             industry
             they
             
             had
             been
             knitting
             .
             Suddenly
             and
             unexpectedly
             a
             Proclamation
             issued
             to
             summon
             a
             Parliament
             with
             Exclusion
             of
             the
             
               Roman
               Catholicks
            
             ;
             soon
             after
             the
             Charter
             of
             London
             ,
             and
             all
             other
             Corporations
             was
             restored
             :
             The
             Suspension
             of
             the
             Bishop
             of
             London
             taken
             off
             :
             The
             Vice-Chancellor
             and
             others
             of
             Cambridg
             ,
             and
             the
             President
             and
             Fellows
             of
             Magdalen-Colledge
             in
             Oxford
             reinstated
             in
             their
             Places
             ;
             The
             monstrous
             Commission
             for
             Ecclesiastical
             Affairs
             dissolved
             ;
             a
             Proclamation
             set
             out
             carrying
             the
             Face
             of
             a
             general
             pardon
             ;
             but
             Squinting
             at
             and
             Indemnity
             to
             Papists
             .
             All
             men
             were
             fill'd
             with
             wonder
             at
             such
             a
             hudled
             and
             surprising
             Alteration
             ;
             that
             the
             great
             Ministers
             of
             State
             should
             so
             poorly
             truckle
             to
             the
             Satisfaction
             of
             the
             People
             ;
             that
             the
             King
             should
             send
             for
             the
             Bishops
             and
             court
             them
             ,
             from
             whom
             a
             little
             before
             he
             would
             not
             endure
             the
             Address
             of
             an
             humble
             Petition
             .
             But
             the
             
             Riddle
             was
             soon
             unfolded
             ,
             and
             the
             wonder
             was
             turned
             into
             an
             Exultation
             of
             Joy
             at
             the
             miraculous
             Revolution
             of
             Affairs
             .
          
           
             The
             Lords
             Spiritual
             and
             Temporal
             and
             the
             Prime
             Gentry
             of
             England
             ,
             sadly
             resenting
             the
             Invasion
             on
             their
             Religion
             ,
             Liberties
             ,
             and
             Properties
             observing
             the
             arbitary
             and
             despotical
             proceedings
             in
             Scotland
             ,
             beholding
             Ireland
             wholly
             given
             up
             to
             Popery
             ,
             and
             Slavery
             ,
             and
             their
             own
             Ancient
             Laws
             and
             establish'd
             Religion
             subverted
             by
             him
             ,
             who
             had
             so
             often
             and
             so
             solemnly
             promised
             the
             maintenance
             and
             Protection
             of
             them
             ;
             they
             began
             to
             consult
             of
             some
             proper
             and
             effectual
             means
             to
             divert
             the
             impending
             mischiefs
             ,
             and
             to
             assure
             the
             restitution
             of
             their
             ravish'd
             Freedom
             .
             To
             this
             end
             they
             made
             application
             to
             the
             most
             illustrious
             Prince
             of
             Orange
             ,
             the
             Champion
             and
             Protector
             of
             the
             
               Protestant
               Religion
            
             ,
             imploring
             his
             Aid
             to
             rescue
             
             them
             from
             Oppression
             and
             Slavery
             ,
             and
             to
             save
             their
             Liberties
             now
             expiring
             and
             at
             the
             last
             Gap.
             He
             with
             a
             Bravery
             and
             Generosity
             ,
             not
             to
             be
             matched
             in
             any
             History
             descended
             to
             their
             Relief
             ,
             and
             (
             postponing
             all
             his
             own
             Interests
             and
             Advantages
             )
             with
             the
             hazard
             of
             his
             person
             ,
             and
             the
             consumption
             of
             a
             vast
             Treasure
             ,
             landed
             in
             England
             ,
             not
             with
             a
             mighty
             Army
             ,
             least
             it
             should
             look
             like
             an
             Invasion
             ;
             neither
             with
             too
             small
             a
             Party
             least
             he
             should
             seem
             pusht
             on
             by
             a
             Necessity
             ,
             or
             ingaged
             in
             a
             desperate
             undertaking
             .
             The
             King
             had
             a
             great
             Army
             on
             Foot
             ,
             which
             was
             quickly
             increased
             by
             a
             considerable
             Addition
             .
             And
             with
             appearance
             of
             great
             Resolution
             ,
             and
             confidence
             of
             Success
             ,
             he
             marcht
             from
             London
             :
             But
             he
             soon
             found
             by
             a
             fatal
             Experience
             ,
             that
             the
             Hands
             of
             his
             Subjects
             were
             directed
             by
             their
             hearts
             ,
             in
             which
             having
             forfeited
             his
             possession
             ,
             
