A discourse of natural bathes, and mineral waters wherein, the original of fountains in general is declared, the nature and difference of minerals with examples of particular bathes, the generation of minerals in the earth, from whence both the actual heat of bathes, and their virtues proceed, by what means mineral waters are to be discover'd, and lastly, of the nature and uses of bathes, but especially of our bathes at Bathe, in Someerset-shire / by Edw. Jorden, Doctor in Physick.
         Jorden, Edward, 1569-1632.
      
       
         
           1669
        
      
       Approx. 426 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 135 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images.
       
         Text Creation Partnership,
         Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) :
         2009-03 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1).
         A46281
         Wing J1074
         ESTC R19762
         12561438
         ocm 12561438
         63227
         
           
            This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of
             Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal
            . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission.
          
        
      
       
         Early English books online.
      
       
         (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A46281)
         Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 63227)
         Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 671:15)
      
       
         
           
             A discourse of natural bathes, and mineral waters wherein, the original of fountains in general is declared, the nature and difference of minerals with examples of particular bathes, the generation of minerals in the earth, from whence both the actual heat of bathes, and their virtues proceed, by what means mineral waters are to be discover'd, and lastly, of the nature and uses of bathes, but especially of our bathes at Bathe, in Someerset-shire / by Edw. Jorden, Doctor in Physick.
             Jorden, Edward, 1569-1632.
             Guidott, Thomas, fl. 1698. Appendix concerning Bathe.
          
           
             The third edition, revised and enlarged, with some particulars of the authors life ; to which is added, An appendix concerning Bathe wherein the antiquity, both of the bathes and city, is more fully discours'd with a brief account of the nature, and the virtues of the hot waters there by Thomas Guidott, M.B.
          
           [24], 167, [11], 60, [1] p., 1 folded leaf.
           
             and are to be sold by Thomas Salmon, bookseller in Bathe,
             Imprinted at London :
             1669.
          
           
             Errata: [1] p. at end.
             "An appendix concerning Bathe" has special t.p. and separate paging.
             Reproduction of original in Huntington Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
         Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford.
         Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. Gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors.
      
       
         EEBO-TCP is a partnership between the Universities of Michigan and Oxford and the publisher ProQuest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by ProQuest via their Early English Books Online (EEBO) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). The general aim of EEBO-TCP is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic English-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in EEBO.
         EEBO-TCP aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the Text Encoding Initiative (http://www.tei-c.org).
         The EEBO-TCP project was divided into two phases. The 25,363 texts created during Phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 January 2015. Anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source.
         Users should be aware of the process of creating the TCP texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data.
         Text selection was based on the New Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature (NCBEL). If an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in NCBEL, then their works are eligible for inclusion. Selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. In general, first editions of a works in English were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably Latin and Welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so.
         Image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. Quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in Oxford and Michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet QA standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. After proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. Any remaining illegibles were encoded as <gap>s. Understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of TCP data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. Users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a TCP editor.
         The texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the TEI in Libraries guidelines.
         Copies of the texts have been issued variously as SGML (TCP schema; ASCII text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable XML (TCP schema; characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless XML (TEI P5, characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or TEI g elements).
         
          Keying and markup guidelines are available at the
           Text Creation Partnership web site
          .
        
      
       
         
         
      
    
     
       
         eng
      
       
         
           Health resorts -- England.
           Mineral waters -- Early works to 1800.
           Bath (England)
        
      
    
     
        2007-12 TCP
        Assigned for keying and markup
      
        2008-01 SPi Global
        Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images
      
        2008-03 Judith Siefring
        Sampled and proofread
      
        2008-03 Judith Siefring
        Text and markup reviewed and edited
      
        2008-09 pfs
        Batch review (QC) and XML conversion
      
    
  
   
     
       
         
         
         
           A
           DISCOURSE
           OF
           Natural
           Bathes
           ,
           AND
           Mineral
           Waters
           .
           WHEREIN
           ,
           The
           Original
           of
           Fountains
           in
           general
           is
           declared
           .
           The
           nature
           and
           difference
           of
           Minerals
           ,
           with
           Examples
           of
           particular
           Bathes
           .
           The
           Generation
           of
           Minerals
           in
           the
           Earth
           ,
           from
           whence
           both
           the
           Actual
           Heat
           of
           Bathes
           ,
           and
           their
           Virtues
           proceed
           .
           By
           what
           means
           Mineral
           Waters
           are
           to
           be
           discover'd
           .
           And
           lastly
           ,
           of
           the
           Nature
           ,
           and
           Uses
           of
           Bathes
           ,
           but
           especially
           ,
           of
           our
           Bathes
           at
           Bathe
           ,
           in
           Somerset-shire
           .
        
         
           By
           EDW.
           JORDEN
           ,
           Doctor
           in
           Physick
           .
           
             The
             Third
             Edition
             ,
             revised
             and
             enlarged
             ;
             with
             some
             Particulars
             of
             the
             Authors
             Life
             .
          
        
         
           To
           which
           is
           added
           ,
           An
           Appendix
           concerning
           Bathe
           ,
           wherein
           the
           Antiquity
           ,
           both
           of
           the
           Bathes
           and
           City
           ,
           is
           more
           fully
           discours'd
           ;
           with
           a
           Brief
           Account
           of
           the
           Nature
           ,
           and
           the
           Virtues
           of
           the
           
             Hot
             Waters
          
           there
           .
           By
           THOMAS
           GUIDOTT
           ,
           
             M
             ,
             B.
          
           
        
         
           Imprinted
           at
           London
           ,
           and
           are
           to
           be
           sold
           by
           
             Thomas
             Salmon
          
           ,
           Bookseller
           in
           Bathe
           .
           1669.
           
        
      
       
         
         
           Imprimatur
        
         
           
             
               Sam.
               Parker
            
             RRmo
             Domino
             ,
             ac
             D
             no
             Gilberto
             Archi-Ep
             .
             Cantuar.
             a
             sacris
             domesticis
             .
          
           
             Ex
             aedib
             .
             Lambeth
             .
             
               Novemb.
               7
               .
               1668
            
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           TO
           THE
           Right
           Honourable
           ,
           FRANCIS
           Lord
           COTTINGTON
           ,
           Baron
           of
           Hanworth
           ,
           Chancellour
           of
           the
           Exchequer
           ,
           and
           one
           of
           his
           Majesties
           most
           Honourable
           Privy
           Council
           .
        
         
           THE
           profitable
           use
           of
           Bathes
           ,
           both
           for
           necessity
           and
           comfort
           ,
           is
           such
           ,
           and
           so
           well
           confirmed
           from
           all
           antiquity
           ,
           as
           I
           need
           not
           labour
           to
           illustrate
           it
           more
           ;
           only
           it
           hath
           been
           the
           ill
           hap
           of
           Our
           Countrey
           Bathes
           to
           lie
           more
           obscure
           then
           any
           other
           throughout
           Christendome
           ,
           although
           they
           deserve
           as
           well
           as
           the
           best
           ,
           because
           very
           few
           have
           written
           any
           thing
           of
           them
           ,
           and
           they
           either
           have
           not
           mentioned
           ,
           or
           but
           slightly
           passed
           over
           the
           main
           points
           concerning
           their
           causes
           and
           originals
           ;
           contenting
           themselves
           with
           an
           emperical
           use
           of
           them
           .
           This
           hath
           made
           me
           ,
           through
           the
           instigation
           also
           of
           some
           of
           my
           worthy
           friends
           ,
           to
           attempt
           somewhat
           of
           this
           kind
           :
           which
           if
           it
           give
           not
           satisfaction
           according
           to
           my
           desire
           ,
           yet
           may
           be
           a
           provocation
           to
           some
           others
           ,
           to
           perfect
           that
           which
           I
           have
           begun
           .
           And
           seeing
           I
           do
           it
           for
           the
           use
           of
           my
           Country
           ,
           I
           have
           neglected
           
           curious
           ornaments
           to
           garnish
           it
           withall
           ,
           but
           have
           clad
           it
           in
           a
           plain
           Sute
           of
           our
           Country
           Cloath
           ;
           without
           welt
           or
           gard
           :
           not
           desiring
           it
           should
           shew
           it self
           in
           forain
           parts
           :
           
             Mea
             cymba
             legat
             littus
          
           .
        
         
           But
           in
           this
           mine
           undertaking
           ,
           I
           find
           my self
           exposed
           to
           many
           censures
           ,
           both
           concerning
           some
           Paradoxical
           Opinions
           in
           Philosophy
           ,
           which
           notwithstanding
           I
           deliver
           not
           gratis
           ,
           but
           confirmed
           with
           good
           grounds
           of
           reason
           ,
           and
           authorities
           :
           as
           also
           concerning
           the
           reformation
           of
           our
           Bathes
           ,
           which
           do
           daily
           suffer
           many
           indignities
           more
           wayes
           then
           I
           have
           mentioned
           ,
           under
           the
           tyranny
           of
           ignorance
           ,
           imposture
           ,
           private
           respects
           ,
           wants
           ,
           factions
           ,
           disorder
           ,
           &c.
           so
           as
           they
           are
           not
           able
           to
           display
           their
           virtues
           ,
           and
           do
           that
           good
           for
           which
           God
           hath
           sent
           them
           to
           us
           ;
           and
           all
           for
           want
           of
           such
           good
           government
           as
           other
           Bathes
           do
           enjoy
           .
           I
           blame
           not
           our
           City
           herein
           ,
           unto
           whose
           care
           the
           ordering
           of
           these
           Bathes
           is
           committed
           ,
           the
           disorders
           and
           effects
           being
           such
           as
           are
           out
           of
           their
           verge
           ,
           and
           neither
           in
           their
           power
           ,
           nor
           in
           their
           knowledge
           to
           redress
           .
           For
           they
           have
           sufficiently
           testified
           their
           desire
           of
           reforming
           all
           such
           abuses
           ,
           when
           they
           voluntarily
           did
           joyn
           in
           Petitioning
           the
           late
           King
           James
           of
           blessed
           memory
           ,
           to
           that
           end
           :
           by
           whose
           death
           this
           Petition
           also
           died
           .
           And
           they
           knew
           well
           that
           it
           must
           be
           a
           superior
           power
           
           that
           must
           effect
           it
           .
           In
           these
           respects
           I
           have
           need
           of
           some
           noble
           and
           eminent
           Patron
           to
           protect
           both
           me
           and
           my
           Bathes
           ,
           whose
           cause
           I
           take
           upon
           we
           to
           plead
           ,
           and
           to
           advance
           ,
           according
           to
           their
           due
           desert
           :
           but
           especially
           for
           the
           Bathes
           sake
           ,
           which
           I
           desire
           may
           flourish
           to
           the
           utmost
           extent
           of
           benefit
           to
           the
           people
           ;
           and
           to
           have
           all
           impediments
           removed
           out
           of
           their
           way
           ,
           which
           may
           hinder
           them
           in
           the
           progress
           of
           their
           virtues
           .
           This
           is
           the
           cause
           Sir
           ,
           why
           I
           presume
           to
           dedicate
           these
           my
           labours
           to
           your
           Honour
           ,
           who
           having
           observed
           in
           forrain
           parts
           ,
           the
           uses
           and
           governments
           of
           all
           sorts
           ,
           and
           being
           both
           by
           the
           favour
           of
           his
           Majesty
           well
           able
           ,
           and
           by
           your
           noble
           disposition
           well
           inclined
           and
           willing
           to
           maintain
           good
           order
           and
           discipline
           ,
           will
           ,
           I
           doubt
           not
           ,
           excuse
           this
           boldness
           ,
           and
           pardon
           my
           presumption
           .
           Consider
           Sir
           ,
           that
           this
           is
           your
           native
           Countrey
           ,
           which
           naturally
           every
           man
           doth
           affect
           to
           advance
           ,
           and
           these
           Bathes
           are
           the
           principal
           Jewels
           of
           your
           Countrey
           ,
           and
           able
           to
           make
           it
           more
           famous
           then
           any
           other
           parts
           of
           this
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           in
           advancing
           them
           ,
           to
           advance
           your
           Name
           to
           all
           posterity
           .
           wherefore
           howsoever
           my self
           deserve
           but
           small
           respect
           from
           you
           ,
           yet
           I
           beseech
           you
           respect
           the
           Bathes
           of
           your
           Countrey
           ,
           and
           me
           as
           a
           wellwisher
           unto
           them
           .
        
         
         
           And
           as
           the
           common
           opinion
           of
           your
           great
           worth
           and
           abilities
           ,
           have
           moved
           me
           to
           this
           boldness
           ,
           so
           the
           particular
           favours
           of
           your
           Noble
           Lady
           ,
           and
           the
           encouragement
           of
           your
           learned
           Physitian
           ,
           Doctor
           Baskervill
           ,
           mine
           especial
           Friend
           ,
           who
           hath
           spurred
           me
           on
           to
           this
           work
           ,
           have
           removed
           out
           of
           my
           mind
           all
           suspition
           of
           misconstruction
           .
           But
           that
           as
           mine
           intent
           hath
           been
           meerly
           the
           enlarging
           of
           the
           knowledge
           of
           those
           points
           concerning
           Bathes
           ,
           and
           more
           especially
           of
           our
           Bathes
           in
           Somerset-shire
           ;
           so
           you
           will
           be
           pleased
           to
           accept
           of
           this
           publick
           invitation
           by
           me
           to
           do
           your
           Countrey
           good
           ,
           and
           your self
           honour
           ,
           which
           I
           wish
           may
           never
           be
           disjoyned
           .
           And
           to
           me
           it
           will
           be
           no
           small
           encouragement
           to
           devote
           my self
           and
           my
           best
           endeavours
           to
           your
           service
           .
           So
           I
           humbly
           take
           my
           leave
           this
           
             23.
             
             Aprilis
             ,
             1632.
          
           
        
         
           
             Your
             Lordships
             most
             humble
             servant
             ,
             ED.
             JORDEN
             .
          
        
      
       
         
         
           A
           Preface
           TO
           THE
           READER
           .
        
         
           THE
           ensuing
           Discourse
           of
           
             Natural
             Bathes
             ,
             and
             Mineral
             Waters
             ,
          
           of
           the
           learned
           Author
           ,
           Dr.
           Jorden
           ,
           having
           found
           so
           kind
           an
           entertainment
           in
           the
           World
           ,
           as
           to
           have
           passed
           the
           Press
           twice
           in
           a
           Year
           ;
           and
           the
           Copies
           of
           both
           Impressions
           at
           this
           time
           so
           few
           ,
           as
           not
           to
           answer
           the
           Enquiries
           of
           persons
           desirous
           to
           peruse
           them
           ,
           a
           third
           Edition
           was
           necessary
           ,
           the
           Care
           of
           which
           ,
           together
           with
           some
           Additional
           Enlargements
           ,
           being
           requested
           of
           me
           ,
           I
           thought
           it
           might
           be
           a
           thing
           acceptable
           to
           many
           ,
           to
           view
           the
           Work
           ,
           and
           revive
           the
           memory
           of
           so
           worthy
           a
           Person
           .
           Especially
           in
           this
           loose
           ,
           and
           quaking
           age
           of
           ours
           ,
           in
           which
           Empericks
           ,
           and
           juggling
           Medicasters
           do
           so
           much
           abound
           ,
           that
           t
           is
           almost
           as
           hard
           a
           matter
           to
           meet
           with
           a
           regular
           and
           well
           accomplish'd
           
           Physitian
           now
           ,
           as
           it
           was
           in
           former
           times
           for
           Diogenes
           to
           find
           an
           honest
           man.
           
        
         
           The
           great
           occasion
           of
           this
           general
           abuse
           of
           Physick
           I
           observe
           to
           be
           ,
           mens
           beginning
           usually
           at
           the
           wrong
           end
           .
           For
           the
           most
           supposing
           the
           Practice
           of
           Physick
           to
           be
           a
           mere
           Trade
           ,
           and
           Medicines
           the
           Ware
           to
           furnish
           themselves
           withall
           ,
           make
           what
           haste
           they
           can
           to
           get
           ,
           though
           upon
           Credit
           ,
           a
           Pack
           of
           Receits
           ,
           which
           they
           cry
           up
           as
           the
           most
           effectual
           ,
           and
           Triarian
           Remedies
           ;
           and
           having
           made
           a
           shift
           to
           truss
           up
           ,
           with
           the
           former
           fardle
           of
           Common
           Receits
           ,
           some
           few
           Specificks
           ,
           presently
           set
           up
           for
           eminent
           Physitians
           ,
           when
           ,
           to
           give
           them
           their
           due
           ,
           they
           deserve
           nothing
           less
           then
           that
           Honourable
           Name
           ,
           being
           indeed
           but
           Pedlers
           in
           the
           Faculty
           .
        
         
           For
           there
           are
           ,
           besides
           the
           use
           of
           Medicines
           ,
           which
           in
           its
           proper
           place
           is
           not
           to
           be
           neglected
           ;
           many
           very
           significant
           things
           to
           be
           known
           and
           studied
           by
           a
           Physitian
           ;
           as
           ,
           after
           the
           praeliminary
           helps
           of
           the
           Tongues
           ,
           and
           Natural
           Philosophy
           ,
           the
           structure
           and
           uses
           of
           the
           parts
           of
           the
           body
           ;
           the
           virtues
           of
           Plants
           ;
           the
           compositions
           of
           Medicines
           ;
           the
           Nature
           ,
           Causes
           ,
           and
           Signs
           of
           Diseases
           ;
           not
           to
           mention
           the
           knowledge
           ,
           at
           least
           ,
           if
           not
           the
           practice
           
           of
           Manual
           Operations
           ,
           with
           some
           Pyrotechnical
           Endeavours
           .
           All
           these
           ,
           vast
           dominions
           in
           themselves
           ,
           a
           Son
           of
           Art
           (
           to
           make
           bold
           with
           one
           of
           their
           expressions
           )
           should
           in
           some
           measure
           command
           .
           So
           that
           I
           have
           in
           my
           thoughts
           sometimes
           resembled
           a
           Compleat
           Physitian
           to
           the
           draught
           of
           a
           Man
           ,
           standing
           on
           the
           two
           Legs
           of
           Anatomy
           &
           Herbary
           ,
           Operating
           (
           if
           need
           be
           )
           with
           the
           hands
           of
           Chyrurgery
           ,
           and
           Pharmacy
           ,
           having
           a
           Chymical
           Head
           ,
           and
           the
           bulk
           of
           his
           body
           made
           up
           of
           the
           Nature
           ,
           Kind
           ,
           and
           Cures
           of
           Diseases
           ,
           which
           we
           may
           not
           improperly
           ,
           term
           a
           Body
           of
           Physick
           .
        
         
           But
           these
           Agytrae
           ,
           and
           Quacksalvers
           ,
           are
           as
           far
           from
           these
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           .
           They
           for
           the
           most
           part
           ,
           know
           no
           other
           tongue
           then
           their
           Mothers
           ,
           and
           are
           as
           destitute
           of
           Philosophy
           ,
           as
           a
           rational
           method
           .
           Every
           Plant
           to
           them
           is
           All-heal
           ,
           and
           every
           trite
           Medicine
           a
           Panpharmacon
           .
           The
           Body
           of
           Man
           ,
           they
           think
           contains
           no
           other
           parts
           then
           what
           they
           see
           in
           a
           Harselet
           ,
           and
           the
           fire
           is
           as
           dreadfull
           to
           them
           ,
           as
           to
           the
           burnt
           Child
           .
           Yet
           they
           will
           sometimes
           make
           bold
           to
           use
           the
           Lancet
           ,
           and
           dextrously
           wound
           the
           Heart
           through
           the
           Arm.
           In
           brief
           ,
           they
           meddle
           with
           what
           they
           do
           not
           understand
           ,
           and
           
           are
           the
           spots
           ,
           and
           stains
           of
           the
           Faculty
           to
           which
           they
           most
           injuriously
           pretend
           .
           but
           to
           resign
           those
           Juglers
           to
           their
           Ignorance
           and
           Self-Conceit
           ,
           and
           those
           that
           are
           willing
           to
           die
           at
           a
           cheaper
           rate
           to
           their
           cruel
           mercies
           ,
           and
           confident
           Undertakings
           ,
           I
           shall
           give
           what
           account
           I
           can
           of
           the
           Author
           of
           this
           Book
           (
           a
           man
           of
           a
           temper
           quite
           different
           from
           the
           former
           )
           &
           what
           alterations
           have
           been
           made
           in
           it
           .
        
         
           As
           to
           the
           Author
           (
           whom
           I
           had
           not
           the
           happiness
           to
           know
           otherwise
           then
           by
           this
           his
           Picture
           ,
           being
           at
           the
           time
           of
           his
           death
           ,
           and
           some
           years
           after
           in
           an
           incapacity
           of
           knowing
           any
           thing
           unless
           only
           a
           knowledge
           of
           Praexistence
           ;
           yet
           )
           I
           understand
           he
           was
           a
           Gentleman
           of
           a
           good
           Family●
           and
           being
           a
           younger
           Brother
           ,
           was
           by
           his
           Father
           designed
           for
           a
           Profession
           ,
           for
           which
           when
           he
           had
           accomplish'd
           himself
           by
           a
           convenient
           Course
           of
           Studies
           in
           his
           own
           Country
           (
           I
           think
           at
           Oxford
           )
           travelled
           abroad
           to
           see
           the
           manners
           and
           customs
           of
           the
           Universities
           beyond
           Sea
           ;
           and
           having
           spent
           some
           time
           there
           ,
           especially
           at
           Padua
           (
           where
           he
           took
           his
           Degree
           of
           Doctor
           in
           Physick
           )
           returned
           home
           ,
           became
           an
           eminently
           solid
           and
           rational
           Philosopher
           and
           Physitian
           ,
           and
           one
           of
           that
           famous
           and
           learned
           Society
           ,
           
             The
             Kings
             Colledge
             of
             Physitians
             there
             .
          
        
         
         
           In
           his
           Travels
           ,
           undertaking
           in
           the
           company
           of
           some
           zealous
           Jesuites
           ,
           the
           defence
           of
           the
           Protestant
           Religion
           ,
           he
           so
           much
           troubled
           their
           patience
           ,
           that
           they
           resolved
           to
           terminate
           that
           dispute
           of
           his
           in
           a
           perpetual
           Silence
           ,
           which
           they
           had
           effected
           ,
           had
           not
           his
           Countryman
           ,
           one
           of
           the
           number
           ,
           but
           more
           mercifull
           then
           the
           rest
           ,
           (
           by
           awaking
           him
           out
           of
           his
           natural
           sleep
           ,
           preventing
           the
           sleep
           of
           death
           )
           informed
           him
           of
           their
           design
           ,
           to
           be
           put
           in
           execution
           that
           night
           ;
           whereupon
           he
           presently
           withdrew
           ,
           and
           left
           not
           only
           the
           House
           ,
           but
           the
           Place
           ,
           and
           escaped
           the
           cruelty
           of
           these
           blood-thirsty
           Religioso's
           ;
           who
           shortly
           after
           his
           departure
           ,
           brake
           open
           his
           door
           ,
           entred
           his
           Chamber
           ,
           and
           approached
           his
           Bed
           ,
           with
           a
           full
           resolution
           to
           have
           acted
           their
           execrable
           Tragedy
           .
        
         
           He
           had
           a
           great
           natural
           inclination
           to
           Mineral
           Works
           ,
           and
           was
           at
           very
           great
           Charges
           about
           the
           ordering
           of
           Allum
           ,
           which
           succeeding
           not
           according
           to
           expectation
           ,
           he
           was
           thereby
           much
           prejudiced
           in
           his
           Estate
           ;
           of
           which
           he
           complains
           in
           the
           4●
           page
           of
           the
           following
           Discourse
           .
           He
           was
           much
           respected
           by
           King
           James
           ,
           who
           committed
           the
           Queen
           to
           his
           Care
           ,
           when
           she
           used
           to
           Bathe
           ,
           and
           
           gave
           him
           a
           Grant
           of
           the
           Profit
           of
           his
           Allum
           Works
           ,
           but
           upon
           the
           importunity
           of
           a
           Courtier
           ,
           as
           I
           am
           informed
           ,
           afterwards
           revoked
           it
           ;
           whereupon
           the
           Doctor
           made
           his
           application
           to
           the
           King
           ,
           but
           could
           not
           prevail
           ,
           though
           the
           King
           séemed
           to
           be
           more
           then
           ordinarily
           sensible
           of
           his
           Condition
           .
        
         
           Whilst
           he
           practised
           in
           London
           there
           was
           one
           
             Anne
             Gunter
          
           ,
           troubled
           with
           such
           strange
           and
           unusual
           Symptomes
           ,
           that
           she
           was
           generally
           thought
           and
           reported
           by
           all
           that
           saw
           her
           to
           be
           bewitch'd
           .
           King
           James
           hearing
           of
           it
           sent
           for
           her
           to
           London
           ,
           and
           pretending
           great
           pitty
           to
           her
           ,
           told
           her
           ,
           he
           would
           take
           care
           for
           her
           relief
           ,
           in
           which
           thing
           he
           employed
           Doctor
           Jorden
           ,
           who
           ,
           upon
           examination
           ,
           reported
           to
           the
           King
           ,
           that
           he
           thought
           it
           was
           a
           Cheat
           ;
           and
           tincturing
           all
           she
           took
           with
           harmless
           things
           ,
           made
           her
           believe
           that
           she
           had
           taken
           Physick
           ,
           by
           the
           use
           of
           which
           ,
           she
           said
           ,
           she
           had
           found
           great
           benefit
           .
           The
           Doctor
           acquainting
           his
           Majesty
           that
           he
           had
           given
           her
           nothing
           of
           a
           medicinal
           nature
           ,
           but
           only
           what
           did
           so
           appear
           to
           the
           Maid
           ,
           and
           also
           ,
           that
           though
           when
           he
           repeated
           the
           Lords
           Prayer
           ,
           and
           Creed
           in
           English
           ,
           she
           was
           much
           out
           of
           order
           ,
           yet
           at
           the
           rehearsal
           of
           the
           same
           in
           Latine
           she
           
           was
           not
           concern'd
           ,
           the
           King
           was
           confirmed
           in
           what
           he
           had
           suspected
           before
           ,
           and
           the
           Doctor
           had
           suggested
           .
           Whereupon
           the
           King
           dealing
           very
           plainly
           with
           her
           ,
           and
           commanding
           her
           to
           discover
           the
           Truth
           unto
           him
           ,
           the
           maid
           ,
           though
           at
           first
           very
           unwilling
           to
           disclose
           the
           Juggle
           ,
           yet
           ,
           upon
           the
           Kings
           importunity
           ,
           and
           promise
           to
           her
           of
           making
           up
           what
           damage
           should
           accrue
           from
           the
           discovery
           ,
           confessed
           all
           ,
           and
           his
           Majesty
           received
           from
           her
           own
           mouth
           this
           Account
           .
           That
           sometime
           before
           there
           happened
           a
           difference
           between
           a
           Female
           Neighbour
           of
           her
           Fathers
           and
           himself
           ,
           and
           having
           in
           his
           own
           apprehension
           ,
           no
           better
           way
           to
           be
           avenged
           of
           her
           then
           this
           ,
           impiously
           caused
           his
           Daughter
           ,
           on
           the
           receiving
           of
           the
           Sacrament
           ,
           to
           engage
           to
           imitate
           one
           bewitch'd
           ,
           and
           ascribe
           it
           to
           that
           woman
           ,
           which
           she
           did
           ,
           and
           acted
           this
           part
           in
           so
           exact
           and
           wonderfull
           a
           manner
           ,
           that
           she
           deceived
           all
           the
           Countrey
           where
           she
           lived
           ,
           who
           thought
           it
           to
           be
           a
           truth
           .
           After
           Which
           Confession
           she
           was
           very
           quiet
           ,
           &
           the
           King
           giving
           her
           a
           Portion
           ,
           she
           was
           afterwards
           married
           ,
           being
           by
           this
           subtle
           artifice
           perfectly
           cured
           of
           her
           mimical
           Witchery
           .
        
         
           His
           Wife
           was
           a
           Gentlewoman
           of
           a
           
           Name
           differing
           but
           in
           one
           letter
           from
           his
           own
           ,
           Daughter
           to
           one
           Mr.
           Jordan
           ,
           a
           Wiltshire
           Gentleman
           ;
           which
           came
           to
           pass
           after
           this
           manner
           .
           The
           Doctor
           being
           on
           a
           Journey
           ,
           benighted
           on
           
             Salisbury
             Plain
          
           ,
           and
           knowing
           not
           which
           way
           to
           ride
           ,
           happened
           to
           meet
           a
           Shepherd
           ,
           of
           whom
           he
           made
           enquiry
           what
           places
           were
           near
           ,
           where
           he
           might
           have
           entertainment
           for
           that
           night
           ;
           the
           Shepherd
           telling
           him
           there
           was
           no
           place
           near
           enough
           for
           him
           conveniently
           to
           reach
           in
           any
           seasonable
           time
           ,
           the
           Doctor
           asked
           ,
           what
           Gentleman
           lived
           thereabouts
           ;
           the
           Shepherd
           replyed
           ,
           there
           was
           one
           Mr.
           Jordan
           ,
           not
           far
           off
           ,
           a
           man
           of
           good
           quality
           ,
           and
           a
           great
           estate
           .
           Presently
           the
           Doctor
           (
           looking
           on
           this
           as
           a
           good
           Omen
           )
           resolved
           on
           his
           house
           ,
           where
           he
           was
           so
           kindly
           entertained
           ,
           and
           so
           well
           accepted
           ,
           that
           Mr.
           Jordan
           understanding
           him
           to
           be
           a
           Batchelour
           ,
           bestowed
           hi●
           Daughter
           on
           him
           ,
           with
           a
           considerable
           Fortune
           .
        
         
           After
           he
           had
           practised
           some
           time
           in
           London
           ,
           he
           came
           hither
           ,
           and
           setled
           a●
           Bathe
           ,
           where
           living
           many
           years
           ,
           his
           Conversation
           was
           so
           sweet
           ,
           his
           Carriage
           so
           obliging
           ,
           &
           his
           Life
           so
           answerable
           to
           the
           port
           &
           dignity
           of
           the
           Faculty
           he
           professed
           ,
           
           that
           he
           had
           the
           Applause
           of
           the
           Learned
           ,
           the
           Respect
           of
           the
           Rich
           ,
           the
           Prayers
           of
           the
           Poor
           ,
           and
           the
           Love
           of
           all
           .
        
         
           I
           hear
           but
           of
           four
           Children
           he
           had
           that
           attained
           to
           any
           maturity
           of
           age
           (
           besides
           one
           who
           perished
           by
           that
           ,
           which
           by
           the
           blessing
           of
           God
           ,
           and
           the
           assisting
           help
           of
           proper
           Remedies
           ,
           hath
           prolonged
           the
           life
           of
           many
           ,
           the
           Bath
           .
           )
           Two
           Sons
           ,
           and
           as
           many
           Daughters
           .
           Edward
           the
           elder
           ,
           being
           an
           Officer
           in
           the
           unhappy
           design
           of
           the
           lsle
           of
           Rhee
           ,
           was
           there
           unfortunately
           slain
           ,
           making
           his
           Colours
           ,
           he
           managed
           ,
           his
           winding
           sheet
           .
           The
           younger
           ,
           Benjamin
           ,
           or
           rather
           Benoni
           ,
           the
           Son
           of
           his
           affliction
           ,
           a
           man
           more
           profuse
           and
           extravagant
           ,
           desiring
           to
           try
           his
           Fortunes
           in
           the
           world
           ,
           died
           in
           obscurity
           .
           Elizabeth
           his
           eldest
           Daughter
           was
           married
           to
           Mr.
           
             Thomas
             Burford
          
           ,
           an
           Apothecary
           in
           Bath
           ,
           and
           Mayor
           of
           the
           City
           ;
           and
           Mary
           his
           youngest
           Daughter
           died
           in
           her
           Virginity
           ,
           before
           her
           Father
           .
        
         
           The
           Doctor
           also
           living
           a
           studious
           and
           sedentary
           life
           ,
           which
           might
           encourage
           his
           two
           grand
           distempers
           he
           laboured
           under
           ,
           the
           Stone
           and
           the
           Gout
           ,
           in
           the
           same
           year
           in
           which
           this
           Treatise
           was
           printed
           ,
           to
           which
           he
           imparted
           his
           last
           breath
           ,
           departed
           this
           life
           ,
           in
           the
           great
           
           Climacterical
           year
           of
           his
           Age
           63.
           and
           of
           our
           Saviours
           Nativity
           ,
           1632.
           leaving
           behind
           him
           the
           name
           of
           a
           judicious
           ,
           honest
           ,
           and
           sober
           Physitian
           ,
           and
           the
           excellent
           example
           of
           a
           pious
           Christian
           ;
           on
           whom
           I
           should
           have
           thought
           it
           no
           trouble
           to
           have
           spent
           more
           Ink
           ,
           could
           my
           diligence
           which
           was
           not
           wanting
           in
           this
           thing
           ,
           have
           procured
           me
           sufficient
           information
           .
        
         
           But
           
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
             〈◊〉
          
           the
           Doctor
           is
           dead
           ,
           and
           this
           Child
           of
           his
           survives
           the
           rest
           ,
           which
           happening
           to
           fall
           into
           my
           hands
           for
           a
           review
           ,
           I
           could
           not
           but
           use
           it
           with
           all
           the
           tenderness
           and
           respect
           ,
           confessedly
           due
           to
           the
           justly
           celebrated
           Off-spring
           of
           so
           deserving
           a
           Parent
           ,
           whom
           it
           so
           very
           much
           resembles
           .
           And
           ,
           I
           hope
           ,
           as
           I
           have
           here
           done
           the
           Doctor
           right
           ,
           so
           I
           have
           not
           elsewhere
           done
           his
           Discourse
           any
           wrong
           ,
           which
           I
           had
           some
           intentions
           at
           first
           to
           enlarge
           much
           more
           ,
           but
           on
           second
           thoughts
           I
           judged
           it
           more
           convenient
           ,
           only
           to
           draw
           up
           a
           Table
           of
           the
           Minerals
           he
           mentions
           ,
           with
           the
           addition
           of
           some
           few
           marginal
           Annotations
           ,
           and
           to
           subjoyn
           the
           greatest
           part
           of
           what
           I
           had
           to
           adde
           of
           mine
           own
           ,
           by
           way
           of
           Appendix
           (
           though
           some
           things
           there
           are
           of
           a
           different
           nature
           from
           his
           design
           )
        
         
         
           Which
           I
           intend
           hereafter
           ,
           as
           opportunity
           shall
           serve
           ,
           to
           augment
           and
           amplifie
           into
           an
           History
           of
           Bathe
           .
           By
           the
           performance
           of
           which
           ,
           though
           I
           shall
           not
           be
           so
           bold
           with
           some
           ,
           on
           a
           more
           trivial
           account
           ,
           to
           say
           ,
           I
           shall
           oblige
           mankind
           ;
           yet
           I
           think
           I
           may
           this
           ,
           that
           I
           shall
           then
           ,
           in
           any
           mans
           judgement
           ,
           have
           done
           enough
           ,
           to
           deserve
           a
           Civil
           Respect
           ,
           from
           that
           is
           concern'd
           ,
           supposing
           it
           now
           a
           sufficient
           honour
           to
           bear
           up
           the
           Train
           of
           my
           Learned
           Predecessor
           .
        
         
           
             T.
             G.
             
          
        
      
       
         
         
           LIbellum
           istum
           
             DE
             AQUIS
             MEDICATIS
          
           a
           Doctissimo
           JORDANO
           antiquissimo
           Collega●
           nostro
           scriptum
           multiplic●
           eruditione
           &
           novarum
           subtilitatum
           varia
           supellectile
           refertissimum
           ,
           legimus
           ,
           &
           qui
           ab
           omnibus
           tam
           Philosophis
           quam
           Medicis
           legatur
           dignissimum
           judicavimus
           .
        
         
           
             
               
                 JOHANNES
                 ARGENT
                 Collegii
                 Medicorum
                 Londinensium
                 Praesidem
              
               
                 JOHANNES
                 GIFFORD
                 .
              
               
                 SIMON
                 BAS
                 KERVILLE
                 .
              
               
                 THOMAS
                 RIDGELEY
                 .
              
            
          
        
      
       
         
           
           
             In
             laudem
             operis
             .
          
           
             PArve
             Alacri
             passu
             liber
             ,
             Liber
             ,
             ibis
             in
             orbem
             ;
          
           
             Dentesque
             spernes
             lividos
             .
          
           
             Authores
             pandit
             ,
             sua
             dat
             Jordanus
             ,
             &
             usu
          
           
             Quaesita
             multo
             protulit
             .
          
           
             Aera
             qui
             totus
             ,
             flammas
             msditatur
             ,
             &
             undas
             ,
          
           
             Terram
             ,
             metalla
             discuit
             .
          
           
             Quicquid
             in
             his
             veteres
             ,
             docuit
             quicquid
             Noviu
             Author
             ,
          
           
             Celeri
             notavit
             pollice
             .
          
           
             At
             sua
             dum
             exponit
             ,
             lucem
             dat
             ,
             operta
             recludit
             ,
          
           
             Pennaque
             fertur
             libera
             .
          
           
             Perge
             liber
             ;
             gratus
             gratum
             volveris
             in
             avum
             ,
          
           
             Lymphae
             calentes
             dum
             fluent
             .
          
           
             
               Ed.
               Lapworth
               ,
               M.D.
               
            
          
        
         
           
             In
             laudem
             Authoris
             .
          
           
             NUmine
             divino
             Jordan
             medicalile
             flumen
          
           
             Dicitur
             ,
             è
             gelido
             licet
             illud
             frtgore
             constet
             :
          
           
             Tu
             Jordane
             decus
             Medicorum
             ,
             candide
             Doctor
             ,
          
           
             Lumine
             divino
             gnarus
             discernere
             causas
          
           
             AEgris
             corporibus
             nosti
             depellere
             morbos
             ;
          
           
             Intima
             seclusae
             ●enetrasti
             viscera
             terrae
             ,
          
           
             Thermarum
             vires
             aperis
             ,
             reserasque
             metalia
             :
          
           
             De
             gremio
             telluris
             aquas
             manare
             calentes
          
           
             Qua
             ratione
             doces
             ,
             nobis
             prius
             abdita
             pandis
          
           
             Strutando
             Physices
             arcana
             indagine
             mira
             ,
          
           
             Nio
             caperis
             fama
             ,
             nec
             inane
             laudis
             amore
             ,
          
           
             Ut
             patriae
             prosis
             ,
             dignaris
             promere
             lucem
             :
          
           
             Qui
             memoraverunt
             ,
             vel
             qui
             modo
             Balnea
             tractant
             ,
          
           
             Non
             sunt
             te
             melius
             meriti
             ,
             vel
             j●dice
             Momo
             .
          
           
             
               Jo.
               Dauntsey
               .
            
          
        
         
           
           
             Ad
             Authorem
             .
          
           
             SI
             foelix
             ,
             rerum
             potuit
             qui
             noscere
             causas
             ,
          
           
             Inter
             foelices
             tu
             prope
             primus
             eris
             .
          
           
             Sunt
             ,
             quaecunque
             tulit
             vel
             terra
             ,
             vel
             unda
             ,
             vel
             aer
             ,
          
           
             Singula
             nota
             tibi
             ,
             singula
             certatibi
             .
          
           
             Omnigenae
             tibi
             vena
             reperta
             ,
             resecta
             metalli
             ,
          
           
             Nullaque
             te
             in
             quovis
             corpore
             vena
             latet
             .
          
           
             Non
             tu
             no●●inibus
             veterum
             terreris
             ,
             ut
             umbris
             ,
          
           
             Nec
             tibi
             ,
             ce●
             multis
             ,
             quae
             nova
             sola
             placent
             .
          
           
             Et
             docta
             &
             just
             a
             ratione
             singula
             lance
          
           
             Libras●
             ,
             quae
             veteres
             ,
             quaeque
             tulere
             novi
             .
          
           
             Nec
             causas
             tantum
             scrutans
             tu
             negligis
             usum
             :
          
           
             Utilis
             est
             liberi
             pagina
             quaeque
             tui
             .
          
           
             Hoc
             unum
             doleo
             ,
             quod
             non
             sint
             Anglica
             nostra
          
           
             Balnea
             ,
             per
             calamum
             facta
             Latina
             tuum
             :
          
           
             Cresceret
             ut
             gentis
             per
             te
             si●
             gloria
             nostrae
          
           
             In
             lengos
             celebris
             per
             locae
             cuncta
             dies
             .
          
        
         
           
             COme
             hither
             Reader
             ,
             bathe
             thy
             tender
             eye●
          
           
             In
             Jordans
             streams
             which
             out
             of
             Bath
             do
             rist
          
           
             They
             'l
             clear
             thy
             sight
             ,
             and
             make
             thee
             clearly
             se●
          
           
             Choice
             secrets
             ,
             which
             in
             earths
             deep
             bosom
             be
          
           
             Closely
             laid
             up
             ,
             and
             choicely
             secret
             kept
             ,
          
           
             Where
             unobserv'd
             they
             many
             ages
             slept
             .
          
           
             Here
             come
             &
             Bathe
             in
             Jordans
             streams
             thy
             mind
          
           
             Thou
             there
             a
             strange
             yet
             certain
             cure
             shalt
             find
             ,
          
           
             Of
             old
             ore-spreading
             errors
             leprosie
             ,
          
           
             Which
             these
             clear
             streams
             do
             sweetly
             mundifie
             .
          
           
             Here
             are
             two
             miracles
             of
             nature
             met
             ,
          
           
             Here
             are
             two
             miracles
             of
             England
             set
             ;
          
           
           
             Our
             English
             Bathes
             ,
             our
             English
             Jordans
             streams
          
           
             Are
             gathered
             here
             as
             natures
             choicest
             creams
             ,
          
           
             Produc'd
             by
             her
             ,
             by
             learned
             Art
             refin'd
          
           
             For
             th●
             universal
             good
             of
             humane
             kind
             .
          
           
             May
             much
             good
             hence
             be
             rais'd
             ,
             &
             may
             it
             raise
          
           
             As
             well
             first
             Authors
             as
             Inventors
             praise
             .
          
           
             
               Nicol.
               Stoughton
               ,
               of
               Stoughton
               ,
               
                 Esq
              
            
          
        
         
           
             
               BIS
               duas
               gaudes
               numerare
               causas
            
             
               (
               Nam
               tot
               Authores
               varii
               dederunt
               )
            
             
               Unde
               Thermarum
               calor
               ortum
               haberet
            
             
               (
               candide
               Doctor
               )
            
          
           
             
               Tu
               tenax
               ,
               nulla
               ,
               tamen
               acquiescis
            
             
               Ex
               iis
               ●ausis
               :
               mihi
               dic
               (
               amice
               )
            
             
               Cur
               tibi
               soli
               via
               singularis
            
             
               perplacet
               ista
               ?
            
          
           
             
               Arrogans
               forsan
               nimis
               ipse
               multis
            
             
               Qui
               viam
               linguis
               ,
               videare
               ,
               tritam
               :
            
             
               Zoili
               &
               nigro
               vocitere
               vanus
            
             
               ore
               Philautus
               .
            
          
           
             
               Sed
               cul
               candor
               tuus
               innotescit
               ,
            
             
               Qui
               tuos
               mores
               bene
               novit
               ;
               is
               t●
            
             
               Litis
               osorem
               vocet
               ,
               &
               serenae
            
             
               pacis
               amantem
               .
            
          
           
             
               Sint
               licer
               Plato
               Socratesque
               amici
               ,
            
             
               Tu
               licet
               doctos
               verearis
               omnes
               ,
            
             
               Veritas
               major
               tamen
               est
               amica
               ,
            
             
               quae
               tibi
               cordi
               est
               .
            
          
           
             
               Rob.
               Pierce
               Bach.
               in
               Theologia
               .
            
          
        
         
           
           
             To
             the
             Author
             .
          
           
             
               SHall
               I
               presume
               to
               write
               in
               praise
               of
               him
            
             
               Whose
               work
               hath
               taught
               the
               world
               more
               wit
               and
               Art
               ,
            
             
               And
               shall
               I
               not
               mine
               own
               dispraise
               begin
               ,
            
             
               To
               undertake
               and
               cannot
               reach
               in
               part
            
             
               His
               worth
               ,
               his
               wit
               ,
               his
               learning
               which
               confounds
            
             
               Grave
               Antients
               in
               their
               long
               tradition
               grounds
               ?
            
          
           
             
               Celsus
               could
               brag
               Homunculos
               to
               make
            
             
               Man
               to
               preserve
               a
               thousand
               years
               or
               more
               ,
            
             
               Yet
               on
               himself
               he
               did
               so
               much
               mistake
               ,
            
             
               He
               could
               not
               hold
               his
               life
               till
               full
               threescore
               :
            
             
               Before
               he
               made
               ,
               his
               maker
               him
               did
               mar
               ,
            
             
               In
               this
               his
               words
               and
               works
               came
               short
               by
               far
               .
            
          
           
             
               But
               modest
               Jorden
               void
               of
               these
               conceits
               .
            
             
               Hath
               clear'd
               obscurest
               points
               from
               darkness
               soul
               ,
            
             
               His
               learning
               ,
               judgement
               ,
               body
               ,
               soul
               all
               waits
               .
            
             
               Life
               to
               preserve
               in
               all
               ;
               his
               life
               's
               chief
               soul
            
             
               Being
               learning
               ,
               knowledge
               ,
               and
               the
               love
               of
               truth
               ,
            
             
               He
               hath
               made
               men
               himself
               perpetual
               youth
               .
            
          
           
             
               I.
               St
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             AGes
             in
             former
             doubtfull
             errors
             night
          
           
             From
             many
             worthy
             Stars
             have
             borrowed
             light
             .
          
           
             Our
             Sun
             adorns
             our
             daies
             ,
             whose
             radiant
             beams
          
           
             No
             heat
             ,
             but
             truth
             add
             to
             our
             bathing
             streams
             .
          
           
             A
             fit
             work
             for
             an
             Artist
             ,
             whose
             pen
             bleeds
          
           
             To
             death-receiv'd
             opinions
             :
             shews
             the
             seeds
          
           
           
             Of
             earth-intombed
             Minerals
             ,
             which
             lend
          
           
             Heat
             by
             their
             birth
             to
             fountain
             Nymphs
             ,
             who
             spend
          
           
             Their
             pious
             tears
             in
             pity
             to
             regain
          
           
             Strength
             to
             the
             frozen
             nerves
             ,
             sweet
             case
             from
             pain
             .
          
           
             Who
             would
             not
             strive
             to
             celebrate
             that
             quill
             ,
          
           
             Which
             doth
             no
             fretting
             gall
             ,
             but
             milk
             distill
          
           
             To
             foster
             truth
             ;
             being
             so
             concise
             and
             terse
             .
          
           
             For
             to
             comprise
             the
             Protean
             universe
             .
          
           
             In
             this
             small
             volume
             :
             which
             who
             disapprove
             ,
          
           
             Snarling
             express
             neglect
             of
             lending
             love
          
           
             To
             learning
             ,
             tenant
             in
             this
             worthy
             pile
             ,
          
           
             Where
             natures
             works
             are
             polish'd
             by
             Arts
             file
             .
          
           
             'T
             is
             strange
             in
             dayes
             of
             ruffling
             impudence
             ,
          
           
             Which
             pamphlets
             spue
             of
             faction
             fearing
             sense
             ,
          
           
             Art
             should
             be
             bashfull
             ;
             if
             you
             search
             ,
             you
             'l
             meet
          
           
             It
             valid
             in
             each
             page
             ,
             shrouded
             in
             each
             sheet
             ;
          
           
             Asham'd
             of
             their
             rude
             folly
             ,
             whose
             mouths
             swell
          
           
             To
             slander
             worth
             they
             nere
             shall
             parallel
             .
          
           
             I
             'le
             venture
             natures
             tell-tale
             him
             to
             call
             ,
          
           
             And
             judge
             my
             verdict's
             not
             Apocryphall
             .
          
           
             Heaven
             and
             earth
             seldom
             such
             conceal'd
             births
             steal
             ,
          
           
             But
             he
             the
             cause
             can
             publish
             ,
             means
             reveal
             .
          
           
             Take
             then
             a
             true
             survey
             ,
             his
             lines
             descry
             ,
          
           
             More
             trusted
             fables
             ,
             then
             the
             truth
             did
             try
             ;
          
           
             And
             pay
             Machaon
             as
             a
             friendly
             fee
          
           
             For
             purging
             of
             diseas'd
             Philosophy
             ,
          
           
             The
             tribute
             of
             thy
             praise
             ,
             though
             folly
             fret
             ,
          
           
             Such
             as
             it
             made
             wise
             will
             repay
             the
             debt
             .
          
           
             Purge
             foul
             mouths
             (
             Bathe
             )
             that
             all
             applaud
             his
             pains
             ,
          
           
             Who
             purgeth
             bodies
             ,
             and
             refines
             the
             brains
             .
          
           
             
               Bartholomew
               Man.
               
            
          
        
         
           
           
             On
             the
             Sight
             
               OF
               Dr.
               JORDEN'S
               Picture
            
             .
          
           
             THis
             
               faint
               resemblance
            
             shews
             the
             Seat
          
           
             where
             once
             dwelt
             Art
             and
             Learning
             Great
             ;
          
           
             But
             vail'd
             with
             such
             a
             modest
             Meen
             ,
          
           
             That
             't
             was
             not
             easie
             to
             be
             seen
             .
          
           
             'T
             is
             skill
             in
             Artists
             to
             conceal
             ;
          
           
             The
             Load-stone's
             strongest
             cap'd
             with
             ste●
          
           
             Thrice
             happy
             Painter
             ,
             and
             more
             ,
             if
          
           
             Thine
             Art
             could
             lend
             him
             breath
             ,
             as
             life
             .
          
           
             That
             balks
             with
             thine
             ,
             all
             humane
             power
          
           
             If
             but
             requested
             for
             an
             hour
             .
          
           
             'T
             is
             he
             that
             Adam
             made
             of
             Dust
             ,
          
           
             And
             Eve
             out
             of
             his
             Rib
             ,
             he
             must
          
           
             Inspire
             Atomes
             ,
             by
             his
             might
             ,
          
           
             Mans
             breath
             would
             scatter
             ,
             not
             unite
             .
          
           
             Yet
             a
             thing
             like
             him
             thou
             hast
             made
             ,
          
           
             And
             we
             as
             well
             as
             it
             ,
             are
             Shade
             .
          
           
             
               T.
               GUIDOT●
            
          
        
      
    
     
       
         
           
             
             OF
             Natural
             Bathes
             ,
             AND
             Mineral
             Waters
             .
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               I.
               
            
             
               
                 Explication
                 of
                 the
                 word
                 Bathe
                 .
                 The
                 scope
                 and
                 argument
                 of
                 this
                 Book
                 .
                 The
                 ancient
                 use
                 and
                 esteem
                 of
                 Bathes
                 among
                 the
                 Romans
                 .
                 The
                 modern
                 use
                 of
                 them
                 among
                 the
                 Turks
                 .
                 Of
                 Medicinal
                 Bathes
                 ,
                 and
                 Mineral
                 Waters
                 .
                 Hom
                 esteemed
                 by
                 the
                 Greeks
                 ,
                 Latines
                 ,
                 Arabians
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 Nations
                 .
              
            
             
               THE
               word
               Bathe
               or
               Balneum
               is
               of
               larger
               extent
               then
               I
               purpose
               to
               discourse
               of
               :
               for
               it
               being
               the
               name
               of
               a
               form
               of
               Remedy
               applyed
               to
               the
               Body
               ,
               it
               may
               be
               framed
               either
               out
               of
               liquid
               things
               ,
               or
               solid
               substances
               ,
               or
               vapours
               .
            
             
             
               Liquid
               Substances
               are
               Water
               ,
               Milk
               ,
               Must
               ,
               Wine
               ,
               Oyle
               :
               Solid
               Substances
               are
               Sand
               ,
               Salt
               ,
               pressed
               Grapes
               ,
               Corn
               ,
               &c.
               
               Vapours
               are
               Stuphs
               and
               Hot
               Houses
               .
            
             
               My
               intent
               is
               only
               to
               treat
               of
               Waters
               ,
               and
               principally
               of
               those
               which
               be
               called
               Mineral
               ,
               whether
               they
               be
               used
               in
               Bath
               or
               in
               Potion
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               These
               kind
               of
               watry
               and
               vaporous
               Bathes
               have
               been
               in
               use
               from
               all
               antiquity
               ,
               and
               held
               in
               great
               esteem
               ,
               both
               for
               pleasure
               ,
               and
               for
               preservation
               of
               health
               .
               For
               there
               is
               no
               form
               of
               Remedy
               more
               comfortable
               to
               mans
               body
               ,
               or
               which
               easeth
               pain
               and
               weariness
               more
               speedily
               ,
               and
               more
               effectually
               .
               And
               whereas
               Hypocrates
               commends
               those
               Remedies
               which
               do
               cure
               
                 cito
                 ,
                 tuto
                 ,
                 &
                 jucunde
                 ,
              
               speedily
               ,
               safely
               ,
               and
               with
               comfort
               ;
               these
               Bathes
               perform
               all
               these
               intentions
               :
               and
               besides
               ,
               may
               be
               used
               to
               all
               Sexes
               and
               Ages
               ,
               and
               Temperatures
               ,
               without
               hurt
               or
               inconvenience
               ,
               insomuch
               as
               the
               antient
               Romans
               had
               them
               in
               very
               frequent
               use
               :
               their
               Diet
               being
               liberal
               ,
               and
               upon
               variety
               of
               Meats
               ,
               especially
               upon
               Lettuce
               ,
               Coleworts
               ,
               Asparagus
               ,
               raw
               fruits
               ,
               and
               such
               like
               ,
               which
               bred
               crude
               humours
               in
               their
               bodies
               ,
               and
               had
               need
               of
               some
               such
               help
               to
               digest
               them
               :
               as
               Columella
               faith
               ,
               
                 Quotidianam
                 cruditatem
                 laconicis
                 excoquimus
              
               :
               We
               concoct
               our
               crudities
               by
               the
               useof
               Bathes
               .
               We
               read
               in
               Plinie
               ,
               that
               Agrippa
               built
               in
               Rome
               170
               publick
               Bathes
               for
               common
               use
               ,
               and
               Pancirollus
               tells
               us
               of
               856
               in
               Rome
               at
               one
               time
               ,
               
               and
               all
               of
               them
               most
               sumptuous
               and
               magnificent
               buildings
               ,
               especially
               the
               Anthonin
               and
               Dioclesian
               Bathes
               :
               the
               Walls
               whereof
               were
               of
               admirable
               height
               ,
               with
               an
               infinite
               number
               of
               Marble
               Pillars
               ,
               
               erected
               for
               ostentation
               ,
               and
               not
               to
               support
               any
               thing
               ,
               1000
               Seats
               to
               sit
               in
               ;
               Their
               
                 Caldaria
                 ,
                 Tepidaria
                 ,
                 Frigidaria
              
               ,
               most
               sumptuous
               and
               stately
               :
               the
               whole
               fabrick
               so
               large
               and
               spacious
               ,
               as
               they
               resembled
               rather
               Cities
               than
               Houses
               :
               And
               so
               it
               might
               well
               be
               ,
               when
               as
               there
               were
               imployed
               for
               the
               building
               of
               the
               Dioclesian
               Bathes
               ,
               as
               Baccius
               faith
               .
               40000
               men
               ,
               but
               Salmuth
               faith
               ,
               140000
               for
               some
               years
               together
               .
               
               They
               were
               placed
               where
               now
               the
               Church
               of
               Saint
               Angelo
               stands
               .
               
               The
               Turks
               at
               this
               day
               retain
               that
               antient
               custome
               of
               the
               Romans
               ,
               and
               are
               in
               nothing
               more
               profuse
               ,
               then
               in
               their
               Temples
               and
               Bathes
               ,
               which
               are
               like
               unto
               great
               Pallaces
               ,
               and
               in
               every
               City
               very
               frequent
               .
               And
               yet
               both
               the
               Romans
               and
               the
               Turks
               used
               those
               Bathes
               chiefly
               for
               pleasure
               and
               delicacy
               ,
               and
               cleanliness
               :
               the
               Romans
               going
               bare-legged
               ,
               and
               their
               wayes
               dusty
               ,
               had
               need
               of
               often
               washing
               ;
               and
               the
               Turks
               lying
               in
               their
               Cloaths
               ,
               subject
               to
               Lice
               and
               Worms
               ,
               if
               it
               were
               not
               for
               their
               often
               bathing
               .
            
             
               Moreover
               ,
               the
               Diet
               of
               the
               Turks
               ,
               though
               it
               be
               more
               sparing
               then
               that
               of
               the
               Romans
               ,
               yet
               it
               is
               little
               better
               :
               namely
               ,
               upon
               Herbs
               ,
               Roots
               ,
               raw
               fruit
               ,
               &c.
               and
               their
               Drink
               ,
               for
               the
               most
               part
               Water
               ,
               being
               prohibited
               the
               use
               of
               Wine
               by
               their
               Religion
               ,
               must
               needs
               breed
               many
               crudities
               in
               their
               bodies
               ,
               yet
               by
               their
               often
               bathings
               ,
               they
               do
               not
               only
               overcome
               them
               ,
               but
               get
               a
               good
               habit
               of
               body
               ,
               their
               Women
               being
               accounted
               as
               delicate
               creatures
               as
               any
               in
               the
               world
               ,
               who
               duly
               twice
               a
               week
               resort
               to
               the
               Bathes
               .
            
             
               Now
               if
               those
               Nations
               would
               bestow
               so
               much
               upon
               their
               Bathes
               of
               delicacy
               and
               pleasure
               ,
               which
               
               were
               only
               of
               pure
               Water
               ;
               we
               have
               much
               more
               reason
               to
               adorn
               our
               Mineral
               Bathes
               ;
               which
               (
               besides
               the
               former
               uses
               )
               are
               also
               medicinal
               and
               very
               soveraign
               for
               many
               Diseases
               ,
               consisting
               of
               wholsome
               Minerals
               ,
               and
               approved
               for
               many
               hundred
               years
               ,
               of
               many
               who
               could
               not
               otherwise
               be
               recovered
               .
               At
               the
               least
               wise
               if
               we
               do
               not
               beautifie
               and
               adorn
               them
               ,
               yet
               we
               should
               so
               accommodate
               them
               ,
               as
               they
               might
               serve
               for
               the
               utmost
               extent
               of
               benefit
               to
               such
               as
               need
               them
               .
            
             
               For
               there
               is
               nothing
               in
               our
               Profession
               of
               Physick
               more
               useful
               ,
               nor
               in
               the
               works
               of
               Nature
               more
               admirable
               ,
               (
               man
               only
               excepted
               ,
               which
               Plato
               calls
               the
               great
               miracle
               )
               then
               Natural
               Bathes
               ,
               and
               Mineral
               Waters
               .
               The
               nature
               and
               causes
               whereof
               have
               been
               so
               hard
               to
               discover
               ,
               as
               our
               antient
               Authors
               have
               written
               little
               of
               them
               ,
               holding
               them
               to
               be
               sacred
               or
               holy
               ,
               either
               for
               that
               they
               judged
               them
               to
               have
               their
               virtue
               immediately
               from
               God
               ,
               or
               at
               least
               from
               the
               celestial
               Bodies
               ;
               from
               whence
               ,
               both
               their
               actual
               heat
               was
               thought
               to
               be
               kindled
               ,
               by
               lightnings
               or
               such
               like
               impressions
               ,
               and
               other
               admirable
               Virtues
               ,
               and
               sometimes
               contrary
               effects
               derived
               ,
               which
               appear
               in
               them
               .
               Also
               divers
               miracles
               have
               been
               ascribed
               unto
               those
               Natural
               Bathes
               ,
               to
               confirm
               the
               opinion
               of
               a
               supernatural
               power
               in
               them
               ,
               as
               Guaynerius
               reports
               of
               the
               Bathes
               of
               Aque
               in
               Italy
               :
               and
               Langius
               out
               of
               Athenoeus
               ,
               concerning
               the
               Bathes
               of
               Edepsus
               ,
               which
               both
               lost
               their
               vertue
               for
               a
               time
               .
               
               The
               one
               by
               the
               Magistrates
               prohibiting
               poor
               diseased
               people
               to
               use
               them
               ,
               the
               other
               by
               imposing
               a
               taxation
               upon
               them
               :
               but
               upon
               the
               reformation
               ,
               of
               those
               abuses
               
               were
               restored
               to
               their
               former
               virtues
               again
               ,
            
             
               I
               need
               not
               herein
               averring
               the
               opinion
               of
               Divinity
               which
               was
               held
               to
               be
               in
               Bathes
               ,
               make
               any
               mention
               of
               the
               Pool
               of
               Bethesda
               ,
               written
               of
               by
               Saint
               John
               ,
               and
               Nonnus
               the
               Poet
               :
               nor
               of
               the
               River
               Jordan
               ,
               which
               cured
               Naaman
               the
               Syrian
               of
               his
               Leprosie
               ,
               being
               indeed
               true
               miracles
               ,
               and
               done
               by
               a
               supernatural
               power
               ●
               yet
               it
               is
               likely
               that
               those
               and
               such
               like
               examples
               bred
               in
               the
               minds
               of
               men
               a
               reverend
               and
               divine
               opinion
               of
               all
               Bathes
               :
               especially
               where
               they
               saw
               such
               strange
               effects
               as
               they
               could
               not
               well
               reduce
               to
               natural
               Causes
               .
            
             
               And
               this
               hath
               been
               the
               cause
               that
               in
               old
               time
               these
               mineral
               fountains
               have
               been
               consecrated
               unto
               certain
               Deities
               :
               as
               Hamon
               in
               Lybia
               ,
               unto
               
                 Jupiter
                 :
                 Thermopilae
              
               ,
               unto
               Hercules
               ,
               by
               Pallas
               :
               among
               the
               Troglodites
               ,
               another
               to
               the
               Sun
               ,
               &c.
               
               And
               at
               this
               day
               we
               have
               divers
               Bathes
               which
               carry
               the
               names
               of
               the
               Sun
               ,
               Moon
               ,
               and
               Saints
               :
               and
               many
               Towns
               and
               Cities
               named
               from
               the
               Bathes
               in
               them
               :
               as
               Thermae
               in
               Macedonia
               and
               
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 Thermidea
              
               in
               
                 Rhodes
                 ,
                 Aquae
              
               in
               
                 Italy
                 ,
                 Aquisgraue
              
               in
               
                 Germany
                 ,
                 Baden
              
               in
               Helvetia
               :
               and
               our
               antient
               City
               of
               Bathe
               in
               Somerset-shire
               ,
               in
               honor
               whereof
               I
               have
               especially
               undertaken
               this
               labour
               ,
               and
               I
               perswade
               my self
               ,
               that
               among
               the
               infinite
               number
               of
               Bathes
               and
               Mineral
               Waters
               which
               are
               in
               Europe
               ,
               there
               are
               none
               of
               more
               universal
               use
               for
               curing
               of
               Diseases
               ,
               nor
               any
               more
               commodious
               for
               entertainment
               of
               sick
               persons
               ,
               then
               these
               are
               .
            
             
               Besides
               this
               sacred
               conceit
               of
               Bathes
               ,
               wherewith
               in
               antient
               times
               ,
               the
               minds
               of
               men
               were
               
               possest
               ,
               we
               may
               adde
               this
               ,
               that
               the
               nature
               of
               Minerals
               was
               not
               so
               well
               discovered
               by
               them
               ,
               as
               it
               hath
               been
               since
               :
               and
               therefore
               we
               finde
               very
               little
               written
               of
               this
               argument
               ,
               either
               in
               Aristotle
               or
               Hypocrates
               ,
               or
               in
               Galen
               ,
               
               who
               wrote
               most
               copiously
               in
               all
               other
               points
               of
               Physick
               ,
               yet
               concerning
               this
               hath
               little
               ;
               *
               and
               never
               gave
               any
               of
               these
               waters
               to
               drink
               inwardly
               ,
               although
               he
               acknowledgeth
               that
               they
               were
               in
               use
               :
               and
               for
               outward
               uses
               ,
               held
               them
               all
               to
               be
               potentially
               hot
               .
            
             
               After
               these
               Grecians
               ,
               the
               antient
               Latines
               and
               Arabians
               succeeded
               
                 Plinie
                 ,
                 Celsus
                 ,
                 Seneca
                 ,
                 Lucretius
                 ,
                 Avicen
                 ,
                 Rhasis
                 ,
                 Seraphio
                 ,
                 Averrhoes
                 ,
              
               it
               whom
               we
               finde
               some
               small
               mention
               of
               natural
               Bathes
               ,
               and
               some
               use
               of
               Salt
               and
               nitrous
               ,
               and
               Aluminous
               waters
               ,
               but
               nothing
               of
               worth
               toward●
               the
               discoverie
               of
               the
               natural
               causes
               of
               them
               .
               I●
               is
               likely
               they
               did
               pass
               it
               over
               slightly
               ,
               either
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               difficulty
               in
               searching
               out
               the
               cause
               of
               them
               ,
               or
               that
               they
               judged
               them
               meerly
               metaphysical
               .
               But
               in
               later
               times
               the
               nature
               and
               generation
               of
               minerals
               (
               from
               whence
               the
               Baths
               proceed
               and
               from
               whence
               the
               whole
               doctrin
               of
               them
               both
               for
               their
               qualities
               and
               differences
               ,
               originals
               and
               use
               ,
               must
               be
               derived
               )
               being
               better
               looked
               into
               and
               observations
               taken
               from
               such
               as
               daily
               labour
               in
               the
               bowels
               of
               the
               earth
               ,
               for
               the
               search
               o●
               Mines
               ,
               or
               such
               as
               afterwards
               prepare
               them
               for
               ou●
               necessary
               uses
               ;
               we
               have
               attained
               to
               better
               knowledge
               in
               this
               kinde
               ,
               than
               the
               Antients
               could
               have
               ,
               although
               in
               all
               new
               discoveries
               there
               wil●
               be
               defects
               for
               succeeding
               ages
               to
               supply
               ,
               so
               falls
               out
               in
               this
               :
               
                 Dies
                 Diem
                 docet
                 :
                 Aipham
                 B●ta
                 
                 corrigit
                 .
              
               And
               although
               
                 Agricola
                 ,
                 Pallopius
                 ,
                 Baccius
                 ,
                 Mathetsious
                 Solinander
                 ,
                 Libavius
                 ,
              
               &c.
               have
               added
               much
               unto
               that
               which
               was
               formerly
               known
               in
               this
               point
               ,
               and
               reformed
               many
               errors
               and
               mistakings
               in
               former
               writers
               :
               yet
               they
               have
               left
               many
               things
               imperfect
               ,
               doubtful
               ,
               obscure
               ,
               controverted
               ,
               and
               perhaps
               false
               ,
               as
               may
               appear
               in
               the
               discourse
               following
               .
               I
               do
               reverence
               all
               their
               worths
               ,
               as
               from
               whom
               I
               have
               learned
               many
               things
               ,
               which
               else
               I
               could
               hardly
               have
               attained
               unto
               ;
               and
               I
               acknowledg
               them
               to
               have
               been
               excellent
               instruments
               for
               the
               advancement
               of
               learning
               :
               yet
               I
               hope
               it
               may
               be
               as
               free
               for
               me
               without
               imputation
               of
               arrogancie
               to
               publish
               my
               conceits
               herein
               ,
               as
               it
               hath
               been
               for
               them
               ,
               or
               may
               be
               for
               any
               other
               :
               
                 Hanc
                 veniam
                 petimusque
                 damusque
                 vicissim
                 .
              
               
                 We
                 both
                 this
                 leave
                 ,
                 Give
                 and
                 receive
                 .
              
            
             
               My
               end
               and
               studie
               is
               the
               common
               good
               ,
               and
               the
               bettering
               of
               this
               knowledge
               :
               and
               if
               I
               shall
               bring
               any
               further
               light
               to
               increase
               that
               ,
               I
               shall
               be
               glad
               :
               otherwise
               my
               intent
               being
               to
               search
               out
               the
               truth
               ,
               and
               not
               to
               contradict
               others
               ,
               it
               will
               or
               ought
               to
               be
               a
               sufficient
               protection
               for
               me
               ,
               wherefore
               I
               come
               to
               discourse
               of
               Mineral
               waters
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               II.
               
            
             
               
                 Definition
                 of
                 Mineral
                 Waters
                 .
                 The
                 nature
                 where
                 of
                 cannot
                 be
                 understood
                 ,
                 except
                 first
                 consideration
                 be
                 had
                 concerning
                 simple
                 water
                 .
                 Of
                 which
                 in
                 this
                 Chapter
                 are
                 shewed
                 the
                 qualities
                 and
                 use
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 MIneral
                 waters
                 are
                 such
                 ,
                 as
                 besides
                 their
                 own
                 simple
                 nature
                 ,
                 have
                 received
                 and
                 imbibed
                 some
                 other
                 qualitie
                 or
                 substance
                 from
                 Subterran●an
                 Mynes
                 .
              
               
               I
               say
               ,
               
                 besides
                 their
                 own
                 nature
              
               ,
               because
               they
               retain
               still
               their
               liquidness
               and
               cold
               ,
               and
               moysture
               ,
               although
               for
               a
               time
               they
               may
               be
               actually
               hot
               from
               an
               external
               impression
               of
               heat
               ,
               which
               being
               gone
               ,
               they
               return
               to
               their
               former
               cold
               again
               .
               I
               say
               ,
               imbibed
               ,
               to
               distinguish
               them
               from
               confused
               waters
               :
               as
               earth
               may
               be
               confused
               with
               water
               ,
               but
               not
               imbibed
               ,
               and
               will
               sink
               to
               the
               bottom
               again
               :
               whereas
               such
               things
               as
               are
               imbibed
               ,
               are
               so
               mixed
               with
               the
               water
               ,
               as
               it
               retains
               them
               ,
               and
               is
               united
               with
               it
               :
               being
               either
               Spirits
               ,
               or
               dissoluble
               juyces
               or
               tinctures
               ;
               I
               say
               
                 from
                 Subterranean
                 Mynes
              
               ,
               to
               distinguish
               them
               from
               animal
               or
               vegetable
               substances
               ,
               as
               infusions
               or
               decoctions
               of
               herbs
               ,
               flesh
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               Seeing
               then
               that
               the
               Basis
               of
               these
               Bathes
               or
               mineral
               fountains
               ,
               is
               water
               ,
               we
               must
               first
               consider
               the
               nature
               of
               simple
               water
               ,
               and
               from
               thence
               we
               shall
               better
               judge
               of
               Mineral
               Waters
               ,
               and
               their
               differences
               .
            
             
               By
               simple
               water
               I
               do
               not
               mean
               the
               Element
               of
               water
               ,
               
               for
               that
               is
               no
               where
               to
               be
               found
               among
               
               mixt
               bodies
               ,
               but
               I
               mean
               such
               water
               as
               is
               free
               from
               any
               heterogeneal
               admixture
               ,
               which
               may
               alter
               either
               the
               touch
               or
               taste
               ,
               or
               colour
               ,
               or
               smell
               ,
               or
               weight
               ,
               or
               consistence
               ,
               or
               any
               other
               qualitie
               ,
               which
               may
               be
               discerned
               either
               by
               the
               senses
               ,
               or
               by
               the
               effects
               .
               
               This
               water
               therefore
               must
               have
               his
               proper
               colour
               and
               taste
               ,
               without
               savour
               or
               smell
               ,
               thin
               ,
               light
               ,
               cold
               and
               moist
               ;
               if
               any
               of
               these
               properties
               be
               wanting
               ,
               or
               any
               redound
               ,
               it
               is
               mixed
               and
               infected
               .
            
             
               Cold
               and
               moisture
               do
               abound
               in
               water
               .
               
               For
               cold
               appears
               by
               this
               ,
               that
               being
               heated
               by
               any
               external
               cause
               ,
               it
               soon
               returns
               to
               his
               cold
               nature
               again
               ,
               when
               the
               cause
               of
               the
               heat
               is
               removed
               .
               
               And
               whereas
               Air
               is
               held
               by
               the
               Stoicks
               to
               be
               most
               cold
               ;
               and
               confirmed
               by
               Sene●a
               and
               Libavius
               ,
               yet
               the
               reason
               they
               give
               for
               it
               ,
               doth
               seem
               to
               prove
               water
               to
               be
               more
               cold
               ,
               because
               they
               make
               the
               matter
               of
               air
               to
               be
               water
               ,
               and
               to
               have
               his
               coldness
               from
               thence
               .
               
