The Buckler of bodilie health whereby health may bee defended, and sickesse repelled: consecrate by the au[thor] the vse of his cou[...] [...]shing from his heart (though it were to his hurt) to see the fruites of his labour on the constant wellfare of all his countrie-men. By Mr. Iohn Makluire, Doctor in Medicine. Makluire, John. 1630 Approx. 159 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 76 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2005-10 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A06768 STC 17207 ESTC S104449 99840187 99840187 4663 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A06768) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 4663) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1475-1640 ; 851:10) The Buckler of bodilie health whereby health may bee defended, and sickesse repelled: consecrate by the au[thor] the vse of his cou[...] [...]shing from his heart (though it were to his hurt) to see the fruites of his labour on the constant wellfare of all his countrie-men. By Mr. Iohn Makluire, Doctor in Medicine. Makluire, John. [14], 133, [1] p. Printed by Iohn Wreittoun, Edinburgh : 1630. Running title reads: The buckler of health. Slight print show-through; some pages stained; title page stained, with some loss of print. Reproduction of the original in the British Library. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. 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Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site . eng Health -- Early works to 1800. 2004-10 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2004-12 Apex CoVantage Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2005-01 Ben Griffin Sampled and proofread 2005-01 Ben Griffin Text and markup reviewed and edited 2005-04 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion THE BVCKLER OF BODILIE HEALTH , Whereby Health may bee defended , and sicknesse repelled ; consecrate by the Au 〈…〉 the vse of his Cou 〈…〉 〈…〉 shing from his heart ( though it were to his hurt ) to see the fruites of his labour on the constant wellfare of all his Countrie-men . By Mr. IOHN MAKLUIRE , Doctor in Medicine . EDINBVRGH Printed by Iohn Wreittoun 1630. TO THE MOST NOBLE , WORTHIE , AND GENEROVS LORDS , MY L. CHANCELLER , PRESIDENT , and the rest of the Lords of his Maiesties most honorable privie Counsell . MY LORDS , THE Philosophers , who haue seriously by contemplation considered the nature of man , haue learned into the schoole of veritie , that he is the chiefe of all creatures vnder the Sunne , seing all things in this theater to be made for his vse , the Heaven , the elements , and all that doth depend of them appointed for his service : Moreover they found such perfection in his fabricke , so great miracles in his works , that they could not find any thing in all this vniverse , to whom they should licken him well except the world it selfe , so they haue called him Microcosme , or little world , being ( as Plutarch sayeth ) the abridgment of the whole globe : For it is certaine that GOD in the creation made all things before man , and when hee was going about to make him , hee made an reflexion of his divinitie , and tooke a view of all his workes , that he might print in this his last worke the quintessence all other , with the beams of his owne image : as man surpasseth the rest of the creatures in dignitie ; so the Magistrates private men : but amongst the Magistrates of this Kingdome , your LL. keepe the first ranke both by place and worth : for in maintaining of peace and banishing of troubles , in advancing and approving of the good , and suppressing the evill , your LL. haue given an cleare manifestation of both prudencie and vigilancie . I knowing how your LL. did affect these who study to the well of the publick haue made bold to publish this smal work with your L names in the frontispice of it , as most due to you : nam vestri interest ne quid detrimenti respublica capiat . Truely if the smyling brightnesse of your LL. sweetly shinning countenance had not glansed on my dazled eyes , should haue beene forced with Diogenes in the day light with a candle to looke for a man festered with the milke of letters , and now become a father and favourer of all such , whose emolument depends from the advancement of vertuous studies Your LL. presence at the entrie , Will preserue it from the virulent byting of viperous invyers , and so shall incourage me to imploy the small talent the Lord hath imparted to me to your LL. service , and the vse of the publick as your LL. Most humble servant I. Macluire D. M. TO THE TRVELY NOBILITATE HONORABLE , AND GENEROVS GENTLEMAN , IAMES MONTGOMERY ESQVIER , SONNE TO MY LORD VISCOVNT OF the Airds , in the Kingdome of IRELAND : Health . Right Honorable , and worthie Sir : HAving after a long calculation found out tyme of my conception , almost doubting of the father , ( as few honest women doe ) I knew in end the childe belonged by right to you , which ( yet honest woman like ) I present to you , willing it should carie your name in the fore-front : Reject it not Sir , either by reason of the vnlawfuluesse of the tyme , being now eleven yeeres past since my first conception , where others take but eleven months at the most : the first lineaments being drawne , and carefully : yee , fatherly , vnder the cover of your wings by heate till it tooke lyfe , hatched in the Vniversitie of St. Androws eleven yeares since : or because of the vnlikenesse of the birth , which doth not resemble you the father , ( yet it is no wonder Sir ) it being ( babe like ) toothlesse , tonguelesse , sightlesse , noselesse : yea , wholly senslesse , and so vnable to bite againe the backbytter , or make answere to the Critick babler , to flee the Viper in the way , ●r smell a farre of the sclanderous Censurer , whose throate is become an open sepulcher : You Sir the father , having with the proportion of the members the sharpnesse of the senses , and sweete harmony of these outward decorments , that inward ornament of all , to wit , these eminent faculties of the soule , which kithes in your conception , graue and solideratiocination , and memorie furnished from former observations , with a copious matter to all sorte of wholesome discourse , so that in-bred naturall wisedome , and painfull acquired learning , hath made you Sir ( absit verbo invidia ) justly to be thought by me ( who scarcely seeth any thing clearely ) 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , a just dimension of all things , required in a noble generous mynd , and a properly proportioned person . Receaue therefore this silly babe Sir , and let the perfections which are in you , supplie the defects that are in it maintaine it by your authoritie from the vnchristen : yea , vncharitable railing tongues and ryving hands of all Waspe-like searchers of poysoun amongst hony flowers , divel-like by invy hinderers never authors or furtherers of any good enterprise , aiming at the well of the publick , but them I regarde not : laugh you Sir , and let them lightly it ; receaue you it , let them reject it : to you Sir only being consecrate , I doe offer it as a sure badge of my constant desire out of ardent affection Sir to liue and die , Your most affectioned servant , IOHN Makluire , Doctor in Medicine . TO THE READER . REceaue gentle Reader this little treatile with that mynd it is presented , which is humble without alledged pride , and sincere without affected fard : only desirous to serue GOD , for which end I was formed , and the countrie to which end I was called : least now I should be idle , while the Sunne of knowledge is eclipsed by the clowds of ignorance , which hath bred such an apprehension of supposed weaknesse in the mynds of many , when this science is inclosed in the person of a young professor : that old ignorant ruffians , practised Man-slayers , are repute only worthie Physitians , whose best cure hath beene vpon their owne purse , if they haue bene but a by-stander in some desperate recoverie , they are sclandered with it , though guiltlesse , and this hath bred their reputation , to whom if once yee send your vrine , yee must resolue to be sick howsoever , for they will never leaue examining of it , till they haue shaked it in a disease . Of such our countrie and citie is filled , for none from the Preacher to the cobler , or the Lady to the landres , but all doctorate deceavers : by this the sorcerer venteth his divelrie : the seminarie Priest his Poperie . To you be it said my Lords of his Majesties Counsell and Session , and on you be laide the blood of th●se poore ignorant innocents , dayly precipitate to their graue . By this neglect GOD is bereft of his servants , and the King of his subjects : helpe this my Lords , and let not this old science , commanded of GOD , followed by Kings and Princes , imbraced of all , and renowmed by all , over all , secund to none , ( divinitie except ) decay amongst you , and restraine pantodidactos extravagant spirit , ( more ignorant than the Oxe or Asse , while hee knoweth not his owne cribbe ) within the borders of his profession , showing whatsoever his vocation bee , Mr. Perkins superscription of his bookes , Minister verbies , hoc vnum age , that medicine flourishing in this Kingdome , not only my old Lord Doctor , but also young Master Doctor may liue by the labour of his hands , destitute of other lands . In IO AN. MAKLVIREVM ( siue lyradem ) 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . AOnidum pater est , idem est Asclepii , Apollo ; Illius inventum est ars metrica & medica . Verum Asclepiadis citharamque & Paeonis artem , Musarum vt famulis tradidit Aoniam . ●ieridum nato simul atque Epidaurii alumno Phoebus avus Lyradae donat vtramque lyram . Macte lyrâ vtrâvis , canones dignate modosque Tradere Paeonios , ludere & Aonios . Ludebat G. Sibbaldus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . In Authoris nomen , Mak. hoc est filius . Lure , id est esca . PErge salutiferam sic impertirier escam , Iure salutiferae diceris filius escae . In Libri inscriptionem MIlitia est quicquid mortales degimus aevi : Quàm fit opus clypci nemo negabit ope . Mysticus est Mystae ; Medicae hîc Maklurius artis Porrigit , ingenii nobile deig na sui , Qnisquis amas sanam , quoque sano in corpore mentem , Sanus si es , sanum qui tueatur habes . In Zoilum . TEntas Maklurii incassum discerpere nomen , Livide , praeclarum iam super astra volat . Pat. Sandaeus . Author ad Censorem . CVM tua non edas carpismea dogmata Censor , Carpere vel noli nostra , vel ede tua . Candidus imperti meliora vel vtere nostris : Aut alios nostro mitte labore frui . The Contents of this Booke . THE naturall causes of death . Pag. 1 The vse of meate , drink , sleepe , &c. 3 Of phlebotomie , or drawing of blood . 6 A remedie for drunken cummers . 8 Of Lochleaches Blood-suckers , and wicked men Blood-drinkers . 9 Of purges for the body . 10 Of purges for the purse . 18 Of vomiting . 19 The inconvenients of long sleeping . 23 Meanes for expelling the whole excrements of the body . 24 The tyme , terme , and other circumstances of exercising . 26 TOBACCO . 30 Dinner tyme , and meates in generall , 38 A remedie for growne greasie bellyes . 39 Of bread , 41. Of flesh , 42. Fowles . 45 Of Egges and milk . 46 Herbes for eating . 51 Drink in generall . 53. Wyne , 54 Beere , 55. Water . 46 What should be done after dinner . 57 Passions of the mynde . 59 Supper tyme. 62 The Cookes good parts . 63 After supper what , and the Aire . 64 The praises of night drunkards and vaine Rorers . Pag. 6● Bed tyme , and sleepe . 6● Procreation with the circumstances . 7● Complexions 7● Sanguineans and their dyet 7● Cholericks dyet . 7● Melancholicks dyet . 7● Flegmaticks dyet . 8● Age in generall . 8● Bairnes meate . 8● Youths meate . 8● Middle-age dyet . 8● Old mens meate . 8● The carelesse care of a young lasse for old man. 8● The seasons . 9● The dyet of the spring . 9● Of the summer . 9● Of the harvest . 9● Of the winter . 10● A regiment for women with childe . 10● For women brought to bed . 10● For the child . 11● For the Nurse . 11● Of waining the babe . 12● Greedie misers , godlesse heires . 12● Bairnes diseases . 12● The markes of both true and false conception . 12● FINIS . THE BVCKLER OF HEALTH . GOD the Creator made man with a soule immortall , and a body subject to death , being composed of foure elements , of contrary quali 〈…〉 s , which doth combate still amongst 〈…〉 emselues , the stronger stryving to sub 〈…〉 e the weaker , hence commeth many 〈…〉 eases , and in end destruction : Moreo 〈…〉 r our lyfe is sustained by two pillars , 〈◊〉 wit , by the naturall heate , ( which is 〈◊〉 chiefe instrument of the soule ) and the 〈…〉 bred moist , or sappe of the body , which 〈◊〉 the nurishment , or foode of this heate , 〈◊〉 is the oyle in the lampe , of the light , 〈…〉 ich humour failing , the heate must needs 〈…〉 rish : but so it is this humour can not still last , because the naturall heate : doth dayly destroy it , and although there be dayly reparation made by the heate , and the blood that proceeds from the heart by the arters to all the members of the body , yet the sappie or humide substance that is dissolved is much purer than that which by reparation doth succeede to it : for our naturall heate being dayly weakned , is not able to make vp her losses , by as good as it hath loste : as wyne the more water bee mixed is the weaker , so our naturall heate , and inbred sappie substance is dayly weakned by the apposition of new aliment or foode , having still some thing vnlike the former : Adde to these that the dissolution of the body is continuall the reparation , but by litle and litle , after many alterations : heere yee see , that the naturall heate devouring this our naturall in-bred sappe doth destroy the selfe in end . And although that these things doe impose a necessitie of death to man , neverthelesse hee may not only prolong his life ( considering heere the second causes only ) but also preveene sicknesse , and keep● himselfe in health , and that by the righ● and moderate vse of these outward circumstances in themselues indifferent , and ●o good , if rightly and circumspectly vsed , ●ut evill , if not : These are the aire , meate , ●rink , sleeping , waking , motion , and rest : ●he excretion of the excrements of the ●ody , and the passions of the minde , all which are so necessarie to the lyfe of man , ●hat it can not last long without the vse of ●he same , for the continual dissolution of the ●ody requireth a reparation by meate . Then ●eepe is needfull for the disgestion and ●estitution of the spirits , waking for the ●xercises and functions of the spirits , and ●he stirring vp of the naturall heate : and ●est is necessare for the refreshing of both ●ody and spirites wearied : and seing na●ure can not turne all her meate in good ●ubstance , the excretion of the superflui●es was needfull . The passions of the ●ynde by reason of the objects that are ●ffered , good or evill , can not also bee ●shewed : for the moderation then of these ●ircumstances remarke these few Canons ●ollowing . Canon 1. It is expedient for the preserving of ●ealth , and preveening of diseases , that e●ery one whose age and force doth permite , should everie yeare draw blood and purge , and that in the spring , because the body replenished with humors doth readily at that tyme fall in diverse diseases , while as the naturall heate revived , by the approching of the sunne towards 〈◊〉 doth attempt the expulsion of these humors out of the body , from the which enterprise of nature ariseth a conflict , if nature haue the victory , man escapeth : but if shee succumbe , man dyeth : that nature doth thus attempt the expulsion of these humors , it is knowne by these intercutanean diseases , as are itch , pustuls , byles , vlcers , and such like , which wee see commonly in the Spring to fall out . The body in the winter by two meanes is replenished with humors , the one is by that extraordinarie appetite whereby men are carryed : yea , rather forced to eate more meate in that season than in the Summer : this appetite proceedeth from the greater heate of the stomack then , than at any other tyme. The other meane whereby the body is replenished , is the envyroning cold , whereby dissipation of these three substances ( to wit , the airy , humide and solide is hindered , as also the excretion of the vapours by the small holes , or pores of the body . It is therefore need●ull to helpe nature , and light her of this burhen , by drawing of blood , or phlebotomy and purging : And because the reward of Physitians in this countrey being frequently , My Lord , GOD reward you , hath made Physitians to bee scarse , and no wonder , for how shall his L. liue vpon this rent , is it not to content my Lord with the poore folks almes , who get often GOD helpe you , they differ in forme , but not in matter : this scarsitie constraineth the Gentlemen to commit themselues to bee handled by ignorants , who least they should deale with them as that Chirurgeon of Iedburgh dealt with his patients , who forced all them of whom hee drew blood , their wound vnder-cotting , to returne to haue it healed , and being asked the reason of this of his little boy , hee answered , that for making of the wound by opening of the veine , hee gote a Weather , but for curing of the same a Kow , that every one may vnderstand for his owne well , I will insist a little on phlebotomie and purging . Of Phlebotomie . PHLEBOTOMIE then is an evacua●ion of the vitious humors abounding in the body , mixed with the blood , by the opening of a veine . This is either vrged by the present disease , which admittes no delay , or it is voluntare for the preveening of the imminent , when the present danger doeth presse , it maye bee at any time of the yeere , or any houre in the daye or night without exception , and that in diverse places of the bodye , as the nature of the disease shall require : when it is by election , or voluntarie for preveennig of future diseases , the most fitte tyme of the yeere , is the Spring , in the latter end of March , or the beginning of Aprile , and the most proper houre in the daye is the morning : an houre or more after you are awake , hauing made a cleane Ship , fore and est , ( as the Sea-men saye : ) the most accommodate place is the veine basilike , or lever veine , the Chirurgian hauing rubbed it with his hand , or a drye cloth before , for the gathering of the bloode thither , then having tyed it , let him make the incision beneath the place , where it meeteth with the veine Cephalicke , about two fingers breadth , hauing marked the place before , and anoynted it with a litle oyle , holding the veine fast , lest it should slyde with the thumbe of the left hand if the incision bee made with the right hand , and leaning the hand wherewith hee openeth the veine on the arme of the patient , that it may bee stable , and giuing him who is bled a battoun in his hand , for to stirre his fingers , to that effect the bloode may issue the better , and hauing drawne such a measure as the nature force and age of the person may well suffer , slacking the band , let him laye vpon the wound a little peece of linnen cloath dipped in water and tyed softly by a band of linnen till all danger of new bleeding bee past , keeping still the arme all that daye free from all motion . Blood may bee taken in greater measure of sanguineans and bilious , than of melancholious , and phlegmaticks , of young men than of old , and of men than women . Except it bee of such who by often sacrificing to Bacchus , their head takes now and then a giddie startling , their tongue a tedious tratling , their taile a vile wauering . These monsters of nature , shame of their sex , crosse of their husband , and disgrace of kin , friend and allyance should bee bledde in both the leggs and armes , and in the croppe of the tongue , by a crosse sneck to that end , it may bee made slower for talking , and stiffer for drinking , least continuing in this wicked mood , they make their husbands Cuckolds , their bairnes bastards and beggars , themselves whoores and theeues . Iustly many are molested with such beasts , who glames at the turde for the twelfe pence sticken in it : the corruption of our tyme being such that Tome the tinklers sonne metamorphosed in a Gentlman , sutes mistresse Marie my Lords daughter , and Sir Iohn my Lords second , speares out for Sandie the Souters fourtie thousand mark Iennie . This Tom aiming at vanitïe rather than vertue , comes to honours or hornes by his wife , and Sir Iohn looking to geare more than to grace , is often perplexed , while the trash is wasted , by a Masie Fae or a Maly Dae . I wonder that their vnequall conjunctions doe not fill the countrie with monsters lyke Muiets which is begotten betuixt a Mare and an Asse . Of Loch-leachs . Some vse Loch-leaches when they cannot haue the vse of drawing of blood . These little beastes are not to be applyed presently , after they come out of the water , but they must bee keept foure and twentie houres in a vessell , full of faire water , that they may spue out this , while the filthie mudde & drosse is within them . They should bee gripped with a whyte ●innen cloath , for the bare hand cankers them . The place to the which they are to bee applyed , should be smeered over with blood , to that end they may enter the sooner : and when yee would haue them to fall , sprinkle a little Aloes or salt on them , if yee would them to draw more then they are able to containe , cut off their taile while they are yet hanging , and if the bleeding ' stanch not after they are fallen , apply with a band , of cloath or wooll brunt and beatten to pouder . There bee other Loch-leaches or blood-suckers not spoken of here , such bee gold greedie , inventors of new impositions , faith lesse victuall forestallers , and treacherous quarrells , and processe hatchers , who bereauing by these meanes his innocent brother of his goods the entertainers of his life , may bee tearmed rather man slayars than blood suckers . These vnlyke to the former , does sucke the best blood but like the former in others , for they never of them selues fall from that sucking till they bee not able to containe any more ; if ye sprinkle them with the sharpe pouder of Aloes , ( that is with justice ) then they fall , and if you continue to persue them by the same , you shall find them as the former by salt , so they by it are forced to spue out the vndigested blood of the poore , and cut mee the taile from them that is , make them quyte of wyfe and barnes , in whose person they feare the curse of the great judge . These grinders of the face of the poore , shall never make an end of sucking . These as vnworthie to bee thought or spoken of by any good Christian , I leaue to bee handled , yea , justly to bee hanged by the Iustice heire , and if they amend not , to bee tormented by the great Iustice prison-keeper heereafter . Of purging . And because our countrie Leeches , considering the disposition of the people amongst whom they liue ( who esteeme well of no meate but that which rakketh the belly , though it were draffe and satlings : so they think of no physike , but that which sendeth them three or foure score tymes to the midding ) doth carie about with them commonly for this ende ( to vse their termes ) colocinthida , stibium , and diagirdium , violent firie remedies , whereby the body is mightily endomaged : it shall not bee a-misse to consider what purging is , and the nature of the remedies proper for the same . Purging then ( as commonly it is taken ) is a cleansing of the body of the superfluous humors by vse of medicine working downeward , the purgatiues are diverse , according to the diverse nature of the humors that is to bee purged . The humors are three , bile , flegme , and Melancholy : the purgatiues are either gentle , mediocre , or violent . The gentle purgatiues of bile , are Casse , manna , the juice of Roses , Tamarinds , sweete prunes . Casse being of temper hote and humid , being corrected because it is wind●e , with anyse or finckle seede , it may be given to all sort of persons , to bairnes halfe an vn●● , to aged an once and an halfe , or two 〈◊〉 the most . Manna being temperate in qualities may bee given the weight of an vnce to bairnes , and two or three vnces for men , for some men correct the slownesse of it , by three or foure graine weights of diagridium . The juice of roses is hote and dry in the first degree , the dose is from an vnce and an halfe to two vnces , the syrope of rose solutiue made of this juice is from an vnce and an halfe to foure . The dose of Tamarinds is from halfe an vnce to a whole . Sweete prunes are given in number from twelue to foure and twentie . The mediocre purgatives of bile , are Aloes , Rheubarb , Myrabolans , Citrins . The dose of Aloe hote in the second , and dry in the third degree , according to Galen , is from a dragme to one and an halfe , or two at the most , it is most vsed in pilluls ; because it is sharpe and byting , it is corrected with mastix , and being slow of operation it is hastned by the juice of roses . Rheubarbe hotte and drye in the second is giuen from a dragme and an halfe to two , and because it is slow in operation , there is adjoyned to it cynamome or spice . The Myrabolans citrins are almost of the same facultie with Rheubarbe , but that they bind more : their dose of olde was from two dragm . to halfe an vnce , Mesue giveth them to the weight of five dragm . they are rubbed with the oyle of sweete almonds for their drynesse cause . The violent purgatives ; are Diagrid : Azarum and Centaurie the lesse . Diagrid : beeing hotte and dry in the third degree , is given to the weight of ten graines , it is corrected because it byteth sore with the juice of quinces , and gumme , tragacantha , and with mastix , for the keeping of the stomake from hurt by it . As for Azarum and Centaurie the lesse , because they are out of vse I passe them over . The composed remedies purging bile , are syrupes , opiates , electuaries , or pilules . Syrupes , as the syr . of rose : whose dose is from an vnce and an halfe to foure . The syr . of Cichorie with Rheubarb , given according to the same quantitie , but of lesse force . The opiates , are Catholicum , Diacassia , Diaprunum simplex : their dose is from halfe an vnce , to one and an halse . Triphera persica , and Diaprunum solutivum , are much more violent : their dose is from three dragm . to sixe , or an vnce at the most . The Electuares , are the electuare of Roses that is of great force : his dose is from two dragm . to sixe , or an vnce at the most : the electuarie de Psillio is after the same manner . The pilules are pilulae sine quibus Aureae , de Rheu . their dose is from a scruple to foure : Remarke heere that pilules are seldome vsed to purge bile . The simples that purge Melancholie are Senne : polypod . as gentle purgatives . Senne is hotte in the first degree . and drye in the second : his dose given in substance , is two or three dragm . in infusione : from three to sixe , in decoctione , an vnce ; his wind is corrected by anise , and his slownesse by cinamome , and ginger . Polypode is hote in the second , dry in the third , his dose is from two dragm . to halfe an vnce , his drynesse is corrected by glycyrize . The mediocre purgatiues of melancholie , are ; Epithimus , Myrabolam Indi . Epithimus is hote , and dry in the second , his dose is from a dragme to halfe an vnce ; Mesue did giue the weight of halfe an vnce , his drynesse is corrected by rasins of the sunne . Myrobolani indi are of the same nature , that the myraboline citrons are . The Ancients had by these , fumaria , alias , earth-smoake , cuscula , and the bark of capres . The violent purgatiues , are , black ellebore : lapis armenius and lapis Lazuli , black hellebor hote and dry in the third degree , his dose prepared is from 15 graines to halfe a dragme , it is prepared when they stick an aple with little peeces of it , and with clowes , and so rosteth both vnder the ashes , the which apple is vsed , the peeces of ellebore being casten away , it is infused in hidromel or barley water , from the weight of a dragme to halfe an vnce . Lapis armenius is in the first , hot and dry in the second , his dose vnwashen is from halfe a dragme to a whole , but washen to a dragme and an halfe , it is corrected by frequent washing , without the which it procureth vomite , lapis lazuli is lyk it every way . The composed purgatiues of melancholy , are , opiates , confections , pilluls . Opiates , as Catholicon , Diasenna , their dose is from an vnce to one and an halfe . Confections , as confectio hamech , his dose is from three dragme to six . Pilluls , are pilulae de fumaria , which are seldome vsed in melancholy . The simple purgatiues of flegme gentilly , are , Carthamus , Myrabolani , Chebulae , Sarcocolla . Carthamus hote in the first , dry in the second , his dose is from 2 dragmes to an vnce , it is corrected by cynamone and anyse . Myrabolani chebulae are like in all to the cittrins . Sarcocolla , hote in the first , dry in the second , his dose is from a dragme to two , his slownesse is corrected by gingiber . The Mediocre , are Agaricus hotte in the second degree , and drye in the first : ●is dose is from a scruple to two dragm . 〈◊〉 slownesse is corrected by ginger , or pica Nardi . The violent purgatives of flegme , are Turbith , Hermodactes , Colocinthis : Me●oacham ; Ialap and of olde , Sagapenum , ●poponax . Turbit is hotte and drye in the se●ond degree : his dose is from three scru●les , to foure , it is corrected with ginger . Hermodactes , hotte and drye in the se●ond : the dose and correction of the same ●s that of Turbit . Colocinthis , hotte and drye in the ●hird : his dose corrected , that is , the Trochiscks of Alhandal , is from six graines ●o fifteeene , and to the weight of a scruple ●or the strongest . Maechoacham , hote in the first dry in ●he second , a remeedie fit for all sorte of ●eople , his dose infused in white wyne ●s from two scruples to a dragme . Ialap roote is to bee taken after the same manner , and in the same quantitie . The remeedies composed , are , opiates , ●lectuaries , pilluls , trochisks opiates , as ca●holicum , diaphenicum , whose dose is from ●alfe an vnce to a whole for the strongest . Electuaries , are electuarium de citro , his dose is from halfe an vnce to six drames Diacarthanium , his dose is from halfe an vnce to a whole . Pilluls , as of Agarice , Stomachiae , & sine quibus , their dose is from halfe a dragme to foure scrupuls , pilulae cocciae , faetidae , lucis majores , arthriticae , de hermodactilis , their dose is from two scrupuls to a dragme Trocises are de agarico , their dose is from two scrupuls to a dragme : trochiscis of alhandall , their dose is from sixe graines to a scruple . Their bee other sort of purgatiues , which men call purse purgations , and these are of three sorte as the former , gentle , mediocre , or violent . The gentle comprehend the modest , and moderate charges of an honest house . The mediocre are the just reward of the physitian , the due of the scholemaster , and the fitting of the conscientious merchand compts . The violent conteane the gorgeous depursements to the Goldsmith for lace , cuppes , and such like , the persuing by law some tedious processe by the firie violence of these two , the poore purse which ●ften taketh an irremediable fluxe , and ●yeth of the skitter : His Majestie with ●is most honourable and wise Counsell , by an act of parliament ( evill keeped ) ●ath found out a remeedie for the former : would GOD the wisdome and concord of his subjects would admit an other for ●he latter , for then the Nobilitie and Gen●rie should not bee so lukken-handed to other professions . Of Vomitores . Because some ( as bilious constitutions ) are sooner and better purged by vomiting then purging : and seeing it is much vsed , consider with mee the remedies of it . Vomitores then as the purgatiues are of three sortes , to wit , gentle , mediocre , and violent , the gentle are such as doe procure it in burdening the stomack by their quantitie , as warme water , fat broth , butter , oyle , and the like taken to the measure of ten or twelue vnce . The mediocre are the seede and flower of Anyse , the seede and roote of orage , the Latin terme is atriplex , the roote of ●azarum , given from a dragme to foure and agarick , his dose a dragme . The vehements are , the se●de and flower of broome , to the quantitie of two dragmes , gratiola from a dragme to one and one halfe . Some of the Ancients thought it to be expedient for the health to vomite everie moneth , and that after a great carrouse , but this counsell needeth not to be given to the soukespikkets of our age , who asthey drinke like Suiczers , yea rather like swine , they cast as Dutches , yea rather like dogs , it were little fault for punishment to pinch so these intemperate and vntymous abusers of GODS creatures , vntill they were glad with the dogs to returne to the vomite , And this much to you Drunkards . It is heere to be remarked that growne fat men should not bee purged by vomiting , for by the prease , yee will easily breake some veine in their body : nor melancholicks , for they hardly purge vpward ; nor asthmaticks , or such as hath any impediment in their breath , through the infirmitie of their lights , for by it they are much more weakned , yea sometymes torne : nor hectiks , for their body being already worne , is wholly casten downe , nether they who are of a weake ●eade , tender eyes , of a long neck and 〈◊〉 narrow breast , only cholericks , being of strong firme constitution , not burdened with flesh , and much subject to the vomiting of bile , yallow , greene , or sea colored : as also phlegmaticks of a rude robust nature , whose stomack is full of flegme , should be purged vpward by vomite , and that with great caution follow●ng in it , the advise of some vnderstanding man , for no lesse danger floweth from ●he extraordinarie dose of vomitores ●nd the malegovernement of the patient both after , and while it worketh then by purgatiue medicines . I haue only heere for breveties cause touched the qualities of the medicaments , and their dose , living the forme of exhibition , and preparation to the giuers , that takes vpon them to minister physicke in the country . It is to bee remarked , that except the bodie bee so full of blood and humors , that the physicke cannot pearce through them , purging ought to precead phlebotomie , howsoever the bellie should alwayes bee emptie and cleane of the excrements . The patient should keepe himself warme while the medicine is working helping the operation by a gentle motion as also by a little thinne warme broth after the taking of it about a littl● space . And because that the not working o● medicine doth affraight many , it is to b● vnderstood , that some will not moue th● bodie any way , and yet doe little or no harme to it , such are gentle & mediocre medicines , the gentle purgatiues , when they purge not , are turned by nature into the blood , the mediocre into the nature o● the humour , which they purge whithe● bile , pituite , or melancholie , but the violent cast the bodie in a fever readilie , and become venemous , while as nature overcome hath not force to expell them , but the other two being overcome by nature , are reteined within the bodie , so that the stay of them is from a weakenesse in them , but the stoppe of the last is from a weaknesse in the bodie . Gentlemen therefore seing you know both the names and varieties of the purgatiues spare not to aske at your Leeches what they be ere yee take them . Bairnes before they bee eighteen or ●wentie yeare of age , and old men after ●ourtie , ( except they be of a strong complexion ) doth not stand in neede of this yearly purging . Canon . 2. The bodie being thus made cleane , take heade least by overcharging of it yee file it a new , for being in some fashion , weakned by the former remeadies , it doth not shortlie admit that measure of nutriture that it did before , it is expedient therefore to come to your accustomed dyet by degrees , least a new file require a new clense , and too often scowring of the potte although it were of brasse weares it . Canon . 