             he
             was
             to
             expect
             no
             Service
             or
             Assistance
             from
             them
             .
             On
             the
             contrary
             the
             Lords
             and
             Gentlemen
             ,
             from
             all
             parts
             of
             the
             Kingdom
             flock'd
             in
             with
             their
             Arms
             and
             Horses
             to
             joyn
             their
             Deliverer
             ,
             and
             many
             Trops
             and
             Regiments
             of
             the
             Kings
             Army
             deserted
             him
             ,
             not
             enduring
             to
             be
             
               mingled
               among
               Papists
            
             ,
             or
             be
             obliged
             to
             
               fight
               against
               Protestants
            
             .
             The
             King
             in
             this
             Perplexity
             was
             wholly
             irresolute
             what
             course
             to
             take
             ;
             at
             last
             he
             posted
             to
             London
             ,
             where
             missing
             his
             Popish
             Favorites
             (
             whom
             Fear
             of
             Punishment
             ,
             and
             the
             Terror
             of
             an
             evil
             Conscience
             had
             utterly
             dissipated
             )
             he
             did
             not
             think
             it
             fit
             to
             trust
             his
             best
             and
             truest
             Subjects
             ,
             but
             secretly
             withdrew
             himself
             in
             a
             Disguise
             ,
             and
             being
             by
             a
             strange
             Accident
             discoverd
             ,
             he
             was
             reconducted
             to
             London
             ;
             from
             whence
             ,
             at
             his
             own
             desire
             ,
             he
             was
             attended
             to
             Rochester
             :
             but
             not
             being
             able
             to
             live
             without
             the
             Ministration
             
             of
             Priests
             ,
             and
             Jesuits
             ,
             he
             slipt
             away
             to
             the
             Sea
             side
             ,
             and
             saild
             for
             France
             ,
             voluntarily
             ,
             and
             without
             constraint
             abdicating
             the
             Government
             ,
             leaving
             
               the
               Throne
               vacant
            
             ,
             and
             the
             Body
             of
             his
             People
             ,
             without
             
               a
               head
            
             .
          
           
             Here
             ended
             the
             Reign
             of
             James
             the
             Second
             ,
             too
             violent
             to
             last
             long
             .
             A
             Prince
             who
             (
             when
             he
             was
             a
             Subject
             )
             had
             the
             Reputation
             of
             being
             a
             valiant
             Leader
             ,
             afirm
             Friend
             ,
             and
             an
             immovable
             Observer
             of
             his
             word
             and
             Promise
             :
             But
             the
             Assumption
             of
             a
             Crown
             ,
             the
             Flatteries
             of
             a
             bigoted
             Queen
             ,
             the
             desperate
             Counsels
             of
             a
             Popish
             and
             Atheistical
             Cabal
             ,
             with
             a
             blind
             Perswasion
             of
             meriting
             Heaven
             ,
             by
             the
             Adventure
             of
             all
             he
             had
             upon
             Earth
             ,
             hath
             exposed
             him
             to
             Censure
             ,
             and
             represented
             him
             under
             a
             contrary
             Character
             .
          
           
             Perhaps
             he
             is
             absolved
             from
             the
             guilt
             of
             his
             personal
             vices
             by
             his
             Confessor
             ,
             and
             he
             shall
             be
             acquitted
             of
             
             the
             Remembrance
             of
             them
             by
             me
             ,
             I
             have
             so
             great
             a
             Reverence
             for
             those
             of
             his
             nearest
             Blood
             ,
             that
             I
             shall
             not
             by
             the
             Blots
             of
             my
             Pen
             imprint
             a
             Stain
             on
             his
             Memory
             ,
             or
             diffuse
             the
             Tincture
             on
             his
             Posterity
             .
          
        
         
           
             The
             Conclusion
             .
          