               But
               Aristotle
               holds
               the
               air
               to
               be
               hot
               from
               the
               efficient
               cause
               which
               ●rarified
               ●it
               ,
               being
               of
               more
               validity
               to
               make
               it
               hot
               ,
               than
               water
               (
               the
               material
               cause
               )
               to
               make
               it
               cold
               .
               
               Galen
               is
               of
               neither
               side
               ,
               for
               he
               doth
               not
               judge
               it
               to
               be
               hot
               ,
               neither
               doth
               he
               ever
               pronounce
               it
               to
               be
               cold
               :
               but
               by
               reason
               of
               his
               tenuity
               ,
               apt
               to
               be
               altered
               either
               by
               heat
               or
               cold
               .
            
             
               I
               will
               not
               here
               undertake
               to
               determine
               whether
               all
               be
               bred
               of
               water
               ,
               or
               whether
               it
               be
               not
               a
               distinct
               substance
               of
               it self
               ,
               and
               only
               receiveth
               watry
               vapours
               into
               it
               ,
               being
               agreeable
               in
               cold
               ,
               moisture
               ,
               tenuity
               ,
               &c.
               
               with
               it
               ,
               and
               so
               lets
               them
               separate
               in
               rain
               :
               and
               so
               exonerate
               it self
               of
               these
               vapours
               ,
               as
               also
               of
               dry
               exhalations
               by
               winds
               ,
               
               thunder
               ,
               &c.
               or
               whether
               air
               be
               only
               the
               efflu●●um
               of
               the
               inferiour
               globe
               ,
               being
               within
               the
               orbe
               of
               his
               virtue
               :
               as
               all
               Dominion
               hath
               not
               only
               a
               place
               of
               residence
               and
               Mansion
               ,
               but
               also
               a
               verg●
               and
               territory
               where
               it
               exercifeth
               his
               authority
               and
               government
               ;
               so
               the
               inferior
               globe
               of
               the
               earth
               ,
               and
               water
               hath
               his
               dominion
               beyond
               his
               own
               globe
               ,
               as
               likewise
               may
               be
               thought
               of
               all
               other
               globes
               of
               the
               Planets
               ,
               &c.
               
               But
               these
               points
               are
               impertinent
               to
               my
               purpose
               .
               It
               is
               enough
               for
               me
               to
               shew
               what
               I
               judge
               of
               the
               temperature
               of
               the
               air
               concerning
               heat
               or
               cold
               .
               And
               to
               me
               it
               seem●
               most
               probable
               ,
               that
               the
               air
               of
               it self
               should
               be
               cold
               ,
               as
               may
               appear
               by
               this
               ,
               that
               it
               is
               only
               heated
               by
               external
               causes
               ,
               which
               being
               removed
               ,
               the
               ,
               a●
               returns
               to
               his
               former
               coldness
               again
               .
               So
               we
               se●
               that
               within
               the
               Tropicks
               in
               
                 Zona
                 torrida
              
               ,
               as
               long
               as
               the
               Sun
               is
               within
               their
               Horizon
               ,
               and
               beats
               th●
               air
               with
               his
               perpendicular
               beams
               ,
               it
               is
               exceeding
               hot
               ,
               especially
               in
               the
               vallies
               ,
               where
               the
               reflection
               is
               most
               ;
               insomuch
               as
               Aristotle
               held
               those
               parts
               of
               the
               World
               to
               be
               inhabitable
               ,
               in
               regar●
               of
               the
               extremity
               of
               heat
               .
               But
               after
               the
               Sun
               is
               set●
               the
               air
               returns
               to
               his
               natural
               coldness
               ,
               until
               the
               Sun
               arise
               and
               heat
               it
               again
               .
               
                 Josephus
                 Acosta
              
               ur●
               geth
               this
               argument
               against
               Aristotle
               ,
               about
               the
               habitableness
               of
               the
               torrid
               Zone
               ,
               that
               the
               daie●
               and
               nights
               being
               there
               equal
               ,
               the
               presence
               of
               the
               Sun
               in
               the
               day-time
               may
               well
               heat
               the
               air
               ,
               b●●
               his
               absence
               for
               twelve
               hours
               more
               in
               the
               night
               reduceth
               the
               air
               to
               a
               better
               temper
               :
               and
               upon
               this
               and
               divers
               other
               arguments
               and
               experiences
               ,
               which
               cannot
               be
               denied
               ,
               concludes
               ,
               that
               if
               there
               be
               any
               Paradise
               upon
               earth
               ,
               it
               is
               under
               or
               near
               the
               
               equinoctial
               .
               The
               like
               reason
               may
               be
               drawn
               from
               the
               coldness
               of
               mountains
               ,
               which
               being
               near
               to
               the
               middle
               region
               of
               the
               air
               ,
               and
               wanting
               that
               reflection
               of
               the
               beams
               of
               the
               Sun
               ,
               which
               is
               in
               the
               valleys
               ,
               are
               continually
               cold
               ,
               and
               often
               covered
               with
               snow
               ,
               which
               would
               not
               be
               if
               the
               air
               were
               hot
               .
               As
               for
               the
               conceit
               that
               the
               middle
               region
               is
               made
               cold
               by
               an
               Antiperistasis
               ,
               the
               element
               of
               fire
               being
               above
               it
               ,
               and
               the
               reflection
               of
               the
               beams
               of
               the
               Sun
               beneath
               it
               ,
               it
               is
               an
               idle
               conceit
               .
               For
               these
               heats
               on
               both
               sides
               would
               rather
               heat
               than
               cool
               the
               middle
               region
               by
               their
               working
               upon
               it
               .
               Also
               take
               away
               the
               element
               of
               fire
               from
               under
               the
               Moon
               ,
               which
               is
               an
               opinion
               now
               exploded
               by
               the
               best
               Philosophers
               ,
               and
               then
               what
               becomes
               of
               your
               Antiperistasis
               ?
               
               But
               I
               shall
               speak
               more
               of
               this
               Antiperistasis
               ,
               cap.
               13.
               
               And
               as
               for
               the
               reflection
               beneath
               ,
               it
               is
               a
               weak
               thing
               ,
               and
               will
               hardly
               extend
               to
               the
               top
               of
               a
               steeple
               :
               wherefore
               this
               coldness
               of
               the
               middle
               region
               is
               not
               from
               any
               Antiperistasis
               ,
               but
               from
               the
               nature
               of
               the
               air
               ,
               which
               there
               is
               not
               altered
               either
               by
               any
               influence
               from
               above
               ,
               or
               by
               any
               vapours
               or
               reflection
               from
               beneath
               .
            
             
               Neither
               would
               it
               be
               so
               cold
               neer
               the
               Poles
               ,
               if
               the
               air
               of
               it self
               were
               hot
               .
               But
               the
               long
               absence
               of
               the
               Sun
               in
               those
               parts
               ,
               and
               the
               oblique
               beams
               when
               it
               is
               present
               ,
               do
               permit
               the
               air
               to
               enjoy
               his
               natural
               coldness
               .
               And
               as
               the
               airis
               of
               it self
               ,
               and
               in
               his
               own
               nature
               cold
               ,
               so
               is
               it
               probable
               that
               it
               is
               more
               cold
               than
               water
               ,
               seeing
               it
               hath
               a
               greater
               power
               of
               condensation
               ,
               than
               water
               ,
               as
               we
               see
               it
               congeals
               water
               into
               ice
               ,
               snow
               ,
               hail
               ,
               &c.
               which
               the
               water
               cannot
               do
               of
               it self
               .
               For
               in
               the
               bowels
               
               of
               the
               earth
               ,
               where
               the
               air
               cannot
               freely
               ,
               pass
               ,
               water
               is
               never
               found
               to
               be
               congealed
               ,
               unless
               it
               b●
               compasled
               by
               some
               other
               substance
               equivalent
               to
               air
               in
               coldness
               ,
               as
               Quick-silver
               ,
               Nitre
               ,
               &c.
               where
               cold
               is
               drawn
               into
               a
               greater
               compendium
               ,
               than
               in
               water
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               density
               of
               their
               substances
               :
               and
               in
               ice
               and
               snow
               ,
               the
               cold
               ma●
               be
               greater
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               admixture
               of
               air
               ,
               I●
               is
               likewise
               probable
               that
               earth
               is
               more
               cold
               that
               water
               ,
               if
               we
               consider
               it
               as
               it
               is
               in
               it self
               ,
               and
               no●
               mixed
               with
               other
               heterogenities
               .
               
               For
               as
               motio●
               causeth
               heat
               ,
               and
               levity
               ,
               and
               rarity
               ,
               so
               want
               o●
               motion
               ,
               which
               is
               in
               earth
               ,
               causeth
               coldness
               ,
               density
               ,
               and
               ponderosity
               .
               
               But
               it
               is
               enough
               for
               o●
               purpose
               to
               prove
               both
               air
               and
               water
               to
               be
               cold
               .
               As
               for
               moisture
               ,
               Aristotle
               holds
               the
               air
               to
               be
               mos●
               moist
               ,
               and
               water
               most
               cold
               .
               Galen
               holds
               wate●
               to
               be
               most
               moist
               .
               Aristotles
               reason
               for
               the
               predominance
               of
               moisture
               in
               Air
               is
               ,
               because
               it
               is
               mo●
               hardly
               contained
               within
               his
               bounds
               :
               but
               the
               termination
               of
               things
               proceeds
               from
               their
               opposite
               qualities
               ,
               as
               moisture
               is
               terminated
               by
               dryness
               and
               dryness
               by
               moisture
               :
               and
               dryness
               doth
               a●
               easily
               terminate
               moisture
               ,
               as
               moisture
               doth
               terminate
               dryness
               .
               And
               this
               difficulty
               of
               termination
               in
               air
               ,
               may
               more
               properly
               be
               ascribed
               to
               hi●
               thinness
               and
               tenuity
               of
               parts
               ,
               than
               to
               his
               moisture
               .
               For
               dry
               exhalations
               will
               extend
               themselves
               a●
               well
               as
               moist
               vapours
               ;
               and
               as
               it
               is
               density
               that
               compacts
               ,
               so
               it
               is
               rarity
               that
               extends
               .
               Fire
               it self
               is
               more
               hardly
               bounded
               than
               air
               ,
               and
               yet
               not
               moist
               .
               
               Those
               that
               would
               reconcile
               these
               differences
               ,
               do
               alledge
               that
               Galen
               speaks
               as
               a
               Physitian
               ,
               and
               meant
               that
               water
               was
               
                 bumidissimum
                 medicamentum
                 :
                 
                 Aristotle
              
               as
               a
               Philosopher
               meant
               it
               to
               be
               
                 humidissimum
                 elementum
              
               .
               But
               this
               reconciliation
               gives
               little
               satisfaction
               .
               For
               how
               the
               could
               water
               be
               
                 humidissimum
                 medicamentum
              
               ,
               if
               it
               were
               not
               
                 humidissimum
                 elementum
              
               ?
               For
               the
               simple
               qualities
               are
               more
               intense
               in
               the
               Elements
               ,
               then
               in
               mixt
               Bodies
               ,
               
                 caeteris
                 paribus
              
               .
               We
               speake
               of
               the
               proper
               operation
               of
               water
               according
               to
               his
               natural
               quality
               ,
               and
               not
               as
               it
               may
               work
               by
               accident
               .
               Thinness
               and
               levity
               are
               two
               other
               qualities
               of
               simple
               water
               ,
               which
               Hypocrates
               commends
               ,
               and
               adds
               this
               experiment
               in
               another
               place
               ,
               that
               it
               is
               quickly
               hot
               and
               quickly
               cold
               .
               Galen
               adds
               another
               experiment
               in
               the
               quick
               boyling
               of
               Peason
               and
               Beans
               .
               
            
             
               And
               whereas
               Galen
               produceth
               the
               boyling
               of
               Beans
               as
               a
               familiar
               example
               to
               shew
               the
               tenuity
               of
               water
               ,
               we
               may
               gather
               that
               the
               use
               of
               Beans
               was
               common
               in
               those
               dayes
               ,
               although
               the
               Py●hagorean
               sect
               did
               then
               much
               flourish
               ,
               which
               were
               thought
               to
               forbid
               the
               use
               of
               them
               .
               But
               I
               find
               that
               here
               hath
               been
               a
               great
               mistake
               ,
               For
               Aristoxenus
               who
               wrote
               of
               the
               Life
               and
               Doctrine
               of
               Pythagoras
               ,
               affirms
               that
               he
               did
               delight
               much
               in
               that
               kind
               of
               food
               :
               and
               our
               Physitians
               commend
               them
               for
               loosing
               the
               Belly
               ,
               and
               drying
               of
               Rheums
               .
               
               But
               it
               seems
               the
               cause
               of
               this
               mistake
               was
               a
               Verse
               of
               Empedocles
               ,
               
                 
                   
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                     〈◊〉
                  
                
              
               
                 
                   O
                   miseri
                   a
                   fabulo
                   miseri
                   subducite
                   dextras
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Thrice
                   wretched
                   men
                   ,
                   from
                   Cyams
                   keep
                   your
                   hands
                   .
                
              
            
             
             
               As
               if
               he
               had
               forbidden
               the
               use
               of
               Beans
               ,
               poor
               occasion
               to
               pronounce
               them
               miserable
               which
               used
               them
               .
               But
               he
               meant
               it
               of
               continency
               and
               abstinence
               from
               venery
               ,
               as
               
                 Aulus
                 Gellius
              
               doth
               intérpret
               it
               :
               where
               
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
              
               are
               understood
               to
               be
               testiculi
               .
               
               Cicero
               mentioneth
               the
               the
               same
               of
               the
               Pythagoreans
               ,
               but
               in
               another
               sense
               ,
               because
               Beans
               were
               thought
               by
               their
               flatulency
               ,
               to
               disturb
               our
               Dreams
               ,
               and
               so
               to
               hinder
               the
               divination
               which
               might
               be
               gathered
               from
               them
               ,
               as
               also
               Middendorpius
               judgeth
               :
               But
               t●
               return
               to
               water
               :
               And
               it
               is
               requisite
               that
               wa●e
               should
               have
               these
               qualities
               ,
               
               in
               regard
               of
               the
               manifold
               and
               necessary
               uses
               of
               it
               ,
               both
               for
               M●●
               and
               Beast
               ,
               and
               Plants
               :
               insomuch
               ,
               as
               there
               is
               n●
               living
               for
               any
               creature
               ,
               where
               there
               is
               no
               wate●
               It
               was
               our
               first
               drink
               to
               quench
               our
               thirst
               ,
               an●
               to
               distribute
               our
               nourishment
               as
               a
               vehiculu●
               which
               it
               doth
               by
               his
               tenuitie
               ;
               and
               after
               the
               invention
               of
               Wine
               ,
               it
               was
               mixed
               therewith
               ,
               ●
               Virgil
               saith
               of
               Bacchus
               ,
               
                 
                   Poc●laque
                   inventis
                   Acheloia
                   miscuit
                   ●vis
                   ,
                
              
               
                 
                   And
                   he
                   that
                   first
                   found
                   out
                   the
                   Vine
                   ,
                
                 
                   Mix'd
                   some
                   Water
                   with
                   his
                   Wine
                   .
                
              
            
             
               Where
               ,
               by
               Acheloia
               ,
               he
               means
               not
               only
               t●
               water
               of
               the
               River
               Achelous
               in
               Etolia
               ,
               but●
               other
               waters
               ,
               as
               Macrobius
               proves
               out
               of
               
                 A●●
                 stophanes
              
               and
               Ephorus
               :
               and
               Scaliger
               saith
               th●
               the
               Greeks
               called
               all
               waters
               by
               that
               name
               ,
               fro●
               the
               word
               
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
              
               .
               
               And
               since
               the
               planting
               of
               Vine
               yards
               seeing
               all
               Countries
               could
               not
               be●
               
               Grapes
               ,
               Bacchus
               also
               taught
               the
               world
               to
               make
               
                 vinum
                 è
                 frugibus
              
               with
               water
               ,
               as
               
                 Diodorus
                 Siculus
              
               reports
               ,
               from
               whence
               the
               Egyptians
               had
               their
               Zithum
               and
               Curmi
               ,
               the
               Spaniards
               their
               Cerea
               ,
               the
               Turks
               their
               Cowset
               ,
               and
               we
               our
               Ale
               and
               Beer
               ;
               all
               which
               are
               extracted
               out
               of
               Corn
               ,
               by
               the
               pureness
               of
               and
               tenuitie
               of
               water
               .
               
               By
               means
               whereof
               we
               have
               our
               Broths
               ,
               Syrups
               ,
               Apozemes
               ,
               &c.
               extracted
               with
               it
               ,
               as
               a
               fit
               menstruum
               to
               receive
               the
               faculties
               of
               all
               medicaments
               and
               nourishments
               ,
               especially
               the
               second
               qualities
               ,
               and
               therefore
               it
               was
               antiently
               called
               Panspermia
               :
               besides
               the
               manifold
               uses
               in
               washing
               ,
               dying
               ,
               &c.
               where
               that
               water
               is
               accounted
               hest
               ,
               which
               lathers
               most
               ,
               being
               mix'd
               with
               Soap
               ,
               of
               which
               I
               will
               not
               discourse
               farther
               .
               Levity
               is
               another
               note
               of
               pure
               water
               ,
               alledged
               by
               many
               ,
               and
               serves
               well
               to
               distinguish
               it
               from
               many
               mixed
               waters
               ,
               whether
               we
               respect
               the
               weight
               of
               it
               ,
               or
               the
               molestation
               which
               it
               breeds
               in
               the
               bowels
               .
               
               This
               difference
               of
               weight
               is
               hardly
               discerned
               by
               ballance
               ,
               both
               because
               simple
               waters
               do
               very
               little
               differ
               in
               this
               point
               ,
               and
               also
               many
               mixt
               waters
               ,
               if
               they
               be
               only
               infected
               with
               Spirits
               ,
               and
               not
               corporal
               substances
               ,
               retain
               the
               same
               proportion
               of
               heaviness
               with
               simple
               water
               :
               and
               also
               because
               it
               is
               hard
               to
               have
               great
               Ballances
               so
               exact
               ,
               as
               a
               small
               difference
               may
               be
               discerned
               by
               them
               ,
               yet
               Agricola
               reports
               that
               a
               cotyle
               of
               the
               water
               of
               Pyrene
               and
               Euleus
               ,
               did
               weigh
               a
               dram
               less
               then
               the
               water
               of
               Euphrates
               ,
               or
               Tigris
               ,
               and
               therefore
               the
               Kings
               of
               Persia
               used
               ●o
               drink
               of
               it
               ,
               and
               held
               it
               in
               great
               account
               ,
               as
               also
               the
               water
               of
               the
               River
               Coaspis
               .
               
               Thus
               much
               
               for
               the
               qualities
               which
               simple
               water
               should
               have
               ;
               for
               such
               as
               it
               should
               not
               have
               ,
               I
               shall
               not
               need
               to
               spend
               time
               in
               discourse
               ,
               being
               either
               such
               as
               the
               Senses
               will
               discover
               ,
               if
               it
               be
               in
               taste
               ,
               colour
               ,
               smell
               ,
               or
               touch
               ;
               or
               the
               effects
               ,
               if
               it
               be
               purgative
               ,
               vomitory
               ,
               venomous
               ,
               &c.
               
               
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               III.
               
            
             
               
                 Of
                 the
                 three
                 Originals
                 of
                 Simple
                 Waters
                 .
              
            
             
               NOW
               it
               followeth
               that
               we
               shew
               from
               whence
               these
               waters
               have
               their
               Original
               ,
               which
               is
               no
               other
               then
               of
               the
               mixt
               waters
               ,
               saving
               that
               the
               mixt
               waters
               do
               participate
               with
               some
               Minerals
               which
               are
               imbibed
               in
               them
               .
               
            
             
               They
               haue
               three
               several
               Originals
               :
               the
               one
               from
               moist
               vapours
               congealed
               by
               cold
               in
               the
               air
               the
               second
               from
               the
               earth
               ;
               the
               third
               by
               percolation
               from
               the
               Sea.
               
            
             
               For
               the
               first
               ,
               it
               is
               certain
               that
               our
               Springs
               and
               Rivers
               do
               receive
               great
               supply
               of
               waters
               from
               the
               Air
               ,
               where
               vapours
               being
               congealed
               by
               cold
               ,
               do
               fall
               down
               upon
               the
               Earth
               ,
               in
               Rain
               ,
               or
               Snow
               ,
               or
               Hail
               ,
               whereby
               the
               ground
               is
               not
               only
               made
               fertile
               ,
               but
               our
               Springs
               are
               revived
               ,
               and
               our
               Rivers
               increased
               .
               
               As
               we
               see
               the
               Rhine
               and
               Danubius
               to
               swell
               more
               in
               Summer
               than
               in
               Winter
               ,
               because
               then
               the
               Snow
               which
               continually
               lyeth
               upon
               the
               Alpes
               ,
               doth
               melt
               by
               the
               heat
               of
               the
               Sun
               ,
               and
               fills
               those
               Rivers
               ,
               which
               have
               their
               Originals
               from
               thence
               up
               to
               the
               brinks
               .
               Also
               we
               see
               daily
               after
               much
               Rain
               ,
               our
               small
               Lakes
               
               and
               Rivers
               to
               be
               very
               high
               .
               Also
               upon
               much
               dryth
               our
               Springs
               fail
               us
               in
               many
               places
               ,
               which
               upon
               store
               of
               Rain
               do
               supply
               us
               again
               with
               water
               .
               And
               this
               is
               the
               cause
               that
               in
               most
               parts
               of
               Africa
               ,
               near
               the
               Equinoctial
               ,
               where
               it
               rains
               little
               ,
               they
               have
               little
               water
               ;
               and
               many
               times
               in
               two
               or
               three
               dayes
               journey
               ,
               can
               hardly
               find
               to
               quench
               their
               thirsts
               and
               their
               Camels
               .
               
                 Leo
                 Africanus
              
               speaks
               of
               an
               Army
               wherein
               were
               many
               Camels
               ,
               which
               in
               their
               marching
               ,
               coming
               to
               a
               River
               ,
               (
               perhaps
               it
               was
               but
               a
               Brook
               )
               did
               drink
               it
               dry
               .
               So
               that
               we
               must
               acknowledge
               that
               the
               Earth
               receives
               much
               water
               this
               way
               .
               But
               how
               this
               should
               serve
               the
               Bowels
               of
               the
               Earth
               with
               sufficient
               for
               the
               generations
               there
               ,
               and
               for
               perpetual
               Springs
               ,
               is
               very
               doubtfull
               ;
               whereas
               Seneca
               faith
               that
               these
               waters
               do
               not
               pierce
               above
               ten
               foot
               into
               the
               Earth
               :
               neither
               if
               there
               were
               passages
               for
               it
               into
               the
               Bowels
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               can
               the
               hundred
               part
               of
               it
               be
               imployed
               this
               way
               ,
               but
               is
               readily
               conveyed
               by
               Rivers
               into
               the
               Sea.
               
               Wherefore
               although
               much
               water
               be
               yielded
               to
               the
               superficies
               of
               the
               Earth
               by
               Rain
               and
               Snow
               ,
               and
               Hail
               from
               the
               Air
               ,
               yet
               not
               sufficient
               to
               maintain
               perpetual
               Springs
               ;
               seeing
               many
               times
               ,
               and
               in
               many
               Countries
               these
               aerial
               supplies
               are
               wanting
               ,
               or
               very
               spare
               ,
               and
               yet
               the
               Springs
               the
               same
               .
               Wherefore
               Aristotle
               his
               opinion
               ,
               which
               attributes
               all
               to
               aerial
               water
               and
               vapours
               from
               thence
               ,
               is
               justly
               rejected
               by
               Agricola
               ,
               and
               by
               our
               Countrey-man
               Mr.
               Lydiat
               .
               
               So
               that
               we
               must
               find
               out
               some
               other
               Originals
               ,
               or
               else
               we
               shall
               want
               water
               for
               the
               manifold
               uses
               the
               Earth
               hath
               of
               it
               .
               
               From
               the
               Earth
               they
               make
               another
               Original
               of
               
               perpetual
               Springs
               and
               Rivers
               ,
               seeing
               the
               first
               seems
               to
               be
               ordained
               by
               Nature
               only
               for
               the
               irrigation
               of
               the
               superficies
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               which
               else
               would
               be
               in
               most
               places
               destitute
               of
               water
               ,
               where
               Springs
               are
               not
               ,
               and
               so
               would
               be
               barren
               ,
               Plants
               and
               Trees
               wanting
               due
               moisture
               for
               their
               nourishment
               .
               
               Wherefore
               for
               the
               perpetuity
               of
               Fountains
               ,
               and
               for
               subterranean
               generations
               ,
               which
               cannot
               proceed
               without
               water
               ,
               they
               have
               imagined
               a
               generation
               of
               water
               within
               the
               Earth
               ;
               some
               holding
               that
               the
               Earth
               it self
               is
               converted
               into
               water
               ,
               as
               Elements
               are
               held
               to
               b●
               mutable
               and
               convertible
               ,
               the
               one
               in
               the
               other
               ,
               As
               Ovid
               faith
               of
               the
               conversion
               of
               Elements
               :
               
                 
                   Resolutaque
                   tellus
                   ,
                
                 
                   In
                   liquidas
                   rarescit
                   aquas
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
              
               
                 
                   The
                   Earth
                   likewise
                   ,
                   when
                   once
                   unty'd
                
                 
                   Is
                   into
                   Water
                   rarify'd
                   .
                
              
            
             
               But
               we
               must
               grant
               Ovid
               his
               Poetical
               liberty
               and
               not
               tye
               his
               words
               to
               such
               a
               strict
               sense
               ,
               although
               Scaliger
               in
               his
               Criticks
               would
               not
               pardon
               a
               Philosophical
               errour
               in
               the
               first
               verse
               of
               his
               Metamorphosis
               ,
               for
               saying
               that
               forms
               are
               changed
               into
               new
               bodies
               .
               
               But
               unless
               there
               be
               some
               reciprocation
               between
               water
               and
               air
               ,
               the
               other
               Elements
               are
               not
               convertible
               the
               one
               into
               the
               other
               .
               For
               neither
               Fire
               will
               be
               converted
               into
               any
               other
               Element
               being
               superiour
               to
               the
               rest
               ,
               and
               not
               to
               be
               mastered
               by
               cold
               ,
               which
               only
               must
               be
               the
               agent
               of
               the
               conversion
               of
               it
               by
               condensation
               :
               neither
               will
               the
               earth
               be
               converted
               
               into
               water
               ,
               or
               any
               other
               Element
               ,
               as
               Pla●●
               thinks
               in
               Timoeo
               and
               Aristotle
               3.
               
                 de
                 coelo
                 cap.
              
               7.
               for
               either
               heat
               or
               cold
               must
               convert
               it
               .
               Heat
               cannot
               do
               it
               ,
               although
               it
               rarifie
               and
               attenuate
               ,
               both
               for
               that
               it
               consumes
               moysture
               ,
               and
               also
               because
               water
               is
               cold
               ,
               which
               it
               should
               not
               be
               ,
               if
               it
               were
               made
               by
               heat
               ;
               for
               every
               natural
               Agent
               works
               to
               that
               end
               that
               it
               may
               make
               the
               Patient
               like
               it self
               :
               and
               heat
               may
               convert
               earth
               into
               sume
               and
               dry
               exhalations
               ,
               but
               not
               into
               water
               ,
               for
               all
               water
               which
               is
               not
               eternal
               ,
               is
               from
               cold
               ;
               likewise
               cold
               cannot
               convert
               earth
               into
               water
               ,
               because
               cold
               doth
               congeal
               ,
               condense
               ,
               and
               congregate
               ,
               and
               indurate
               ,
               and
               not
               dissolve
               and
               attenuate
               ,
               &c.
               as
               we
               see
               in
               Amber
               and
               Gumms
               .
               Neither
               will
               water
               be
               converted
               into
               earth
               .
               For
               by
               heat
               it
               turns
               to
               vapour
               and
               air
               ,
               by
               cold
               into
               ice
               and
               stone
               ;
               wherefore
               the
               Elements
               are
               not
               changed
               the
               one
               into
               the
               other
               ,
               unless
               it
               be
               water
               and
               air
               ,
               which
               have
               more
               affinity
               and
               more
               neighborhood
               than
               the
               rest
               .
               
               And
               yet
               it
               is
               doubtfull
               ,
               as
               I
               have
               said
               in
               the
               former
               Chapter
               :
               but
               this
               generation
               of
               water
               from
               the
               earth
               is
               impossible
               .
               Others
               will
               have
               great
               receptacles
               of
               air
               within
               the
               earth
               ,
               which
               flying
               up
               and
               down
               ,
               is
               congealed
               by
               the
               coldness
               of
               Rocks
               into
               water
               ,
               to
               supply
               all
               wants
               .
               
               Others
               imagine
               huge
               Lakes
               and
               Cisterns
               ,
               primarily
               framed
               in
               the
               earth
               ,
               and
               supplyed
               with
               water
               ,
               either
               from
               vapour
               or
               air
               ,
               or
               from
               the
               sea
               ;
               which
               water
               either
               by
               agitation
               ,
               by
               winds
               ,
               or
               by
               impulsion
               from
               the
               Sea
               ,
               or
               by
               compression
               of
               Rocks
               ,
               is
               elevated
               to
               the
               superficies
               of
               the
               earth
               :
               or
               else
               vapours
               from
               thence
               ,
               made
               by
               attenuation
               ,
               either
               
               from
               the
               Sumand
               Starrs
               ,
               or
               from
               subterranean
               fire
               kindled
               upon
               Sulphur
               and
               Bitumen
               ;
               which
               was
               pours
               ascending
               to
               the
               tops
               of
               Mountains
               ,
               are
               there
               congealed
               into
               water
               by
               the
               coldness
               of
               the
               Rocks
               ;
               where
               there
               must
               be
               other
               Cisterns
               or
               Castles
               in
               the
               air
               to
               feed
               the
               inferiour
               Springs
               .
               Others
               will
               make
               the
               earth
               to
               be
               an
               animal
               ,
               and
               to
               suck
               water
               by
               veins
               ,
               to
               serve
               his
               turn
               for
               generations
               and
               nutritions
               .
               But
               why
               should
               it
               suck
               more
               than
               it
               hath
               need
               of
               ?
               and
               how
               shall
               it
               cast
               it
               forth
               beyond
               the
               place
               of
               use
               to
               the
               superficies
               of
               the
               earth
               ?
               unless
               they
               will
               say
               that
               the
               Mynes
               which
               suck
               it
               ,
               do
               puke
               it
               up
               as
               Infants
               do
               when
               their
               stomachs
               are
               full
               ,
               which
               is
               absurd
               to
               say
               .
               These
               and
               such
               like
               devices
               are
               produced
               for
               the
               maintaining
               of
               their
               Original
               ;
               which
               as
               they
               are
               all
               insufficient
               to
               afford
               such
               a
               proportion
               of
               water
               as
               is
               requisite
               ,
               so
               most
               of
               them
               are
               so
               improbable
               ,
               and
               full
               of
               desperate
               difficulties
               ,
               as
               I
               am
               unwilling
               to
               spend
               time
               in
               the
               rehearsing
               of
               them
               ,
               or
               their
               Authors
               ,
               much
               more
               unwilling
               in
               the
               confuting
               of
               them
               ,
               to
               trouble
               my self
               ,
               and
               offend
               my
               Reader
               ,
               only
               the
               point
               of
               subterranean
               fire
               which
               hath
               taken
               deepest
               impression
               in
               most
               mens
               minds
               ,
               I
               shall
               speak
               of
               hereafter
               ,
               when
               I
               come
               to
               shew
               the
               causes
               of
               the
               actual
               heat
               of
               Springs
               .
               The
               third
               Original
               is
               from
               the
               Sea
               ,
               a
               sufficient
               storehouse
               for
               all
               uses
               ,
               and
               whereunto
               the
               other
               two
               may
               be
               referred
               .
               
               For
               that
               which
               falls
               from
               the
               air
               ,
               and
               that
               which
               is
               bred
               in
               the
               earth
               ,
               do
               proceed
               principally
               from
               the
               Sea.
               
               Agricola
               for
               fear
               of
               wanting
               water
               for
               his
               Springs
               ,
               is
               contented
               to
               admit
               of
               all
               these
               Originals
               ,
               although
               he
               relyeth
               
               least
               upon
               the
               Sea
               ,
               because
               he
               knows
               not
               how
               to
               bring
               it
               up
               to
               the
               heads
               of
               his
               fountains
               ,
               but
               is
               contented
               it
               should
               serve
               for
               lower
               places
               near
               the
               Sea-cos●
               .
               As
               I
               remember
               I
               have
               seen
               in
               Zeland
               at
               Westcapell
               ,
               fresh
               Springs
               colated
               from
               the
               Sea
               ,
               through
               banks
               of
               sand
               .
               But
               I
               make
               no
               doubt
               but
               that
               the
               Sea-water
               may
               serve
               all
               other
               Springs
               and
               Rivers
               whatsoever
               ,
               although
               both
               far
               remote
               from
               the
               Sea
               ,
               and
               high
               in
               situation
               .
               Neither
               shall
               we
               need
               to
               flye
               for
               help
               to
               those
               monstrous
               conceits
               of
               Agitation
               ,
               Compulsion
               ,
               Compression
               ,
               Suction
               ,
               Attraction
               by
               the
               Sun
               ,
               &c.
               
               But
               holding
               the
               sacred
               Canon
               of
               the
               Scriptures
               ,
               that
               all
               Rivers
               are
               from
               the
               Sea
               ,
               &c.
               
               I
               perswade
               my self
               ,
               that
               there
               is
               a
               natural
               reason
               for
               the
               elevating
               of
               these
               waters
               unto
               the
               heads
               of
               Fountains
               and
               Rivers
               ,
               although
               it
               hath
               not
               yet
               been
               discovered
               .
               For
               those
               opinions
               formerly
               mentioned
               ,
               will
               not
               hold
               water
               .
               
            
             
               My
               conceit
               therefore
               is
               this
               ,
               that
               as
               we
               see
               in
               Siphunculis
               ,
               that
               water
               being
               put
               in
               at
               one
               end
               ,
               will
               rise
               up
               in
               the
               other
               pipe
               ,
               as
               high
               as
               the
               level
               of
               the
               water
               (
               whether
               by
               his
               weight
               ,
               or
               by
               the
               correspondence
               with
               his
               level
               ,
               I
               will
               not
               dispute
               )
               so
               it
               may
               be
               in
               the
               bowels
               of
               the
               earth
               ;
               considering
               that
               the
               passages
               there
               are
               more
               firm
               to
               maintain
               the
               continuitie
               of
               the
               water
               with
               the
               Sea
               ,
               than
               any
               leaden
               pipes
               can
               be
               ,
               being
               compassed
               on
               every
               side
               with
               many
               Rocks
               :
               as
               we
               see
               in
               
                 Venis
                 ,
                 fibris
                 &
                 commissuris
                 saxorum
                 .
              
               Now
               although
               perhaps
               this
               water
               enters
               into
               the
               earth
               very
               deep
               ,
               yet
               the
               level
               of
               it
               must
               answer
               to
               the
               superficies
               of
               the
               Sea
               ,
               which
               is
               likely
               to
               be
               as
               high
               as
               the
               superficies
               of
               the
               Land
               ,
               
               seeing
               
               the
               natural
               place
               of
               waters
               is
               above
               the
               earth
               .
               And
               although
               neer
               the
               Coasts
               it
               be
               depressed
               and
               lower
               than
               the
               Shore
               ,
               yet
               there
               is
               reason
               for
               that
               ,
               because
               it
               is
               terminated
               by
               the
               dry
               and
               solid
               body
               of
               the
               earth
               :
               as
               we
               see
               in
               a
               cup
               or
               bowl
               of
               water
               filled
               to
               the
               top
               ,
               we
               may
               put
               in
               a
               great
               bulk
               of
               silver
               in
               pieces
               ,
               and
               yet
               it
               will
               not
               run
               over
               ,
               but
               be
               heightened
               above
               the
               brims
               of
               the
               bowl
               .
               The
               like
               we
               see
               ín
               a
               drop
               of
               water
               put
               upon
               a
               Table
               ,
               where
               the
               edges
               or
               extremities
               of
               the
               water
               being
               terminated
               by
               the
               dry
               substance
               of
               the
               Table
               ,
               are
               depressed
               ,
               and
               lower
               than
               the
               middle
               ,
               like●
               half
               globe
               :
               but
               take
               away
               the
               termination
               by
               moistening
               the
               Table
               ,
               and
               the
               drop
               sinks
               .
               *
               〈◊〉
               this
               be
               evident
               in
               so
               small
               a
               proportion
               ,
               we
               may
               imagine
               it
               to
               be
               much
               more
               in
               the
               vast
               Ocean
               and
               our
               Springs
               being
               commonly
               at
               the
               foot
               o●
               Hills
               ,
               may
               well
               be
               inferior
               to
               the
               Globe
               of
               th●
               Sea
               ,
               if
               any
               be
               higher
               ,
               they
               may
               perhaps
               be
               fe●
               from
               rain
               and
               snow
               falling
               upon
               the
               Mountains
               But
               if
               
                 Josephus
                 Acosta
              
               ,
               his
               assertion
               be
               true
               ,
               th●
               the
               Sea
               towards
               the
               Equinoctial
               ,
               is
               higher
               tha●
               towards
               the
               Poles
               ,
               then
               the
               level
               of
               the
               Sea
               m●●●
               be
               much
               higher
               than
               the
               top
               of
               our
               highest
               Hill●
               but
               this
               is
               a
               doubtful
               assertion
               :
               yet
               I
               dare
               believe
               that
               if
               it
               were
               possible
               to
               immure
               a
               Sprin●
               without
               admission
               of
               air
               ,
               which
               might
               break
               th●
               continuitie
               with
               the
               Sea
               ,
               our
               Springs
               might
               b●
               raised
               much
               higher
               .
               At
               Saint
               winifrids
               Well
               i●
               Flint-shire
               ,
               though
               there
               be
               no
               high
               land
               neer
               i●
               yet
               the
               Springs
               rise
               with
               such
               a
               violence
               ,
               and
               i●
               plentifully
               ,
               that
               within
               a
               stones
               cast
               ,
               it
               drives
               ●●
               Mill.
               It
               is
               likely
               that
               this
               Spring
               might
               be
               raised
               much
               higher
               .
               And
               whereas
               we
               see
               that
               River●
               
               do
               run
               downwards
               to
               the
               Sea
               
                 per
                 decline
              
               ,
               it
               doth
               not
               prove
               the
               Sea
               to
               be
               lower
               than
               the
               Land
               ,
               but
               only
               near
               the
               shore
               where
               it
               is
               terminated
               ,
               and
               in
               lieu
               of
               this
               it
               hath
               scope
               assigned
               it
               to
               fill
               up
               the
               Globe
               ,
               and
               so
               to
               be
               as
               high
               as
               the
               Land
               ,
               if
               not
               higher
               .
               For
               if
               a
               measure
               should
               be
               taken
               of
               the
               Globe
               of
               the
               earth
               ,
               it
               must
               be
               taken
               from
               the
               tops
               of
               the
               Mountains
               ,
               and
               from
               the
               highest
               of
               the
               Sea
               ,
               and
               not
               from
               the
               Valleys
               ,
               nor
               from
               the
               Sea-coasts
               .
               This
               conceit
               of
               mine
               I
               was
               fearful
               to
               publis
               ;
               h
               ,
               and
               therefore
               had
               written
               unto
               Master
               Brigges
               ,
               mine
               antient
               friend
               ,
               for
               his
               advice
               in
               it
               ,
               being
               a
               point
               wherein
               he
               was
               well
               studied
               :
               but
               before
               my
               Letter
               came
               to
               Oxford
               ,
               he
               was
               dead
               .
               But
               now
               I
               have
               adventured
               to
               publish
               it
               ,
               to
               stir
               up
               others
               to
               search
               out
               the
               causes
               hereof
               ,
               better
               than
               hath
               yet
               been
               discovered
               .
               
                 
                   Exorsipse
                   secandi
                   ,
                   fungor
                   vice
                   cotis
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Anothers
                   edge
                   ,
                   though
                   blunt
                   ,
                   I
                   set
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   with
                   the
                   Stone
                   that
                   's
                   dull
                   ,
                   I
                   whet
                   .
                
              
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               IV.
               
            
             
               
                 Division
                 of
                 Mineral
                 Waters
                 .
                 Minerals
                 descr●bed
                 .
                 Their
                 kinds
                 recited
                 .
                 Of
                 Earth
                 ,
                 simpl●
                 and
                 mixed
                 .
                 Whether
                 it
                 give
                 any
                 medicinabl●
                 qualitie
                 to
                 Water
                 .
                 And
                 so
                 of
                 the
                 rest
                 in
                 th●
                 following
                 Chapters
                 .
              
            
             
               THus
               much
               of
               simple
               waters
               ,
               and
               their
               originals
               ,
               which
               may
               serve
               as
               Polycletus
               hi●
               rule
               to
               judge
               mixed
               and
               infected
               waters
               by
               :
               Galen
               in
               many
               places
               speaks
               of
               an
               exact
               and
               sound
               constitution
               of
               body
               ,
               as
               a
               rule
               to
               disce●●
               distempered
               and
               disproportionated
               bodies
               .
               An●
               thus
               much
               in
               explication
               of
               the
               Gen●s
               ,
               in
               the
               definition
               of
               Mineral
               Waters
               .
            
             
               Now
               I
               come
               to
               Mineral
               Waters
               ,
               and
               to
               the
               other
               part
               of
               the
               definition
               which
               we
               call
               difference
               ,
               &c.
               from
               Subterranean
               Mynes
               by
               Imbibition
               .
            
             
               These
               Mineral
               waters
               are
               either
               simple
               o●
               compound
               ;
               simple
               ,
               which
               partake
               but
               with
               some
               one
               Subterranean
               Mineral
               ;
               compound
               which
               partake
               with
               more
               than
               one
               .
               And
               the●●
               waters
               partake
               with
               Minerals
               ,
               either
               as
               they
               a●
               confused
               with
               them
               ,
               or
               as
               they
               are
               perfectly
               mixed
               .
               Also
               these
               mineral
               waters
               ,
               whether
               simple
               or
               compound
               ,
               are
               actually
               either
               hot
               or
               cold
               the
               reason
               whereof
               must
               proceed
               from
               some
               Subterranean
               cause
               ,
               as
               shall
               be
               shewed
               hereafter
               .
            
             
               Wherefore
               we
               must
               first
               know
               the
               nature
               o●
               these
               Subterranean
               Minerals
               ,
               and
               their
               generation
            
             
               
               
                 A
                 TABLE
                 OF
                 MINERALS
                 WITH
                 THEIR
                 QVALITIES
                 .
              
               
                 1.
                 
                 Earthly
                 .
                 
                   
                     Simple
                     ,
                     Dry
                     ,
                     Cold
                     ,
                     Astringent
                  
                   
                     or
                     mixed
                     with
                     
                       
                         Nitre
                         
                           
                             Fullers
                             Earth
                          
                           
                             Marle
                          
                        
                         Abstergent
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           
                             Allum
                          
                           
                             Coperas
                          
                        
                         All
                         sorts
                         of
                         Boles
                         ,
                         Astringent
                         and
                         Desiccative
                         .
                      
                       
                         
                           
                             Turfe
                          
                           
                             Bitumen
                             ,
                             Pex
                             ,
                             &c.
                             
                          
                        
                         Fat
                         ,
                         and
                         Unctuous
                         .
                      
                    
                     Vid.
                     p.
                     24
                     ,
                     25
                     ,
                     26
                  
                
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Stone
                 ,
                 vid.
                 p.27
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Bitumina
                 .
                 
                   
                     Solid
                     
                       
                         Terra
                         ●mpelis
                         .
                      
                       
                         Succnum
                         .
                      
                       
                         Ga●a●es
                         .
                      
                       
                         Am●a
                      
                       
                         Canphora
                         .
                         
                           
                             Boneo
                             .
                          
                           
                             Ch●a
                             .
                          
                        
                      
                       
                         Titantrax
                         ,
                         five
                         Carbo
                         fosslis
                         .
                      
                    
                  
                   
                     Liquid
                     
                       
                         Petroleum
                         .
                      
                       
                         Naphtha
                         .
                      
                    
                     Potentially
                     Hot
                     and
                     Dry
                     ,
                     in
                     the
                     2.
                     or
                     3.
                     
                     Degree
                     ;
                     Except
                     Camphir
                     ,
                     concerning
                     the
                     Nature
                     and
                     Qualities
                     of
                     which
                     Autho●sdisagree
                     ,
                     Vid.
                     pag.
                     34.
                     
                  
                
              
               
                 
                 4.
                 
                 Concrete
                 Juyces
                 .
                 
                   
                     Salt
                     ,
                     Astringent
                     ,
                     Detergent
                     ,
                     Purging
                     ,
                     &c.
                     
                     Vid.
                     pag.47
                     .
                  
                   
                     Nitre
                     .
                     
                       
                         Sal
                         Amnoniacum
                         .
                      
                       
                         Borax
                         .
                      
                       
                         Altincar
                         .
                      
                    
                     Vid.
                     pag.
                     44.51
                     .
                  
                   
                     
                       
                         Allum
                         .
                      
                       
                         Vitriol
                         .
                      
                    
                     Very
                     astringent
                     ,
                     and
                     cold
                     ,
                     Vid.p.
                     57
                     ,
                     58.
                     
                  
                
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Spirits
                 .
                 
                   
                     Quicksilver
                     ;
                     Various
                     in
                     it
                     Qualities
                     ,
                     vid.p.
                     61
                     ,
                     62.
                     
                  
                   
                     Sulphur
                     ;
                     Moderately
                     Hot
                     and
                     Dry
                     ,
                     and
                     somewhat
                     Cooling
                     ,
                     vid.
                     p.63
                     .
                  
                   
                     Arsenick
                     
                       
                         Auripigmentum
                      
                       
                         Risagalum
                         ,
                      
                       
                         Sandaracha
                         ,
                      
                       
                         Rusma
                         ,
                         &c.
                         
                      
                    
                     Venomous
                     ,
                     vid.
                     p.65
                     .
                     Extreme
                     hot
                     and
                     putrifying
                     ,
                     p.
                     66
                     .
                  
                   
                     Cadmia
                     
                       
                         Natural
                         ,
                         Liquid
                         Dangerous
                         ,
                         and
                         a
                         strong
                         Corrosive
                         ,
                      
                       
                         Factitious
                         ,
                         Moderately
                         ,
                         hot
                         and
                         cleansing
                         ,
                      
                    
                     vid.
                     p.
                     66.
                     
                  
                
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Mean
                 ,
                 or
                 half
                 Metals
                 ;
                 as
                 
                   
                     Bismutum
                     ,
                     or
                     Tin-glas
                     ;
                     Qualities
                     not
                     mentioned
                     ,
                     vid.
                     p.67
                     .
                  
                   
                     Antimony
                     ,
                     purgeth
                     vidently
                     upward
                     and
                     downward
                     ,
                     ib.
                     
                  
                   
                     Bell-metall
                     ,
                     not
                     used
                     n
                     Physick
                     ,
                     vid.
                     p.68
                     .
                  
                
              
               
                 7.
                 Metals
                 
                   
                     Perfect
                     
                       
                         Gold
                         ,
                         Qualities
                         un●ertain
                         ,
                         vid.
                         p.
                         69.
                         
                         &
                         72.
                         
                      
                       
                         Silver
                         ,
                         Esteemed
                         Cold
                         ,
                         Dry
                         ,
                         Astringent
                         ,
                         Emollient
                         ,
                         vid
                         p.
                         69.
                         
                         &
                         74.
                         
                      
                    
                  
                   
                     Imperfect
                     
                       
                         Hard
                         
                           
                             Iron
                             ,
                             Opening
                             and
                             Astringent
                             ,
                             vid.
                             p.70.74
                             ,
                             75
                             ,
                             76.
                             
                          
                           
                             Copper
                             ,
                             Temperate
                             in
                             heat
                             ,
                             less
                             Astringent
                             ,
                             and
                             morecleansing
                             than
                             Iron
                             ,
                             vid.
                             p.70.77
                             .
                          
                        
                      
                       
                         Soft
                         
                           
                             Tinn
                             ,
                             Cold
                             and
                             Dry
                             ,
                             yet
                             moving
                             Sweat
                             ,
                             P.
                             72.77.78
                             .
                          
                           
                             Lead
                             ,
                             Cold
                             and
                             Dry
                             ,
                             vid.
                             p.72.78
                             .
                             &
                             79.
                             
                          
                        
                      
                    
                  
                
              
               
                 Place
                 this
                 between
                 page
                 24
                 and
                 25
                 ,
                 where
                 the
                 4th
                 .
                 Chapter
                 of
                 Minerals
                 begins
                 .
              
            
             
             
               ●●●om
               whence
               Mineral
               waters
               receive
               their
               ●●●rence
               ,
               from
               common
               simple
               water
               ,
               before
               ●●●n
               judge
               of
               the
               nature
               and
               quality
               of
               them
               ,
               ●er
               Actual
               or
               Potential
               .
            
             
               ●●●y
               Minerals
               ,
               we
               understand
               all
               inanimate
               ●●●ect
               bodies
               bred
               in
               Mines
               within
               the
               bowels
               ●●●e
               earth
               .
               I
               dare
               not
               undertake
               to
               muster
               these
               ●●●ue
               order
               by
               Dichotomies
               ,
               seeing
               neither
               ●icola
               nor
               Fallopins
               ,
               nor
               Libavim
               ,
               nor
               ,
               any
               ●●●r
               that
               I
               know
               ,
               have
               exactly
               done
               it
               ,
               nor
               satisfied
               either
               others
               or
               themselves
               in
               it
               :
               and
               seeing
               there
               are
               divers
               Minerals
               lately
               discovered
               ,
               perhaps
               more
               may
               be
               hereafter
               ,
               which
               have
               ●een
               known
               in
               former
               times
               ,
               and
               therefore
               mentioned
               ;
               as
               Calaem
               in
               the
               East-Indies
               ,
               ●●●ma
               and
               
                 Terra
                 ghetta
              
               in
               Turkey
               ,
               &c.
               
               
               Where●●●
               I
               will
               make
               bold
               to
               reckon
               them
               up
               as
               they
               ●●●e
               to
               hand
               in
               seven
               ranks
               .
            
             
               The
               first
               shall
               be
               earth
               .
            
             
               Earth
               ,
               whether
               it
               be
               bred
               
                 ab
                 exbalatione
                 sicca
              
               Earth
               .
               ●●●igerata
               ,
               or
               
                 ex
                 mistis
                 per
                 putredinem
                 in
                 fimum
                 ●●●versis
                 ,
              
               or
               
                 ex
                 lapidibus
                 sole
                 aut
                 ●alore
                 cockis
              
               &
               
                 ●●●de
                 aqua
                 solutis
              
               ,
               &c.
               
               
               It
               is
               all
               inconcrete
               .
               As
               ●●●tle
               water
               gleweth
               it
               together
               in
               Lutum
               ,
               so
               a
               ●●●t
               deal
               dissolves
               it
               .
               But
               this
               is
               no
               proper
               dis●●●tion
               ,
               but
               only
               a
               disjoyning
               of
               parts
               by
               Im●●●ng
               the
               moisture
               which
               conjoyned
               them
               into
               greater
               proportion
               of
               water
               ;
               for
               waters
               do
               ●●●urally
               run
               together
               ,
               like
               drops
               of
               quick-silver
               ,
               melted
               metal
               .
               Wherefore
               seeing
               the
               moisture
               ●●ch
               is
               in
               the
               earth
               ,
               is
               not
               natural
               ,
               but
               adven●●●ous
               ,
               not
               united
               essentially
               ,
               but
               only
               mixed
               ●●●identally
               ,
               it
               may
               well
               be
               called
               an
               inconcrete●●●stance
               ●●●stance
               ,
               whose
               moisture
               is
               easily
               drawn
               from
               
               it
               ,
               being
               ready
               to
               unite
               it self
               with
               other
               moisture
               and
               leave
               his
               old
               body
               as
               it
               found
               it
               ,
               
               that
               is
               dust
               :
               yet
               so
               as
               that
               water
               retains
               with
               it
               soo●
               taste
               or
               qualitie
               which
               it
               received
               from
               the
               ear●●
               Agric●de
               nat
               ,
               fossil
               .
               Lib.
               1.
               
               Cap.
               4.
               
               This
               dust
               is
               neither
               a
               simple
               body
               ,
               as
               Elements
               are
               ,
               nor
               permanent
               in
               one
               and
               the
               sam●
               kind
               :
               but
               as
               it
               is
               thought
               to
               participate
               with
               
                 an●mates
                 vegetables
              
               ,
               and
               minerals
               ,
               so
               to
               be
               tran●muted
               into
               any
               of
               them
               ,
               being
               both
               Mother
               and
               Nurse
               to
               all
               terrestrial
               bodies
               .
            
             
               Simple
               earth
               ,
               if
               it
               be
               not
               mixed
               with
               other
               substances
               ,
               is
               dry
               and
               cold
               ,
               and
               Astringent
               .
               B●●
               if
               it
               be
               mixed
               ,
               as
               commonly
               it
               is
               ,
               it
               altereth
               h●●
               qualitie
               according
               to
               the
               mixture
               .
               Mine
               inte●
               is
               to
               write
               of
               it
               as
               it
               is
               simple
               ,
               and
               so
               of
               the
               rest
               .
            
             
               Simple
               earth
               yields
               but
               a
               muddie
               water
               of
               self
               ,
               and
               of
               no
               use
               in
               Physick
               ,
               but
               if
               it
               be
               mixed
               with
               other
               Minerals
               ,
               it
               makes
               ,
               the
               water
               to
               participate
               with
               the
               qualitie
               of
               those
               Minerals
               also
               As
               if
               it
               be
               mixed
               with
               Nitre
               ,
               as
               in
               Fullers
               eart●
               and
               Marle
               ,
               it
               makes
               the
               water
               abstergent
               like
               soap
               .
               If
               with
               Allum
               or
               Copperass
               ,
               astringer
               and
               more
               desiccative
               ,
               as
               in
               all
               sorts
               of
               Boles
               .
               with
               Bitumen
               ,
               fattie
               and
               Unctuous
               ,
               as
               in
               Tu●
               and
               Peate
               ,
               &c.
               
               We
               have
               divers
               examples
               all
               sorts
               .
               
               The
               Bath
               of
               Mount
               Otbon
               in
               Italy
               full
               of
               clay
               ,
               which
               is
               a
               kind
               of
               Bole.
               The
               Ba●
               Caldaria
               ,
               full
               of
               Ocre
               .
               The
               Bath
               of
               Saint
               Pet●
               full
               of
               a
               yellow
               earth
               ,
               tincted
               belike
               with
               som
               other
               Minerals
               .
               Wherefore
               these
               are
               to
               be
               judge
               of
               according
               to
               the
               several
               Minerals
               which
               the
               contain
               .
               But
               seeing
               earth
               it self
               makes
               little
               impression
               into
               water
               ,
               neither
               do
               we
               make
               any
               Physical
               
               use
               of
               waters
               ,
               which
               contain
               nothing
               but
               earth
               ,
               I
               need
               not
               spend
               any
               time
               about
               them
               .
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               V.
               
            
             
               
                 Of
                 Stone
                 .
              
            
             
               THe
               second
               shall
               be
               Stone
               .
               Stone
               is
               another
               Mineral
               substance
               ,
               concrete
               and
               more
               heavy
               than
               earth
               ,
               and
               our
               Mineral
               men
               confound
               themselves
               much
               in
               the
               definition
               of
               it
               .
               
               Wherefore
               Fallopius
               implores
               the
               help
               of
               
                 Marcus
                 Antonius
                 Janna
              
               about
               it
               ,
               as
               one
               of
               the
               most
               difficult
               points
               in
               Philosophie
               :
               but
               in
               the
               end
               ,
               defines
               it
               
                 by
                 his
                 want
                 of
                 dissolution
                 ,
                 either
                 by
                 heat
                 or
                 moysture
                 .
              
               And
               whereas
               it
               is
               manifest
               that
               some
               stones
               will
               melt
               ,
               he
               imputes
               it
               to
               the
               admixture
               of
               some
               metal
               ,
               among
               which
               he
               reckoneth
               glass
               .
               Others
               define
               it
               by
               his
               hardness
               ,
               wherein
               commonly
               it
               goeth
               beyond
               others
               Minerals
               .
               But
               you
               shall
               have
               some
               stones
               softer
               than
               some
               of
               those
               ,
               and
               therefore
               the
               definition
               is
               not
               good
               .
               Others
               by
               this
               ,
               
                 that
                 being
                 broken
                 or
                 calcin'd
                 ,
                 they
                 will
                 not
                 be
                 consolidated
                 again
                 into
                 their
                 former
                 consistence
                 or
                 shape
                 .
              
               But
               for
               breaking
               ,
               the
               reason
               of
               that
               ,
               is
               want
               of
               fusion
               ;
               for
               without
               fusion
               or
               ignition
               ,
               which
               is
               a
               kind
               or
               degree
               of
               fusion
               ,
               Metals
               also
               being
               broken
               ,
               will
               not
               be
               consolidated
               into
               the
               same
               Masse
               again
               .
               And
               there
               is
               no
               more
               difference
               in
               nature
               or
               essence
               ,
               between
               a
               whole
               stone
               and
               a
               broken
               ,
               than
               there
               is
               between
               a
               mass
               of
               Metal
               ,
               and
               the
               powder
               or
               filings
               of
               the
               same
               .
               As
               for
               calcination
               ,
               other
               minerals
               may
               be
               so
               far
               
               calcin'd
               ,
               and
               brought
               to
               a
               Crocus
               by
               fire
               ,
               as
               they
               will
               be
               irreducible
               ,
               therefore
               this
               is
               not
               proper
               to
               stone
               .
               Wherefore
               I
               am
               of
               Fallopius
               his
               opinion
               in
               this
               point
               ,
               and
               the
               rather
               because
               otherwise
               there
               would
               seem
               to
               be
               a
               species
               in
               nature
               wanting
               ,
               if
               there
               were
               not
               Mineral
               Species
               wanting
               ,
               dissolution
               by
               heat
               or
               moysture
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               there
               are
               ,
               having
               such
               dissolution
               .
               And
               this
               vacuum
               which
               nature
               abhors
               ,
               is
               not
               only
               to
               be
               understood
               of
               a
               local
               vacuity
               ,
               but
               also
               of
               a
               want
               b●
               such
               species
               as
               are
               in
               natures
               power
               to
               produce
               ,
               for
               the
               ornament
               of
               the
               World.
               For
               if
               it
               be
               a
               natural
               passion
               to
               be
               dissolved
               ,
               it
               is
               likewise
               a
               natural
               passion
               not
               to
               be
               dissolved
               :
               and
               if
               some
               things
               will
               be
               dissolved
               both
               by
               heat
               and
               moysture
               ,
               as
               Salts
               ,
               why
               should
               there
               not
               be
               other
               substances
               which
               will
               be
               dissolved
               by
               neither
               of
               them
               .
               And
               this
               must
               be
               stone
               ,
               for
               nature
               affords
               none
               other
               .
               Moreover
               ,
               according
               to
               
                 Aristotle
                 〈◊〉
                 Quoe
                 concreverunt
                 a
                 frigido
                 &
                 a
                 calido
                 ,
                 a
                 null●●storum
                 dissolvuntar
              
               ;
               Those
               things
               which
               come
               together
               by
               heat
               or
               cold
               ,
               are
               dissolved
               by
               neither
               of
               them
               :
               Of
               this
               kind
               are
               stones
               which
               could
               never
               attain
               to
               such
               purity
               as
               many
               of
               them
               have
               ,
               if
               they
               were
               not
               congealed
               by
               heat
               as
               well
               as
               by
               cold
               .
               Also
               under
               what
               species
               shall
               we
               comprehend
               Diamonds
               ,
               Talcum
               ,
               black-Lead
               ,
               which
               some
               think
               to
               be
               
                 pnigitis
                 ,
                 Magnetis
                 ,
                 Glymmer
                 ,
                 Katzensilber
                 ,
                 pyrimachus
                 ,
                 amiantus
                 ,
                 alumen
                 plumosum
                 ,
                 saxum
                 arenarium
                 mortnum
                 ,
                 &c.
              
               if
               not
               among
               Stones
               ?
               yet
               these
               are
               confessed
               to
               be
               invincible
               by
               fire
               or
               water
               .
               Also
               all
               pretious
               Stones
               ,
               the
               more
               noble
               and
               pretious
               they
               are
               ,
               the
               more
               they
               resist
               dissolution
               either
               by
               fire
               
               water
               :
               for
               this
               quality
               sheweth
               the
               perfection
               of
               their
               mixture
               .
               True
               it
               is
               that
               some
               stones
               will
               be
               dissolved
               by
               fire
               or
               water
               ,
               and
               therefore
               Pliny
               and
               Agricola
               divide
               Stones
               into
               fusible
               and
               infusible
               :
               but
               this
               is
               in
               regard
               of
               other
               substances
               bred
               in
               the
               stone
               ;
               which
               if
               it
               be
               Metal
               ,
               the
               fusion
               will
               be
               Metalline
               :
               If
               Nitre
               or
               mean
               Minerals
               ,
               it
               will
               be
               Vitrificatory
               .
               As
               Pliny
               reports
               of
               the
               invention
               of
               Glass
               by
               certain
               Merchants
               ,
               who
               melting
               Nitre
               upon
               the
               Sand
               in
               Syria
               ,
               where
               with
               Clods
               of
               Nitre
               they
               had
               made
               a
               Furnace
               for
               their
               necessary
               use
               ;
               found
               that
               clear
               Metal
               which
               we
               call
               Glass
               ,
               
                 Ecce
                 liquato
                 nitro
                 oum
                 arenis
                 visi
                 sunt
                 rivi
                 fluxisse
                 nobilis
                 liquoris
                 .
              
               Behold
               ,
               with
               the
               Sand
               ,
               when
               the
               Nitre
               was
               melted
               ,
               ran
               streams
               of
               a
               noble
               liquor
               .
            
             
               If
               Sulphur
               ,
               as
               in
               Pyrite
               ,
               it
               will
               likewise
               melt
               and
               strike
               fire
               .
               And
               whereas
               the
               striking
               of
               fire
               out
               of
               a
               flint
               or
               Pyrites
               ,
               or
               any
               other
               thing
               that
               will
               strike
               fire
               ,
               is
               held
               by
               all
               men
               to
               proceed
               from
               the
               kindling
               of
               air
               ,
               by
               the
               collision
               of
               two
               hard
               substances
               together
               ,
               they
               are
               mistaken
               .
               For
               then
               Diamonds
               ,
               Chrystal
               Glass
               ,
               &c.
               should
               strike
               fire
               as
               well
               as
               flints
               ;
               but
               it
               is
               the
               Sulphur
               contained
               in
               them
               :
               And
               
                 G.
                 Fabricius
              
               in
               his
               observations
               ,
               although
               he
               observes
               not
               the
               reason
               of
               this
               fire
               ,
               yet
               he
               confesseth
               that
               out
               of
               any
               Pyrites
               
                 è
                 quo
                 excutitur
                 ignis
                 ,
                 etiam
                 ●xcoquitur
                 sulphur
              
               ;
               Out
               of
               which
               fire
               is
               struck
               ,
               Sulphur
               also
               is
               to
               be
               had
               .
               Pliny
               gives
               the
               reason
               of
               the
               name
               ,
               
                 quia
                 inest
                 illi
                 ignis
              
               ;
               Because
               fire
               is
               in
               it
               .
               The
               like
               we
               observe
               in
               Indian
               Canes
               ,
               and
               some
               Woods
               that
               are
               unctuous
               ,
               and
               ●ull
               of
               Oyle
               ,
               which
               yield
               fire
               by
               frication
               ,
               or
               
               collision
               ,
               not
               by
               kindling
               the
               air
               thereby
               ,
               but
               inflamable
               Oyle
               in
               them
               .
               For
               air
               being
               cold
               and
               moist
               ,
               as
               hath
               been
               proved
               before
               ,
               hath
               no
               agreement
               with
               fire
               ,
               no
               more
               then
               oyle
               hath
               with
               water
               .
               And
               therefore
               flame
               is
               not
               the
               kindling
               of
               air
               (
               
                 '
                 slamma
                 non
                 est
                 aer
                 accensus
              
               )
               but
               of
               fub
               ginous
               vapours
               ,
               which
               have
               some
               unctuousness
               〈◊〉
               them
               ,
               and
               arise
               from
               the
               mater
               of
               fewel
               ,
               and
               ha●
               some
               inflamable
               parts
               remaining
               in
               them
               :
               whi●●
               neer
               unto
               the
               matter
               of
               fuel
               ,
               do
               cause
               a
               manife●
               flame
               :
               but
               farther
               off
               ,
               no
               flame
               doth
               appear
               :
               y●
               so
               as
               if
               you
               hold
               Flax
               near
               unto
               the
               flame
               ,
               thou●
               it
               touch
               it
               not
               ,
               yet
               it
               will
               kindle
               ,
               by
               reason
               t●
               fire
               extends
               further
               then
               it
               is
               visible
               ,
               being
               a
               p●
               lucide
               and
               transparent
               body
               ,
               and
               thinner
               then
               〈◊〉
               air
               it self
               .
               
               And
               this
               is
               held
               to
               be
               the
               cause
               w●
               it
               is
               not
               visible
               under
               the
               Moon
               .
               And
               where
               without
               air
               fire
               goes
               out
               ,
               and
               is
               extinguished
               ,
               〈◊〉
               reason
               is
               ,
               because
               the
               fuliginous
               vapours
               want●
               evaporation
               ,
               do
               recoyle
               upon
               the
               fireand
               cho●
               it
               .
               This
               is
               evident
               in
               cupping-glasses
               ,
               and
               making
               of
               Char-coal
               :
               where
               if
               the
               air
               be
               altog
               ther
               excluded
               ,
               the
               fire
               goes
               out
               ;
               if
               but
               in
               p●
               then
               although
               the
               flaming
               be
               hindred
               ,
               yet
               〈◊〉
               fire
               doth
               penetrate
               the
               fewel
               ,
               and
               so
               conver●
               to
               coals
               :
               which
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               fuliginous
               pours
               ,
               are
               commonly
               black
               .
               
               Bellonius
               s●
               that
               Char-coals
               made
               of
               the
               wood
               of
               the
               O●
               cedar
               tree
               ,
               are
               white
               ;
               which
               must
               be
               ascrib
               as
               I
               think
               ,
               to
               the
               small
               quantity
               of
               fuligin●
               vapours
               which
               that
               wood
               doth
               yield
               :
               or
               〈◊〉
               that
               those
               vapours
               are
               rather
               sulphurous
               ,
               then
               any
               other
               combustible
               substance
               .
               As
               wee
               that
               Tinby
               Coals
               will
               not
               black
               linnen
               ,
               be
               
               hanged
               in
               the
               smoak
               of
               them
               ,
               but
               rather
               whiten
               it
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               drying
               and
               penetrating
               quality
               of
               Sulphur
               ,
               which
               will
               make
               red
               Roses
               white
               .
            
             
               But
               what
               shall
               we
               judge
               of
               those
               Lamps
               ,
               which
               have
               been
               found
               burning
               in
               old
               Sepulchres
               ?
               some
               of
               them
               (
               if
               we
               may
               believe
               Histories
               )
               having
               continued
               1500
               years
               together
               ,
               as
               that
               which
               was
               found
               in
               Paulus
               the
               third
               his
               time
               ,
               of
               
                 Tullia
                 ,
                 Ciceroes
              
               Daughter
               :
               and
               another
               of
               
                 Maximus
                 Olibius
              
               ,
               near
               unto
               Padua
               ,
               as
               
                 Bernardinus
                 Scardco
              
               reports
               .
               It
               seems
               here
               was
               no
               air
               to
               maintain
               the
               Lamps
               ,
               being
               closely
               shut
               up
               in
               glasses
               ,
               and
               therefore
               they
               burnt
               without
               air
               ,
               and
               were
               not
               extinguished
               ,
               by
               reason
               they
               bred
               no
               fuliginous
               vapours
               to
               choak
               them
               .
            
             
               Now
               whether
               these
               Oyles
               which
               fed
               the
               Lamps
               were
               made
               by
               Art
               out
               of
               Gold
               ,
               as
               some
               think
               ,
               and
               I
               hardly
               believe
               ,
               or
               rather
               out
               of
               some
               pure
               kind
               of
               Naphtha
               ,
               which
               is
               most
               probable
               ,
               I
               leave
               to
               others
               to
               judge
               :
               only
               I
               judge
               it
               to
               be
               the
               purity
               of
               that
               Oyle
               ,
               which
               yielded
               no
               fuliginous
               vapours
               to
               choak
               the
               fire
               .
               If
               air
               had
               maintained
               the
               flame
               ,
               it
               had
               not
               continued
               two
               minutes
               ,
               for
               it
               would
               have
               been
               spent
               and
               wasted
               by
               the
               fire
               .
               Wheresore
               
                 ignis
                 non
                 est
                 aer
                 accensus
              
               .
               If
               other
               concrete
               juice
               be
               mixed
               with
               Stone
               ,
               as
               Salt
               ,
               Allum
               ,
               Vitriol
               ,
               &c.
               it
               makes
               them
               to
               relent
               in
               water
               or
               moist
               air
               ;
               and
               these
               Stones
               are
               never
               good
               to
               build
               withal
               .
               
               But
               let
               us
               take
               Stone
               as
               it
               is
               in
               it self
               ,
               without
               the
               admixture
               of
               other
               Minerals
               ,
               and
               we
               shall
               find
               it
               to
               be
               indissoluble
               and
               invincible
               ,
               either
               by
               fire
               or
               water
               .
            
             
               Metallurgians
               ,
               Refiners
               ,
               and
               Assay
               Masters
               ,
               
               may
               make
               use
               of
               this
               for
               their
               Shribs
               ,
               Tiegles
               ,
               Muffels
               ,
               Copels
               ,
               Tests
               ,
               Hearths
               ,
               Crucibles
               ,
               Furnaces
               ,
               &c.
               where
               they
               desire
               a
               defensible
               substance
               against
               fire
               .
               But
               it
               requires
               a
               preparation
               to
               cleer
               it
               from
               all
               combustible
               and
               dissoluble
               admixture
               :
               as
               they
               may
               easily
               do
               ,
               after
               they
               have
               powdred
               their
               Stone
               ,
               to
               calcyne
               〈◊〉
               and
               wash
               it
               well
               .
               This
               work
               being
               often
               repeated
               ,
               will
               make
               it
               fit
               for
               their
               purpose
               :
               an●
               they
               may
               use
               it
               either
               alone
               in
               the
               same
               manne●
               as
               they
               do
               bone-ashes
               ,
               or
               they
               may
               mix
               it
               with
               their
               lome
               ,
               brick-dust
               ,
               gestube
               ,
               &c.
               
               Also
               the●
               may
               make
               Bricks
               of
               it
               for
               their
               Furnaces
               ,
               which
               will
               hardly
               receive
               any
               injury
               from
               fire
               .
               Talcu●
               also
               is
               a
               Stone
               invincible
               of
               it self
               by
               fire
               :
               and●
               Bricks
               made
               of
               Clay
               that
               is
               full
               of
               it
               ,
               as
               th●
               Guendern
               Clay
               in
               Cornwall
               ,
               will
               hardly
               mel●
               with
               any
               heat
               .
               Stones
               are
               naturally
               dry
               an●
               cold
               ,
               and
               astringent
               like
               a
               concrete
               earth
               .
            
             
               Simple
               Stones
               which
               have
               no
               other
               Mineral
               mixed
               with
               them
               ,
               and
               are
               come
               to
               their
               perfection
               ,
               being
               indissoluble
               ,
               either
               by
               fire
               or
               water
               :
               can
               yield
               no
               quality
               or
               virtue
               to
               Bathes
               ,
               an●
               therefore
               he
               that
               seeks
               to
               draw
               any
               virtue
               fro●
               stone
               into
               water
               ,
               doth
               
                 lapidem
                 lavare
              
               ,
               that
               is
               labour
               in
               vain
               .
               But
               by
               reason
               of
               admixtures
               they
               may
               ,
               or
               whilest
               they
               are
               in
               
                 succo
                 lapidescerte
              
               ,
               before
               they
               are
               concreted
               .
               For
               if
               it
               be
               certain
               that
               Metals
               may
               yield
               virtue
               to
               Bathes
               ,
               being
               alike
               indissoluble
               by
               water
               ,
               there
               is
               no
               reason
               but
               Stones
               also
               may
               .
               