3. Flee mornings sleepe , and lazie lying in winter after six , and summer after seven , for long lying to the health is hurtsome . Because it hindreth the cleansing of the bodie from the excrements , ( and judge you giue it bee either handsome or wholsome to see the midding at the fire-end ) while it stoppeth the passage of the spirits animale , the causes of motion for their expulsion . it sharpeneth , or by the haemorroides o● some other way , it procures melancholie hypochondriake , sometimes the fever quartan , sometimes other diseases , for this is good , the barke of the roote of Tamarisk , and of capres with the foresaid herbs . The retention of the sweate causes the itch . scabbe , pustuls , and such like , therefore it is to bee procured by frictions baines and exercise . Of exercise . Because that frictions , and baines are not much vsed , leaving them wee shal● speake a little of exercise . Exercise should be much regarded an● moderatlie vsed , by those who hath 〈◊〉 care of their health , this Galen , testifiet● in his booke of good and evill meate i● these words , For the keeping of healt● a continuall rest is a great hinder : as i● the contrare , moderate motion is a gre● helpe . By exercise the members of th● body are hardned , and so made fitte t● sustaine any labour , the naturall heate i● quickned , and so prompter for his functions , and the body is made more agil● and nimble in his actions . Heere by exercise I vnderstand honest games and p●stimes , not these debosht lose-tymes , cards , dyce , tables , and such like fathers , and fosterers of jarres and mischiefe , bookes furnishing lyes , oathes , blasphemie , hurtsome to the health of the body , troublesome to the good of the estate , and hinderance to the rest and peace of the soule : I leaue such devyces of Sathan entysing to sinne to bee thought or treated of by ragged ribaulds , and lowsie licentious limmers , the fittest pen-men of such a processe , discharging by the right of a physitian , and the charity of a Christian , all generous honest spirits , who tends the health of their body , the wealth of their estate ; and aeternall wellfare of their soule of such hel-bred conceats . The tyme most proper for these honest exercises is the morning , when the stomack hath made an end of his digestion , and the belly of his expulsion , so that both ●ee lightned of their burthen . Hence we may see how our dayly custome of exer●ising after meate is not good : first , ●hen by this our motion the digestion is hindred by a catching of our meate to ●nd fro , as the Plough-man doth with his ●aill in his coge , when hee would haue them faine cooled , this catching suffereth it not to settle it selfe in the ground of the stomack , the place of digestion : secondly , because the body by exercise being made hote , draweth from the stomack and the lever by the meanes of this heate , the meate before it bee well prepared , which breeds obstructions in the veines within , and scabbes without , our scabbed schollers , that keepeth no fit tyme , nor just terme of their pastimes , may suffice to instance this alleagance . The terme or end of exercising , should bee when the face becommeth red and swelled and the sweate issues foorth through the whole body , leaving it before reddnesse , turne to palenesse , and swelling to swampnesse , and sweate to be like weet : otherwise in stead to bee refreshed yee shall be wearyed , and for dissipating of the humores by the pores of the body , yee shall dissolue the spirits by the passages of the same . Some exercises imploy some particular members of the body , as the Tayler his hands and head , the Webster his legges and armes , the Tobacco man his mouth and nose , the Beggar the nailes of his thumbes , and tongue , Coupers , Trumpeters , and Pipers , their ●heekes , hands , and mouth : the most firie and wicked scolds their tongue , and the ●icentious whoores their taile : these I passe ●y , not having many particular exercises ●o treate of vsed amongst vs worthie of consideration , or speciall delineation , and very few vniversall , except the foote-ball , which often doth more good to the Chi●urgians , than evill to the Physitians by a●y helpe the body getteth : the gooffe and ●rcherie , from the which exercises they come ofter hungrie than sweating , and the ●innice or ketch the best of all , if it bee moderately and orderly vsed . In all exercises whereby men sweates , 〈◊〉 except these that are vnder the sheetes ) ●hese things are to bee remarked : first , ●hat in your gaming your mynde be free ●f all feare , the gadges being little or none , otherwise the minde shall bee in a con●inuall vexation , and neither body nor mind ●hall receaue any recreation : Secondly , if 〈◊〉 tyme of game you thirst , let your drink ●ee small aile , taken in a little quanti●ie , not water , for it by the open passages going streight to the liver , will coole ●t too much , on the which insueth often hydropsie , nor wyne , for by it the lyver already heate is set on a fire , on the which followeth frequently a fever : Thirdly , after your exercise haue a care to cause rubbe away the sweate in a warme chamber with dry warme linnings see that the body rubbed bee straight , least the wrinkels of the skinne doe hinder the issuing of the sweate , see the rubbers bee many and nimble , and that they rubbe not over hard , for this doth stoppe the passages , nor too soft , for it goeth not halfe farre in , but a mediocritie in all things is good . The excrements of the heade in the morning ought to bee purged by sternutatories or sneezngs of betonie , leafes , or marjoline leaues , and by masticatores chawed , which because they are litle in vse , I will passe over them , and speake of that which supplyeth their place which is Tobacco . Of Tobacco . Tobacco is an hearbe fetcht from the West Indies to vs , some calleth it Nicotiana , from Master Iohn Nicote , that brought it first to France out of Portugall , hee beeing Ambassadour for the time there . The Portugalles brought it first in Europe , out of the Iland Trinada , and 〈…〉 om Peru in the continent of America , ●ome tearme it petoun or tobacco . Tobacco is of a temper hotte and dry , ●s appeareth first from the effects thereof , ●s to purge cold and moist humours , as 〈…〉 egme , or pituite : hence it is that it doth ●arme to fyrie hotte bilious persons , except it bee taken in little quantitie , and ●hat for the cleansing of the head from ●hese cold superfluous humours , which a ●old stomacke hath sent to it ; commonly these men haue cold stomacks , hot ●ivers , and weake heads , ( for these three ●eadily follow one another : ) so the cold stomack filleth the head with colde va●ours , and the mouth with cold humors ●s doe appeare by their continuall spitting . It hurteth also melancholiens ( if it bee 〈…〉 ot for the foresaid reasons ) by drying of ●heir body too much , but aggrieth best with the pituous ●●●gmatick , as dayly experience doth approve . Secondly , from ●he byting qualitie that is in it , by the which it moveth vomite . Thirdly , from ●he purging facultie downward . Fourthly , from the penetrative subtile facultie outward , as appeareth by the issuing of sweate , after the vse of it in some . Fifthly , from the thirst and drouth it moveth , which is taken away by the vse of drink . Sixthly , from the wind it dryveth forth and that both vpward and downeward . Lastly , from the giddinesse of the head , which proceedeth from a melting of the flegme through the head , which beeing melted , it stoppeth the passages of the spirits : so the stronger the Tobacco bee , the sooner it melteth it and more of it , and therefore strong Tobacco moveth this giddinesse most and soonest : this giddinesse is stopped by a drink of ale , or any cooling drinke , which sendeth vp grosse thicke vapours , the which doe hinder the further operation of it : and condenseth , or congealeth the ●●egme melted by it . This giddinesse of the head is a reason that some alledge to prove the coldnesse of it , which might bee alledged aswell o● of wine or strong drinke , that doeth no lesse procure the same dissinesse of the head but they will haue it to proceede from a narcotick , or stupefactive qualitie in it , as the chesbow , and suchlike cold things by their coldnesse doe produce such effectes , I wonder how dare they that saye so , bee bold to vse it , seeing it is of such stupefactive cold , and doe not rather abstaine from it , and hinder others also , but I thinke they doe jeast , for if it were true that it were so as they saye , some had ●lyed by it long agoe , specially after so great taking of it : I knew two Gentlemen that after supper tooke soure-score pipes , if it had beene narcotick , they had never drunken any more . The fittest tyme of yeere for taking it , is , first , the Winter : next the Harvest : last the Spring : and no wayes in Summer . The moste proper time of the daye is the morning and evening before meate , no wayes after it , except it bee they to whome of long it hath proved helpfull for the expelling of the winde , and digestion of their meate . The seasons wherewith it aggrieth best are the colde and moistie : these circumstances remarked taken in a reasonable quantitie , that is , a pipe for two : I think it shall doe no harme , yea , rather freeing the head of the great burthen of ●●egme : it preveneeth the diseases that may flow from the aboundance of it : such as apoplexie , epilepsie , paralysie , lethargie and others , but mee thinks the Tobacco man barking as a dogge at the Moone , at these courious observations and idle restrictions of tobacco , ( for so hee tearmes them ) and crying that all men at all time when their appetite inordinate biddeth them , and their purse serveth them may take of it , and it is no wonder hee so doe , for it is meate , drink and cloathes to him : his Shop is the randevouse of spitting , where men dialogue with their noses , and their communications are smoake : in it hee play eth the Ape in counterfaiting the honest Merchant man with his diverse rolles of Tobacco , new come vp out of the cellar , where they laye well wrapped in a dogges skinne and soussed : hee knoweth himself how , and yet sweareth that they are new landed from Verinus , Virginia , or S. Christophers . If hee bee not content with this , hee shall haue more when I come againe , as hee well deserveth : for his wares are both deare and evill ; deare , while hee taketh a pennie for a pipe , and his welcome Gentlemen : and evill , for h● seedeth his guests neither on rosted , no● sodden meate ; but on white , or blackeburnt meate , without drinke , grace , table , plate , truncheour , or serviture , yea , scarce a stoole to sitte on , and is not this 〈◊〉 brave Innes my Masters ? The excrements of the lights are grosse 〈…〉 egmes , which are expelled by the mouth ●●ter the vse of some incisive and deter 〈…〉 e things , as are sugar candy , glycyrize , 〈…〉 sope , tussilage , and their syrupes pre●ared . There bee some excrements which are 〈◊〉 tearmed , when they abound and so ●armes rather by their quantitie , then 〈…〉 eir qualitie , there are semen , and sanguis 〈…〉 enstruus , that is , mans seed , and womans 〈…〉 owres . Either of the which being cor●upted , breedeth diuers diseases : means ●herefore ought to be vsed by the which ●hey may bee expelled . The means for expelling of the seede , 〈◊〉 that naturall conjunction of man and woman , whereby the members are made ●ore agile , the spirit more joyous , ( licet ●ulgo dici soleat omne animal post coitum 〈…〉 iste : sed hoc statum à coitu fit ) shagring and 〈…〉 oller is banished from betuixt man and wife : peace is made in the house , and fil 〈…〉 ie polluted dreames , in the night are 〈…〉 revened , but who may not lawfullie en 〈…〉 y these middes , let them hold downe nature by the vse of others , such as are phlebotomy , fasting sobriety , and the vse of cooling meates . Womans flowers are moved by the decoction of hysope , Mugwort , Marjoline , and other aperitiue herbs prepared in white wine , with the vse of stoues , and frequent frictions of the thighes . Exercise being ended , and the body thereafter having reposed about the eleventh houre , or sooner in the summer , when as the appetite doth require , let it bee answered by meate , which because it is of greater importance than any of the rest of the circumstances , and moe inconveniences doe follow vpon the inordinate or immoderate vse of it , plures enim occidit gula quam gladius , wee shall insist a little in it , first in generall , and next in particulare . Of meats in generall . As good meate engendereth good blood , so evill produceth vitious humors , which causeth diseases . Let vs therefore make choise of the meate , of good substance , of easie digestion , and that hath no abundance of excrements . The qualities of meate are knowne by their temperament , or by their consistance : meates should not bee neither over hotte or colde , over drye or moist by nature , nor over fatte nor leane , but keeping the middes . Grosse and viscuous meate causeth obstruction ( to these that haue narrow passages ) in the liver , milt , neares , and stoppeth the pores of the whole body by a grosse blood , but these who are of a good constitution , and hath the passages larger may vse of them boldly without hurte , for grosse and viscuous meate nourisheth much , if it bee well digested in the stomack , it agreeth well with labourers whose naturall heate is stirred vp by their exercise , as also these who haue suffered long hunger . Light meate and of subtile substance are not meete to leane people , and of a hote complexion , because being quickly digested , they intertaine not the body halfe well , but they are sitting for growne , and grosse bodyes , whose passages through the body being straite , are not well aired , also for flegmaticks , and for these who are of a weake stomack . The reparation of the body ought to be according to the dissipation of the same , wherefore they who are of hote complexion , and worketh much , must eate more than cold dispositions and idle bellyes , whosoever by over-charging of the stomack giues their naturall heate much to doe , ( which is the instrument of nature for nourishing the bodie ) they praecipitate themselues willingly in many diseases , wherefore every one should rise from the table with appetite . All varietie of dishes is noysome to the stomack , because that by variety , corruption of meate in the stomack is procured , while as easie digestable meats are mixed with difficile , also men by varietie , which giveth contentment to the tast , are induced to surfet : but this seemeth vnsavor● to the tast , and vnpleasant to the eare of these spycie jacks , who haue no vse all the day over for ten fingers but to fill sixe puddings , ( and yet a poore wife will fill sixe score in an houre ) whose belly is become like the Britones , who because of his wives insolencie , ( that would needs mount her tyme about ) and of his owne big belly did apprehend he was with child . I would have such greasie barrells for their healths sake to take a quarter of an houres course betweene the Castle-hill and Arthurs seate twise in the morning , comming thereafter ( if they bee hungrie ) to their dinner made vp of an halfe pennie loa●e , two egges , and a cuppe of small Beere : and after meate , for digestions cause returning to their walke ; going to bedde without supper : if this pyning of the panch doeth not make them light , I will haue no money for my medicinall receipt . Let these whose God is their bellie , and guide is their taste ( for they inquire still to Iohn Good-Ales house ) and who are no lesse nose-wise than a browsters Sowe , in smelling a dish of goode meate a farre off . Diminish both of the quantitie , and qualitie of their dishes , and imparte of the superplus to their needy brother , who is come of Adam according to the flesh , aswell as they , and may bee of ABRAHAM according to grace , Christians by profession , and who knoweth but Sanctes by election . Did the Master preferre thee over his house , and goods for the satisfying of thine inordinarie appetite , and thy childrens only ? or to giue the bread of the children to dogges or horse , as our great men doe , rather than to the poore : and shall not thou expect : yea , when the Master commeth , get the reward of the vnjust steward , amend , or looke for it . The supper must bee longer than the dinner , ( if the body bee not subject to distillations ) because the tyme is longer betweene supper and dinner , than betweene dinner and supper : meate should bee well chawed , or if it bee lett over , for evill chawed meate troubleth the stomack , hence it is , that they who hath many teeth liue long , because they chaw well their meate : light , liquide , and meate easie of digestion , should be taken before grosse meate , and hard of digestion , neverthelesse when the stomack is louse and verïe hungrie , you may doe the contrarie . It is expedient that every one should keepe a certaine houre for taking of meate , and this houre should bee when the stomack requires refreshment , the former ingestion being digested , and the stomack emptie : this rule is evill keeped by our morning drinke , ( which sometime makes drunke , and so not fitte for dinner ) our foure houres pennie , ( that often buyeth a pynt of wyne-seck , I had it never so cheape ) our collation after supper made in a three pynt tubbe , ( I can not call it a dish ) of wyne , milk , suggar , and some spyces , I would content mee with it all the day long . This much in generall , followeth in particulare to speake of meate , and first of bread . Of Bread. Bread keepeth the first ranke amongst all other meate , as the ground of others , for all other meate ( though never so good ) are without it vnpleasant , yea vnwholsome . The best bread is that which is made of wheate , good wheate is grosse , full , thick , weightie , firme , of collour yallow , cleane , and that hath great quantitie of flower . Bread made of pure flower , well boulted , nourisheth much in litle quantitie , but it is of slow digestion . Bread made of the bran or clattes nourisheth little , and filleth the body with excrements , and because the bran hath an detersile facultie , it goeth quickly throgh . Bread made of both nourisheth well , and keepeth an open belly . Ry bread is black , heavie , engendring melancholious blood , more proper for rusticks than burgesses . Barley bread is very dry , of little nourishment , and louseth the belly : beare meale is better mixed with ry meale , that the viscuositie of the one may be corrected by the brtitlenesse of the other . As for oate bread it is more vsed amongst vs than the goodnesse of it doth require . Bread vnleavened nourisheth much , but it engendereth grosse blood , it is of an evill digestion , breedeth obstructions , and louseth the belly . Evill wrought bread is viscuous , of evil digestion , as also that which is made of grumly or troubled watter , when it hath not gotten eneugh of the fire , it is heavy and of hard digestion , that which is hardned in the oven is better than that which is hardned on the ashes . Hote bread by reason of the viscositie is hard to digest , procureth an inflation in the stomack , obstruction in liver , and other parts within the body . Old bread of three or foure dayes losseth all the taste , becommeth dry and withered , evill to digest , of slow passage , bindeth the belly , and engendreth a melancholious blood . The crust of bread breeds bile , fit only for these whose stomack is moist and humid : Tairtes , flammes , pyes ; and all other sort of baken meate , are more to the satisfying of the tast than for health of the body , for they are heavie in the stomack , and burdeneth it , and stoppeth easily the passages of the veines in the liver . Of Flesh. Beasts according to the varietie of their kynd , age , manner of living , constitution of body , and of the place where they feade , are different in the temperature and vertue of their flesh . The flesh of fatte beasts is better than that of leane , and of libbed than vnlibbed , because they are fatter , and not so hote , except it bee for these who hath beene in the battell where the vppermost gote the worst , where stricking at their nighbour with over great force , and too good will , hath hurt themselues with their owne speare , for such some say , that a kynd of vnlibbed beastes are good : yea , the stones themselues . The flesh of young beasts , because tender , moist , soft and easie to digest , and of great nourishment , is better than that of old beastes , which is dry , hard , of litie meate , and hard to digest . The wild beastes that keepe the hilles are dry , and haue fewer excrements , and leanner then others : Galen . preferreth the flesh of porks , of a midde age to other beasts , because it draweth neere to mans flesh than others doe , and also because it nourisheth well , and breedeth good blood , but because it is viscuous , it is hard to digest to these that hath the stomack moist , and humide : Moreover , as experience hath taught , the great vse of this flesh causeth leprosie : hence it was forbidden to the Iewes , because they were subject to this maladie . Beefe nouisheth much , but it engendereth a grosse melancholick blood : young beefe is better than old : Harts flesh is of a difficile digestion , and as the beefe ingendereth grosse blood . The goates flesh is better than the bucks and the kiddes than the goates . Lambs flesh is better than Yewes , and Wedders than Lambs , because as nourishing , and not so humide and slubbrye , the Rammes is the worst of all . Old haires flesh causeth melancholious blood : young haires is better and more pleasant : the Coney is better than either of them . Of Fowles . Amongst the Fowles that are about the house , the Hen and Capons keepeth the first rank , they engender a blood of a mediocre substance , because they are neither too hote nor too cold : Chickins are more delicate than they . The Brissell-fowles are heavy and hard to digest , wherefore in France they are both larded and spyced . The Gouse aboundeth in superfluous excrements , is of harder digestion than other sowles , except the wings . The Duckes , and all other water ●oules is humide , viscuous , flegmatick , excrementitious , and of adure digestion , wherefore they are not so wholesome , as these of the land . Amongst the birds of the field the Partridge beares the bell , being of easie digestion , and causing good blood , and the younger are better than the elder . Next the Partridge is the phesane almost of the same qualities that it is , the Quallies are not lesse praised , except in the countries where there is abundance of hellebore , whereon they commonly feade , they are best in harvest . The Doues are hote of nature , they set the blood on fire : and readily of Venus games moues a desire , vnfitte for these who readily doe fall into a fever : The Pigeons are better than the doues , the doues are best in the spring , for they eate much corne . The Coushins flesh is hard to digest , yet it is not evill in the winter , if it bee suffered to hang a while , so that it may become tender . The Turd or Cuzell is delicious ingendring good blood , but some thing hard to digest : Martiall extolleth it highly in these wordes , Inter aeves Turdus si quis me judice certet , Inter quadrupedes gloria prima lepus . Pluvers , mearls , turturelles , are not to bee rejected , for the former laudable qualities , which are to bee found in them . Of Egges and Milke . The egges of hennes and phasanes excels the egges of other beasts , gouse egges are worst of all , except swynes egges . New laide are better than old , and sodden than fryed , and rosted than sodden , and potched than rosted , the soft than the hard . Milke hath three diverse substances , a serious or watrie , whereof is the whey a thicke and grosse whereof is the cheese , and a fatte and creamie , whereof is the butter : but of our Edinburgh milke where the two parte is water , and the third part milke , there would bee little cheese and no butter . Milke if the stomack bee cleane the body whole , and no other meate mixed with it , nourisheth much , otherwayes it corrupteth easily and quickly . Yew milke hath more of the grosse & thicke substance , whereof the cheese is made , then of the other , and by this means it is nourishing , but heavie to the stomack . Asses milke is of contrare consistance , kyne milke is thicker and fatter then yew milke , and so fitter to make butter , it is nourishing and makes an open bellie . Goate milke is neither too thicke nor too thinne , neither over fatte nor over leane , and so it keepeth the middle betuixt extremities , neverthelesse it should not bee vsed , either without suggar or hony , water or salt least it lapper in the stomack . Womens milke is fittest for bairnes or hectickes , because of the resemblance of nature . New milked milke is best , because milk changeth quickly . Sodden milke nourisheth more than raw , but it is binding because thicker . Milke of fatte and lustie beasts is better than of leane and hungred . Fresh butter is a little hote , with time it becommeth hotter , it is not verie nourishing , but it softeneth and louseth the bellie , it is good for the lights and breast . Cheese is not to bee much vsed , for it ingendereth grosse humors , breedeth obstructions , binds the bellie , and is hard to digest , the new is better then the old , the soft then the hard , and that which is made of vnrained milke is better than of rained . Over viscous cheese , as also over brittle , is not good , mediocritie is best , cheese without any evill or strong taste is better than other . Newe , softe , and sweete cheese , is of a colde and humide temper , but the old , hard , salt cheese , is hote and dry , too great vse of it ingenders the stone in the neares . This curious sifting of the nature of cheese , and improbation of the great vse of it , will seeme first ridiculous and then odious to the mourish men of Kyle and Galloway , the quintessence of whose meat ( that is milke ) is cheese , the which the goodman hath keeped for his owne mouth as a desert , ( being neverthelesse at breakfast , supper and dinner , the first , last , and only dish ) and for the Lairds , or the wyse blacke men , the Ministers , when they come abrode : the bairnes contented with froth , crap-whey , or lapperd milke , I thinke that if the bodies of these bodies , were chymicallie dissolved : the princips to wit : sal . sulphur . and mercurius , should savour of cheese , milke , and yet they are as daft as if they were made of Wine and Wastels , which they often speake of , as the rarest dainties they either saw or hard of . Of Fish. Fish are of complexion cold and humide , for being still in the water they must needs keepe the nature of the water , the ●ouritute they giue is more light , slub●rie , and sooner dissipate , than the reparation , which is made by the vse of the beasts of the land . The fish that are of a solide and firme substance are most nourishing and wholesome , because lesse flegmatick , for this cause sea-fish because fi●mer are better than fresh-water-fish , amongst the fishes of the sea , these that vseth about rockes are best . Amongst the fresh water fishes these that haunt the rivers are better than these that haunt the stancks or loches : and fish of a running river , and craggie , with clear● water , is to bee preferred to them that are taken in a dead running poole , or in a troubled muddie water . Fish as milk would bee eaten , when the stomack is cleane of filthie humours , and they would not bee mixed with other meate , least they corrupt , as quickly they will. The drowners of meale with malt , to whom the bone of a herring , or a threed of salt beefe will serue to bee kitchin to a quarte of ale , sayes , that fish should swimme , I answere , in water : but if thou take more of aile , beere , or wyne , or any other strong drink then serues to wash it downe , it will come aboue the broth , and so not boile well . I will not insist in the particulare enumeration , least it should reduce the Lector to a tedious calculation : the generalls may suffice , if they be well remarked : It may be thought a praeposterous order this , to put the flesh before the kaill , but heere I keepe ordinem dignitatis , non methodum sanitatis . Of herbs fit for eating . Herbes in regarde of other meate are of little nurishment , yet they serue some for cooling , others for heating , being prepared in broth , sallads , sauce , or other wayes . Amongst the herbs that are commonly vsed , the lactuce is the first , beeing of more wholesome sappe than all the rest , it cooleth the body , procureth sleepe , and hindereth dreames . The garden Cicorie is of the same qualities , but it is not so pleasant to the tast , nor of such good sappe . The Souroke is good for eating , because of the sowrnesse , it quencheth thirst , procureth appetite , and mitigateth the heate of the stomack and liver . Purpie cooleth much , quencheth thirst , holdeth downe Venus , tempereth the teeth , being out of stile , by the vse of soure things . Kaill ingendereth evill blood , troubleth the stomack , and the sight , and moveth strange dreames . Spinards ●ouseth the belly , and moisteth the body , but they are windie . Bourrage and buglosse purifieth the blood and keepeth the belly open , their ●●owrs are good in a sallad , for to refresh the spirits , and rejoyce the heart . Artichocks heateth the blood , and provoketh Venus to battell , they are good for the stomack , and giveth appetite . Cresson is of qualitie hote and dry , provoketh vrine , and is eaten ordinarly raw in sallads . Menth fortifieth the stomack , and helpeth the appetite . Cerefole and Finkle is good for the sight , augmenteth the seede , and ingendereth milk to Nurses . Parsley is agreeable to the stomack , and profitable to the neares , because it is diuretick . Sauge helpeth appetite , and digesteth crudities out of the stomack . Hysope purgeth the lights from the flegme , by the subtilitie of it : thyme doth the same . Rayfords taken after meate helpeth digestion , but before meate they lift vp the meate in the stomack , Neeps are windie , of little nurishment , and engendreth wormes in little bairnes , little , are better than the great , they should bee eaten with pepper . Carrets , are worse than they , Sybouse , Onyons , Leeks are agreable to pituitous and flegmatick persons , but noysome to cholerians , and to these who are subject to a sore head . But I think wee haue eaten long enengh without a drink , let vs now goe to it . Of drinke in generall . Drink , as I think ( and so thinks the drunkard ) is no lesse worthie of consideration for the health than meate . There bee sundrie sorts of drinke vsed among vs. as wine , ale , and beere , for no man drinketh water with his will. Drinke should bee answerable in proportion to our meate , for if wee drinke more than serves to syne downe the meat , and mixe it there downe , the meat will swimme aboue , and so shall not digest : drink may bee taken more larglie with dry solide meat , than with liquid humide . They who haue a hote liver , and a weake head , subject to distillations should abstaine from strong drinke , chiefly after their meat , but these whose liver is temperate , and head strong may take a lick of the best , quale Deus creavit , after their fruite , quia post crudum merum . It is not good to drink with a naked stomack , for presently it runneth through the body to the nerues , whom it debilitateth , and maketh the body the more subject to cold diseases , as the goute , paralyse , trembling , and such like : It is also troublesome to the digestion to drinke betweene mealles , for it hindereth the same , as water in a pot , stayeth the boyling of it : because while the concoction is making in the stomack , the mouth of it is closed : hence is it that men much subject to companionry , and so to extraordinary drinking , findeth their meate still rowing vp and downe , some for their ease are forced to cast it : It is not good to drink when bed-time draweth neere , for readily it moveth the theume to fall downe , except it were of water after too much wine , eiat supper , or before , and that to hinder distillations . It followeth to speake in particulare of drink , and first of wine , as best . Of Wine . Wine is verie profitable for the vse of man , it stirreth vp the naturall heate and fortifyeth it , and so procureth the appetite , helpeth the digestion , ingenders good blood , purifies the troubled , openeth the passages , giues good colour , cleanseth the braine , sharpeneth the witte , makes the spirits subtile , and rejoyceth the heart of man , as sayeth the Psalmist , if so be it be taken moderatly . Wine is of fiue fold difference , the first is taken from the colour , so it is either whyte or red , yallow or tannie , and black : the second from the taste , as it is either sweet , sowre , or of any austere taste : the third of the smell being of a sweet , heavie , or no smell : the fourth from the consistance , being either subtile or grosse : the fifth , from the age , as it is old or new : Of all wine the red and thicke wine is meetest for the ingendring of blood ; next blackish , grosse , and sweet wine , to them succeeds whyte and thick , or grosse wine in substance and austere in taste , last of all whyte thin small wine : Wine as it is agreeable to phlegmaticks , so it is hurtfull to bilious hote natures , over old , and too new wine should be eshewed , the one because too hote , the other because no heate at all . The second drink is beere , which as it nourisheth more , so is of a grosser substance and harder digestion , than the wine , if it bee but new made or troubled , it causeth obstructions , and swellings , it troubleth the head , moveth the colick , gravell , and difficultie of pissing , specially if it bee byting , if it bee too old and very sharpe it hurts the stomack , and nerves , and ingenders evill blood , wherefore it is best that is well sodden , purified , and cleare and of a middle age . Of Water . Although that water bee the most simple sorte of drink , and the most common , yet because of least worth it is put behinde . Galen . proues good water by three senses , by the sight , being cleare and cleane , by the mouth , that hath no strange taste , and so not bitter nor sowre nor salt , but almost without taste , & by the nose that it hath no smell , adding thereto that it must be light in the bellie , suddainly changed , that is , soone hote soone cold , and that it doth not passe through sulphureous mynes or suchlyke . There bee fiue sorts of water , to wit of raine , fountaine , river , well , and stank . Raine water although according to the weight it bee lightest , yet it is not the best , being made of the vapours which doeth proceed from the earth , whereof some be of the rivers , others of loches , stanks , gutters , standing waters , and of the sea , as also of the exhalations of pestilent places and of dead bodies . Fountaine water is best of all , next river water , last Well water , the worst of all , is stank water , river water is the better it stand till it settle , fountaine water the better it looke to the East , and Well water that the Well bee not too often covered , but that it get the aire sometimes . Canon . 6. After meate abstaine from all vehement motion or exercise , all curious disputs or carefull meditations , discoursing of some good purpose , procuring laughter , joy , and mirth , whereby the spirit may be revived , and the digestion helped . If the great men of the country knew what good these sort of discourses did for the health of the body , and the recreating of the spirit , they would with greater avidity drink in , in their young and tender yeares letters , for the better fashioning of their manners and forming of their minde . And also cary a greater respect to Schollers then they doe : and not studie only to be well versed in Arcadia , for the intertaining of Ladies , or in the rowting of the tolbuith , for commoning with Lawers . So that they esteeme more of a Page of the one , or a pok-bearer of the other , then of any Sholer whatsoever , except my Lord Bishop , or Mr. Parson : this frowning of our Greats hath moved many poore soules flee first to Dowy , and then to Rome , and from thence post to hell : having receaued the marke of the beast that is a bull of his holynesse to passe Scot-free at Purgatorie , not being able to procure the favourable presence , or gratious asistance of any noble for his furtherance in studyes and advancement in degrees , in the countrie wherein hee was borne . O what a shame it is to see a great Man without Letters ! Hee is like a faire house without plenishing , a goodlie ship without furnishing to persue or defend : a Herauldry without honour , beeing lesse reall than his title . His vertue is , that hee was his fathers sonne , and all the expectation of him , is to get an other . No man is kept in ignorarance more , both of himselfe and men , for hee heareth nothing but flatterie , and vnderstandeth nothing but folly ; thus hee liveth till his Tombe bee made ready , and then is a graue statue to posteritie . Thus it is expedient to passe two or three houres after dinner , for the well both of the bodie and minde : that you may know this the better and so belieue it the rather : Consider with mee alittle the passions of the minde , such as joye , sadnesse , choler , and feare . Of the Passions of the minde . Although wee bee often deceived in the decerning of good and evill , following ofter the applause of the sense , than the judgment of reason , neverthelesse wee seeke alwayes that which wee thinke be good , and fleeth that which we apprehend to bee evill . Hence it is , that wee are moved by diverse passions vnruled , according to the apprehension of good , or evill , either present or absent ; the which passions according to the consideration of the object either enlargeth or draweth in the heart , in the moving thereof , they moue also the spirits and naturall heate , so that the colour of the face is suddainly changed . From the opinion of present good ariseth joye , and of the good to come , desire , vnto the which choler doth adjoyne the selfe , which is a desire of revenge , from the apprehension of present evill commeth sadnesse , and of the evill future , feare . Ioy comes of the heart inlarging the selfe sweetly , for to imbrace the object that is agreable to it , in the which dilatation , it sendeth foorth aboundance of the naturall heate with the blood , and the spirits , a great portion whereof comes to the face when one laugheth , by the which the face swels vp , in such sort , that the brow becomes tight and cleare , the eyes bright , the cheecks red . An other part is sent through the members of the body . Cupiditie or desire , and choler , doeth dilate or inlarge the heart also , that , through the desire of the thing it loueth , this , for to se●d quickly , the spirits with the blood from the centre of the body within , to the habite of the same without : for the fortifying of the members that they may reveng the wrong wee haue received . Sadnesse , greife , or melancholy , in the contrare doth in such sort , shoote vp or draw together the heart , that it fadeth and faileth : This hindreth the great generation of the spirits , as also the distribution of these few , that are ingendred , whereby the vitall facultie is weakened and also the rest of the whole bodie shirps . Feare causeth retire on a suddaintie the spirits to the heart from the rest of the bodie , hence the face becommeth pale , the extremities grow colde with a trembling through all , the voyce is stopped , the heart leapeth as it were , & that by reason of the great multitude of the blood and spirits , whereby it is almost smothered , so that it cannot move freelie . Amongst all the passions of the mind ●oy is the most wholesome , because it giveth such contentment to the spirit , that the body is participant by a simpathy . The reasonable passions are called affections , but the sensuall are termed perturbations : the passions ought to bee moderated , for Plato writeth in his dialogue , called Carmides , that the most dangerous diseases proceede from the perturbation of the spirit , because the mynde having an absolute authority over the body , doth moue , change , and alter it in a moment , as it pleaseth . Wee should then affection the objects in so far as reason will permite : for excessible joyes doe so disperse the blood , with the spirits through the whole body , from the centre to the extremities , that the heart is wholly destitute of his naturall heate , from whence commeth first a sounding , and by and by death , of excessible joy , the Poete Phillippides , the wise Chilon , Diagoras of Rhode suddenly dyed : And suddaine feare chassing the blood and spirites to the heart their fortresse , frequently causeth death , by the suffocation of the naturall heate . Canon 8. About the sixt houre the stomack requiring , returne to meate , let your supper consist rather of rost meate than sodden , because it nurisheth more , in lesse bounds , it is lighter , and hath fewer excrements : it should neither be too sore rosted , ( for then it is saplesse , ) nor yet halfe rosted , for the superfluous humiditie is not driven out by the force of the fire . Heere I can not passe by a great vncleannesse of Noble mens cooks , who after that they haue sweeped the pot with the one end of their aprone , and the plat with the other , they draw off my Lords meate with the whole , dirtie as it is : and for to make place to a new speet , placeth the same vnder the droppings of the vnrosted meate , interlarding their owne grease amongst these