           
             Thus
             you
             have
             a
             breif
             Epitome
             of
             the
             unfortunate
             Reigns
             of
             Six
             of
             the
             English
             Monarchs
             .
             Of
             Which
             the
             First
             
               Broke
               his
               Neck
            
             ;
             The
             next
             
               Broke
               his
               Heart
            
             ;
             And
             every
             one
             of
             them
             
               Broke
               his
               Vows
               to
               God
            
             ,
             and
             his
             Promises
             to
             his
             Subjects
             .
             The
             First
             of
             them
             came
             to
             an
             
               untimely
               End
            
             ;
             The
             second
             died
             with
             
               Trouble
               of
               Mind
            
             ;
             The
             two
             next
             were
             deposed
             from
             Government
             ,
             and
             
               violently
               put
               to
               Death
            
             .
             The
             next
             died
             suddenly
             ,
             to
             say
             no
             more
             of
             it
             ;
             and
             the
             last
             dethroned
             himself
             ,
             lives
             miserably
             ,
             and
             in
             all
             human
             probability
             will
             not
             die
             happliy
             .
             One
             
             of
             them
             was
             
               struck
               to
               the
               heart
               by
               an
               Arrow
            
             ;
             another
             by
             Greif
             ;
             two
             perish'd
             by
             the
             Hands
             of
             cruel
             men
             ;
             The
             next
             died
             of
             an
             Apoplexy
             ;
             I
             guess
             the
             Fate
             of
             the
             last
             ,
             but
             I
             will
             not
             take
             upon
             me
             to
             prophesie
             .
          
           
             I
             wish
             ,
             all
             those
             who
             desire
             to
             be
             call'd
             Protestants
             ,
             would
             understand
             their
             own
             happiness
             (
             and
             joyfully
             and
             thankfully
             acknowledg
             it
             )
             to
             live
             under
             a
             Protestant
             King
             ,
             and
             a
             Protestant
             Queen
             (
             a
             Blessing
             rare
             in
             these
             Kingdoms
             ,
             and
             not
             known
             for
             many
             years
             past
             )
             God
             grant
             them
             a
             long
             and
             prosperous
             Reign
             ,
             attended
             with
             all
             the
             Instances
             of
             Glory
             and
             Felicity
             ;
             that
             under
             their
             auspicious
             Influence
             true
             Religion
             may
             flourish
             ,
             and
             detestable
             Popery
             may
             for
             ever
             be
             banish'd
             out
             of
             their
             Dominions
             .
          
        
         
           FINIS
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           
             Books
             lately
             Printed
             for
          
           Ric.
           Chiswell
           .
        
         
           THe
           Case
           of
           Allegiance
           in
           our
           present
           circumstances
           considered
           ,
           in
           a
           Letter
           from
           a
           Minister
           in
           the
           City
           ,
           to
           a
           Minister
           in
           the
           Country
           .
        
         
           A
           Breviate
           of
           the
           State
           of
           Scotland
           in
           its
           Government
           ,
           Supream
           Courts
           ,
           Officers
           of
           State
           ,
           Inferiour
           Officers
           .
           Offices
           and
           Inferiour
           Courts
           Districts
           ,
           Jurisdictions
           ,
           Burroughs
           Royal
           ,
           and
           Free
           Corporations
           .
           Fol.
           
        
         
           Some
           Considerations
           touching
           Succession
           and
           Allegiance
           .
        
         
           A
           Discourse
           concerning
           the
           Worship
           of
           Images
           ;
           preached
           before
           the
           University
           of
           Oxford
           :
           By
           
             George
             Tully
          
           Sub-Dean
           of
           York
           ,
           for
           which
           he
           was
           Suspended
           .
        
         
           Reflexions
           upon
           the
           late
           Great
           Revolution
           :
           Written
           by
           a
           Lay-Hand
           in
           the
           Country
           ,
           for
           the
           satisfaction
           of
           some
           Neighbours
           .
        
         
           The
           History
           of
           the
           Dissertion
           ;
           or
           an
           Account
           of
           all
           the
           publick
           Affairs
           in
           England
           ,
           from
           the
           beginning
           of
           September
           1688.
           to
           the
           Twelfth
           of
           February
           following
           .
           With
           an
           Answer
           to
           a
           Piece
           call'd
           ,
           The
           Dissertion
           discussed
           ,
           in
           a
           Letter
           to
           a
           Country
           Gentleman
           :
           By
           a
           Person
           of
           Quality
           .
        
         
           K.
           William
           and
           K.
           Lewis
           ,
           wherein
           is
           set
           forth
           the
           inevitable
           necessity
           these
           Nations
           lie
           under
           of
           submitting
           wholly
           to
           one
           or
           other
           
           of
           these
           Kings
           ;
           And
           that
           the
           matter
           in
           Controversie
           is
           not
           now
           between
           K.
           William
           and
           K.
           James
           ,
           but
           between
           K.
           William
           and
           K.
           Lewis
           of
           France
           ,
           for
           the
           Government
           of
           these
           Nations
           .
        
         
           An
           Examination
           of
           the
           Scruples
           of
           those
           who
           refuse
           to
           take
           the
           Oath
           of
           Allegiance
           ,
           by
           a
           Divine
           of
           the
           Church
           of
           England
           .
        