               Fallopius
               is
               again●
               it
               in
               both
               ,
               but
               contradicted
               by
               
                 Julius
                 Caesar
                 Clandinus
              
               ,
               and
               divers
               others
               ;
               yet
               he
               confesse●
               that
               
                 Balncum
                 montis
                 Grotti
              
               ,
               hath
               
                 Gyps
                 〈◊〉
              
               and
               
               Gesner
               affirms
               the
               same
               of
               the
               Bathes
               of
               Eugesta
               .
               
               Also
               he
               finds
               
                 ramentd●mdrmoris
                 in
                 Balneo
                 Corsenae
                 &
                 Agnatio
              
               blit
               he
               judgeth
               that
               they
               receive
               no
               quality
               but
               from
               the
               juice
               ,
               and
               I
               doubt
               not
               but
               he
               is
               in
               the
               right
               .
               And
               for
               
                 succus
                 lapidescens
              
               ,
               we
               have
               many
               examples
               in
               
                 Agro
                 Pisano
                 &
                 Lucensi
              
               in
               Italy
               ,
               in
               Avernia
               in
               France
               ,
               where
               this
               juice
               is
               so
               plentifully
               brought
               by
               a
               clear
               Spring
               ,
               that
               after
               it
               is
               congealed
               ,
               the
               people
               dig
               the
               stones
               ,
               and
               have
               made
               a
               great
               Bridge
               of
               them
               .
               Also
               neer
               Vienna
               in
               Savoy
               ,
               in
               a
               Village
               called
               Giret
               ,
               is
               a
               clear
               Fountain
               which
               turns
               to
               stones
               as
               hard
               as
               flints
               :
               Pliny
               makes
               Tnention
               of
               the
               like
               Springs
               in
               Eubea
               ,
               which
               are
               hot
               :
               and
               Vitruvius
               of
               the
               like
               at
               Hieropolis
               in
               Phrygia
               :
               Also
               
                 Josophus
                 Acosta
              
               of
               the
               like
               hot
               Springs
               in
               Guaniavilica
               in
               Pern
               ,
               which
               turns
               to
               stone
               ,
               whereof
               they
               build
               their
               houses
               .
               
                 Anthonio
                 de
                 Herreza
                 ,
                 cap.
              
               20.
               tells
               of
               the
               same
               Spring
               at
               Guainia
               at
               Velica
               ,
               which
               turns
               to
               stone
               as
               it
               riseth
               ,
               and
               kills
               those
               that
               drink
               of
               it
               .
               Also
               this
               
                 Succus
                 lapidescens
              
               is
               observed
               in
               the
               Bathes
               of
               Apono
               ,
               where
               it
               is
               converted
               into
               stone
               upon
               the
               sides
               of
               the
               Bath
               .
               Also
               in
               the
               Bath
               of
               Rancolani
               ,
               where
               this
               juice
               is
               not
               confused
               ,
               but
               perfectly
               mixed
               with
               the
               water
               ,
               and
               being
               imbybed
               by
               Plants
               ,
               it
               hardens
               them
               like
               stone
               .
               Baccius
               tells
               us
               of
               a
               Cave
               by
               Fileg
               in
               Transilvania
               ,
               which
               turns
               water
               into
               stone
               .
               
               The
               like
               is
               found
               at
               Glainstayns
               in
               Scotland
               ,
               as
               
                 Hector
                 Boetius
              
               reports
               .
               In
               England
               also
               we
               have
               many
               Fountains
               which
               turn
               wood
               into
               stone
               ;
               which
               must
               be
               by
               reason
               of
               this
               
                 Succus
                 lapidescens
              
               mixed
               with
               the
               water
               .
               
               Coral
               also
               being
               a
               Plant
               ,
               and
               nourished
               with
               this
               juice
               ,
               turns
               to
               stone
               :
               so
               doth
               the
               seed
               of
               Lithospermon
               or
               Gromel
               .
               Thus
               much
               of
               Stone
               .
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               VI
            
             
               
                 Of
                 Bitumen
                 .
                 His
                 kinds
                 ,
                 qualities
                 .
                 Of
                 Campli●
                 in
                 particular
                 .
                 That
                 Bitumen
                 is
                 predominan●
                 in
                 the
                 waters
                 of
                 Bathe
                 .
              
            
             
               NExt
               I
               come
               to
               those
               Minerals
               which
               we
               cal
               Bitumina
               ,
               which
               are
               mineral
               substance
               that
               burn
               and
               waste
               in
               the
               fire
               without
               metallin●
               fusion
               ,
               or
               ingression
               .
               The
               greatest
               affinity
               they
               have
               ,
               is
               with
               Sulphur
               :
               but
               this
               hath
               ingression
               into
               metal
               ,
               and
               therefore
               I
               rank
               it
               among
               the
               Spirits
               ,
               and
               Bitumen
               hath
               none
               .
               Of
               this
               kind
               some
               are
               solid
               ,
               and
               some
               liquid
               .
               Solid
               ,
               as
               
                 Succinum
                 Gagates
                 ,
                 Ambra
                 ,
                 Camphora
                 ,
                 Terra
                 Ampell●
                 Lithanthrax
                 ,
                 sive
                 Carbofossilis
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               Liquid
               ,
               〈◊〉
               Petroleum
               and
               Naphta
               .
               All
               these
               are
               great
               fuel
               to
               fire
               ,
               especially
               those
               that
               are
               liquid
               ,
               which
               are
               thought
               to
               draw
               fire
               unto
               them
               ,
               if
               it
               be
               within
               their
               effluvium
               :
               So
               Pliny
               reports
               that
               Medl●
               burnt
               Creusa
               by
               anointing
               her
               Garland
               with
               Naphtha
               :
               and
               Strabo
               tells
               how
               Alexander
               Bath-master
               Athenophanes
               ,
               had
               almost
               burn●
               Stephanus
               ,
               a
               Boy
               in
               the
               Bath
               ,
               by
               sprinkling
               Naptha
               upon
               him
               ,
               if
               it
               had
               not
               been
               suddenly
               quenched
               .
               And
               this
               is
               that
               juice
               or
               thick
               water
               which
               Plato
               in
               Times
               reckons
               among
               fires
               and
               which
               the
               Egyptians
               used
               in
               their
               Sacrifices
               ,
               
               and
               was
               hidden
               by
               the
               Jewish
               Priests
               in
               a
               dty●
               
               pit
               for
               70
               years
               ,
               and
               afterwards
               found
               by
               Nebemi●h
               .
            
             
               But
               whereas
               it
               is
               a
               common
               received
               opinion
               ,
               that
               some
               of
               these
               Bitumina
               will
               burn
               in
               water
               ,
               I
               cannot
               believe
               it
               ;
               although
               .
               Pliny
               and
               Agricola
               ,
               and
               most
               that
               have
               written
               since
               ,
               out
               of
               them
               do
               averr
               it
               ,
               and
               bring
               arguments
               and
               examples
               to
               prove
               it
               .
               For
               although
               water
               were
               a
               fewel
               to
               fire
               ,
               as
               oyle
               is
               ,
               yet
               there
               can
               be
               no
               fire
               without
               air
               ,
               and
               water
               excludes
               air
               ;
               and
               so
               doth
               oyle
               ,
               if
               the
               fire
               be
               beneath
               it
               ,
               and
               covered
               with
               it
               :
               As
               for
               their
               arguments
               ,
               they
               say
               that
               Bitumen
               being
               sprinkled
               with
               water
               ,
               burns
               more
               ,
               and
               therefore
               water
               is
               a
               fewel
               to
               it
               :
               as
               wee
               see
               that
               Smiths
               cast
               water
               upon
               their
               Sea-cole
               in
               their
               Forges
               :
               but
               the
               reason
               of
               this
               is
               ,
               because
               their
               Coal
               being
               small
               like
               dust
               ,
               the
               water
               makes
               it
               to
               cake
               and
               bake
               together
               ,
               where
               otherwise
               the
               blast
               would
               blow
               it
               way
               :
               also
               it
               hinders
               the
               quick
               burning
               of
               it
               ,
               and
               so
               makes
               it
               continue
               the
               longer
               :
               so
               in
               a
               Vulcano
               after
               Rain
               ,
               they
               find
               the
               fire
               to
               burn
               more
               ,
               when
               the
               Bitumen
               is
               smal
               ,
               and
               in
               dust
               .
               Although
               this
               may
               be
               a
               reason
               of
               it
               ,
               that
               the
               Lyme
               which
               hath
               there
               been
               calcined
               ,
               being
               by
               Rain
               dissolved
               ,
               increaseth
               the
               fire
               .
               And
               whereas
               they
               say
               that
               water
               will
               kindle
               Bitumen
               ,
               and
               quench
               Sulphur
               it
               is
               not
               so
               :
               neither
               doth
               their
               example
               of
               Wild-fire
               prove
               it
               .
               For
               in
               Wild-fire
               ,
               besides
               Bitumen
               and
               Camphir
               ,
               there
               is
               a
               double
               proportion
               of
               quick
               Lymes
               ,
               which
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               sudden
               dissolution
               of
               his
               Salt
               ,
               by
               the
               effusion
               of
               water
               ,
               is
               apt
               to
               kindle
               any
               combustible
               matter
               ;
               not
               by
               reason
               of
               any
               Bitumen
               in
               the
               Lyme
               ,
               as
               some
               imagine
               ,
               nor
               of
               
               any
               Empyreuma
               which
               the
               fire
               hath
               left
               in
               it
               ,
               a●
               Fracasturius
               thinks
               :
               for
               ,
               how
               can
               there
               be
               any
               Bitumen
               left
               in
               the
               Lyme
               (
               if
               there
               were
               any
               〈…〉
               first
               ,
               )
               after
               calcination
               :
               the
               fire
               would
               have
               consumed
               that
               before
               any
               thing
               else
               .
               
               And
               as
               fo●
               any
               Empyreums
               ,
               it
               is
               certain
               that
               the
               more
               any
               thing
               is
               burnt
               ,
               although
               the
               fire
               leave
               an
               adustio●
               in
               it
               ,
               the
               less
               apt
               it
               is
               to
               burn
               again
               ,
               especially
               being
               burnt
               and
               calcin'd
               
                 ad
                 calcem
                 aut
                 cinere●
              
               where
               all
               the
               combustible
               matter
               is
               spe●●
               Wherefore
               it
               must
               needs
               be
               by
               the
               violent
               motion
               which
               is
               in
               the
               sudden
               dissolution
               of
               the
               S●
               in
               it
               ,
               as
               appears
               by
               the
               crackling
               it
               makes
               :
               〈…〉
               
                 ex
                 motu
                 fit
                 calor
              
               ;
               And
               motion
               causeth
               heat
               The
               like
               we
               observe
               in
               
                 Pyrite
                 sterili
              
               ,
               where●
               they
               make
               Vitriol
               ,
               which
               being
               broken
               an●
               laid
               up
               in
               heaps
               ,
               and
               moistned
               with
               water
               ,
               w●
               gather
               heat
               ,
               &
               kindle
               any
               combustible
               matter
               p●
               to
               it
               .
               The
               like
               we
               find
               also
               in
               Allum
               Mines
               ,
               &c
               where
               those
               mineral
               juices
               being
               concrete
               in
               th●
               Mine
               ,
               when
               they
               come
               to
               sudden
               dissolution
               d
               〈…〉
               grow
               hot
               ,
               and
               will
               kindle
               fuel
               .
               And
               as
               for
               th●
               example
               of
               the
               Salt
               Lake
               whereof
               Agrico●
               writes
               ,
               between
               Strapel●
               and
               Seburgh
               ,
               which
               burns
               the
               fishermens
               nets
               if
               they
               be
               put
               near
               th●
               bottome
               :
               and
               of
               the
               Lake
               Sputa
               ,
               in
               Medi●
               mentioned
               by
               Strabo
               ,
               which
               burns
               Cloths
               put
               into
               it
               :
               I
               take
               that
               to
               be
               by
               reason
               of
               th●
               corr●sive
               quality
               of
               the
               Salt
               which
               frets
               them
               being
               stronger
               near
               the
               bottome
               ;
               and
               not
               fro●
               Bitumen
               ,
               as
               Agricola
               thinks
               .
               
               The
               like
               I
               judg
               of
               the
               Lake
               by
               Denstadt
               in
               Turingia
               .
               And
               is
               very
               probable
               that
               Salt
               being
               heavier
               the
               Water
               ,
               will
               be
               most
               towards
               the
               bottome
               :
               as
               
               is
               reported
               of
               the
               fountain
               Achilleus
               in
               Mileto
               ,
               whose
               water
               is
               very
               sweet
               and
               fresh
               above
               ,
               and
               very
               salt
               towards
               the
               bottom
               .
               So
               is
               the
               water
               of
               Agnano
               in
               Italy
               ,
               as
               M.
               Sandys
               reports
               in
               his
               travels
               .
               And
               the
               more
               heavy
               and
               terrestrial
               any
               sait
               is
               ,
               the
               more
               corrosive
               it
               is
               :
               and
               so
               contratywise
               ,
               the
               more
               corrosive
               ,
               the
               more
               heavy
               .
               Aristotle
               asfirms
               the
               Sea-water
               to
               be
               more
               salt
               at
               the
               bottom
               than
               above
               :
               and
               so
               doth
               Pliny
               ,
               who
               likewise
               makes
               mention
               of
               the
               Lake
               Ascanius
               in
               Chalcide
               ,
               whose
               top
               is
               sweet
               ,
               and
               bottom
               nitrous
               .
               
               Baccius
               writes
               the
               like
               of
               a
               Well
               near
               Toletum
               in
               Spain
               ,
               the
               water
               whereof
               is
               sweet
               above
               ,
               and
               corrosive
               beneath
               ;
               which
               he
               judgeth
               to
               be
               from
               Quick-silver
               .
               
               Fallopius
               is
               also
               of
               opinion
               ,
               that
               Bitumen
               doth
               not
               only
               burn
               in
               water
               ,
               but
               is
               nourished
               by
               water
               ,
               because
               it
               makes
               the
               fire
               to
               last
               longer
               .
               
               But
               I
               have
               shewed
               the
               reason
               of
               that
               before
               .
               And
               for
               the
               burning
               in
               water
               ,
               he
               should
               have
               said
               upon
               the
               water
               ;
               for
               there
               it
               will
               burn
               as
               long
               as
               it
               swimmeth
               ;
               but
               dip
               it
               under
               the
               water
               ,
               and
               it
               is
               presently
               extinguished
               .
            
             
               And
               whereas
               some
               report
               that
               Queen
               Ann
               of
               blessed
               memory
               ,
               being
               in
               our
               Kings
               Bath
               ,
               there
               arose
               a
               flame
               of
               fire
               like
               a
               candle
               from
               the
               bottom
               of
               the
               Bath
               to
               the
               top
               near
               unto
               her
               ,
               they
               must
               give
               me
               leave
               not
               to
               believe
               it
               ,
               but
               rather
               to
               think
               they
               were
               mistaken
               :
               for
               ,
               I
               am
               not
               bound
               to
               believe
               any
               thing
               against
               reason
               ,
               which
               God
               hath
               given
               me
               to
               be
               my
               guide
               .
               It
               might
               have
               been
               some
               bubble
               of
               wind
               which
               is
               frequent
               in
               our
               Baths
               ,
               or
               some
               bituminous
               matter
               not
               dissolved
               in
               the
               water
               ,
               did
               arise
               ,
               and
               being
               at
               the
               top
               ,
               dissolve
               it self
               upon
               the
               surface
               in
               the
               form
               of
               a
               
               circle
               ;
               but
               it
               could
               not
               be
               kindled
               .
               And
               if
               it
               might
               be
               kindled
               in
               the
               water
               (
               which
               were
               impossible
               )
               yet
               in
               all
               likelyhood
               it
               would
               have
               burnt
               better
               above
               the
               water
               than
               within
               it
               ,
               and
               not
               be
               presently
               extinct
               ,
               as
               they
               report
               .
               These
               Bitumina
               (
               excepting
               Camphir
               )
               are
               potentially
               hot
               and
               dry
               in
               the
               second
               or
               third
               degree
               ;
               but
               concerning
               Camphir
               there
               are
               two
               doubts
               .
               
               First
               ,
               whether
               it
               be
               a
               Bitumen
               or
               a
               Gum.
               Secondly
               ,
               whether
               it
               be
               hot
               or
               cold
               .
               
               The
               Arabians
               aff●●
               it
               to
               be
               the
               gum
               of
               a
               huge
               tree
               with
               white
               leaves
               ,
               under
               whose
               shadow
               many
               wild
               beasts
               may
               lye
               and
               that
               after
               earth-quakes
               there
               is
               great
               plenty
               found
               ;
               that
               it
               is
               in
               quality
               cold
               and
               dry
               in
               th●
               third
               degree
               ;
               some
               late
               writers
               follow
               them
               i●
               their
               opinion
               of
               a
               Gum
               ,
               as
               
                 Mathiolus
                 ,
                 Amat●
                 Lusitanus
                 ,
                 Garcias
                 ab
                 borto
                 ,
              
               &c.
               
               Plateareus
               hold
               it
               to
               be
               the
               juyce
               of
               an
               herb
               .
               
               But
               we
               must
               consider
               that
               they
               make
               two
               sorts
               of
               Camphir
               ,
               th●
               one
               of
               Borneo
               ,
               the
               other
               of
               Chyna
               .
               For
               that
               〈…〉
               Chyna
               they
               confess
               it
               is
               adulterated
               with
               Bitumen
               :
               and
               that
               is
               the
               only
               Camphir
               in
               use
               with
               us
               .
               But
               that
               of
               Borneo
               to
               be
               a
               simple
               Gum
               ,
               and
               that
               a
               pound
               of
               this
               is
               valued
               as
               dear
               as
               an
               hundred
               pound
               weight
               of
               the
               other
               .
               So
               that
               all
               th●
               doubt
               lieth
               in
               this
               Camphir
               of
               Borneo
               ;
               which
               whether
               it
               be
               a
               Gum
               or
               no
               ,
               is
               still
               in
               controversie
               .
               For
               the
               Arabians
               not
               trading
               into
               those
               parts
               had
               the
               notice
               hereof
               only
               from
               others
               ,
               as
               Serapio
               and
               Avicen
               do
               confess
               :
               and
               
                 Amatus
                 Lusitanus
              
               faith
               the
               inhabitants
               will
               not
               suffer
               stranger
               to
               come
               ashore
               to
               see
               it
               .
               
               So
               as
               we
               have
               been
               kept
               in
               ignorance
               a
               long
               time
               from
               the
               true
               knowledge
               of
               it
               .
               And
               
                 Garcias
                 Ab
                 horto
              
               tells
               us
               
               that
               all
               his
               knowledge
               of
               it
               ,
               is
               but
               by
               relation
               ;
               himself
               not
               being
               able
               ●●trável
               to
               see
               it
               ,
               partly
               by
               reason
               of
               his
               age
               ,
               and
               partly
               for
               his
               continual
               imployment
               about
               the
               Viceroy
               ,
               yet
               be
               faith
               ,
               that
               that
               he
               had
               a
               piece
               of
               the
               wood
               given
               him
               :
               On●ly
               
                 Edvardus
                 Barbosa
              
               reports
               that
               he
               did
               see
               the
               place
               in
               Borneo
               ,
               and
               found
               it
               to
               be
               of
               a
               mineral
               nature
               .
               
               But
               Barbosa
               his
               testimony
               is
               not
               authentical
               ,
               having
               failed
               much
               in
               other
               of
               his
               relations
               :
               as
               where
               he
               reports
               that
               the
               Purcelan
               of
               China
               is
               made
               of
               Oyster-shells
               ,
               &c.
               
               He
               is
               contradicted
               by
               
                 Consalvus
                 Mendosa
              
               a
               man
               employed
               in
               those
               parts
               by
               the
               King
               of
               Spain
               ,
               for
               such
               discoveries
               ,
               and
               also
               by
               
                 Hugo
                 a
                 Linschoten
              
               ,
               a
               man
               of
               great
               observation
               ,
               and
               both
               of
               them
               of
               far
               better
               credit
               than
               he
               .
               I
               procured
               some
               of
               that
               Camphir
               to
               be
               brought
               from
               thence
               by
               my
               worthy
               friend
               Captain
               Best
               ,
               but
               whether
               it
               be
               a
               Gum
               or
               a
               Bitumen
               ,
               by
               the
               view
               I
               cannot
               discern
               .
               But
               if
               it
               be
               a
               Gum
               ,
               faith
               Solinander
               ,
               why
               should
               it
               abound
               more
               after
               earth-quakes
               ?
               and
               why
               should
               it
               burn
               and
               not
               dissolve
               in
               water
               ?
               No
               Gums
               will
               burn
               ,
               and
               all
               Gums
               will
               dissolve
               in
               water
               :
               and
               earth-quakes
               make
               no
               trees
               fruitful
               ,
               but
               may
               cast
               forth
               minerals
               .
               That
               there
               is
               a
               natural
               bituminous
               Camphir
               ,
               I
               make
               no
               doubt
               :
               and
               Agricola
               proves
               it
               sufficiently
               :
               And
               the
               Bath
               in
               Remandiola
               near
               Rhegium
               shews
               it
               .
               
               Also
               the
               Well
               by
               Muntzbach
               ,
               where
               Tabernomontanus
               faith
               there
               is
               mineral
               Camphir
               ,
               Averroes
               faith
               ,
               it
               is
               affinis
               Bitumini
               .
               
            
             
               I
               confess
               that
               when
               I
               published
               my
               first
               edition
               ,
               I
               was
               perswaded
               by
               Solinanders
               judgement
               ,
               to
               think
               all
               Camphir
               to
               be
               a
               Bitumen
               ,
               and
               namely
               
               that
               of
               Borneo
               ,
               but
               since
               upon
               better
               enquiry
               ,
               I
               find
               it
               otherwise
               .
               For●
               Captain
               Best
               ,
               beside●
               the
               relations
               made
               unto
               him
               in
               the
               Indies
               ,
               concerning
               this
               Camphir
               ,
               that
               it
               was
               from
               a
               tree
               ,
               hath
               also
               procured
               me
               the
               testimony
               of
               Master
               
                 Andrew
                 Gogganel
              
               ,
               under
               his
               own
               hand
               ,
               that
               both
               the
               Camphir
               of
               Borneo
               and
               Sumatra
               ,
               are
               gum●
               of
               a
               tree
               ,
               and
               no
               Bituminous
               matter
               ,
               himself
               having
               been
               at
               the
               gathering
               of
               it
               ,
               and
               at
               the
               cutting
               down
               of
               some
               of
               the
               trees
               .
               He
               hath
               also
               traded
               much
               in
               that
               commodity
               ,
               and
               vented
               it
               a●
               Japan
               ;
               where
               it
               seems
               ,
               as
               also
               at
               Chyna
               ,
               they
               mix
               and
               adulterate
               it
               with
               some
               other
               matter
               ,
               to
               increase
               the
               substance
               ,
               and
               abate
               the
               price
               ;
               which
               mixture
               perhaps
               may
               be
               some
               Bituminou●
               substance
               .
               This
               Master
               Cogganell
               hath
               lived
               1●
               years
               in
               those
               parts
               ,
               and
               speaks
               the
               usual
               language
               ,
               and
               hath
               been
               often
               upon
               that
               Island
               o●
               Borneo
               .
            
             
               Now
               for
               Solinanders
               reasons
               ,
               they
               are
               easily
               answered
               :
               no
               Gums
               ,
               faith
               he
               ,
               will
               burn
               ,
               and
               all
               Gums
               will
               dissolve
               in
               water
               .
               I
               grant
               it
               ,
               if
               you
               take
               the
               word
               Gum
               in
               a
               strict
               sense
               ,
               for
               wa●ry
               Gums
               ,
               as
               Tragacanth
               ,
               Arabick
               ,
               &c.
               
               But
               we
               use
               the
               word
               Gum
               in
               a
               more
               general
               sense
               ,
               comprehending
               under
               it
               all
               Rosins
               ,
               Turpentines
               ,
               Pitches
               ,
               &c.
               which
               being
               unctuous
               and
               oily
               ,
               will
               readily
               burn
               ,
               and
               will
               not
               dissolve
               in
               water
               .
               Among
               these
               Gums
               or
               Rosins
               ,
               we
               reckon
               Camphir
               ,
               and
               so
               that
               argument
               is
               answered
               .
               As
               for
               his
               other
               argument
               drawn
               from
               earth-quakes
               ,
               mentioned
               by
               the
               Arabians
               ,
               after
               which
               there
               is
               commonly
               more
               plenty
               of
               Camphir
               :
               this
               doth
               not
               prove
               it
               to
               be
               a
               mineral
               ;
               For
               earth-quakes
               are
               as
               apt
               
               to
               cast
               up
               fresh
               mould
               ,
               whereby
               trees
               are
               made
               fruitful
               ,
               as
               minerals
               .
               Wherefore
               let
               us
               subscribe
               to
               the
               antient
               Arabians
               ,
               although
               they
               were
               not
               eye-witnesses
               hereof
               ,
               and
               to
               the
               later
               observations
               of
               Spaniards
               and
               others
               ;
               especially
               now
               that
               we
               have
               a
               Countrey-man
               of
               our
               own
               ,
               who
               hath
               had
               as
               good
               means
               to
               learn
               the
               truth
               of
               this
               ,
               as
               any
               European
               ever
               had
               ;
               who
               is
               yet
               living
               ,
               and
               able
               to
               give
               satisfaction
               to
               any
               that
               are
               curious
               in
               these
               points
               .
            
             
               Now
               for
               the
               qualities
               of
               it
               ,
               the
               most
               general
               and
               truest
               opinion
               is
               ,
               that
               it
               is
               cold
               and
               dry
               .
               
               Matthiolus
               judgeth
               it
               to
               be
               hot
               for
               three
               special
               reasons
               .
               First
               ,
               because
               it
               burns
               ,
               and
               is
               a
               great
               fuel
               to
               fire
               .
               If
               this
               argument
               be
               good
               ,
               then
               flax
               ,
               and
               straw
               ,
               and
               paper
               ,
               and
               touch-wood
               ,
               and
               spunck
               should
               be
               hot
               ;
               for
               they
               are
               apt
               fuels
               to
               fire
               .
               Secondly
               ,
               because
               it
               is
               ,
               odorata
               ,
               and
               he
               holds
               all
               odorata
               ,
               to
               be
               calida
               :
               Galen
               is
               of
               another
               opinion
               ,
               and
               holds
               the
               judgement
               of
               simples
               by
               favour
               to
               be
               uncertain
               .
               
               And
               as
               for
               Camphir
               ,
               Galen
               knew
               it
               not
               .
               Avicen
               faith
               expresly
               of
               Camphir
               ,
               that
               although
               it
               be
               o●●●ata
               ,
               yet
               it
               is
               frigida
               .
               And
               if
               Mattbiolus
               his
               rea
               〈…〉
               were
               good
               ,
               then
               Roses
               and
               Violets
               ,
               and
               Vinega●
               should
               be
               hot
               ;
               for
               they
               are
               odorata
               .
               It
               is
               true
               that
               all
               favours
               arise
               from
               heat
               ,
               as
               Gal●n
               faith
               ,
               and
               all
               compounded
               bodies
               have
               some
               hot
               parts
               :
               but
               we
               speak
               of
               the
               predominancy
               in
               the
               subject
               ,
               and
               of
               the
               operation
               it
               hath
               upon
               mans
               body
               .
               
               Thirdly
               ,
               because
               it
               bites
               the
               tong●e
               .
               So
               doth
               juice
               of
               Lemons
               ,
               and
               Barberies
               ,
               and
               Vinegar
               ,
               &c.
               and
               yet
               they
               are
               cold
               .
               Wherefore
               I
               conclude
               our
               Camphir
               to
               be
               in
               quality
               cold
               and
               dry
               ,
               and
               of
               very
               
               subtil
               parts
               .
               These
               Bitumina
               being
               unctuous
               and
               oily
               ,
               dissolve
               not
               of
               themselves
               in
               water
               ,
               without
               the
               help
               of
               some
               mineral
               juice
               ,
               but
               may
               be
               confused
               with
               it
               .
               And
               we
               have
               many
               fountains
               and
               lakes
               which
               participate
               with
               them
               .
               In
               
                 Shro●
                 shire
              
               at
               Pitchford
               ,
               is
               a
               Spring
               that
               casteth
               for●
               Bitumen
               swimming
               upon
               the
               water
               .
               The
               like
               w●
               read
               of
               in
               Avernia
               in
               France
               ,
               between
               Clartmond
               and
               Monferan
               ,
               where
               the
               people
               gather
               〈…〉
               for
               their
               uses
               .
               In
               Italy
               there
               are
               many
               fountains
               yielding
               Bitumen
               ;
               at
               Maianum
               ,
               and
               Sasso●●
               and
               Salsa
               ,
               and
               Herculanum
               at
               the
               foot
               of
               the
               Mountain
               Vesuvium
               ,
               at
               Baia
               ,
               and
               also
               at
               the
               cape
               of
               S.
               Helena
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               Isle
               of
               woolfs
               there
               are
               fountains
               of
               pitchie
               Bitumen
               ,
               which
               are
               used
               to
               pitch
               ropes
               and
               tackling
               ,
               as
               
                 Josepbus
                 Acost●
              
               reports
               .
               
               And
               we
               have
               that
               famous
               lake
               
                 Aspha
                 〈…〉
                 tites
              
               in
               Jud●ea
               ,
               so
               full
               of
               Bitumen
               ,
               that
               it
               hardly
               suffers
               any
               thing
               to
               sink
               in
               it
               .
               The
               River
               Lipari●
               in
               Cilicia
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               a
               Spring
               near
               Solos
               ,
               is
               〈…〉
               full
               of
               liquid
               Bitumen
               ,
               as
               they
               which
               swim
               or
               wast
               in
               it
               ,
               seem
               to
               be
               anointed
               with
               oyle
               .
               
               Also
               there
               are
               Bituminous
               Springs
               in
               Saxony
               at
               Bruno
               ,
               i●
               Swevia
               the
               lake
               Tegera
               ,
               at
               Gersedorf
               under
               the
               mount
               Jurat
               ,
               in
               Asia
               by
               Tralleis
               and
               Nissa
               .
               Also
               in
               the
               West-Indies
               there
               are
               many
               found
               which
               they
               put
               to
               use
               for
               shipping
               .
               And
               this
               Bitume●
               is
               the
               chief
               ingredient
               in
               our
               Baths
               at
               Bathe
               i●
               Somerset-shire
               ,
               although
               diluted
               with
               much
               Nitre
               ,
               which
               makes
               the
               solution
               the
               better
               ,
               and
               the
               water
               more
               clear
               .
               
               That
               Bitumen
               is
               predominan●
               in
               these
               our
               Baths
               ,
               may
               be
               proved
               by
               the
               effects
               ,
               because
               we
               finde
               them
               exceedingly
               to
               comfort
               the
               nerves
               ,
               supple
               the
               joynts
               ,
               dry
               up
               theumes
               ,
               
               cure
               Palsies
               ,
               and
               Contractions
               ,
               being
               distinctly
               used
               ,
               tinct
               silver
               into
               the
               colour
               of
               gold
               ,
               &c.
               
               Also
               by
               the
               Bituminous
               favour
               of
               them
               ,
               and
               by
               the
               neighbourhood
               of
               Cole-mines
               in
               those
               parts
               .
               All
               which
               do
               argue
               Bitumen
               to
               abound
               in
               them
               .
               And
               whereas
               Doctor
               
                 william
                 Turner
              
               in
               his
               treatise
               of
               these
               Baths
               ,
               thinketh
               Brimstone
               to
               be
               the
               chief
               mineral
               ,
               and
               Copper
               next
               ;
               I
               am
               not
               of
               his
               opinion
               .
               The
               actual
               heat
               is
               no
               argument
               of
               Brimstone
               ,
               as
               shall
               be
               shewed
               when
               I
               come
               to
               that
               point
               :
               neither
               doth
               the
               favour
               bewray
               it
               .
               But
               his
               reason
               for
               Copper
               is
               very
               weak
               .
               He
               found
               a
               Marchesit
               upon
               one
               of
               the
               Hills
               ,
               which
               he
               thought
               to
               hold
               Copper
               :
               But
               Marchesits
               although
               they
               shew
               yellow
               ,
               yet
               they
               seldom
               hold
               Copper
               ,
               or
               any
               other
               Metal
               .
               But
               his
               discourse
               hath
               perswaded
               
                 John
                 Bauhinus
              
               to
               publish
               it
               confidently
               to
               the
               World.
               
               I
               shall
               have
               occasion
               to
               speak
               more
               of
               this
               hereafter
               .
               And
               thus
               much
               of
               Bitumina
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               VII
               .
            
             
               
                 Of
                 Mineral
                 juyces
                 concrete
                 :
                 called
                 by
                 the
                 Alchymists
                 ,
                 Salts
                 .
                 The
                 four
                 principal
                 sorts
                 of
                 them
                 ;
                 Salt
                 ,
                 Nitre
                 ,
                 Allum
                 ,
                 Vitriol
                 .
              
            
             
               A
               Fourth
               sort
               of
               minerals
               are
               concrete
               juyce●
               which
               are
               mineral
               substances
               dissoluble
               in
               water
               .
               
               These
               the
               Alchymists
               call
               Salts
               ,
               and
               are
               the
               means
               of
               communicating
               all
               other
               minerals
               with
               water
               .
               For
               as
               water
               is
               apt
               to
               dissolve
               and
               extract
               vegetables
               ,
               so
               are
               these
               concrete
               juyce●
               apt
               to
               dissolve
               and
               extract
               mineral
               substances
               .
               And
               although
               they
               are
               found
               sometimes
               liquid
               being
               dissolved
               by
               moysture
               ;
               yet
               we
               call
               the●
               concrete
               ,
               because
               they
               will
               be
               concrete
               whe●●
               the
               adventitious
               moysture
               is
               removed
               .
               Our
               mineral
               Authors
               do
               make
               many
               sorts
               of
               these
               according
               to
               the
               several
               minerals
               which
               they
               imbibe
               :
               but
               in
               truth
               they
               may
               be
               all
               reduced
               to
               four
               heads
               ;
               Salt
               ,
               Nitre
               ,
               Allum
               ,
               and
               Vitriol
               .
               And
               each
               of
               these
               hath
               divers
               species
               ,
               as
               Gebe●
               and
               Casalpinus
               say
               of
               Salt
               ,
               
                 quot
                 genera
                 calcium
                 ,
                 tot
                 genera
                 salium
                 .
              
               Concerning
               Vitriol
               there
               may
               be
               some
               doubt
               whether
               it
               be
               a
               distinct
               specie●
               from
               Allum
               ,
               and
               have
               received
               only
               some
               tincture
               from
               Copper
               or
               Iron
               ,
               or
               from
               some
               of
               their
               brood
               ,
               which
               are
               called
               excrements
               .
               For
               in
               distilling
               oyle
               of
               Vitriol
               ,
               the
               lute
               wherewith
               the
               glasses
               are
               joyned
               ,
               will
               yield
               perfect
               Allum
               .
               And
               Vitriol
               being
               boyl'd
               ,
               ariseth
               
                 in
                 bullas
              
               as
               Allum
               doth
               ,
               and
               shoots
               like
               Allum
               
                 in
                 glebas
              
               ;
               as
               Salt
               doth
               
                 in
                 tesseras
              
               ,
               and
               Nitre
               
                 in
                 stirias
              
               .
               The
               shooting
               
               or
               roching
               of
               concrete
               juyces
               ,
               is
               worthy
               to
               be
               observed
               ,
               seeing
               every
               kind
               hath
               his
               several
               manner
               or
               fashion
               of
               shooting
               ,
               whereby
               a
               man
               may
               see
               the
               perfection
               of
               each
               kind
               .
               For
               example
               ,
               if
               Salt-peeter
               be
               brought
               you
               to
               examine
               whether
               it
               be
               perfect
               good
               or
               not
               ,
               dissolve
               it
               in
               water
               ,
               and
               set
               it
               to
               shoot
               in
               a
               wooden-dish
               ,
               or
               with
               sticks
               of
               Ash
               ,
               or
               other
               porons
               wood
               :
               and
               if
               it
               shoot
               in
               needles
               ,
               (
               
                 in
                 stirias
              
               )
               it
               is
               right
               .
               But
               if
               any
               of
               it
               shoot
               in
               squares
               or
               angles
               ,
               or
               lumps
               ,
               it
               is
               mixt
               ,
               and
               unfit
               either
               for
               Medicine
               or
               Gunpowder
               .
               The
               common
               Salt-peeter
               being
               prepared
               and
               cleansed
               with
               ashes
               ,
               hath
               commonly
               much
               of
               the
               salt
               of
               the
               ashes
               mixt
               with
               it
               in
               the
               liquors
               ,
               which
               being
               brought
               to
               shoot
               ,
               will
               settle
               first
               upon
               the
               wood
               in
               squares
               ,
               (
               
                 in
                 tesseras
              
               )
               and
               then
               the
               Salt-peeter
               will
               shoot
               upon
               it
               in
               needles
               .
               These
               needles
               are
               good
               Salt-peeter
               ,
               but
               the
               squares
               are
               other
               salt
               ,
               and
               weaken
               the
               Saltpeeter
               in
               his
               operation
               ;
               the
               like
               you
               may
               judge
               of
               other
               concrete
               juyces
               .
               There
               are
               also
               certain
               stones
               which
               we
               call
               fluores
               ,
               which
               do
               naturally
               shoot
               in
               divers
               forms
               :
               as
               Christal
               into
               fix
               squares
               (
               
                 in
                 sexagulos
              
               .
               )
               Sparr
               ,
               which
               the
               Dutch
               call
               Sput
               or
               Querts
               ,
               shoots
               into
               points
               like
               Diamonds
               ,
               as
               we
               see
               in
               those
               Cornish
               or
               Bristol-stones
               :
               Osteocolla
               found
               by
               Darmstadt
               ,
               in
               the
               Palatinat
               ,
               like
               bones
               :
               others
               like
               Oyster
               or
               Muscle-shells
               ,
               &c.
               
               The
               reason
               of
               this
               several
               shooting
               in
               concrete
               juyces
               and
               other
               minerals
               ,
               is
               hard
               to
               give
               .
               For
               if
               it
               did
               lye
               in
               the
               thinness
               or
               thickness
               ,
               or
               clamminess
               of
               the
               matter
               whereof
               they
               were
               made
               ,
               that
               difference
               were
               taken
               away
               when
               divers
               sorts
               are
               dissolved
               together
               in
               the
               same
               water
               ,
               
               for
               one
               would
               qualifie
               the
               other
               .
               But
               we
               find
               that
               this
               mixt
               water
               will
               yield
               his
               several
               salts
               distinctly
               ,
               and
               all
               at
               once
               .
               So
               that
               it
               seems
               ,
               for
               the
               ornament
               of
               the
               universe
               ,
               that
               nature
               hath
               so
               distinguished
               these
               species
               ,
               as
               it
               doth
               plants
               ;
               among
               which
               some
               have
               thick
               leaves
               ,
               some
               thin
               ,
               some
               long
               ,
               round
               ,
               jagged
               ,
               &c.
               some
               have
               bulbous-root●
               ,
               some
               long
               ,
               stringy
               ,
               &c.
               
               So
               in
               their
               flowers
               ,
               fruits
               ,
               colours
               ,
               smells
               ,
               &c.
               every
               kind
               hath
               his
               own
               fashion
               .
               The
               reason
               hereof
               Scaliger
               saith
               cannot
               be
               drawn
               from
               the
               Elements
               ,
               nor
               from
               the
               thinness
               ,
               thickness
               ,
               clammíness
               ,
               heat
               ,
               cold
               ,
               dryness
               ,
               moysture
               ,
               plenty
               ,
               scarsity
               ,
               &c.
               of
               the
               matter
               but
               only
               from
               the
               form
               ,
               anima
               ,
               seed
               ,
               &c.
               which
               frames
               every
               species
               to
               his
               own
               figure
               ,
               order
               number
               ,
               quantity
               ,
               colour
               ,
               taste
               ,
               smell
               ,
               &c.
               according
               to
               the
               science
               ,
               as
               Severinus
               terms
               it
               which
               every
               seed
               hath
               of
               his
               own
               form
               .
               
               So
               als●
               it
               is
               in
               minerals
               ,
               which
               have
               their
               several
               and
               di●stinct
               species
               in
               nature
               ,
               and
               their
               seeds
               to
               maintain
               and
               perpetuate
               the
               Species
               .
               Now
               that
               thes●
               concrete
               juyces
               are
               not
               bred
               commonly
               in
               thes●
               forms
               in
               the
               earth
               ,
               the
               reason
               may
               be
               ,
               either
               because
               they
               are
               often
               intermixt
               with
               other
               minerals
               in
               their
               generation
               ,
               or
               that
               their
               matter
               being
               plentiful
               ,
               and
               room
               scanty
               ,
               they
               have
               n●
               scope
               to
               display
               themselves
               in
               their
               proper
               forms
               or
               perhaps
               they
               want
               water
               to
               dissolve
               then
               .
               But
               by
               artificial
               preparations
               ,
               we
               find
               these
               d●stinctions
               :
               in
               which
               it
               is
               doubtful
               whether
               hot
               or
               cold
               ,
               or
               dryness
               ,
               do
               procure
               this
               shooting
               ●
               roching
               in
               concrete
               juyces
               ,
               and
               whether
               the
               sam●
               causes
               procure
               it
               in
               all
               .
               For
               dryness
               it
               is
               certain
               that
               as
               moysture
               dissolves
               them
               ,
               so
               dryness
               co●geals
               
               them
               ;
               but
               dryness
               being
               a
               passive
               quality
               ,
               is
               ,
               not
               sufficient
               ;
               it
               must
               be
               the
               action
               either
               of
               heat
               or
               cold
               ,
               or
               both
               ;
               and
               the
               right
               ordering
               of
               these
               will
               open
               a
               door
               to
               the
               artifice
               of
               Bay-Salt
               ,
               here
               in
               England
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               in
               France
               or
               Spain
               ,
               or
               the
               Isle
               of
               Mayo
               .
               Among
               these
               concrete
               juices
               ,
               Agricola
               reckons
               Sulphur
               ,
               Bitumen
               ,
               Auripigmentum
               ,
               Sandaracha
               ,
               Chusocola
               ,
               AErugo
               ,
               Myfi
               ,
               Sori
               ,
               Melanteria
               ,
               &c.
               
               
               But
               if
               we
               examine
               ,
               them
               aright
               ,
               we
               shall
               find
               ,
               that
               either
               they
               are
               not
               dissoluble
               in
               water
               as
               concrete
               juices
               should
               be
               ,
               or
               they
               are
               some
               of
               those
               juices
               tincted
               or
               incorporated
               with
               other
               minerals
               .
               All
               these
               mineral
               juices
               are
               accounted
               hot
               and
               dry
               ,
               and
               astringent
               ,
               and
               detergent
               ,
               some
               more
               ,
               some
               less
               ;
               and
               we
               take
               it
               so
               upon
               trust
               .
               But
               this
               point
               requires
               further
               consideration
               and
               distinction
               .
            
             
               Salt
               is
               a
               fixed
               substance
               ,
               not
               volatile
               in
               the
               fire
               ,
               astringent
               ,
               detergent
               ,
               purging
               ,
               dispersing
               ,
               repelling
               ,
               attenuating
               ,
               makes
               an
               escar
               ,
               and
               preserves
               from
               putrifaction
               ,
               as
               Dioscorides
               informs
               us
               ,
               and
               Galen
               confirms
               the
               same
               ,
               adding
               that
               it
               is
               hot
               .
               
               
               But
               we
               must
               understand
               Galen
               with
               his
               limitation
               ,
               lib.
               6.
               cap.
               30.
               
               That
               the
               more
               it
               is
               detersory
               ,
               the
               less
               it
               is
               astringent
               .
               And
               all
               astringent
               things
               are
               cold
               ,
               as
               he
               avoucheth
               ,
               lib.
               4.
               cap.
               6.
               
               
                 Acida
                 ,
                 acerba
                 ,
                 &
                 astringen●ia
                 omnia
                 frigida
                 .
              
               Now
               if
               Salt
               be
               astringent
               ,
               it
               must
               be
               cold
               by
               Galens
               own
               rule
               ,
               and
               it
               is
               not
               enough
               to
               say
               it
               hath
               warm
               parts
               in
               it
               ,
               but
               being
               an
               uniform
               substance
               ,
               we
               must
               determine
               of
               it
               expredominio
               .
               Also
               
                 Galen
                 lib.
              
               1.
               
               
                 Sympt
                 .
                 cap.
              
               4.
               comparing
               pure
               water
               with
               sea
               water
               ,
               
               seems
               to
               affirm
               that
               sea
               waters
               ,
               before
               it
               have
               received
               any
               great
               adventitious
               cold
               ,
               may
               cool
               our
               bodies
               .
               And
               so
               this
               place
               is
               understood
               by
               
                 Anthonius
                 Maria
                 Venustus
                 in
                 consilio
                 pro
                 Petro
                 picardo
                 .
              
               The
               repelling
               quality
               ,
               and
               the
               making
               an
               escar
               ,
               and
               the
               preserving
               from
               putrifaction
               ,
               are
               arguments
               of
               driness
               ,
               and
               not
               of
               heat
               .
               For
               as
               heat
               and
               moisture
               are
               principal
               agents
               in
               generation
               and
               corruption
               ;
               so
               cold
               and
               driness
               in
               preservation
               .
               Also
               I
               should
               impute
               the
               purgative
               and
               detersory
               qualities
               in
               Salt
               rather
               to
               the
               tenuity
               of
               parts
               ,
               and
               the
               stimulation
               which
               i●
               hath
               from
               thence
               ,
               then
               to
               any
               heat
               ;
               for
               then
               〈◊〉
               Sennertus
               faith
               ,
               all
               hot
               things
               should
               purge
               ;
               
                 Instit
                 .
                 lil
              
               .
               5.
               part
               .
               1.
               cap.
               11.
               
               
                 Vuleriala
                 in
                 G●●
                 de
                 constit
                 ,
                 artis
                 pag.
              
               447.
               
               And
               
                 Mesne
                 Can●
                 universal
                 .
                 cap.
              
               1.
               rejects
               all
               elementary
               qualities
               ,
               temperaments
               ,
               similitudes
               ,
               or
               contrarietio●
               of
               substances
               ,
               &c.
               in
               purging
               thedicines
               .
               All
               Tamarinds
               ,
               Myrabolans
               ,
               and
               Antimony
               〈◊〉
               purge
               ,
               and
               yet
               are
               cold
               ,
               
                 Venustus
                 ,
                 pag.
              
               13●
               But
               the
               purgative
               faculty
               of
               Medicines
               is
               fro●
               stimulation
               of
               the
               expulsive
               faculty
               of
               the
               stomach
               and
               guts
               ,
               and
               not
               from
               attraction
               b●
               heat
               of
               peculiar
               humours
               ,
               as
               hath
               been
               imagined
               .
               Heat
               may
               serve
               as
               an
               instrument
               to
               actu●
               stimulation
               ,
               as
               cold
               doth
               dull
               and
               benumb
               〈◊〉
               faculties
               ,
               but
               neither
               heat
               nor
               cold
               are
               principal
               agents
               in
               this
               work
               .
               And
               whereas
               Rhub●
               is
               thought
               to
               purge
               choller
               only
               ,
               Sena
               and
               Polipody
               melancholy
               ,
               Agarick
               flegme
               ,
               &c.
               because
               we
               see
               the
               excrements
               tincted
               with
               the
               same
               colours
               ,
               it
               is
               a
               deceit
               ;
               for
               these
               purgation
               do
               colour
               humours
               in
               that
               manner
               .
               Yet
               I
               do
               
               not
               deny
               a
               distinction
               to
               be
               made
               of
               Purgations
               in
               other
               respects
               .
               And
               our
               antient
               Physitians
               through
               long
               experience
               have
               found
               out
               the
               right
               use
               of
               purging
               medicines
               ,
               and
               their
               true
               distinctions
               for
               several
               uses
               for
               mens
               bodies
               :
               as
               that
               some
               do
               purge
               gross
               humours
               ,
               and
               some
               thin
               ,
               some
               are
               strong
               ,
               and
               some
               weak
               :
               some
               are
               comfortable
               to
               the
               Stomach
               ,
               or
               Liver
               ,
               or
               Spleen
               ,
               &c.
               and
               some
               hurtfull
               to
               some
               of
               those
               parts
               :
               some
               are
               too
               hot
               in
               some
               cases
               ,
               and
               some
               temperate
               ,
               &c.
               but
               they
               have
               not
               discovered
               the
               true
               cause
               of
               this
               purging
               quality
               :
               some
               attributing
               it
               to
               a
               celestial
               influence
               ,
               some
               to
               a
               hidden
               quality
               ,
               which
               is
               as
               much
               as
               if
               they
               bad
               said
               nothing
               :
               some
               to
               a
               Sympathy
               ,
               Antipathy
               ,
               &c.
               
               For
               my
               part
               I
               hold
               the
               purgative
               quality
               of
               mixt
               bodies
               to
               lie
               principally
               in
               the
               terrestrial
               part
               of
               them
               ,
               which
               is
               their
               Salt
               :
               and
               therefore
               the
               Chymists
               use
               to
               acuate
               their
               purging
               extracts
               with
               their
               proper
               Salts
               .
               It
               were
               much
               better
               if
               they
               could
               make
               their
               Salts
               without
               calcination
               ;
               for
               then
               they
               should
               retain
               the
               taste
               of
               the
               Simples
               ,
               which
               lyeth
               in
               the
               Salt
               ,
               and
               much
               other
               virtue
               which
               the
               fire
               consumes
               in
               calcination
               .
               
               It
               were
               a
               delicate
               thing
               to
               have
               all
               our
               vegetable
               salts
               to
               retain
               the
               taste
               of
               the
               herbs
               and
               simples
               ,
               from
               whence
               they
               are
               drawn
               :
               as
               of
               Wormwood
               ,
               bitter
               ;
               of
               Sorel
               ,
               sour
               ;
               of
               Licoris
               ,
               sweet
               ,
               &c.
               
               There
               are
               in
               mine
               opinion
               ,
               three
               several
               wayes
               for
               it
               ,
               although
               they
               be
               laborious
               .
               The
               one
               is
               by
               precipitation
               ,
               when
               the
               juice
               or
               strong
               decoction
               of
               any
               simple
               is
               precipitated
               by
               the
               addition
               of
               some
               appropriate
               liquor
               which
               will
               strike
               down
               all
               other
               parts
               in
               the
               juice
               or
               decoction
               ;
               
               but
               the
               Salt
               which
               is
               in
               it
               will
               not
               easily
               precipitate
               ,
               but
               will
               remain
               in
               the
               liquor
               ,
               and
               must
               be
               severed
               either
               by
               evaporation
               ,
               or
               by
               roching
               .
               But
               in
               this
               work
               we
               must
               make
               choice
               of
               such
               a
               precipitator
               ,
               as
               may
               not
               infect
               our
               Salt
               with
               any
               strange
               quality
               .
               
               Another
               way
               it
               to
               make
               an
               extract
               of
               the
               simple
               which
               we
               desire
               to
               work
               upon
               ,
               and
               when
               we
               have
               made
               it
               so
               dry
               as
               it
               will
               be
               powdred
               ,
               then
               pour
               upon
               it
               pure
               spirit
               of
               Wine
               ,
               which
               will
               dissolve
               no
               Salt
               ,
               if
               it
               be
               without
               flegme
               .
               By
               this
               means
               throngh
               often
               repetitions
               of
               new
               infusions
               ,
               untill
               the
               extract
               will
               yield
               no
               more
               tincture
               unto
               the
               spirit
               of
               Wine
               ,
               you
               shall
               find
               the
               Salt
               in
               the
               bottome
               ,
               as
               a
               substance
               which
               the
               Spirit
               of
               Wine
               will
               not
               work
               upon
               ,
               nor
               dissolve
               .
               
               A
               third
               way
               ,
               as
               I
               conceive
               ,
               may
               be
               in
               manner
               of
               the
               working
               of
               Salt-Peeter
               ,
               by
               putrifying
               great
               quantities
               o●
               the
               herbs
               ,
               untill
               they
               become
               earth
               :
               and
               the●
               by
               infusions
               with
               water
               ,
               to
               extract
               the
               Salt
               ,
               which
               will
               not
               putrifie
               with
               the
               herb
               ,
               but
               will
               remain
               in
               the
               earth
               .
               The
               second
               course
               I
               have
               tryed
               ,
               the
               other
               wayes
               are
               very
               probable
               .
               In
               these
               salts
               do
               lie
               the
               chief
               virtues
               of
               many
               simples
               either
               for
               purging
               by
               stool
               ,
               or
               urine
               ,
               or
               for
               cleansing
               ,
               cooling
               ,
               drying
               ,
               stimulating
               ,
               opening
               o●
               obstructions
               ,
               attenuating
               of
               gross
               humours
               ,
               astriction
               ,
               corroboration
               ,
               &c.
               according
               to
               the
               nature
               of
               the
               simples
               :
               whereas
               the
               other
               Salt
               which
               are
               made
               by
               calcination
               ,
               have
               lost
               these
               virtues
               by
               the
               violence
               of
               fire
               ,
               and
               cannot
               be
               distinguished
               the
               one
               from
               the
               other
               .
            
             
               
               Nitre
               is
               a
               volatile
               substance
               which
               doth
               dry
               
               and
               attenuate
               more
               then
               Salt
               ,
               and
               although
               it
               hath
               not
               so
               much
               astriction
               as
               Salt
               is
               said
               to
               have
               ,
               yet
               it
               seems
               to
               cool
               more
               then
               Salt
               ,
               perhaps
               because
               it
               is
               of
               thinner
               parts
               ,
               and
               penetrates
               more
               ,
               and
               that
               is
               the
               reason
               that
               it
               serves
               better
               for
               the
               dissolution
               of
               Metals
               .
               In
               Physick
               we
               find
               our
               
                 Sal
                 Nitrum
              
               (
               which
               is
               a
               kind
               of
               it
               )
               to
               cool
               the
               body
               mightily
               ,
               and
               therefore
               used
               in
               Juleps
               .
               These
               Nitres
               also
               are
               apt
               to
               move
               sweat
               ,
               especially
               those
               that
               are
               drawn
               artificially
               from
               mixed
               bodies
               ,
               as
               from
               Boles
               ,
               Cordial
               Herbs
               ,
               Bones
               ,
               Horns
               ,
               Teeth
               ,
               Claws
               ,
               Hoofs
               ,
               &c.
               which
               are
               drawn
               by
               sublimation
               .
               And
               these
               parts
               of
               Animals
               are
               found
               to
               be
               very
               soveraign
               against
               venome
               and
               maligne
               humours
               .
               The
               reason
               of
               it
               I
               take
               to
               be
               ,
               not
               only
               the
               drying
               quality
               they
               have
               ,
               whereby
               they
               resist
               corruption
               of
               humours
               ,
               but
               also
               &
               principally
               by
               reason
               of
               their
               volatile
               Salt
               or
               Nitre
               ,
               whereby
               they
               move
               sweat
               ,
               and
               expell
               from
               the
               center
               of
               the
               body
               .
               For
               all
               their
               Salt
               is
               volatile
               ,
               as
               may
               appear
               by
               this
               ,
               that
               you
               can
               never
               make
               any
               lixivium
               ,
               out
               of
               any
               of
               these
               animal
               Medicines
               ,
               by
               calcination
               ,
               as
               you
               do
               out
               of
               vegetables
               ;
               their
               Salt
               being
               altogether
               evaporated
               by
               the
               fire
               .
               This
               volatile
               salt
               being
               taken
               into
               our
               bodies
               ,
               and
               actuated
               by
               our
               natural
               heat
               ,
               is
               commonly
               very
               Diaphoretick
               :
               and
               this
               is
               it
               which
               makes
               our
               Bezoar
               Stones
               ,
               
                 Contrae-yerva
                 ,
                 Ungula
                 del
                 Bado
              
               ,
               and
               supposed
               Unicorns
               Horn
               to
               be
               in
               such
               esteem
               .
            
             
               
                 SAl
                 Ammoniacum
              
               ,
               is
               also
               a
               kind
               of
               Nitre
               ,
               and
               volatile
               ,
               and
               so
               is
               Borax
               and
               Altincar
               :
               but
               these
               are
               commonly
               mixed
               with
               
                 Sal
                 Alcali
              
               ,
               and
               Urin
               or
               Vinegar
               ,
               and
               so
               made
               more
               fix
               .
               
               There
               is
               
               also
               a
               natural
               
                 Fix
                 Borax
              
               found
               in
               the
               Isle
               of
               Lamlay
               neer
               Dublin
               in
               Ireland
               ,
               which
               perhaps
               the
               Sea
               water
               hath
               fixt
               .
               Allum
               and
               Vitriol
               are
               much
               alike
               ,
               but
               that
               Vitriol
               hath
               a
               garb
               from
               Copper
               or
               Iron
               .
               These
               are
               very
               astringent
               ,
               and
               without
               doubt
               cold
               ,
               whatsoever
               hath
               been
               held
               of
               them
               .
               The
               waters
               or
               slegms
               distilled
               from
               them
               ,
               do
               exceedingly
               cool
               in
               Juleps
               ,
               as
               Quercitan
               and
               
                 Claudius
                 Dariot
              
               ,
               have
               observed
               ,
               and
               we
               also
               by
               daily
               experience
               do
               find
               true
               ;
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               intense
               acidity
               they
               have
               ,
               being
               distilled
               from
               their
               Terrestrial
               parts
               .
               
               Also
               those
               Acidula
               which
               the
               Germans
               call
               Saurbrun
               ,
               proceeding
               from
               these
               Juices
               ,
               are
               much
               used
               to
               quench
               the
               heat
               of
               fevers
               .
               It
               may
               be
               objected
               ,
               that
               they
               are
               corrosives
               ,
               and
               will
               eat
               into
               metal
               ,
               and
               therefore
               must
               be
               hot
               .
               But
               by
               the
               same
               reason
               ,
               the
               Juices
               of
               Lemons
               ,
               Barberries
               ,
               Howsleek
               ,
               &c.
               should
               be
               hot
               ,
               for
               they
               will
               carve
               Iron
               .
               To
               bite
               and
               eat
               as
               a
               Corrosive
               ,
               are
               not
               arguments
               of
               heat
               ,
               but
               of
               piercing
               .
               
               Wherefore
               Hypocrates
               saith
               ,
               
                 Frigus
                 ulceribus
                 mordax
              
               ,
               Cold
               bites
               Ulcers
               ;
               and
               
                 frigus
                 est
                 principium
                 destructivum
                 ,
                 ut
                 calor
                 generativum
              
               ;
               Cold
               is
               a
               destructive
               principle
               ,
               and
               Heat
               a
               generative
               .
               And
               therefore
               it
               is
               more
               probable
               that
               these
               corrosives
               are
               more
               cold
               then
               hot
               .
               These
               two
               mineral
               juices
               are
               not
               so
               readily
               dissolved
               in
               water
               ,
               as
               the
               other
               two
               ,
               and
               wil
               be
               more
               easily
               precipitated
               by
               any
               opposite
               substance
               that
               is
               more
               familiar
               to
               water
               .
               I
               omit
               the
               several
               sorts
               or
               these
               concrete
               juices
               and
               their
               admixtures
               with
               other
               minerals
               ,
               as
               impertinent
               to
               my
               purpose
               :
               wherefore
               I
               will
               shew
               some
               examples
               of
               each
               of
               them
               in
               natural
               Springs
               .
            
             
             
               For
               salt
               Springs
               ,
               
                 Josephus
                 Acosta
              
               tells
               us
               of
               a
               rare
               Spring
               at
               a
               Farm
               neer
               Cusco
               in
               Peru
               ,
               which
               as
               it
               runs
               ,
               turns
               into
               very
               white
               Salt
               ,
               without
               any
               fire
               or
               art
               ,
               in
               great
               abundance
               .
               
               In
               Germany
               are
               many
               salt
               Fountains
               ,
               at
               
                 Luneburg
                 ,
                 Stafford
                 ,
                 Salt
                 ●burgh
                 ,
                 Aldondorf
                 ,
                 Halstat
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               In
               Italy
               ,
               in
               
                 agro
                 Volaterano
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
                 In
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 at
                 Solinantia
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 salt
                 Well
                 which
                 is
                 hot
                 ;
                 and
                 so
                 are
                 the
                 Pegasaei
                 Fontes
              
               in
               Caria
               .
               Also
               the
               Fountain
               by
               Medon
               in
               Traesen
               is
               both
               salt
               and
               hot
               .
               Our
               Wiches
               in
               Cheshire
               are
               well
               known
               .
               There
               are
               also
               Rivers
               of
               salt
               water
               by
               the
               Caspian
               Streights
               ,
               and
               in
               Spain
               ,
               and
               Caria
               ,
               and
               in
               
                 Bactria
                 ,
                 Ochus
              
               and
               Oxus
               .
               Also
               there
               are
               salt
               Lakes
               ,
               as
               the
               Terentine
               Lake
               in
               Italy
               ?
               the
               Lake
               between
               Strapela
               and
               Seburgh
               (
               mentioned
               before
               )
               in
               Germany
               ,
               three
               Lakes
               in
               Sicily
               ,
               and
               besides
               an
               infinite
               number
               in
               other
               Countreys
               ,
               the
               Lake
               of
               Lakes
               ,
               the
               Sea.
               All
               which
               receive
               their
               saltness
               from
               Mines
               of
               Salt
               in
               the
               Earth
               ,
               which
               are
               very
               frequent
               and
               huge
               in
               bigness
               ,
               as
               may
               appear
               by
               the
               Rocks
               of
               Salt
               in
               Bohemi●
               ,
               in
               
                 Monte
                 Carpato
              
               ,
               in
               Polonia
               ,
               within
               two
               miles
               of
               Cracovia
               ,
               in
               Helvetia
               ,
               and
               Rhetia
               ,
               where
               they
               have
               no
               other
               Salt
               but
               from
               the
               Rock
               .
               As
               also
               by
               the
               Caspian
               Streights
               ,
               are
               great
               Rocks
               of
               Salt.
               But
               
                 Marous
                 Paulus
                 Venetus
              
               ,
               tells
               us
               of
               a
               Rock
               or
               Mountain
               of
               Salt
               in
               Thaican
               ,
               able
               to
               furnish
               all
               the
               world
               with
               Salt.
               
               So
               that
               it
               is
               no
               marvail
               that
               the
               Sea
               is
               salt
               ,
               seeing
               it
               pierceth
               into
               the
               bowels
               of
               the
               earth
               ,
               and
               discovereth
               many
               great
               Rocks
               of
               Salt
               which
               dissolve
               in
               it
               .
               
               And
               this
               is
               the
               true
               cause
               of
               the
               saltness
               of
               the
               Sea.
               The
               
               other
               causes
               alledged
               for
               it
               ,
               are
               very
               improbable
               .
               For
               whereas
               Aristotle
               and
               his
               followers
               attribute
               the
               saltness
               of
               the
               Sea
               ,
               to
               the
               evaporation
               of
               the
               fresh
               and
               sweet
               parts
               of
               the
               water
               ,
               by
               the
               Sun
               ,
               and
               to
               an
               adustion
               procured
               also
               thereby
               :
               I
               answer
               ,
               that
               neither
               the
               one
               nor
               the
               other
               can
               breed
               a
               substance
               in
               the
               water
               ,
               which
               was
               not
               there
               before
               .
               For
               qualities
               can
               breed
               no
               substance
               ,
               and
               adustion
               is
               but
               a
               quality
               imprinted
               ,
               and
               no
               substance
               .
               Neither
               can
               evaporation
               breed
               any
               ,
               but
               only
               discover
               that
               which
               was
               in
               it
               before
               ,
               by
               taking
               away
               the
               thin
               parts
               ,
               and
               leaving
               the
               terrestrial
               behind
               .
               
               But
               we
               see
               the
               Sea
               water
               to
               contain
               in
               it
               the
               substance
               of
               Salt
               ,
               and
               most
               of
               the
               Salt
               which
               we
               use
               is
               made
               of
               Sea
               water
               and
               no
               man
               will
               deny
               that
               this
               Salt
               is
               differing
               from
               water
               in
               his
               substance
               and
               generation
               ,
               being
               a
               distinct
               species
               in
               it self
               .
               And
               whereas
               they
               alledge
               for
               confirmation
               of
               their
               opinion
               ,
               that
               under
               the
               torrid
               Zone
               ,
               the
               Sea
               is
               more
               salt
               then
               in
               other
               parts
               ,
               the
               Sun
               exhaling
               more
               there
               ,
               and
               making
               a
               greater
               adustion
               ;
               I
               doubt
               it
               ,
               both
               for
               the
               large
               &
               plentiful
               Rivers
               which
               those
               parts
               afford
               ,
               beyond
               any
               other
               parts
               of
               the
               world
               ,
               and
               also
               for
               that
               the
               Sea
               water
               there
               is
               not
               hot
               ,
               neither
               are
               the
               beams
               of
               the
               Sun
               so
               hot
               ,
               but
               that
               men
               do
               endure
               them
               :
               and
               therefore
               not
               likely
               to
               breed
               an
               adustion
               in
               the
               Sea
               water
               ,
               which
               must
               first
               be
               hot
               ,
               before
               it
               be
               adusted
               .
               Also
               it
               may
               be
               that
               those
               parts
               do
               abound
               in
               Rocks
               of
               Salt
               ,
               as
               we
               read
               of
               people
               in
               Africa
               ,
               called
               Ammantes
               ,
               who
               make
               them
               Houses
               of
               Rock-Salt
               ,
               and
               Castles
               ,
               as
               that
               in
               
                 Sin●
                 Geraico
              
               ,
               which
               is
               five
               miles
               in
               compass
               ,
               and
               all
               of
               Salt
               :
               also
               
               the
               Mountain
               Oromenus
               in
               India
               is
               all
               of
               Salt.
               Moreover
               if
               the
               Sun
               be
               able
               to
               do
               this
               in
               the
               Sea
               ,
               which
               is
               alwayes
               in
               motion
               ,
               whereby
               it
               eludes
               the
               force
               of
               the
               beams
               ;
               why
               should
               it
               not
               do
               the
               like
               ,
               and
               much
               more
               in
               standing
               Lakes
               ,
               as
               the
               Lemanus
               and
               such
               like
               ?
               They
               answer
               that
               Lakes
               are
               continually
               supplyed
               and
               fed
               with
               fresh
               water
               from
               Springs
               .
               But
               so
               is
               the
               Sea
               continually
               fed
               with
               fresh
               water
               ,
               and
               in
               as
               large
               a
               proportion
               ,
               
                 caeteris
                 paribus
              
               ,
               as
               Lakes
               are
               .
               For
               as
               the
               Sea
               is
               not
               increased
               by
               the
               influx
               of
               fresh
               waters
               ,
               no
               more
               are
               divers
               Lakes
               ,
               but
               keep
               the
               same
               fulness
               ,
               and
               sometimes
               are
               lessened
               .
               And
               whereas
               they
               say
               that
               the
               upper
               part
               of
               the
               Sea
               is
               more
               salt
               then
               the
               botome
               ,
               they
               speak
               against
               all
               reason
               ,
               salt
               being
               heavier
               then
               water
               ,
               and
               against
               experience
               ,
               as
               I
               have
               shewed
               in
               the
               former
               Chapter
               .
               Also
               Aristotle
               in
               some
               places
               confesseth
               it
               .
               
               But
               if
               any
               man
               will
               take
               the
               pains
               to
               vapour
               away
               100.
               
               Tun
               if
               he
               will
               of
               fresh
               water
               ,
               I
               do
               assure
               my self
               he
               will
               not
               find
               one
               grain
               of
               salt
               at
               the
               bottome
               ,
               if
               it
               were
               not
               in
               the
               water
               before
               .
               This
               may
               be
               tryed
               also
               in
               any
               distilled
               water
               ,
               which
               we
               are
               sure
               can
               have
               no
               Salt
               in
               it
               ,
               (
               for
               Salt
               will
               not
               arise
               in
               distillation
               )
               and
               is
               as
               apt
               to
               yield
               Salt
               as
               any
               other
               water
               ,
               if
               adustion
               or
               evaporation
               would
               breed
               it
               .
               Wherefore
               the
               saltness
               of
               the
               Sea
               is
               not
               from
               evaporation
               or
               adustion
               ,
               but
               must
               needs
               proceed
               from
               Rocks
               of
               Salt
               in
               the
               Earth
               ,
               which
               the
               Sea
               doth
               ,
               wash
               ,
               and
               dissolve
               much
               of
               it
               .
               And
               considering
               the
               great
               use
               of
               Salt
               ,
               both
               for
               other
               uses
               ,
               and
               for
               Generations
               ,
               Nature
               hath
               provided
               enough
               of
               it
               ,
               especially
               in
               the
               Sea
               ,
               which
               is
               more
               fruitful
               in
               that
               respect
               ,
               
               the
               Land.
               Wherefore
               Venus
               was
               called
               A
               
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
              
               :
               
                 Est
                 Venus
                 orta
                 Mari.
              
               
            
             
               Nitre
               is
               seldome
               found
               in
               Bathes
               alone
               ,
               but
               mixt
               with
               other
               minerals
               ,
               which
               it
               dissolves
               ,
               and
               infects
               the
               water
               withall
               .
               
               Yet
               we
               read
               of
               a
               Nitrous
               Lake
               called
               Letis
               ,
               neer
               Cālestria
               in
               Macedonia
               ,
               where
               they
               use
               to
               make
               Nitre
               ,
               and
               vent
               it
               to
               all
               parts
               .
               So
               they
               do
               at
               the
               Nitrarit
               in
               Egypt
               .
               Also
               the
               Lake
               Arethus●
               in
               Armeniae
               ,
               is
               full
               of
               Nitre
               .
               At
               Menis
               in
               Phrygia
               is
               a
               Spring
               of
               Nitrous
               water
               which
               is
               hot
               :
               Also
               in
               Leonte
               is
               a
               hot
               Nitrous
               Spring
               .
               
               Bellonius
               makes
               mention
               of
               a
               Nitrous
               Fountain
               neer
               Belba
               ,
               and
               of
               abundance
               of
               Nitre
               upon
               a
               Plain
               neer
               thereunto
               ,
               which
               seems
               to
               be
               that
               which
               Pliny
               calls
               Halmariga
               .
               But
               he
               denieth
               that
               there
               is
               any
               Mine
               of
               Nitre
               under
               the
               earth
               ,
               but
               that
               all
               i●
               bred
               out
               of
               the
               soyle
               as
               an
               Efftorescens
               of
               the
               earth
               :
               Baccius
               saith
               the
               same
               of
               Salt-peeter
               .
               
               Agricola
               saith
               ,
               that
               as
               the
               true
               Nitre
               is
               gathered
               upon
               the
               Plains
               of
               Media
               above
               the
               earth
               ,
               so
               is
               Salt-peeter
               found
               above
               the
               earth
               in
               many
               places
               of
               Saxony
               :
               That
               Nitre
               is
               gathered
               upon
               the
               Plains
               of
               Media
               ,
               are
               Plinies
               own
               words
               .
               
               
                 Exiguum
                 fit
                 apud
                 Medos
                 canescentibus
                 s●scitate
                 convallibus
              
               ;
               There
               is
               a
               little
               to
               be
               found
               among
               the
               Medes
               ,
               where
               the
               Valleys
               are
               white
               with
               Drought
               .
               So
               that
               it
               seemeth
               ,
               his
               opinion
               was
               ,
               that
               Nitre
               is
               not
               bred
               in
               a
               Mine
               under
               the
               earth
               ,
               as
               Gesner
               also
               saith
               ,
               
                 Epist
                 .
                 lib.
              
               3.
               pag.
               134.
               but
               in
               the
               earth
               it self
               ,
               as
               the
               chief
               fatness
               it
               hath
               to
               further
               generations
               .
               And
               seeing
               earth
               is
               the
               mother
               of
               all
               terrestrial
               bodies
               ,
               it
               is
               not
               left
               unfurnished
               with
               those
               mineral
               juices
               ,
               nor
               ought
               
               else
               that
               is
               requisite
               for
               the
               production
               of
               Species
               :
               It
               hath
               been
               observed
               by
               some
               ,
               that
               Nitrous
               water
               is
               the
               best
               soyle
               for
               ground
               ,
               and
               brings
               all
               Plants
               to
               perfection
               far
               sooner
               then
               any
               other
               dung
               ,
               and
               therefore
               the
               Egyptians
               water
               their
               Coleworts
               with
               Nitrous
               water
               ,
               
                 
                   Nitrosa
                   viridis
                   brassica
                   fiet
                   aqua
                   .
                   