droppings : and yet the cooke dare not bee reproved , for he in his kitchin is like the devill in hell , curses is the very dialect of his calling , hee is never good Christian vntill a hizzing pot of aile hath slaicked him , like water cast on a fire-brand , and for that time hee is silent : his best facultie is at the dresser , where hee seemeth to haue great skill in military discipline , while hee placeth in the fore-front meates more strong and hardy , and the more cold and cowardly in the reare , as quaking tarts , and quivering custards , and such milk-sope dishes , which escape many tymes the fury of encounter , and when the second course is gone vp , downe hee goeth vnto the celler , where hee drinks and sleeps till foure of the clocke in the after-noone , and then returneth againe to his regiment . Canon 9. After supper it is expedient to walke a little softly , for the procuring of the discent of the meate to the ground of the stomack : this walke ought to be in pleasant fields , free of all vnwholesome vapor , which may procure vomite by the virulencie , or the filthinesse of the smell : and seeing this after supper doth permitte mee to visite the fields , and take the air , come foorth yee also who loue your health , and consider the same with mee . Of the Aire . Such as the aire is such are our spirits , our humours , our blood , and our members : for by , that it furnisheth matter and nouriture to our spirits , it passeth so quickly through the body , that it printeth presently the qualities wherewith it is indued in the parts of the same , and therefore there is nothing able to change more shortly the body than it ; so that from the constitution of the aire , the good or evill disposition of the spirits , humors , and members almost doe depend , we should therefore haue a speciall respect of the same . For to vnderstand the goodnesse of the aire , wee would not only consider the first qualities of it , whereof two are actiue , to wit , heate and cold : and two passiue , humiditie , and drynesse ; but also the second qualities , taken from the substance , as grosse , or subtile , pure or mistie , cleare or dark : wee may adde to these the qualities that flow from the state of it , as constancie , and mutabilitie , equalitie and inequalitie . A good air then hath no excesse in the qualities , that is , neither too hote nor cold , moist nor dry : if it exceede this measure , it is better to decline to drouth than to waknesse , for drouth is still more wholesome than raine : It is also of a mediocre substance betweene grosse and subtile , being pure and neate , cleare and light , constant and equall : such an aire reviues the spirits , purifieth the blood , procureth appetite , helpeth the digestion , banisheth the excrements foorth of the body in good tyme , coloureth the face , rejoyceth the heart , quickneth the senses , sharpneth the wit , and fortifieth the members , so that all the actions of the body animals , vitals , and naturals are made better by it . A suddaine change in the aire is evill , but especially if it changeth from great humiditie and waknesse , to great heate or cold , for the raine having filled the body with humores , the following heate doth putrifie them , or the cold hindring their exhalation doth procure their corruption . A contaminate aire with filthy exhalations , arysing from standing waters , dead carcases , middings , gutters , closets , and the filth of the streets , ( all which if any where are to bee found heere , which argueth a great oversight of the magistrats , bringeth a great hurt to the inhabitants , and a great good to the Physitians , Apothecaries , and bel-man ) corrupteth the spirits , and humors , and engedereth often a deadly contagion or pest . High places ( as hilles ) are fittest for the morning-walke , because the sun beating on them , first doth dry vp the vapours thereof ; but low wallyes in midowes and about fountaines are most proper for the evening . If Gallants ! the health and well-fare of your body , and the care of the felicitie eternall of your soule doth not worke in thee a detest irreconcilable of drinking this tyme , which would be spent in wholesome walkes , and holy conferences , let shame deterre you : For what I pray you is a drunken man , hee is one that hath let goe himselfe from the hold and stay of reason , and lyeth open to the mercie of all tentations , no lust but finds him disarmed , and fencelesse , and with the least assault entereth , every man seeth him , as Cham saw his father , the first of this sinne , an vncovered man : and though his garment bee on , yet hee is vncovered , the secreetest partes of his soule lying in the nakedest manner visible , all his passions come out , all his vanities , and these shamefuller humours , which discretion clotheth , his body becommeth at last like a myrie way , where the spirits are clogged , and can not passe : hee is a blind man with eyes , and creeple with legges : Tobacco serues to aire him after a washing , and is his only breath : in a word , hee is a man to morrow-morning , but is now what yee will make him . And should our gallants bee drunke ? the chiefe burthen of whose braine is the carriage of their body , and setting of their face in a good frame , which they performe the better , because they are not distracted with other meditations , whose outside when yee haue seene , you haue looked through them , yet they are something more than the shape of a man , for they haue length , bredth , and colour , their pick-tooth beareth a great part of their discourse , so doth their body ; the vpper parts whereof are as starcht as their linnen : they are never serious but with the Tayler , when they are in conspiracie for the next device : they are furnished with jests , as some wanderer with sermons , some three for all congregations , one especially against the Scholler , whom these ignorant ruffians know by no other definition but sillie fellow in black , they haue stayed in the world as cyphers to fill vp the number , and when they are gone , there lacketh none , and there is an end . Canon 10. When the stomack is lightned of the burden of meate about three or foure houres after supper , goe to rest , and sleepe : and because a great part of our life is spended in sleeping and lying , wee shall make a little digression for its cause . Of Sleepe . Sleepe giveth rest to the facultie animall , and vigour to the naturall : for when the spirits animales are dissipate by labour , then sleepe seaseth on vs , through the meanes of the naturall heate , which in the digestion of the meate , sends vp vapours to the head , the which being condensed , and turned in a grosser substance by the coldnesse of the braine , doth stoppe incontinent the passages of the spirits whereby the body is moved . Sleepe ought to be quyet , profound , and of moderate length : for sleepe troubled with dreames , or so light , that little sturre doth awake , or hinder it , is not good , long sleepe is worst of all , for it hindereth the evacuation of the excrements , gathereth abundance of superfluities , maketh the head , and the whole body heavie and drowsie , the spirits dull , senses stupide , and the members lazie . Sleepe should bee continued while the digestion bee absolved , which in some is sooner , in others latter : neverthelesse it is commonly ended in six , seven , or eight houres , when the digestion is perfite , then the belly doth the duetie , the water is golden coloured , the stomack is not bended with wind nor troubled with evill smelling rifts , the body is nimble and quicke . Choleriks should sleepe more than phlegmaticks , that their body by sleepe may be made moist : bairnes and old men , theu young men or of middle age , the one to hinder thee to fast dissipation of their fluxile and humide body , through the open pores , the other for the helping of his digestion : after great varietie , and much meate , sleepe should be longer than at other tymes , as also after heavie labour , and long travell . In your lying , the head , shoulders , and the vpper part of the body should bee higher than the rest , that the meate regorge not to the mouth of the stomack : It is not good to ly on the back , for by that posture the neires are made too apte to the making of gravell or stones : the veine caue , and the great arterie , which doe leane on the loines , made warme , sends vp many vapors to the head , and the excrements of the head , that should bee evacuate by the nose and the mouth falleth downe the back , it will doe no harm● to ly sometimes on the bellie , for helping the digestion , if the eyes bee not sor● or weake : The first sleepe should be on the right side , that your meate may goe downe to the ground of the stomack , that the liver , lying as it were vnder it , may serue for a chouffer to it , to helpe the concoction , then turne to the left sid● that the vapors gathered in the stomack may exhale , and in end returne to the right side , that the digestion being made , the chile may bee the more easilie send to the liver , and so distribute through the whole bodie . The members , the time of sleepe , should not bee straight , but some thing drawne in , for the rest of all the muscules consists in a moderate contraction . It is not good to sleepe with an emptie stomack , or after any heavie , or sore worke for the bodie is thereby dryed , and becommeth leane . And because procreation is a thing most necessarie for the preserving of mankynde , I cannot passe by heere , but I must speake of it , seing things remarkable in it . Of Generation . Nature carefull of the owne conservation , so it perish not , hath given vnto everie creature for this end a certaine desire of eternitie , the which not being able to bee attained to , in the person of singulare things , it doth obtaine it by propagation . Therefore the elements are preserved by the mutuall change of one in an other : the mettalles by addition or opposition , the living creatures by generation : The generation of living creatures is by the seede of both male and female , vnited in the matrix of the female , fostered and made fertile in some kynd , by the good disposition of the same : so that for procreation there is required the seede of both , at one tyme ejaculat , or soone after : A matrix of a moderate temper , neither too hote , nor too cold ; too moist , nor too dry : As also a convenient tyme of copulation , the which is , after the three concoctions are ended , and this tyme is about the latter end of the second sleepe , so that thereafter the body be refreshed by a little slumber , and that for the reparation of the spirits dissipate : The immoderate vse of this naturall exercise doth weaken the body , and hinder all generation , and the inordinate doth procreate weake and vnable birth , by reason of the seede which is not eneugh fined , or elaborate : this appeareth clearely in the remarke of Burges , and Countrey-mens bairnes : the one , to wit , the burges being begotten in the fore-night , while the father his spirits was lifted vp , and moved to such worke , by the vse of strong wine , spyceries , and other hote meate being weakly : The other to wit , the Countrey-mans child being of a strong constitution , while as the father wearyed by his dayly labour , doth delay his dallying till the morning , ●t vbi aliquamdiu indulsit Veneri , vxor ne ingrata videretur , ait Deus benedicat relliquijs . Now as the CREATOR did finish his worke after mans creation , so heere I at mans generation , beseeching thee , my Lord and my GOD , who made all things perfect in the beginning , and man the most perfect of all : casting all vnder his feete , to teach him his perfection by creation , and his dignitie by high vocation , that hee may cary himselfe conforme to the one , perfitly , shunning all base deboshing of that divine impression of the Majestie supreme , And for the other , thankefully in serving thee his Lord with all , whereof thou made him Lord , and honouring thee in the ordinate taking , and moderate vsing of all these thy creatures , AMEN . A PARTICVLARE REGIMENT ACCORDING TO THE COMPLEXION , AGE , AND REASON . NOT having thought it sufficient for the preserving of health , to haue spoken in generall , least any thing should seeme deficient , I haue particularized some generals diversified according to the varietie of the temperature age and season , and first of the temperature . Of temperature or complexion in generall . Complexion is a proportion of the first foure elementarie qualities , made fit for the naturall functions : the which is either temperate or intemperate : A temperature temperate , is a harmonie of the foure first elementarie qualities justly mixed for the perfect acting of all the functions of the body : An intemperate is , where there is alway some qualitie or other surpassing , the rest , of the which there bee eight sortes foure simple ; where onlie one qualitie exceeds the rest , as heate , or cold , and foure composed where there bee two qualities excessiues , as heate and drynesse , cold and waknesse together : These are either naturail , as when they hinder not manifestly the actions of the bodie : or vitious , when as they exceed so , that they hinder the same . A temperate complexion should bee keeped by the lyke , and the intemperate corrected by the contrare , as the hote , by cold : the dry , by moist . Of sanguineans . From the varietie of the complexions , floweth the varietie of humours , for the temperament makes humours lyke to the selfe , so if it bee verie temperate , it produceth perfect temperate blood , and so it subjects all the rest of the humours to the same , if the complexion be hote and humide , it filleth the body with blood , too hote and humide , so being hote and dry , it bredeth bile , cold and wake , phlegme , and when it is cold and dry , melancholie . A temperate sanguinean bodie is of a ●ediocre grosnesse , moderate in heate and ●umiditie , neither too hard , nor yet too soft , ●f good colour , mixed of red and white , ●he haire some-what yallow and curling , ●ll the members proportionable , the spi●it is gentle , judgement good , manners ●weete , disposition merry , carriage modest , ●ill , free and liberall , so that they are braue ●n person , discreete , wise , peaceable , honest , ●overs of knowledge , courteous , gratious , ●ffectioners of dames , mirth , pastime , and good cheere : and because they keepe ( as 〈◊〉 were ) the middes betweene the ex●reames , they are not readily sicke . Sanguineans then of a temperate complexion should flee all excesse in any thing , and every thing that is of an excessiue qualitie . Sanguineans intemperate are fleshy , rud 〈…〉 ie , have great veines & arteries , of difficile respiration , the body is heavy and often weary with little labour , the spirit simple , given rather to sottish follies than to serious affaires , they are subject to many diseases , proceeding from the inflammation of the blood , as fevers , flegmones , fluxe of blood , and such like : they should keepe a verie straite dyet , vse cold and dry things , for the correcting the intemperancie of the body , as in their broth , sicorie , surocks lactuces , and the like , drinking of water aile , or beere , little wyne , moderate exercise , much sleepe hurteth , to preveene diseases phlebotomie is expedient . Of Cholericks . Cholericks hath a leane body , thin and hoarie , dry and hard , the veines and arters great , the colour yallow , pale , or brown , the haire red or blackish , the spirit quick , subtile , hastie : the judgment light , variable ; the cariage inconstant , the courage martiall , so they be nimble in body , prompt in spirit , hastie in all their actions , vehement in their affections , impatient , soone angrie , and soone pleased , ingenious in invention ; but proude , bold , impudent , vanters , scorners , crastie , vindictiues , quarrelous , rash , and vndescreete , vnfit to beare charge eithe in state or warre , as vnable to indure heate , hunger , travell , watching , and other incommodities of warre , their sleepe is short and troubled . They should keepe themselues out of the sunne in an aire cold and humide , vsing cold refreshing meates , as by the forenamed herbs , fruites cold or sodden , barly , prunes , melons , cucumbers , and to sause their meat , either boyld , or rosted with ●he juce of grenads , oranges , and cytrons , ●r verjus , they ought to eate much , and ●ften , to vse little wine , moderate exer●ise , eshewing the excesse of Venus , anger ●r wrath , and all deepe meditation . Of Melancholicks . The predominant humours in the body , giveth still the name to the complexion , ●o they in whom through their cold and dry temperature , melancholie aboundeth , are called melancholicks : such are of a body , cold , dry , rude , without haire , having straite veines and arteres , the colour is browne or blackish , the countenance sad or trist . Among all the complexions that are intemperate , there is none to be preferred to the melancholick , provyding it conteine it selfe within the tearmes of health : for of all men the melancholicks are fittest to carrie charge , the sanguineans are given to their pleasure : The bilious having their head full of quick silver , they lack judgement and deliberation : The pituitous are so lumpish , that they care for nothing but to haue their back at the fire : and the bellie at the table : so melancholicks are of all most fit : First , because they doe their bussinesse with due deliberation : Secondly : because they are quyet and not babblers or talkatiues , doing their affaires without dinne : 3. because solitarie and retired , so that their spirits not being distracted , they may thinke on their affaires the better , taking greater pleasure in the profound meditation of serious businesse , than in idle toyes . 4. Because they seeme sad in companie , not taking pleasure in gaming , laughing , fooling or in idle spending of the time , and yet they liue verie contented , when they are where they may recreat their spirits , not having any thing , affords them greater contentment , than to moderate their meditations , and to be imployed in serious matters , ( it is agreable to all men in authoritie , to haue a graue countenance and somewhat severe ) 5. Because they are fearefull when they see any danger , not willing rashlie either to hazard their lyfe , honour , or estate , so they interprise nothing lightly . 6. Because constant in their opinions , words , and deads , for having past any thing thorow the alembick of reason they cannot bee brangled 7. Because slow to wrath as also to be appeased , except it be those who hath beene first bilious , and now are melancholicks , they will haue some shorte fittes , smelling of their former disposition . 8. Because they are commonlie good husbands , and doth not spend their goods idlely . 