         
           A
           Dialogue
           betwixt
           two
           Friends
           ,
           a
           Jacobite
           and
           a
           Williamite
           ;
           occasion'd
           by
           the
           sate
           Revolution
           of
           Affairs
           ,
           and
           the
           Oath
           of
           Allegiance
           .
        
         
           An
           Account
           of
           the
           Reasons
           which
           induced
           Charles
           the
           Second
           ,
           King
           of
           England
           ,
           to
           declare
           War
           against
           the
           States-General
           of
           the
           United
           Provinces
           in
           1672.
           
           And
           of
           the
           
             Private
             League
          
           which
           he
           entred
           into
           at
           the
           same
           Time
           with
           the
           
             French
             King
          
           to
           carry
           it
           on
           ,
           and
           to
           establish
           Popery
           in
           
             England
             ,
             Scotland
          
           ,
           and
           Ireland
           ,
           as
           they
           are
           set
           down
           in
           the
           
             History
             of
             the
             Dutch
             War
          
           ;
           printed
           in
           French
           at
           Paris
           ,
           with
           the
           priviledge
           of
           the
           
             French
             King
          
           ,
           1682.
           
           Which
           Book
           he
           caused
           to
           be
           immediately
           suppress'd
           at
           the
           Instance
           of
           the
           English
           Ambassador
           .
           Fol.
           
        
         
           An
           Account
           of
           the
           Private
           League
           betwixt
           the
           late
           King
           James
           the
           Second
           ,
           and
           the
           French
           King.
           Fol.
           
        
         
           The
           Case
           of
           the
           Oaths
           Stated
           .
           4to
           .
        
         
           The
           Answer
           of
           a
           Protestant
           Gentleman
           in
           
           Ireland
           to
           a
           late
           Popish
           Letter
           of
           
             N.
             N
          
           upon
           a
           Discourse
           between
           them
           ,
           concerning
           the
           present
           posture
           of
           that
           Country
           ,
           and
           the
           part
           fit
           for
           those
           concern'd
           there
           to
           Act
           in
           it
           .
           4to
        
         
           An
           Apology
           for
           the
           Protestants
           of
           Ireland
           ,
           in
           a
           brief
           Narative
           of
           the
           late
           Revolutions
           in
           that
           Kingdom
           ;
           and
           an
           Account
           of
           the
           present
           State
           thereof
           :
           By
           a
           Gentlemen
           of
           Quality
           ●to
           .
        
         
           A
           Letter
           from
           a
           French
           Lawyer
           to
           an
           English
           Gentleman
           ,
           upon
           the
           present
           Revolution
           .
           4to
        
         
           
             Scriptorum
             Ecclesiasticorum
             Historia
             Literaria
             a
             Christo
             nato
             usque
             ad
             Saeculum
          
           XIV
           .
           
             Facili
             ethodo
             digesta
             .
             Qua
             de
             Vita
             illorum
             ac
             Rebus
             gestis
             ,
             de
             Secta
             ,
             Dogmatibus
             ,
             Elogio
             ,
             Stylo
             ;
             de
             Scriptis
             genuinis
             ,
             dubiis
             ,
             supposititiis
             ,
             ineditis
             ,
             deperditis
             ,
             Fragmentis
             ;
             deque
             variis
             Operum
             Editionibus
             perspicue
             agitur
             .
             Accedunt
             Scriptores
             Gentiles
             ,
             Christianae
             Religionis
             Oppugnatores
             &
             cujusvis
             Saeculi
             Breviarium
             .
             I
             〈…〉
             untur
             suis
             locis
             Veterum
             aliquot
             Opuscula
             &
             ●ragmenta
             ,
             tum
             Graeca
             ,
             tum
             Latina
             hactenus
             inedita
             .
             Praemissa
             denique
             Prolegomena
             ,
             quibus
             〈…〉
             ma
             ad
             Antiquitatis
             Ecclesiasticae
             studium
             spe
             〈…〉
             ia
             traduntur
             .
          
           Opus
           Indicibus
           necessariis
           ●uctum
           .
           Autore
           
             GVILIELMO
             CAVE
          
           ,
           SS
           .
           
             Theol.
             Profes
             .
             Canonico
             Windesoriensi
             .
             Accedit
             ab
             Alia
             Manu
             Appendix
             ab
             ineunte
             Saeculo
          
           XIV
           .
           
             ad
             Annum
             usque
          
           MDXVII
           .
           Fol.
           1689.