                
              
               
                 
                   If
                   you
                   a
                   Colewort
                   green
                   would
                   see
                   ,
                
                 
                   Then
                   let
                   your
                   water
                   Nitrous
                   be
                   .
                
              
            
             
               Our
               Salt-peeter
               men
               do
               find
               ,
               that
               ●any
               fat
               earth
               be
               covered
               from
               Rain
               and
               Sun
               ,
               so
               as
               it
               spendeth
               not
               his
               strength
               in
               producing
               of
               Herbs
               or
               Grass
               ,
               it
               will
               breed
               plenty
               of
               Salt-peeter
               ,
               otherwise
               it
               will
               yield
               none
               .
               The
               difference
               between
               Salt-peeter
               ,
               and
               the
               antient
               Nitre
               ,
               appears
               in
               this
               ,
               that
               a
               pound
               of
               Nitre
               being
               burnt
               ,
               will
               leave
               four
               ounces
               of
               ashes
               ;
               Salt-peeter
               will
               leave
               none
               .
               Salt-peeter
               is
               actually
               so
               cold
               ,
               as
               being
               dissolved
               in
               water
               ,
               it
               is
               used
               in
               Rome
               and
               Naples
               to
               cool
               their
               Wine
               ,
               and
               doth
               it
               as
               well
               as
               Ice
               or
               Snow
               .
               Also
               we
               use
               it
               inwardly
               in
               cooling
               Juleps
               ,
               and
               therefore
               it
               seems
               also
               to
               be
               potentially
               cold
               ,
               as
               Bellonius
               judgeth
               .
            
             
               Now
               I
               come
               to
               Allum
               (
               
                 Indignum
                 vix
                 ipsa
                 jubet
                 renovare
                 dolorem
              
               )
               the
               greatest
               debtor
               I
               have
               ,
               and
               I
               the
               best
               benefactor
               to
               it
               ,
               as
               shall
               appear
               when
               I
               shall
               think
               fit
               to
               publish
               the
               Artifice
               thereof
               .
               
               In
               Illua
               ,
               a
               mile
               from
               Rio
               ,
               is
               an
               Allum
               Fountain
               :
               also
               there
               are
               divers
               in
               
                 Agro
                 Senensi
                 ,
                 Volaterano
                 ,
                 Lucensi
                 ,
              
               in
               
                 Italy
                 :
                 Balneum
                 de
                 villa
              
               is
               full
               of
               Allum
               ;
               and
               with
               us
               in
               Shropshire
               
               at
               ●●kenyate
               ,
               are
               Allun
               springs
               ,
               whereof
               the
               Dyers
               of
               Shrewsbury
               make
               use
               instead
               of
               Allum
               .
               As
               for
               Allum
               Mines
               ,
               they
               are
               frequent
               almost
               in
               all
               Countreys
               ,
               but
               the
               chiefest
               that
               are
               wrought
               ,
               are
               at
               Capsylar
               in
               Thracia
               ,
               at
               Telpha
               neer
               
                 Civita
                 Vecchia
              
               in
               Italy
               ,
               at
               Commato●
               by
               Aussig
               in
               Germany
               ,
               and
               With
               us
               in
               York-shire
               .
               In
               Ireland
               there
               have
               been
               allum
               works
               neer
               to
               Armagh
               ,
               as
               Thurneiser
               reports
               :
               also
               at
               Metelia
               in
               Spain
               ,
               at
               Mazaron
               neer
               Carthage
               ,
               at
               
                 Hellespont
                 ,
                 Massa
                 ,
                 Montrond
                 ,
                 Piambin
                 ,
                 Volterra
                 ,
                 Campi●lia
                 ,
              
               &c.
               as
               
                 Beringaccio
                 Sienese
              
               reports
               .
               Also
               there
               are
               divers
               earths
               yielding
               allum
               ,
               as
               at
               Guyder
               in
               Carnarvan-shire
               ,
               at
               Camfurt
               in
               Dorset-shire
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               Isle
               of
               Wight
               .
               
               But
               I
               will
               contract
               my self
               for
               allum
               ,
               and
               come
               to
               Vitriol
               .
            
             
               Vitriol
               ,
               as
               I
               have
               said
               before
               ,
               doth
               participate
               much
               with
               allum
               in
               the
               manner
               of
               shooting
               ●●
               roching
               ,
               which
               is
               
                 in
                 glebas
              
               ,
               in
               the
               hard
               dissolution
               and
               easie
               congelation
               ,
               in
               their
               arising
               in
               bullas
               being
               burnt
               ,
               and
               in
               their
               precipitation
               :
               insomuch
               as
               it
               is
               probable
               that
               the
               basis
               of
               Vitriol
               is
               nothing
               but
               allum
               .
               
               It
               is
               found
               in
               mineral
               waters
               of
               two
               sorts
               .
               
               The
               one
               where
               the
               very
               bod●
               and
               substance
               is
               dissolved
               ;
               as
               in
               Cyprus
               ,
               which
               Galen
               describes
               ,
               where
               the
               water
               is
               green
               :
               also
               at
               Smolnicium
               in
               Hungary
               ,
               in
               
                 Transilvania
                 al●
                 Carpatum
                 montem
              
               ,
               at
               Nensola
               ,
               &
               C.
               In
               which
               places
               Copper
               is
               ordinarily
               made
               out
               of
               Iron
               by
               infusing
               it
               in
               these
               waters
               .
               
               I
               will
               not
               determine
               whether
               this
               be
               transmutation
               of
               one
               species
               into
               another
               ,
               as
               some
               do
               hold
               ,
               or
               rather
               a
               precipitation
               of
               the
               Copper
               which
               was
               formerly
               dissolved
               in
               the
               water
               by
               means
               of
               the
               sharp
               Vitriol
               
               which
               meeting
               with
               Iron
               ,
               corrodes
               it
               ,
               and
               imbibeth
               it
               ,
               rather
               than
               the
               Copper
               ,
               and
               so
               lets
               the
               Copper
               fall
               ,
               and
               imbraceth
               the
               Iron
               in
               place
               of
               it
               .
               We
               daily
               see
               the
               like
               in
               Aqua-sortis
               ,
               which
               having
               imbibed
               one
               metal
               ,
               will
               readily
               embrace
               another
               that
               is
               more
               familiar
               to
               it
               ,
               and
               let
               fall
               the
               first
               .
               So
               Allum
               or
               Copperass-water
               having
               some
               strong
               Lixivium
               of
               Tartar
               or
               other
               calcin'd
               salt
               put
               to
               it
               ,
               the
               Allum
               or
               Copperass
               will
               presently
               salt
               to
               the
               bottom
               ,
               and
               precipitate
               and
               give
               place
               to
               the
               Lixivium
               ,
               as
               a
               thing
               more
               familiar
               to
               water
               ,
               and
               of
               more
               easie
               dissolution
               .
               But
               as
               I
               said
               ,
               I
               will
               not
               determine
               this
               question
               ,
               because
               it
               is
               not
               much
               pertinent
               to
               our
               business
               .
               Yet
               I
               will
               not
               omit
               the
               judgement
               of
               
                 Lazarus
                 Ercker
              
               the
               Emperors
               chief
               Mine-master
               in
               the
               Kingdom
               of
               Behemia
               who
               professeth
               that
               he
               was
               long
               of
               this
               opinion
               ,
               but
               altered
               it
               upon
               this
               reason
               ;
               That
               by
               exact
               proof
               he
               found
               more
               Copper
               stricken
               down
               this
               way
               by
               Iron
               ,
               than
               the
               water
               before
               did
               contain
               ,
               and
               with
               the
               Copper
               some
               Silver
               .
               
               The
               other
               kind
               of
               Vitriol
               water
               is
               ,
               where
               not
               the
               body
               and
               substance
               of
               Vitriol
               is
               dissolved
               ,
               but
               the
               spirit
               or
               vapour
               ,
               or
               quality
               communicated
               to
               the
               water
               :
               of
               this
               sort
               are
               our
               Vitriol
               Baths
               for
               the
               most
               part
               ,
               and
               these
               are
               in
               themselves
               wholsome
               ,
               and
               are
               sour
               ,
               if
               the
               Vitriol
               be
               predominant
               .
               Such
               are
               most
               of
               our
               Acidulae
               ;
               whereof
               we
               have
               many
               in
               
                 Viterbio
                 &
                 Volaterano
                 ,
                 Balneum
                 ad
                 mor●um
                 dictum
                 ,
                 Saurbrun
              
               by
               
                 Franckford
                 ad
                 Oderam
              
               ,
               &c.
               
               There
               are
               sour
               waters
               also
               from
               Allum
               ,
               but
               milder
               :
               also
               from
               Sulphur
               ,
               whose
               spirit
               or
               vapour
               being
               burnt
               ,
               is
               little
               differing
               from
               the
               spirit
               of
               Vitriol
               ,
               but
               somewhat
               fatter
               .
               
               But
               the
               most
               part
               
               of
               our
               Acidulae
               are
               from
               Vitriol
               .
               This
               sour
               spirit
               of
               Allum
               ,
               Vitriol
               or
               Sulphur
               ,
               Libavius
               judgeth
               with
               
                 Thomas
                 Jordanus
              
               to
               be
               ,
               in
               the
               terrestrial
               parts
               of
               these
               minerals
               ,
               because
               it
               goeth
               not
               away
               by
               boyling
               or
               distillation
               ,
               and
               therefore
               to
               be
               communicated
               with
               water
               by
               the
               corporal
               substance
               or
               juyce
               of
               them
               .
               
               But
               that
               holds
               not
               in
               mineral
               spirits
               which
               are
               heavier
               than
               water
               ,
               as
               may
               appear
               by
               evaporation
               of
               any
               water
               made
               sour
               with
               spirit
               of
               Vitriol
               or
               Sulphur
               ,
               where
               after
               long
               evaporation
               ,
               that
               which
               remains
               will
               be
               more
               sour
               than
               before
               evaporation
               .
               So
               it
               is
               also
               in
               Vinegar
               ,
               being
               a
               vegetable
               juyce
               .
               The
               spirit
               of
               wine
               doth
               certainly
               arise
               first
               in
               distillation
               ,
               and
               the
               first
               is
               the
               best
               ,
               being
               more
               volatil
               than
               the
               vapour
               of
               water
               .
               But
               this
               
                 spiritus
                 acetosus
              
               which
               is
               in
               Sulphur
               ,
               Allum
               ,
               Vitriol
               and
               Vinegar
               ,
               ariseth
               last
               ;
               and
               the
               more
               you
               distill
               away
               from
               it
               ,
               the
               sharper
               it
               ariseth
               ,
               and
               the
               sourer
               is
               that
               which
               remaineth
               .
               Thus
               much
               for
               Vitriol
               and
               concrete
               juyces
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               VIII
               .
            
             
               
                 Of
                 Mineral
                 Spirits
                 ;
                 Quick-silver
                 ,
                 Salphur
                 or
                 Brinsstone
                 ,
                 Arsenick
                 ,
                 with
                 his
                 kinds
                 ,
                 Cadmia
                 .
              
            
             
               AFist
               kind
               of
               Minerals
               are
               called
               Spirits
               ;
               these
               are
               volatil
               in
               the
               fire
               ,
               and
               have
               ingression
               into
               Metals
               ,
               but
               no
               metalline
               fusion
               .
               These
               are
               Quick-silver
               ,
               Sulphur
               ,
               Arsenick
               ,
               Cadmia
               ,
               Rusma
               ,
               &c.
               
               All
               which
               being
               volatil
               ,
               will
               easily
               sublime
               ,
               and
               being
               mixed
               with
               metals
               ,
               as
               Cadmia's
               ordinarily
               to
               make
               Brass
               ,
               will
               alter
               the
               colour
               of
               the
               metal
               ,
               and
               make
               it
               less
               fusible
               ,
               and
               less
               malleable
               .
               I
               will
               briefly
               run
               over
               the
               examples
               of
               these
               and
               their
               virtues
               or
               qualities
               ,
               being
               more
               obscure
               ,
               and
               in
               our
               Baths
               less
               useful
               than
               the
               former
               ,
               and
               more
               rare
               .
            
             
               Qnick
               silver
               was
               not
               well
               known
               to
               Galen
               ,
               for
               he
               confesseth
               that
               he
               had
               no
               experience
               of
               it
               ,
               and
               did
               think
               it
               to
               be
               meerly
               artificial
               ,
               and
               not
               naturally
               bred
               in
               the
               earth
               .
               
               Dioscorides
               makes
               no
               mention
               of
               the
               temperature
               of
               it
               ,
               but
               holds
               it
               to
               be
               a
               pernitious
               venome
               ,
               and
               to
               fret
               the
               entrails
               ;
               although
               Matthiolus
               affirms
               that
               it
               is
               safely
               given
               to
               women
               to
               further
               their
               deliverance
               ,
               and
               we
               find
               it
               so
               by
               often
               expcrience
               ,
               both
               in
               that
               cause
               ,
               and
               in
               Worms
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               French
               Disease
               and
               Leprosies
               ,
               if
               it
               be
               skilfully
               prepared
               ,
               and
               with
               judgement
               administred
               .
               Fallopius
               holds
               it
               to
               be
               one
               of
               the
               miracles
               of
               nature
               .
               Those
               that
               take
               upon
               them
               to
               determine
               of
               the
               qualities
               of
               it
               ,
               are
               much
               distracted
               ;
               fome
               reckoning
               it
               to
               be
               hot
               and
               dry
               ,
               and
               some
               cold
               and
               moist
               ;
               and
               both
               
               in
               a
               high
               degree
               .
               But
               in
               this
               account
               they
               consider
               not
               the
               qualities
               of
               the
               ingredients
               in
               the
               preparation
               ;
               whether
               it
               be
               sublim'd
               or
               precipitated
               .
               
               For
               my
               part
               I
               know
               not
               how
               to
               reduce
               〈◊〉
               to
               the
               Elementary
               qualities
               :
               neither
               am
               I
               ashtmed
               of
               mine
               ignorance
               in
               it
               ,
               seeing
               no
               man
               hitherto
               hath
               given
               true
               satisfaction
               herein
               .
               And
               if
               it
               be
               true
               that
               the
               elements
               do
               not
               concur
               to
               the
               generation
               of
               mixt
               bodies
               ,
               (
               as
               I
               shall
               shew
               ,
               cap.
               11.
               )
               we
               need
               not
               marvail
               if
               we
               find
               the●
               not
               where
               they
               be
               not
               .
               
               But
               for
               our
               own
               use
               ,
               where
               reason
               fails
               us
               ,
               let
               us
               be
               guided
               by
               experience
               .
               We
               find
               by
               experience
               ,
               that
               it
               cuts
               ,
               attenuates
               ,
               penetrates
               ,
               melts
               ,
               resolves
               ,
               purges
               both
               
                 ad
                 centrum
                 &
                 a
                 centro
              
               ,
               heats
               ,
               cools
               ,
               &c.
               and
               is
               a
               transcendent
               beyond
               our
               rules
               of
               Philosophy
               ,
               and
               〈◊〉
               monster
               in
               nature
               ,
               as
               Renodaus
               faith
               .
               For
               our
               purpose
               it
               is
               enough
               to
               know
               whether
               it
               will
               impr●
               any
               quality
               to
               water
               ;
               which
               
                 Fallopius
                 ,
                 Bacei●●
                 Solinander
                 ,
                 Banbinus
                 ,
              
               and
               
                 Felix
                 Platerus
              
               do
               acknowledge
               .
               But
               it
               gives
               no
               taste
               to
               it
               ,
               neither
               have
               we
               many
               examples
               of
               Baths
               which
               contin●●
               it
               .
               In
               
                 Serra
                 Morena
              
               in
               Spain
               ,
               near
               the
               Village
               Almedien
               ,
               is
               a
               Cave
               where
               are
               many
               Wells
               i●fected
               (
               as
               is
               thought
               )
               with
               Quick-silver
               ,
               because
               much
               of
               that
               mineral
               is
               extracted
               from
               thence
               out
               of
               a
               red
               stone
               called
               
                 Minium
                 nativum
              
               .
               About
               fifty
               miles
               from
               thence
               in
               
                 V
                 alentiola
              
               ,
               then
               is
               another
               fountain
               called
               
                 La
                 Nava
              
               ,
               of
               a
               sha●
               taste
               ,
               and
               held
               to
               proceed
               from
               Quick-silver
               and
               these
               waters
               are
               found
               wholsome
               .
               So
               are
               〈◊〉
               waters
               at
               Almagra
               and
               Toletum
               ,
               and
               others
               by
               the
               River
               Minius
               ,
               which
               are
               hot
               .
               There
               are
               man
               venomous
               springs
               attributed
               to
               Quick-silver
               ,
               〈◊〉
               
               the
               red
               fountain
               in
               A●thiopia
               ,
               others
               in
               Boetia
               ,
               Caa
               in
               
                 Trigloditis
                 ,
                 Stix
              
               in
               
                 Arcadia
                 ,
                 Stix
              
               in
               
                 Thessalia
                 ,
                 Licus
              
               in
               Sicilia
               ,
               &c.
               which
               perhaps
               are
               from
               other
               minerals
               ,
               feeing
               we
               find
               some
               from
               Quick-silver
               to
               be
               wholsome
               .
               For
               Mines
               of
               Quick-silver
               ,
               we
               read
               of
               many
               in
               
                 Baetica
                 ,
                 Attica
                 ,
                 Ionia
              
               ,
               out
               of
               a
               stone
               which
               Pliny
               calls
               
                 Vomica
                 liquoris
                 aterni
              
               .
               In
               Germany
               at
               Landsberg
               ,
               at
               
                 Creucenacbum
                 ,
                 Schenbach
                 ,
                 Baraum
              
               above
               
                 Prage
                 ,
                 Kunningstien
              
               ,
               &c.
               
               In
               Scotland
               three
               miles
               beyond
               Barwick
               ,
               I
               found
               a
               red
               stone
               ,
               which
               I
               took
               to
               be
               
                 minium
                 nativum
              
               ,
               seeing
               Agricola
               makes
               mention
               of
               it
               in
               Scotland
               ,
               but
               by
               a
               mischance
               could
               not
               try
               it
               .
            
             
               Sulphur
               attracts
               ,
               contracts
               ,
               resolves
               ,
               mollifies
               ,
               discusses
               ,
               whereby
               it
               shews
               a
               manifest
               heat
               ,
               though
               not
               intense
               ,
               yet
               the
               sume
               of
               it
               is
               very
               sour
               ,
               and
               therefore
               must
               cool
               and
               dry
               :
               and
               I
               perswade
               my self
               that
               there
               is
               no
               better
               sume
               to
               correct
               venomous
               and
               infectious
               air
               ,
               than
               this
               of
               Sulphur
               ,
               or
               to
               remove
               infections
               out
               of
               rooms
               ,
               clothes
               ,
               bedding
               ,
               vessels
               ,
               &c.
               
               
               We
               must
               acknowledge
               differing
               parts
               in
               all
               compounded
               bodies
               ;
               as
               Rhubarb
               hath
               a
               purgative
               quality
               in
               the
               infusion
               ,
               and
               an
               astrictive
               in
               the
               Terrestrial
               substance
               ,
               where
               the
               salt
               hath
               been
               by
               infusion
               extracted
               .
               The
               substance
               of
               Sulphur
               is
               very
               fat
               (
               
                 Sulphure
                 nihil
                 pinguius
              
               )
               faith
               
                 Felix
                 Platerus
              
               ,
               and
               this
               is
               the
               cause
               of
               his
               easie
               taking
               of
               fire
               ,
               and
               nor
               any
               propinquity
               it
               hath
               with
               fire
               in
               the
               quality
               of
               heat
               :
               for
               if
               it
               were
               very
               hot
               ,
               Dioscorides
               would
               not
               comment
               it
               
                 purulenta
                 extussientibus
              
               ,
               the
               next
               door
               to
               a
               Hectick
               .
               Also
               Galen
               faith
               ,
               that
               fat
               things
               are
               moderately
               hot
               ,
               and
               are
               rather
               nutriments
               
               than
               medicaments
               .
               Now
               for
               Sulphurous
               Baths
               ,
               they
               are
               very
               frequent
               ,
               and
               if
               we
               should
               believe
               some
               ,
               there
               are
               no
               hot
               Baths
               but
               participate
               with
               Sulphur
               ,
               but
               they
               are
               deceived
               ,
               as
               shall
               appear
               hereafter
               ,
               when
               we
               come
               to
               shew
               the
               true
               causes
               of
               the
               heat
               of
               Baths
               .
               Neither
               are
               all
               sulphurous
               Baths
               hot
               .
               Gesner
               reports
               of
               a
               Bath
               by
               Zurich
               very
               cold
               ,
               and
               yet
               sulphurous
               ,
               Agricola
               of
               another
               by
               Buda
               in
               Pannonia
               .
               In
               Campania
               by
               the
               Leucogaean
               Hills
               ,
               are
               cold
               Springs
               full
               of
               Brimstone
               .
               Also
               there
               are
               hot
               Baths
               without
               any
               shew
               of
               sulphur
               that
               can
               be
               discerned
               ,
               as
               the
               Baths
               of
               Petriolum
               in
               Italy
               ,
               the
               Baths
               Caldanelloe
               and
               
                 de
                 Avinione
                 in
                 agro
                 Senensi
                 ,
                 de
                 Gratta
                 in
                 Viterbiensi
                 ,
                 de
                 aquis
                 in
                 pisanis
                 collibus
                 .
                 Divi
                 Johannis
                 in
                 agro
                 Lucensi
                 ,
                 in
                 Alsatia
              
               another
               not
               far
               from
               Gebersallerum
               ,
               &c.
               
               All
               which
               are
               very
               hot
               ,
               and
               yet
               give
               no
               sign
               of
               Sulphur
               either
               by
               taste
               or
               smell
               ,
               or
               effects
               .
               And
               yet
               no
               doubt
               there
               are
               many
               Baths
               having
               a
               sulphurous
               smell
               from
               other
               minerals
               ;
               as
               from
               Bitumen
               ,
               Vitriol
               ,
               Sandaracha
               ,
               Allum
               ,
               &c.
               which
               are
               hardly
               to
               be
               discerned
               (
               if
               at
               all
               )
               from
               Sulphur
               .
               So
               we
               commonly
               say
               ,
               if
               a
               house
               or
               a
               tree
               be
               fet
               on
               fire
               by
               lightning
               ,
               that
               it
               smells
               of
               Brimstone
               when
               there
               was
               no
               Brimstone
               there
               .
               Mans
               things
               combusted
               ,
               will
               yield
               a
               nidorous
               smell
               ,
               not
               discernable
               after
               burning
               what
               the
               things
               were
               .
               But
               there
               are
               divers
               truly
               sulphurous
               Baths
               which
               contain
               Sulphur
               ,
               although
               not
               perfectly
               mixt
               with
               the
               water
               without
               some
               medium
               ,
               but
               only
               confused
               :
               for
               perfect
               Sulphur
               will
               not
               dissolve
               in
               water
               no
               more
               than
               Bitumen
               ,
               The
               spirit
               of
               Sulphur
               may
               be
               communicated
               to
               
               water
               ,
               and
               so
               may
               the
               matter
               of
               Sulphur
               before
               it
               hath
               attained
               his
               perfect
               form
               and
               consistente
               :
               otherwise
               it
               is
               only
               confufed
               with
               water
               ,
               and
               alters
               it
               into
               a
               milky
               colour
               .
               
                 Sulphurca
                 Nar
                 albus
                 aqua
              
               ,
               Nar
               with
               Sulphurous
               water
               white
               .
               At
               Baia
               are
               divers
               hot
               fulphurous
               Baths
               ,
               and
               every
               where
               in
               Hetrnria
               ,
               in
               
                 Sicily
                 ,
                 in
                 Diocesi
                 Panormitana
              
               ;
               the
               Baths
               of
               Apono
               ,
               as
               
                 Savanarola
                 Muntagna
              
               ,
               and
               Fallopius
               avevs
               ,
               although
               
                 John
                 de
                 dondis
              
               denieth
               it
               ;
               the
               Bath
               of
               Astrunum
               ,
               of
               
                 Callatura
                 ,
                 S.
                 Euphemie
                 ,
                 Aquisgran
                 ,
                 Brigenses
                 thernmae
                 in
                 V
                 alesiis
                 Helvetiorum
                 ,
                 Aqua
                 sancta
                 in
                 Picenis
                 ,
              
               and
               an
               infinite
               number
               every
               where
               .
               Baccius
               reckons
               our
               Baths
               of
               Bath
               among
               fulphurous
               Baths
               ,
               from
               the
               relation
               of
               
                 Edward
                 Carne
              
               when
               he
               was
               Embassador
               to
               
                 Jnlius
                 tertius
              
               ,
               and
               
                 Panlus
                 quartus
              
               .
               I
               will
               not
               deny
               some
               touch
               of
               Sulphur
               in
               them
               ,
               seeing
               we
               sind
               among
               bituminous
               coals
               ,
               some
               which
               are
               called
               metal
               coals
               ,
               with
               certain
               yellow
               vains
               which
               are
               Sulphur
               .
               But
               the
               proportion
               of
               Sulphur
               to
               Bitumen
               ,
               is
               very
               little
               ,
               and
               therefore
               I
               do
               not
               hold
               them
               Sul-phurous
               &
               pradominio
               .
               This
               is
               enough
               for
               Sulphur
               .
            
             
               Concerning
               Arsenick
               ,
               it
               is
               a
               venomous
               mineral
               ,
               and
               therefore
               I
               need
               speak
               noth
               ng
               of
               the
               Baths
               which
               proceed
               from
               it
               ,
               but
               that
               we
               take
               heed
               of
               them
               ;
               It
               is
               likely
               that
               those
               venomous
               waters
               and
               vapours
               which
               kill
               suddenly
               ,
               do
               proceed
               from
               Arsenick
               ,
               as
               at
               Cicrum
               in
               
                 Thracia
                 ,
                 font
                 Neptunius
                 in
                 Terracina
                 ,
              
               at
               Peraut
               by
               
                 Mompelier
                 ,
                 the
                 Lake
                 Avernus
                 .
                 
                 The
                 cave
                 of
                 Charon
                 by
                 Naples
                 .
              
               Under
               Arsenick
               we
               may
               comprehe
               .
               d
               
                 Auripigmentum
                 ,
                 Risagalum
                 ,
                 Sandaracha
                 ,
                 Rusma
                 ,
              
               
               &c.
               
               I
               hear
               of
               but
               one
               Mine
               of
               Rrsma
               in
               Ciprus
               ,
               from
               whence
               the
               Turks
               have
               it
               to
               take
               off
               hair
               ,
               and
               it
               doth
               it
               best
               of
               any
               thing
               known
               ,
               as
               Bellonius
               and
               Platerus
               report
               ,
               and
               I
               have
               made
               tryal
               of
               it
               oftentimes
               :
               The
               former
               sorts
               of
               Arsenick
               are
               found
               in
               
                 Misia
                 Helltspontia
                 in
                 Ponu
              
               ,
               by
               the
               River
               Hippanis
               ,
               which
               is
               made
               bitter
               by
               it
               .
               In
               the
               lesser
               Afta
               ,
               between
               Magncsia
               and
               Euphesus
               in
               Carmania
               ,
               &c.
               
               It
               is
               accounted
               to
               be
               extreme
               hot
               and
               putrifying
               .
            
             
               Cadmia
               is
               either
               natural
               or
               fictitious
               :
               Th●
               natural
               is
               often
               dangerous
               in
               Germany
               ,
               as
               Agricola
               saith
               ,
               especially
               that
               which
               is
               liquid
               ,
               whic●
               is
               a
               strong
               corrosive
               :
               the
               other
               is
               of
               the
               natu●
               of
               Copper
               ,
               moderately
               hot
               and
               cleansing
               .
               as
               especially
               good
               to
               clear
               the
               eyes
               ,
               as
               Calamina●
               and
               Tntia
               .
               
               It
               is
               found
               in
               Copper
               Mines
               ,
               and
               ●
               it self
               in
               Ciprus
               ,
               as
               Galen
               saith
               by
               the
               City
               Sol●
               Also
               in
               
                 Agro
                 Senensi
                 ,
                 Vicentino
                 ,
                 Bergomensi
                 ,
              
               no●
               Como
               ,
               where
               they
               make
               Brass
               with
               it
               .
               Unde
               Meadip
               hills
               there
               is
               much
               of
               it
               .
               The
               Baths
               ●
               Saint
               Cnssian
               do
               participate
               with
               it
               ,
               and
               Cicp
               his
               Baths
               neer
               Baia.
               Also
               the
               Bath
               at
               Zurich●
               Helvetia
               ,
               and
               Grotta
               in
               Viterbio
               .
            
             
               Thus
               much
               for
               Spirits
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               IX
               .
            
             
               
                 Of
                 mean
                 metals
                 ,
                 or
                 half
                 metals
                 .
                 Bismutuin
                 or
                 Tin-glass
                 ,
                 Antimony
                 ,
                 Bell-metal
                 .
              
            
             
               ASixt
               sort
               I
               make
               to
               be
               mean
               metals
               ,
               or
               half
               metals
               ,
               which
               are
               mineral
               substances
               ,
               having
               metalline
               susion
               ,
               but
               are
               not
               malleable
               ,
               as
               metals
               are
               :
               and
               therefore
               being
               mixt
               with
               metals
               ,
               do
               make
               them
               brittle
               .
               These
               are
               Bismutum
               ,
               or
               
                 plumbum
                 cinereum
              
               ,
               Antimony
               ,
               Bell-metal
               ,
               which
               Geber
               calls
               Magnesta
               ,
               in
               Dutch
               SpeissCalaem
               also
               may
               be
               reckoned
               among
               those
               ,
               which
               is
               a
               kind
               of
               white
               metalline
               Cadmia
               ,
               brought
               out
               of
               the
               East-Indies
               ,
               which
               hath
               both
               metalline
               ingression
               ,
               and
               metalline
               fusion
               ,
               but
               not
               perfectly
               malleable
               .
               These
               although
               they
               are
               more
               volatil
               than
               metal
               ,
               yet
               by
               reason
               of
               their
               fusion
               into
               a
               King
               ,
               are
               not
               so
               easily
               sublim'd
               as
               the
               Spirits
               .
            
             
               Bismutum
               is
               tnat
               we
               call
               Tin-glass
               ,
               differing
               both
               from
               Tin
               and
               Lead
               .
               
               
                 Candidins
                 nigro
                 ,
                 sed
                 plumbo
                 nigrins
                 albo
                 ,
              
               whiter
               than
               black
               ,
               but
               blacker
               than
               white
               lead
               .
               It
               was
               not
               known
               to
               the
               Antients
               ,
               and
               therefore
               we
               can
               say
               little
               of
               the
               qualities
               of
               it
               .
               It
               is
               found
               in
               England
               ,
               and
               in
               Misnia
               ,
               and
               at
               Sneberg
               in
               Germany
               ,
               and
               in
               very
               few
               places
               else
               .
               I
               read
               not
               of
               any
               waters
               that
               participate
               with
               it
               :
               neither
               can
               I
               say
               much
               of
               Antimony
               ,
               but
               that
               Dioscorides
               saith
               it
               cools
               ,
               binds
               ,
               opens
               obstructions
               ,
               &c.
               
               And
               Galen
               ,
               that
               it
               dryeth
               and
               bindeth
               ,
               and
               is
               good
               for
               the
               eyes
               ,
               &c.
               
               But
               of
               the
               purging
               quality
               they
               write
               nothing
               ,
               although
               we
               find
               it
               to
               purge
               violently
               ,
               both
               upwards
               
               and
               downwards
               :
               whereupon
               we
               may
               g●
               ther
               that
               all
               purging
               medicines
               are
               not
               hot
               ,
               as
               ●
               have
               touched
               before
               .
               Cambden
               faith
               there
               is
               ●
               Mine
               of
               it
               in
               Cumberland
               :
               It
               is
               found
               in
               
                 Italy
                 in
                 Thinni
                 montibus
                 ,
                 in
                 Senensi
                 agro
              
               in
               the
               County
               of
               S.
               Flora
               ,
               and
               in
               Germany
               in
               many
               place
               But
               I
               read
               of
               no
               waters
               that
               participate
               with
               ●
               unless
               we
               should
               judge
               all
               purgative
               waters
               to
               be
               infected
               with
               it
               ,
               as
               neer
               
                 Ormus
                 ,
                 Purchas
              
               write
               of
               such
               a
               Spring
               which
               purgeth
               .
               Sawanarola●
               
                 Balneis
                 Romandiolae
              
               ,
               mentions
               a.
               Spring
               at
               
                 M●
                 dula
              
               ,
               which
               purgeth
               .
               
               Also
               
                 Balneum
                 Tertutii
                 ●
                 agro
                 Pistoriensh
                 ,
                 Fallopio
              
               ;
               also
               the
               sour
               wat●
               of
               Mendich
               and
               Ponterbon
               do
               purge
               choler
               ,
               Rulandus
               saith
               .
               At
               None-such
               we
               have
               also
               a
               p●
               gative
               Spring
               ,
               which
               may
               participate
               with
               A●
               timony
               or
               Nitre
               ,
               or
               both
               :
               But
               purgative
               wa●
               are
               rare
               ,
               unless
               it
               be
               
                 ratione
                 ponderis
              
               ,
               by
               the
               we●
               and
               quantity
               ,
               and
               so
               any
               water
               may
               purge
               ,
               ●
               our
               Bath-waters
               do
               purge
               in
               that
               manner
               ,
               and
               the
               addition
               of
               Salt
               ,
               which
               gives
               stimulation
               ●
               it
               .
               This
               our
               Bath-guides
               do
               ordinarily
               presc●
               to
               such
               as
               will
               be
               perswaded
               by
               them
               ,
               not
               kno●ing
               how
               it
               agreeth
               with
               their
               griefs
               ,
               nor
               ho●
               may
               do
               hurt
               in
               many
               respects
               ,
               as
               oftentime●
               doth
               .
            
             
               Bell-metal
               is
               thought
               to
               be
               a
               mixture
               of
               ●ward●
               and
               Copper-Oars
               ,
               as
               Kentman
               judgeth
               ,
               an●
               found
               in
               our
               Tin
               and
               Copper-Mines
               in
               
                 C●
                 wall
              
               .
               I
               read
               of
               no
               waters
               infected
               with
               it
               ,
               no●
               any
               use
               it
               hath
               in
               Physick
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               X.
               
            
             
               
                 Of
                 Metals
                 ;
                 Gold
                 ,
                 Silver
                 ,
                 Iron
                 ,
                 Copper
                 ,
                 Ti●
                 Lead
                 .
              
            
             
               THe
               seventh
               and
               last
               sort
               are
               metals
               ,
               mineral
               substances
               ,
               fusible
               and
               malleablé
               .
               
               These
               are
               commonly
               distinguished
               into
               perfect
               and
               imperfect
               ;
               perfect
               ,
               because
               they
               have
               less
               impurity
               or
               heterogenity
               in
               them
               ,
               as
               Gold
               and
               Silver
               .
               The
               rest
               are
               called
               imperfect
               ,
               because
               they
               are
               full
               of
               impurities
               ,
               and
               they
               are
               either
               hard
               or
               soft
               .
               Hard
               ,
               as
               those
               which
               will
               indure
               ignition
               before
               they
               melt
               ,
               as
               Iron
               and
               Copper
               :
               Soft
               ,
               which
               will
               not
               ,
               but
               melt
               at
               the
               first
               ,
               as
               Tin
               and
               Lead
               .
            
             
               All
               these
               metals
               are
               found
               in
               His
               Majesties
               Dominions
               ,
               and
               many
               of
               them
               I
               perswade
               my self
               ,
               might
               be
               wrought
               to
               better
               profit
               ,
               if
               our
               Smelters
               were
               skilful
               ,
               or
               were
               not
               hindred
               by
               si●ister
               respects
               .
               
               But
               especially
               we
               abound
               in
               the
               imperfect
               metals
               more
               than
               enough
               to
               serve
               our
               own
               use
               .
               And
               for
               the
               perfect
               metals
               ,
               I
               have
               seen
               both
               in
               Cornewall
               and
               at
               Crayfordmuir
               in
               Scotland
               ,
               perfect
               Gold
               (
               which
               the
               Dutch
               call
               Gedigen
               )
               in
               grains
               among
               Sparr
               .
               Also
               among
               other
               metals
               ,
               it
               is
               ordinarily
               bred
               ,
               as
               Iron
               and
               Copper
               ,
               and
               Tin.
               But
               from
               Tin
               it
               is
               hardly
               separated
               without
               more
               waste
               of
               Tin
               than
               the
               Gold
               is
               worth
               .
               From
               Iron
               and
               Copper
               I
               see
               no
               reason
               but
               it
               might
               be
               separated
               with
               advantage
               .
            
             
               For
               silver
               ,
               there
               is
               much
               lost
               for
               want
               of
               taking
               ●t
               forth
               of
               Lead-Oars
               :
               for
               whereas
               those
               Oars
               which
               are
               rich
               in
               silver
               ,
               
               are
               commonly
               hard
               of
               
               fusion
               ;
               our
               mineral
               men
               either
               neglect
               those
               Oars
               ,
               and
               work
               them
               not
               ,
               or
               else
               they
               mix
               some
               s●●●ll
               proportion
               of
               them
               with
               their
               poor
               Oars
               ,
               which
               are
               easie
               of
               fusion
               ,
               and
               so
               make
               the
               metal
               so
               poor
               ,
               as
               it
               is
               not
               worth
               the
               refining
               .
               Whereas
               if
               they
               were
               wrought
               by
               themselves
               ,
               they
               would
               yield
               in
               silver
               upon
               every
               Tun
               ,
               some
               20
               ounces
               ,
               some
               40
               ,
               some
               60
               ,
               some
               80
               ,
               more
               o●
               less
               .
            
             
               For
               Copper
               ,
               Whereas
               we
               fetch
               our
               Pins
               an●
               Tags
               of
               Points
               from
               other
               Countreys
               ,
               yet
               n●
               doubt
               we
               might
               be
               furnished
               of
               our
               own
               ,
               bo●
               for
               these
               and
               other
               uses
               .
               
               We
               have
               but
               one
               Copper
               work
               that
               I
               hear
               of
               in
               all
               his
               Majesties
               Dominions
               ,
               and
               that
               is
               at
               Kesnick
               in
               Gumberland
               but
               Copper
               Mines
               are
               found
               in
               divers
               other
               pa
               〈…〉
               as
               in
               Cornwall
               at
               Trevascus
               ,
               and
               other
               places
               〈◊〉
               
                 York-shire
                 ,
                 Scotland
                 ,
                 Ireland
              
               ,
               &c.
               
               And
               no
               dou
               〈…〉
               many
               are
               concealed
               ,
               by
               reason
               they
               are
               Min
               〈…〉
               Royal.
               If
               these
               were
               wrought
               ,
               and
               wrought
               〈◊〉
               ter
               a
               good
               manner
               ,
               it
               is
               likely
               they
               would
               bri
               〈…〉
               a
               good
               advantage
               to
               his
               Majesty
               ,
               and
               to
               〈◊〉
               Kingdom
               .
            
             
               For
               Iron
               ,
               we
               have
               the
               Oar
               in
               abundance
               ,
               〈…〉
               it
               is
               pity
               that
               so
               much
               good
               wood
               should
               be
               w
               〈…〉
               sted
               upon
               it
               for
               so
               bad
               iron
               ;
               and
               yet
               the
               g
               〈…〉
               which
               it
               holds
               ,
               is
               lost
               .
               
               Many
               have
               propound
               〈…〉
               the
               melting
               of
               it
               with
               stone-coal
               ,
               but
               perh
               〈…〉
               they
               have
               failed
               in
               their
               projects
               :
               yet
               this
               do
               not
               prove
               the
               impossibility
               of
               it
               .
               And
               for
               〈◊〉
               goodness
               of
               this
               metal
               ,
               if
               it
               were
               rightly
               made
               ,
               would
               melt
               as
               readily
               as
               other
               metal
               ,
               and
               wo
               〈…〉
               be
               tough
               ,
               and
               not
               so
               brittle
               as
               it
               is
               ,
               and
               wo
               〈…〉
               not
               be
               so
               apt
               to
               rust
               .
               For
               these
               inconvenience
               
               happen
               to
               it
               for
               want
               of
               separation
               of
               the
               impurities
               which
               are
               bred
               with
               it
               .
            
             
               For
               Tin
               ,
               we
               have
               as
               good
               as
               any
               in
               the
               World
               ,
               although
               it
               is
               not
               wrought
               to
               the
               best
               advantage
               .
               
               The
               Countreys
               where
               it
               grows
               ,
               are
               barren
               of
               wood
               ,
               and
               they
               are
               fain
               to
               fetch
               it
               far
               off
               .
               Now
               if
               it
               were
               wrought
               ,
               as
               I
               know
               it
               may
               ,
               by
               many
               experiments
               which
               I
               have
               made
               upon
               it
               ,
               with
               stone-coal
               ,
               there
               would
               be
               much
               saved
               ,
               and
               the
               wood
               might
               be
               otherwise
               employed
               .
               The
               Tin
               also
               would
               be
               as
               good
               as
               now
               it
               is
               ,
               and
               the
               product
               not
               diminished
               .
            
             
               For
               Lead
               ,
               although
               for
               soft
               Oars
               the
               ordinary
               course
               of
               melting
               at
               Mondip
               and
               the
               Peak
               ,
               may
               serve
               Well
               ,
               and
               much
               better
               than
               their
               Baling
               at
               Alendale
               in
               Hexamshire
               and
               at
               Grass
               in
               the
               Bishoprick
               of
               Duresme
               :
               yet
               for
               hard
               Oars
               (
               which
               are
               commonly
               rich
               in
               silver
               )
               there
               might
               be
               better
               courses
               taken
               ,
               by
               common
               or
               proper
               Agents
               .
               Common
               agents
               are
               fire
               and
               water
               ;
               proper
               are
               dissolvents
               or
               additaments
               .
               
               By
               fire
               they
               might
               amend
               their
               working
               ,
               if
               they
               did
               roast
               their
               Oars
               well
               before
               melting
               ,
               to
               breath
               away
               volatil
               and
               combustible
               substances
               which
               are
               mixed
               with
               their
               Oars
               .
               By
               water
               ,
               after
               calcination
               or
               roasting
               ,
               they
               may
               separate
               all
               dissoluble
               juyces
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               Dissolvents
               do
               chiefly
               serve
               to
               separate
               the
               silver
               or
               gold
               out
               of
               the
               Oars
               :
               as
               in
               the
               quick-silver
               work
               ,
               or
               by
               Lyes
               of
               Nitre
               ,
               Allum
               ,
               Salts
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               Additaments
               are
               also
               of
               great
               use
               ,
               whether
               they
               be
               segregatory
               for
               separation
               of
               spirits
               ,
               or
               mean
               metals
               from
               our
               Oars
               ,
               and
               so
               to
               facilitate
               
               their
               fusion
               :
               or
               propugnatory
               to
               defend
               the
               Oares
               from
               consuming
               or
               vitrifying
               .
               Segregatory
               additaments
               are
               either
               such
               as
               are
               more
               easie
               of
               fusion
               than
               the
               Oare
               ,
               and
               so
               draw
               the
               Oare
               into
               fusion
               with
               them
               ,
               or
               such
               as
               will
               not
               melt
               at
               all
               ,
               as
               Geber
               saith
               ,
               
                 Cujus
                 intentio
                 non
                 sit
                 fundi
              
               :
               which
               keeps
               the
               Oar
               asunder
               from
               clodding
               ,
               and
               giyes
               it
               a
               greater
               heat
               ,
               like
               fire
               in
               his
               bosom
               .
               By
               these
               means
               well
               applyed
               and
               used
               ,
               all
               Lead
               Oares
               might
               be
               wrought
               ,
               be
               they
               never
               so
               stubborn
               ,
               and
               none
               need
               to
               be
               neglected
               .
               Hitherto
               I
               have
               digressed
               out
               of
               mine
               intended
               course
               ,
               through
               the
               desire
               I
               have
               to
               advance
               mineral
               works
               .
               Now
               I
               will
               return
               to
               shew
               the
               nature
               and
               qualities
               of
               these
               metals
               ,
               as
               I
               have
               done
               of
               other
               minerals
               .
            
             
               Gold
               of
               all
               Metals
               is
               the
               most
               solid
               ,
               and
               therefore
               the
               most
               heavy
               ,
               as
               having
               few
               impurities
               or
               heterogeneal
               substances
               mixed
               with
               it
               .
               
               And
               therefore
               it
               is
               not
               subject
               to
               corruption
               ,
               as
               other
               metals
               are
               ,
               neither
               will
               it
               lose
               any
               of
               his
               substance
               ,
               either
               by
               fire
               or
               water
               ,
               although
               it
               should
               be
               held
               in
               them
               a
               long
               time
               :
               so
               as
               it
               is
               an
               idle
               and
               vain
               perswasion
               that
               many
               have
               ,
               who
               think
               by
               boyling
               Gold
               in
               Broth
               ,
               to
               get
               some
               strength
               from
               thence
               ,
               and
               so
               to
               make
               the
               Broths
               more
               cordial
               .
               
               The
               like
               I
               may
               say
               of
               putting
               Gold
               into
               Electuaries
               or
               Pills
               ,
               unless
               it
               be
               in
               case
               of
               Quicksilver
               taken
               into
               the
               body
               ,
               which
               the
               Gold
               by
               touch
               may
               gather
               to
               it
               ,
               otherwise
               it
               goes
               out
               of
               the
               body
               as
               it
               came
               in
               ,
               without
               any
               concoction
               or
               alteration
               ,
               or
               diminution
               .
               And
               if
               it
               be
               dissolved
               in
               strong
               water
               ,
               it
               will
               be
               reduced
               again
               to
               his
               metalline
               substance
               ,
               without
               diminution
               ,
               
               much
               less
               will
               it
               be
               dissolved
               without
               corrosive
               Spirits
               ,
               to
               make
               
                 Aurum
                 Potabile
              
               ,
               as
               some
               do
               undertake
               .
               
               Crollius
               doth
               acknowledge
               ,
               that
               there
               is
               but
               one
               Menstruum
               in
               the
               world
               that
               may
               do
               it
               ,
               and
               that
               he
               knows
               not
               .
               But
               if
               we
               had
               it
               dissolved
               ,
               we
               are
               yet
               uncertain
               what
               the
               quality
               of
               it
               would
               be
               ,
               or
               what
               use
               to
               make
               of
               it
               in
               Physick
               ;
               only
               because
               it
               loseth
               none
               of
               his
               substance
               ,
               we
               know
               it
               can
               do
               no
               hurt
               ,
               and
               therefore
               we
               use
               it
               for
               Cauteries
               ,
               &
               to
               quench
               in
               Beer
               or
               Wine
               ,
               &c.
               to
               warm
               it
               ,
               or
               to
               give
               it
               some
               astriction
               from
               the
               fire
               .
               
               Fallopius
               in
               these
               regards
               disclaims
               it
               in
               all
               mineral
               waters
               ,
               as
               he
               doth
               all
               other
               metals
               :
               and
               will
               not
               believe
               that
               any
               metal
               doth
               impart
               any
               quality
               unto
               water
               .
               
               Claudinus
               holds
               otherwise
               ,
               and
               so
               doth
               
                 Baccius
                 ,
                 Savanarola
                 ,
                 Montagnana
                 ,
                 Venustus
                 ,
                 Solinander
                 ,
              
               and
               almost
               all
               that
               have
               written
               of
               Bathes
               .
               For
               if
               we
               should
               exclude
               Metals
               ,
               we
               must
               likewise
               exclude
               Stones
               ,
               and
               Bitumina
               and
               Sulphur
               ,
               and
               almost
               all
               minerals
               ,
               except
               concrete
               juices
               .
               For
               none
               of
               these
               ,
               after
               they
               have
               attained
               to
               their
               full
               consistence
               ,
               will
               of
               themselves
               dissolve
               in
               water
               ,
               without
               the
               help
               of
               some
               concrete
               juice
               ,
               as
               a
               medium
               to
               unite
               them
               with
               the
               water
               .
               But
               before
               they
               have
               their
               full
               consistence
               ,
               whilst
               they
               are
               in
               
                 Solutis
                 principiis
              
               ,
               as
               Earth
               ,
               Juice
               ,
               or
               Vapour
               ,
               they
               may
               be
               communicated
               with
               water
               .
               Gold
               is
               so
               sparingly
               bred
               in
               the
               bowels
               of
               the
               Earth
               ,
               as
               in
               that
               respect
               it
               can
               hardly
               furnish
               a
               perpetual
               Spring
               with
               any
               quality
               from
               it
               :
               yet
               some
               Bathes
               are
               held
               to
               participate
               with
               Gold
               ,
               as
               
                 Ficuncellenses
                 ,
                 Fabariae
                 ,
                 Piperinae
                 ,
                 de
                 Grottae
                 in
                 Viterbio
                 :
                 Sancti
                 Cassiani
                 de
                 Buxo
                 ,
              
               &c.
               
            
             
             
               Silver
               comes
               next
               in
               purity
               to
               Gold
               ,
               but
               is
               inferiour
               unto
               it
               ,
               as
               appears
               by
               the
               dissolution
               of
               it
               ,
               and
               by
               the
               blew
               tincture
               which
               it
               yields
               ,
               and
               by
               the
               fouling
               of
               the
               fingers
               ,
               &c.
               
               
               For
               the
               qualities
               of
               it
               ,
               there
               is
               not
               much
               discovered
               .
               But
               as
               all
               other
               things
               of
               price
               are
               superssitiously
               accounted
               cordia●
               ,
               so
               is
               this
               ,
               especially
               in
               hot
               and
               moist
               distempers
               of
               the
               heart
               :
               for
               it
               is
               esteemed
               to
               be
               cold
               ,
               and
               dry
               ,
               and
               astringent
               ,
               and
               yet
               emollient
               .
               
               We
               have
               no
               Bathes
               which
               do
               manifestly
               participate
               with
               it
               :
               perhaps
               ,
               by
               reason
               ,
               nature
               doth
               hot
               produce
               it
               in
               sufficient
               quantity
               to
               infect
               waters
               .
               
                 John
                 Baubinus
              
               thinks
               there
               may
               be
               Silver
               in
               the
               Bathes
               at
               Boll
               :
               because
               he
               faith
               there
               was
               a
               Pyritis
               or
               Marchesit
               examined
               by
               Doctor
               Cadner
               ,
               and
               out
               of
               fifty
               pound
               weight
               of
               it
               ,
               he
               drew
               two
               drams
               of
               Silver
               :
               a
               very
               small
               proportion
               to
               ground
               his
               opinion
               upon
               .
            
             
               Iron
               is
               the
               most
               impure
               of
               all
               metals
               ,
               as
               we
               have
               it
               wrought
               ,
               and
               will
               hardly
               melt
               as
               metals
               should
               do
               ,
               but
               with
               additaments
               and
               flusses
               .
               
               Neither
               is
               it
               so
               malleable
               ,
               and
               ductible
               as
               other
               metals
               are
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               his
               many
               impurities
               .
               Yet
               we
               see
               that
               at
               Damasco
               they
               work
               and
               refine
               it
               in
               such
               sort
               ,
               as
               it
               will
               melt
               at
               a
               Lamp
               ,
               and
               is
               so
               tough
               ,
               as
               it
               will
               hardly
               break
               .
               And
               this
               is
               not
               by
               reason
               of
               any
               special
               Mine
               differing
               from
               other
               Iron
               Mines
               ,
               for
               they
               have
               no
               Mines
               of
               Iron
               near
               to
               Damascus
               ,
               as
               Bell●nius
               reports
               ,
               but
               have
               it
               brought
               thither
               from
               divers
               other
               places
               ,
               only
               their
               art
               in
               working
               and
               purifying
               it
               is
               beyond
               ours
               .
               So
               the
               Spanish
               Steel
               and
               Iron
               is
               purer
               then
               ours
               ,
               and
               we
               do
               esteem
               of
               
               Bilbo-blades
               beyond
               others
               ,
               which
               are
               quenched
               in
               the
               River
               Bilbilis
               :
               as
               Turnus
               his
               Sword
               in
               Virgil
               was
               quenched
               in
               the
               River
               Styx
               .
               
                 
                   Ensem
                   quem
                   Dauno
                   ignipotens
                   Deus
                   ipse
                   parenti
                
                 
                   Fecerat
                   ,
                   &
                   Stygia
                   candentem
                   extinxerat
                   at
                   unda
                   .
                   
                
              
               
                 
                   A
                   Sword
                   the
                   god
                   of
                   fire
                   ,
                   of
                   his
                   own
                   make
                   ,
                
                 
                   Gave
                   Daune
                   ,
                   Turn's
                   Father
                   ,
                   quench'd
                   in
                   Stygian
                   Lake
                   .
                
              
            
             
               But
               the
               hardning
               of
               Steel
               lyeth
               not
               in
               this
               point
               :
               other
               waters
               no
               doubt
               may
               serve
               as
               well
               .
               But
               I
               perswade
               my self
               that
               our
               Iron
               may
               be
               made
               much
               purer
               ,
               and
               perhaps
               some
               Gold
               extracted
               from
               it
               which
               it
               holds
               .
            
             
               Concerning
               the
               temperature
               of
               Iron
               and
               Steel
               ,
               Galen
               reckons
               it
               among
               earth
               ,
               and
               therefore
               it
               must
               be
               cold
               .
               
               Manardus
               is
               absolutely
               of
               that
               opinion
               ,
               and
               so
               are
               most
               of
               our
               Physitians
               .
               
               Only
               Fallopius
               holds
               it
               to
               be
               hot
               ,
               because
               
                 Scribonius
                 Largus
              
               prescribes
               it
               in
               Ulcers
               of
               the
               Bladder
               ,
               which
               it
               doth
               cure
               ,
               not
               in
               regard
               of
               heating
               ,
               but
               drying
               ;
               for
               it
               dryeth
               and
               bindeth
               much
               ,
               and
               therefore
               by
               Galens
               rule
               it
               must
               be
               cold
               .
               
               
                 Astringentia
                 omnia
                 frigida
              
               ;
               all
               binding
               things
               are
               cold
               .
               I
               have
               observed
               in
               Iron
               and
               Steel
               two
               distinct
               qualities
               ,
               the
               one
               opening
               ,
               or
               deopilative
               ;
               the
               other
               astringent
               .
               
               The
               opening
               quality
               lyeth
               in
               a
               volatile
               Salt
               or
               Nitre
               ,
               which
               it
               is
               full
               of
               ,
               the
               astringent
               quality
               in
               the
               Crocus
               ,
               or
               Terrestrial
               part
               .
               These
               two
               substances
               are
               thus
               discerned
               and
               severed
               .
               Take
               of
               the
               fylings
               of
               Steel
               or
               Iron
               ,
               and
               cast
               it
               into
               the
               flame
               of
               a
               
               Candle
               ,
               and
               you
               shall
               see
               it
               to
               burn
               like
               Saltpeeter
               or
               Rosin
               .
               Take
               these
               fylings
               ,
               and
               infuse
               them
               three
               or
               four
               times
               in
               Water
               or
               Wine
               ,
               as
               we
               use
               to
               make
               our
               Chalibeat
               Wines
               ,
               till
               the
               water
               or
               wine
               have
               dissolved
               all
               this
               Salt
               ,
               and
               then
               dry
               it
               and
               cast
               it
               into
               the
               flame
               ,
               and
               it
               shall
               not
               burn
               ,
               but
               the
               liquor
               will
               have
               a
               strong
               taste
               from
               this
               Salt.
               And
               this
               is
               it
               which
               opens
               obstructions
               .
               The
               astringent
               quality
               lyeth
               in
               the
               terrestrial
               substance
               ,
               as
               is
               evident
               ,
               after
               either
               ,
               by
               infusions
               ,
               or
               by
               calcination
               ,
               the
               volatile
               salt
               is
               departed
               from
               it
               ,
               that
               which
               remains
               ,
               is
               very
               astringent
               ,
               and
               stayeth
               all
               manner
               of
               fluxes
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               Concerning
               Bathes
               participating
               with
               Iron
               ,
               we
               have
               too
               many
               examples
               of
               them
               for
               Fallopius
               to
               contradict
               .
               We
               may
               let
               him
               injoy
               his
               opinion
               of
               the
               
                 Calderiana
                 ,
                 Veronensia
                 &
                 Villensia
                 ,
                 Lucensia
              
               ;
               although
               it
               be
               against
               the
               judgement
               of
               all
               other
               who
               have
               written
               of
               them
               ,
               and
               it
               is
               hard
               for
               him
               to
               be
               confident
               in
               a
               negative
               .
               
               We
               have
               examples
               more
               then
               enough
               to
               prove
               the
               quality
               of
               Iron
               in
               our
               mineral
               waters
               .
               
                 Balneum
                 Reginae
                 in
                 agro
                 Pisano
              
               is
               actually
               hot
               ,
               and
               from
               Iron
               .
               So
               is
               
                 Balneum
                 Sancti
                 Cassiani
                 in
                 agro
                 Senensi
              
               :
               So
               is
               
                 Balneum
                 Ficuncellae
                 ,
                 de
                 Russellis
                 ,
                 Bora
                 in
                 agro
                 Florent
                 .
                 Brandulae
                 in
                 agro
                 Regiensi
                 ,
                 Visicatoriae
                 in
                 Tuscia
                 ,
                 Isenbrun
              
               by
               
                 Liege
                 ,
                 Forgense
              
               in
               Normandy
               :
               the
               
                 Spaw-water
                 ,
                 Tunbridge-water
                 ,
                 Bristol-water
              
               by
               S.
               Vincents
               Rock
               :
               all
               which
               ,
               some
               being
               hot
               ,
               and
               some
               cold
               ,
               participate
               with
               Iron
               ,
               as
               may
               be
               proved
               ,
               not
               only
               by
               the
               consent
               of
               all
               writers
               ,
               which
               have
               made
               mention
               of
               them
               ,
               but
               by
               the
               Mines
               from
               whence
               they
               come
               ,
               or
               by
               their
               taste
               ,
               or
               by
               their
               virtues
               .
            
             
             
               Copper
               comes
               nearest
               to
               the
               nature
               of
               Iron
               ,
               but
               is
               more
               pure
               ,
               and
               more
               easie
               of
               fusion
               ,
               and
               will
               be
               almost
               all
               converted
               into
               Vitriol
               .
               
               They
               are
               convertible
               the
               one
               into
               the
               other
               ,
               as
               I
               have
               shewed
               out
               of
               Erker
               ,
               in
               Vitriol
               .
               
               And
               by
               the
               practice
               at
               Commataw
               and
               Smolnicium
               :
               The
               like
               also
               hath
               been
               shewed
               in
               Cornwall
               ,
               at
               the
               Confluence
               by
               Master
               
                 Russel
                 .
                 Aristotle
              
               also
               tells
               of
               a
               Copper
               Mine
               in
               Thalia
               ,
               an
               Island
               of
               the
               Tyrrhen
               Sea
               ,
               which
               being
               wrought
               out
               ,
               turned
               into
               an
               Iron
               Mine
               :
               in
               this
               similitude
               of
               nature
               ,
               we
               cannot
               but
               judge
               that
               there
               is
               a
               similitude
               in
               qualities
               ,
               and
               that
               Iron
               being
               cold
               ,
               Copper
               cannot
               be
               hot
               .
               Temperate
               it
               may
               be
               ,
               because
               less
               astringent
               then
               Iron
               ,
               and
               more
               cleansing
               :
               Rhasis
               saith
               that
               it
               purgeth
               like
               a
               Catharticum
               ,
               and
               in
               his
               continent
               ,
               prescibes
               it
               to
               purge
               water
               in
               Dropsies
               .
               Another
               argument
               that
               all
               purgatives
               are
               not
               hot
               :
               it
               dryeth
               exceedingly
               ,
               and
               attenuates
               and
               digests
               .
               We
               have
               divers
               waters
               which
               participate
               with
               it
               ,
               which
               if
               they
               be
               pure
               from
               Copper
               it self
               ,
               are
               very
               safe
               and
               wholsome
               :
               but
               if
               they
               be
               foul
               ,
               and
               proceed
               from
               the
               excrements
               of
               Copper
               ,
               they
               are
               not
               wholsome
               to
               drink
               .
               
                 Balnea
                 Collensia
                 sen
                 ferina
                 in
                 Martiana
                 Silva
                 ,
              
               do
               consist
               in
               Copper
               and
               Allum
               .
               The
               Bath
               of
               Faberia
               in
               Rhetia
               ,
               of
               Copper
               and
               Gold.
               
                 Aqua
                 de
                 Grotta
                 in
                 agro
                 Viterbiensi
                 ,
              
               is
               full
               of
               Copper
               ;
               so
               is
               
                 Aqua
                 Jasielli
                 ,
                 Balneum
                 Lucense
                 in
                 Valesiis
                 :
                 Marcus
                 Paulus
                 Venetus
                 ,
              
               tells
               us
               of
               a
               greenish
               Fountain
               in
               Persia
               ,
               which
               purgeth
               exceedingly
               ,
               and
               is
               held
               to
               come
               from
               Copper
               .
            
             
               Tin
               and
               Lead
               are
               two
               of
               our
               Staple
               Commodities
               
               which
               our
               Countrey
               yields
               plentifully
               ,
               not
               only
               for
               our
               own
               use
               ,
               but
               to
               supply
               other
               Nations
               .
               
               Tin
               is
               bred
               in
               Cornwall
               ,
               and
               part
               of
               Devonshire
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               Isles
               of
               Scilly
               ,
               which
               from
               thence
               were
               called
               Cassiterides
               .
               It
               is
               melted
               out
               of
               little
               black
               stones
               ,
               which
               the
               Dutch
               call
               Zwitter
               ,
               with
               great
               charge
               ,
               because
               they
               cannot
               melt
               it
               ,
               but
               with
               wood
               coals
               ,
               which
               is
               brought
               them
               far
               off
               ,
               and
               they
               are
               fain
               to
               run
               it
               over
               two
               or
               three
               times
               ,
               before
               they
               can
               get
               out
               all
               the
               Tin
               ,
               and
               yet
               much
               of
               it
               is
               wasted
               in
               the
               blast
               .
               I
               doubt
               not
               but
               it
               might
               be
               done
               with
               Sea-coal
               ,
               if
               they
               knew
               the
               Artifice
               ,
               and
               with
               as
               great
               a
               product
               of
               Tin.
               There
               is
               both
               Silver
               and
               Gold
               found
               in
               it
               ,
               but
               without
               wasting
               of
               the
               Tin
               ,
               we
               know
               no
               means
               to
               sever
               it
               .
               It
               is
               in
               quality
               cold
               and
               dry
               ,
               and
               yet
               moves
               sweat
               abuadantly
               ,
               as
               I
               have
               proved
               .
            
             
               Lead
               is
               melted
               commonly
               out
               of
               an
               Oar
               common
               to
               Silver
               and
               Lead
               ,
               as
               Pliny
               saith
               called
               Galena
               .
               
               And
               although
               Agricola
               saith
               of
               the
               villachar
               Lead
               ,
               that
               it
               holds
               no
               Silver
               ,
               and
               therefore
               fittest
               for
               assayes
               ;
               yet
               
                 Lazarus
                 Erker
              
               contradicts
               it
               out
               of
               his
               own
               experience
               .
               Our
               Countrey
               abounds
               with
               it
               every
               where
               ,
               especially
               at
               the
               Peak
               in
               Darbishire
               ,
               and
               at
               Mendip
               in
               
                 Somersetshire
                 ;
                 Wales
              
               also
               and
               Cornwall
               ,
               and
               Devon
               ,
               are
               full
               of
               it
               ,
               and
               so
               is
               Yorkshire
               and
               Cumberland
               .
               The
               qualities
               of
               it
               are
               cold
               and
               dry
               .
               But
               for
               these
               two
               metals
               ,
               we
               find
               no
               waters
               which
               are
               infected
               with
               them
               .
               In
               Lorain
               ,
               they
               have
               Bathes
               called
               Plumbaria
               ,
               which
               some
               think
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               name
               ,
               to
               proceed
               from
               Lead
               :
               but
               
                 John
                 Bauhinus
              
               thinks
               they
               should
               be
               
               called
               Plumiers
               ,
               as
               Pictorius
               writes
               it
               from
               the
               French
               word
               
                 Plumer
                 ,
                 a
                 deplumando
              
               ,
               because
               they
               are
               so
               hot
               as
               they
               use
               to
               scald
               fowls
               in
               them
               ,
               to
               take
               off
               their
               feathers
               .
               
            
             
               Thus
               much
               for
               metals
               ,
               and
               all
               other
               sorts
               of
               Minerals
               ,
               with
               their
               several
               Natures
               and
               Baths
               infected
               with
               any
               of
               them
               .
               As
               for
               mixed
               bodies
               ,
               and
               flores
               ,
               and
               recrements
               ,
               &c.
               they
               are
               to
               be
               referred
               to
               the
               simple
               bodies
               from
               whence
               they
               proceed
               :
               As
               
                 Tutia
                 ,
                 Pompholix
                 ,
                 Minium
                 ,
                 Cerussa
                 ,
                 Sublimatum
                 ,
                 Praecipitatum
                 ,
              
               &c.
               
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               XI
               .
            
             
               
                 Of
                 the
                 generation
                 of
                 Metals
                 in
                 the
                 Earth
                 ;
                 Their
                 seminary
                 spirit
                 ,
                 That
                 it
                 is
                 not
                 from
                 the
                 Elements
                 .
              
            
             
               NOw
               I
               must
               shew
               the
               generation
               of
               these
               minerals
               in
               the
               bowels
               of
               the
               earth
               ,
               which
               of
               necessity
               we
               must
               understand
               ,
               before
               we
               can
               shew
               the
               reasons
               how
               mineral
               waters
               receive
               either
               their
               actual
               heat
               ,
               or
               their
               virtues
               .
               
            
             
               Some
               have
               imagined
               that
               metals
               and
               minerals
               were
               created
               perfect
               at
               the
               first
               ,
               seeing
               there
               appears
               not
               any
               seed
               of
               them
               manifestly
               ,
               as
               doth
               of
               Animals
               and
               Vegetables
               ;
               and
               seeing
               their
               substances
               are
               not
               so
               fluxible
               ,
               but
               more
               firm
               and
               permanent
               .
               But
               as
               they
               are
               subject
               to
               corruption
               in
               time
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               many
               impurities
               ,
               and
               differing
               parts
               in
               them
               ,
               so
               they
               had
               need
               to
               be
               repaired
               by
               generation
               .
            
             
             
               It
               appears
               in
               Genesis
               ,
               that
               Plants
               were
               not
               created
               perfect
               at
               first
               ,
               but
               only
               in
               their
               Seminaries
               :
               for
               
                 Moses
                 Cap.
              
               2.
               gives
               a
               reason
               why
               Plants
               were
               not
               come
               forth
               of
               the
               earth
               ,
               scil
               .
               because
               (
               as
               Tremelius
               translates
               it
               )
               there
               had
               as
               yet
               neither
               any
               rain
               fallen
               ,
               nor
               any
               dew
               ascended
               from
               the
               earth
               ,
               whereby
               they
               might
               be
               produced
               and
               nourished
               :
               The
               like
               we
               may
               judge
               of
               minerals
               ,
               that
               they
               were
               not
               at
               first
               created
               perfect
               ,
               but
               disposed
               of
               in
               such
               sort
               ,
               as
               they
               should
               perpetuate
               themselves
               in
               their
               several
               kinds
               .
               
               Wherefore
               it
               hath
               ever
               been
               a
               received
               Axiome
               among
               the
               best
               Philosophers
               ,
               that
               minerals
               are
               generated
               ,
               and
               experience
               hath
               confirmed
               it
               in
               all
               kinds
               .
               Our
               Salt-peeter
               men
               find
               that
               when
               they
               have
               extracted
               Salt-peeter
               out
               of
               a
               floor
               of
               earth
               one
               year
               ,
               within
               three
               or
               four
               years
               after
               ,
               they
               find
               more
               Salt-peeter
               generated
               there
               ,
               and
               do
               work
               it
               over
               again
               .
               The
               like
               is
               observed
               in
               Allum
               and
               Copperass
               .
            
             
               As
               for
               metals
               ,
               our
               Tinners
               in
               Cornewall
               have
               experience
               of
               Pits
               which
               have
               been
               filled
               up
               with
               earth
               after
               they
               have
               wrought
               out
               all
               the
               Tin
               they
               could
               find
               in
               them
               ;
               and
               within
               thirty
               years
               they
               have
               opened
               them
               again
               ,
               and
               found
               more
               Tin
               generated
               .
               The
               like
               hath
               been
               observed
               in
               Iron
               ,
               
               as
               
                 Gaudentius
                 Merula
              
               reports
               of
               Ilva
               ,
               an
               Island
               in
               the
               Adriatick
               Sea
               ,
               under
               the
               Venetians
               ,
               where
               the
               Iron
               breeds
               continually
               as
               fast
               as
               they
               can
               work
               it
               ,
               which
               is
               confirmed
               also
               by
               Agricola
               and
               Baccius
               ;
               and
               by
               Virgil
               who
               saith
               〈◊〉
               it
               ,
               
               
                 
                 
                   Insula
                   inexhaustis
                   Chalybum
                   generos
                   a
                   matallis
                   ;
                
              
               
                 
                   Brave
                   Ilva
                   Isle
                   ,
                   whose
                   teeming
                   womb
                   ,
                
                 
                   Breeds
                   Iron
                   till
                   the
                   day
                   of
                   Doom
                   .
                
              
            
             
               The
               like
               we
               read
               of
               at
               Saga
               in
               Lygiis
               ,
               where
               they
               dig
               over
               their
               Iron-mines
               every
               tenth
               year
               .
               
               
                 John
                 Mathesius
              
               gives
               us
               examples
               almost
               of
               all
               sorts
               of
               minerals
               and
               metals
               which
               he
               hath
               observed
               to
               grow
               and
               regenerate
               .
               The
               like
               examples
               you
               may
               find
               in
               
                 Leonardus
                 Thurneiserus
                 .
                 Erastus
              
               affirms
               that
               he
               did
               see
               in
               S.
               Joachims
               dale
               ,
               silver
               grown
               upon
               a
               beam
               of
               wood
               ,
               which
               was
               placed
               in
               the
               pit
               to
               support
               the
               works
               :
               and
               when
               it
               was
               rotten
               ,
               the
               workmen
               coming
               to
               set
               new
               timber
               in
               the
               place
               ,
               sound
               the
               silver
               sticking
               to
               the
               old
               beam
               .
               
               Also
               he
               reports
               that
               in
               Germany
               ,
               there
               hath
               been
               unripe
               and
               unconcocted
               silver
               found
               in
               Mines
               ,
               which
               the
               best
               workmen
               affirmed
               ,
               would
               become
               perfect
               silver
               in
               thirty
               years
               .
               The
               
                 like
                 Modestinus
                 Fachius
              
               ,
               and
               Mathesius
               affirm
               of
               unripe
               and
               liquid
               silver
               ;
               which
               when
               the
               workmen
               find
               ,
               they
               use
               to
               say
               ,
               
                 We
                 are
                 come
                 too
                 soon
              
               .
               
               But
               I
               need
               not
               produce
               any
               more
               proofs
               for
               this
               purpose
               ,
               as
               I
               could
               out
               of
               Agricola
               and
               Libavins
               ,
               and
               others
               ,
               seeing
               our
               best
               Philosophers
               ,
               both
               antient
               and
               modern
               ,
               do
               acknowledge
               that
               all
               minerals
               are
               generated
               .
               
               The
               manner
               of
               generation
               of
               minerals
               and
               metals
               ,
               is
               the
               same
               in
               all
               ,
               as
               is
               agreed
               upon
               both
               by
               Plato
               and
               Aristotle
               ,
               and
               ●heophrastus
               .
            