9. Because they are couragious , respecting their honour aboue all things . They should flee the aire that is grosse and thick , choising the subtile and cleare , shunning also meates that are viscuous , windie , grosse , melancholick , and of hard digestion , choosing the flesh of Veilles , muttons , kiddes , capons , partridges , and of young beastes , rejecting the old , vsing boylled meate often , with burrage , buglosse , endiue cichorie , but no cabbage , beattes , neippes , oynions , sybouse , and no bitter , or sharpe byting herbs , as also no beanes and pease : their drink should bee white wine , or cleare fyne beare , moderat exercise , and pleasant games : long watching is noysome , sound sleeping wholesome , their belly still should bee keeped open . Of Flegmaticks . Flegmaticks are of colour white or grayish , their face bowden or swelled in some kynd , the body growne , soft , & cold to the touch , without haire , the veines and arteres straite , the haire white , the spirit lumpish , and stupide , so they are slowe , sweere , heavy , cowards , sluggish , sleepie , subject to destillations , vomiting or spiting of flegme , colick , hydropsie , and other sicknesse proceeding from flegme . They must make choyse of hote , & dry things which may correct their intemperate complexion , as the aire hote and dry , such lyke meats of the same qualities , their bread of good flower , well hardned , mixed with a little salt and annise , their flesh rather rost than boyld , being of easie digestion , and few excrements , as capons , pigeons , partridgs , young conies , and kiddes , and birdes of the field , fleeing these of the river , as also swyne flesh , lambe flesh , and Veilles , with all boyld meate , all fish , all sort of milk . Herbs , hote , as sauge , menth , marjoline , hysope , thym , rosmarie , and the like are to bee vsed , but cold as lattuces , and pourpie to bee refused , they should combe well their head in the morning , rubbing it with their necke , striving to purge the head of a 〈…〉 the excrements : too long sleepe is naugh● for them , and alwayes while they sleepe , looke they keepe the head and feet warme . The change of dyet according to the age . It is a thing most sure , that although man should doe all that is required for the keeping of his temperament naturall , yet hee cannot stay alwayes in one estate without alteration ; hee is first by nature hote and humide , yet with tyme the heate and naturall moyst is so diminished , that in end hee becommeth cold and dry : so that by processe of tyme , the body of it selfe doth change . The Physitians looking to the most sensible changes , hath divided the lyfe of man in fiue parts : infancie , bairnly age , youth , middle age , and olde age . The infancie is hote and humide of complexion , but the humiditie surpasseth the heate , and keepeth it so in subjection that it can not kyth , it continueth from the birth to the fourteenth yeere : Bairnely age or adolescencie is also hote and humide , but the heate in it beginneth to appeare : so the voice in male children becommeth austere and grosser , all the passages of the body are inlarged : in women the pappes hardneth ; and groweth greater , and they begin to haue their naturall flowrs : It is from 14 to 25 , which is the terme and end of grouth : Youth is hote and dry , full of fire , agilitie , and force , it is the flower of the age , and is from 25 to 35 , in it cholere or bile doth reigne , as in the former blood : Midde age followeth , which keeping the middes betweene the extremities , is the most temperate of all , in it the force beginneth to declyne , but it is recompensed by the gifts of the mynde , which are in greater measure than before , as discretion , wisedome and judgement , lasting from 35 , to 49 : And old age beginning there , containeth all the rest of the life vntill the end : It is the most cold and dry tyme of the life , by reason of the destruction of the naturall moist by the inbred heate , abounding neverthelesse in humide pituitous excrements : hence their eyes are still watring , their nose dripping , and their mouth being full of water , they are still spitting . The division of ages must not alwayes bee taken from the tyme : for some sooner , others latter , according to their complexion , runneth thorow all these spaces , so the sangineans beare their age better than the rest who become sooner old . Seing then the body doth change the temper according to the course of the yeares : It is needfull to diversifie the dyet : and because I am to speake of infancie heereafter , passing it , I will first treate of the bairnly age . Of bairnly age . Bairnes are of a very good temperature : hence it is , that they agree better with the spring than any other season , because of the temperate air ; as also with temperate meates : and seeing their body by the softnesse and raritie of it is much subject to dissolution , they haue neede of much foode , otherwise their bodies in place of growing shall decrease and diminish , as witnesseth Hipp. they should not sleepe so much as infants , but being stronger , they ought to vse exercise more than they : this is the tyme wherein they should bee instructed both in liberall and mechanick artes , that thereby both the body and mynd being coupled , Cupids darts get no entrie , for they should flee all violent exercise , and Venus games , because they hinder the grouth of the body , and being subject to bleeding , they ought to eshew everie excesse , whereby the body is made hote , stryving to keepe a mediocrisie in all things . This is evill keeped by these who pamper their bairnes bellye with spiceries and strong drink , which so dryeth , that some of them can never bee quenched . Of Youth . Young men being of complexion hote and dry , should vse a dyet cold and moist : for this cause wee see they are most wholesome in the winter , because it is contrare to their bilious temper : they should shun all heate either in the air or meate , as garlick oynions , mustard , pepper , ginger , and all other suchlike : also all strong drink , as wine , aquavitie , rosa solis , and the like : or violent exercises , because they procure a fever , sorenesse of the head , and troubleth the spirit : in this age men are meetest for any charge in publick or warfare . This is the tyme most proper for marriage , for bairnes procreate of bairnes , or old men are commonly infirme , either of body or of mynde , but begotten in the flower of the age , when the body and spirit are at the best , are found to bee most able for any businesse : for Venus if it be moderate , doth not hurte thē as other ages , by reason of the force of their members : yea , they are by it made more gallant , and lustie . Of middle age . Men of middle age ought to keepe a more temperate dyet than the former , not declining so much to cooling things , because the heate of youth is past : so a temperate aire , temperate meate taken in lesse quantitie than before , because the body hath left growing , also moderate in exercise , imploying better the spirit than body , flying all griefe and sadnesse , because that age is most subject to melancholy : they fall readily in agues , phrenesies , pripnenmonies , pleurisies , cholere , dysenterie , and other such like diseases bilious , through abundance of bile , gathered in the youth : and according as their naturall force diminisheth , and old age approacheth , they beginne to find a shortnesse in the breath to presse them : for the preveening of these , they should keepe a mediocrisie in their dyet betweene youth and age . Of old age . Old men should striue to correct their cold and dry complexion by hote and humide dyet : and therefore flying all coldnesse in the aire , keeping them by a fire-side , hote meates of good and easie digestion are best , as capons , hennes , pigeons , partridges , veill , and muttoun , soft new laide egges , and such like cheere : fishes are not for them : spices , as ginger , cannell , mustard should bee much vsed by them : they must beware of overcharging their stomack with much meate , for they may readily by this meanes chock their naturall heate , being now but small : it is better to eate often and little , especially they who are decreeped : for they are like lampes , in the which the light is almost extinguished , which must be interteined by a gentle effusion of oyle , because much at once will suffocate it , and too long with-holding will procure the evanishing of it : strong wine , rather old than new is fittest for such , and therefore it is called their milk : it is granted to them to sleepe alittle after meate , chiefly in the sommer , because they are commonly troubled with night-watching , by reason of some byting vapours , arysing from one abundance of a salt flegme in them : they should keepe themselues free of all the violent passions of the mynde , chiefly of chagrin and melancholy , living , joyfull and mirry , rejoycing all their senses with pleasant objects , their eyes with the varietie of pleasant flowers , and diverse colours , carying still some pretious jewels in their ringes , and among others the saphere , the emrode because the greene or violat doth conserue the sight best of any : Their eare with the musicke of voyces and instruments , intertaining them also with pleasant discourses , flattering them in all , and contradicting in nothing : the smell with muskue , sweete waters , and muske bals , and the taste with some daintie dishes : But this too curious caring for a Carion , will seeme tedious to the view , and troublesome to the eare of our young wenches , who looking to the Mammon rather than the Man : and the wealthie estate more then healthfull body , hath tyed themselues to bee helpers , and vpholders of the chivering and shaking bones of an old man , but pleasantlie pulling them downe : the poore man consenting : yea , assisting to his fall , these wagges hungrie for young fresh meate , longe to laufe vnder a mourning weede , in beholding the piafing cariage , and hearing the intysing ; yea , rather ravishing discourse of a young Bravado , of whose words they reape greater contentment , than ever they did of the old mans deeds : A just reward for dotting Loue. Of the seasons . As the vicissitude of the night and the day proceeds from the motion of the Sunne , from the East to the West , in 24. houres space , even so the change of the seasons commeth from his course , from the West to the East , about the twelue signs of the Zodiack , making thereby the dayes longer or shorter . By this approaching or retiring of himselfe in his comming and going , the Air receiueth many divers alterations being subject to receaue the impressions and influences of the heavenly bodies : for the Sunne heateth and dryeth by his heate : the Moone in the contrare cooleth , and humecteth , or maketh moist ; so when the day is long the Air is hote and dry , and when it is short it is cold and moistie , but when they are of equall length , the Air is temperate by the equall force of both alike communicate to it . The Ancients from the course of the Sunne in the Zodiack did remarke soure speciall changes in the Air , which are made by the qualitie & inequalitie of the nights ●nd dayes : therefore they haue divided ●he yeare in foure seasons ; The Spring , the Summer , the Harvest , and Winter , the which are divyded by two equinoxes , the one falling in the Summer , the other in ●he Harvest , and two solstice ; one in Summer , and an other in Winter , equinox is an equalitie in length of the night and day , which befals to all the world alyke , when the Sunne is vnder the equinoctiall lyne ; the first is in March , the other in September . Solstice is , when the Sunne comming to such a point , standeth and cannot goe forward , but from thence turneth his course backward , the first in lune , the other in December : This change in the air causeth a change in our bodies , from the which , according to the diverse season , divers humours doe abound , requyring the changing of the dyet , for this cause wee shall insist in everie one in particulare , and first . Of the Spring . The Spring beginnes at the equinox , when the sunne first enters into Aries , and ends at the solstice of the summer , when hee enters in Cancer , containing a parte of March and Iune , and all Apryle and May : from the equinox in the spring till the solstice in summer , the day still groweth longer , the night shorter , for in March the night hath twelue houres , the day as many ; but from thence till the end the day groweth longer , but the night shorter . The first signe of the spring is called Aries , that is , Ramme , because hee punsheth ( as it were ) with his hornes the borders of the new yeere : the sunne then in the middes of March beginning to recover his force , & display liuely his beames . Taurus is so termed , because the tyme maketh for the coupling of the bulles or oxen , for labouring the ground being fred from the rigour of the winter , and moistned with the drops of pleasant raine : Gemini hath the name from the duplication : yea , rather multiplication of the grouth of the groūd : Pleiades or 7 stars are at the back of Taurus , and Hyades ( so called , because rainie ) at his head . The Poets feinzie that they were the Nymphes of Bacchus : they cutte short often the hope of the labourer : for when they rise , the Sunne being opposite to them ; and the Moone recountering also , if none of the other Pla●ets doe not interveene in hote signes , here followeth many heavie raines , which ●poileth the cornes and fruites of the ground , 〈◊〉 from tyme to tyme some dangerous ●ayes , at the end of the spring , which are ●urtfull to the good of the earth , hath ●eene remarked , The spring is of temper ●ote and moist : yea , these qualities are so ●empered in it , that it appeareth no wayes ●xcessiue , neither in the one nor other . Amongst the signes of the spring Aries is more moist and humide , than hote , yet ●emperately , but in Gemini the heate go●th beyond the humiditie . The spring keepeth a midde temper bewixt the great heat of the summer , and ●he extreame cold of the Winter , two ex●remities , wherefore it is more wholsome ●nd lesse dangerous , than the rest of the ●easons , although sicknesse bee frequent in 〈◊〉 , yet that proceeds from the multitude ●f humours , which the winter hath gather●d in the body : and now are melted by the heate of the season , nature stryving to ex●ell them , such are melancholie , epilepsie , the quinance , but they proceede from melan●holicke humours , which the Harvest before had gathered in the body , such are distillations , cough , and other cold diseases flowing from the aboundance of phlegme , gathered by the Winter : The proper diseases of the spring are scabbes , pu●●uls , tumours , and goute , but these are all without danger , and cause health to the bodie , being clensed from all vitious humours by such meanes : so the spring is the most wholsome of all the seasons , for if it get a body with good humours it keepeth it so in health . Yet if it doth surpasse the limites of the owne temperature , it is no lesse fertile of sicknesse than the other seasons , so Hipp. sayeth , if the winter bee dry and cold , and the spring hote and humide , the summer is accompanied of necessitie with many fevers , ophthalmies , and dysenteries . And if the winter bee gentle , warme , and rainie , and the spring dry and cold , women with children , who should be brought to bed in the spring , doe with light occasion parte with child : and if they bring foorth without danger , their birth commonly is weake and subject to sicknesse : for the bodies by the clemencie of the aire made soft , moist , and open , receaues easily within the cold of the circumsisting aire , so that the children ●ong accustomed with the heate , bestrickken powerfully by the coldnesse of the ●ire , dyeth in the belly of the mother , or ●fter the birth not dying , liveth vnarmed by nature , against all danger . For preveening sicknesse : It is good to purge in this ●yme , and to draw blood : This season requireth a dyet conforme to it selfe in temper , so if cold in the beginning , it should haue the dyet of the winter , and if very hote at the end , the dyet of the summer : ●he meates agreable for this season are Veilles and Kiddes , fish haunting about ●ockes , soft rosted egges : foules are not good ●hen , because they are about their procre●tion : boylled meate is better than rosted , & more drink , & lesse meate , than in winter . Of Summer . Although the sunne bee the father of ●ll the rest of the foure seasons , yet hee carrieth greatest respect to the summer of any , it receaueth greater force from his beames , and is made more like his father than the spring his elder brother , or the rest that are younger : It is he that makes the loue of the spring , and of Dame Flora , to bee faecund and fertile , in receiving the sweete droppes sprinkled by the spring in the bosome of the earth , Ceres doth present him with Cornes , Bacchus with wines and Pomon with fruits . Summer beginning at the solstice , when the sunne enters in Cancer the 11 of Iune , and endeth at the equinox of the Harvest , the sunne being in Libra , the 13 of September , from his solstice in summer , till the equinox in Harvest , the dayes shortneth still and the night groweth longer , and then they are of equall length . Among the signes , Cancer is more hote than dry , Leo extreame hote and dry , in Virgo the drouth surpasseth the heat , Cancer taketh the name from the back going of the sunne , being at the hight as a partane doth , and Leo is so called , because the sunne is red and burning then as a Lyon : Virgo by reason of the earths infertilitie , in that season , the earth being dryed by the heate of the sunne : The sunne entering in Leo , the little dogge beginneth to kyth , and so soone as hee enters in the first degree , the great dogge is perceived : which hath eighteene starres , the little dogge is called by the Greeks Syrios , because of his great heate and drouth , the little dogge appeareth a day before the great , the first the 16 the latter the 17 of Iulie , while the dogge doth make his course , the space of six weeks in the caniculare dayes , hee augmenteth the heate of the sunne by his presence , ingendring many diseases from extreame heate , for the moderating of this heate , the LORD hath appointed certaine North winds , verie gentle , called Etesias , that is yearely , because they appeare ordinarly about the rysing of the dogge , and continue from three houres in the morning till night dayly . The heate of the sommer is so great , that it not only dryeth the body , but also pearcing thorow the skinne , it dissolveth not only the humour betweene the hide and the flesh ; but also the spirits : so it weakneth the body , and ingendereth much bilious blood , from the which floweth vomiting of bile vpward , and dysenterie from bile downeward : This tyme would bee enterteined by refreshing things , as a cooling aire , and cold meates , vsing much purpie , ●actuces , endiue , sourocks , and other herbs , both in broth and sallad , eating rather boyled than rosted , having for sause vinegar , the juice of sydrons , or oranges , flying all spyceries : and because the weaknesse of the body doth not admitte much meate at once , and the great dissolution of the same doth require great reparation , to eate little and often is best for this tyme : drink would bee taken in greater quantitie , but weake in qualitie : exercise should be little and that in the morning , and they that can not sleepe , the night may repose a little after dinner . Of Harvest or Autumne . Although Autumne hath just reason to bee sad , seing his father the Sunne to leaue him , and take his journey towards a strange countrie , and his mother the earth to bee sorrowfull by reason of her golden lockes which are dayly fading , and her pleasant laughing countenance that is changing to bee vnpleasant and shaggring . Yet shee may rejoice with her husband Bacchus , having through their louely conjunction brought foorth wyne , and by the helpe of Pomon many fruites . The Autumne beginneth at the Equinox , and endeth at the solstice in the winter , conteaning a part of September and December , and whole October , and November , from the beginning the day still shortneth , and the night groweth long , for in September the day and the night hath each of them twelue houres , but from thence the day diminisheth , and the night groweth longer . Amongst the signes Libra is more hote than cold : Scorpion is very hote and dry : Sagittarius is more cold than dry . Libra is so called , because the night and day are in equall ballance : and Scorpion by reason of the byting of the cold subtile aire , as a scorpion , making the earth dry and cold . And Sagittarius , while by the shooting of his arrowes , hee makes as it were the ground and all things dead . In Libra , Bootes a signe with 22 starres , whereof the ehiefe is Arcturus , is remarked : The Harvest is cold , in regarde of the Summer , and dry in respect of the Winter : it is not absolutely hote or dry , cold or humide , and so not temperate , as is the spring : for there is not only found an inequalitie in the whole season , but also in one day , which is now warme now cold , as at noone it is hote , at night it is cold : This inconstancie causeth diverse diseases inconstant and dangerous , by the production of humors of inequall temper , throgh the cold it hindereth the dissipation of the cholere , ingendred in the summer , by the which it causeth a change of the same bile in melancholy , which is not absolutely cold and and dry , but of inequall temper , being more dry than cold : so wee see sundrie diseases of the summer to bee revived by it , and many severs , quartanes , and erratiques , inflation of the ratte , hydropsies , lienteries , sciatiques , passions , ashmatiques , epiplespies , and others , the quartanes , proceeds from a black melancholious blood which then abounds : the erratique ●evers of the inequall temperature of the aire , the swelling of the melt , of the abundance of the melancholick humor : for the preveening of their maladies , it is good to purge this season : wee ought to shunne the cold aire of the morning and evening : meates of moderate temper should bee vsed , taking more meate in summer , but lesse drink and stronger . The Winter . It is no wonder to see the winter still weeping because of his far distance from the Sunne his father , regrating still his mother Vestas case , droupping for her husband Titans long absence , who carieth on her head a white vaile in place of her daintie coffe , flowred with roses , and winter with his teares doth pavie the ground with pleasant cristall , but seing the same tramped vnder foote , renuing his teares , hee turneth all into myre and clay . The winter beginneth at the solstice , which is in it , when the sunne entereth in Capricorne , and finisheth at the equinox in the spring , when the sunne beginneth to enter into Aries , it containeth three signes , Capricornus , Aquarius , and Pisces , a part of December and March , but whole Ianuar , & Februar , from the beginning of winter to the end the dayes grow longer , the night shorter , at the end they are of equall length , being the equinox : Capricorne is more cold than humide : Aquarius is both cold and moist extreame : Pisces is more wakthan cold . Orion kytheth his whole force in the beginning of winter , who affraighteth much the Sea-men , moving still stormes at his rysing . The most frequent diseases of the winter , according to Hipp. are the pleurisie , and peripneumonie , because the instruments of respiration are hurte by the coldnesse of the aire , it moveth also destillations by the nose , rheumes , cough , paine of the breast , side , loines , head , dissiues and apoplexies , when the head is full : for to preveene these wee ought to cover well the body , but especially the head , breast , and feete , and vse hote meates and dry : Salt meate and venison is better now than in any other season : rosted meate is better than boyled , spices now are good , and hote herbs ; more meate may bee taken now than in summer , but not so often , and lesse drink than meate , but strong , because the humiditie of the season , and long sleepe doth moysten the body much . A REGIMENT FOR VVOMEN WITH CHILD , BAIRNES , AND NOVRSES . THE good Gardner hath not only a care of the impe and tree ; but also of the seede which kyths by his carefull choosing , and labouring of the ground for this end . At whose example , ( that this my worke should not be manck in any thing ) I haue made digression conteining the safe keeping , and right governing of the ground , wherein man his seede is sowne . Women with child are likned to one bearing a weightie burden , by a small threed tyed to their hands , who going , softlie , and warily may happily bring their burden to the purposed place : but if they bee agitate by any inordinate or violent motion , easily their burthen partly by the weight , and partly by reason of the small string will fall to the ground : so it sareth with them , for if they move violently , or suffer agitation either in a Coach or chariot , or by any other sort of ryding , or if they bee troubled suddainly by the passions of the mind , or vse evill food , smell evill savoured things , behold things fearefull , a suddaine impression of these being first in the spirits , next in the blood and last by these in the tender bodie of the child , the knittings breaking , they readilie are brought to bed before tyme. For this end let them haue a care to keepe a moderat dyet in all things , vsing good and nourishing meats , being more sparing in the first moneth then afterward , because the menstruous blood doeth then abound , not imployed either for grouth , or nourishing of their birth as yet ; it is better to take often and little rather than too much at once : they should flee , all meats of a bytting facultie , also all windie , all procuring either the fluxe of their water , or of their flowers , as capirs , oynions , garlik , safrane , and strong wine : they should vse little drinke , least the ligaments become , sl●brie , shunning darknesse , solitarinesse and melancholie . The first moneth should bee quyetly past over without motion . The second a soft gentle walking is good . The third a little quicker . The fourth , fifth , and sixth admitte greater exercise , and stronger motion . The seventh , eight , and till halfe of the nynth , requires some greater rest and quyetnesse than the former , among these the eight as most dangerous , would bee quyetest and most carefullie keeped , from the middle of the nynth till their birth , a more quicke motion , and frequent , exercise is properest for the furthering of the same . They should shun the companie of men the first moneth , for feare of a new conception , afterward they may bee more bold : also all passions of the minde , because by chasing the blood inward , they choke the child , which often falleth out in great wrath , or sadnesse . Too long sleepe is not evill , from the which they should awake quietlie . They should keepe themselues from excessiue cold or heat , and from the North and South wind , for both the one and the other doe moue a distillation , from whēce a cough , the which hastneth their birth before , the tyme flying alwayes the noyse of thunder , & guns of great belles , and the like : and because that women with child , either hath lost all appetite , or are troubled with an inordinate , as a desire to eate strange things , as also with a paine in the stomack , gnawof the heart , great spitting , short breath , sore head , swelling in the legges , and an vniversall heavinesse thorow the whole body , proceeding from the suppression of their flowers , ( yet there be some so full of blood , who hath them , the first moneths , others all the tyme ) least these and the like by weakning of the mother , doe precipitate both mother and bairne in hazard of death : it is better to purge these vitious humors , than to suffer such manifest dangers . The properest tyme for purging , according to Hipp. is from the fourth moneth to the seveneh ; for the child ( saith Galen . ) is tyed to the matrix of the mother , as the fruites are to the trees , the fruites new budded out haue the stalk so tender that little shaking will make them fall , but being with tyme more firmely tyed to , they are not so shortly broken , till the tyme of their maturitie , where they fall off themselfe without helpe ; so women with child are in lesse danger the fourth , fift , and six moneths , then the first and the last . Women with child should not be bled , except in a great necessitie , least the bairne by bleeding , frustrate of his foode , bee forced to breake foorth before the tyme to looke for meate ; yet there bee some women who are so full of blood , that except you draw blood of them , they will chocke the child in their belly , of such blood may bee taken once or twise . Women with child should cast away their buistes , which they vse , to keepe them small about the middle , and that so soone as they find their bellie to swell : for they hinder the grouth of the child , and constraineth it often to come foorth before the tyme. Whosoever hath of custome to parte with child , through the moistnesse of their bairne-bed , let them weare about their neck the Eagle stone , called by the Greekes Aetites , applying this plaster over the belly and the loines . R. Gallarum nucum cupress . sanguin . drac . balaust . myrtill . rosar . an drag . 1 ss . mastic . myrrh . an drag . 11 thuris hypocistid . acaciae . gummi arab . bol . armen . an drag . 1. camphor . scrup . ss . ladan . vnc . ss . terebinth . venet . 11 picis navalis . vuc . 11 cerae . q. s. fiat emplastrum secundum artem extendatur super alutam ad praefatum vsum : If the passage of the belly bee stopped ( as often it falleth out ) the last moneths , the trypes being straitted by the matrix , let them vse broth of barley , malves , beetes , and mircurial . Of their governement , the tyme of their birth , and after the same . There bee three things required to a naturall birth , the first a-like fordwardnesse both in the mother and the child : so the child requiring more meate than the mother can afford , and greater libertie to take the aire , hee tares with his hands and feete his thinne membranous sheettes : the matrix againe wearied of its burden , doth contract the selfe , for the expelling of it : Now if any of these bee inlacking , their birth is not without danger : for if the whole action be imposed on the mother , as it falleth when the child is dead , or verie weake , it is with great paine , which sometymes bringeth death : and if the child get all the businesse to doe , by reason of the mothers weaknesse , it is of no lesse hazard . The second is a due forme , which Hipp. describeth in his first booke de morbis mulierum , and in his booke de natura pueri , in these words : A childe ( saith hee ) if the birth be naturall commeth foorth head-long , and he giveth the reason in an other place of this , because the parts aboue the middle are heavier than beneath it : Moreover if the feete come first foorth , they in stretching of themselues should stoppe the passage to the rest of the body : so the custome of the Ancients was , ( as reporteth Plinius in seven bookes of his naturall history , ) and is now also to carie the dead with their feete formest , because that death is contrarie to life . The third thing required , is , that it bee quicke , easie , and without great paine or many symptomes . The tyme of birth . Nature ( saith Arist. ) hath set downe a certaime terme and tyme of birth almost to all the creatures , only man hath diverse tymes : so the doue hath her mouthly birth : the bitch keepeth still foure moneth : the mare nine moneth , the Elephant two yeare : only woman changeth , having for terme the 7 8. 9. or 10 moneths : the first is the seventh , before which no childe can bee liuely : the next is the eight , in the which , according to Hipp. and other Physitians are not liuely : the nynth is the mostnaturall , and best of all : the tenth and eleventh in the first dayes are liuelie also , although that birth doth not fall often foorth in them . Now that women be not troubled before the tyme , remarke heere the signes of birth approaching , these are , a paine from the navell to the secret parts going about to the loynes or small of the back ; a discent of the bairn-bed causing a swelling about the privie members , a rednesse of the face : the mouth of the matrix open and straight , and in the entrie of it there is found a lumpe about the greatnesse of an egge a shivering through the whole bodie , and in end a certaine liquor issueth foorth : first in little quantitie then more larglie : and lastly there floweth a watrie blood if it bee a femall chylde , but pure , if a man child . There are three things to bee remarked about the tyme of the birth . The first , that the travelling woman be not burdened with too much meate , for thereby the naturall heat is drawne from the matrix to the stomack . Secondly that the Mid-wyfe doe not handle roughly , the bairn-bed of these who are long in travelling , but gentlie their hands being oynted with oyle : Thirdly that the woman bee not troubled , till the foresaid signes appeare , especialy the straightnesse of the mouth of the matrix , and the eshuing of these humidities . These appearing , let her so be placed that her loins bee free , le●ning most on her back and shoulders , her heeeles bee bowed inward toward her buttoks being lifted vp , and that her thighs bee so farre asunder as possible they can . Thus let her leane rather than sit , holden vp behind by a chaire , or the bed-side . Others standing do bring foorth their birth leaning to their hands , fastned to an hold . This tyme if the air of the chamber bee too warme , it must bee refreshed by opening of the windows , least they faint . And when the paine returneth , the mouth of the matrix being open , let her who is travelling containe her breath , keeping her mouth and nose fast , and presse downe-ward with all her power , the Midd-wyfe softly with her hands helping her by pressing also from the navell downward , desisting when the matrix beginneth to close , least they travell in vaine . The childe should bee received by the mid-wife in a soft small and warme linnen cloath , and that quyetly , least any of the members should bee hurt . This done , the woman should bee laide in her bed , in a darke chamber , with her thighes asunder , least the issuing of the blood should bee stopped , which ought to bee dryed vp by the oft changing of warme clothes , least either by the sharpe byting , or the vnwholesome stinking , it grieue the delyvered . It were not amisse to ty a band of two hand-breadth about her navell , both for the furthering of her purgation , as also from hindering of inflations from cold wind , which readily then entereth through the emptinesse of the matrix , which thereafter breedeth a suffocation of the same : after her delyverie a drink of the best in little quantitie will doe no harme : let her absteane two dayes from flesh , vsing the while caddels , aleberries ; and such like easie digestable meates , and nourishing , for the repairing of her forces , eshewing all suddaine charging of the stomack , either by the great quantitie , or diverse qualitie of the meate : for her weake force doth not admit that , rather come by degrees to the former dyet , shunning all suddaine repletion after such an evacuation , it is better to giue them oft and little , eight dayes being past they may eate more largely , espec●ally if they nourish their child . They should absteane from all kind of herbes , fruites , and legums , that is pease , beanes , and the like . If after her deliverie her paine continue , the Mid-wyfe shall search the bairne-bed if there bee any congealed blood in it , ( as sometimes there is , which being taken away the paine cea●eth ) or any lumpe of flesh : applying also to her navell the secundines or after birth yet warme , the skinne of a Ramme hote from the sheepe aliue . When they come to nourish the child , they should cause sucke the milk of their breast the first two or three dayes , by some old woman , that the old vnwholsome milk may bee drawne foorth , and better supplie the place of it , twentie dayes is the terme of purgation after a man child , and fourtie after a f●mell , the which space they should keepe themselues free of the societie of man , yet these that are of strong constitution , will purge sufficiently in eight or ten dayes . Of the government of the Child . So soone as the child is brought foorth , his navell should be cut about three finger broad from his bodie , and then tyed in the lovest part , and sprinkles in the vppermost parte , where the incision was made with the powder of bol . armen . sanguinis . draconis . sarcocolle . myrrh . and cumini and then covered : bounde vp with a little wooll dipped in the oyle of Olives , afterward see it bee washen in warme water by the Nurse , and oynt againe with the foresaid oyle , his nostrils should be softly opened and his pricke looked if the passage be open : his eyes tenderly wiped , his fundament rubbed and handled , for the procuring of the passage , to the clensing of the stomack from a part of the menstruous blood lurking in it , drawne in while hee was in his mothers belly , the which staying , and not cast out , presently after his birth , or at the farthest the first day doth cause either death , or the epilepsie : It is remarked , that this issuing before the birth doth foretell a parting with child . For the purging of the child from this black blood , it is good before hee sucke any to giue him of hony halfe an vnce , of fresh butter two dragmes , with halfe a scruple of myrrhe , and when the halfe part of the navell falleth away , it should be sprinkled againe with the powder of burnt leade , and afterward wrapped in warme clothes . The member are to be stretched foorth , and made straight by the warme hand of the Nurse , for now they are ready to receaue any crooke or hurte : The child should bee washen twyse a day , in the winter with hote water , and in the summer with warme : neither must hee bee longe keeped in the water , then the body becommeth hote and red . Keeping his nose and eares free from the droppes : being washen and dryed , let him be laide straight with his armes , close to his sides , and his feete together in warme fyne linnen , then put in his craddle , with his head , and vpper parts highest , that the humiditie may fall from the head to his lower parts , layed on his back , for that is the surer , then on either of the sides , least his soft bones , and lightly tyed , by weake bindings , vnder the burthen of the whole body doe bow , or bee disjoynted : but so soone as his teeth doe come foorth , hee may bee accustomed to ly now on the one side , now on the other : aboue his head in the craddell their should bee placed small twigges , or wands bowed , covered with clothes , or in place of these a little canopie , whereby the wavering , and inconstant motion of the childs eyes may bee restrained and corrected , least by long looking too earnestly to any thing a-side , he become glyed , or by inconstant wavering to and fro : of still winking and moving , ringle sight , for a frequent turning of the tender eyes , turneth in end to a habite , which can not be forborne : so a childe by oft looking to his g●yed Nourse , will become so in end , having imprinted by long custome a habitude in the muscels , moving the eye towards the nose , which are stronger than the opposite muscles , such-like bairnes by oft vse of the left hand , becommeth more perfite of it than of the right . Of the Nurse . There is no milke so proper for the child as the mothers , being accustomed in his mothers belly to feede on it while it was as yet blood , and now turned by the pappes into milk : but when the mother can not , being either sickly or weake , or lacking milk sufficient , or pappes competent . Let them make choise of a Nurse , with these conditions following : first , that she be of a temperate complexion , not subject to diseases , of good colour , and proportion of body , neither too fat nor too leane , but proper and handsome , with pappes of mediocre consistance , that is neither too little nor too bigge , nor long and hanging , neither over soft or hard , with the ends long eneugh , that the child bee not troubled in gripping ●hem , with the brest large and great : Secondly , let her bee in the flower of her age , that is , betweene 25 and 35 : one younger aboundeth in superfluous excrements , and older is too dry , by lack of the naturall moist , and heate dayly decressing : Thirdly , see shee be diligent , lustie , merry , sober , chast , meeke , not sluggish nor sadde , no gluttoun , nor delicate of her mouth , no drunkard or vncleane , not cholerick , or envyous , but gentle and courteous : for the child doth not follow so much the nature of any , ( except the parents ) as the Nurses : Fourthly , that shee bee not of a long tyme delyvered , for when they passe two moneth without causing suck their pappes , nature becommeth forgetfull to furnish them matter for milk : Fiftly , that she be not with child , otherwise the best part of the blood will bee imployed for the intertaining the child in her belly : Sixtly , that her last birth be a man child , because her blood is purer , and the excrements are fewer , and so the milk must bee better : Seventhly , that she hath beene brought to bed at the tyme , for they who are before the tyme , are commonly sickly , or infirme : Eightly , that their milk bee of an mediocre substance betweene grosse and subtile , thick and cleare , of colour white , of tast sweete , in smell pleasant , and in sufficient quantitie . The Nurse should vse much nourishing meate ( except shee abound in milke ) and of easie digestion , as wheate bread of two dayes , the flesh of vealles , kiddes , fowles and birds of the field , pearches , trouts , solles , pykes , and soft rosted egges , flying all spyceries , all sowre or bitter things , and mustard . Fruites are not good , except prune-damase , and ●igges : nor wine , or strong drink , neither the companie of man. First , because dallying with Venus troubleth the blood , and consequently the milke : secondly , because it diminisheth the quantitie of the milke , by turning the course of the blood downe-ward from the breast to the matrix : thirdly , because it giveth the milk an evill smell by the corruption of its qualities : and lastly , because it lifteth the Nurses apron , and putteth a kidde in her kilting . Milke is deficient to the Nurse , either from lacke of meat ; great care , too much griefe and paine , or from any in disposition of the whole body , or of the pappes only , if lacke of victualls cause it , cause help her dishes both in quantitie and qualitie : if care , griefe , or paine , cause banish them . Goates pappes or yewes boyled with their owne milke haue a peculiar facultie for restoring of the milke lost , as also wheate bread baken with kynes milke , decoctions made with the leaves and seede of greene finkle , or of anise and milk . The Nurse should haue care to keepe the chylde in a place of temperate aire , shunning the Sunne , the night , raine , and all sort of intemperate season . The quantitie of the milke is to bee taken from the age , complexion , and the desire the child hath to sucke . The first moneth lesse , by reason of his inabiltie to digest much : afis better for him : so hee that is of a complexion humide sooner than hee who is drye : also one that is wholesome , than he who is infirme and sicklye . Diseases also according to their diverse nature will change the terme , causing waine him sooner or later : such-like the season , for in Summer it is not good to waine him , for to give him solide meate in place of his milke , which are not so easily digested : in like manner the region , for in a countrie verie cold hee may bee wained in the midst of summer , & in a very hot , in the hart of winter . Also the sexe for the males may bee sooner wained than the femals : because they haue their teeth sooner , and haue greater heate and force to digest their meate . Hee should bee wained by little and little , by giving more seldome the pape and ofter of other meate . And if hee bee not willing to quyte it , you must cause rubbe the head of it with wormewood or Aloes or any bitter thing . Being wained , Veilles , mutton , capons , henns , partridges , and birds of the field are fittest for them : boyled meate is better than rosted ; soft egges are never evill , so prunes boyled with suggar : they must abstaine from oynions , leekes , sybouse , garli● , mustard , salt meat , or spyced , olde cheefe , baken meat . Their drinke should bee small aile or watter , no wayes wyne , because it easily hurts their braine and nerves , being as yet weake and tender , as also addes heat to heat , whereby their naturall moysture or humiditie is dryed vp . The child should sleepe much because he is of a moyst complexion , and sleepe moisteneth more by hindering the dissipation of his naturall humide substance : hee should ly on his back , till his members bee strong , and hee beginne to vse stronger meat than milk : and easie rocking is best , for by it the naturall heat retires the selfe within , and the spirits become drowsie : but a toylsome catching , tosseth the milk to and fro in the stomack , hindereth the disgestion , troubleth the spirits and braine . So soone as he awakes in the morning , you must haue a care that his bodie bee made cleane , from all the excrements , by the seidge below , and by purging the head aboue at the nose , washing his mouth , eares and eyes , and combing of his head , both for the lightning of the same and making of the haire pleasant and faire . And having attained to the age of five yeares , send him to the Schoole , where hee may with the elements of knowledge , bee informed in the rudiments of pietie , that is , taught to know loue , feare , and serve his GOD The neglect of this makes them first disobedient to their parents , next shameleslie debosht thirdly , spectacles of miserie through their tragicall end , or objects of pitie , having nothing to spend : our thriftie yea rather theifie parents now a dayes , stryving per fas & nefas , by hooke and crook to bigge a hedge of earth about their children , either they liue within this hedge a firie divell , or a sillie foole . The frenetick foole ( when old miser is gone to hell to beare Dives companie , who living , would not bestow a pennie on the poore , or dying , leaue any of his goods for any publick worke , as planting of Seminaries of learning , building of Kirks and Hospitals : ) not able to suffer the heat the hedge doth make , presently maketh a breach , in turn●ng his fathers cape ( as old as the King ) in a silke bever , his two pennie band in a thirtie pound ruffe , his coate and cloake of the wyfes making , in some ris●ing silks and his doubled with panne drop de sean cloake . His course prickes , in stoc●kings , garters , roses , russet walking bootes , and gingling long necked spurres , his prentise in a page . Thus breach being made , where through the Gallant hath past his body , next the tempestuous winde of the vengeance of GOD , which the father had scraped together with the goods , seaseth on the hedge , and entereth the better of the breach : this wind is , some mischeife befallen this Gallant in his intemperat over night drinking as murther , or by his immoderate gaming at cards and dyce , ( the divells two speciall factors ) as losing of a great part of his goods : the murther takes his head , losing , takes his wit , so that thereafter , as a madde man , desparing of recoverie , with both his hands he throweth downe the hedge , and scattereth the same abroad to everie one passing by : thus my Gentleman the last yeere , by the meanes of his geare , supposed a Lords peere , this yeere being poore is a beggars brother , and yet these gentills are very frequent amongst vs : so for one lawfully begotten , and truely nobilitate , by vertue there be twentie earth borne bastards , new start-vps , by the excrements of their mother the earth : if I were a noble , I should be ashamed of such a mother . The silly foole sitteth within his hedge , like a gouse on egges , then presently a cunning catching Lawyer marries his sister , who findeth out some clause in his evidents , by the which hee alledgeth a parte of the hedge to belong to him , so my block-head getteth vp to hold vp his hedge . The while hee is a strugling with his partie , there commeth one behind him , ( a pirate by sea , or a thiefe by land , ) and hee pulleth downe a parte of it : next his wife at home tyed to him a duarfe , or an impotent , either of body or of mynd , sometymes of both , ( forced by her parents ) allured by his goods to match with him : yea , ( if without offence I may say it ) holden like a Kow to the Bull , ( not enjoying , though a reasonable soule , the libertie of the prettie birds , vnreasonable beasts , who doth make choise of their owne mates , ) maketh of a silly asse a horned sheepe : Thus the Lawers chyding , the Pirats or theeves robbing , the wifes whooring abateth the poore sottes little courage , and not prevailing for all his toyling , hee returneth gouse-like to his nest againe , where wringing his hands , and hanging his head , his geare hee seeth spent , while hee hath neither meate , drinke , nor clothes of it . Of the diseases befals Children , and their cure . Although that children bee best provyded in naturall heat and moysture , from the which the life of man depends , yet they are subject to many diseases . Children that are all over scabbed , also that cast much flegme and pituite at mouth & nose , suchlyke these whose bellie is verie louse , if it doe not proceed from too great aboundance of meate , prognosticks a more constant health to follow . The infirmities of babes , are pustuls in the roofe of the mouth , called the water canker , vomiting , cough , watching the night , feare in the sleepe , waknesse of the eares , and inflamation of the navell . And when their teeth breaks foorth , they are troubled with a itch in the gumes , fevers , convulsions , fluxe , and when they become older and greater , an inflamation in the waxe kirnels disjoynting of the vertebres or links of the back , a shortnesse of the breath , the gravell , wormes , cruells , and other tumors in diverse parts of the body . The pustuls of the mouth , according to Galen . commeth of the sharpnesse , and serositie of the milk which easily exulcerateth that place , being as yet tender : Vomiting is from the abundance of the milk , over-charging the weake stomack : the cogh is from the humiditie of the braine distilling on the lightes . night watching , of the sharpnesse of the vapours that ariseth from the stomack to the head Feare in the sleepe , is of the meate corrupted in the stomack , which sendeth evill vapours to the head , from the which aryseth dreames , procuring feare . The runing of the eares is , from the humiditie of the braine : the inflammation of the navell proceedeth of the evill cutting and binding of the same : The icth of the gumes , from the pricking of the teeth preasing foorth . The fever floweth from the paine the teeth maketh , from the night watching , and from the inflammation of the gingives . Convulsions are from the former causes , as also from the cruditie of the nurishment , which hurteth the nervous partes , which are not as yet strong . The fluxe commeth of the indigestion of the stomacke . The inflammation of the waxe kirneles , and likewise the dislocation of the linkes of the backe , are from defluxion from the head , as also the shortnesse of breath called Asthma . The gravell taketh the origine from aboundance of raw humours ingendred of the gluttonie of the chyld , the which going to the bladder , furnisheth matter to the heate , to worke on for the production either of a stone , or of gravell . Wormes breeds of the corruption of the superfluities of the body , and of the great heat of the same . Tumours , Cruels , and the like , of the aboundance of the foresaid supperfluities . Hence it appeareth that bairnes are subject to many sicknesses , which ariseth either from the comming foorth of the teeth , or from the evill nourishment they haue gotten in their mothers bellie , or of the evill milk of the Nurse , or from their evill guiding , by their mother and Nurse , or from their owne gluttonie , or immomoderacie in soucking , drinking , eating , moving , or sleeping . For to make the teeth come foorth easily , and so to preveene the sicknesse that may flow from thence , as fevers , convulsion and the rest : the Nurse must rubbe the gumes gently with her finger , both for to open the passages and also to draw foorth the water that is within , bowing the childs head that the rheume may powre out , afterward oynt the same with oyle of camomile , or sweat almonds , or dukes , or hennes grease , or with hony , or fresh butter . During this tyme , hee should souck lesse then before , also abstaine from all chawing meate , not vsing any thing that is actually cold , for feare it ding back the humour sent thither to prepare the passage to the teeth that are comming foorth , for the eshewing of the rest of the diseases , let the mother , the childe , and the Nurse keepe the dyet that hath beene set downe to them , and so I leaue them . Of conception according to the diverse sortes of it . As conception doth cause joy when it is found to bee true ; so being false , the hopes frustrate , moveth griefe . For preveening these suddaine changes , I haue thought it expedient to annexe heere the markes of both the one , and the other . The signes of true conception . There bee diverse signes of it which are commoun to it , with a false conception : passing these , I will heere make mention of the chiefest : as are , the retention of the seede by the femell sexe , after the lawfull and naturall imbreacings of both the sexes . Next a contraction of the matrix , which breedeth a shivering through the whole body , and a coldnesse a-longst the back . Then within a little space a smalnesse of the belly , especially about the nevell , where it appeareth to be some-what hollow , and when the tyme of her flowers draweth neere , in place of them she finds her papes become hard and hote , at the end of three or foure month the child doth moue . Of false conception . There bee diverse sortes of it , arysing either from a lumpe of flesh , in the matrix , called mola , or from a wind or a watter : A mola is a lumpe of flesh without shape , bred in the matrix , which either sooner or later is cast foorth . It is caused of a little portion of seede i●vironed , and almost chokked by a too great abundance of menstruous blood , and so the spirits are not able to sorme any thing : The marks are one in the beginning with a true conception , as a stopping of the flowers loosing of appetite , loathing , vomiting , swelling of the belly , and growing of the papes . But after they differ , for with a true conception a woman dayly after the first moneth groweth lustier , with a mola dayly worse , after the third or fourth moneth a child moveth , but a mola never except , when the woman turneth in her bed , and then like a stone it falleth from one side to an other : it moveth often by this falling the paines of her birth , without effect . It hath moreover a certaine pricking and grinding in the belly ; also being pressed by the hand , it giveth place or way to the presser , returning againe to the owne roome , which a child or true conception will not doe . Such like the belly is much harder with a mola than with a child . In a mola the monethly courses rusheth often foorth like little peeces of flesh in great quantitie , and then the woman dayly becommeth extenuate , in end all the body shirping , and the belly growing , it resembleth an hydropsie , yet it is different from it by the hardnesse of the belly by it , and in not receaving any impression made by the finger or hand : it brings an vniversall lasinesse of the whole body , with a softnesse of the members and trembling ; sometimes a swelling of the eyes and lippes , a dissinesse of the head . A mola is cast foorth sometyme after fourtie dayes , sometymes after three moneth : others keepe it two , three , foure , or fiue yeeres , yea all their life . A false conception from wind or water . Such sorte of false conceptions befalleth when the monethly courses are stopped to a woman vsing the companie of man , and her belly riseth , the rest of the marks of a true conception concurring , she not having for all this conceaved any liuely thing , but something correspondent in substance to some of the elements , as wind or water : the cause of these is the seede of both the sexe infirme and weake , receaved by a matrix of the same indisposition , by the which meanes the spirits contained in the seede , doth evanish : it may proceede also from a small skinne , closing the mouth of the matrix , and so stopping the issuing of womans monethly courses , whereby the belly swelleth , and is bended , vpon the which there followeth often the fittes of a woman travailling : this is knowne to bee the cause , when that the skinne is cutte , and the blood gusheth foorth , and shee is fred of her paine : To try these sorts of conceptions , wee should try if the woman hath beene troubled before by corrupt , or vnnaturall courses , ( as commonly they doe preceede ) vpon the which hath followed presentlie this swelling of the belly , whereby it differeth from a true conception , in the which the wombe first is drawne in , before it be bended foorth : if the matter of this false conception bee windie , it is knowne by the resounding of the belly beatten thereon , like vnto a drumme : also by a paine of the heade , loynes , backe , and of the privie members . If water cause it , there is perceived into the motion from one side to an other , the noise of water catched to and fro ; also a dropping of a serious watrie mater from the secreete places , which is verie byting , and of an evill smell , the feete , face , and eyes swell in it , the whole body becommeth pale , and they looke like hydropicks , and almost the rest of the marks of a mola are to be found heere , from this disease women become often barren . The not distinguishing of a true conception from the false , hath beene often troublesome and chargable to diverse : Such was the case of a Lady in Burdeous , who after nyne moneths carefull carying of her selfe , least shee should hurte her supposed child , and three weekes troublesome travailing , in end was delyvered of a fart forsuith : Let any man who is feared for to be deceaved either with pillowes vnder the kilting , or farts in the skirping , supplie that which hath beene omitted by me , for I hope not to be deceaved this twelue moneths by my wife , and so farewell . FINIS .