             
               And
               as
               the
               manner
               of
               generation
               of
               minerals
               is
               alike
               in
               all
               ,
               so
               it
               differs
               from
               the
               generation
               of
               
               animate
               bodies
               ,
               whether
               animals
               or
               vegetables
               ,
               in
               this
               ,
               that
               having
               no
               seed
               ,
               they
               have
               no
               power
               or
               instinct
               of
               producing
               other
               individuals
               ,
               but
               have
               their
               species
               perpetuated
               
                 per
                 virtutem
                 seu
                 spiritum
                 semini
                 analogum
                 ,
              
               by
               a
               spiritual
               substance
               proportionable
               to
               seed
               ,
               which
               is
               not
               resident
               in
               every
               individual
               ,
               as
               it
               is
               in
               aimals
               and
               plants
               ,
               which
               Moses
               saith
               have
               their
               seeds
               in
               themselves
               ,
               but
               in
               their
               proper
               wombs
               .
               
               This
               is
               the
               judgement
               of
               
                 Petrus
                 Severinus
              
               ,
               howsoever
               he
               doth
               obscure
               it
               by
               his
               Platonical
               grandiloquence
               .
               
               And
               as
               there
               is
               not
               
                 Vacuum
                 in
                 Corporibus
              
               ,
               so
               much
               less
               in
               Speciebus
               :
               For
               that
               the
               Species
               are
               perpetuated
               by
               new
               generations
               ,
               is
               most
               certain
               ,
               and
               proved
               bofore
               :
               that
               it
               is
               not
               out
               of
               the
               seeds
               of
               individuals
               ,
               is
               evident
               by
               this
               ,
               that
               if
               minerals
               do
               not
               assimulate
               nourishment
               by
               attraction
               ,
               retention
               ,
               concoction
               ,
               expulsion
               ,
               &c.
               for
               the
               maintenance
               of
               their
               own
               individual
               bodies
               ,
               much
               less
               are
               they
               able
               to
               breed
               a
               superfluity
               of
               nourishment
               for
               seed
               .
               And
               how
               can
               they
               attract
               and
               concoct
               nourishment
               ,
               and
               expel
               excrements
               ,
               which
               have
               no
               veins
               nor
               fibres
               ,
               nor
               any
               distinct
               parts
               to
               perform
               these
               Offices
               withal
               ?
               Moreover
               they
               are
               not
               increased
               as
               Plants
               are
               ,
               by
               nourishment
               ,
               whereas
               the
               parts
               already
               generated
               ,
               are
               extended
               in
               all
               proportions
               by
               the
               ingression
               of
               nutriment
               ,
               which
               sills
               and
               enlarges
               them
               :
               but
               only
               are
               augmented
               externally
               upon
               the
               superficies
               ,
               by
               super-addition
               of
               new
               matter
               concocted
               by
               the
               same
               virtue
               and
               spirit
               ,
               into
               the
               same
               Species
               .
               
            
             
               Thus
               much
               for
               the
               manner
               of
               all
               mineral
               generations
               ,
               which
               is
               not
               much
               controverted
               :
               the
               
               chief
               difference
               is
               about
               the
               efficient
               and
               the
               matter
               .
               About
               the
               efficient
               cause
               of
               generations
               (
               for
               we
               must
               handle
               them
               all
               together
               )
               there
               are
               divers
               opinions
               ,
               as
               there
               are
               divers
               causes
               which
               concur
               to
               all
               generations
               of
               animals
               ,
               vegetables
               or
               minerals
               .
               But
               there
               must
               be
               one
               principal
               efficient
               cause
               ,
               to
               give
               the
               form
               to
               all
               Species
               ,
               as
               thee
               are
               other
               adjuvant
               and
               attending
               causes
               :
               The
               principal
               cause
               and
               agent
               in
               this
               work
               ,
               is
               by
               most
               attributed
               to
               the
               influence
               of
               the
               Planets
               ,
               especially
               to
               the
               Sun
               ,
               who
               either
               by
               his
               light
               ,
               or
               by
               his
               heat
               ,
               doth
               frame
               the
               species
               of
               all
               things
               ,
               and
               so
               of
               minerals
               ,
               but
               chiefly
               in
               regard
               of
               his
               heat
               .
               
               This
               heat
               working
               upon
               apt
               matter
               ,
               is
               thought
               to
               produce
               the
               several
               species
               which
               we
               see
               .
               As
               for
               the
               motion
               of
               the
               Planets
               ,
               it
               is
               certain
               that
               they
               move
               continually
               in
               a
               constant
               order
               ,
               and
               the
               World
               could
               not
               subsist
               as
               it
               doth
               without
               it
               so
               as
               it
               may
               be
               
                 cans
                 a
                 sine
                 qua
                 non
              
               ;
               a
               very
               remote
               cause
               ,
               as
               there
               may
               be
               a
               hundred
               more
               causes
               of
               that
               nature
               .
               So
               likewise
               the
               light
               ,
               which
               the
               Peripateticks
               make
               the
               instrument
               of
               coelestial
               effects
               ,
               can
               do
               as
               little
               to
               the
               furtherance
               of
               generations
               ,
               seeing
               they
               proceed
               as
               well
               by
               night
               as
               by
               day
               :
               and
               for
               minerals
               ,
               it
               is
               perpetual
               night
               with
               them
               ,
               the
               density
               of
               the
               earth
               and
               rocks
               not
               suffering
               the
               light
               to
               pass
               .
               Wherefore
               they
               insist
               chiefly
               upon
               the
               heat
               of
               the
               Sun
               :
               but
               Moses
               tells
               us
               that
               Plants
               were
               created
               with
               their
               seeds
               in
               themselves
               upon
               the
               third
               day
               ,
               before
               the
               Planets
               ,
               which
               were
               not
               created
               till
               the
               fourth
               day
               ;
               the
               shew
               us
               that
               Plants
               and
               terrestrial
               substances
               depend
               not
               upon
               Planets
               for
               their
               generations
               ,
               
               nor
               for
               their
               virtues
               ,
               but
               have
               the
               prin
               
               cipal
               causes
               of
               them
               in
               themselves
               .
               The
               same
               we
               may
               judge
               of
               minerals
               ,
               being
               terrestrial
               substances
               ,
               and
               propagated
               by
               seeds
               ,
               as
               Plants
               are
               ,
               and
               likely
               to
               be
               created
               upon
               the
               same
               day
               with
               Plants
               ,
               seeing
               there
               is
               no
               other
               mention
               of
               their
               creation
               in
               Moses
               .
            
             
               Now
               for
               the
               heat
               of
               the
               Sun
               ,
               no
               doubt
               it
               is
               an
               universal
               fosterer
               of
               all
               inferior
               substances
               :
               but
               that
               it
               should
               beget
               particular
               Species
               ,
               is
               very
               improbable
               .
               The
               heat
               of
               the
               Sun
               is
               no
               more
               apt
               to
               breed
               a
               Nettle
               than
               a
               Dock
               ,
               Brimstone
               than
               Salt
               ,
               &c.
               
               For
               it
               cannot
               give
               the
               essence
               to
               any
               thing
               :
               heat
               being
               only
               a
               quality
               which
               can
               breed
               no
               substance
               ,
               and
               such
               a
               quality
               as
               can
               only
               segregate
               heterogeneral
               substances
               ;
               and
               thereby
               congregate
               homogeneal
               .
               Whereas
               in
               all
               generations
               there
               must
               be
               a
               further
               power
               and
               virtue
               ,
               to
               proportion
               the
               Elements
               fit
               for
               every
               Species
               (
               if
               they
               will
               have
               all
               things
               made
               of
               the
               Elements
               )
               and
               to
               bring
               the
               Species
               form
               a
               potential
               being
               to
               an
               actual
               ,
               giving
               to
               every
               thing
               his
               proper
               shape
               ,
               quantity
               ,
               colour
               ,
               smell
               ,
               taste
               ,
               &c.
               and
               to
               unite
               them
               ,
               which
               before
               were
               of
               different
               natures
               :
               It
               must
               be
               an
               internal
               and
               domestical
               agent
               ,
               and
               efficient
               cause
               which
               must
               perform
               this
               :
               and
               such
               a
               one
               as
               is
               not
               common
               to
               all
               Species
               alike
               ,
               but
               proper
               to
               that
               which
               it
               produceth
               :
               otherwise
               there
               would
               be
               no
               distinction
               ,
               of
               Species
               .
               
               And
               therefore
               Moses
               saith
               of
               Plants
               ,
               that
               they
               have
               their
               seeds
               in
               themselves
               ,
               according
               to
               their
               seyeral
               kinds
               .
               Neither
               can
               any
               external
               cause
               give
               an
               essential
               form
               to
               any
               thing
               ,
               which
               form
               must
               be
               
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
              
               ,
               inbred
               in
               the
               thing
               it self
               ,
               and
               not
               adventitious
               .
               And
               therefore
               Scaliger
               
               saith
               ,
               
                 Formae
                 ,
                 non
                 Solis
                 est
                 quantitatem
                 terminare
                 ,
              
               and
               
                 Aristotle
                 ,
                 Calore
                 natura
                 utitur
                 tanquam
                 ministro
                 aut
                 instrumento
                 ,
                 non
                 tanquam
                 opifice
                 aut
                 legislatore
                 .
              
               Wherefore
               we
               will
               grant
               the
               Sun
               to
               be
               an
               adjuvant
               cause
               ,
               and
               by
               his
               heat
               to
               foster
               and
               cherish
               inferiour
               generations
               :
               but
               not
               to
               be
               a
               principal
               and
               begetting
               cause
               .
               And
               so
               Zabarella
               doth
               mollisie
               the
               harshness
               of
               the
               former
               opinion
               :
               and
               doth
               acknowledge
               that
               the
               Sun
               doth
               further
               generations
               only
               as
               an
               instrument
               of
               another
               superiour
               power
               ,
               whereby
               in
               minerals
               it
               may
               make
               the
               matter
               more
               apt
               to
               receive
               the
               form
               ,
               but
               it
               makes
               no
               minerals
               ,
               no
               more
               then
               it
               makes
               blood
               in
               our
               bodies
               .
               
            
             
               Others
               make
               the
               Elements
               to
               be
               the
               principal
               causes
               of
               all
               species
               by
               their
               qualities
               .
               
               For
               the
               matter
               of
               the
               Elements
               ,
               being
               a
               passive
               matter
               ,
               cannot
               be
               an
               efficient
               cause
               of
               generations
               .
               These
               qualities
               must
               be
               heat
               or
               cold
               :
               for
               the
               other
               two
               are
               passive
               ,
               and
               attend
               rather
               upon
               the
               matter
               of
               generations
               ,
               then
               upon
               the
               efficient
               .
               Fire
               therefore
               by
               his
               heat
               is
               thought
               of
               all
               the
               Elements
               to
               have
               the
               greatest
               hand
               in
               all
               generations
               ,
               being
               most
               active
               and
               superiour
               to
               all
               the
               rest
               of
               the
               Elements
               together
               ,
               for
               the
               generation
               of
               every
               Species
               ,
               and
               rank
               them
               in
               due
               order
               ,
               proportion
               ,
               weight
               ,
               measure
               ,
               &c.
               
               This
               is
               he
               than
               must
               reconcile
               the
               differences
               which
               are
               in
               their
               natures
               ,
               and
               bring
               them
               to
               union
               .
               This
               must
               attract
               nourishment
               ,
               and
               prescribe
               the
               quantities
               ,
               dimensions
               ,
               parts
               ,
               figures
               ,
               colours
               ,
               tastes
               ,
               savours
               ,
               &c.
               of
               every
               thing
               .
               A
               large
               Province
               he
               hath
               to
               govern
               ,
               with
               one
               naked
               and
               simple
               quality
               ,
               which
               can
               have
               but
               one
               
               simple
               motion
               .
               
                 Simplicibus
                 corporibus
                 simplices
                 tantum
                 motus
                 congruunt
                 .
              
               Heat
               can
               but
               heat
               ,
               and
               the
               effects
               of
               this
               heat
               are
               by
               separation
               of
               different
               substances
               ,
               
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
              
               to
               congregate
               those
               that
               are
               alike
               ,
               
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
              
               :
               But
               in
               this
               work
               we
               make
               heat
               to
               unite
               differing
               substances
               :
               for
               all
               generation
               is
               of
               differing
               substances
               united
               into
               one
               .
               Again
               ,
               fire
               having
               but
               one
               quality
               to
               work
               withall
               ,
               whereby
               he
               must
               unite
               the
               other
               three
               Elements
               ,
               what
               shall
               bring
               and
               unite
               fire
               unto
               them
               ?
               This
               must
               be
               another
               power
               superiour
               to
               them
               all
               ,
               for
               we
               must
               not
               imagine
               that
               they
               meet
               by
               chance
               as
               travellers
               do
               .
               And
               therefore
               Aristotle
               explodes
               this
               efficient
               of
               fire
               ,
               and
               attributes
               it
               to
               the
               forms
               of
               natural
               things
               .
               
            
             
               As
               for
               cold
               in
               the
               other
               Elements
               ,
               it
               is
               far
               more
               unlikely
               then
               heat
               ,
               to
               perform
               these
               offices
               ,
               being
               rather
               a
               distructive
               ,
               then
               a
               generative
               quality
               ,
               and
               is
               not
               called
               in
               by
               any
               Author
               to
               this
               work
               ,
               before
               the
               species
               have
               received
               his
               form
               by
               heat
               :
               and
               then
               it
               is
               admitted
               only
               for
               consolidation
               ,
               but
               how
               justly
               ,
               it
               is
               doubtfull
               :
               for
               heat
               doth
               consolidate
               as
               well
               as
               cold
               ,
               by
               drying
               up
               moisture
               .
               But
               we
               will
               not
               grant
               this
               to
               either
               of
               them
               ,
               as
               principal
               Agents
               ,
               but
               as
               they
               are
               instruments
               attending
               the
               forms
               of
               natural
               things
               .
            
             
               The
               Alchymists
               make
               Sulphur
               to
               be
               the
               principal
               efficient
               of
               all
               minerals
               ,
               especially
               of
               metals
               ,
               and
               Mercury
               the
               matter
               .
               If
               they
               mean
               common
               Sulphur
               and
               Mercury
               ,
               which
               are
               perfect
               Species
               in
               their
               kinds
               ,
               they
               are
               much
               deceived
               ,
               and
               this
               opinion
               is
               sufficiently
               confuted
               by
               all
               that
               oppugne
               them
               .
               But
               it
               seems
               
               they
               understand
               some
               parts
               in
               the
               seminary
               of
               metals
               which
               have
               some
               analogy
               with
               these
               :
               and
               so
               their
               opinion
               may
               be
               allowed
               .
               For
               the
               spirit
               ,
               which
               is
               the
               efficient
               in
               these
               generations
               ,
               doth
               reside
               in
               a
               material
               substance
               ,
               which
               may
               be
               resembled
               to
               Sulphur
               or
               Oyle
               ,
               as
               some
               other
               part
               may
               be
               resembled
               to
               Mercury
               .
               For
               all
               generations
               are
               framed
               of
               different
               parts
               united
               by
               this
               Spirit
               .
               Thus
               much
               of
               the
               different
               opinions
               concerning
               the
               efficient
               of
               all
               generations
               ,
               and
               in
               particular
               of
               minerals
               .
               The
               matter
               whereof
               minerals
               are
               bred
               ,
               is
               attributed
               chiefly
               to
               the
               Elements
               ,
               as
               the
               general
               matter
               of
               all
               animate
               and
               inanimate
               bodies
               :
               insomuch
               as
               both
               the
               heavens
               ,
               and
               the
               very
               souls
               of
               men
               are
               made
               to
               proceed
               from
               the
               Elements
               .
            
             
               Concerning
               the
               Heavens
               ,
               it
               hath
               been
               the
               ancient
               opinion
               of
               the
               
                 Platonicks
                 ,
                 Pythagoreans
              
               ,
               and
               Epicureans
               ,
               that
               not
               only
               these
               inferiour
               bodies
               ,
               but
               also
               the
               coelestial
               ,
               have
               been
               framed
               out
               of
               the
               Elements
               .
               
               Plato
               speaking
               of
               the
               heavens
               ,
               saith
               ,
               
                 Divini
                 decoris
                 ratio
                 postulabat
                 talem
                 fieri
                 mundum
                 ,
                 qui
                 &
                 visum
                 pateretur
                 &
                 tactum
                 .
                 Sine
                 igne
                 videri
                 nil
                 potest
                 ,
                 fine
                 sulido
                 nil
                 tangi
                 :
                 solidum
                 sine
                 terra
                 nibil
                 .
              
               Wherefore
               holding
               the
               heavees
               to
               be
               visible
               and
               solid
               ,
               they
               must
               be
               made
               of
               the
               Elements
               .
               The
               Pythagoreans
               ,
               and
               the
               Brachmanni
               of
               India
               held
               the
               same
               opinion
               of
               the
               Heavens
               :
               where
               
                 Apollonius
                 Tyanaeus
              
               was
               instructed
               in
               all
               the
               Pythagorean
               Doctrine
               ,
               as
               Philostratus
               reports
               .
               
               The
               Epicureans
               also
               were
               of
               the
               same
               opinion
               ,
               as
               appears
               in
               Virgil
               ,
               
               where
               he
               brings
               in
               Sil●nus
               ,
               one
               of
               the
               sect
               ,
               and
               one
               of
               Bacchus
               his
               crew
               ,
               singing
               in
               this
               manner
               ,
               
               
                 
                   Namque
                   canebat
                   ,
                   uti
                   magnum
                   perinane
                   coacta
                
                 
                   Semina
                   ,
                   terrarumque
                   ,
                   animaeque
                   marisque
                   fuissent
                   ,
                
                 
                   Et
                   liquidi
                   simul
                   ignis
                   :
                   ut
                   his
                   exordia
                   primis
                
                 
                   Omnia
                   ,
                   &
                   ipse
                   tener
                   mundi
                   concreverit
                   orbis
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Silenus
                   sung
                   ,
                   how
                   through
                   the
                   Chaos
                   vast
                   ,
                
                 
                   The
                   seeds
                   were
                   set
                   of
                   Earth
                   ,
                   of
                   Air
                   ,
                   of
                   Seas
                   ,
                
                 
                   Of
                   purest
                   fire
                   :
                   how
                   out
                   of
                   these
                   at
                   last
                   ,
                
                 
                   All
                   things
                   have
                   sprung
                   ,
                   and
                   also
                   out
                   of
                   these
                
                 
                   The
                   infant
                   world
                   was
                   moulded
                   .
                
              
            
             
               Of
               this
               opinion
               also
               was
               
                 Lucretius
                 ,
                 Philo
                 Jidoens
                 ,
                 Valesius
                 ,
              
               &c.
               although
               Valesius
               doth
               make
               more
               pure
               Elements
               for
               the
               Heavens
               then
               ours
               .
               
               Aristotle
               forsook
               his
               Master
               Plato
               in
               this
               point
               ,
               and
               frames
               the
               Heavens
               of
               a
               quintessential
               substance
               .
            
             
               But
               howsoever
               the
               Heavens
               may
               participate
               with
               elementary
               qualities
               ,
               and
               be
               subject
               to
               generation
               and
               corruption
               in
               their
               parts
               ;
               yet
               me
               thinks
               they
               should
               exempt
               our
               soals
               from
               this
               original
               ,
               and
               not
               make
               them
               out
               of
               the
               fragment
               of
               the
               Elements
               .
            
             
               Scaliger
               inveys
               against
               
                 Alexander
                 Aphr●disiensis
              
               ,
               for
               this
               opinion
               ,
               and
               saith
               that
               he
               had
               poysoned
               our
               Philosophy
               herein
               :
               
                 Venenav●●hanc
                 Philosophiae
                 partem
              
               .
               So
               both
               he
               and
               others
               derive
               the
               sense
               ,
               motion
               ,
               understanding
               ,
               growth
               ,
               and
               the
               natural
               faculties
               of
               our
               souls
               ,
               and
               the
               peculiar
               properties
               of
               every
               thing
               ,
               from
               this
               original
               ,
               
                 turpissimo
                 errore
              
               ,
               as
               Severinus
               saith
               .
               
               And
               Scaliger
               in
               another
               place
               concerning
               this
               :
               
                 D●
                 intelleclu
                 &
                 ratione
                 ipsaque
                 anima
                 quae
                 ●ontaminarunt
                 
                 istoe
                 nebuloe
                 Aphrodisienses
                 ,
                 &
                 pudet
                 dicere
                 &
                 piget
                 meminisse
                 .
              
               I
               am
               ashamed
               to
               speak
               ,
               and
               grieved
               to
               think
               how
               this
               Aphrodisiensis
               hath
               polluted
               our
               reason
               and
               understanding
               ,
               and
               our
               very
               souls
               with
               his
               foggy
               doctrine
               ,
               in
               ascribing
               all
               these
               unto
               the
               Elements
               .
               By
               the
               same
               reason
               they
               may
               ascribe
               the
               barking
               of
               Doggs
               ,
               the
               singing
               of
               Birds
               ,
               the
               laughing
               and
               speech
               of
               men
               ,
               to
               the
               Elements
               .
               Their
               opinion
               is
               more
               probable
               ,
               which
               hold
               ,
               
                 animam
                 ex
                 traduce
              
               ,
               and
               to
               be
               communicated
               as
               one
               light
               to
               another
               :
               as
               
                 Timoth.
                 Bright
              
               proves
               in
               
                 Physicam
                 Scribonii
              
               ,
               and
               not
               to
               ascribe
               it
               to
               the
               Elements
               .
               nor
               to
               miracles
               ,
               or
               new
               creations
               .
               But
               there
               is
               far
               more
               reason
               to
               derive
               from
               the
               Elements
               ,
               the
               tastes
               ,
               colours
               ,
               smells
               ,
               sigures
               ,
               numbers
               ,
               quantities
               ,
               orders
               ,
               dimensions
               ,
               &c.
               which
               appear
               more
               in
               corporal
               substances
               ,
               and
               yet
               these
               are
               not
               from
               the
               Elements
               .
               For
               how
               can
               they
               give
               these
               affections
               to
               other
               things
               ,
               when
               they
               have
               them
               not
               themselves
               ?
               
                 Si
                 non
                 est
                 ab
                 elementis
                 gustare
                 ,
                 quare
                 sit
                 gustari
              
               ?
               What
               taste
               have
               any
               of
               these
               Elements
               ?
               Fire
               or
               heat
               which
               is
               the
               most
               active
               Element
               ,
               hath
               none
               .
               And
               whereas
               it
               is
               thought
               ,
               that
               bittterness
               proceeds
               from
               heat
               ,
               we
               find
               that
               many
               sharp
               and
               tar●fruits
               ,
               being
               also
               very
               bitter
               before
               they
               are
               ripe
               ,
               (
               as
               Olives
               for
               example
               )
               yet
               let
               them
               hang
               upon
               the
               tree
               till
               they
               be
               ripe
               ,
               and
               they
               lose
               their
               bitterness
               ,
               and
               also
               their
               sharpness
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               their
               better
               concoction
               by
               heat
               .
               The
               like
               difference
               wefind
               between
               our
               
                 oleum
                 omphacinum
              
               ,
               and
               therpe
               oyle
               .
               So
               likewise
               opium
               ,
               which
               is
               held
               to
               be
               very
               cold
               ,
               yet
               it
               is
               extream
               bitter
               ,
               so
               as
               the
               cold
               
               parts
               in
               it
               are
               not
               able
               to
               master
               the
               bitterness
               ,
               but
               this
               is
               still
               predominant
               :
               wherefore
               heat
               can
               be
               no
               cause
               of
               bitterness
               ,
               unless
               it
               be
               in
               excess
               or
               defect
               ,
               as
               Scaliger
               confesseth
               .
               Wormwood
               is
               very
               bitter
               ,
               being
               hot
               and
               dry
               in
               the
               second
               or
               third
               degree
               :
               if
               heat
               were
               the
               cause
               of
               it
               ,
               then
               all
               other
               simples
               which
               are
               hot
               and
               dry
               in
               the
               same
               degree
               ,
               should
               be
               also
               bitter
               .
               As
               I
               have
               said
               of
               tastes
               ,
               so
               I
               may
               say
               of
               all
               the
               other
               affections
               of
               natural
               things
               ,
               that
               they
               proceed
               not
               form
               the
               Elements
               ,
               but
               from
               the
               seeds
               and
               forms
               of
               every
               thing
               .
               So
               for
               fat
               and
               unctuous
               substances
               ,
               as
               Sulphur
               ,
               Bitumen
               ,
               Oyle
               ,
               Grease
               ,
               &c.
               unto
               what
               Element
               shall
               we
               ascribe
               them
               ?
               Not
               unto
               fire
               ,
               because
               this
               is
               extream
               hot
               and
               dry
               ,
               that
               is
               temperate
               in
               heat
               ,
               and
               very
               moist
               .
               Moreover
               ,
               fire
               would
               rather
               consume
               it
               ,
               then
               generate
               it
               :
               and
               Physitians
               judge
               the
               generation
               of
               fat
               in
               our
               bodies
               to
               proceed
               rather
               from
               cold
               ,
               then
               from
               heat
               .
               Air
               ,
               if
               it
               have
               any
               ingenerate
               quality
               ,
               as
               some
               do
               make
               doubt
               out
               of
               Aristotle
               it
               is
               cold
               and
               moist
               ,
               as
               I
               have
               shewed
               before
               ,
               cap.
               2
               &
               5.
               
               and
               therefore
               as
               it
               cannot
               agree
               with
               fire
               ,
               nor
               be
               a
               fuel
               to
               it
               ,
               so
               it
               cannot
               be
               any
               material
               cause
               of
               fat
               ,
               or
               oylie
               substance
               :
               being
               more
               agreeable
               to
               water
               ,
               from
               whence
               it
               is
               thought
               to
               be
               made
               by
               rarifaction
               ,
               and
               into
               which
               it
               is
               thought
               to
               be
               reduced
               by
               condensation
               .
               Wherefore
               being
               of
               a
               watry
               nature
               ,
               it
               cannot
               agree
               with
               oyle
               or
               fatness
               ,
               nor
               be
               the
               matter
               of
               it
               .
               The
               like
               we
               may
               judge
               of
               water
               ,
               which
               doth
               terminate
               both
               water
               and
               air
               ,
               and
               therefore
               must
               be
               opposite
               to
               them
               both
               .
               As
               for
               earth
               ,
               being
               cold
               and
               dry
               ,
               and
               solid
               ,
               it
               cannot
               be
               the
               
               matter
               of
               this
               which
               is
               temperate
               ,
               and
               moist
               ,
               and
               liquid
               ;
               Neither
               can
               all
               the
               Elements
               together
               make
               this
               substance
               ,
               seeing
               there
               is
               no
               unctuousness
               in
               any
               of
               them
               ,
               and
               they
               can
               give
               no
               more
               then
               they
               have
               .
               So
               as
               I
               cannot
               see
               how
               this
               oylie
               substance
               ,
               which
               is
               very
               common
               in
               all
               natural
               things
               ,
               and
               wherein
               the
               chief
               faculties
               of
               every
               thing
               doth
               reside
               ,
               as
               their
               
                 humidum
                 radicale
              
               ,
               should
               be
               from
               the
               Elements
               .
            
             
               So
               likewise
               for
               the
               substance
               wherewith
               every
               thing
               is
               nourished
               and
               increased
               ,
               and
               into
               which
               every
               thing
               is
               resolved
               ,
               it
               appears
               not
               how
               it
               should
               be
               from
               the
               Elements
               .
               
               Hypocrates
               ,
               of
               whom
               Macrobius
               saith
               ,
               
                 Nec
                 fallere
                 nec
                 falli
                 p●tuit
              
               ,
               hath
               two
               notable
               axioms
               for
               the
               clearing
               of
               this
               point
               .
               The
               one
               is
               
                 Vnumquong
                 ;
                 in
                 id
                 dissolvitur
                 unde
                 compactum
                 est
                 .
              
               
               Every
               thing
               is
               dissolved
               into
               that
               whereof
               it
               was
               made
               .
               The
               other
               .
               
                 Iisdem
                 untrimur
                 ex
                 quibus
                 constamus
              
               ,
               we
               are
               nourished
               by
               such
               things
               as
               we
               consist
               of
               .
               
               Aristotle
               also
               hath
               the
               same
               .
               If
               this
               axiom
               be
               true
               ,
               as
               I
               hold
               it
               to
               be
               ,
               and
               I
               know
               none
               that
               contradict
               it
               ,
               then
               we
               must
               consist
               of
               such
               things
               as
               we
               are
               nourished
               withall
               .
               But
               we
               are
               not
               nourished
               by
               the
               Elements
               ,
               and
               therefore
               we
               consist
               not
               of
               them
               .
               Fire
               nourisheth
               nothing
               ,
               water
               nourisheth
               not
               ,
               as
               Physicians
               conse●s
               :
               Air
               is
               too
               thin
               a
               substance
               ,
               and
               Earth
               to
               thick
               .
               And
               as
               they
               do
               not
               nourish
               them
               when
               they
               are
               single
               ,
               so
               being
               compounded
               ,
               they
               can
               do
               as
               little
               .
               
               Aristotle
               saith
               that
               some
               Plants
               are
               nourished
               with
               water
               alone
               ,
               some
               with
               earth
               alone
               ,
               and
               some
               with
               both
               together
               .
               But
               if
               earth
               and
               water
               be
               mixed
               for
               our
               nourishment
               ,
               they
               making
               
               but
               mud
               ,
               would
               make
               us
               have
               muddy
               brains
               .
               We
               will
               grant
               the
               Elements
               to
               be
               
                 matrices
                 rerum
                 naturalium
              
               ,
               the
               wombs
               and
               nurses
               of
               natural
               things
               ,
               but
               we
               will
               not
               grant
               them
               to
               be
               material
               causes
               .
               Neither
               can
               we
               attribute
               more
               dignity
               unto
               them
               ,
               then
               we
               do
               to
               our
               Mothers
               ,
               who
               depart
               from
               their
               substance
               whereof
               they
               consist
               ,
               as
               flesh
               ,
               bones
               ,
               sinews
               ,
               veins
               ,
               arteries
               ,
               &c.
               to
               the
               nourishment
               of
               their
               Infants
               ,
               but
               only
               prepare
               blood
               for
               them
               ,
               from
               the
               nutriments
               which
               they
               receive
               .
               And
               all
               the
               Elements
               in
               the
               world
               cannot
               make
               this
               blood
               ,
               neither
               as
               the
               matter
               nor
               as
               the
               efficient
               .
               But
               as
               the
               Mother
               is
               furnished
               with
               blood
               to
               nourish
               the
               Infant
               ,
               and
               with
               convenient
               heat
               to
               foster
               it
               withall
               ,
               so
               are
               the
               Elements
               stored
               with
               all
               manner
               of
               matter
               sit
               for
               all
               generations
               :
               so
               as
               the
               seeds
               or
               forms
               of
               natural
               things
               ,
               will
               never
               want
               matter
               to
               nourish
               them
               ,
               nor
               will
               ever
               want
               forms
               .
               So
               that
               it
               is
               manifest
               that
               if
               natural
               bodies
               be
               not
               nourished
               by
               the
               Elements
               ,
               they
               are
               not
               compounded
               of
               them
               :
               but
               being
               nourished
               by
               other
               substances
               then
               the
               Elements
               ,
               they
               must
               be
               compounded
               of
               the
               like
               ;
               
                 Simile
                 simili
                 nutritur
                 :
                 composit
                 a
                 compos●●
                 constant
                 &
                 nutriuntur
                 .
              
            
             
               Thus
               much
               for
               the
               Genesis
               or
               generation
               and
               naration
               of
               natural
               things
               ,
               that
               thereby
               we
               cannot
               gather
               that
               they
               are
               either
               mad
               or
               nourished
               by
               the
               Elements
               .
               Now
               let
               us
               examine
               whether
               by
               the
               Analysis
               or
               dissolution
               of
               them
               ,
               we
               may
               find
               the
               four
               Elements
               ,
               according
               to
               the
               former
               axiome
               ,
               that
               every
               thing
               is
               dissolved
               into
               that
               whereof
               it
               was
               made
               ,
               and
               is
               made
               of
               than
               whereinto
               it
               is
               dissolved
               ,
               as
               
                 Aristotle
                 ,
                 Hypocrates
              
               ,
               
               and
               Galen
               do
               affirm
               .
               So
               that
               if
               the
               Elements
               enter
               into
               the
               composition
               of
               natural
               things
               ,
               especially
               as
               the
               principal
               materials
               whereof
               they
               consist
               ,
               they
               must
               needs
               appear
               in
               the
               dissolution
               of
               them
               .
               This
               dissolution
               is
               either
               natural
               or
               artificial
               .
               In
               the
               natural
               dissolution
               of
               all
               things
               ,
               Hypocrates
               observes
               three
               distinct
               substances
               ,
               
                 calidum
                 ,
                 humidum
                 sive
                 fluidum
                 ,
                 &
                 siccum
                 five
                 solidum
                 ,
              
               according
               to
               the
               three
               Elements
               or
               principles
               where
               of
               they
               are
               framed
               .
               His
               instance
               is
               principally
               man
               ,
               but
               he
               ●ffirms
               it
               to
               hold
               in
               other
               animate
               and
               inanimate
               bodies
               .
               
               These
               Elements
               he
               termeth
               
                 continen●●a
                 ,
                 contenta
                 &
                 impetum
                 facientia
                 ,
              
               as
               Galen
               exbounds
               it
               .
               Those
               which
               he
               calls
               continentia
               ,
               〈◊〉
               bones
               ,
               nerves
               ,
               veins
               ,
               arteries
               ,
               and
               from
               ●hence
               ,
               muscles
               ,
               &c.
               
               Contenta
               are
               
                 humida
                 ,
                 or
                 humores
              
               ,
               blood
               ;
               flegme
               ,
               choller
               ,
               melancholy
               ,
               which
               after
               death
               ,
               are
               cold
               ,
               and
               congeal
               ,
               being
               beated
               as
               Galen
               saith
               ,
               from
               the
               heart
               ,
               in
               living
               bodies
               :
               
                 Impetum
                 facientia
              
               ,
               are
               spirits
               animal
               ,
               vital
               and
               natural
               .
            
             
               These
               three
               Elements
               ,
               Galen
               acknowledgeth
               to
               be
               the
               nearest
               ,
               but
               the
               other
               which
               are
               more
               remote
               ,
               to
               be
               most
               universal
               .
               
               Bat
               Hypocrates●aith
               ●aith
               that
               heat
               and
               cold
               ,
               &c.
               are
               very
               powerless
               Elements
               ,
               and
               that
               sharp
               ,
               bitter
               ,
               sweet
               ,
               &c.
               are
               more
               powerfull
               ,
               
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
              
               .
               So
               that
               these
               are
               the
               three
               Elements
               whereof
               ●ll
               things
               do
               consist
               ,
               and
               into
               which
               they
               are
               ●aturally
               resolved
               :
               and
               these
               do
               seem
               to
               re●emble
               the
               four
               Elements
               ,
               but
               are
               not
               the
               same
               .
               For
               heat
               may
               resemble
               fire
               ,
               although
               this
               heat
               be
               ●●ocured
               by
               motion
               in
               every
               thing
               whilest
               it
               
               liveth
               ,
               and
               not
               extrinsecally
               .
               Moisture
               may
               resemble
               water
               and
               air
               .
               Driness
               may
               resemble
               earth
               ;
               cold
               appears
               in
               them
               all
               after
               the
               heat
               or
               spirit
               is
               departed
               .
            
             
               In
               the
               artificial
               Analysis
               of
               natural
               bodies
               ,
               the
               Alchymists
               tells
               us
               that
               they
               find
               three
               Elements
               ,
               and
               no
               more
               ,
               whereof
               every
               thing
               doth
               consist
               ,
               and
               whereinto
               it
               is
               resolved
               :
               namely
               ,
               
                 Vaporosum
                 ,
                 inflammabile
                 ,
                 fixum
              
               :
               which
               they
               call
               Mercury
               ,
               Sulphur
               and
               Salt
               ,
               and
               they
               seem
               to
               agree
               with
               Hypocrates
               .
               For
               their
               Mercury
               may
               well
               resemble
               Hypocrates
               his
               spirits
               ,
               or
               
                 impet●●
                 facientia
              
               :
               Sulphur
               his
               humour
               or
               
                 flu
                 dum
              
               or
               ●●tenta
               :
               and
               Salt
               ,
               his
               siccum
               or
               densum
               ,
               or
               coninentia
               .
               These
               they
               say
               are
               found
               in
               every
               thing
               ,
               animal
               ,
               vegetable
               ,
               or
               mineral
               ,
               and
               no
               other
               .
               And
               as
               for
               the
               four
               common
               Elements
               ,
               seeing
               they
               are
               distinct
               in
               place
               and
               scituation
               ,
               and
               therefore
               cannot
               concurre
               and
               meet
               to
               the
               generation
               of
               every
               animal
               ,
               Plant
               and
               Mineral
               ,
               &c
               but
               by
               violence
               ,
               the
               earth
               being
               someti●●
               carried
               upwards
               ,
               and
               the
               fire
               downwards
               ,
               co●trary
               to
               their
               natural
               motions
               :
               and
               this
               ,
               not
               one
               for
               all
               ,
               but
               daily
               and
               hourly
               :
               it
               is
               not
               likely
               t●●
               these
               substances
               can
               be
               bred
               of
               the
               Elements
               ,
               〈◊〉
               be
               maintained
               in
               a
               perpetual
               succession
               by
               a
               vi●lent
               cause
               .
               And
               therefore
               it
               is
               no
               marvel
               these
               Elements
               be
               not
               found
               in
               the
               dissolutions
               natural
               bodies
               .
               Thus
               much
               in
               general
               conceting
               all
               generations
               ,
               that
               hereby
               we
               may
               the
               ●●ter
               judge
               of
               the
               particular
               generations
               of
               Mnerals
               ,
               which
               differ
               not
               from
               the
               rest
               ,
               but
               〈◊〉
               in
               this
               ,
               that
               their
               seeds
               are
               not
               in
               every
               indi●●dual
               ,
               as
               the
               others
               are
               ,
               but
               are
               contained
               ●●
               
               matricibus
               ,
               in
               their
               wombs
               ,
               and
               there
               they
               are
               furnished
               with
               matter
               to
               produce
               their
               Species
               :
               not
               out
               of
               the
               Elements
               ,
               no
               otherwise
               than
               
                 ex
                 matricibus
              
               ,
               as
               the
               child
               in
               the
               mothers
               womb
               ,
               but
               have
               their
               matter
               and
               nourishment
               from
               the
               seeds
               of
               things
               which
               are
               agreeable
               to
               their
               species
               :
               which
               seeds
               wanting
               means
               to
               produce
               their
               own
               species
               ,
               do
               serve
               others
               ,
               and
               yield
               matter
               and
               substance
               unto
               them
               .
            
             
               Now
               let
               us
               come
               more
               particularly
               to
               the
               generation
               of
               minerals
               ,
               wherein
               we
               will
               first
               examine
               Aristotles
               opinion
               ,
               as
               most
               generally
               received
               ,
               then
               I
               will
               presume
               to
               set
               down
               mine
               own
               .
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               XII
               .
            
             
               
                 The
                 generation
                 of
                 Minerals
                 examined
                 ,
                 the
                 Authors
                 opinion
                 herein
                 .
              
            
             
               A
               Ristotle
               makes
               the
               humidity
               of
               water
               ,
               and
               the
               dryness
               of
               earth
               ,
               to
               be
               the
               matter
               of
               all
               minerals
               :
               the
               dryness
               of
               earth
               to
               participate
               with
               fire
               ,
               and
               the
               humidity
               of
               water
               with
               air
               ,
               as
               Zabareila
               interprets
               it
               ;
               so
               that
               to
               make
               a
               perfect
               mixt
               body
               ,
               the
               four
               Elements
               do
               concur
               ;
               and
               to
               make
               the
               mixture
               more
               perfect
               ,
               these
               must
               be
               resolved
               into
               vapour
               or
               exhalation
               by
               the
               heat
               of
               fire
               ,
               or
               influence
               from
               the
               Sun
               and
               other
               Planets
               ,
               as
               the
               efficient
               cause
               of
               their
               generation
               :
               but
               the
               cause
               of
               their
               congelation
               to
               be
               cold
               in
               such
               bodies
               as
               heat
               will
               resolve
               .
               
               This
               vapour
               consisting
               partly
               of
               moysture
               ,
               and
               partly
               of
               dryness
               ,
               
               if
               all
               the
               moysture
               be
               spent
               ,
               turns
               to
               earth
               or
               salt
               ,
               or
               concrete
               juyces
               ,
               which
               dissolve
               in
               moysture
               :
               if
               some
               moysture
               remain
               before
               congelation
               ,
               then
               it
               turns
               to
               stone
               :
               if
               this
               dry
               exhalation
               be
               unctuous
               and
               fat
               ,
               and
               combustible
               ,
               then
               Bitumen
               and
               Sulphur
               ,
               and
               Orpiment
               ,
               are
               bred
               of
               it
               :
               if
               it
               be
               dry
               and
               incombustible
               ,
               then
               concrete
               juyces
               ,
               &c.
               
               
               But
               if
               moysture
               do
               abound
               in
               this
               vapour
               then
               metals
               are
               generated
               which
               are
               fusible
               and
               malleable
               .
               And
               for
               the
               perfecting
               of
               these
               generations
               ,
               this
               exhalation
               is
               not
               sufficient
               ,
               but
               to
               give
               them
               their
               due
               consistence
               ,
               there
               must
               be
               the
               help
               of
               cold
               from
               Rocks
               in
               the
               earth
               to
               congeal
               this
               exhalation
               .
               So
               that
               here
               must
               be
               two
               efficients
               ,
               heat
               and
               cold
               .
               And
               for
               the
               better
               effecting
               of
               this
               ,
               these
               exhalations
               do
               insinuate
               themselves
               into
               stones
               ,
               in
               the
               form
               of
               dew
               o●
               frost
               ,
               that
               is
               ,
               in
               little
               grains
               ;
               but
               differing
               from
               dew
               and
               frost
               in
               this
               ,
               that
               these
               are
               generated
               after
               that
               the
               vapour
               is
               converted
               to
               water
               ;
               whereas
               Minerals
               are
               generated
               before
               this
               conversi●●
               into
               water
               .
               
               But
               there
               is
               doubt
               to
               be
               made
               of
               frost
               ,
               because
               that
               is
               bred
               before
               the
               conversio●
               of
               the
               exhalation
               into
               water
               ,
               as
               may
               appear
               ,
               M●teor
               .
               1.
               
               
               According
               to
               this
               assertion
               there
               must
               be
               two
               places
               for
               the
               generation
               of
               minerals
               ;
               the
               one
               a
               matrix
               ,
               where
               they
               receive
               their
               effence
               by
               heat
               in
               form
               of
               an
               exhalation
               ,
               and
               from
               thence
               they
               are
               sent
               to
               a
               second
               place
               to
               receive
               the●
               congelation
               by
               the
               coldness
               of
               Rocks
               :
               and
               fro●
               this
               matrix
               come
               our
               mineral
               waters
               ,
               and
               no●
               from
               the
               place
               of
               congelation
               .
            
             
               This
               is
               the
               generation
               of
               minerals
               ,
               according
               to
               Aristotle
               ;
               but
               it
               is
               not
               so
               clear
               ,
               but
               that
               
               leaves
               many
               scruples
               ,
               both
               concerning
               the
               matter
               ,
               and
               the
               efficients
               .
               For
               the
               matter
               ,
               it
               seems
               not
               probable
               ,
               that
               water
               and
               earth
               should
               make
               any
               thing
               but
               mud
               and
               dirt
               ;
               for
               you
               can
               expect
               no
               more
               from
               any
               thing
               than
               is
               in
               it
               ,
               the
               one
               is
               cold
               and
               dry
               ,
               the
               other
               cold
               and
               moyst
               ;
               and
               therefore
               as
               fit
               to
               be
               the
               matter
               of
               any
               other
               thing
               ,
               as
               of
               particular
               minerals
               .
               And
               water
               ,
               whereof
               principally
               metals
               are
               made
               to
               consist
               ,
               is
               very
               unfit
               to
               make
               a
               malleable
               and
               extensible
               substance
               ,
               especially
               being
               congealed
               by
               cold
               ,
               as
               we
               may
               see
               in
               ice
               .
               But
               some
               do
               add
               a
               mineral
               quality
               to
               these
               materials
               ,
               and
               that
               simple
               water
               is
               not
               the
               chief
               matter
               of
               metals
               ,
               but
               such
               as
               hath
               imbibed
               some
               mineral
               quality
               ,
               and
               so
               is
               altered
               from
               the
               nature
               of
               pure
               water
               .
               This
               assertion
               doth
               presuppose
               minerals
               in
               the
               earth
               before
               they
               were
               bred
               ;
               otherwise
               what
               should
               breed
               them
               at
               the
               first
               ,
               when
               there
               was
               no
               mineral
               quality
               to
               be
               imparted
               to
               water
               ?
               Again
               ,
               this
               mineral
               quality
               either
               gives
               the
               water
               or
               the
               vapour
               of
               it
               the
               effence
               of
               the
               mineral
               ,
               and
               then
               it
               is
               not
               the
               effect
               of
               water
               ,
               but
               of
               the
               mineral
               quality
               ,
               or
               the
               potential
               fac●●lty
               to
               breed
               it
               .
               If
               the
               effence
               ,
               then
               this
               metall
               〈◊〉
               water
               ,
               or
               vapour
               ,
               must
               have
               the
               form
               of
               the
               metal
               ,
               and
               so
               be
               fusible
               and
               malleable
               .
               If
               it
               have
               only
               the
               power
               and
               potential
               faculty
               ,
               then
               the
               generation
               is
               not
               perfected
               ,
               but
               must
               expect
               further
               concoction
               .
               This
               concoction
               is
               said
               to
               be
               partly
               by
               heat
               ,
               and
               partly
               by
               cold
               ;
               if
               by
               heat
               ,
               it
               must
               be
               in
               the
               passages
               of
               the
               exhalation
               as
               it
               is
               carried
               in
               the
               bowels
               of
               the
               earth
               :
               for
               afterwards
               ,
               when
               the
               exhalation
               is
               setled
               in
               the
               stones
               ,
               the
               heat
               is
               gone
               .
               
               Now
               if
               the
               concoction
               be
               perfected
               before
               the
               exhalation
               be
               insinuated
               into
               the
               Stones
               ,
               as
               it
               must
               be
               ,
               if
               it
               be
               like
               dew
               ,
               then
               it
               is
               perfect
               metal
               ,
               and
               neither
               is
               able
               to
               penetrate
               the
               Stones
               ,
               nor
               hath
               any
               need
               of
               the
               cold
               of
               them
               to
               perfect
               the
               generation
               .
               If
               by
               cold
               ,
               it
               is
               strange
               that
               cold
               should
               be
               made
               the
               principal
               agent
               in
               the
               generation
               of
               metals
               ,
               which
               generates
               nothing
               ;
               neither
               can
               heat
               be
               the
               efficient
               of
               these
               generations
               .
               Simple
               qualities
               can
               have
               but
               simple
               effects
               ,
               as
               heat
               can
               but
               make
               hot
               ,
               cold
               can
               but
               cool
               ,
               &c.
               
               But
               they
               say
               cold
               doth
               congeal
               metals
               ,
               because
               heat
               doth
               dissolve
               them
               ;
               I
               answer
               ,
               that
               the
               rule
               is
               true
               ,
               if
               it
               be
               rightly
               applyed
               :
               as
               we
               see
               ice
               which
               is
               congealed
               by
               cold
               ,
               is
               readily
               dissolved
               by
               heat
               .
               
               But
               the
               fusion
               of
               metals
               cannot
               properly
               be
               called
               a
               dissolution
               by
               heat
               ,
               because
               it
               is
               neither
               reduced
               to
               water
               or
               vapour
               ,
               as
               it
               was
               before
               the
               congelation
               by
               cold
               ,
               nor
               is
               it
               permanent
               in
               that
               kind
               of
               dissolution
               ,
               although
               after
               fusion
               it
               should
               be
               kept
               in
               a
               greater
               heat
               than
               the
               cold
               could
               be
               which
               congealed
               it
               .
               For
               the
               cold
               in
               the
               bowels
               of
               the
               earth
               cannot
               be
               so
               great
               ,
               as
               it
               is
               upon
               the
               superficies
               of
               the
               earth
               ,
               seeing
               it
               was
               never
               observed
               that
               〈◊〉
               was
               any
               ice
               bred
               there
               .
               Also
               this
               dissolution
               which
               is
               by
               fusion
               ,
               tends
               not
               to
               the
               destruction
               of
               the
               metal
               (
               but
               doth
               rather
               make
               it
               more
               perfect
               )
               as
               it
               should
               do
               according
               to
               the
               former
               rule
               rightly
               applyed
               .
               And
               therefore
               this
               dissolution
               by
               fusion
               ,
               doth
               not
               argue
               a
               congelation
               by
               cold
               ;
               which
               being
               in
               the
               passive
               elements
               ,
               doth
               rather
               attend
               the
               matter
               than
               the
               efficient
               of
               generations
               :
               for
               it
               is
               apt
               to
               dull
               and
               hebetate
               all
               faculties
               and
               
               motions
               in
               nature
               ,
               and
               so
               to
               hinder
               generations
               ,
               rather
               than
               to
               further
               any
               .
               It
               is
               heat
               and
               moysture
               that
               further
               generations
               ,
               as
               Ovid
               faith
               ;
               
                 
                   Quippe
                   ubi
                   temperie●●
                   sumpsere
                   humorque
                   calorque
                   ,
                   Concipiunt
                   :
                
              
               
                 
                   When
                   heat
                   with
                   moysture's
                   temper'd
                   well
                   ,
                
                 
                   Then
                   't
                   is
                   their
                   bellies
                   'gin
                   to
                   swell
                   .
                
              
            
             
               And
               thus
               much
               for
               Aristotles
               generation
               of
               minerals
               ,
               where
               his
               vapours
               or
               exhalations
               do
               rather
               serve
               for
               the
               collection
               or
               congregation
               of
               matter
               in
               the
               Mines
               ,
               than
               for
               the
               generation
               of
               them
               ;
               as
               Libavius
               doth
               rightly
               judge
               .
               
               Agricola
               makes
               the
               matter
               of
               minerals
               to
               be
               
                 Succus
                 Lapidescens
                 Metallificus
              
               &c.
               and
               with
               more
               reason
               ,
               because
               they
               are
               found
               liquid
               in
               the
               earth
               :
               Gilgill
               would
               have
               it
               Ashes
               ;
               Democritus
               Lime
               :
               but
               these
               two
               being
               artificial
               matters
               ,
               are
               no
               where
               found
               in
               the
               earth
               .
               The
               Alchymists
               make
               Sulphur
               and
               Mercurie
               the
               matter
               of
               metals
               :
               Libavius
               ,
               Sulphur
               and
               Vitriol
               .
               
               But
               I
               will
               not
               stand
               upon
               discoursing
               of
               these
               materials
               ,
               because
               it
               makes
               little
               to
               my
               purpose
               ..
               It
               is
               enough
               for
               my
               purpose
               to
               shew
               the
               manner
               of
               these
               generations
               ,
               which
               I
               take
               to
               be
               this
               .
            
             
               There
               is
               a
               Seminarie
               Spirit
               of
               all
               minerals
               in
               the
               bowels
               of
               the
               earth
               ,
               
               which
               meeting
               with
               convenient
               matter
               ,
               and
               adjuvant
               causes
               ,
               is
               not
               idle
               ,
               but
               doth
               proceed
               to
               produce
               minerals
               ,
               according
               to
               the
               nature
               of
               it
               ,
               and
               the
               matter
               which
               it
               meets
               withal
               ;
               which
               matter
               it
               works
               upon
               like
               a
               ferment
               ,
               and
               by
               his
               motion
               procures
               an
               actual
               heat
               ,
               
               as
               an
               instrument
               to
               further
               his
               work
               ;
               which
               actual
               heat
               is
               increased
               by
               the
               fermentation
               of
               the
               matter
               .
               The
               like
               we
               see
               in
               making
               of
               Malt
               ,
               where
               the
               grains
               of
               Barley
               being
               moistned
               with
               water
               ,
               the
               generative
               Spirit
               in
               them
               is
               dilated
               ,
               and
               put
               in
               action
               ;
               and
               the
               superfluity
               of
               water
               being
               removed
               ,
               which
               might
               choak
               it
               ,
               and
               the
               Barley
               laid
               up
               in
               heaps
               ;
               the
               seeds
               gather
               heat
               ,
               which
               is
               increased
               by
               the
               contiguity
               of
               many
               grains
               lying
               one
               upon
               another
               .
               In
               this
               work
               natures
               intent
               is
               to
               produce
               more
               individuals
               ,
               according
               to
               the
               nature
               of
               the
               Seed
               ,
               and
               therefore
               it
               shoots
               forth
               in
               spires
               :
               but
               the
               Artist
               abuses
               the
               intention
               of
               Nature
               ,
               and
               converts
               it
               to
               his
               end
               ,
               that
               is
               ,
               to
               increase
               the
               spirits
               of
               his
               Malt.
               The
               like
               we
               find
               in
               mineral
               substances
               ,
               where
               this
               spirit
               or
               ferment
               is
               resident
               ,
               as
               in
               Allum
               and
               Copperas
               Mines
               ,
               which
               being
               broken
               ,
               exposed
               and
               moistened
               ,
               will
               gather
               an
               actual
               heat
               ,
               and
               produce
               much
               more
               of
               those
               minerals
               ,
               then
               else
               the
               mine
               would
               yield
               ;
               as
               Agricola
               and
               Thurneiser
               do
               affirm
               ,
               and
               is
               proved
               by
               common
               experience
               .
               The
               like
               is
               generally
               observed
               in
               Mines
               ,
               as
               
                 Agricola
                 ,
                 Erastus
                 ,
                 Libavius
              
               ,
               &c.
               do
               avouch
               out
               of
               the
               daily
               experience
               of
               mineral
               men
               ,
               who
               affirm
               ,
               that
               in
               many
               places
               ,
               they
               find
               their
               Mines
               so
               hot
               ,
               as
               they
               can
               hardly
               touch
               them
               ;
               although
               it
               is
               likely
               that
               where
               they
               work
               for
               perfect
               Minerals
               ,
               the
               heat
               which
               was
               in
               fermentation
               ,
               whilst
               they
               were
               yet
               breeding
               ,
               is
               now
               much
               abated
               :
               the
               Minerals
               being
               now
               grown
               to
               their
               perfection
               .
               And
               for
               this
               heat
               we
               need
               not
               call
               for
               the
               help
               of
               the
               Sun
               ,
               which
               a
               little
               could
               will
               take
               away
               from
               us
               ,
               much
               more
               the
               body
               of
               the
               
               earth
               ,
               and
               rocks
               ;
               not
               for
               subterranean
               fire
               :
               this
               inbred
               heat
               is
               sufficient
               ,
               as
               may
               appear
               also
               by
               the
               Mines
               of
               Tinglass
               ,
               which
               being
               digged
               ,
               and
               laid
               in
               the
               moist
               air
               ,
               will
               become
               very
               hot
               .
               So
               Antimony
               and
               Sublimat
               being
               mixed
               together
               ,
               will
               grow
               so
               hot
               as
               they
               are
               not
               able
               to
               be
               touched
               :
               If
               this
               be
               so
               in
               little
               quantities
               ,
               it
               is
               likely
               to
               be
               much
               more
               in
               great
               quantities
               and
               huge
               rocks
               .
               Heat
               of
               it self
               differs
               not
               in
               kind
               ,
               but
               only
               in
               degree
               ,
               and
               therefore
               is
               inclined
               no
               more
               to
               one
               Species
               ,
               then
               to
               another
               ,
               but
               as
               it
               doth
               attend
               and
               serve
               a
               more
               worthy
               and
               superiour
               power
               ,
               such
               as
               this
               generative
               spirit
               is
               .
               And
               this
               spirit
               doth
               convert
               any
               apt
               matter
               it
               meets
               withall
               to
               his
               own
               species
               by
               the
               help
               of
               heat
               ;
               and
               the
               earth
               is
               full
               of
               such
               matter
               which
               attends
               upon
               the
               species
               of
               things
               :
               and
               oftentimes
               for
               want
               of
               fit
               opportunity
               and
               adiuvant
               causes
               ,
               lies
               idle
               ,
               without
               producing
               any
               species
               :
               but
               is
               apt
               to
               be
               transmuted
               by
               any
               mechanical
               and
               generative
               spirit
               into
               them
               .
               And
               this
               matter
               is
               not
               the
               Elements
               themselves
               ,
               but
               subterranean
               seeds
               placed
               in
               the
               Elements
               ,
               which
               not
               being
               able
               to
               live
               to
               themselves
               ,
               do
               live
               to
               others
               .
               
               
                 Sic
                 Roma
                 crescit
                 Albae
                 ruinis
              
               ;
               the
               Death
               of
               one
               is
               the
               life
               of
               another
               .
               From
               this
               confluence
               of
               seeds
               arise
               all
               the
               varieties
               and
               differences
               ,
               and
               alterations
               which
               are
               observed
               in
               the
               generation
               or
               nutrition
               of
               natural
               things
               :
               as
               in
               their
               colours
               ,
               tastes
               ,
               numbers
               ,
               proportions
               ,
               distempers
               ,
               &c.
               
               Also
               from
               hence
               proceed
               the
               Transplantations
               which
               we
               find
               in
               animals
               ,
               vegetables
               ,
               and
               minerals
               .
               In
               animils
               these
               Transplantations
               are
               not
               very
               
               frequent
               ;
               yet
               all
               our
               monsters
               may
               be
               referred
               hereunto
               ,
               as
               also
               the
               issue
               which
               comes
               from
               Dogs
               and
               Wolves
               ,
               Horses
               and
               Asses
               ,
               Partriges
               and
               Hens
               ,
               &c.
               
               Some
               do
               think
               that
               the
               destruction
               of
               Sexes
               is
               a
               Transplantation
               ,
               and
               that
               all
               seeds
               in
               themselves
               are
               hermophroditical
               ,
               and
               neither
               masculine
               nor
               feminine
               ,
               but
               as
               they
               meet
               with
               strong
               and
               weak
               impressions
               from
               supervenient
               causes
               ;
               From
               hence
               come
               our
               Androgyni
               ,
               
               or
               masculine
               women
               ,
               such
               as
               Horace
               speaks
               of
               ,
               
                 
                   
                     Sabellis
                     docta
                     ligonibus
                     versare
                     glebas
                  
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   That
                   dig
                   the
                   ground
                   themselves
                   (
                   stout
                   Jades
                   !
                   )
                
                 
                   Managing
                   well
                   Sabean
                   Spades
                   .
                
              
            
             
               Among
               those
               Animals
               which
               we
               call
               Insecta
               ,
               these
               Transplantations
               are
               more
               frequent
               ,
               because
               their
               seeds
               are
               more
               equivocal
               ,
               and
               easily
               transmuted
               from
               one
               species
               to
               another
               :
               as
               we
               may
               see
               in
               Worms
               and
               Flies
               ,
               and
               most
               evidently
               in
               Silk-worms
               called
               Cavallieri
               .
            
             
               In
               Vegetables
               these
               Transplantations
               are
               very
               frequent
               when
               one
               species
               is
               grafted
               upon
               another
               ,
               as
               Virgil
               faith
               ,
               
                 
                   Et
                   steriles
                   platani
                   malos
                   gessere
                   valentes
                
                 
                   Castaneae
                   fagos
                   :
                   ornusque
                   incanuit
                   albo
                
                 
                   Flore
                   pyri
                   ,
                   glandemque
                   sues
                   fregere
                   sub
                   ulmis
                   .
                   
                
              
               
                 
                   The
                   barren
                   Planes
                   did
                   Apples
                   bear
                   ;
                
                 
                   The
                   Beeches
                   Chesnuts
                   ;
                   th'
                   Ash
                   a
                   Pear
                   ;
                
                 
                   And
                   Hogs
                   did
                   under
                   Elm-trees
                   Acorns
                   tear
                   .
                
              
            
             
             
               Thus
               by
               commixtion
               of
               several
               species
               ,
               the
               first
               seeds
               do
               oftentimes
               being
               forth
               other
               fruits
               then
               their
               own
               .
               
                 
                   Miranturque
                   novas
                   frondes
                   &
                   non
                   sua
                   poma
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   And
                   stand
                   admiring
                   ,
                   double
                   mute
                   ,
                
                 
                   To
                   see
                   new
                   leaves
                   ,
                   and
                   stranger
                   fruit
                   .
                
              
            
             
               But
               all
               ,
               as
               Hypocrates
               saith
               ,
               by
               divine
               necessity
               ,
               both
               that
               which
               they
               would
               ,
               and
               that
               which
               they
               would
               not
               .
               
               So
               likewise
               Wheat
               is
               changed
               into
               Lolium
               ,
               Basil
               into
               Thyme
               ,
               Masterwort
               into
               Angelica
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               In
               Minerals
               we
               find
               the
               like
               transplantations
               :
               as
               Salt
               into
               Nitre
               ,
               Copperass
               into
               Allum
               ,
               Lead
               into
               Tin
               ,
               Iron
               into
               Copper
               ,
               Copper
               into
               Iron
               ,
               &c.
               
               And
               this
               is
               the
               transplantation
               whereupon
               the
               Alchymists
               ground
               their
               Philosophers
               stone
               .
            
             
               This
               Seminary
               Spirit
               is
               acknowledged
               by
               
                 Aristotle
                 :
                 Continent
                 (
                 inquit
                 )
                 semen
                 in
                 se
                 cujusque
                 faecundit
                 atis
                 suae
                 causam
              
               :
               and
               by
               most
               of
               his
               Interpreters
               :
               and
               Morisinus
               calls
               it
               Elphesteria
               ,
               not
               knowing
               how
               to
               attribute
               these
               generations
               to
               the
               Elements
               .
               
               And
               this
               is
               the
               cause
               why
               some
               places
               yield
               some
               one
               vegetable
               or
               mineral
               species
               above
               another
               ,
               
                 
                   Quippe
                   solo
                   natura
                   subest
                   .
                   Non
                   owsnis
                   fert
                   omnia
                   tellus
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   It
                   is
                   the
                   nature
                   of
                   the
                   ground
                   .
                
                 
                   Not
                   in
                   all
                   Soils
                   are
                   all
                   things
                   found
                   .
                
              
            
             
             
               This
               seminary
               spirit
               of
               minerals
               hath
               its
               proper
               wombs
               where
               it
               resides
               ,
               and
               is
               like
               a
               Prince
               or
               Emperour
               ,
               whose
               prescripts
               both
               the
               Elements
               and
               matter
               must
               obey
               ;
               and
               it
               is
               never
               idle
               ,
               but
               alwayes
               in
               action
               ,
               producing
               and
               maintaining
               natural
               substances
               ,
               untill
               they
               have
               fulfilled
               their
               destiny
               ,
               
                 donec
                 fatum
                 expleverint
              
               ,
               as
               Hypocrates
               saith
               .
               
               So
               as
               there
               is
               a
               necessity
               in
               this
               ,
               depending
               upon
               the
               first
               benediction
               (
               
                 crescite
                 &
                 multiplicamini
              
               :
               )
               and
               this
               necessity
               or
               fatum
               is
               inherent
               in
               the
               seeds
               ,
               and
               not
               adventitious
               from
               the
               Planets
               ,
               or
               any
               other
               natural
               cause
               .
               And
               this
               is
               the
               cause
               of
               uniformity
               in
               every
               species
               ,
               that
               they
               have
               all
               their
               proper
               figures
               ,
               dimensions
               ,
               numbers
               of
               parts
               ,
               colours
               ,
               tastes
               ,
               &c.
               most
               convenient
               and
               agreeable
               to
               each
               nature
               ;
               as
               Moses
               saith
               ,
               that
               God
               saw
               that
               every
               thing
               was
               very
               good
               :
               and
               Galen
               saith
               ,
               
                 Deus
                 in
                 omnibus
                 optimum
                 eligit
              
               .
               
               And
               this
               I
               take
               to
               be
               the
               meaning
               of
               his
               
                 Lex
                 Adrastia
              
               ,
               which
               he
               alledgeth
               against
               Asclepiades
               .
               
               For
               it
               he
               should
               mean
               it
               as
               commonly
               it
               is
               understood
               ,
               of
               punishment
               which
               alwayes
               follows
               sin
               ,
               
                 nem●
                 crimen
                 in
                 pectore
                 gestaet
                 ,
                 qui
                 non
                 idem
                 Nemesi●
                 in
                 tergo
              
               ;
               No
               man
               ,
               though
               privately
               ,
               commits
               a
               fault
               ,
               but
               is
               degg'd
               by
               revenge
               :
               in
               this
               sense
               he
               could
               not
               apply
               it
               to
               the
               confuting
               of
               Asciepiades
               .
               There
               are
               also
               other
               laws
               in
               nature
               which
               cannot
               be
               altered
               ,
               both
               Mathematical
               ,
               in
               Arithmetick
               and
               Geometry
               ;
               and
               Logical
               ,
               in
               the
               consecuting
               of
               arguments
               ,
               &c.
               
               But
               these
               serve
               not
               for
               Galens
               purpose
               in
               this
               place
               .
               He
               must
               mean
               it
               of
               a
               natural
               necessity
               or
               fatum
               ,
               or
               predestination
               ,
               that
               frames
               every
               member
               &
               part
               of
               the
               
               body
               to
               the
               best
               use
               for
               the
               creature
               .
               And
               therefore
               where
               Asclepiades
               propounds
               an
               inconvenient
               frame
               of
               parts
               ,
               he
               confutes
               him
               by
               this
               inbred
               law
               of
               nature
               ,
               which
               he
               saith
               ,
               no
               man
               can
               alter
               or
               avoid
               ,
               nor
               any
               subtility
               elude
               ,
               as
               also
               Aristotle
               saith
               .
               
               Thus
               much
               for
               the
               generation
               of
               Minerals
               and
               other
               natural
               substances
               .
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               XIII
               .
            
             
               
                 Of
                 the
                 causes
                 of
                 actual
                 heat
                 ,
                 and
                 medicinal
                 virtue
                 in
                 Mineral
                 Waters
                 ,
                 divers
                 opinions
                 of
                 others
                 rejected
                 .
              
            
             
               NOW
               I
               come
               to
               shew
               how
               our
               mineral
               waters
               receive
               both
               their
               actual
               heat
               ,
               and
               their
               virtues
               .
               
               I
               joyn
               them
               together
               ,
               because
               they
               depend
               upon
               one
               and
               the
               same
               cause
               ,
               unless
               they
               be
               juices
               which
               will
               readily
               dissolve
               in
               water
               ,
               without
               the
               help
               of
               heat
               :
               other
               minerals
               will
               not
               ,
               or
               very
               hardly
               .
            
             
               This
               actual
               heat
               of
               waters
               hath
               troubled
               all
               those
               that
               have
               written
               of
               them
               ,
               and
               many
               opinions
               have
               been
               held
               of
               the
               causes
               of
               them
               .
               Some
               attribute
               it
               to
               wind
               or
               air
               ,
               or
               exhalations
               included
               in
               the
               bowels
               of
               the
               earth
               ,
               which
               either
               by
               their
               own
               nature
               ,
               or
               by
               their
               violent
               motion
               ,
               and
               agitation
               ,
               and
               attrition
               upon
               rocks
               and
               narrow
               passages
               ,
               do
               gather
               heat
               ,
               and
               impart
               it
               to
               our
               waters
               .
               
               Of
               their
               own
               nature
               these
               exhalations
               cannot
               be
               so
               hot
               ,
               as
               to
               make
               our
               water
               hot
               ,
               especially
               seeing
               in
               their
               passage
               among
               cold
               rocks
               ,
               it
               would
               be
               much
               allaied
               ,
               having
               no
               supply
               
               of
               heat
               to
               maintain
               it
               .
               Moreover
               ,
               where
               water
               hath
               passage
               to
               get
               forth
               to
               the
               superficies
               of
               the
               earth
               ,
               there
               these
               exhalations
               and
               winds
               will
               easily
               pass
               ,
               and
               so
               their
               heat
               gone
               withall
               ,
               and
               so
               our
               waters
               left
               to
               their
               natural
               coldness
               :
               whereas
               we
               see
               they
               do
               continue
               in
               the
               same
               degree
               and
               tenor
               ,
               many
               generations
               together
               .
               
               If
               by
               their
               agitation
               and
               violent
               motion
               they
               get
               this
               heat
               ,
               because
               no
               violent
               thing
               is
               perpetual
               or
               constant
               ,
               this
               cannot
               be
               the
               cause
               of
               the
               perpetual
               and
               constant
               heat
               of
               water
               .
               Besides
               ,
               this
               would
               rather
               cause
               earthquakes
               and
               storms
               ,
               and
               noyses
               in
               the
               earth
               ,
               then
               heat
               our
               springs
               .
               Moreover
               ,
               we
               daily
               observe
               ,
               that
               exhalations
               and
               water
               are
               never
               heated
               by
               motion
               ,
               or
               agitation
               ;
               as
               in
               the
               Cataracts
               of
               the
               Rhine
               by
               Splug
               ;
               the
               agitation
               and
               fall
               of
               water
               upon
               rocks
               is
               most
               violent
               ,
               and
               makes
               a
               hideous
               noyse
               ;
               yet
               it
               heats
               not
               the
               water
               ,
               though
               it
               be
               very
               deep
               in
               the
               earth
               .
               
               Neither
               can
               any
               attrition
               heat
               either
               air
               or
               water
               ,
               or
               any
               soft
               and
               liquid
               thing
               ,
               but
               rather
               make
               it
               more
               cold
               .
            
             
               Others
               attribute
               this
               actual
               heat
               of
               Bathes
               unto
               the
               Sun
               ,
               whose
               beams
               piercing
               thorow
               the
               pores
               of
               the
               earth
               ,
               do
               heat
               our
               waters
               .
               
               If
               this
               heat
               which
               heats
               our
               Bathes
               be
               caused
               by
               the
               beams
               of
               the
               Sun
               ,
               then
               either
               they
               bring
               it
               intirely
               from
               the
               Sun
               ,
               as
               a
               quality
               proceeding
               from
               thence
               ,
               or
               they
               make
               it
               by
               their
               own
               motion
               .
               If
               it
               come
               from
               the
               nature
               of
               the
               Sun
               ,
               the
               Sun
               must
               be
               extream
               hot
               that
               can
               heat
               these
               inferiour
               parts
               at
               such
               a
               distance
               ;
               especially
               the
               beams
               which
               must
               carry
               it
               ,
               passing
               thorow
               the
               middle
               region
               of
               the
               air
               ,
               which
               is
               alwayes
               extream
               cold
               ,
               
               and
               cannot
               but
               cool
               those
               beams
               before
               they
               come
               to
               us
               .
               And
               if
               they
               were
               able
               to
               pass
               that
               region
               without
               losing
               their
               heat
               ,
               yet
               they
               cannot
               but
               warm
               that
               region
               ,
               being
               nearer
               to
               their
               fountain
               of
               heat
               ,
               as
               well
               or
               better
               then
               they
               can
               warm
               our
               waters
               ,
               in
               despite
               of
               any
               Antiperistasis
               .
               But
               it
               is
               doubtfull
               whether
               the
               Sun
               be
               hot
               of
               his
               own
               nature
               or
               no.
               †
               The
               Peripateticks
               hold
               it
               to
               be
               hot
               and
               dry
               moderately
               ;
               yet
               it
               must
               be
               extream
               hot
               ,
               if
               in
               this
               manner
               it
               do
               heat
               our
               Bathes
               .
               And
               if
               the
               Sun
               be
               capable
               of
               heat
               ,
               they
               must
               also
               make
               it
               capable
               of
               cold
               (
               elementary
               qualities
               )
               and
               then
               they
               make
               celestial
               bodies
               obnoxious
               to
               generation
               and
               corruption
               ;
               which
               they
               are
               not
               willing
               to
               grant
               .
               Although
               in
               this
               respect
               they
               need
               not
               fear
               the
               decay
               of
               the
               Sun
               ,
               no
               more
               then
               of
               the
               globe
               of
               the
               earth
               :
               which
               though
               it
               suffer
               in
               his
               parts
               many
               alterations
               ,
               yet
               the
               whole
               remains
               firm
               and
               perpetual
               ,
               as
               Mr.
               Doctor
               Hakwell
               proves
               in
               his
               learned
               work
               upon
               that
               argument
               ;
               and
               will
               so
               do
               untill
               it
               be
               dissolved
               by
               that
               omnipotent
               power
               which
               framed
               it
               .
               
               If
               they
               make
               this
               heat
               to
               come
               from
               the
               motion
               of
               the
               Sun
               ,
               we
               must
               consider
               how
               the
               Sun
               by
               motion
               may
               get
               such
               a
               heat
               .
               The
               Sun
               is
               either
               moved
               by
               his
               own
               motion
               ,
               or
               as
               he
               is
               carried
               in
               his
               Sphear
               wherein
               he
               is
               fixed
               .
               If
               by
               his
               own
               motion
               ,
               it
               must
               be
               either
               by
               volutation
               upon
               his
               axis
               ,
               which
               is
               called
               
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
              
               ,
               or
               by
               circumgyration
               ,
               which
               is
               called
               
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
              
               ,
               round
               about
               the
               globe
               of
               the
               earth
               :
               and
               this
               is
               the
               common
               opinion
               ;
               which
               if
               it
               be
               so
               ,
               he
               must
               be
               carried
               more
               swiftly
               then
               a
               bullet
               out
               of
               a
               peece
               of
               Ordnance
               .
               I
               read
               in
               the
               Turkish
               History
               
               at
               the
               siege
               of
               Scodra
               ,
               of
               a
               bullet
               of
               twelve
               hundred
               weight
               called
               the
               Prince
               ,
               and
               it
               seems
               a
               great
               matter
               .
               But
               to
               have
               such
               a
               bullet
               as
               the
               globe
               of
               the
               Sun
               ,
               which
               is
               held
               to
               be
               166
               times
               bigger
               then
               the
               globe
               of
               the
               earth
               ,
               to
               be
               carried
               in
               a
               swifter
               course
               ,
               and
               that
               perpetually
               ,
               is
               a
               monstrous
               ,
               furious
               ,
               and
               mad
               agitation
               ,
               insa●●motus
               ,
               as
               one
               termeth
               it
               .
               The
               like
               may
               be
               said
               of
               the
               motion
               of
               the
               Sphears
               :
               but
               I
               will
               leave
               the
               confutation
               of
               this
               to
               others
               .
               
               But
               admit
               it
               to
               be
               so
               ;
               and
               that
               this
               violent
               agitation
               is
               not
               repugnant
               to
               the
               perpetuity
               of
               the
               Heavens
               ;
               and
               that
               it
               is
               able
               to
               breed
               an
               extream
               heat
               in
               the
               Sun
               and
               celestial
               Spheres
               ,
               notwithstanding
               their
               tenuity
               ,
               &c.
               which
               is
               unapt
               to
               breed
               heat
               by
               motion
               or
               collision
               ,
               for
               that
               is
               proper
               to
               solid
               substances
               :
               yet
               this
               heat
               must
               be
               conveyed
               to
               us
               by
               the
               same
               beams
               of
               the
               Sun
               ,
               and
               must
               be
               subject
               to
               the
               former
               impediments
               .
            
             
               Wherefore
               the
               beams
               of
               the
               Sun
               by
               their
               motion
               must
               make
               this
               heat
               ,
               by
               the
               collection
               a
               many
               beams
               together
               .
               For
               if
               they
               be
               dispersed
               ,
               no
               fire
               will
               be
               kindled
               ,
               but
               only
               some
               moderate
               heat
               :
               as
               we
               see
               in
               a
               burning-glass
               ,
               which
               will
               heat
               a
               white
               paper
               or
               cloth
               ,
               but
               not
               burn
               it
               .
               Other
               things
               it
               will
               burn
               ,
               which
               are
               apt
               fewels
               ;
               but
               the
               whiteness
               of
               the
               paper
               or
               cloth
               it
               seem
               disperseth
               the
               beams
               .
               But
               no
               doubt
               the
               Sun
               by
               his
               light
               and
               beams
               do
               warm
               these
               inferiour
               parts
               ,
               especially
               where
               they
               have
               free
               passage
               ,
               and
               reflection
               withall
               ,
               and
               it
               is
               to
               be
               judged
               ,
               that
               the
               heat
               not
               being
               essentially
               in
               the
               Sun
               ,
               is
               an
               effect
               of
               the
               light
               by
               whose
               beams
               it
               is
               imparted
               to
               us
               :
               So
               that
               where
               light
               is
               excluded
               ,
               
               heat
               is
               also
               excluded
               .
               And
               if
               we
               can
               exclude
               the
               heat
               of
               the
               beams
               of
               the
               Sun
               by
               the
               in●rposition
               of
               a
               mud
               wall
               ,
               or
               by
               making
               a
               Cel●r
               fix
               foot
               under
               the
               ground
               ;
               how
               is
               it
               likely
               that
               these
               beams
               can
               pierce
               so
               deep
               into
               the
               earth
               ,
               as
               to
               heat
               the
               water
               there
               ,
               as
               Lucretius●aith
               ●aith
               ,
               
                 
                   Qui
                   queat
                   hic
                   subter
                   tam
                   crass
                   corpore
                   terram
                
                 
                   Percoquere
                   humorem
                   ,
                   &
                   calido
                   sociare
                   vapori
                   ?
                   
                
                 
                   Prasertim
                   cum
                   vix
                   possit
                   per
                   septa
                   domorum
                
                 
                   l●sinuare
                   suum
                   radi●s
                   ardentibus
                   aestum
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   Under
                   this
                   massie
                   bulk
                   of
                   earth
                   how
                   shall
                
                 
                   The
                   Sun
                   boil
                   water
                   ,
                   and
                   there
                   raise
                   a
                   steam
                
                 
                   Whereas
                   we
                   see
                   it
                   scarce
                   can
                   pierce
                   a
                   wall
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   through't
                   into
                   a
                   Chamber
                   dart
                   a
                   beam
                   .
                
              
            
             
               And
               if
               the
               beams
               of
               the
               Sun
               be
               not
               able
               to
               heat
               a
               standing
               Pool
               in
               the
               midst
               of
               Summer
               ,
               how
               should
               they
               heat
               a
               subterranean
               water
               ,
               which
               is
               alwaies
               in
               motion
               ,
               especially
               in
               the
               winter
               time
               ?
               Again
               ,
               if
               this
               heat
               come
               from
               the
               Sun
               ,
               then
               in
               the
               Summer
               ,
               when
               the
               Sun
               is
               hottest
               ,
               the
               waters
               should
               be
               so
               also
               ,
               and
               in
               winter
               cold
               ,
               because
               of
               the
               absence
               of
               the
               Sun
               ;
               but
               we
               find
               them
               always
               alike
               .
               Also
               ,
               why
               should
               the
               Sun
               heat
               some
               few
               Fountains
               and
               pass
               over
               an
               infinite
               number
               of
               others
               ,
               which
               are
               left
               cold
               ?
               And
               why
               should
               there
               be
               hot
               Fountains
               in
               cold
               Climates
               ,
               where
               the
               Sun
               hath
               little
               power
               to
               heat
               ,
               either
               by
               reason
               of
               his
               oblique
               beams
               ,
               or
               by
               reason
               of
               his
               long
               absence
               ;
               and
               yet
               in
               hot
               Climats
               they
               should
               be
               so
               ●re
               ?
               wherefore
               it
               is
               very
               improbable
               that
               our
               Springs
               are
               heated
               by
               the
               Sun.
               
            
             
             
               Others
               have
               devised
               another
               cause
               of
               this
               actual
               heat
               of
               Bathes
               ,
               more
               vain
               then
               the
               former
               ,
               which
               they
               call
               Antiperistasis
               :
               where
               by
               reciprocation
               or
               compression
               ,
               any
               quality
               is
               intended
               and
               exalted
               to
               a
               higher
               degree
               .
               
               As
               where
               heat
               or
               cold
               are
               compassed
               by
               their
               contrary
               quality
               ,
               so
               as
               the
               vapours
               or
               effluvium
               of
               it
               is
               reflected
               back
               again
               ,
               the
               quality
               thereof
               is
               increased
               .
               Hypocrates
               gives
               us
               an
               example
               of
               it
               in
               our
               own
               bodies
               ,
               where
               he
               saith
               ,
               
                 ventres
                 hi●calidiores
              
               ;
               our
               stomachs
               are
               hotter
               in
               Winter
               then
               in
               Summer
               ,
               by
               reason
               the
               ambient
               air
               being
               then
               cold
               ,
               doth
               stop
               the
               pores
               of
               the
               skin
               ,
               and
               repell
               those
               fuliginous
               vapours
               which
               nature
               would
               breathe
               forth
               ,
               and
               so
               our
               inward
               heat
               is
               increased
               :
               whereas
               in
               the
               Summer
               ,
               by
               reasoned
               too
               much
               eventilation
               ,
               our
               natural
               heat
               is
               diminished
               ;
               and
               therefore
               we
               concoct
               better
               i●
               Winter
               then
               in
               Summer
               .
               And
               although
               it
               be
               not
               simple
               heat
               which
               concocts
               ,
               and
               makes
               ebylus
               in
               the
               Stomach
               ,
               Blood
               in
               the
               Liver
               ,
               Seed
               is
               the
               Spermatick
               Vessels
               ,
               or
               Milk
               in
               the
               Breast
               &c.
               as
               Joubertus
               saith
               :
               yet
               heat
               attending
               upon
               the
               faculties
               of
               those
               parts
               ,
               doth
               quicken
               them
               as
               cold
               doth
               benumb
               them
               .
               
               But
               if
               we
               examine
               this
               example
               aright
               ,
               we
               shall
               find
               a
               great
               difference
               between
               this
               and
               our
               hot
               Bathes
               .
               For
               the
               heat
               in
               our
               bodies
               is
               continually
               fed
               and
               maintained
               from
               the
               Heart
               by
               his
               motion
               :
               that
               a
               Bathes
               hath
               no
               such
               supply
               according
               to
               their
               doctrine
               ,
               from
               any
               cause
               to
               make
               or
               continue
               this
               heat
               .
               And
               therefore
               the
               repelling
               of
               vapours
               cannot
               make
               water
               hotter
               then
               it
               is
               :
               and
               being
               naturally
               cold
               ,
               and
               without
               any
               heat
               
               where
               heat
               is
               not
               ,
               how
               can
               it
               be
               pend
               in
               or
               repelled
               ?
               Again
               ,
               in
               Hypocrates
               his
               example
               there
               is
               an
               interstitium
               (
               our
               skin
               )
               between
               the
               fuliginous
               vapours
               and
               the
               external
               air
               ,
               which
               keep
               them
               from
               uniting
               :
               but
               in
               our
               Bathes
               there
               is
               nothing
               to
               hinder
               the
               meeting
               and
               conjunction
               of
               these
               qualities
               ,
               and
               then
               the
               one
               must
               dull
               the
               other
               .
               Moreover
               ,
               we
               see
               that
               any
               thing
               that
               is
               naturally
               cold
               ,
               as
               Iron
               or
               a
               Stone
               ,
               if
               it
               be
               made
               hot
               accidentally
               by
               fire
               or
               otherwise
               ,
               it
               is
               sooner
               cold
               in
               cold
               air
               ,
               then
               in
               a
               warm
               place
               .
               So
               that
               the
               Antiperistasis
               doth
               rather
               diminish
               then
               increase
               the
               heat
               of
               it
               .
               Wherefore
               unless
               water
               were
               naturally
               hot
               ,
               or
               the
               heat
               maintained
               by
               some
               continual
               cause
               ,
               this
               Antiperistasis
               can
               do
               no
               good
               ,
               but
               by
               his
               opposite
               quality
               would
               rather
               cool
               it
               .
               Nay
               heat
               it self
               cannot
               make
               any
               thing
               more
               hot
               ,
               unless
               it
               be
               greater
               then
               the
               heat
               of
               the
               thing
               it self
               .
               But
               to
               ascribe
               the
               generation
               of
               heat
               to
               cold
               ,
               and
               so
               to
               make
               it
               the
               cause
               of
               his
               contrary
               ,
               is
               against
               the
               law
               of
               Nature
               .
               No
               quality
               of
               it self
               is
               increased
               by
               his
               contrary
               .
               It
               is
               true
               ,
               that
               a
               pot
               of
               water
               set
               over
               the
               fire
               ,
               will
               be
               sooner
               hot
               ,
               being
               covered
               ,
               or
               otherwise
               the
               vapours
               kept
               in
               ,
               then
               being
               open
               :
               but
               there
               must
               be
               fire
               then
               to
               heat
               it
               ,
               and
               to
               continue
               the
               heat
               :
               otherwise
               the
               Antiperistasis
               will
               do
               nothing
               ,
               unless
               it
               make
               it
               more
               cold
               ,
               and
               congeal
               it
               into
               Ice
               ,
               if
               the
               air
               ambient
               be
               more
               cold
               then
               the
               water
               .
               Some
               may
               object
               ,
               that
               they
               find
               some
               Fountains
               warmer
               in
               Winter
               then
               in
               Summer
               ,
               and
               to
               reak
               when
               they
               break
               forth
               into
               the
               air
               ;
               as
               I
               have
               seen
               at
               Wercksworth
               and
               Bakewell
               in
               Darbyshire
               :
               and
               therefore
               this
               doth
               argue
               an
               Antiperistasis
               .
               
               
               Galen
               thinks
               that
               these
               waters
               do
               but
               seem
               so
               to
               our
               sense
               :
               our
               hands
               being
               hot
               in
               Summer
               ,
               and
               cold
               in
               Winter
               ,
               as
               our
               Urins
               seem
               cold
               in
               a
               hot
               Bath
               .
               But
               I
               will
               grant
               with
               Valesius
               that
               many
               deep
               Fountains
               may
               be
               so
               indeed
               ,
               and
               not
               in
               appearance
               only
               ,
               as
               partaking
               with
               some
               warm
               exhalations
               ,
               especially
               in
               Mineral
               Countreys
               ,
               as
               Darbyshire
               is
               .
            
             
               Moreover
               ,
               if
               our
               Bathes
               were
               heated
               by
               a●
               Antiperistasis
               ,
               then
               they
               should
               be
               hotter
               in
               Winter
               then
               in
               Summer
               ;
               but
               we
               find
               them
               alwayes
               alike
               .
               Also
               if
               a
               cold
               ambient
               be
               able
               to
               make
               cold
               water
               hot
               ,
               why
               should
               not
               a
               hot
               ambient
               make
               it
               more
               cold
               ?
               especially
               seeing
               the
               vapours
               are
               cold
               ,
               which
               being
               repelled
               by
               heat
               ,
               which
               doth
               terminate
               cold
               ,
               should
               increase
               the
               coldness
               of
               the
               water
               .
               Also
               if
               we
               should
               grant
               this
               Antiperistasis
               ,
               we
               must
               deny
               the
               reaction
               and
               resistance
               between
               the
               qualities
               of
               the
               Elements
               :
               and
               so
               overthrow
               all
               temperaments
               which
               arise
               from
               thence
               :
               and
               also
               our
               composition
               of
               medicines
               were
               in
               vain
               .
               
               Wherefore
               this
               Antiperistasis
               is
               an
               idle
               invention
               to
               maintain
               this
               purpose
               .
            
             
               Others
               attribute
               this
               actual
               heat
               to
               quick
               Lyme
               ,
               which
               doth
               readily
               heat
               any
               water
               call
               upon
               it
               ,
               and
               also
               kindle
               any
               combustible
               substance
               put
               into
               it
               ;
               this
               is
               Democritus
               his
               opinion
               .
               
               To
               this
               I
               answer
               ,
               that
               Lyme
               is
               an
               artificial
               thing
               ,
               not
               natural
               ,
               and
               is
               never
               found
               in
               the
               bowels
               of
               the
               earth
               .
               Besides
               ,
               if
               it
               were
               found
               ,
               one
               fusion
               of
               water
               extinguisheth
               the
               heat
               of
               it
               ,
               and
               then
               it
               lyeth
               like
               a
               dead
               earth
               ,
               and
               will
               yield
               nor
               more
               heat
               ,
               So
               as
               this
               cannot
               procure
               a
               perpetual
               
               heat
               to
               Bathes
               :
               neither
               can
               the
               Lymestones
               without
               calcination
               ,
               yield
               any
               heat
               to
               water
               ,
               nor
               will
               break
               and
               crackle
               upon
               the
               affusion
               on
               water
               ,
               as
               Lyme
               doth
               .
               Wherefore
               this
               opinion
               is
               altogether
               improbable
               .
            
             
               Others
               attribute
               this
               actual
               heat
               to
               a
               subterranean
               fire
               kindled
               in
               the
               bowels
               of
               the
               earth
               .
               Let
               us
               consider
               how
               this
               may
               be
               .
               
               Fire
               is
               a
               quality
               and
               the
               highest
               degree
               of
               heat
               ,
               which
               cannot
               subsist
               without
               a
               subject
               ;
               for
               I
               define
               it
               to
               be
               
                 intensissimus
                 color
                 in
                 corpore
                 cremabili
              
               :
               The
               highest
               degree
               of
               heat
               in
               a
               combustible
               body
               :
               And
               it
               is
               received
               into
               his
               subject
               either
               by
               propagation
               or
               coition
               ,
               as
               when
               one
               candle
               lights
               another
               ,
               or
               by
               motion
               ,
               as
               collision
               ,
               concussion
               ,
               dilatation
               ,
               comprission
               ,
               putrefaction
               ,
               fermentalion
               ,
               reflection
               ,
               &c.
               yet
               all
               motion
               doth
               not
               kindle
               fire
               although
               it
               heat
               ;
               neither
               are
               all
               substances
               apt
               to
               be
               heated
               by
               motion
               .
               Air
               and
               water
               are
               rather
               colder
               by
               motion
               :
               but
               this
               rule
               holds
               in
               such
               things
               as
               are
               apt
               to
               receive
               heat
               by
               motion
               ,
               as
               solid
               substances
               ,
               combustible
               substances
               ,
               &c.
               
               And
               the
               heat
               of
               animals
               ,
               vegetables
               ,
               and
               minerals
               ,
               which
               they
               have
               for
               their
               generation
               and
               nutrition
               ,
               is
               from
               motion
               :
               although
               this
               heat
               is
               not
               in
               so
               high
               a
               degree
               as
               fire
               is
               ,
               for
               then
               it
               would
               consume
               them
               ;
               but
               as
               the
               motion
               is
               moderate
               ,
               and
               agreeable
               to
               each
               nature
               ,
               so
               is
               the
               heat
               .
               This
               motion
               in
               natural
               things
               proceeds
               from
               their
               seeds
               ,
               or
               forms
               ,
               and
               may
               be
               called
               internal
               or
               natural
               .
               External
               motions
               are
               violent
               agitations
               ,
               concussions
               ,
               &c.
               which
               commonly
               kindle
               fire
               in
               apt
               matter
               .
               As
               for
               the
               element
               of
               fire
               ,
               which
               should
               be
               pure
               ,
               not
               shining
               ,
               
               and
               therefore
               invisible
               ,
               and
               subsisting
               without
               a
               subject
               or
               fewel
               :
               let
               them
               find
               it
               who
               know
               where
               to
               seek
               for
               it
               .
               For
               my
               part
               I
               know
               no
               element
               of
               fire
               ,
               unless
               we
               should
               make
               it
               to
               be
               that
               which
               is
               natural
               to
               all
               creatures
               and
               their
               seeds
               ,
               causing
               their
               fermenting
               heat
               ,
               whereof
               I
               shall
               speak
               anon
               .
               And
               this
               interpretation
               we
               may
               well
               make
               of
               Hypocrates
               ,
               where
               he
               faith
               ,
               that
               all
               things
               are
               made
               of
               fire
               and
               water
               ;
               and
               that
               these
               two
               are
               sufficient
               for
               all
               generations
               ;
               fire
               giving
               motion
               ,
               and
               water
               nutrition
               .
               
               And
               it
               is
               not
               likely
               that
               this
               fire
               should
               be
               fetched
               from
               :
               a
               remote
               place
               ,
               and
               downwards
               ,
               against
               the
               nature
               of
               fire
               ,
               for
               every
               generation
               :
               but
               that
               it
               be
               near
               hand
               ,
               and
               inbred
               in
               the
               seeds
               themselves
               ,
               as
               the
               principal
               ingredient
               into
               every
               natural
               thing
               ;
               whereas
               if
               it
               were
               remote
               ,
               what
               should
               bring
               it
               continually
               ,
               and
               unite
               it
               with
               the
               other
               elements
               in
               these
               generations
               ?
               Wherefore
               this
               is
               most
               likely
               to
               be
               the
               element
               of
               fire
               ,
               Our
               burning
               fire
               is
               all
               of
               one
               nature
               ,
               not
               differing
               in
               kind
               ,
               but
               only
               in
               degree
               according
               to
               the
               quality
               of
               the
               fewel
               .
               Some
               fewels
               will
               make
               a
               manifest
               flame
               ,
               as
               all
               thin
               and
               light
               substances
               ,
               Sulphur
               ,
               liquid
               Bitumen
               ,
               Oyle
               ,
               Fat
               ,
               &c.
               
               Some
               only
               a
               glowing
               coal
               ,
               with
               little
               or
               no
               flame
               ,
               as
               some
               forts
               of
               Stone-coal
               .
               Yet
               all
               fire
               doth
               send
               forth
               fuliginous
               vapours
               ,
               which
               would
               choak
               it
               if
               there
               were
               not
               vent
               for
               them
               into
               the
               air
               :
               as
               we
               see
               in
               the
               making
               of
               Char-coal
               ,
               although
               they
               cover
               their
               fire
               with
               lome
               ,
               yet
               they
               must
               leave
               some
               vent
               for
               the
               smoke
               ;
               though
               not
               so
               much
               as
               may
               make
               it
               to
               flame
               ,
               yet
               enough
               to
               maintain
               the
               fire
               .
               Of
               the
               first
               flaming
               fort
               there
               
               are
               divers
               degrees
               ,
               as
               that
               of
               Straw
               ,
               Brimstone
               ,
               Spirit
               of
               Wine
               ,
               Naphtha
               ,
               Petroleum
               ,
               &c.
               
               Some
               of
               which
               will
               scarcely
               take
               hold
               upon
               other
               fewel
               :
               as
               one
               may
               wet
               a
               linnen
               cloath
               in
               Spirit
               of
               Wine
               ,
               and
               being
               kindled
               ,
               he
               shall
               hardly
               find
               the
               cloath
               scorched
               .
               The
               like
               hath
               been
               observed
               in
               that
               exhalation
               which
               is
               called
               
                 ignis
                 satuus
              
               ,
               being
               of
               a
               very
               thin
               substance
               ,
               for
               Bitumen
               or
               Naphtha
               .
               Some
               reckon
               Comets
               among
               these
               fiery
               exhalations
               :
               but
               I
               can
               hardly
               believe
               that
               they
               are
               any
               kindled
               substances
               .
               
               First
               because
               their
               flame
               is
               not
               pyramidal
               ,
               as
               it
               is
               in
               all
               kindled
               substances
               .
               Secondly
               ,
               because
               if
               they
               be
               of
               a
               thin
               substance
               from
               Sulphur
               and
               Bitumen
               ,
               the
               flame
               would
               be
               greater
               ,
               seeing
               it
               must
               be
               plentiful
               ,
               if
               it
               continue
               so
               long
               in
               burning
               ,
               as
               we
               find
               them
               to
               do
               .
               Or
               admit
               that
               this
               matter
               be
               kindled
               by
               succession
               ,
               yet
               it
               is
               incredible
               that
               it
               should
               continue
               burning
               above
               a
               year
               together
               ;
               as
               that
               Comet
               Xiphian
               ,
               which
               lasted
               a
               whole
               year
               :
               Another
               ,
               Anno
               1572.
               under
               the
               constellation
               of
               Cassiopaea
               ,
               lasted
               a
               year
               and
               a
               half
               ,
               others
               six
               months
               ,
               others
               three
               ,
               &c.
               
               If
               the
               Sulphurous
               or
               Bituminous
               matter
               be
               thick
               ,
               it
               will
               melt
               in
               burning
               ,
               and
               rain
               down
               Brimstone
               and
               Bitumen
               upon
               us
               .
               Thirdly
               ,
               if
               Comets
               were
               kindled
               substances
               ,
               what
               entertainment
               could
               they
               find
               above
               the
               Moon
               ,
               and
               among
               the
               spheres
               ,
               where
               they
               say
               no
               corruptible
               or
               elementary
               substance
               can
               be
               indured
               .
               But
               many
               of
               our
               Comets
               have
               been
               observed
               to
               have
               been
               above
               the
               Moon
               ,
               and
               some
               among
               the
               fixed
               Starrs
               ,
               as
               hath
               been
               observed
               by
               
                 Tycho
                 Brahe
              
               ,
               and
               Clavius
               :
               and
               upon
               due
               observation
               
               they
               could
               find
               some
               of
               them
               to
               admit
               no
               Paralaxis
               ,
               or
               diversity
               of
               aspect
               to
               any
               star
               in
               different
               Climats
               .
            
             
               This
               argumnnt
               may
               be
               good
               against
               a
               Peripatetick
               ;
               but
               a
               Platonist
               ,
               or
               a
               Pytnagorean
               ,
               who
               hold
               the
               Heavens
               to
               be
               made
               of
               elementary
               matter
               ,
               and
               subject
               to
               generation
               and
               corruption
               ,
               will
               not
               allow
               it
               ,
               no
               more
               will
               many
               of
               our
               Divines
               .
            
             
               For
               glowing
               fires
               ,
               we
               have
               none
               but
               they
               must
               be
               kindled
               ,
               and
               then
               they
               must
               have
               vent
               for
               their
               fuliginous
               vapours
               ,
               and
               they
               must
               be
               kindled
               either
               by
               propagation
               or
               coition
               from
               some
               other
               fire
               ,
               or
               by
               violent
               motion
               able
               to
               kindle
               them
               ,
               which
               we
               shall
               hardly
               find
               in
               the
               bowels
               of
               the
               earth
               ,
               where
               all
               is
               quiet
               ,
               and
               no
               space
               for
               any
               such
               perturbation
               .
            
             
               But
               they
               say
               there
               is
               an
               
                 ignis
                 subterraneus
              
               ,
               which
               being
               kindled
               upon
               Sulphur
               and
               Bitumen
               ,
               disperseth
               it self
               among
               other
               Mines
               of
               the
               like
               nature
               ,
               and
               sets
               them
               on
               fire
               .
               Now
               we
               are
               come
               from
               Heaven
               to
               Hell
               ,
               or
               to
               Purgatory
               at
               the
               least
               ,
               which
               Pyhagoras
               calls
               
                 materiam
                 vatum
                 falsique
                 pericula
                 mundi
              
               ;
               The
               dream
               of
               Poets
               ,
               and
               a
               forged
               fear
               .
               
               The
               largest
               description
               of
               it
               is
               in
               Virgil
               :
               from
               whence
               both
               Divines
               and
               Philosophers
               derive
               much
               matter
               :
               and
               Beccius
               doth
               believe
               that
               there
               is
               such
               a
               thing
               in
               the
               Center
               of
               the
               Earth
               .
               But
               if
               we
               observe
               Virgil
               well
               ,
               we
               shall
               find
               that
               he
               propounds
               it
               but
               as
               a
               dream
               :
               for
               in
               the
               end
               of
               that
               Book
               he
               saith
               ,
               
               
                 
                   Sunt
                   gemina
                   somni
                   portae
                   ;
                   quarum
                   altera
                   fortur
                
                 
                   Cornea
                   ,
                   qua
                   veris
                   facilis
                   datur
                   exitus
                   umbris
                   :
                
                 
                   Altera
                   candenti
                   perfecta
                   nitens
                   Elephauto
                   ,
                
                 
                   Sed
                   falsa
                   ad
                   Coelum
                   mittunt
                   insomnia
                   manes
                   .
                   
                
              
               
                 
                   Dreams
                   have
                   two
                   gates
                   ,
                   the
                   one
                   is
                   said
                   to
                   be
                
                 
                   Of
                   Horn
                   ,
                   through
                   which
                   all
                   true
                   conceits
                   de
                   flee
                   ;
                
                 
                   The
                   other
                   framed
                   all
                   of
                   Ivory
                   rare
                   ,
                
                 
                   But
                   le
                   ts
                   out
                   none
                   but
                   such
                   as
                   forged
                   are
                   .
                
              
            
             
               Now
               saith
               he
               ,
               when
               Anchyses
               had
               led
               AEneas
               and
               Sibilla
               through
               Hell
               ,
               he
               lets
               them
               forth
               at
               the
               Ivory
               gate
               (
               
                 Portaque
                 emittit
                 Eburna
              
               :
               )
               As
               if
               he
               should
               say
               ;
               all
               that
               I
               have
               related
               of
               Hell
               ,
               is
               but
               a
               fiction
               ;
               and
               thus
               
                 Ludovicus
                 Vives
              
               interprets
               it
               in
               his
               Comment
               upon
               this
               place
               .
            
             
               I
               hope
               none
               will
               think
               that
               I
               deny
               a
               Hell
               ,
               but
               I
               approve
               not
               of
               the
               assignment
               of
               it
               to
               the
               center
               of
               the
               earth
               ,
               or
               that
               that
               fire
               should
               serve
               as
               Baccius
               would
               have
               it
               ,
               to
               further
               all
               generations
               in
               the
               earth
               :
               and
               as
               others
               ,
               to
               be
               the
               cause
               of
               Fountains
               ,
               Winds
               ,
               Earth-quakes
               ,
               Vulcanoes
               ,
               Storms
               ,
               Saltness
               of
               the
               Sea
               ,
               &c.
               nor
               of
               the
               actual
               heat
               of
               our
               Bathes
               ,
               although
               it
               be
               the
               most
               common
               received
               opinion
               .
            
             
               First
               for
               the
               place
               ,
               it
               is
               not
               likely
               that
               the
               center
               of
               the
               earth
               ,
               whither
               all
               heavy
               things
               do
               tend
               ,
               should
               be
               hollow
               ,
               but
               rather
               more
               compact
               then
               any
               other
               part
               of
               the
               earth
               ,
               as
               likewise
               Valesius
               thinks
               ;
               but
               if
               there
               be
               any
               concavities
               ,
               they
               are
               between
               the
               Center
               and
               the
               Superficies
               ;
               and
               these
               concavities
               being
               receptacles
               of
               water
               from
               the
               Sea
               ,
               cannot
               also
               receive
               fire
               .
               
               These
               two
               will
               not
               agree
               together
               in
               one
               place
               ,
               but
               the
               one
               will
               expel
               the
               other
               :
               for
               whereas
               some
               hold
               that
               Bitumen
               will
               burn
               in
               water
               ,
               and
               is
               nourished
               by
               it
               ,
               it
               is
               absolutely
               false
               ,
               as
               experience
               shews
               ;
               and
               I
               have
               touched
               it
               among
               the
               Bitumina
               .
               
            
             
               Moreover
               ,
               if
               the
               heat
               which
               warms
               our
               Bathes
               did
               proceed
               from
               hence
               ,
               there
               must
               be
               huge
               vessels
               above
               the
               fire
               to
               contain
               water
               ,
               whereby
               the
               fire
               might
               heat
               it
               ,
               and
               not
               be
               quenched
               by
               it
               .
               Also
               the
               vapours
               arising
               from
               hence
               ,
               must
               be
               hotter
               then
               water
               can
               endure
               ,
               or
               be
               capable
               of
               ;
               for
               as
               they
               ascend
               towards
               the
               superficies
               of
               the
               earth
               ,
               they
               must
               needs
               be
               cooled
               as
               they
               pass
               by
               Rocks
               ,
               or
               else
               they
               could
               not
               be
               congealed
               into
               water
               again
               :
               and
               after
               this
               congelation
               ,
               the
               water
               hath
               lost
               most
               of
               his
               heat
               ,
               as
               we
               find
               in
               our
               ordinary
               distillations
               of
               Rose-water
               ,
               &c.
               where
               we
               see
               our
               water
               to
               descend
               into
               the
               receive
               ;
               almost
               cold
               ;
               so
               that
               they
               cannot
               derive
               our
               hot
               Bathes
               from
               hence
               .
            
             
               Secondly
               ,
               for
               the
               fire
               it self
               ,
               although
               water
               and
               air
               may
               be
               received
               into
               the
               bowels
               of
               the
               earth
               ,
               yet
               there
               is
               great
               difficulty
               for
               fire
               .
               For
               the
               other
               two
               need
               no
               nourishment
               to
               support
               them
               ,
               as
               fire
               doth
               .
               If
               there
               be
               not
               competency
               of
               air
               to
               nourish
               the
               fire
               by
               venting
               his
               fuligious
               vapours
               ,
               howsoever
               there
               be
               fewel
               enough
               ,
               it
               is
               suddenly
               quenched
               ,
               and
               such
               huge
               and
               flaming
               fire
               as
               this
               must
               be
               ,
               will
               require
               more
               air
               then
               can
               there
               be
               yielded
               :
               a
               great
               part
               thereof
               passing
               away
               through
               the
               secret
               creeks
               of
               Rocks
               ,
               and
               little
               or
               none
               entring
               through
               the
               Sea.
               And
               therefore
               daily
               experience
               shews
               ,
               that
               our
               mineral
               
               men
               are
               fain
               to
               sink
               new
               Shafts
               (
               as
               they
               call
               them
               )
               to
               admit
               air
               to
               their
               works
               ,
               otherwise
               their
               lights
               would
               go
               out
               .
               Although
               one
               would
               think
               ,
               that
               where
               many
               men
               may
               have
               room
               enough
               to
               work
               ,
               there
               would
               be
               space
               enough
               for
               air
               to
               maintain
               a
               few
               lights
               .
               The
               like
               we
               see
               in
               Cupping-glasses
               ,
               where
               the
               light
               goes
               out
               as
               soon
               as
               they
               are
               applied
               .
               Also
               there
               are
               no
               fires
               perpetual
               ,
               as
               hot
               Bathes
               are
               ,
               but
               are
               either
               extinct
               ,
               or
               keep
               not
               the
               same
               tenor
               .
               Wherefore
               fire
               cannot
               be
               the
               cause
               of
               this
               constant
               heat
               of
               Bathes
               .
               It
               must
               be
               a
               continual
               cause
               that
               can
               make
               a
               continual
               hea●
               .
               Also
               where
               fire
               is
               ,
               there
               will
               be
               smoak
               ,
               for
               as
               it
               breeds
               exhalations
               ,
               so
               it
               sends
               them
               forth
               .
               But
               in
               most
               of
               our
               hot
               Bathes
               we
               find
               none
               of
               these
               dry
               exhalations
               .
               Moreover
               ,
               fire
               is
               more
               hardly
               pend
               in
               then
               air
               ;
               yet
               we
               see
               that
               air
               doth
               break
               forth
               :
               wherefore
               fire
               should
               also
               make
               his
               way
               ,
               having
               fuel
               enough
               to
               maintain
               it
               .
               So
               they
               say
               it
               doth
               in
               our
               Vulcanoes
               at
               Hecla
               in
               
                 Iseland
                 ,
                 AEtna
              
               in
               
                 Sicicy
                 ,
                 Vesuvio
              
               in
               Campania
               ,
               in
               
                 Enaria
                 ,
                 AEolia
                 ,
                 Lipara
              
               ,
               &c.
               
               But
               it
               is
               yet
               unproved
               that
               these
               eruptions
               of
               fire
               do
               proceed
               from
               any
               deep
               cause
               ,
               but
               only
               are
               kindled
               upon
               or
               neer
               the
               superficies
               of
               the
               earth
               ,
               where
               there
               is
               air
               enough
               to
               feed
               it
               ,
               and
               means
               enough
               to
               kindle
               it
               by
               lightnings
               ,
               or
               other
               casual
               means
               .
               Whereas
               in
               the
               bowels
               of
               the
               earth
               ,
               there
               is
               neither
               air
               to
               nourish
               it
               ,
               nor
               any
               means
               to
               kindle
               it
               ;
               seeing
               neither
               the
               beams
               of
               the
               Sun
               ,
               nor
               Wind
               ,
               or
               other
               Exhalations
               ,
               nor
               any
               Antiperistasis
               ,
               nor
               Lyme
               ,
               nor
               Lightnings
               can
               do
               it
               .
               For
               the
               same
               reasons
               that
               exclude
               the
               Beams
               of
               the
               Sun
               and
               
               exhalations
               ,
               will
               likewise
               exclude
               lightnings
               .
            
             
               Thirdly
               ,
               for
               the
               fuel
               ,
               there
               are
               only
               two
               substances
               in
               the
               bowels
               of
               the
               earth
               ,
               which
               are
               apt
               fuels
               for
               fire
               ,
               Bitumen
               and
               Sulphur
               .
               
            
             
               Sulphur
               is
               in
               such
               request
               with
               all
               men
               ,
               as
               they
               think
               there
               can
               be
               no
               not
               Bath
               without
               it
               :
               nay
               many
               hold
               ,
               that
               if
               water
               do
               but
               pass
               thorow
               a
               Mine
               of
               Brimstone
               ,
               although
               it
               be
               not
               kindled
               ,
               but
               actually
               cold
               ,
               yet
               it
               will
               contract
               from
               thence
               ,
               not
               only
               a
               potential
               ,
               but
               an
               actual
               heat
               .
               
               But
               we
               do
               manifestly
               find
               ,
               that
               neither
               all
               hot
               waters
               are
               sulphurous
               ,
               nor
               all
               sulphurous
               waters
               hot
               (
               as
               is
               said
               before
               in
               Sulphur
               .
               )
            
             
               The
               Bathes
               of
               Caldaneila
               and
               
                 Avinian
                 in
                 agro
                 Senensi
                 ,
                 de
                 Grotta
                 in
                 Viterbio
                 ,
                 de
                 aquis
                 in
                 Pisano
                 ,
                 Divi
                 Johannis
                 in
                 agro
                 Lacenss
                 ,
                 Balneum
                 Geber
                 suilleri
                 in
                 Halsatia
                 ,
                 &c.
              
               are
               all
               hot
               ,
               and
               yet
               give
               no
               signe
               of
               Sulphur
               ,
               either
               by
               smell
               ,
               or
               taste
               ,
               or
               quality
               ,
               or
               effect
               .
               Contrariwise
               that
               all
               sulphurous
               waters
               are
               not
               hot
               ,
               may
               appear
               by
               the
               Bathes
               in
               Zurich
               in
               Helvetia
               ,
               of
               Buda
               in
               Pannonia
               ,
               at
               Cure
               in
               
                 Rhetia
                 ,
                 Celenses
              
               in
               Germany
               .
               In
               Campania
               between
               Naples
               and
               Pateolum
               ,
               are
               many
               cold
               sulphurous
               Springs
               .
               At
               
                 Brandula
                 in
                 agro
                 Carpensi
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               All
               which
               Bathes
               shew
               much
               Sulphur
               to
               be
               in
               them
               ,
               and
               yet
               are
               cold
               .
               And
               no
               marvel
               ,
               for
               if
               we
               insuse
               any
               simple
               ,
               be
               it
               never
               so
               hot
               potentially
               ,
               yet
               it
               will
               not
               make
               the
               liquor
               actually
               hot
               .
               Wherefore
               this
               Sulphur
               must
               burn
               before
               it
               can
               give
               any
               actual
               heat
               to
               our
               Bathes
               ;
               and
               then
               it
               must
               needs
               be
               subject
               to
               the
               former
               difficulties
               ,
               and
               also
               must
               be
               continually
               repaired
               by
               new
               generations
               of
               matter
               ,
               which
               actual
               fire
               cannot
               further
               ,
               but
               rather
               hinder
               .
               
               The
               fire
               generates
               nothing
               ,
               but
               consumes
               all
               things
               .
               
            
             
               The
               like
               we
               may
               judge
               of
               Bitumen
               ,
               that
               unless
               it
               be
               kindled
               ,
               it
               can
               yield
               no
               heat
               to
               our
               Bathes
               ;
               as
               Solinander
               reports
               of
               a
               Bituminous
               Mine
               in
               
                 Westfalia
                 ,
                 in
                 agro
                 Tremonensi
              
               ,
               where
               going
               down
               into
               the
               Grove
               ,
               he
               found
               much
               water
               ,
               having
               the
               smell
               ,
               taste
               ,
               and
               colour
               of
               Bitumen
               ,
               and
               yet
               cold
               .
               Agricola
               imputes
               the
               chief
               cause
               of
               the
               heating
               of
               Bathes
               ,
               unto
               the
               fuel
               of
               Bitumen
               ;
               Baccius
               on
               the
               other
               side
               to
               Sulphur
               .
               But
               in
               my
               opinion
               ,
               they
               need
               not
               contend
               about
               it
               .
               For
               ,
               as
               I
               have
               shewed
               before
               in
               the
               examples
               of
               mineral
               waters
               ,
               there
               are
               many
               hot
               Springs
               from
               other
               minerals
               ,
               where
               neither
               Sulphur
               nor
               Bitomen
               have
               been
               observed
               to
               be
               .
               
                 John
                 de
                 Dondis
              
               ,
               and
               
                 Julius
                 Alexandrinus
              
               were
               much
               unsatisfied
               in
               these
               opinions
               ,
               and
               did
               rather
               acknowledge
               their
               ignorance
               ,
               then
               that
               they
               would
               subscribe
               unto
               them
               .
               I
               need
               not
               dispute
               whether
               this
               fire
               be
               
                 in
                 Alveis
              
               ,
               or
               
                 in
                 Canalibus
              
               ,
               or
               
                 in
                 vicinis
                 partibus
                 ,
                 &c.
              
               because
               I
               think
               it
               is
               in
               neither
               of
               them
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               XIV
               .
            
             
               
                 The
                 Authors
                 opinion
                 concerning
                 the
                 cause
                 of
                 actual
                 heat
                 ,
                 and
                 medicinal
                 virtue
                 in
                 Mineral
                 Waters
                 .
              
            
             
               VVHerefore
               finding
               all
               the
               former
               opinions
               to
               be
               doubtfull
               and
               weakly
               grounded
               concerning
               the
               causes
               of
               the
               actual
               heat
               of
               Bathes
               ;
               let
               me
               presume
               to
               propound
               another
               ,
               which
               I
               perswade
               my self
               to
               be
               more
               true
               and
               certain
               .
               But
               because
               it
               hath
               not
               been
               mentioned
               by
               any
               Author
               that
               I
               know
               ,
               I
               have
               no
               mans
               steps
               to
               follow
               in
               it
               .
               
                 
                   Avia
                   Doctorum
                   peragro
                   loca
                   ,
                   nullius
                   ante
                   Trita
                   solo
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   I
                   travel
                   where
                   no
                   path
                   is
                   to
                   be
                   seen
                
                 
                   Of
                   any
                   learned
                   foot
                   that
                   here
                   hath
                   been
                   .
                
              
            
             
               Which
               makes
               me
               fearfull
               in
               the
               delivery
               of
               it
               .
               But
               if
               I
               do
               err
               in
               it
               ,
               I
               hope
               I
               shall
               not
               be
               blamed
               ;
               seeing
               I
               do
               it
               in
               disquisition
               of
               the
               truth
               .
            
             
               I
               have
               in
               the
               former
               Chapters
               set
               down
               mine
               opinion
               concerning
               the
               generation
               of
               minerals
               ,
               that
               they
               have
               their
               seminaries
               in
               the
               earth
               replenished
               with
               spirits
               ,
               and
               faculties
               attending
               them
               ;
               which
               meeting
               with
               convenient
               matter
               and
               adiuvant
               causes
               ,
               do
               proceed
               to
               the
               generation
               of
               several
               species
               ,
               according
               to
               the
               nature
               of
               the
               efficient
               ,
               and
               aptnes
               of
               the
               matter
               .
               In
               
               this
               work
               of
               generation
               ,
               as
               there
               is
               
                 generatio
                 unius
              
               ,
               so
               there
               must
               be
               
                 corruptio
                 alterius
              
               .
               And
               this
               cannot
               be
               done
               without
               a
               superiour
               power
               ,
               which
               by
               moisture
               ,
               dilating
               it self
               ,
               worketh
               upon
               the
               matter
               ,
               like
               a
               ferment
               to
               bring
               it
               to
               his
               own
               purpose
               .
               This
               motion
               between
               the
               agent
               spirit
               ,
               and
               the
               patient
               matter
               ,
               proceedeth
               from
               an
               actual
               heat
               (
               
                 ex
                 motu
                 fit
                 calor
              
               )
               which
               serves
               as
               an
               instrument
               to
               further
               this
               work
               .
               *
               And
               this
               motion
               being
               natural
               and
               not
               violent
               produceth
               a
               natural
               heat
               which
               furthers
               generations
               ;
               not
               a
               destructive
               heat
               .
               For
               as
               cold
               dulls
               and
               benumbs
               all
               faculties
               ,
               so
               heat
               doth
               quicken
               them
               ,
               This
               I
               shewed
               in
               the
               example
               of
               Malt.
               It
               is
               likewise
               true
               in
               every
               particular
               grain
               of
               Corn
               sown
               in
               the
               ground
               ,
               although
               by
               reason
               they
               lie
               single
               ,
               their
               actual
               heat
               is
               not
               discernable
               by
               touch
               ,
               yet
               we
               find
               that
               external
               heat
               and
               moisture
               do
               further
               their
               spiring
               ,
               as
               adiuvant
               causes
               ;
               where
               the
               chief
               agent
               is
               the
               generative
               spirit
               in
               the
               seed
               .
               So
               I
               take
               it
               to
               be
               in
               minerals
               ,
               with
               those
               distinctions
               before
               mentioned
               .
               And
               in
               this
               all
               generations
               agree
               ,
               that
               an
               actual
               heat
               ,
               together
               with
               moisture
               ,
               is
               requisite
               :
               otherwise
               there
               can
               neither
               be
               the
               corruption
               of
               the
               one
               ,
               nor
               the
               generation
               of
               the
               other
               .
               This
               actual
               heat
               is
               less
               sensible
               in
               small
               seeds
               and
               tender
               bodies
               ,
               then
               it
               is
               in
               the
               great
               and
               plentifull
               generations
               ,
               and
               in
               hard
               and
               compact
               matter
               :
               for
               hard
               bodies
               are
               not
               so
               easily
               reduced
               to
               a
               new
               form
               ,
               as
               tender
               bodies
               are
               ;
               but
               require
               both
               more
               spirit
               and
               longer
               time
               to
               be
               wrought
               upon
               .
               And
               therefore
               whereas
               vegetable
               generations
               are
               brought
               to
               perfection
               in
               a
               few
               months
               ,
               these
               
               mineral
               generations
               do
               require
               many
               years
               ,
               as
               hath
               been
               observed
               by
               Mineral
               men
               .
               Moreover
               ,
               these
               generations
               are
               not
               terminated
               with
               one
               production
               ,
               but
               as
               the
               seed
               gathereth
               strength
               by
               enlarging
               it self
               ,
               so
               it
               continually
               proceeds
               to
               subdue
               more
               matter
               under
               his
               government
               :
               so
               as
               ,
               where
               once
               any
               generation
               is
               begu●
               ,
               it
               continues
               many
               ages
               ,
               and
               seldome
               gives
               over
               .
               As
               we
               see
               in
               the
               Iron
               Mines
               of
               Illua
               ,
               the
               Tin
               Mines
               in
               Cornwall
               ,
               the
               Lead
               Mines
               at
               Mendip
               ,
               and
               the
               Peak
               ,
               &c.
               which
               do
               not
               only
               stretch
               further
               in
               extent
               of
               ground
               ,
               than
               hath
               been
               observed
               heretofore
               ;
               but
               also
               are
               renewed
               in
               the
               same
               groves
               which
               have
               been
               formerly
               wrought
               ,
               as
               our
               Tinners
               in
               Cornwall
               do
               acknowledge
               ;
               and
               the
               examples
               of
               Illua
               and
               Saga
               before
               mentioned
               ,
               do
               confirm
               .
               This
               is
               a
               sufficient
               means
               for
               the
               perpetuity
               of
               our
               hot
               Springs
               ;
               that
               if
               the
               actual
               heat
               proceed
               from
               hence
               ,
               there
               need
               be
               no
               doubt
               of
               the
               continuance
               of
               them
               ,
               nor
               of
               their
               equal
               tenor
               or
               degree
               of
               heat
               .
            
             
               Now
               for
               the
               nature
               of
               this
               heat
               ,
               it
               is
               not
               a
               destructive
               heat
               ,
               as
               that
               of
               fire
               is
               ,
               but
               a
               generative
               heat
               joyned
               with
               moysture
               .
               It
               needs
               no
               air
               for
               eventilation
               ,
               as
               the
               other
               doth
               .
               It
               is
               in
               degree
               hot
               enough
               for
               the
               hottest
               Baths
               that
               are
               ,
               if
               it
               be
               not
               too
               remote
               from
               the
               place
               where
               the
               water
               issueth
               forth
               .
               It
               is
               a
               means
               to
               impart
               the
               qualities
               of
               minerals
               to
               our
               waters
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               heat
               ,
               by
               reason
               the
               minerals
               are
               then
               
                 in
                 solutis
                 principiis
              
               ,
               in
               their
               liquid
               forms
               ,
               and
               not
               consolidated
               into
               hard
               bodies
               .
               For
               when
               they
               are
               consolidated
               ,
               there
               are
               few
               of
               them
               that
               will
               yield
               any
               quality
               to
               water
               ,
               unless
               they
               be
               the
               concrete
               
               juyces
               ,
               or
               any
               actual
               heat
               ,
               because
               that
               is
               procured
               by
               the
               contiguity
               of
               bodies
               ,
               when
               one
               part
               lyeth
               upon
               another
               ,
               and
               not
               when
               they
               are
               grown
               
                 in
                 corpus
                 continuum
              
               ;
               as
               we
               see
               in
               Malt
               ,
               where
               by
               turning
               and
               changing
               the
               contiguity
               ,
               the
               heat
               is
               increased
               ,
               but
               by
               suffering
               it
               to
               unite
               ,
               is
               quenched
               :
               But
               before
               consolidation
               ,
               any
               of
               them
               may
               yield
               either
               spirit
               or
               juyce
               ,
               or
               tincture
               to
               the
               waters
               ,
               which
               by
               reason
               of
               their
               tenuity
               (
               as
               is
               said
               before
               )
               are
               apt
               to
               imbibe
               them
               .
               Now
               if
               actual
               fire
               kindled
               in
               the
               earth
               ,
               should
               meet
               with
               these
               minerals
               whilst
               they
               are
               in
               generation
               ,
               it
               would
               dissipate
               the
               spirits
               ,
               and
               destroy
               the
               minerals
               .
               
               If
               it
               meet
               with
               them
               after
               consolidation
               ,
               it
               will
               never
               be
               able
               to
               attenuate
               them
               so
               ,
               as
               to
               make
               them
               yield
               their
               qualities
               to
               water
               .
               For
               we
               never
               find
               any
               metals
               or
               minerals
               melted
               in
               the
               earth
               ,
               which
               must
               be
               ,
               if
               the
               heat
               of
               actual
               fire
               were
               such
               as
               is
               imagined
               :
               neither
               do
               we
               ever
               find
               any
               flores
               of
               metal
               sublimed
               in
               the
               earth
               .
               This
               natural
               heat
               is
               daily
               found
               by
               our
               Mineral
               men
               in
               the
               Mines
               ,
               so
               as
               oftentimes
               they
               are
               not
               able
               to
               touch
               them
               ,
               as
               Agricola
               testifieth
               ;
               although
               by
               opening
               their
               groves
               and
               admission
               of
               air
               ,
               it
               should
               be
               well
               qualified
               .
               Whereas
               on
               the
               other
               side
               ,
               it
               was
               never
               observed
               ,
               that
               any
               actual
               kindled
               fire
               was
               ever
               seen
               by
               workmen
               in
               the
               earth
               ,
               which
               were
               likely
               to
               be
               ,
               if
               these
               fires
               were
               so
               frequent
               .
            
             
               Wherefore
               seeing
               we
               see
               that
               Mineral
               waters
               do
               participate
               with
               all
               sorts
               of
               Minerals
               ,
               as
               well
               metals
               as
               other
               ,
               as
               hath
               been
               shewed
               in
               the
               particular
               examples
               of
               all
               of
               them
               :
               seeing
               also
               that
               few
               of
               them
               ,
               unless
               Mineral
               juyces
               ,
               are
               able
               to
               impart
               their
               quality
               to
               water
               ,
               as
               they
               are
               consolidated
               ,
               
               but
               only
               as
               they
               are
               in
               
                 solutis
                 principiis
              
               ,
               and
               whilst
               they
               are
               in
               generation
               ,
               as
               is
               agreed
               upon
               by
               all
               Authors
               :
               seeing
               also
               this
               natural
               heat
               of
               fermentation
               must
               necessarily
               be
               present
               for
               the
               perfecting
               of
               their
               generation
               ,
               and
               is
               sufficient
               ,
               in
               regard
               of
               the
               degree
               of
               heat
               to
               make
               our
               Baths
               as
               hot
               as
               they
               are
               :
               seeing
               also
               that
               the
               other
               adventitious
               fire
               would
               rather
               destroy
               these
               Minerals
               ,
               than
               further
               them
               :
               seeing
               also
               we
               cannot
               imagine
               it
               either
               likely
               ,
               or
               possible
               ,
               without
               manifold
               difficulties
               and
               absurdities
               :
               I
               do
               conclude
               that
               both
               the
               actual
               heat
               of
               Baths
               ,
               and
               the
               Mineral
               qualities
               which
               they
               have
               ,
               are
               derived
               unto
               them
               by
               means
               of
               this
               fermenting
               heat
               :
               *
               Which
               is
               still
               
                 in
                 fieri
              
               ,
               not
               
                 in
                 facto
                 esse
              
               ,
               as
               the
               Schoolmen
               term
               it
               :
               and
               therefore
               makes
               the
               heat
               continual
               .
            
             
               Examples
               might
               be
               brought
               from
               all
               kind
               of
               generations
               ,
               and
               from
               some
               artificial
               works
               ,
               of
               this
               sermenting
               heat
               proceeding
               from
               the
               seeds
               of
               natural
               things
               .
               
               These
               seeds
               containing
               the
               species
               and
               kinds
               of
               natural
               bodies
               ,
               are
               not
               from
               the
               Elements
               ,
               but
               are
               placed
               in
               the
               Elements
               ,
               where
               they
               propagate
               their
               species
               and
               individuals
               ,
               according
               to
               their
               nature
               ,
               and
               have
               their
               due
               times
               and
               seasons
               of
               appearing
               upon
               the
               Stage
               of
               the
               World.
               Animals
               have
               their
               set
               times
               when
               their
               spermatick
               spirits
               are
               in
               turgescence
               ,
               
               some
               once
               ,
               some
               twice
               a
               year
               ,
               and
               some
               oftner
               :
               especially
               in
               the
               Spring
               ;
               
                 Vere
                 magis
                 ,
                 quia
                 Vere
                 calor
                 redit
                 ossibus
              
               ;
               as
               Virgil
               speaks
               of
               Mares
               :
               only
               man
               in
               regard
               of
               his
               excellency
               above
               other
               creatures
               ,
               is
               not
               so
               confinde
               .
            
             
               Vegetables
               have
               likewise
               their
               seasons
               of
               setting
               and
               planting
               ,
               as
               they
               may
               have
               the
               earth
               and
               the
               season
               most
               convenient
               :
               yet
               at
               any
               time
               ,
               if
               their
               seeds
               get
               moysture
               and
               heat
               to
               dilate
               them
               ,
               they
               will
               ferment
               and
               attempt
               the
               production
               of
               more
               individuals
               :
               but
               oftentimes
               the
               Artist
               doth
               abuse
               this
               intention
               of
               nature
               ,
               and
               converts
               it
               to
               his
               ends
               :
               and
               oftentimes
               nature
               being
               set
               in
               action
               to
               proceed
               
                 a
                 potentia
                 in
                 actum
              
               ,
               doth
               want
               convenient
               means
               to
               maintain
               her
               work
               :
               as
               when
               we
               see
               a
               Rick
               of
               Hay
               or
               Corn
               which
               hath
               received
               moysture
               ,
               burnt
               to
               ashes
               .
               So
               in
               the
               making
               of
               Malt
               ,
               or
               Woad
               ,
               or
               Bread
               ,
               or
               Beer
               ,
               or
               Wine
               ,
               &c.
               we
               make
               use
               of
               this
               generative
               spirit
               for
               our
               ends
               :
               that
               we
               may
               stir
               up
               ,
               and
               quicken
               it
               .
               Otherwise
               our
               Bread
               would
               not
               be
               so
               favou●y
               ,
               our
               Beer
               would
               be
               but
               Wort
               ,
               our
               Wine
               would
               be
               but
               Must
               or
               Plum-pottage
               ,
               and
               want
               those
               spirits
               which
               we
               desire
               ;
               and
               which
               lie
               dead
               and
               benummed
               in
               the
               seeds
               ,
               untill
               they
               come
               to
               fermentation
               .
               And
               in
               all
               these
               there
               is
               an
               actual
               heat
               ,
               although
               it
               appear
               not
               in
               liquid
               things
               ,
               so
               well
               as
               in
               dry
               :
               because
               it
               is
               there
               quenched
               by
               the
               abundance
               of
               moysture
               ;
               yet
               we
               may
               observe
               active
               spirits
               in
               it
               ,
               by
               the
               bubling
               and
               hissing
               ,
               and
               working
               of
               it
               .
               This
               is
               evident
               in
               artificial
               Wines
               ,
               which
               may
               be
               made
               of
               Figs
               ,
               Da●es
               ,
               dryed
               Raysing
               ,
               Currants
               ,
               Slows
               ,
               Strawberries
               ,
               Bramble-berries
               ,
               and
               such
               like
               ,
               when
               they
               are
               infused
               in
               
               water
               .
               They
               will
               ferment
               of
               their
               own
               accord
               ,
               by
               virtue
               of
               the
               seeds
               which
               are
               in
               them
               ,
               and
               make
               as
               good
               and
               as
               natural
               Wine
               as
               the
               juice
               of
               the
               green
               fruit
               ,
               as
               I
               have
               often
               proved
               .
               The
               Turks
               have
               a
               drink
               which
               they
               Call
               Couset
               or
               Posset
               ,
               which
               is
               made
               of
               Barly
               after
               such
               a
               manner
               ,
               as
               Bellonius
               reports
               in
               his
               observations
               .
               
               It
               seems
               also
               that
               the
               Scythians
               drink
               was
               made
               in
               this
               manner
               ,
               which
               Virgil
               speaks
               of
               .
               
                 
                   Hic
                   noctem
                   ludo
                   ducunt
                   ,
                   &
                   pocula
                   laeti
                
                 
                   Fermento
                   atque
                   acidis
                   imitantur
                   vitea
                   sorbis
                   .
                   
                
              
               
                 
                   They
                   dance
                   and
                   quaff
                   ,
                   by
                   the
                   Moon-shine
                   ,
                
                 
                   Fermented
                   juice
                   of
                   Slows
                   ,
                   like
                   Wine
                   .
                
              
            
             
               And
               I
               perswade
               my self
               that
               we
               have
               not
               yet
               attained
               to
               a
               perfect
               artifice
               of
               our
               Beer
               and
               Ale
               ,
               which
               stands
               upon
               the
               same
               grounds
               ,
               and
               may
               be
               wrought
               in
               such
               a
               manner
               ,
               if
               they
               would
               take
               the
               pains
               to
               try
               some
               conclusions
               upon
               it
               .
               It
               might
               save
               much
               fuel
               ,
               and
               vessel
               ,
               and
               labour
               ,
               and
               perhaps
               with
               advantage
               in
               the
               product
               .
               For
               I
               see
               but
               two
               points
               to
               be
               observed
               in
               the
               working
               of
               it
               :
               the
               one
               is
               to
               extract
               the
               substance
               of
               the
               Malt
               into
               water
               :
               the
               other
               to
               give
               it
               his
               due
               fermentation
               .
               And
               both
               of
               these
               may
               be
               done
               without
               boyling
               .
               But
               the
               artifice
               will
               differ
               somewhat
               from
               Wine
               ,
               and
               will
               require
               many
               conclusions
               to
               be
               tryed
               upon
               it
               ,
               before
               it
               be
               brought
               to
               perfection
               .
               I
               do
               mention
               these
               artifices
               only
               to
               shew
               the
               power
               of
               this
               seminary
               and
               fermenting
               spirit
               ,
               and
               how
               it
               may
               be
               drawn
               to
               other
               uses
               for
               our
               benefit
               .
               As
               this
               is
               found
               in
               
               vegetables
               ,
               so
               likewise
               in
               Minerals
               ;
               which
               as
               they
               have
               this
               generative
               spirit
               for
               the
               propagation
               of
               their
               species
               ,
               as
               hath
               been
               shewed
               before
               ,
               so
               they
               have
               this
               means
               of
               fermentation
               ,
               to
               bring
               them
               from
               a
               potential
               quality
               ,
               to
               an
               actual
               existence
               .
               And
               as
               their
               matter
               is
               more
               plentifull
               ,
               and
               in
               consistence
               more
               hard
               and
               compact
               ;
               so
               these
               spirits
               must
               be
               more
               vigorous
               and
               powerfull
               to
               subdue
               it
               :
               and
               consequently
               the
               heat
               of
               their
               fermentation
               must
               be
               in
               a
               higher
               degree
               ,
               then
               it
               is
               in
               other
               generations
               .
               
            
             
               Now
               having
               shewed
               the
               erroneous
               opinions
               of
               others
               concerning
               this
               actual
               heat
               of
               Bathes
               ,
               and
               explain'd
               our
               own
               conceit
               of
               the
               true
               cause
               of
               it
               ;
               let
               us
               collect
               our
               arguments
               together
               ,
               the
               principal
               whereof
               are
               here
               and
               there
               dispersed
               in
               this
               Treatise
               ,
               
                 
                   Quem
                   nos
                   stramineum
                   pro
                   tempore
                   fecimus
                   ,
                
              
               
                 
                   Which
                   for
                   the
                   present
                   I
                   have
                   made
                   of
                   Straw
                   .
                
              
            
             
               Hoping
               that
               hereafter
               some
               worthy
               pen
               may
               handle
               this
               argument
               more
               accurately
               ,
               and
               give
               it
               a
               better
               flourish
               ,
               
                 
                   Et
                   dare
                   perpetuo
                   caelestia
                   fila
                   metallo
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   And
                   on
                   firm
                   metal
                   lasting
                   threads
                   bestow
                   .
                
              
            
             
               We
               must
               not
               imagine
               that
               the
               government
               and
               ordering
               of
               the
               world
               and
               nature
               in
               a
               constant
               course
               ,
               is
               performed
               by
               miracle
               ,
               but
               that
               natural
               effects
               have
               natural
               causes
               ,
               and
               must
               
               be
               both
               under
               the
               same
               genus
               .
               Wherefore
               following
               the
               ordinary
               distribution
               ,
               seeing
               it
               comprehends
               all
               ,
               and
               not
               questioning
               the
               celestial
               bodies
               ,
               whether
               they
               be
               elementary
               or
               no
               ,
               that
               is
               ,
               subject
               to
               alterations
               ,
               as
               intention
               and
               remission
               ,
               generation
               and
               corruption
               ,
               &c.
               
               We
               say
               that
               this
               heat
               must
               proceed
               either
               from
               the
               superiour
               and
               celestial
               bodies
               ,
               as
               the
               Spheres
               and
               Starrs
               ,
               or
               from
               the
               inferiour
               or
               sublunary
               .
            
             
               From
               the
               superiour
               Spheres
               or
               Globes
               it
               cannot
               proceed
               ,
               seeing
               (
               as
               is
               shewed
               before
               )
               they
               are
               neither
               indowed
               with
               such
               a
               degree
               of
               native
               heat
               ,
               nor
               can
               acquire
               it
               accidentally
               by
               their
               motion
               ,
               being
               thin
               and
               liquid
               bodies
               ;
               neither
               ,
               if
               they
               had
               it
               ,
               can
               they
               convey
               it
               unto
               the
               earth
               ,
               but
               by
               their
               beams
               ,
               which
               are
               not
               able
               to
               retain
               it
               as
               they
               pass
               thorow
               the
               cold
               region
               of
               the
               air
               ,
               nor
               able
               to
               warm
               that
               ,
               although
               it
               be
               nearer
               to
               their
               fountain
               of
               heat
               .
               Wherefore
               if
               these
               beams
               can
               any
               way
               do
               it
               ,
               it
               must
               be
               by
               their
               motion
               and
               reflection
               upon
               the
               earth
               :
               and
               this
               is
               no
               constant
               heat
               ,
               but
               varieth
               according
               as
               the
               beams
               are
               perpendicular
               or
               oblique
               ,
               and
               according
               as
               the
               air
               is
               cleer
               or
               cloudy
               ,
               &
               c..
               
               And
               as
               they
               are
               not
               able
               to
               give
               this
               constant
               heat
               ,
               so
               the
               earth
               in
               her
               bowels
               is
               not
               capable
               to
               receive
               it
               ,
               being
               hindered
               by
               the
               density
               of
               the
               earth
               and
               rocks
               ,
               and
               the
               heat
               of
               reflection
               taken
               away
               before
               it
               can
               come
               three
               foot
               deep
               .
            
             
               From
               the
               inferiour
               parts
               of
               the
               world
               if
               it
               proceed
               ,
               it
               must
               be
               either
               from
               the
               Elements
               ,
               or
               from
               mixt
               bodies
               .
               From
               the
               Elements
               it
               cannot
               come
               ,
               but
               from
               fire
               ;
               for
               all
               the
               other
               Elements
               are
               cold
               ,
               as
               I
               have
               shewed
               ,
               especially
               the
               
               earth
               where
               this
               heat
               is
               ingendred
               .
            
             
               And
               as
               for
               the
               Element
               of
               Fire
               ,
               seeing
               we
               know
               not
               where
               to
               find
               it
               ,
               neither
               ,
               if
               it
               be
               any
               where
               ,
               doth
               it
               perform
               the
               office
               of
               an
               Element
               in
               production
               and
               nutrition
               of
               creatures
               ;
               as
               Aristotle
               faith
               ,
               
                 Ignis
                 nil
                 generat
              
               ,
               and
               therefore
               
                 nil
                 nutrit
                 ;
                 
                 nam
                 nutritio
                 fit
                 ex
                 iisdem
                 ex
                 quibus
                 constat
              
               :
               therefore
               as
               it
               begets
               nothing
               ,
               so
               it
               nourisheth
               nothing
               ;
               and
               so
               cannot
               be
               an
               Element
               ,
               nor
               as
               an
               Element
               maintain
               this
               heat
               of
               Bathes
               .
               
               But
               contrariwise
               if
               it
               have
               no
               power
               of
               begetting
               or
               nourishing
               any
               thing
               ,
               it
               must
               have
               a
               power
               of
               destroying
               or
               hindering
               nature
               in
               her
               proceedings
               ;
               for
               nature
               will
               admit
               of
               no
               vacuum
               or
               idle
               thing
               .
               Also
               seeing
               Nature
               useth
               no
               violent
               means
               to
               maintain
               her self
               ,
               this
               elementary
               fire
               cannot
               be
               pen'd
               in
               the
               center
               of
               the
               earth
               ,
               being
               of
               a
               thin
               subtilnature
               ,
               and
               naturally
               aspiring
               upwards
               :
               and
               if
               it
               have
               any
               place
               assigned
               unto
               it
               ,
               it
               must
               be
               above
               the
               other
               Elements
               ,
               and
               then
               it
               cannot
               be
               drawn
               downwards
               against
               his
               nature
               ,
               and
               that
               continually
               ,
               without
               breach
               of
               the
               order
               and
               course
               of
               nature
               .
               And
               whereas
               they
               place
               the
               Element
               of
               Fire
               under
               the
               concave
               of
               the
               Moon
               ,
               being
               in
               it self
               lucid
               and
               resplendent
               ,
               it
               is
               strange
               that
               it
               is
               not
               seen
               by
               us
               ,
               neither
               makes
               our
               nights
               light
               .
               For
               although
               by
               reason
               of
               his
               transparency
               it
               doth
               not
               terminate
               our
               sight
               ,
               yet
               it
               should
               remove
               the
               obscurity
               of
               our
               nights
               much
               better
               then
               the
               
                 Via
                 lactea
              
               .
               Moreover
               ,
               if
               it
               were
               there
               ,
               we
               must
               see
               the
               Starrs
               through
               a
               double
               Diaphanum
               ,
               one
               of
               air
               ,
               and
               another
               of
               fire
               ,
               and
               so
               would
               make
               a
               double
               refraction
               :
               which
               is
               elegantly
               confuted
               by
               
                 John
                 Pena
              
               and
               
                 Conr●dus
                 Aslacus
              
               .
               
            
             
             
               But
               there
               is
               another
               thing
               substituted
               in
               the
               place
               of
               this
               element
               of
               fire
               ,
               and
               maintained
               by
               air
               ,
               and
               by
               mineral
               substances
               in
               the
               earth
               ;
               which
               is
               neither
               an
               Element
               ,
               nor
               a
               mixt
               body
               ,
               nor
               any
               substance
               at
               all
               ,
               but
               a
               meer
               quality
               :
               and
               this
               is
               preferred
               by
               most
               to
               be
               the
               cause
               of
               the
               heat
               of
               our
               Bathes
               .
               And
               this
               is
               our
               common
               kitchin-fire
               ,
               which
               is
               kindled
               by
               violent
               motion
               ,
               maintained
               by
               servel
               ,
               without
               which
               it
               cannot
               subsist
               ,
               and
               extinguished
               by
               his
               contrary
               .
               And
               although
               it
               may
               be
               derived
               by
               communication
               or
               coition
               ,
               as
               one
               candle
               lights
               another
               ,
               yet
               originally
               it
               is
               kindled
               by
               violent
               motion
               ,
               and
               what
               violent
               motion
               can
               there
               be
               in
               the
               bowels
               of
               the
               earth
               to
               strike
               fire
               ,
               or
               who
               shall
               be
               the
               fueller
               ?
               Exhalations
               and
               lightnings
               cannot
               do
               it
               ,
               being
               aereal
               meteors
               ,
               and
               no
               more
               penetrable
               then
               the
               beams
               of
               the
               Sun.
               And
               therefore
               although
               they
               may
               kindle
               a
               Vulcano
               upon
               the
               surface
               of
               the
               earth
               ,
               yet
               they
               cannot
               pierce
               deep
               ,
               and
               their
               very
               reflection
               upon
               the
               superficies
               of
               the
               earth
               takes
               away
               their
               strength
               :
               so
               as
               they
               can
               neither
               kindle
               new
               fire
               ,
               nor
               commucate
               that
               which
               is
               kindled
               to
               any
               other
               fuel
               .
               For
               if
               it
               be
               by
               communication
               or
               coition
               ,
               that
               must
               be
               by
               touch
               ,
               
                 per
                 contactum
              
               ,
               and
               then
               in
               the
               earth
               it
               can
               make
               but
               one
               fire
               ,
               and
               not
               many
               ,
               being
               not
               distinct
               in
               place
               ,
               and
               must
               increase
               in
               heat
               :
               and
               then
               it
               will
               not
               keep
               a
               constant
               tenor
               ,
               as
               our
               Bathes
               do
               .
            
             
               Secondly
               for
               the
               nourishment
               of
               it
               ,
               being
               a
               quality
               ,
               it
               must
               have
               a
               subject
               ,
               that
               is
               fuel
               ,
               and
               it
               must
               have
               means
               to
               vent
               the
               fuliginous
               vapours
               which
               it
               breeds
               in
               the
               dissolution
               of
               the
               fuel
               ,
               lest
               
               they
               recoyle
               and
               quench
               the
               fire
               ;
               as
               also
               there
               must
               be
               conveyance
               for
               the
               ashes
               which
               will
               fall
               down
               continually
               upon
               the
               fire
               ,
               and
               quench
               it
               .
               Moreover
               ,
               by
               consuming
               such
               great
               quantities
               of
               Sulphur
               and
               Bitumen
               ,
               and
               by
               mollifying
               and
               breaking
               of
               Rocks
               ,
               it
               would
               cause
               a
               great
               sinking
               of
               the
               earth
               in
               those
               places
               ;
               as
               we
               see
               in
               our
               Vulcanoes
               ,
               where
               whole
               mountains
               have
               been
               consumed
               and
               brought
               to
               even
               ground
               .
            
             
               Thirdly
               ,
               this
               fire
               being
               a
               quality
               ,
               is
               subject
               to
               intention
               and
               remission
               ,
               and
               to
               utter
               extinguishment
               ,
               not
               only
               by
               want
               of
               fuel
               ,
               which
               cannot
               be
               regenerated
               where
               this
               actual
               fire
               is
               ,
               nor
               for
               want
               of
               vent
               ,
               or
               choaking
               of
               ashes
               ,
               &c.
               but
               also
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               abundance
               of
               water
               which
               the
               earth
               receiveth
               for
               the
               generations
               of
               Minerals
               ,
               which
               being
               opposite
               to
               fire
               ,
               would
               quench
               it
               .
               Wherefore
               we
               cannot
               rely
               upon
               any
               subterranean
               fire
               for
               the
               maintenance
               of
               our
               hot
               Bathes
               .
            
             
               From
               the
               air
               this
               heat
               of
               Bathes
               cannot
               proceed
               ,
               seeing
               it
               is
               neither
               hot
               in
               it self
               ,
               as
               hath
               been
               proved
               ,
               nor
               can
               get
               any
               heat
               by
               motion
               ,
               being
               of
               a
               thin
               liquid
               substance
               ,
               which
               no
               attrition
               or
               collision
               can
               make
               hot
               .
               And
               as
               for
               aereal
               meteors
               ,
               bred
               from
               exhalations
               ,
               and
               kindled
               ,
               as
               is
               imagined
               ,
               by
               an
               Antiperistasis
               :
               if
               they
               be
               bred
               in
               the
               air
               ,
               they
               are
               not
               able
               to
               penetrate
               into
               the
               bowels
               of
               the
               earth
               ,
               as
               hath
               been
               said
               before
               :
               if
               in
               the
               earth
               ,
               besides
               the
               difficulty
               of
               finding
               room
               enough
               for
               such
               plentiful
               exhalations
               as
               those
               must
               be
               which
               procure
               lightning
               and
               thunder
               ,
               and
               the
               vanity
               of
               their
               Antiperistasis
               to
               kindle
               these
               exhalations
               ,
               as
               hath
               been
               she
               wed
               before
               ;
               it
               is
               a
               sufficient
               refutation
               to
               
               take
               away
               the
               subject
               of
               the
               question
               ,
               that
               is
               ,
               all
               subterranean
               fire
               ,
               as
               I
               hope
               I
               have
               done
               ;
               and
               then
               we
               need
               not
               dispute
               about
               the
               means
               of
               kindling
               it
               ,
               &c.
               these
               momentary
               meteors
               being
               produced
               only
               to
               kindle
               ,
               and
               not
               to
               maintain
               this
               fire
               .
            
             
               From
               the
               water
               no
               man
               will
               derive
               this
               fire
               ,
               being
               a
               cold
               and
               moist
               Element
               ,
               and
               apt
               to
               quench
               it
               ;
               unless
               it
               be
               by
               dilating
               the
               seminary
               spirits
               of
               natural
               species
               ;
               and
               then
               they
               concur
               with
               us
               ,
               and
               renouncing
               the
               actual
               fire
               ,
               do
               confirm
               our
               heat
               of
               fermentation
               .
            
             
               From
               the
               earth
               some
               have
               imagined
               an
               inbred
               heat
               ,
               
                 ingenitum
                 terrae
                 calorem
              
               ,
               whereby
               it
               seems
               they
               had
               some
               glimmering
               of
               this
               light
               which
               we
               have
               given
               ,
               but
               have
               left
               it
               in
               as
               great
               obscurity
               as
               the
               Antipenstasis
               or
               Antipathy
               ;
               and
               earth
               being
               a
               cold
               and
               dry
               Element
               ,
               cannot
               be
               the
               cause
               of
               this
               heat
               ,
               as
               it
               is
               earth
               .
            
             
               So
               as
               it
               is
               manifest
               that
               naturally
               the
               Elements
               cannot
               procure
               this
               heat
               of
               Bathes
               ;
               and
               by
               violent
               motion
               they
               can
               do
               as
               little
               .
               For
               the
               earth
               being
               immovable
               ,
               cannot
               be
               stirred
               by
               any
               violent
               motion
               ;
               and
               the
               other
               three
               Elements
               ,
               as
               Fire
               ,
               Air
               ,
               and
               Water
               ,
               being
               thin
               and
               liquid
               substances
               ,
               can
               procure
               no
               heat
               by
               any
               motion
               or
               collision
               either
               upon
               themselves
               ,
               or
               upon
               the
               earth
               ;
               especially
               in
               the
               bowels
               of
               the
               earth
               ,
               where
               all
               is
               quiet
               ,
               and
               no
               room
               or
               scope
               for
               any
               such
               motion
               as
               this
               must
               be
               .
               So
               that
               neither
               the
               other
               three
               Elements
               ,
               nor
               the
               earth
               ,
               either
               in
               the
               whole
               ,
               or
               in
               the
               parts
               ,
               can
               be
               the
               cause
               hereof
               by
               any
               violent
               motion
               .
            
             
               From
               mixt
               bodies
               if
               this
               heat
               come
               ,
               it
               must
               be
               
               from
               animals
               ,
               vegetables
               ,
               or
               minerals
               .
               Animals
               are
               not
               so
               plentiful
               in
               the
               earth
               as
               to
               cause
               this
               heat
               of
               Bathes
               ,
               either
               alive
               or
               dead
               .
               We
               read
               of
               subterranean
               animals
               which
               have
               both
               motion
               ,
               and
               sense
               ,
               and
               understanding
               ,
               in
               
                 Vincentius
                 in
                 speculo
                 naturali
              
               ;
               in
               Lactantius
               ;
               in
               
                 Agricola
                 ,
                 de
                 animantibus
                 subterraneis
              
               ;
               in
               
                 Bellonius
                 ,
                 Ortelius
                 ,
                 Paracelsus
              
               ,
               &c.
               who
               calls
               them
               Gnomi
               ,
               the
               
                 Germanes
                 Bergmaenlin
              
               ,
               the
               
                 French
                 Rabat
              
               ,
               the
               
                 Cornish-men
                 Fairies
              
               .
               The
               Danes
               are
               generally
               perswaded
               that
               there
               are
               such
               creatures
               .
               But
               if
               any
               such
               living
               creatures
               be
               able
               to
               procure
               this
               heat
               ,
               it
               cannot
               be
               by
               their
               hot
               complexions
               ,
               but
               it
               must
               be
               by
               violence
               and
               striking
               of
               fire
               .
               Perhaps
               Democritus
               hath
               hired
               them
               to
               make
               his
               lyme
               there
               ,
               or
               some
               other
               to
               erect
               forges
               for
               thunder
               ,
               lightning
               ,
               and
               such
               like
               fire-works
               .
               
                 
                   Brontesque
                   Steropesque
                   &
                   nudus
                   membra
                   Pyracmon
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   But
                   these
                   opinions
                   deserve
                   no
                   confutation
                   .
                
              
            
             
               From
               dead
               animals
               in
               their
               putrefaction
               some
               heat
               may
               appear
               ,
               but
               such
               as
               neither
               for
               the
               degree
               ,
               nor
               for
               the
               continuance
               ,
               can
               be
               answerable
               to
               our
               Bathes
               .
            
             
               For
               vegetables
               there
               is
               the
               same
               reason
               as
               for
               dead
               animals
               ;
               neither
               doth
               the
               earth
               breed
               such
               plenty
               of
               these
               in
               her
               bowels
               ,
               as
               to
               procure
               a
               months
               heat
               to
               a
               tun
               of
               water
               ,
               in
               one
               place
               .
            
             
               Wherefore
               we
               have
               nothing
               to
               ground
               upon
               but
               mineral
               substances
               ,
               whereof
               the
               earth
               affords
               enough
               .
            
             
               For
               there
               is
               no
               part
               of
               the
               earth
               but
               is
               replenished
               with
               mineral
               seeds
               .
               And
               although
               some
               may
               think
               that
               because
               minerals
               are
               not
               found
               ,
               
               or
               not
               wrought
               in
               all
               places
               :
               and
               that
               some
               waters
               are
               also
               found
               which
               do
               not
               participate
               of
               the
               virtues
               of
               minerals
               ,
               that
               therefore
               our
               hot
               Bathes
               proceed
               not
               from
               the
               fermentation
               of
               minerals
               ,
               but
               from
               some
               other
               cause
               ;
               they
               are
               mistaken
               .
               For
               although
               metals
               are
               not
               frequent
               in
               some
               places
               ,
               or
               at
               the
               least
               not
               discovered
               ;
               yet
               a
               man
               shall
               hardly
               dig
               ten
               foot
               deep
               in
               any
               place
               ,
               but
               he
               shall
               find
               rocks
               of
               stone
               ,
               which
               have
               their
               generation
               as
               well
               as
               other
               minerals
               ,
               or
               some
               of
               the
               Salts
               ,
               or
               Bitumina
               ,
               or
               Spirits
               ,
               or
               mean
               metals
               ,
               &c.
               
               And
               how
               can
               Bathes
               receive
               mineral
               qualities
               ,
               but
               from
               minerals
               ?
               Therefore
               where
               Bathes
               are
               ,
               there
               must
               be
               Minerals
               ,
               although
               where
               Minerals
               are
               ,
               there
               are
               not
               always
               Bathes
               ,
               But
               perhaps
               they
               are
               not
               so
               accumulated
               ,
               as
               by
               their
               contiguity
               they
               are
               able
               to
               yield
               any
               manifest
               heat
               ;
               their
               matter
               being
               dispersed
               as
               grains
               of
               corn
               sown
               in
               a
               field
               ,
               which
               by
               reason
               of
               their
               lying
               single
               ,
               do
               not
               shew
               a
               sensible
               heat
               in
               their
               fermentation
               ;
               or
               most
               metals
               breeding
               between
               a
               Hanger
               and
               a
               Lieger
               ,
               which
               Agricola
               calls
               pendens
               and
               jacens
               ,
               are
               seldome
               above
               a
               foot
               thick
               ,
               and
               therefore
               cannot
               yield
               much
               heat
               to
               our
               waters
               .
               And
               this
               is
               the
               cause
               why
               we
               have
               so
               few
               Bathes
               from
               Gold
               ,
               Silver
               ,
               Tin
               ,
               Lead
               ,
               &c.
               
               But
               where
               much
               matter
               is
               accumulated
               together
               ,
               the
               very
               contiguity
               (
               one
               part
               lying
               upon
               another
               )
               will
               make
               a
               manifest
               heat
               ,
               untill
               it
               grow
               to
               a
               
                 corpus
                 continuum
              
               ,
               when
               the
               generation
               is
               perfected
               ,
               and
               then
               the
               heat
               is
               extinguished
               ,
               Or
               perhaps
               they
               have
               not
               water
               so
               plentifull
               as
               may
               yield
               a
               living
               spring
               ,
               although
               they
               may
               have
               sufficient
               for
               the
               use
               of
               their
               generation
               .
               Or
               perhaps
               
               where
               they
               break
               forth
               ,
               they
               meet
               with
               desart
               sands
               ,
               as
               in
               
                 Arabia
                 ,
                 China
                 ,
                 Africa
              
               ,
               &c.
               
               Which
               drink
               up
               the
               water
               ,
               and
               hinder
               the
               eruption
               of
               it
               .
               And
               whereas
               there
               are
               some
               hot
               springs
               found
               which
               do
               not
               shew
               any
               mineral
               quality
               in
               them
               ,
               the
               reason
               of
               this
               may
               be
               the
               want
               of
               concrete
               juice
               ,
               which
               ,
               as
               I
               have
               said
               before
               ,
               is
               the
               medium
               of
               communicating
               mineral
               qualities
               and
               substances
               with
               water
               .
               For
               without
               them
               ,
               water
               is
               as
               unapt
               to
               imbibe
               minerals
               ,
               as
               it
               is
               to
               unite
               with
               oyle
               .
               So
               as
               water
               may
               of
               it self
               receive
               actual
               heat
               from
               the
               fermentation
               of
               minerals
               ,
               but
               not
               their
               qualities
               ,
               without
               the
               mediation
               of
               some
               of
               the
               concrete
               juices
               :
               as
               contrariwise
               we
               find
               some
               Fouutains
               that
               receive
               mineral
               qualities
               ,
               and
               yet
               are
               cold
               :
               whereof
               I
               have
               given
               many
               examples
               .
               The
               reason
               whereof
               is
               either
               for
               that
               they
               have
               passed
               a
               long
               way
               ,
               and
               by
               many
               Meanders
               from
               the
               place
               of
               generation
               to
               the
               place
               of
               their
               eruption
               ,
               and
               so
               have
               lost
               their
               heat
               ;
               or
               else
               the
               concrete
               juices
               ,
               which
               will
               dissolve
               in
               water
               without
               any
               heat
               ,
               being
               impregnated
               with
               other
               minerals
               ,
               do
               impart
               them
               to
               water
               ,
               and
               yet
               without
               heat
               .
               But
               to
               say
               that
               there
               is
               any
               earth
               without
               mineral
               seeds
               ,
               is
               to
               make
               a
               
                 vacuum
                 in
                 rerum
                 natura
              
               ,
               and
               to
               destroy
               the
               use
               of
               the
               Elements
               .
               It
               is
               true
               that
               the
               seeds
               do
               do
               not
               alwaies
               meet
               with
               opportunity
               to
               display
               themselves
               ,
               and
               sometimes
               they
               are
               fain
               to
               serve
               under
               other
               colours
               ,
               which
               are
               more
               predominant
               :
               but
               there
               is
               no
               part
               of
               the
               earth
               without
               some
               seeds
               or
               other
               .
            
             
               And
               from
               hence
               we
               must
               derive
               the
               original
               of
               the
               actual
               heat
               of
               Bathes
               :
               for
               nothing
               else
               in
               
               the
               world
               will
               serve
               our
               turn
               to
               procure
               so
               lasting
               and
               so
               uniform
               a
               heat
               unto
               them
               ;
               and
               that
               not
               by
               kindling
               any
               actual
               fire
               about
               them
               ,
               for
               most
               of
               our
               minerals
               whereof
               our
               Bathes
               consist
               ,
               and
               from
               whence
               they
               receive
               both
               their
               actual
               heat
               and
               virtues
               ,
               will
               not
               burn
               ,
               neither
               have
               any
               actual
               heat
               in
               themselves
               ,
               being
               all
               cold
               to
               the
               touch
               ,
               but
               receive
               it
               by
               a
               fermenting
               heat
               which
               they
               have
               in
               their
               generation
               :
               without
               which
               there
               is
               no
               generation
               for
               any
               thing
               .
               And
               this
               heat
               continues
               so
               long
               as
               the
               work
               of
               generation
               continues
               :
               which
               being
               once
               begun
               ,
               doth
               not
               cease
               in
               many
               ages
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               plenty
               of
               matter
               which
               the
               earth
               yields
               ,
               and
               the
               firmness
               and
               solidity
               thereof
               .
               And
               although
               after
               that
               the
               minerals
               have
               attained
               to
               their
               perfection
               ,
               this
               heat
               ceaseth
               ,
               yet
               the
               generation
               extends
               further
               then
               where
               it
               first
               began
               ,
               and
               enlargeth
               it self
               every
               way
               ,
               the
               works
               of
               nature
               being
               circular
               :
               so
               as
               the
               water
               which
               was
               heated
               by
               the
               first
               generation
               ,
               cannot
               avoid
               the
               other
               succeeding
               generations
               ,
               but
               must
               meet
               with
               them
               either
               behind
               or
               before
               ,
               beneath
               or
               above
               ,
               on
               the
               one
               side
               ,
               or
               on
               the
               other
               (
               especially
               seeing
               no
               generation
               can
               proceed
               without
               water
               :
               )
               and
               yet
               keeps
               the
               same
               tenor
               and
               degree
               of
               heat
               ,
               according
               to
               the
               nature
               of
               the
               minerals
               fermenting
               ,
               and
               to
               the
               distance
               from
               the
               place
               of
               eruption
               .
               And
               this
               is
               a
               far
               more
               probable
               cause
               of
               the
               continuance
               of
               our
               Bathes
               ,
               then
               any
               subterranean
               destructive
               fire
               can
               be
               ,
               or
               any
               other
               of
               the
               supposed
               causes
               can
               yield
               .
               I
               do
               not
               deny
               but
               that
               hot
               Bathes
               may
               cease
               and
               become
               cold
               ;
               as
               Aristotle
               saith
               of
               Salt
               Fountains
               which
               are
               cold
               ,
               
               that
               
               they
               were
               once
               hot
               ,
               before
               the
               original
               of
               their
               heat
               was
               extinct
               :
               which
               I
               interpret
               to
               be
               when
               the
               work
               of
               generation
               ceased
               ,
               and
               the
               Salt
               brought
               to
               his
               perfection
               .
               But
               I
               do
               not
               read
               of
               any
               hot
               Bathes
               that
               have
               ceased
               :
               unless
               near
               onto
               some
               Vulcano
               ,
               where
               either
               the
               sinking
               of
               Rocks
               hath
               altered
               the
               course
               of
               them
               ,
               as
               at
               Tripergula
               and
               Baia
               ,
               or
               the
               flaming
               fire
               which
               heated
               them
               at
               their
               eruption
               being
               extinguished
               ,
               as
               in
               the
               AEolian
               Islands
               .
               These
               Vulcanoes
               are
               far
               more
               subject
               to
               decay
               then
               our
               generative
               heat
               ,
               because
               they
               consume
               their
               fuel
               ;
               this
               doth
               not
               ,
               but
               increaseth
               it
               daily
               ,
               
                 viresque
                 acquirit
                 eundo
              
               .
               Of
               the
               other
               Ovid
               saith
               ,
               
                 
                   Nee
                   quae
                   sulphureis
                   ardet
                   fornacibus
                   AEtna
                
                 
                   Ignea
                   semper
                   erit
                   ;
                   neque
                   enim
                   fuit
                   ignea
                   semper
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   AEtna
                   with
                   its
                   sulphureous
                   flames
                   will
                   dy
                   ,
                
                 
                   And
                   as
                   a
                   kindling
                   had
                   ,
                   will
                   want
                   supply
                   .
                
              
            
             
               But
               of
               this
               we
               can
               hardly
               bring
               an
               Instance
               of
               any
               that
               have
               decayed
               ;
               because
               where
               a
               generation
               is
               begun
               ,
               there
               seldome
               or
               never
               wants
               matter
               to
               propagate
               and
               enlarge
               it
               .
               And
               seeing
               minerals
               have
               not
               their
               seeds
               in
               their
               individuals
               ,
               as
               animals
               &
               vegetables
               have
               ,
               but
               in
               their
               wombs
               ,
               as
               hath
               been
               shewed
               before
               ;
               it
               were
               to
               be
               feared
               that
               there
               would
               be
               a
               decay
               of
               mineral
               species
               ,
               and
               so
               a
               vacuum
               left
               in
               nature
               ,
               if
               these
               generations
               should
               be
               no
               more
               durable
               then
               the
               other
               .
               Animals
               are
               propagated
               by
               begetting
               of
               their
               species
               ,
               the
               power
               whereof
               is
               in
               every
               individual
               ,
               which
               ,
               no
               doubt
               ,
               will
               not
               give
               over
               
               this
               trade
               as
               long
               as
               the
               world
               lasteth
               .
               Vegetables
               are
               also
               fruitfull
               in
               their
               kinds
               ,
               every
               one
               producing
               100
               ,
               or
               perhaps
               1000
               seeds
               of
               individuals
               yearly
               ,
               to
               perpetuate
               their
               species
               .
               Minerals
               have
               no
               such
               means
               ,
               but
               only
               have
               their
               seeds
               in
               their
               wombs
               ,
               whereby
               they
               are
               propagated
               :
               and
               if
               these
               generations
               ,
               being
               longer
               in
               perfecting
               of
               their
               species
               ,
               were
               not
               supplyed
               with
               a
               larger
               extent
               for
               their
               productions
               ;
               nature
               had
               been
               defective
               in
               not
               providing
               sufficient
               means
               for
               their
               perpetuity
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               for
               others
               ,
               and
               might
               easily
               suffer
               a
               decay
               ,
               and
               a
               vacuity
               of
               mineral
               species
               ;
               which
               agrees
               not
               with
               the
               providence
               of
               nature
               ,
               and
               the
               ornament
               of
               the
               world
               .
               The
               necessity
               hereof
               depends
               upon
               the
               first
               benediction
               ,
               (
               
                 crescite
                 &
                 multiylicamini
              
               )
               which
               ,
               no
               doubt
               belongs
               as
               well
               to
               minerals
               in
               their
               kinds
               ,
               as
               it
               doth
               to
               animals
               and
               vegetables
               ,
               and
               by
               vertue
               hereof
               we
               see
               that
               they
               are
               propagated
               daily
               ,
               as
               I
               have
               proved
               before
               ,
               Cap.
               11.
               
               
               And
               this
               is
               that
               necessity
               whereof
               Hypocrates
               speaks
               ,
               and
               that
               
                 fatum
                 naturale
                 inharens
                 rebus
                 ipsis
              
               ,
               Natural
               fate
               inherent
               in
               things
               themselves
               ,
               as
               Lipsius
               faith
               ;
               and
               that
               
                 Lex
                 Adrastiae
              
               mentioned
               by
               Aristotle
               and
               
                 Gal●●
                 ,
                 Locis
                 aute
                 citatis
              
               ,
               so
               firmly
               established
               ,
               as
               nothing
               can
               contradict
               it
               .
               
               Arithmetick
               ,
               Geometry
               ,
               and
               Logick
               ,
               which
               are
               but
               attendants
               upon
               nature
               ,
               have
               their
               principles
               so
               firmly
               grounded
               ,
               as
               nothing
               can
               shake
               them
               ;
               and
               shall
               we
               think
               that
               nature
               it self
               is
               grounded
               upon
               weaker
               foundations
               ?
               wherefore
               we
               need
               not
               doubt
               of
               the
               perpetuity
               of
               these
               generations
               ,
               but
               that
               as
               some
               parts
               attain
               to
               their
               perfection
               ,
               so
               other
               
               puts
               will
               be
               alwayes
               
                 in
                 fieri
              
               or
               
                 in
                 via
                 ad
                 generationem
              
               :
               whereby
               our
               Bathes
               will
               never
               fail
               of
               their
               heat
               or
               their
               virtues
               .
            
             
               This
               I
               hope
               is
               susficient
               for
               the
               confuting
               of
               other
               opinions
               ,
               and
               the
               clearing
               of
               mine
               own
               from
               all
               absurdities
               concerning
               the
               degree
               of
               heat
               ,
               which
               is
               as
               much
               as
               the
               nature
               of
               water
               can
               endure
               without
               utter
               dissipation
               :
               concerning
               the
               equal
               tenor
               of
               the
               heat
               ,
               the
               duration
               of
               〈◊〉
               ,
               the
               participation
               of
               mineral
               qualities
               ,
               &c.
               
               The
               other
               kind
               of
               confirmation
               which
               we
               call
               Apodeictical
               ,
               is
               also
               here
               and
               there
               dispersed
               in
               this
               Discourse
               :
               as
               that
               all
               minerals
               have
               their
               continual
               generation
               :
               that
               this
               generation
               is
               not
               without
               heat
               and
               moysture
               ,
               which
               do
               necessarily
               attend
               all
               generations
               :
               that
               few
               mineral
               substances
               or
               qualities
               can
               be
               imparted
               to
               water
               ,
               but
               whilst
               they
               are
               in
               generation
               ,
               and
               yet
               we
               find
               them
               much
               impregnated
               with
               them
               :
               that
               our
               Miners
               do
               find
               an
               actual
               heat
               ,
               and
               in
               a
               high
               degree
               ,
               in
               the
               digging
               of
               Minerals
               ,
               where
               the
               fermentation
               is
               not
               throughly
               extinct
               :
               that
               we
               observe
               the
               like
               course
               of
               nature
               in
               the
               generations
               of
               animals
               and
               vegetables
               :
               that
               we
               are
               led
               to
               the
               acknowledgement
               hereof
               by
               many
               artificial
               conclusions
               and
               artifices
               ,
               &c.
               
               Wherefore
               I
               forbear
               to
               make
               any
               larger
               repetition
               hereof
               .
            
             
               And
               this
               is
               in
               brief
               (
               though
               plainly
               delivered
               )
               my
               opinion
               concerning
               the
               actual
               heat
               of
               Baths
               ,
               and
               of
               the
               mineral
               qualities
               which
               we
               find
               in
               them
               ;
               which
               I
               refer
               to
               the
               censures
               of
               those
               that
               be
               learned
               .
            
             
               There
               are
               two
               other
               motions
               which
               resemble
               this
               fermentation
               :
               The
               one
               is
               
                 Motus
                 dilatationis
              
               ,
               
               the
               Other
               
                 Antipatheticus
                 .
                 Motus
                 dilatationis
              
               is
               evident
               in
               Lime
               ,
               in
               Allum
               ,
               in
               Copperass
               ,
               and
               other
               concrete
               juyces
               ,
               whereby
               the
               affusion
               of
               water
               ,
               the
               Salt
               in
               the
               Lime
               ,
               or
               the
               concrete
               juyces
               being
               suddenly
               dissolved
               ,
               there
               is
               by
               this
               motion
               ,
               an
               actual
               heat
               procured
               for
               a
               time
               ,
               able
               to
               kindle
               any
               combustible
               matter
               put
               to
               it
               .
            
             
               The
               like
               we
               observe
               in
               those
               stone
               Coals
               ,
               called
               metal
               Coals
               ,
               which
               are
               mixed
               with
               a
               Marchesit
               containing
               some
               mineral
               juyce
               ,
               which
               receiving
               moysture
               ,
               doth
               dilate
               it self
               ,
               and
               grows
               so
               hot
               ,
               as
               oftentimes
               great
               heaps
               of
               those
               Coals
               are
               kindled
               thereby
               ,
               and
               burnt
               before
               their
               time
               ;
               as
               hath
               been
               seen
               at
               Puddle-Wharf
               in
               London
               ,
               and
               at
               Newcastle
               .
               But
               this
               is
               much
               different
               from
               out
               fermentation
               .
            
             
               Another
               Motus
               resembling
               this
               fermentation
               ,
               is
               that
               which
               is
               attributed
               to
               Antipathy
               ,
               when
               disagreeing
               substances
               being
               put
               together
               ,
               do
               fight
               ,
               and
               make
               a
               manifest
               actual
               heat
               ;
               as
               Antimony
               and
               Sublimat
               ,
               oyle
               of
               Vitriol
               and
               oyle
               of
               Tartar
               ,
               Allum
               liquor
               and
               Urine
               ,
               Lees
               ,
               Chalk
               ,
               &c.
               
               But
               the
               reason
               of
               this
               disagreement
               is
               in
               their
               Salts
               ,
               whereof
               one
               is
               astringent
               ,
               the
               other
               relaxing
               ;
               the
               one
               of
               easie
               dissolution
               in
               water
               ,
               the
               other
               of
               hard
               dissolution
               ,
               &c.
               where
               one
               mineral
               hinders
               the
               dissolution
               or
               congelation
               of
               another
               ;
               and
               not
               by
               reason
               of
               any
               antipathy
               :
               for
               it
               is
               not
               likely
               that
               nature
               would
               produce
               two
               contrary
               substances
               mixed
               like
               atomes
               in
               o●
               subject
               ,
               but
               that
               in
               their
               very
               generations
               the
               o●
               would
               be
               an
               impediment
               to
               the
               other
               .
               So
               in
               vegetables
               where
               one
               plant
               sucks
               away
               the
               nourishment
               from
               another
               ,
               we
               call
               it
               antipathy
               .
               B●●
               
               if
               we
               examine
               aright
               what
               this
               sympathy
               and
               antipathy
               is
               ,
               we
               shall
               find
               it
               to
               be
               nothing
               but
               a
               refuge
               of
               ignorance
               ,
               when
               not
               being
               able
               to
               conceive
               the
               true
               reasons
               of
               such
               actions
               &
               passions
               in
               natural
               things
               ,
               we
               fly
               sometimes
               to
               indefinite
               generalities
               ,
               and
               sometimes
               to
               this
               inexplicable
               sympathy
               and
               antipathy
               ;
               attributing
               voluntary
               ,
               and
               sensitive
               actions
               and
               passions
               to
               insensible
               substances
               .
               This
               motus
               also
               is
               much
               different
               from
               fermentation
               ,
               as
               may
               easily
               appear
               by
               the
               former
               description
               .
               And
               thus
               much
               for
               this
               point
               of
               fermentation
               ,
               which
               I
               hope
               will
               give
               better
               satisfaction
               then
               any
               of
               the
               former
               opinions
               .
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               XV.
               
            
             
               
                 By
                 what
                 means
                 it
                 may
                 be
                 discovered
                 what
                 minerals
                 any
                 water
                 containeth
                 .
              
            
             
               THE
               nature
               of
               minerals
               and
               their
               generations
               being
               handled
               ,
               and
               from
               thence
               the
               reasons
               drawn
               ,
               both
               of
               the
               actual
               heat
               of
               Bathes
               ,
               and
               of
               their
               qualities
               :
               Now
               it
               is
               fit
               we
               should
               seek
               out
               some
               means
               how
               to
               discover
               what
               minerals
               are
               in
               any
               Bath
               ,
               that
               thereby
               we
               may
               the
               better
               know
               their
               qualities
               ,
               and
               what
               use
               to
               make
               of
               them
               for
               our
               benefit
               .
               Many
               have
               attempted
               this
               discovery
               ,
               but
               by
               such
               weak
               means
               ,
               and
               upon
               such
               poor
               grounds
               ,
               as
               it
               is
               no
               marvail
               if
               they
               have
               failed
               of
               their
               purpose
               :
               for
               they
               have
               contented
               themselves
               with
               a
               bare
               distillation
               or
               evaporation
               of
               the
               water
               ,
               and
               observing
               
               the
               sediment
               ,
               have
               thereby
               judged
               of
               the
               minerals
               ,
               unless
               perhaps
               they
               find
               some
               manifest
               taste
               ,
               or
               smell
               ,
               or
               colour
               in
               the
               water
               ,
               or
               some
               unctuous
               matter
               swimming
               above
               it
               .
               Some
               desire
               no
               other
               argument
               of
               Sulphur
               and
               Bitumen
               ,
               but
               the
               actual
               heat
               :
               as
               though
               no
               other
               minerals
               could
               yield
               an
               actual
               heat
               ,
               but
               those
               two
               :
               But
               this
               point
               requires
               better
               consideration
               ;
               and
               I
               have
               been
               so
               large
               in
               describing
               the
               natures
               and
               generations
               of
               minerals
               ,
               because
               without
               it
               ,
               we
               cannot
               discern
               what
               minerals
               we
               have
               in
               our
               waters
               ,
               nor
               judge
               of
               the
               qualities
               and
               use
               of
               them
               .
            
             
               Our
               Minerals
               therefore
               ,
               are
               either
               confused
               or
               mixed
               with
               the
               water
               .
               If
               they
               be
               confused
               they
               are
               easily
               discerned
               :
               for
               they
               make
               the
               water
               thick
               and
               pudly
               ,
               and
               will
               either
               swim
               above
               ,
               as
               Bitumen
               will
               do
               ,
               or
               sink
               to
               the
               bottom
               ,
               as
               Earth
               ,
               Sulphur
               ,
               and
               some
               terrestrial
               juices
               ;
               for
               no
               confused
               water
               will
               remain
               long
               unseparated
               .
               If
               they
               are
               perfectly
               mixed
               with
               the
               water
               ,
               then
               their
               mixture
               is
               either
               corporal
               ,
               where
               the
               very
               body
               of
               the
               Mineral
               is
               imbibed
               in
               the
               water
               ,
               or
               spiritual
               ,
               where
               either
               some
               exhalation
               ,
               or
               spirit
               ,
               or
               tincture
               is
               imparted
               to
               the
               water
               .
            
             
               Corporally
               there
               are
               no
               minerals
               mixed
               with
               water
               ,
               but
               juices
               ,
               either
               liquid
               ,
               as
               
                 succus
                 la●idescens
                 ,
                 metallificus
              
               ,
               &c.
               before
               they
               are
               perfectly
               congealed
               into
               their
               natural
               consistence
               ,
               or
               concrete
               ,
               as
               Salt
               ,
               Nitre
               ,
               Vitriol
               ,
               and
               Allum
               ,
               these
               concrete
               juices
               do
               not
               dissolve
               themselves
               in
               water
               ,
               but
               oftentimes
               bring
               with
               them
               some
               tincture
               or
               spirit
               from
               other
               Minerals
               .
               For
               as
               water
               is
               apt
               to
               recive
               juices
               ,
               and
               tinctures
               ,
               and
               
               spirits
               from
               animals
               ,
               and
               vegetables
               ;
               so
               are
               concrete
               juices
               ,
               being
               dissolved
               ,
               apt
               to
               extract
               tinctures
               and
               spirits
               from
               minerals
               ,
               and
               to
               communicate
               them
               with
               water
               .
               And
               there
               are
               no
               Mines
               ,
               but
               have
               some
               of
               these
               concrete
               juices
               in
               them
               ,
               to
               dissolve
               the
               materials
               of
               them
               ,
               for
               their
               better
               union
               and
               mixture
               :
               and
               there
               are
               few
               minerals
               or
               metals
               ,
               but
               have
               some
               of
               them
               incorporated
               with
               them
               ;
               as
               we
               see
               in
               Iron
               ,
               and
               Copper
               ,
               and
               Tin
               ,
               and
               Lead
               ,
               &c.
               
               And
               this
               is
               the
               reason
               that
               water
               being
               long
               kept
               in
               Vessels
               of
               any
               of
               these
               metals
               ,
               will
               receive
               a
               taste
               or
               smell
               from
               them
               ,
               especially
               if
               it
               be
               attenuated
               ,
               either
               by
               heat
               ,
               or
               by
               addition
               of
               some
               sour
               juice
               ;
               and
               yet
               more
               ,
               if
               the
               metals
               be
               fyled
               into
               powder
               as
               we
               see
               in
               making
               Chalibeat
               Wine
               ,
               or
               Sugar
               of
               Lead
               ,
               or
               Puttie
               from
               Tin
               ,
               or
               Verdegrease
               from
               Copper
               .
               There
               may
               be
               also
               a
               mixture
               of
               spiritual
               Substance
               from
               minerals
               ,
               whilst
               they
               are
               in
               generation
               ,
               and
               
                 in
                 Solutis
                 Principiis
              
               :
               the
               water
               passing
               through
               them
               ,
               and
               the
               rather
               if
               it
               be
               actually
               hot
               ,
               for
               then
               it
               is
               more
               apt
               to
               imbibe
               it
               ,
               and
               will
               contain
               more
               in
               it
               ,
               being
               attenuated
               by
               heat
               ,
               then
               being
               cold
               ;
               as
               we
               see
               in
               Urins
               ,
               which
               though
               they
               be
               full
               of
               humours
               ,
               yet
               make
               no
               great
               shew
               of
               them
               so
               long
               as
               they
               are
               warm
               ,
               but
               being
               cold
               ,
               do
               settle
               then
               to
               the
               bottom
               .
            
             
               These
               spiritual
               substances
               are
               hardly
               discerned
               in
               our
               Bathes
               ,
               but
               by
               the
               effects
               ;
               for
               they
               leave
               no
               residence
               after
               evaporation
               ;
               and
               are
               commonly
               as
               volatile
               in
               sublimation
               as
               the
               water
               it self
               :
               neither
               do
               they
               increase
               the
               weight
               of
               the
               water
               ,
               nor
               much
               alter
               the
               taste
               or
               smell
               of
               them
               ,
               unless
               they
               be
               very
               plentiful
               .
               Wherefore
               we
               have
               no
               
               certain
               way
               to
               discover
               them
               ,
               but
               by
               the
               effects
               .
               We
               may
               conjecture
               somewhat
               of
               them
               by
               the
               Mines
               which
               are
               found
               near
               unto
               the
               Bathes
               ,
               and
               by
               the
               mud
               which
               is
               brought
               with
               the
               water
               .
               But
               that
               may
               deceive
               ,
               as
               coming
               from
               the
               passages
               through
               which
               the
               water
               is
               conveyed
               ,
               or
               ,
               perhaps
               ,
               from
               the
               sweat
               and
               strigments
               of
               mens
               bodies
               which
               bathe
               in
               them
               .
               The
               corporal
               substances
               are
               found
               ,
               either
               by
               sublimation
               or
               by
               precipitation
               ,
               By
               sublimation
               ,
               when
               being
               brought
               to
               the
               state
               of
               congelation
               ,
               and
               sticks
               of
               Wood
               put
               into
               it
               ,
               within
               a
               few
               dayes
               ,
               the
               concrete
               juices
               will
               shoot
               upon
               the
               wood
               ;
               in
               Needles
               ,
               if
               it
               be
               Nitre
               ;
               in
               Squares
               ,
               if
               be
               Salt
               ;
               and
               in
               Clods
               and
               Lumps
               ,
               if
               it
               be
               Allum
               or
               Coperass
               ,
               and
               the
               other
               mineral
               substances
               which
               the
               waters
               have
               received
               ,
               will
               either
               incorporate
               a
               tincture
               with
               them
               ,
               or
               if
               it
               be
               more
               terr●strial
               ,
               will
               settle
               and
               separate
               from
               it
               ,
               and
               by
               drying
               it
               at
               a
               gentle
               fire
               ,
               will
               shew
               from
               what
               house
               it
               comes
               ,
               either
               by
               colour
               ,
               taste
               ,
               smell
               ,
               or
               vertue
               :
               There
               is
               another
               way
               by
               precipitation
               ,
               whereby
               those
               mineral
               substances
               are
               stricken
               down
               from
               their
               concrete
               juices
               which
               held
               them
               ,
               by
               addition
               of
               some
               opposite
               substance
               .
               And
               this
               is
               of
               two
               sorts
               :
               either
               Salts
               ,
               as
               Tartar
               ,
               Soap-ashes
               ,
               Kelps
               ,
               Urine
               ,
               &c.
               Or
               four
               juices
               as
               Vinegar
               ,
               Lemons
               ,
               oyle
               of
               Vitriol
               ,
               Sulphur
               ,
               &c.
               
               In
               which
               I
               have
               observed
               that
               the
               Salts
               are
               proper
               to
               blew
               colours
               ,
               and
               the
               other
               to
               red
               ;
               for
               example
               ,
               take
               a
               piece
               of
               Scarlet
               cloath
               ,
               and
               wet
               it
               in
               oyle
               of
               Tartar
               (
               the
               strongest
               of
               that
               kind
               )
               and
               it
               presently
               becomes
               blew
               :
               dip
               it
               again
               in
               oyle
               of
               Vitriol
               ,
               and
               it
               becomes
               red
               again
               .
               P●notus
               
               hath
               a
               strange
               precipitating
               water
               from
               Tin
               ,
               Mercury
               Alkali
               ,
               &c.
               which
               separate
               any
               minerals
               
                 Pidr●●it
                 p●●es
                 authorem
              
               .
            
             
               These
               are
               the
               chief
               grounds
               of
               discovering
               mineral
               waters
               ,
               according
               to
               which
               any
               man
               may
               make
               tryal
               of
               what
               waters
               he
               pleaseth
               .
               I
               have
               been
               desirous
               heretofore
               to
               have
               attempted
               some
               discovery
               of
               our
               Bathes
               ,
               according
               to
               these
               principles
               :
               but
               being
               thought
               (
               by
               some
               )
               either
               not
               convenient
               ,
               or
               not
               usefull
               ,
               I
               was
               willing
               to
               save
               my
               labour
               ,
               which
               perhaps
               might
               have
               seemed
               not
               to
               be
               worth
               thanks
               ;
               and
               in
               these
               respects
               am
               willing
               now
               also
               to
               make
               but
               a
               bare
               mention
               of
               them
               .
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               XVI
               .
            
             
               
                 Of
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 Mineral
                 Waters
                 ,
                 inwardly
                 ,
                 outwardly
                 .
                 In
                 this
                 Chapter
                 is
                 shewed
                 the
                 inward
                 use
                 of
                 them
                 ,
                 first
                 general
                 ;
                 then
                 particuly
                 of
                 the
                 hot
                 waters
                 of
                 Bathe
                 .
              
            
             
               THE
               nature
               and
               generations
               of
               Minerals
               being
               handled
               ,
               and
               how
               our
               mineral
               waters
               receive
               their
               impressions
               ,
               and
               actual
               heat
               from
               thence
               ;
               and
               by
               what
               means
               they
               are
               to
               be
               tried
               ,
               what
               Minerals
               are
               in
               each
               of
               them
               .
               Now
               we
               are
               to
               shew
               the
               uses
               of
               them
               ;
               which
               must
               be
               drawn
               from
               the
               qualities
               of
               the
               Minerals
               whereof
               they
               consist
               ;
               which
               are
               seldome
               one
               or
               two
               ,
               but
               commonly
               more
               .
               These
               qualities
               are
               either
               the
               first
               ,
               as
               hot
               ,
               cold
               ,
               moyst
               ,
               and
               dry
               :
               or
               the
               second
               ,
               as
               penetrating
               ,
               astringent
               ,
               opening
               ,
               resolving
               ,
               attracting
               ,
               cleansing
               ,
               mollifying
               ,
               &c.
               
               
               For
               the
               first
               qualities
               ,
               it
               is
               certain
               and
               agreed
               upon
               by
               all
               Authors
               ,
               that
               all
               mineral
               waters
               do
               dry
               exceedingly
               ,
               as
               proceeding
               from
               earth
               ;
               but
               some
               of
               those
               do
               cool
               withall
               ,
               and
               some
               do
               heat
               .
            
             
               Cooling
               waters
               are
               good
               for
               hot
               distempers
               of
               the
               Liver
               ,
               Stomach
               ,
               Kidneys
               ,
               Bladder
               ,
               Womb
               ,
               &c.
               
               Also
               for
               Salt
               distillations
               ,
               sharp
               humours
               ,
               light
               obstructions
               of
               the
               Meseraicks
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               Heating
               waters
               are
               good
               for
               cold
               affects
               of
               the
               Stomach
               ,
               Bowels
               ,
               Womb
               ,
               Seminary
               Vessels
               ,
               cold
               distillations
               ,
               Palsies
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               For
               the
               second
               qualities
               ,
               cleansing
               waters
               are
               good
               in
               all
               Ulcers
               ,
               especially
               of
               the
               Guts
               .
            
             
               Mollifying
               waters
               ,
               for
               all
               hard
               and
               schirrous
               Tumors
               .
            
             
               Astringent
               waters
               ,
               for
               all
               Fluxes
               ,
               &c.
               and
               so
               of
               the
               rest
               .
            
             
               Now
               these
               waters
               are
               used
               either
               inwardly
               or
               outwardly
               .
            
             
               Inwardly
               ,
               either
               by
               mouth
               ,
               or
               by
               injection
               .
            
             
               By
               mouth
               ,
               either
               in
               potion
               ,
               or
               in
               Broths
               ,
               Juleps
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               Galen
               never
               used
               them
               imwardly
               ,
               because
               he
               judged
               their
               qualities
               to
               be
               discovered
               by
               experience
               ,
               rather
               then
               by
               reason
               .
               
               And
               seeing
               we
               find
               many
               of
               them
               to
               be
               venomous
               ,
               and
               deadly
               ,
               as
               proceeding
               from
               Arsenick
               ,
               Sandaracha
               ,
               Cadmia
               ,
               &c.
               
               We
               had
               need
               be
               very
               wary
               in
               the
               inward
               use
               of
               them
               .
            
             
               Neptunes
               Well
               in
               Tarracina
               was
               found
               to
               be
               so
               deadly
               ,
               as
               it
               was
               therefore
               stopped
               up
               .
               By
               Monpellier
               at
               Perant
               is
               a
               Well
               which
               kills
               all
               the
               
               Fowls
               that
               drink
               of
               it
               ;
               the
               lake
               Avernus
               kills
               the
               Fowls
               that
               fly
               over
               it
               ;
               so
               doth
               the
               vapour
               arising
               from
               Charons
               Den
               between
               Naples
               and
               Puteolum
               .
               So
               there
               are
               divers
               waters
               in
               Savoy
               and
               Rhetia
               ,
               which
               breed
               swellings
               in
               the
               thro●●
               .
               Others
               proceeding
               from
               Gipsum
               do
               strang
               〈◊〉
               But
               where
               we
               find
               waters
               to
               proceed
               from
               wholsome
               Minerals
               ,
               and
               such
               as
               are
               convenient
               ,
               and
               proper
               for
               our
               intents
               ,
               there
               we
               may
               be
               bold
               to
               use
               them
               as
               well
               inwardly
               as
               outwardly
               :
               yet
               so
               as
               we
               do
               not
               imagine
               them
               to
               be
               such
               absolute
               remedies
               ,
               as
               that
               they
               are
               of
               themselves
               able
               to
               cure
               diseases
               without
               either
               rules
               for
               the
               use
               of
               them
               ,
               or
               without
               other
               helps
               adjoyned
               to
               them
               .
               For
               as
               it
               is
               not
               enough
               for
               a
               man
               to
               get
               a
               good
               Damasco
               or
               Bilbo-blade
               to
               defend
               himself
               withall
               ,
               unless
               he
               learn
               the
               right
               use
               of
               it
               from
               a
               Fencer
               ;
               so
               it
               is
               not
               enough
               to
               get
               a
               medicine
               and
               remedy
               for
               any
               disease
               ,
               unless
               it
               be
               rightly
               used
               ,
               and
               this
               right
               use
               must
               come
               from
               the
               Physitian
               ,
               who
               knows
               how
               to
               apply
               it
               ,
               and
               how
               to
               prepare
               the
               body
               for
               it
               ,
               what
               to
               add
               and
               joyn
               with
               it
               ,
               how
               to
               govern
               and
               order
               the
               use
               of
               it
               ,
               how
               to
               prevent
               such
               inconveniences
               as
               may
               happen
               by
               it
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               Wherefore
               ,
               where
               we
               speak
               of
               any
               Mineral
               water
               ,
               or
               of
               any
               other
               medicine
               that
               is
               proper
               for
               such
               and
               such
               a
               grief
               ,
               we
               must
               be
               so
               understood
               ,
               that
               the
               medicine
               is
               not
               wise
               enough
               to
               cure
               the
               disease
               of
               it self
               ,
               no
               more
               than
               a
               sword
               is
               able
               of
               it self
               to
               defend
               a
               man
               ,
               or
               to
               offend
               his
               enemie
               ,
               but
               according
               to
               the
               right
               and
               skilfull
               use
               of
               it
               .
               And
               as
               it
               is
               not
               possible
               for
               a
               Fencer
               to
               set
               down
               absolute
               rules
               in
               writing
               for
               h●●
               Art
               ,
               whereby
               a
               man
               may
               be
               able
               in
               reading
               
               them
               to
               defend
               himself
               ;
               no
               more
               is
               the
               Physitian
               possibly
               able
               to
               direct
               the
               particular
               uses
               of
               his
               remedy
               ,
               whereby
               a
               patient
               may
               cure
               himself
               without
               demonstration
               and
               the
               particular
               direction
               of
               the
               Physitian
               .
               It
               is
               true
               ,
               that
               we
               have
               general
               rules
               to
               guide
               us
               in
               the
               cure
               of
               diseases
               ,
               which
               are
               very
               true
               and
               certain
               ;
               yet
               when
               we
               come
               to
               apply
               them
               to
               particular
               persons
               ,
               and
               several
               constitutions
               ,
               these
               general
               rules
               are
               not
               sufficient
               to
               make
               a
               cure
               ,
               but
               it
               must
               be
               varied
               according
               to
               substance
               .
               Hereupon
               we
               daily
               find
               ,
               that
               those
               patients
               which
               think
               to
               cure
               themselves
               ,
               out
               of
               a
               little
               reading
               of
               some
               rules
               or
               remedies
               ,
               are
               oftentimes
               dangerously
               deceived
               .
               And
               this
               is
               enough
               to
               intimate
               generally
               concerning
               the
               uses
               of
               our
               Mineral
               waters
               .
            
             
               Inwardly
               we
               find
               great
               and
               profitable
               use
               of
               such
               waters
               as
               proceed
               from
               Nitre
               ,
               Allum
               ,
               Vitriol
               ,
               Sulphur
               ,
               Bitumen
               ,
               Iron
               ,
               Copper
               ,
               &c.
               
               Examples
               whereof
               I
               have
               set
               down
               before
               in
               the
               several
               Minerals
               ,
               referring
               the
               particular
               uses
               of
               each
               to
               such
               Authors
               as
               have
               purposely
               described
               them
               .
            
             
               My
               intent
               is
               chiefly
               to
               apply
               my self
               to
               those
               Baths
               of
               Bath
               in
               Summerset-shire
               ;
               which
               consisting
               ,
               as
               I
               judge
               ,
               principally
               of
               Bitumen
               ,
               with
               Nitre
               ,
               and
               some
               Sulphur
               ,
               I
               hold
               to
               be
               of
               great
               use
               both
               inwardly
               and
               outwardly
               .
               
               And
               I
               am
               sorry
               that
               I
               dare
               not
               commend
               the
               inward
               use
               of
               them
               as
               they
               deserve
               ,
               in
               regard
               I
               can
               hardly
               be
               perswaded
               that
               we
               have
               the
               water
               pure
               ,
               as
               the
               springs
               yield
               them
               ,
               but
               do
               fear
               ,
               lest
               where
               we
               take
               them
               ,
               they
               may
               be
               mixt
               with
               the
               water
               of
               the
               Bath
               .
               If
               this
               doubt
               were
               cleared
               ,
               I
               should
               
               not
               doubt
               to
               commend
               them
               inwardly
               ,
               to
               hear
               ,
               dry
               ,
               mollifie
               ,
               discuss
               ,
               glutinate
               ,
               dissolve
               ,
               open
               obstractions
               ,
               cleanse
               the
               kidneys
               and
               bladder
               ,
               ease
               cholicks
               ,
               comfort
               the
               matrix
               ,
               mitigate
               fits
               of
               the
               mother
               ,
               help
               barrenness
               proceeding
               from
               cold
               humors
               ,
               &c.
               as
               Tabernomoutanus
               affirms
               of
               other
               Bituminous
               Baths
               .
               
               Also
               in
               regard
               of
               the
               Nitre
               ,
               they
               cut
               and
               dissolve
               gross
               humors
               ,
               and
               cleanse
               by
               urine
               .
               In
               regard
               of
               the
               Sulphur
               ,
               they
               dry
               and
               resolve
               ,
               and
               mollifie
               ,
               and
               attract
               ,
               and
               are
               especially
               good
               for
               uterine
               affects
               proceeding
               from
               cold
               and
               windy
               humours
               .
            
             
               And
               I
               would
               wish
               these
               waters
               to
               be
               drunk
               hot
               as
               they
               are
               ,
               for
               better
               penetration
               ,
               and
               less
               offence
               to
               the
               stomach
               .
               The
               antient
               Grecians
               and
               Romans
               did
               drink
               most
               of
               their
               water
               and
               wine
               hot
               ,
               as
               we
               find
               in
               many
               Authors
               ,
               which
               Salmuth
               hath
               diligently
               collected
               :
               and
               
                 Anthonius
                 Percius
              
               hath
               purposely
               written
               a
               book
               of
               it
               ,
               entitaled
               
                 Dei
                 bever
                 caldo
                 castumato
                 da
                 gli
                 Antichi
                 .
              
               
               We
               find
               also
               that
               it
               is
               in
               use
               at
               this
               day
               ,
               both
               in
               the
               East-Indies
               and
               in
               Turkey
               ,
               where
               they
               have
               a
               drink
               called
               Capha
               ,
               sold
               ordinarily
               in
               Taverns
               ,
               and
               drunk
               hot
               ,
               although
               in
               the
               Summer
               .
               
               Verulamius
               doth
               marvel
               that
               it
               is
               so
               much
               grown
               out
               of
               use
               ,
               and
               adviseth
               to
               drink
               our
               first
               draught
               at
               our
               meals
               ,
               hot
               .
               There
               is
               great
               reason
               for
               it
               ,
               both
               for
               preservation
               of
               health
               ,
               and
               for
               cure
               of
               many
               diseases
               .
               The
               stomach
               being
               a
               nervous
               part
               ,
               must
               needs
               be
               offended
               by
               that
               which
               is
               actually
               cold
               :
               and
               being
               the
               seat
               of
               natural
               appetite
               ,
               
               and
               of
               the
               first
               concoction
               (
               whose
               errors
               and
               defects
               are
               not
               amended
               in
               the
               other
               concoctions
               )
               had
               need
               to
               be
               preserved
               in
               his
               native
               
               vigour
               and
               strength
               ,
               that
               it
               may
               breed
               good
               nourishment
               for
               the
               whole
               body
               .
               But
               the
               much
               use
               of
               cold
               drink
               ,
               although
               it
               seem
               to
               refresh
               us
               for
               the
               present
               ,
               by
               dulling
               the
               appetite
               and
               the
               sense
               of
               thirst
               and
               hunger
               ,
               as
               a
               stupefictive
               narcotick
               will
               do
               :
               yet
               it
               destroys
               the
               faculties
               of
               the
               stomach
               ,
               which
               are
               maintained
               and
               quickned
               by
               heat
               :
               and
               thereby
               breeds
               crudities
               in
               our
               bodies
               ,
               from
               whence
               many
               diseases
               proceed
               .
               The
               East-Indans
               are
               seldome
               troubled
               with
               the
               Stone
               or
               the
               Gout
               ,
               and
               it
               is
               imputed
               to
               their
               warm
               drink
               :
               the
               like
               we
               may
               judge
               of
               obstructions
               ,
               cholicks
               ,
               dropsies
               ,
               rheumes
               ,
               coughs
               ,
               hoarsness
               ,
               diseases
               in
               the
               throat
               and
               lungs
               ,
               &c.
               in
               which
               cases
               ,
               and
               many
               more
               which
               proceed
               from
               ill
               concoction
               and
               crudity
               of
               humors
               ,
               no
               doubt
               it
               is
               an
               excellent
               preservative
               to
               drink
               our
               drink
               warm
               .
               
               I
               know
               a
               worthy
               Gentleman
               of
               excellent
               parts
               ,
               who
               in
               his
               travels
               observed
               the
               benefit
               hereof
               ,
               and
               for
               many
               years
               hath
               used
               to
               take
               his
               drink
               hot
               :
               and
               being
               now
               above
               80
               years
               old
               ,
               enjoyeth
               his
               health
               of
               body
               ,
               and
               vigour
               of
               spirits
               ,
               beyond
               the
               ordinary
               course
               of
               men
               of
               his
               age
               .
               Likewise
               in
               the
               cure
               of
               diseases
               ,
               I
               perswade
               my self
               it
               would
               prove
               very
               profitable
               ,
               if
               it
               were
               in
               use
               .
               For
               example
               in
               feavers
               ,
               I
               see
               no
               reason
               but
               it
               would
               do
               more
               good
               than
               our
               cold
               waters
               ,
               juleps
               ,
               posset-drinks
               ,
               &c.
               which
               I
               approve
               well
               of
               ,
               but
               if
               the
               patient
               did
               drink
               them
               hot
               ,
               the
               stomach
               would
               be
               less
               offended
               thereby
               ,
               the
               moysture
               (
               which
               we
               chiefly
               desire
               in
               them
               )
               would
               penetrate
               more
               ,
               and
               the
               eventilation
               by
               sweat
               or
               insensible
               transpiration
               ,
               would
               not
               be
               hindred
               .
               
               Hypocrates
               is
               very
               plain
               in
               this
               point
               ,
               and
               
               reckons
               many
               inconveniences
               of
               cold
               drinks
               ,
               to
               the
               teeth
               ,
               bones
               ,
               nerves
               ,
               brest
               ,
               back
               ,
               lungs
               ,
               stomach
               ,
               &c.
               
               I
               will
               not
               insilt
               longer
               hereupon
               ,
               being
               a
               practical
               point
               of
               Physick
               :
               only
               I
               thought
               good
               to
               intimate
               it
               to
               our
               learned
               Physitians
               to
               contemplate
               upon
               ,
               for
               the
               benefit
               of
               our
               patients
               .
            
             
               Our
               Bath
               Guides
               do
               usually
               command
               the
               drinking
               of
               this
               water
               with
               salt
               to
               purge
               the
               body
               ,
               perswading
               the
               people
               that
               the
               Bath-water
               hath
               a
               purging
               quality
               in
               it
               ,
               when
               as
               the
               same
               proportion
               of
               spring-water
               ,
               with
               the
               like
               quantity
               of
               salt
               will
               do
               the
               like
               .
               Our
               Baths
               have
               true
               virtues
               to
               commend
               them
               ,
               so
               as
               we
               need
               not
               seek
               to
               get
               credit
               or
               grace
               unto
               them
               by
               false
               suggestions
               .
               The
               Bitumen
               and
               Nitre
               which
               is
               in
               them
               ,
               although
               it
               serves
               well
               for
               an
               alterative
               remedy
               ,
               yet
               it
               is
               not
               sufficient
               for
               an
               evacuative
               :
               and
               therefore
               we
               must
               attribute
               this
               purgative
               quality
               ,
               either
               to
               the
               great
               quantity
               of
               water
               which
               they
               drink
               (
               and
               so
               it
               works
               )
               
                 ratione
                 ponderis
              
               )
               or
               unto
               the
               stimulation
               of
               salt
               which
               is
               dissolved
               in
               it
               ,
               or
               unto
               both
               together
               .
               Our
               Common
               salt
               hath
               a
               stimulating
               quality
               ,
               as
               is
               shewed
               before
               ,
               Chap.
               7.
               and
               Erastus
               saith
               that
               it
               purgeth
               much
               .
               Bulcasis
               gives
               it
               to
               that
               purpose
               from
               3
               ij
               to
               3
               iiij
               .
               Mesue
               also
               prescribes
               it
               to
               purge
               gross
               humors
               ,
               and
               so
               doth
               Avicen
               .
               Wherefore
               there
               is
               no
               doubt
               but
               salt
               will
               purge
               of
               it self
               ,
               being
               dissolved
               in
               our
               Bath-water
               .
               
               But
               I
               should
               like
               much
               better
               to
               dissolve
               in
               it
               some
               appropriate
               syrup
               or
               other
               purgative
               ,
               for
               this
               purpose
               ,
               as
               Manna
               ,
               Tartar
               ,
               Elaterium
               ,
               syrups
               of
               Roses
               ,
               of
               Cichory
               ,
               with
               Rhubarb
               ,
               Augustanus
               ;
               or
               to
               
               move
               urine
               ,
               
                 Syr
                 ,
                 de
                 5.
                 rad
                 .
                 Bizantinus
                 de
                 Limonibus
                 ,
                 Sambuclnas
                 ,
                 de
                 Altzhca
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
               And
               this
               course
               is
               usual
               in
               Italy
               ,
               according
               as
               the
               Physitian
               sees
               most
               convenient
               ,
               but
               with
               this
               caution
               ,
               that
               when
               they
               take
               it
               in
               potion
               ,
               they
               must
               not
               use
               the
               Bath
               ,
               because
               of
               contrary
               motions
               .
            
             
               Inwardly
               also
               Bath-waters
               are
               used
               ,
               for
               Broths
               ,
               Beer
               ,
               Juleps
               ,
               &c.
               although
               some
               do
               mislike
               it
               ,
               because
               they
               will
               not
               mix
               medicaments
               with
               aliments
               :
               wresting
               a
               text
               in
               Hypocr
               .
               to
               that
               purpose
               .
               
               But
               if
               we
               may
               mix
               Diureticks
               ,
               Deoppilatives
               ,
               Purgatives
               ,
               &c.
               with
               aliments
               ,
               as
               usually
               we
               do
               :
               I
               see
               no
               reason
               but
               we
               may
               as
               well
               use
               mineral
               waters
               ,
               where
               we
               desire
               to
               make
               our
               aliments
               more
               alterative
               by
               a
               medicinal
               quality
               ,
               alwaies
               provided
               that
               there
               be
               no
               malignity
               in
               them
               ,
               nor
               any
               ill
               quality
               which
               may
               offend
               any
               principal
               part
               .
               And
               thus
               much
               for
               the
               use
               of
               them
               by
               mouth
               .
            
             
               By
               injection
               they
               are
               used
               also
               into
               the
               Womb
               ,
               to
               warm
               ,
               and
               dry
               ,
               and
               cleanse
               those
               parts
               ;
               into
               the
               passages
               of
               urine
               ,
               to
               dry
               and
               heal
               excoriations
               there
               ;
               into
               the
               fundament
               for
               like
               causes
               ,
               as
               also
               for
               resolutions
               of
               the
               Sphincter
               ,
               and
               bearing
               down
               of
               the
               fundament
               ,
               &c.
               
               And
               thus
               they
               are
               used
               either
               alone
               ,
               or
               mixed
               with
               other
               medicines
               ,
               according
               as
               the
               Physitian
               thinks
               most
               sit
               ,
               and
               we
               daily
               find
               very
               good
               success
               thereby
               in
               uterine
               affects
               ,
               depending
               upon
               cold
               causes
               .
               Thus
               much
               for
               the
               inward
               use
               of
               our
               Bath-waters
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               XVII
               .
            
             
               
                 Of
                 the
                 outward
                 use
                 of
                 the
                 the
                 Hot
                 Waters
                 of
                 Bathe
                 ;
                 first
                 ,
                 the
                 general
                 use
                 of
                 them
                 to
                 the
                 whole
                 body
                 in
                 Bathing
                 :
                 secondly
                 ,
                 the
                 particular
                 use
                 of
                 them
                 by
                 pumping
                 ,
                 bucketing
                 ,
                 or
                 applying
                 the
                 mud
                 .
              
            
             
               OUtwardly
               our
               Bath-waters
               are
               principally
               used
               ,
               because
               they
               are
               most
               properly
               for
               such
               affects
               as
               are
               in
               the
               habit
               of
               the
               body
               ,
               and
               out
               of
               the
               veins
               :
               as
               Palsies
               ,
               Contractions
               ,
               Rheums
               ,
               cold
               Tumors
               ,
               affects
               of
               the
               skin
               ,
               aches
               ,
               &c.
               
               And
               in
               these
               cases
               ,
               we
               use
               not
               only
               the
               water
               ,
               but
               also
               the
               mud
               ,
               and
               in
               some
               places
               the
               upour
               .
            
             
               The
               water
               is
               used
               both
               for
               his
               actual
               and
               potential
               heat
               ,
               as
               also
               for
               the
               second
               qualities
               of
               mollifying
               ,
               discussing
               ,
               cleansing
               ,
               resolving
               ,
               &c.
               which
               the
               minerals
               give
               unto
               it
               .
               The
               use
               hereof
               is
               either
               general
               to
               the
               whole
               body
               ,
               as
               in
               bathing
               ;
               or
               some
               particular
               to
               some
               one
               part
               ,
               as
               in
               bucketing
               or
               pumping
               ,
               which
               antiently
               was
               called
               Stillicidium
               .
               The
               Italians
               call
               it
               Duccia
               .
               The
               general
               use
               in
               Bathing
               ,
               is
               most
               antient
               :
               for
               our
               Bathes
               were
               first
               discovered
               thereby
               to
               be
               wholsome
               and
               soveraign
               in
               many
               diseases
               .
            
             
               Nechams
               Verses
               concerning
               the
               use
               of
               these
               Bathes
               ,
               are
               four
               hundred
               years
               old
               .
               
                 
                   Bathoniae
                   Thermas
                   vix
                   praefero
                   Virgilianas
                
                 
                   Confecto
                   prosunt
                   Balnea
                   nostra
                   seni
                   :
                
                 
                   Prosunt
                   attritis
                   ,
                   collisis
                   invalidisque
                   ,
                
                 
                   Et
                   quorum
                   morbis
                   frigida
                   causa
                   subest
                   .
                
              
            
             
             
               Which
               I
               will
               English
               out
               of
               Dr.
               Hackwels
               learned
               work
               of
               the
               perpetuity
               of
               the
               world
               .
               
                 
                   Our
                   Bains
                   at
                   Bathe
                   with
                   Virgils
                   to
                   compare
                   ;
                
                 
                   For
                   their
                   effects
                   ,
                   I
                   dare
                   almost
                   be
                   bold
                   ,
                
                 
                   For
                   feeble
                   folk
                   ,
                   and
                   crazie
                   good
                   they
                   are
                   ,
                
                 
                   For
                   bruiz'd
                   ,
                   consum'd
                   ,
                   far
                   spent
                   ,
                   and
                   very
                   old
                   ,
                
                 
                   For
                   those
                   likewise
                   whose
                   sickness
                   comes
                   of
                   cold
                   .
                
              
            
             
               We
               have
               antient
               traditions
               (
               
                 famae
                 est
                 obscurior
                 annis
              
               )
               That
               King
               Bladud
               who
               is
               said
               to
               have
               lived
               in
               the
               time
               of
               Elias
               ,
               did
               first
               discover
               these
               Bathes
               ,
               and
               made
               tryal
               of
               them
               upon
               his
               own
               Son
               ,
               and
               thereupon
               built
               this
               City
               ,
               and
               distinguished
               the
               Bathes
               ,
               &c.
               
               But
               we
               have
               no
               certain
               record
               hereof
               .
               It
               is
               enough
               that
               we
               can
               shew
               the
               use
               of
               them
               for
               400
               years
               ,
               and
               that
               at
               this
               day
               they
               are
               as
               powerful
               as
               ever
               they
               were
               :
               Cambden
               gives
               them
               a
               more
               antient
               date
               from
               Ptolomy
               and
               Antonine
               ,
               and
               the
               Saxons
               :
               and
               saith
               they
               were
               called
               
                 Aquae
                 Solis
              
               ,
               and
               by
               the
               
                 Saxons
                 ,
                 Akmanchester
              
               ,
               that
               is
               ,
               the
               town
               of
               sick
               people
               ,
               and
               dedicated
               to
               Minerva
               ,
               as
               Solinus
               faith
               .
               The
               opinion
               that
               the
               Bathes
               were
               made
               by
               Art
               ,
               is
               too
               simple
               for
               any
               wise
               man
               to
               believe
               ,
               or
               for
               me
               to
               confute
               :
               And
               Necham
               in
               his
               Verses
               which
               follow
               after
               those
               I
               have
               mentioned
               ,
               doth
               hold
               it
               a
               sigment
               :
               you
               may
               see
               them
               in
               Cambden
               .
               We
               have
               them
               for
               their
               use
               in
               bathing
               ,
               distinguished
               into
               four
               several
               Bathes
               ,
               whereof
               three
               have
               been
               antiently
               ;
               namely
               the
               KingsBath
               ,
               the
               Hot
               Bath
               and
               the
               Cross
               Bath
               .
               The
               Queens
               Bath
               was
               taken
               from
               the
               Springs
               of
               the
               Kings
               Bath
               ,
               that
               being
               farther
               off
               ,
               from
               the
               hot
               Springs
               ,
               it
               might
               
               serve
               for
               such
               as
               could
               not
               endure
               the
               heat
               of
               the
               other
               .
               We
               have
               likewise
               an
               appendix
               to
               the
               hot
               Bath
               ;
               called
               the
               Leapers
               Bath
               ,
               for
               unclean
               persons
               .
               We
               find
               little
               difference
               in
               the
               nature
               of
               these
               Bathes
               ,
               but
               in
               the
               degree
               of
               heat
               ,
               proceeding
               no
               doubt
               ,
               from
               one
               and
               the
               same
               Mine
               .
               Yet
               as
               the
               Mine
               may
               be
               hotter
               in
               one
               p●●tthen
               in
               another
               ,
               or
               the
               passages
               more
               direct
               from
               it
               ,
               so
               the
               heat
               of
               them
               may
               vary
               .
               Some
               little
               difference
               also
               we
               find
               among
               them
               ,
               that
               one
               is
               more
               cleansing
               then
               another
               ,
               by
               reason
               (
               is
               I
               take
               it
               )
               of
               more
               Nitre
               .
               For
               in
               the
               cross
               Bath
               we
               find
               that
               our
               fingers
               ends
               will
               shrink
               and
               shrivel
               ,
               as
               if
               we
               had
               washed
               in
               Soap-water
               ,
               more
               then
               in
               the
               other
               Bathes
               .
               The
               Kings
               Bath
               ,
               as
               it
               is
               the
               hottest
               of
               all
               the
               Bathes
               ,
               so
               it
               is
               the
               fittest
               for
               very
               cold
               diseases
               ,
               and
               cold
               and
               phleg●●●ck
               constitutions
               :
               And
               we
               have
               daily
               expe●●ence
               of
               the
               good
               effects
               it
               worketh
               upon
               Pal●es
               ,
               Aches
               ,
               Sciatica's
               ,
               cold
               Tumors
               ,
               &c.
               both
               by
               ●scuation
               ,
               by
               Sweat
               ,
               and
               by
               warming
               the
               parts
               facted
               ,
               attenuating
               ,
               discussing
               ,
               and
               resolving
               the
               mors
               .
               Also
               in
               Epilepsies
               and
               Uterin
               affects
               in
               ●e
               Scorbute
               ,
               and
               in
               that
               kind
               of
               dropsie
               which
               ●t
               call
               Anasarca
               .
               The
               hot
               Bath
               is
               little
               infe●●r
               unto
               it
               ,
               as
               next
               in
               degree
               of
               heat
               ,
               and
               ●full
               in
               the
               same
               cases
               .
               The
               Queens
               Bath
               ,
               ●d
               Cross
               Bath
               are
               more
               temperate
               in
               their
               heat
               ,
               ●d
               therefore
               fittest
               for
               tender
               bodies
               ,
               which
               are
               ●t
               to
               be
               inflamed
               by
               the
               other
               ,
               and
               where
               ●●e
               is
               more
               need
               of
               mollifying
               and
               gentle
               ●ming
               ,
               then
               of
               violent
               heat
               and
               much
               evacuam
               by
               sweat
               .
               And
               in
               these
               Bathes
               they
               may
               dare
               longer
               without
               dissipation
               of
               Spirits
               ,
               then
               
               in
               the
               other
               :
               the
               Queens
               Bath
               is
               the
               hotter
               of
               the
               two
               ,
               but
               temperate
               enough
               for
               most
               bodies
               .
               The
               Cross
               Bath
               is
               the
               coldest
               of
               all
               ,
               as
               having
               but
               few
               Springs
               to
               feed
               it
               :
               yet
               we
               observe
               it
               to
               supple
               ,
               and
               mollifie
               more
               then
               the
               rest
               ,
               both
               because
               they
               are
               able
               to
               stay
               longer
               in
               it
               ,
               and
               because
               (
               as
               I
               said
               before
               )
               it
               seems
               to
               participate
               more
               with
               Nitre
               ,
               then
               the
               rest
               ,
               which
               doth
               cleanse
               better
               ,
               and
               gives
               more
               penetration
               to
               the
               other
               Minerals
               .
               Wherefore
               in
               contractions
               ,
               Epilepsies
               ,
               Uterin
               affects
               ,
               Convulsions
               ,
               Cramps
               ,
               &c.
               
               This
               Bath
               is
               very
               useful
               ,
               as
               also
               in
               cutaneal
               diseases
               ,
               as
               Morphews
               ,
               Itch
               ,
               &c.
               
               Thus
               much
               for
               the
               nature
               and
               difference
               of
               our
               Bathes
               ,
               and
               the
               general
               use
               in
               bathing
               .
            
             
               They
               are
               used
               also
               to
               particular
               parts
               by
               pumping
               or
               bucketing
               ,
               or
               applying
               the
               mud
               .
            
             
               Pumping
               or
               bucketing
               are
               not
               used
               in
               that
               fashion
               ,
               as
               we
               use
               them
               in
               any
               other
               Bathes
               that
               I
               can
               learn
               ,
               but
               only
               the
               Duccia
               or
               Stillicidium
               But
               I
               hold
               our
               fashion
               as
               good
               as
               that
               .
               The
               water
               comes
               more
               plentifully
               upon
               the
               part
               ,
               and
               may
               be
               directed
               as
               the
               patient
               hath
               occasion
               .
               O●●
               bucketing
               hath
               been
               longest
               in
               use
               :
               but
               finding
               that
               it
               did
               not
               heat
               some
               sufficiently
               ,
               being
               take●
               from
               the
               surface
               of
               the
               Bath
               ,
               we
               have
               of
               lat●
               erected
               Pumps
               ,
               which
               draw
               the
               water
               from
               th●
               springs
               or
               near
               unto
               them
               ,
               so
               as
               we
               have
               it
               muc●
               hotter
               from
               thence
               ,
               then
               we
               can
               have
               it
               by
               buc●keting
               .
               A
               worthy
               Merchant
               and
               Citizen
               〈…〉
               London
               ,
               Mr.
               
                 Humphrey
                 Brown
              
               ,
               was
               perswade
               by
               me
               to
               bestow
               two
               of
               these
               Pumps
               upon
               the
               Kings
               and
               Queens
               Bath
               ,
               whereby
               he
               hath
               do●
               much
               good
               to
               many
               ,
               and
               deserves
               a
               thankfu●
               
               remembrance
               .
               The
               like
               also
               I
               procured
               to
               be
               done
               at
               the
               other
               Bathes
               ,
               although
               that
               of
               the
               CrossBath
               is
               not
               so
               useful
               ,
               by
               reason
               it
               wants
               heat
               ,
               unless
               for
               yong
               Children
               .
               Also
               we
               have
               a
               Pump
               out
               of
               the
               hot
               Bath
               ,
               which
               we
               call
               the
               dry
               Pump
               ,
               where
               one
               may
               sit
               in
               a
               Chair
               in
               his
               Cloaths
               ,
               and
               have
               his
               Head
               ,
               or
               Foot
               ,
               or
               Knee
               pumped
               without
               heating
               the
               rest
               of
               the
               body
               in
               the
               Bath
               ;
               and
               devised
               chiefly
               for
               such
               as
               have
               hot
               Kidneys
               ,
               or
               some
               other
               infirmities
               which
               the
               Bath
               might
               hurt
               .
               This
               we
               find
               very
               usefull
               in
               Rheums
               ,
               and
               cold
               Brains
               ,
               and
               in
               Aches
               and
               Tumors
               in
               the
               Feet
               .
               For
               these
               Pumps
               we
               are
               beholding
               unto
               the
               late
               Lord
               Archbishop
               of
               York
               ,
               and
               to
               Mr.
               
                 Hugh
                 May
              
               ,
               who
               upon
               my
               perswasions
               were
               contented
               to
               be
               at
               the
               charge
               of
               them
               .
               It
               were
               to
               be
               wished
               that
               some
               well
               disposed
               to
               the
               publick
               good
               ,
               would
               erect
               the
               like
               at
               the
               Kings
               Bath
               ;
               †
               where
               ,
               perhaps
               ,
               it
               might
               be
               more
               usefull
               for
               many
               ,
               in
               regard
               of
               the
               greater
               heat
               which
               those
               springs
               have
               .
            
             
               The
               lute
               of
               Bathes
               is
               in
               much
               use
               in
               some
               places
               ,
               where
               it
               may
               be
               had
               pure
               ,
               both
               to
               mollifie
               ,
               and
               to
               resolve
               ,
               and
               to
               strengthen
               weak
               parts
               .
               But
               we
               make
               little
               use
               of
               it
               in
               our
               Bathes
               ,
               because
               we
               cannot
               have
               it
               pure
               ,
               but
               mixed
               with
               strigments
               .
               In
               divers
               other
               places
               either
               the
               springs
               arise
               a
               good
               distance
               from
               the
               bathing
               places
               ,
               or
               else
               there
               be
               other
               eruptions
               from
               whence
               it
               may
               be
               taken
               .
               But
               our
               springs
               arising
               in
               the
               Bathes
               themselves
               ,
               it
               cannot
               well
               be
               saved
               pure
               .
               Besides
               ,
               we
               have
               not
               those
               means
               of
               the
               heat
               of
               the
               Sun
               ,
               to
               keep
               it
               warm
               to
               the
               parts
               where
               it
               is
               applyed
               :
               so
               as
               growing
               cold
               ,
               it
               
               rather
               does
               hurt
               then
               good
               .
               Wherefore
               it
               were
               better
               for
               us
               ,
               to
               use
               artificial
               lutes
               ,
               as
               the
               Antients
               did
               ,
               of
               Clay
               ,
               Sulphur
               ,
               Bitumen
               ,
               Nitre
               ,
               Salt
               ,
               &c.
               or
               unguents
               of
               the
               same
               nature
               ,
               as
               that
               which
               they
               call
               Ceroma
               .
               But
               the
               best
               way
               is
               to
               referr
               the
               election
               of
               these
               remedies
               to
               the
               present
               Physitian
               ,
               who
               will
               fit
               them
               according
               to
               the
               nature
               of
               the
               grief
               .
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               XVIII
               .
            
             
               
                 In
                 what
                 particular
                 Infirmities
                 of
                 the
                 Body
                 ,
                 bathing
                 in
                 the
                 Hot
                 Waters
                 of
                 Bathe
                 is
                 profitable
                 .
              
            
             
               TO
               come
               more
               particularly
               to
               the
               use
               of
               bathing
               ,
               we
               must
               understand
               ,
               that
               there
               are
               many
               mineral
               waters
               fit
               for
               bathing
               ,
               which
               are
               not
               fit
               to
               drink
               :
               as
               those
               which
               participate
               with
               Lead
               ,
               Quicksilver
               ,
               Gypsum
               ,
               Cadmia
               ,
               Arsenick
               ,
               &c.
               
               Also
               those
               that
               contain
               liquid
               Bitumen
               ,
               are
               thought
               to
               relax
               too
               much
               :
               but
               those
               that
               proceed
               from
               dry
               Bitumen
               are
               permitted
               ,
               and
               prescribed
               in
               potion
               by
               
                 Paulus
                 AEgineta
              
               ,
               and
               Trallian
               :
               Sulphur
               also
               is
               questioned
               ,
               Whether
               it
               be
               fit
               to
               be
               taken
               inwardly
               by
               Potion
               ,
               because
               it
               relaxeth
               the
               stomach
               ,
               and
               therefore
               Aetius
               forbids
               it
               :
               yet
               Trallian
               allows
               it
               ,
               and
               so
               do
               others
               ,
               if
               the
               Sulphur
               be
               not
               predominant
               .
               
               But
               for
               outward
               bathing
               there
               is
               no
               question
               to
               be
               made
               of
               these
               Minerals
               ,
               nor
               of
               any
               other
               which
               are
               not
               in
               themselves
               venomous
               .
            
             
             
               And
               whereas
               
                 Oribasius
                 ,
                 AEgineta
                 ,
                 Actuarius
                 ,
                 &c.
              
               are
               suspitious
               of
               Sulphur
               and
               Bitumen
               for
               the
               head
               :
               
               they
               must
               be
               understood
               of
               hot
               distempers
               there
               ,
               and
               not
               of
               cold
               rheumatick
               brains
               ;
               where
               by
               daily
               experience
               we
               find
               the
               profitable
               use
               of
               them
               ,
               both
               by
               evacuation
               in
               bucketing
               ,
               and
               by
               warming
               and
               comforting
               the
               cold
               part
               .
               
               And
               Oribasius
               doth
               ingeniously
               confess
               ,
               that
               the
               nature
               of
               these
               Baths
               was
               not
               then
               perfectly
               discovered
               ;
               and
               therefore
               they
               were
               all
               held
               to
               be
               ,
               not
               only
               dry
               ,
               but
               very
               hot
               ;
               although
               we
               find
               them
               not
               all
               so
               :
               for
               Iron
               waters
               do
               cool
               ,
               and
               so
               do
               those
               of
               Camphir
               ,
               and
               Alluminous
               ,
               and
               Nitrous
               waters
               also
               .
               
               But
               for
               our
               Bituminous
               and
               Sulphurous
               waters
               which
               Galen
               forbids
               in
               hot
               brains
               ,
               there
               is
               no
               reason
               to
               suspect
               them
               in
               cold
               affects
               of
               the
               brain
               and
               nerves
               ,
               in
               which
               cases
               we
               make
               especial
               choice
               of
               all
               things
               ,
               which
               either
               in
               tast
               or
               smell
               do
               resemble
               Bitumen
               :
               as
               Rue
               ,
               Castorium
               ,
               
                 Valeriana
                 ,
                 Herba
                 Paralyseos
                 ,
                 Trifolium
                 ,
                 Asphaltitis
                 ,
                 &c.
              
               which
               both
               by
               his
               warming
               quality
               ,
               and
               by
               his
               suppling
               and
               mollifying
               substance
               ,
               is
               most
               proper
               and
               convenient
               for
               those
               parts
               .
               
               The
               like
               I
               may
               say
               of
               Sulphur
               ,
               in
               which
               nothing
               can
               be
               excepted
               against
               ,
               but
               his
               sharp
               spirit
               ,
               which
               is
               made
               by
               burning
               :
               and
               we
               have
               none
               of
               that
               in
               our
               waters
               ,
               nor
               I
               hope
               any
               fire
               to
               make
               it
               withal
               .
               The
               other
               parts
               of
               Sulphur
               are
               hot
               and
               dry
               ,
               and
               very
               unctuous
               .
               As
               for
               Nitre
               ,
               it
               cleanseth
               ,
               purgeth
               both
               by
               stool
               and
               urine
               ,
               and
               helpeth
               the
               incorporation
               of
               the
               other
               Minerals
               with
               the
               water
               ,
               and
               qualifies
               the
               heat
               of
               them
               ,
               and
               gives
               them
               better
               penetration
               
               into
               our
               bodies
               .
               In
               regard
               of
               these
               Minerals
               ,
               together
               with
               the
               actual
               heat
               ,
               we
               find
               that
               the
               bathing
               in
               our
               Baths
               doth
               warm
               the
               whole
               habit
               of
               the
               body
               ,
               attenuate
               humors
               ,
               open
               the
               pores
               ,
               procure
               sweat
               ,
               move
               urine
               ,
               cleanse
               the
               matrix
               ,
               provoke
               womens
               evacuations
               ,
               dry
               up
               unnatural
               humors
               ,
               strengthen
               parts
               weakned
               ,
               comfort
               the
               nerves
               ,
               and
               all
               neutrous
               parts
               ,
               cleanse
               the
               skin
               ,
               and
               suck
               out
               all
               salt
               humours
               from
               thence
               ,
               open
               obstructions
               ,
               if
               they
               be
               not
               too
               much
               impacted
               ,
               case
               pains
               of
               the
               joynts
               and
               nerves
               and
               muscles
               ,
               mollifie
               and
               discuss
               hard
               tumors
               ,
               &c.
               
               Wherefore
               this
               bathing
               is
               profitable
               for
               all
               palsies
               ,
               apoplexies
               ,
               caros
               ,
               epilepsies
               ,
               stupidity
               ,
               destuctions
               ,
               gouts
               ,
               sciaticaes
               ,
               contractions
               ,
               cramps
               ,
               aches
               ,
               tumors
               ,
               itches
               ,
               scabs
               ,
               leprosies
               ,
               cholicks
               ,
               windyness
               ,
               whites
               in
               women
               ,
               stopping
               of
               their
               courser
               ,
               barrenness
               ,
               abortions
               ,
               scorbuts
               ,
               anasarcaes
               ,
               and
               generally
               all
               cold
               and
               phlegmatick
               diseases
               ,
               which
               are
               needless
               to
               reckon
               up
               .
               In
               all
               which
               cure●
               our
               Baths
               have
               a
               great
               hand
               ,
               being
               skilfully
               directed
               by
               the
               Physitian
               ,
               with
               preparation
               of
               the
               body
               before
               ,
               and
               addition
               of
               such
               other
               helps
               as
               are
               needfull
               .
               And
               whereas
               without
               the
               help
               of
               such
               Baths
               ,
               these
               diseases
               could
               not
               be
               cured
               without
               tormenting
               the
               body
               ,
               either
               by
               fire
               ,
               of
               lancing
               ,
               or
               causticks
               ,
               or
               long
               dyets
               ,
               or
               bitter
               and
               ungrateful
               medicines
               ,
               &c.
               
               In
               this
               course
               of
               bathing
               ,
               all
               is
               pleasant
               and
               comfortable
               ,
               and
               more
               effectual
               than
               the
               other
               courses
               ,
               and
               therefore
               it
               is
               commonly
               the
               last
               refuge
               in
               these
               cases
               ,
               when
               all
               other
               means
               fail
               .
               I
               will
               not
               undertake
               to
               reckon
               up
               all
               the
               benefits
               which
               our
               Baths
               do
               
               promise
               ;
               but
               if
               we
               had
               a
               register
               kept
               of
               the
               manifold
               cures
               which
               have
               been
               done
               by
               the
               use
               of
               our
               Baths
               principally
               ,
               it
               would
               appear
               of
               what
               great
               use
               they
               are
               .
               But
               as
               there
               is
               a
               defect
               in
               not
               keeping
               a
               Catalogue
               of
               rare
               Cures
               ,
               so
               many
               persons
               of
               the
               better
               sort
               would
               be
               offended
               ,
               if
               a
               Physitian
               should
               make
               any
               mention
               of
               their
               cures
               or
               griefs
               :
               wherefore
               I
               must
               speak
               but
               generally
               .
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               XIX
               .
            
             
               
                 The
                 manner
                 of
                 bathing
                 ,
                 chiefly
                 referred
                 to
                 the
                 inspection
                 and
                 ordering
                 of
                 a
                 Physitian
                 .
                 Yet
                 some
                 particulars
                 touched
                 concerning
                 the
                 government
                 of
                 the
                 patient
                 in
                 and
                 after
                 bathing
                 ;
                 the
                 time
                 of
                 day
                 ,
                 of
                 staying
                 in
                 the
                 Bath
                 ,
                 of
                 continuing
                 the
                 use
                 of
                 it
                 ,
                 The
                 time
                 of
                 the
                 year
                 .
                 Of
                 covering
                 the
                 Baths
                 .
              
            
             
               NOw
               for
               the
               manner
               of
               bathing
               ,
               I
               will
               not
               set
               down
               what
               the
               Physitian
               is
               to
               do
               ,
               but
               leave
               that
               to
               his
               judgement
               and
               discretion
               :
               but
               what
               is
               fit
               for
               the
               patient
               to
               know
               :
               for
               there
               are
               many
               cautions
               and
               observations
               in
               the
               use
               of
               bathing
               ,
               drawn
               from
               the
               particular
               constitutions
               of
               bodies
               ;
               from
               the
               complication
               of
               diseases
               ,
               and
               from
               many
               other
               circumstances
               which
               cannot
               be
               comprehended
               in
               general
               rules
               ,
               or
               applyed
               to
               all
               bodies
               alike
               :
               but
               many
               times
               upon
               the
               success
               ,
               
               and
               the
               appearing
               of
               accidents
               ,
               the
               Physitian
               must
               
                 exre
                 nat
                 a
                 capere
                 consilium
              
               ,
               and
               perhaps
               alter
               his
               intended
               course
               ,
               and
               perhaps
               change
               the
               Bath
               either
               to
               a
               hotter
               or
               cooler
               ,
               &c.
               
               In
               which
               respect
               ,
               those
               patients
               are
               ill
               advised
               which
               will
               venture
               without
               their
               Physitian
               upon
               any
               particular
               Bath
               ,
               or
               to
               direct
               themselves
               in
               the
               use
               of
               it
               :
               And
               this
               is
               a
               great
               cause
               that
               many
               go
               away
               from
               hence
               without
               benefit
               ,
               and
               then
               they
               are
               apt
               to
               complain
               of
               our
               Baths
               ,
               and
               blaspheme
               this
               great
               blessing
               of
               God
               bestowed
               upon
               us
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               fit
               for
               the
               patient
               when
               he
               goeth
               into
               the
               Bath
               ,
               to
               defend
               those
               parts
               which
               are
               apt
               to
               be
               offended
               by
               the
               Bath
               :
               as
               to
               have
               his
               head
               well
               covered
               from
               the
               air
               and
               wind
               ,
               and
               from
               the
               vapours
               arising
               from
               the
               Bath
               :
               also
               his
               kidneys
               (
               if
               they
               be
               subject
               to
               the
               Stone
               )
               anointed
               with
               some
               cooling
               unguents
               ;
               as
               
                 Rosatum
                 Comitissae
                 ,
                 Infrigidans
                 Galeni
                 ,
                 Santolinum
                 ,
              
               &c.
               
               Also
               to
               begin
               gently
               with
               the
               Bath
               ,
               till
               his
               body
               be
               inured
               to
               it
               ,
               and
               to
               be
               quiet
               from
               swimming
               ,
               or
               much
               motion
               ,
               which
               may
               offend
               the
               head
               by
               sending
               up
               vapours
               thither
               :
               at
               his
               coming
               forth
               ,
               to
               have
               his
               body
               well
               dryed
               ,
               and
               to
               rest
               in
               his
               bed
               an
               hour
               ,
               and
               sweat
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               A
               morning
               ,
               hour
               is
               fittest
               for
               bathing
               ,
               after
               the
               Sun
               hath
               been
               up
               an
               hour
               or
               two
               ;
               and
               if
               it
               be
               thought
               fit
               to
               use
               it
               again
               in
               the
               afternoon
               ,
               it
               is
               best
               four
               or
               five
               hours
               after
               a
               light
               dinner
               .
               For
               the
               time
               of
               staying
               in
               the
               Bath
               ,
               it
               must
               be
               according
               to
               the
               quality
               of
               the
               Bath
               ,
               and
               the
               toleration
               of
               the
               patient
               .
               In
               a
               hot
               Bath
               ,
               an
               hour
               or
               
               less
               may
               be
               sufficient
               :
               in
               a
               temperate
               Bath
               ,
               two
               hours
               .
               For
               the
               time
               of
               continuing
               the
               Bath
               ,
               there
               can
               be
               no
               certain
               time
               set
               down
               ,
               but
               it
               must
               be
               according
               as
               the
               patient
               finds
               amendment
               ,
               sometimes
               twenty
               daies
               ,
               sometimes
               thirty
               ,
               and
               in
               difficult
               cases
               much
               longer
               .
               And
               therefore
               they
               reckon
               without
               their
               Host
               ,
               which
               assign
               themselves
               a
               certain
               time
               ,
               as
               perhaps
               their
               occasions
               of
               business
               will
               best
               afford
               .
               For
               the
               time
               of
               the
               year
               ,
               our
               Italian
               and
               Spanish
               Authors
               prefer
               the
               Spring
               and
               Fall
               ;
               and
               so
               they
               may
               well
               do
               in
               their
               hot
               Countreys
               ;
               but
               with
               us
               ,
               considering
               our
               climate
               is
               colder
               ,
               and
               our
               Baths
               are
               for
               cold
               diseases
               ;
               I
               hold
               the
               warmest
               moneths
               in
               the
               year
               to
               be
               best
               ;
               as
               
                 May
                 ,
                 June
                 ,
                 July
                 ,
                 and
                 August
                 ,
              
               and
               I
               have
               persivaded
               many
               ,
               hereunto
               who
               have
               found
               the
               benefit
               of
               it
               ;
               for
               both
               in
               our
               Springs
               ,
               and
               after
               September
               our
               weather
               is
               commonly
               variable
               ,
               and
               apt
               to
               offend
               weak
               persons
               ,
               who
               finding
               it
               temperate
               at
               noon
               ,
               do
               not
               susp
               ct
               the
               coolness
               of
               the
               mornings
               and
               evenings
               .
               Likewise
               in
               the
               Bath
               it self
               ,
               although
               the
               Springs
               arise
               as
               hot
               as
               at
               other
               times
               ,
               yet
               the
               wind
               and
               air
               beating
               upon
               them
               ,
               doth
               do
               them
               much
               harm
               ,
               and
               also
               make
               the
               surface
               of
               the
               water
               much
               cooler
               than
               the
               bottom
               :
               and
               therefore
               Clauidinus
               wisheth
               all
               Baths
               to
               be
               covered
               ,
               and
               Fall●pius
               finds
               great
               fault
               with
               the
               Lords
               of
               Venice
               ,
               that
               they
               do
               not
               cover
               their
               Bath
               at
               Apono
               .
               We
               see
               also
               that
               most
               of
               the
               Baths
               in
               Europe
               are
               covered
               ,
               whereby
               they
               retain
               the
               same
               temperature
               at
               all
               times
               .
               And
               it
               were
               to
               be
               wished
               that
               our
               Queens
               Bath
               ,
               and
               Cross-Bath
               ,
               being
               small
               Baths
               ,
               were
               covered
               ,
               
               and
               their
               Slips
               made
               close
               and
               warm
               .
               By
               this
               means
               our
               Baths
               would
               be
               useful
               all
               the
               year
               ,
               wh●●
               neither
               wind
               and
               cold
               air
               in
               Winter
               ,
               nor
               the
               Sun
               in
               Summer
               should
               hinder
               our
               bathing
               .
               Moreover
               ,
               for
               want
               of
               this
               benefit
               ,
               many
               who
               have
               indifferently
               well
               recovered
               in
               the
               Fall
               ,
               do
               fall
               back
               again
               in
               the
               winter
               before
               the
               Cure
               be
               perfectly
               finished
               :
               and
               as
               this
               would
               be
               a
               great
               benefit
               to
               many
               weak
               persons
               ,
               so
               it
               would
               be
               no
               harm
               to
               this
               City
               ,
               if
               it
               may
               be
               a
               means
               of
               procuring
               more
               resort
               hither
               in
               the
               Winter
               time
               ,
               or
               more
               early
               in
               the
               Spring
               ,
               or
               more
               late
               at
               the
               Fall.
               
            
             
               I
               desire
               not
               novelties
               ,
               or
               to
               bring
               in
               innovations
               ,
               but
               I
               propound
               these
               things
               upon
               good
               grounds
               and
               examples
               of
               the
               best
               Baths
               in
               Europe
               ,
               and
               so
               I
               desire
               to
               have
               them
               considered
               of
               ,
               referring
               both
               this
               point
               ,
               and
               whatsoever
               else
               I
               have
               said
               in
               this
               Discourse
               ,
               to
               the
               censure
               of
               those
               who
               are
               able
               to
               judge
               .
            
             
               I
               do
               purposely
               omit
               many
               things
               about
               the
               virtues
               and
               uses
               of
               our
               Baths
               ,
               which
               belong
               properly
               to
               the
               Physitian
               ,
               and
               cannot
               well
               be
               intimated
               to
               the
               patient
               without
               dangerous
               mistaking
               .
               
               For
               as
               Galen
               faith
               ,
               our
               Art
               of
               Physick
               goes
               upon
               two
               legs
               ,
               Reason
               and
               Experience
               ;
               and
               if
               either
               of
               these
               be
               defective
               ,
               our
               Physick
               must
               needs
               be
               lame
               .
               Experience
               was
               first
               in
               order
               :
               
                 
                   Per
                   varios
                   usus
                   artem
                   experientia
                   socit
                   ,
                
                 
                   Exemplo
                   monstrante
                   viam
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   From
                   much
                   Experience
                   ,
                   th'
                   Art
                   of
                   Physick
                   ●●●e
                   ,
                
                 
                   Directed
                   by
                   Example
                   to
                   the
                   same
                   .
                
              
            
             
             
               Reason
               followed
               ,
               which
               without
               Experience
               ,
               makes
               a
               meer
               contemplative
               and
               theorical
               Physitian
               .
               Experience
               without
               Reason
               ,
               makes
               a
               meer
               Emperick
               ,
               no
               better
               than
               a
               Nurse
               or
               an
               attendant
               upon
               sick
               persons
               ,
               who
               is
               not
               able
               out
               of
               all
               the
               experience
               he
               hath
               ,
               to
               gather
               rules
               for
               the
               cure
               of
               others
               .
               Wherefore
               they
               must
               be
               both
               joyned
               together
               :
               and
               therefore
               I
               refer
               Physitians
               works
               unto
               Physitians
               themselves
               .
            
             
               FINIS
               .
            
          
        
      
       
         
           
             
             
             
               AN
               APPENDIX
               CONCERNING
               BATHE
               :
               Wherein
               The
               ANTIQUITY
               Both
               of
               The
               Bathes
               and
               City
               Is
               more
               fully
               discours'd
               ;
               with
               a
               brief
               account
               of
               the
               Nature
               and
               Vertues
               of
               the
               HOT
               WATERS
               there
               .
            
             
               By
               
                 THO.
                 GUIDOTT
              
               ,
               M.
               B.
               Practising
               at
               BATH
               .
            
             
               
                 
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                
              
               
                 Pythag.
                 apud
                 Stob.
                 Serm.
                 34.
                 
              
            
             
               
                 Nunc
                 Te
                 marmoreum
                 protempore
                 fecimus
                 :
                 at
                 Tu
                 ,
              
               
                 Si
                 fatura
                 gregem
                 suppleverit
                 ,
                 aureus
                 esto
                 :
              
               
                 Virg.
                 Ecl.
                 
              
            
             
               London
               ;
               Printed
               for
               
                 Thomas
                 Salmon
              
               Book-seller
               ,
               living
               in
               Bath
               .
               1669.
               
            
          
           
             
             
             
               TO
               MY
               HONOURED
               AND
               Learned
               Friend
               ,
               
                 JOHN
                 MAPLETT
              
               ,
               Doctor
               in
               PHYSICK
               .
            
             
               
                 SIR
                 ,
              
            
             
               HAving
               bad
               the
               happiness
               in
               a
               strange
               place
               to
               light
               on
               so
               good
               an
               acquainance
               as
               your self
               (
               whose
               Sober
               ,
               Candid
               ,
               and
               ●npassionate
               temper
               receives
               an
               Additional
               ●
               its
               native
               lustre
               from
               the
               perfunctory
               ,
               disbliging
               ,
               and
               illiterate
               Genius
               of
               others
               :
               )
               I
               ●ould
               not
               but
               take
               the
               first
               opportunity
               to
               te●ifie
               my
               Respects
               ;
               and
               the
               rather
               ,
               because
               
               having
               fallen
               on
               a
               Subject
               in
               which
               you
               may
               claim
               some
               right
               ;
               I
               thought
               it
               not
               safe
               to
               enter
               your
               ground
               without
               your
               leave
               .
            
             
               Besides
               ,
               we
               are
               told
               by
               Solinus
               (
               whose
               Assertion
               admits
               a
               further
               probability
               from
               the
               Epithetes
               of
               
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
              
               &c.
               given
               her
               by
               
                 Pausanias
                 ,
                 Plutarch
                 ,
                 Aristides
              
               ,
               mentioned
               also
               in
               
                 Hesychius
                 ,
                 Suidas
                 ,
                 Harpocration
              
               ,
               and
               others
               ,
               of
               which
               I
               have
               *
               elsewhere
               more
               largely
               treated
               in
               another
               Language
               ,
               that
               Minerva
               was
               formerly
               the
               Patroness
               of
               these
               Baths
               ;
               and
               what
               fitter
               person
               could
               I
               find
               out
               to
               address
               this
               brief
               Discourse
               of
               Baths
               unto
               ,
               than
               him
               .
            
             
               
                 —
                 Tritonia
                 Pallas
                 ,
              
               
                 Quem
                 docuit
                 ,
                 multaque
                 insignem
                 reddidit
                 arte
                 .
              
            
             
               I
               have
               joyntly
               discours'd
               of
               the
               Baths
               and
               City
               ,
               which
               seem
               to
               me
               to
               resemble
               the
               two
               parts
               of
               a
               Compositum
               ,
               Body
               and
               Soul
               :
               And
               as
               there
               is
               a
               more
               than
               ordinary
               respect
               due
               to
               the
               body
               ,
               on
               the
               account
               of
               its
               being
               the
               Case
               and
               Cabinet
               of
               that
               pearl
               of
               great
               price
               ,
               out
               more
               noble
               and
               diviner
               part
               ,
               the
               Soul
               ;
               So
               I
               thought
               it
               my
               Concern
               to
               make
               some
               reflections
               on
               the
               City
               also
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               the
               waters
               ,
               
               by
               which
               I
               think
               it
               doth
               in
               some
               measure
               appear
               ,
               that
               it
               cannot
               justly
               be
               said
               of
               the
               Baths
               ,
               what
               was
               once
               of
               the
               wit
               of
               Galba
               the
               Roman
               Emperour
               lodg'd
               in
               a
               deformd
               body
               ,
               that
               they
               have
               a
               bad
               habitation
               .
            
             
               If
               I
               have
               not
               here
               drawn
               the
               Baths
               to
               the
               life
               ,
               it
               may
               be
               considered
               that
               it
               was
               intended
               only
               for
               a
               rough
               draught
               ,
               and
               (
               what
               is
               more
               )
               that
               I
               had
               not
               your
               Pensil
               .
               The
               thing
               it self
               ,
               as
               to
               the
               Composure
               of
               it
               ,
               is
               the
               hasty
               product
               of
               less
               than
               14
               daies
               ,
               and
               those
               too
               in
               the
               middest
               of
               ,
               and
               stollen
               from
               my
               other
               Employments
               ;
               what
               therefore
               is
               wanting
               now
               ,
               I
               hope
               hereafter
               to
               supply
               .
            
             
               In
               the
               mean
               time
               ,
               Sir
               ,
               I
               humbly
               offer
               to
               your
               kind
               acceptance
               this
               small
               acknowledgement
               of
               my
               real
               respects
               ,
               as
               to
               one
               whose
               higher
               se●so●
               with
               Academical
               Studies
               ,
               together
               with
               the
               helps
               and
               advantages
               of
               Travel
               ,
               hath
               made
               a
               Pillar
               of
               your
               faculty
               ,
               which
               your
               courteous
               dispos●ion
               and
               civil
               Deportment
               ,
               hath
               so
               nearly
               polish'd
               that
               you
               seem
               to
               have
               attain'd
               ,
               if
               we
               believe
               the
               Poet
               ,
               the
               utmost
               perfection
               ,
               having
               in
               you
               that
               which
               doth
               at
               once
               ,
               both
               delight
               and
               profit
               .
               
            
             
               As
               for
               those
               that
               are
               meer
               husks
               and
               outsides
               of
               Physitians
               ,
               that
               desire
               to
               be
               thought
               to
               be
               what
               they
               are
               not
               ,
               and
               are
               nothing
               less
               than
               what
               they
               seem
               to
               be
               ;
               whose
               empty
               heads
               
               serve
               for
               no
               other
               use
               than
               Rattles
               ,
               only
               to
               make
               a
               pretty
               noise
               to
               please
               children
               ,
               whose
               mouths
               also
               are
               open
               Sepulchres
               ,
               and
               they
               themselves
               little
               better
               than
               painted
               ones
               .
            
             
               Non
               tali
               auxilio
               ,
               nec
               defensoribus
               istis
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               We
               may
               well
               spare
               ,
               or
               rather
               not
               spare
               them
               ,
               as
               being
               not
               the
               true
               Sons
               ,
               but
               the
               By-blows
               of
               AEsculapius
               .
            
             
               Sir
               ,
               I
               beg
               your
               pardon
               for
               giving
               you
               this
               trouble
               ,
               and
               assure
               you
               ,
               That
            
             
               
                 I
                 Am
                 Your
                 very
                 Affectionate
                 Friend
                 ,
                 and
                 Humble
                 Servant
                 ,
                 THOMAS
                 GUIDOTT
                 .
              
               
                 Bath
                 ,
                 
                   Oct.
                   24.
                   1668
                
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               THE
               Contents
               .
            
             
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   I.
                   Of
                   the
                   Antiquity
                   of
                   the
                   Bathes
                   of
                   Bath●
                
                 GEnealogie
                 of
                 Bladud
                 ,
                 and
                 Time
                 when
                 he
                 liv'd
                 ,
                 Contemporary
                 to
                 the
                 Prophet
                 Elias
                 .
                 These
                 Baths
                 not
                 discovered
                 by
                 
                   Julius
                   Caesar
                
                 .
                 Names
                 of
                 
                   Bath
                   ,
                   Bathancester
                   ,
                   Hat
                   Bathan
                   ,
                   Akmanchester
                   ,
                
                 
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                
                 
                   Aquae
                   Solis
                   ,
                   Badiza
                
                 examind
                 .
                 Brittish
                 names
                 ,
                 
                   Yr
                   Ennaint
                   ,
                   Caer
                   Badon
                   ,
                   Caer
                   Palladdur
                   ,
                   Minerva
                
                 Patroness
                 of
                 
                   Bath
                   ,
                   Nechams
                
                 Verses
                 .
              
               
                 
                 
                   CHAP.
                   II.
                   Of
                   the
                   Antiquity
                   of
                   the
                   City
                   of
                   Bath
                   ,
                   and
                   things
                   relating
                   thereunto
                   .
                
                 BAth
                 called
                 first
                 
                   Caer
                   Blaeidin
                
                 ,
                 afterwards
                 
                   Caer
                   Bath
                
                 ,
                 and
                 Badon
                 :
                 when
                 inhabited
                 .
                 Coill
                 and
                 Edgar
                 ,
                 (
                 whose
                 Statues
                 stand
                 at
                 the
                 end
                 of
                 the
                 Council
                 house
                 ;
                 )
                 who
                 ,
                 and
                 when
                 they
                 flourish'd
                 .
                 Bath
                 besieged
                 by
                 the
                 Saxons
                 ;
                 Relieved
                 by
                 King
                 
                   Arthur
                   .
                   Offa's
                
                 Church
                 ,
                 Hospitals
                 ,
                 Free-School
                 .
                 The
                 Author
                 of
                 the
                 History
                 of
                 the
                 Worthies
                 of
                 England
                 censured
                 ,
                 and
                 some
                 of
                 his
                 mistakes
                 discovered
                 .
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   III.
                   Of
                   the
                   Church
                   of
                   Saint
                   Peter
                   and
                   Paul.
                   
                
                 AN
                 account
                 of
                 the
                 Church
                 of
                 Saint
                 Peter
                 and
                 Paul
                 in
                 Bath
                 ,
                 from
                 its
                 first
                 foundation
                 to
                 the
                 time
                 it
                 was
                 finish'd
                 :
                 a
                 Latin
                 Poem
                 on
                 the
                 same
                 Subject
                 ,
                 written
                 to
                 Bishop
                 Mountague
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 answer
                 of
                 the
                 Bishop
                 .
              
               
                 
                 
                   CHAP.
                   IV.
                   Of
                   the
                   Roman
                   Antiquity
                   of
                   Bath
                   .
                
                 ROman
                 Antiquities
                 of
                 Bath
                 divided
                 into
                 three
                 sorts
                 :
                 an
                 Enumeration
                 and
                 Explication
                 of
                 them
                 .
                 Many
                 read
                 ,
                 and
                 understood
                 otherwise
                 than
                 by
                 Mr.
                 Cambden
                 .
                 Some
                 Additions
                 .
                 Roman
                 Coins
                 .
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   V.
                   Of
                   the
                   Nature
                   and
                   Virtues
                   of
                   the
                   Baths
                   .
                
                 BAthes
                 of
                 Bath
                 much
                 of
                 the
                 nature
                 of
                 the
                 
                   Thermae
                   Aquenses
                
                 in
                 Germany
                 :
                 Certain
                 parallels
                 between
                 Bath
                 and
                 
                   Akin
                   .
                   Bladud
                
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Baths
                 Vindicated
                 .
              
               
                 
                   CHAP.
                   VI.
                   Of
                   the
                   Baths
                   in
                   particular
                   Here.
                   
                
                 OF
                 the
                 three
                 Hotter
                 Baths
                 ;
                 namely
                 ,
                 the
                 Kings
                 ,
                 Queens
                 ,
                 and
                 Hot
                 Bath
                 ;
                 but
                 chiefly
                 of
                 the
                 Kings
                 ,
                 and
                 in
                 what
                 distempers
                 bathing
                 therein
                 is
                 profitable
                 .
              
               
                 CHAP.
                 VII
                 .
                 OF
                 the
                 Cross-Bath
                 ,
                 and
                 its
                 Virtues
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
             
             
             
             A
             BRIEF
             DISCOURSE
             OF
             BATH
             .
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               I.
               
            
             
               
                 Of
                 the
                 Antiquity
                 of
                 the
                 Baths
                 of
                 Bath
                 .
              
            
             
               Genealogie
               of
               Bladud
               ,
               and
               Time
               when
               he
               lived
               .
               Contemporary
               to
               the
               Próphet
               Elias
               .
               These
               Baths
               not
               discovered
               by
               
                 Julius
                 Caesar
              
               .
               Names
               of
               Bath
               ;
               
                 Bathancester
                 ,
                 Hat
                 Bathan
                 ,
                 Akmanchester
                 ,
              
               
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
              
               .
               
                 Aquae
                 Solis
                 ;
                 Badiza
              
               Examin'd
               .
               Brittish
               names
               ,
               
                 Yr
                 Ennaint
                 ;
                 Caer
                 Badon
                 ,
                 Caet
                 Palladdur
                 .
                 Minerva
                 ,
              
               Patroness
               of
               the
               Baths
               .
               Minerva's
               Temple
               in
               Bath
               .
               Nechams
               Verses
               .
            
             
               I
               Shall
               not
               here
               Treat
               of
               the
               Antiquity
               and
               Nature
               of
               Baths
               in
               general
               ,
               nor
               put
               you
               in
               mind
               of
               the
               Pool
               of
               Bethesda
               ,
               or
               River
               of
               
               Jordan
               ,
               but
               intending
               a
               brief
               Discourse
               concerning
               Bath
               ,
               both
               as
               to
               the
               City
               ,
               and
               Hot
               waters
               there
               ,
               Shall
               ,
               without
               any
               further
               preface
               ,
               begin
               with
               the
               Waters
               ,
               afterwards
               proceed
               to
               the
               Antiquities
               of
               the
               City
               ;
               and
               last
               of
               all
               ,
               give
               a
               taste
               of
               the
               Nature
               and
               Virtues
               of
               the
               Baths
               .
            
             
               That
               the
               Baths
               ,
               or
               Hot
               waters
               of
               Bath
               in
               Somerset-shire
               ,
               are
               of
               great
               Antiquity
               ,
               cannot
               be
               doubted
               by
               any
               one
               who
               hath
               in
               the
               least
               cast
               an
               eye
               on
               antient
               Records
               .
               Many
               are
               the
               Opinions
               and
               Conjectures
               about
               the
               time
               of
               their
               discovery
               ,
               which
               I
               shall
               as
               briefly
               as
               I
               may
               examine
               .
               And
               because
               there
               is
               very
               frequent
               mention
               made
               of
               King
               Bladud
               ,
               and
               the
               Prophet
               Elias
               ,
               the
               one
               as
               the
               Founder
               ,
               the
               other
               as
               being
               discovered
               in
               his
               time
               :
               I
               think
               it
               may
               be
               for
               the
               satisfaction
               of
               some
               ,
               if
               I
               give
               a
               particular
               account
               who
               this
               Bladud
               was
               ,
               and
               upon
               what
               score
               the
               Prophet
               came
               to
               be
               concern'd
               in
               this
               business
               .
               The
               substance
               of
               which
               I
               take
               out
               of
               a
               Latine
               Manuscript
               intituled
               
                 Brutus
                 Abbreviatus
              
               ,
               being
               an
               Epitome
               of
               a
               larger
               History
               ,
               not
               concerning
               my self
               much
               in
               the
               truth
               of
               the
               Relation
               ,
               but
               leaving
               it
               to
               the
               judgements
               of
               those
               that
               shall
               peruse
               it
               ,
               to
               determine
               of
               it
               as
               they
               shall
               think
               fit
               .
               
            
             
               My
               rise
               I
               must
               take
               from
               Brutus
               ,
               who
               after
               the
               destruction
               of
               Troy
               ,
               is
               said
               to
               have
               come
               into
               this
               Island
               ,
               then
               called
               Albion
               ,
               about
               the
               year
               before
               our
               Saviours
               Nativity
               1100.
               where
               finding
               none
               but
               Gigantick
               Inhabitants
               possessing
               the
               Hills
               ,
               and
               seeing
               a
               fruitful
               soil
               ,
               and
               full
               of
               delights
               ,
               was
               pleased
               one
               day
               to
               call
               his
               Company
               together
               to
               offer
               a
               solemn
               Sacrifice
               to
               Diana
               ,
               by
               
               whose
               guidance
               and
               direction
               he
               had
               lighted
               on
               so
               pleasant
               an
               Island
               .
               But
               as
               they
               were
               all
               at
               Meat
               ,
               thirty
               mighty
               Giants
               came
               down
               upon
               them
               ,
               and
               in
               a
               short
               time
               slew
               as
               many
               of
               Brutus
               his
               men
               ,
               yet
               were
               all
               afterwards
               quell'd
               by
               Brutus
               and
               the
               surviving
               Company
               ,
               except
               one
               that
               was
               greater
               than
               the
               rest
               ,
               whose
               name
               was
               Gogmagog
               .
            
             
               Now
               Brutus
               had
               a
               Companion
               related
               to
               him
               called
               Corineus
               ,
               who
               being
               not
               only
               like
               Saul
               from
               the
               shoulders
               upwards
               ,
               but
               from
               the
               waste
               higher
               than
               his
               Brethren
               ,
               was
               designed
               to
               undertake
               Gogmagog
               ,
               in
               which
               Combat
               Gogmagog
               brake
               two
               of
               Corineus
               his
               ribs
               ,
               who
               notwithstanding
               grasping
               the
               Giant
               in
               his
               arms
               ,
               wasted
               him
               along
               the
               Sea-side
               ,
               and
               threw
               him
               down
               a
               precipice
               ,
               where
               he
               was
               dashed
               in
               pieces
               ,
               whence
               that
               place
               now
               bears
               the
               name
               of
               Gogmagog's
               leap
               .
               
               
            
             
               On
               this
               
                 Corineus
                 ,
                 Brutus
              
               bestowed
               the
               adjacent
               Countrey
               ,
               which
               he
               after
               his
               own
               name
               ,
               called
               Cornwall
               .
               For
               the
               first
               arrival
               of
               Brute
               Was
               at
               Totness
               in
               Devonshire
               ,
               so
               named
               
                 quasi
                 Tout
                 en
                 ease
              
               ,
               i.
               e.
               
                 Totus
                 in
                 quiete
              
               ,
               from
               the
               great
               delight
               and
               recreations
               that
               place
               afforded
               .
               Afterwards
               ,
               finding
               a
               more
               fruitful
               and
               noble
               place
               on
               the
               Thames
               ,
               built
               there
               a
               City
               390
               years
               before
               that
               of
               Rome
               ,
               which
               he
               called
               the
               City
               of
               
                 New
                 Troy
              
               ,
               in
               memory
               of
               that
               Troy
               whence
               he
               and
               his
               progeny
               came
               :
               and
               having
               reigned
               here
               20
               years
               ,
               he
               dyed
               ,
               and
               was
               honourably
               buried
               at
               
                 New
                 Troy
              
               ,
               or
               
                 Troia
                 Nova
              
               ,
               now
               London
               .
            
             
               Brutus
               had
               three
               Sons
               ,
               Loegrius
               or
               
                 Lo●rinus
                 ,
                 Albanactus
              
               ,
               and
               Camber
               ,
               between
               whom
               he
               
               parted
               this
               Island
               ,
               viz.
               the
               Northern
               part
               ,
               to
               wit
               ,
               Scotland
               ,
               he
               gave
               to
               Albanactus
               ;
               the
               Southern
               part
               Wales
               ,
               to
               Camber
               ;
               and
               England
               to
               Loegrius
               .
               
            
             
               After
               some
               time
               ,
               Humbardus
               King
               of
               Humlandia
               ,
               came
               into
               Scotland
               with
               a
               great
               Army
               ,
               and
               slew
               Albanactus
               ;
               which
               his
               two
               Brethren
               ,
               Locrinus
               and
               Camber
               hearing
               of
               ,
               came
               with
               a
               considerable
               force
               to
               find
               him
               out
               ,
               and
               coming
               upon
               him
               whilst
               he
               was
               making
               merry
               ,
               put
               him
               so
               to
               it
               ,
               that
               having
               no
               way
               to
               escape
               ,
               he
               drowned
               himself
               in
               the
               River
               Humler
               ,
               to
               which
               he
               gave
               name
               .
               
            
             
               Humbardus
               had
               a
               daughter
               called
               Estrilda
               ,
               whom
               Locrinus
               having
               taken
               captive
               in
               a
               ship
               ,
               had
               a
               mind
               to
               make
               his
               wife
               ,
               although
               he
               was
               before
               married
               to
               Gwenthlea
               daughter
               to
               Corineus
               ,
               which
               accordingly
               he
               did
               ,
               and
               left
               
                 Gwenthlea
                 .
                 
                 Gwenthlea
              
               being
               thus
               repudiated
               ,
               returned
               into
               Cornwall
               ,
               and
               as
               Heiress
               to
               her
               Fathers
               right
               ,
               took
               possession
               of
               all
               the
               places
               there
               ,
               and
               received
               homage
               from
               the
               Inhabitants
               ;
               and
               raising
               an
               Army
               in
               her
               own
               defence
               ,
               made
               war
               upon
               her
               Husband
               Locrinus
               ,
               cut
               off
               him
               with
               his
               Army
               ,
               and
               took
               Prisoners
               Estrilda
               and
               her
               daughter
               Avana
               ;
               and
               drowning
               them
               in
               the
               River
               Severn
               ,
               caused
               her self
               to
               be
               crowned
               Queen
               .
               
               
               She
               had
               one
               Son
               by
               Locrinus
               ,
               named
               Mahan
               ,
               whom
               when
               he
               was
               of
               age
               ,
               she
               made
               King
               ,
               her self
               retiring
               into
               Cornwall
               ,
               died
               there
               ,
               and
               was
               interred
               with
               great
               pomp
               and
               magnificence
               .
            
             
               Mahan
               ,
               the
               Son
               of
               Locrinus
               and
               Gwenthlea
               ,
               had
               two
               Sons
               ,
               Memprice
               and
               Manlinus
               ,
               who
               fell
               out
               about
               the
               Crown
               .
               
               Manlinus
               treacherously
               
               slaying
               his
               elder
               Brother
               Memprice
               ,
               aspired
               to
               the
               Throne
               ,
               a
               wicked
               and
               lewd
               man
               ,
               who
               sharing
               with
               Cain
               in
               the
               sin
               of
               murdering
               his
               Brother
               ,
               partook
               also
               with
               him
               in
               his
               punishment
               ,
               in
               being
               a
               Vagabond
               ,
               dying
               wandring
               too
               and
               fro
               in
               the
               Woods
               and
               Deserts
               .
               
            
             
               Ebranc
               the
               Son
               of
               Manlinus
               succeeded
               his
               Father
               ,
               and
               with
               great
               rejoycings
               was
               Crowned
               King
               ,
               a
               prudent
               and
               valiant
               man
               ,
               who
               conquered
               France
               ,
               and
               with
               treasure
               brought
               thence
               ,
               built
               the
               City
               ,
               Eboracus
               or
               York
               ,
               bearing
               his
               own
               name
               :
               He
               built
               also
               the
               Castle
               called
               Maiden-Castle
               ,
               now
               Edenburgh
               .
               By
               several
               Wives
               he
               had
               23
               Sons
               ,
               all
               slout
               and
               war-like
               Lords
               ,
               and
               his
               Daughters
               stately
               Ladies
               .
               He
               reigned
               60
               years
               .
            
             
               After
               the
               death
               of
               Ebranc
               ,
               the
               Government
               of
               the
               Kingdom
               was
               devolved
               on
               his
               Son
               Bentgrevestheld
               ,
               a
               wife
               man
               and
               good
               Souldier
               ,
               who
               built
               the
               Town
               Carlyle
               ,
               where
               after
               he
               had
               reigned
               20
               years
               ,
               he
               was
               buried
               .
               In
               his
               time
               Solomon
               governed
               in
               Jerusalem
               ,
               to
               whom
               came
               the
               Queen
               of
               
                 Sheba
                 ,
                 Sibilla
              
               by
               name
               ,
               to
               understand
               his
               wisdome
               ,
               and
               those
               things
               that
               were
               spoken
               of
               him
               .
            
             
               Ludhudebras
               after
               the
               decease
               of
               his
               Father
               Bentgrevestheld
               ,
               built
               the
               City
               of
               Canterbury
               and
               Winchester
               ,
               and
               was
               buried
               at
               winton
               .
               
            
             
               Bladut
               the
               Son
               of
               Ludhudebras
               was
               next
               in
               Succession
               ,
               a
               great
               Necromancer
               ,
               who
               as
               't
               is
               said
               in
               his
               Acts
               ,
               made
               the
               Hot
               Waters
               in
               Bath
               by
               the
               Art
               of
               Magick
               .
               
               But
               this
               is
               rather
               to
               be
               ascrib'd
               to
               Nature
               ,
               since
               there
               are
               Baths
               in
               other
               places
               hotter
               than
               these
               :
               But
               I
               have
               read
               ,
               that
               
               when
               the
               Prophet
               Elias
               desired
               it
               mignt
               rain
               ,
               then
               three
               Springs
               of
               Hot
               Water
               arose
               in
               that
               City
               ,
               useful
               for
               the
               Cure
               of
               Diseases
               of
               men
               .
               He
               had
               a
               son
               named
               Leir
               ,
               who
               built
               Leycester
               .
               Thus
               far
               the
               Author
               of
               the
               Manuscript
               ,
               whose
               rougher
               Latine
               Phrase
               ,
               I
               have
               smoothed
               what
               I
               could
               ,
               by
               a
               Paraphrastical
               Version
               .
            
             
               From
               what
               hath
               been
               delivered
               may
               be
               collected
               that
               Bladut
               (
               or
               Bladud
               as
               he
               is
               commonly
               called
               )
               was
               the
               eighth
               King
               of
               the
               Britains
               from
               Brute
               ,
               and
               that
               his
               line
               was
               thus
               .
               
                 Brute
                 ,
                 Locrinus
                 ,
                 Mahan
                 ,
                 Manlinus
                 ,
                 Ebranc
                 ,
                 Bentgrevesheld
                 ,
                 Ludhudebras
                 ,
                 Bladut
                 .
              
               Now
               Brute
               being
               said
               to
               have
               come
               hither
               1100
               years
               before
               Christ
               ,
               allowing
               to
               the
               seven
               preceding
               Kings
               (
               of
               which
               some
               Reigned
               more
               ,
               some
               less
               )
               thirty
               years
               a
               piece
               for
               their
               Reign
               ,
               one
               with
               another
               ,
               it
               follows
               that
               Bladud
               lived
               near
               900
               years
               before
               Christ
               was
               born
               .
               He
               is
               sometimes
               called
               
                 Blaeydin
                 Cloyth
              
               ,
               that
               is
               Blaeydin
               the
               Magician
               .
            
             
               As
               to
               the
               Prophet
               Elias
               ,
               the
               time
               when
               he
               desired
               rain
               ,
               falls
               out
               to
               be
               according
               to
               computation
               ,
               in
               the
               year
               of
               the
               world
               3040.
               nine
               hundred
               ,
               and
               some
               odd
               years
               before
               Christ
               ;
               so
               that
               this
               Prophet
               and
               King
               Bladud
               were
               Contemporaries
               ,
               and
               the
               antiquity
               reaches
               no
               higher
               on
               the
               account
               of
               the
               later
               opinion
               then
               the
               first
               .
            
             
               And
               this
               is
               the
               highest
               pitch
               of
               Antiquity
               I
               find
               assigned
               to
               the
               Bathes
               ;
               as
               for
               the
               Periods
               asserted
               by
               others
               ,
               they
               come
               much
               short
               of
               both
               the
               former
               ;
               some
               ascribing
               their
               inventions
               to
               
                 Julius
                 Caesar
              
               ,
               fifty
               years
               ,
               or
               thereabouts
               ,
               before
               Christ
               ,
               which
               the
               learned
               Antiquarian
               ,
               †
               Mr.
               〈◊〉
               ,
               thinks
               not
               so
               probable
               ,
               because
               Solinus
               ,
               
               who
               lived
               in
               the
               time
               of
               
                 Titus
                 Vespasian
              
               ,
               130
               years
               after
               ,
               or
               83
               years
               after
               Christ
               ,
               was
               the
               first
               of
               the
               Romans
               that
               made
               mention
               of
               them
               .
            
             
               To
               which
               may
               be
               added
               ,
               that
               perhaps
               
                 Julius
                 Caesar
              
               came
               not
               so
               far
               up
               in
               the
               Land.
               For
               whatever
               some
               flattering
               Poets
               and
               Historians
               may
               faconiously
               deliver
               ;
               certain
               it
               is
               that
               
                 Julius
                 Caesar
              
               made
               not
               so
               great
               a
               Conquest
               here
               ,
               as
               some
               do
               imagine
               .
               Whence
               Tacitus
               writes
               ,
               that
               he
               discovered
               only
               ,
               not
               delivered
               unto
               the
               
                 Romans
                 ,
                 Britain
              
               .
               His
               words
               in
               the
               Life
               of
               
                 Julius
                 Agricola
              
               ,
               are
               these
               :
               
                 Primus
                 omnium
                 D.
                 Julius
                 cum
                 exercitu
                 Britanniam
                 ingressus
                 ,
                 quanquam
                 prospera
                 pugna
                 terruerit
                 incolas
                 ,
                 ac
                 littore
                 potitus
                 sit
                 ,
                 potest
                 videri
                 ostendisse
                 posteris
                 ,
                 non
                 tradidisse
                 ,
                 Horace
              
               also
               calls
               the
               Britan
               before
               
                 Augustus
                 ,
                 untouch't
              
               .
               
               
               And
               Mr.
               Cambden
               faith
               ,
               that
               it
               is
               so
               far
               off
               from
               being
               true
               ,
               which
               Patereulus
               reports
               ,
               
                 bis
                 penetrata
                 Britannia
                 à
                 Caesare
                 ,
                 that
                 Caesar
              
               passed
               twice
               through
               Britain
               ,
               that
               he
               scarce
               made
               entry
               into
               it
               .
               For
               many
               years
               after
               this
               entrance
               of
               Caesar
               ,
               this
               Island
               was
               left
               to
               the
               free
               Government
               of
               their
               own
               Kings
               ,
               and
               used
               their
               own
               Laws
               .
            
             
               The
               Saxon
               Names
               of
               
                 Bathancester
                 ,
                 Hat
                 Bathan
              
               ,
               and
               Akmanchester
               ,
               are
               of
               later
               date
               ,
               the
               Saxons
               not
               arriving
               here
               till
               the
               time
               of
               Theodosius
               the
               younger
               ,
               about
               the
               year
               of
               Christ
               ,
               according
               to
               the
               most
               probable
               Computation
               of
               Venerable
               Bede
               ,
               428.
               
               Nay
               ,
               the
               later
               name
               of
               Akmanchester
               was
               not
               given
               till
               some
               few
               years
               after
               the
               year
               of
               Christ
               577
               ,
               when
               from
               a
               mean
               Condition
               ,
               to
               which
               this
               City
               was
               then
               reduc'd
               by
               War
               ,
               it
               again
               recovered
               strength
               and
               great
               
               dignity
               ,
               and
               from
               the
               great
               concourse
               of
               diseased
               people
               ,
               that
               came
               for
               Cure
               ,
               was
               called
               Akmanchester
               ,
               that
               is
               ,
               The
               City
               of
               Sickly
               Folks
               .
               
            
             
               Neither
               can
               their
               Antiquity
               be
               much
               advanced
               by
               the
               
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
              
               ,
               or
               Hot
               waters
               ,
               in
               
                 Ptolomy
                 ;
                 Aquae
                 Solis
              
               ,
               or
               Waters
               of
               the
               Sun
               of
               Antonine
               ;
               or
               Badiza
               of
               Stephanus
               ,
               (
               more
               recent
               then
               the
               former
               )
               but
               that
               which
               seems
               to
               come
               the
               nearest
               to
               the
               forementioned
               Opinion
               of
               Bladud
               and
               Elias
               ,
               is
               the
               British
               names
               of
               
                 Y●
                 Ennaint
                 ,
                 Caer
                 Badon
              
               ,
               and
               above
               all
               
                 Caer
                 Paladdur
              
               ,
               that
               is
               the
               City
               of
               Pallas
               ,
               or
               Minerva's
               Water
               ;
               especially
               since
               Solinus
               affirms
               Minerva
               to
               have
               been
               the
               Patroness
               of
               these
               Bathes
               ,
               of
               which
               no
               doubt
               ,
               he
               writes
               in
               these
               words
               ,
               In
               Britain
               
                 there
                 are
                 Hot
                 Springs
                 very
                 curiously
                 adorned
                 ,
                 and
                 kept
                 for
                 mens
                 use
                 ,
                 the
              
               †
               
                 Patroness
                 of
                 which
                 is
                 the
                 Goddess
                 Minerva
                 :
                 There
                 being
                 also
                 a
                 tradition
                 that
                 there
                 was
                 formerly
                 a
                 Temple
                 dedicated
                 to
              
               Minerva
               ,
               
                 where
                 now
                 the
                 Church
                 of
                 St.
              
               Peter
               and
               Paul
               ,
               
                 commonly
                 called
                 the
                 Abbey
                 Church
                 ,
                 stands
                 .
              
            
             
               I
               have
               read
               also
               in
               an
               Author
               that
               wrote
               of
               these
               Bathes
               almost
               100
               years
               ago
               ;
               and
               the
               first
               that
               wrote
               any
               thing
               considerable
               concerning
               them
               (
               Dr.
               Turner
               ,
               in
               his
               Discourse
               of
               the
               
                 English
                 ,
                 German
              
               ,
               and
               Italian
               Bathes
               ,
               making
               little
               better
               then
               a
               bare
               mention
               of
               them
               )
               That
               the
               chief
               Spring
               of
               Bathe
               was
               in
               the
               Church-yard
               then
               dedicated
               to
               Minerva
               ,
               and
               after
               constituted
               to
               the
               Abbey
               of
               the
               Monks
               of
               the
               Order
               of
               St.
               Benedict
               .
               
               
               Erected
               first
               by
               
                 Blaeidin
                 Cloyeth
              
               ,
               or
               
                 Bladudus
                 Magus
              
               that
               wife
               Magician
               ,
               a
               Britain
               ,
               the
               ninth
               King
               after
               Brute
               ,
               about
               the
               year
               
               of
               the
               world
               ,
               according
               to
               the
               Scripture
               account
               3080
               before
               the
               Incarnation
               of
               Christ
               †
               890.
               
               Helisaeus
               Prophet
               then
               in
               Israel
               ,
            
             
               But
               although
               I
               have
               some
               reason
               to
               distrust
               this
               Genealogie
               of
               Bladud
               ,
               which
               he
               ,
               acccording
               to
               the
               Custome
               of
               his
               Countrey
               ,
               drives
               as
               high
               as
               may
               be
               ,
               even
               unto
               Adam
               ,
               making
               Bladud
               the
               thirtieth
               man
               ,
               in
               a
               direct
               line
               from
               him
               ;
               yet
               I
               cannot
               but
               in
               some
               measure
               ,
               commend
               his
               Chronologie
               ,
               as
               being
               not
               much
               different
               from
               the
               account
               given
               before
               .
               And
               whereas
               he
               affirms
               Bladud
               to
               have
               been
               the
               nineth
               King
               from
               Brute
               ;
               I
               find
               ,
               by
               comparing
               other
               Histories
               ,
               that
               Leill
               (
               if
               the
               same
               with
               him
               whom
               the
               Author
               of
               
                 Brutus
                 Abr●viatus
              
               calleth
               Leyr
               )
               was
               not
               Son
               to
               Bentgrevesheld
               ,
               but
               great
               Grand-child
               ,
               being
               Son
               to
               Bladud
               ,
               his
               ,
               that
               is
               Bentgrevesheld
               ,
               Grand-childs
               Son
               :
               and
               so
               Leill
               ,
               whom
               he
               maketh
               Father
               to
               Ludhudebras
               ,
               not
               to
               come
               in
               before
               ,
               but
               after
               Bladud
               ,
               as
               being
               his
               Son
               ,
               and
               he
               the
               ninth
               King
               from
               Brute
               ,
               and
               not
               his
               Father
               .
               Yet
               on
               the
               other
               hand
               ,
               I
               must
               say
               thus
               much
               ,
               that
               the
               name
               Carlyle
               ,
               a
               City
               said
               by
               the
               Author
               I
               fellow
               ,
               to
               be
               built
               by
               Bentgrevesheld
               ,
               dissonant
               from
               the
               custome
               of
               those
               times
               ,
               wherein
               the
               Founders
               usually
               called
               places
               after
               their
               own
               names
               ,
               and
               many
               of
               those
               especially
               to
               which
               they
               added
               Caer
               ,
               doth
               somewhat
               incline
               me
               think
               there
               might
               have
               been
               one
               Leill
               ,
               Son
               to
               Bentgrevesheld
               ,
               as
               some
               Historians
               mention
               ,
               and
               Founder
               of
               that
               place
               ascribed
               to
               his
               Father
               .
               
               However
               ,
               the
               matter
               is
               not
               great
               whether
               Bladud
               was
               the
               eighth
               King
               from
               Brute
               ,
               as
               my
               Author
               supposes
               ,
               or
               the
               ninth
               ,
               or
               tenth
               ,
               as
               others
               ;
               I
               
               inferring
               no
               more
               from
               the
               preceding
               History
               then
               this
               ,
               That
               Bladud
               lived
               near
               900
               years
               before
               Christ
               ;
               since
               of
               the
               exact
               time
               of
               his
               flourishing
               ,
               more
               then
               by
               Conjecture
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               Confusion
               and
               Disagreement
               among
               Historians
               touching
               the
               Number
               ,
               and
               Succession
               of
               the
               Kings
               ,
               and
               time
               of
               their
               Reign
               ,
               we
               have
               no
               certain
               account
               .
            
             
               But
               to
               be
               as
               particular
               as
               I
               may
               ,
               because
               some
               years
               passed
               between
               the
               Birth
               of
               those
               seven
               Kings
               mentioned
               before
               ,
               and
               the
               begining
               of
               their
               Reigns
               ,
               and
               also
               because
               Gwenthlea
               ,
               or
               Guendoloena
               ,
               and
               Leill
               ,
               are
               said
               by
               other
               Historians
               to
               have
               Reigned
               40
               years
               (
               viz.
               the
               former
               15
               ,
               the
               later
               25
               )
               which
               are
               not
               there
               accounted
               for
               ,
               the
               surer
               way
               will
               be
               to
               take
               our
               account
               from
               the
               Year
               of
               the
               World.
               Now
               Brute
               being
               reported
               to
               have
               entred
               
                 Albion
                 A.M.
              
               2855
               ,
               and
               Bladud
               to
               have
               begun
               his
               Reign
               A.M.
               3100
               ,
               the
               difference
               between
               these
               two
               numbers
               is
               245
               which
               being
               taken
               out
               of
               1108
               (
               the
               year
               before
               Christ
               ,
               in
               which
               Brute
               came
               hither
               ,
               answering
               to
               the
               Year
               of
               the
               World
               2855
               )
               the
               Remainder
               will
               be
               863
               (
               the
               Year
               before
               Christ
               ,
               answering
               to
               the
               Year
               of
               the
               World
               3100
               )
               so
               that
               according
               to
               this
               Computation
               ,
               Bladud
               began
               his
               Reign
               over
               the
               Britains
               ,
               just
               863
               years
               before
               Christ
               was
               born
               ,
               and
               Reigning
               20
               years
               ,
               died
               in
               the
               Year
               
                 Ante
                 Christum
              
               ,
               843
               I
               know
               Fabian
               the
               Author
               of
               Polychronicon
               ,
               and
               others
               ,
               differ
               somewhat
               in
               their
               Chronologie
               concerning
               Bladud
               from
               that
               I
               have
               given
               ,
               but
               I
               look
               on
               this
               to
               be
               as
               probable
               as
               any
               .
            
             
               
                 Alexander
                 Necham
              
               a
               Poet
               of
               our
               own
               ,
               somewhat
               
               above
               400
               years
               ago
               (
               with
               whom
               ,
               as
               to
               the
               Antiquity
               of
               the
               Bathes
               ,
               Dr.
               Jorden
               contents
               himself
               )
               wrote
               these
               Verses
               on
               the
               Bathes
               .
               
            
             
               
                 BAthoniae
                 Thermis
                 vix
                 praefero
                 Virgillanas
                 ,
              
               
                 Confecto
                 prosunt
                 Balnea
                 nostra
                 seni
                 ,
              
               
                 prosunt
                 Attritis
                 ,
                 Collisis
                 ,
                 Invalidisque
                 ,
              
               
                 Et
                 quorum
                 morbis
                 frigida
                 causa
                 subest
                 .
              
               
                 Praevenit
                 humanum
                 stabilis
                 natura
                 laborem
                 ,
              
               
                 Servit
                 naturae
                 legibus
                 artis
                 opus
                 .
              
               
                 Igne
                 suo
                 succensa
                 quibus
                 data
                 Balnea
                 fervent
              
               
                 AEnea
                 subter
                 aquas
                 vasa
                 latere
                 putant
                 .
              
               
                 Errorem
                 figmenta
                 solent
                 inducere
                 passim
                 .
              
               
                 Sed
                 quid
                 ?
                 Sulphureum
                 novimus
                 esse
                 locum
                 .
              
            
             
               Which
               I
               thus
               made
               English
               ;
            
             
               
                 BAthes
                 Bains
                 with
                 Virgils
                 I
                 compare
                 ,
              
               
                 Usefull
                 for
                 antient
                 folk
                 they
                 are
                 ;
              
               
                 Bruis'd
                 ,
                 weak
                 ,
                 consum'd
                 ,
                 as
                 well
                 as
                 old
                 .
              
               
                 And
                 in
                 al
                 griefs
                 whose
                 source
                 is
                 cold
                 .
              
               
                 Nature
                 mans
                 labour
                 doth
                 prevent
              
               
                 And
                 art
                 again
                 serves
                 her
                 intent
                 .
              
               
                 There
                 's
                 fire
                 under-ground
                 ,
                 some
                 say
                 ,
              
               
                 That
                 thus
                 makes
                 Bathes
                 great
                 pots
                 to
                 play
                 .
              
               
                 Fancy
                 doth
                 often
                 Error
                 breed
                 .
              
               
                 But
                 what
                 ?
                 from
                 Brimstone
                 these
                 proceed
                 .
              
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               II.
               
            
             
               
                 Of
                 the
                 Antiquity
                 of
                 the
                 City
                 of
                 Bath
                 ,
                 and
                 things
                 relating
                 thereunto
                 .
              
            
             
               Bathe
               called
               first
               
                 Caer
                 Blaeidin
              
               ,
               afterwards
               
                 Caer
                 Bathe
              
               .
               When
               inhabited
               .
               Coill
               and
               Edgar
               (
               whose
               Statues
               stand
               at
               the
               end
               of
               the
               Council-house
               )
               who
               ,
               and
               when
               they
               flourished
               .
               Bathe
               besieged
               by
               the
               Saxons
               ;
               relieved
               by
               King
               
                 Arthar
                 .
                 Offa's
              
               Church
               .
               Difference
               between
               the
               Mayor
               and
               Covent
               .
               Hospitals
               .
               Free-School
               .
               The
               Author
               of
               the
               History
               of
               the
               Worthies
               of
               England
               censured
               ,
               and
               some
               of
               his
               mistakes
               discovered
               .
            
             
               IT
               is
               not
               I
               think
               ,
               to
               be
               doubted
               ,
               but
               that
               the
               Bathes
               were
               before
               the
               City
               ,
               and
               gave
               Name
               to
               it
               :
               Sick
               people
               ,
               in
               all
               probability
               that
               came
               hither
               for
               relief
               ,
               first
               making
               small
               Cottages
               for
               their
               Conveniences
               ,
               which
               were
               afterwards
               improved
               into
               fairer
               Buildings
               .
               So
               that
               now
               in
               this
               particular
               ,
               there
               are
               few
               places
               in
               England
               that
               exceed
               it
               .
            
             
               That
               this
               place
               was
               built
               ,
               or
               rather
               begun
               ,
               by
               King
               Bladud
               ,
               is
               the
               opinion
               of
               some
               ,
               and
               that
               he
               called
               it
               by
               his
               own
               Name
               
                 Caer
                 Blaeidin
              
               ,
               which
               sometime
               after
               came
               to
               be
               
                 Caer
                 Bathe
              
               .
               
               That
               it
               was
               inhabited
               in
               the
               time
               of
               the
               Britains
               ,
               at
               least
               50
               years
               before
               Christ
               ,
               appears
               from
               the
               names
               they
               gave
               it
               of
               
                 Caer
                 Badon
              
               ,
               and
               
                 Caer
                 Palladdur
              
               (
               of
               which
               before
               )
               unless
               it
               be
               said
               that
               these
               Names
               might
               be
               given
               by
               some
               Britains
               ,
               in
               the
               
               Romans
               or
               Saxons
               time
               ,
               which
               seems
               not
               to
               carry
               any
               great
               probability
               .
               Nay
               ,
               I
               find
               it
               recorded
               ,
               that
               in
               the
               year
               
                 ante
                 Christum
              
               684.
               
               Sisillus
               ,
               or
               ,
               after
               some
               .
               Writers
               ,
               Sylvius
               Brother
               of
               Gurgustus
               ,
               was
               made
               Ruler
               over
               Britain
               ,
               and
               reigning
               49
               years
               ,
               was
               buried
               at
               
                 Caer
                 Badon
              
               ,
               or
               Bath
               .
               
               
               However
               ,
               many
               Roman
               Monuments
               there
               are
               ,
               Inscriptions
               and
               Images
               in
               the
               City
               walls
               ,
               and
               elsewhere
               ,
               (
               of
               which
               Chap.
               4.
               gives
               a
               particular
               Account
               )
               which
               evidently
               prove
               its
               being
               frequented
               before
               the
               412
               year
               of
               Christs
               Incarnation
               ,
               about
               which
               time
               (
               or
               as
               others
               account
               ,
               430
               )
               the
               Roman
               Jurisdiction
               ceased
               in
               this
               Island
               .
            
             
               The
               Statues
               also
               of
               Coill
               a
               British
               King
               ,
               and
               Edgar
               a
               Saxon
               (
               who
               are
               said
               to
               have
               given
               Charters
               to
               this
               City
               )
               placed
               at
               the
               end
               of
               the
               Town-Hall
               ,
               or
               Council-House
               ,
               are
               Arguments
               of
               its
               Antiquity
               .
            
             
               Coill
               (
               that
               I
               may
               speak
               somewhat
               briefly
               of
               him
               )
               was
               an
               Earl
               in
               the
               time
               of
               Asclepiades
               (
               whom
               the
               Britains
               after
               the
               death
               of
               Lucius
               ,
               being
               wearied
               out
               with
               a
               bloody
               intestine
               War
               ,
               which
               lasted
               more
               than
               50
               years
               ,
               were
               at
               last
               conftrained
               to
               elect
               their
               King
               ,
               )
               about
               the
               year
               of
               Our
               Lord
               250.
               
               
               
               
               Afterwards
               aspiring
               to
               be
               greater
               ,
               and
               building
               a
               Town
               which
               from
               himself
               he
               called
               
                 Colchester
                 ;
                 Asclepiades
              
               began
               to
               fear
               him
               ,
               and
               raising
               an
               Army
               ,
               met
               him
               in
               the
               field
               ,
               in
               which
               Battle
               ,
               Aselepiades
               was
               slain
               ,
               and
               shortly
               after
               Coill
               chosen
               King
               ,
               who
               governed
               the
               Britains
               with
               a
               great
               deal
               of
               honour
               ;
               and
               having
               married
               his
               Daughter
               Helena
               to
               Constantius
               ,
               sent
               from
               Rome
               into
               Britain
               to
               demand
               Tribute
               ,
               
               not
               long
               after
               dyed
               ,
               and
               was
               buried
               at
               Colchester
               :
               yet
               some
               there
               are
               who
               ascribe
               the
               building
               of
               this
               Town
               to
               Coilus
               ,
               Son
               of
               Marucis
               ,
               and
               Father
               of
               Lucius
               ,
               King
               of
               the
               Britains
               ,
               
                 A.
                 D.
              
               126.
               
               
            
             
               Edgar
               ,
               one
               of
               the
               later
               Kings
               of
               the
               Saxons
               ,
               bestowed
               on
               this
               City
               (
               as
               Mr.
               Cambden
               reports
               )
               very
               many
               Immunities
               ,
               the
               memory
               of
               which
               thing
               ,
               even
               in
               his
               time
               ,
               the
               Citizens
               yearly
               with
               solemn
               playes
               ,
               did
               celebrate
               .
               
               He
               was
               a
               stout
               man
               ,
               and
               is
               said
               to
               have
               had
               none
               like
               him
               on
               this
               side
               Arthur
               ,
               bearing
               this
               stile
               about
               the
               year
               970.
               
               
                 The
                 Monarch
                 of
                 all
                 Albion
              
               ;
               Or
               ,
               as
               it
               is
               elsewhere
               more
               largely
               express'd
               ,
               
                 King
                 of
                 English-men
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 all
                 the
                 Kings
                 of
                 the
                 Islands
                 of
                 the
                 British
                 Ocean
                 ,
                 and
                 all
                 the
                 Nations
                 contained
              
               in
               Britain
               ,
               
                 Emperour
                 and
                 Lord.
              
               
               A
               Souldier
               he
               was
               in
               the
               Camp
               of
               Cupid
               as
               well
               as
               Mars
               and
               is
               noted
               for
               this
               ,
               That
               having
               a
               mind
               to
               Estrilda
               the
               Wife
               of
               Athelwold
               ,
               he
               placed
               him
               (
               as
               David
               did
               Uriah
               )
               in
               the
               front
               of
               a
               Battel
               against
               the
               Danes
               ,
               in
               the
               defence
               of
               York
               ;
               where
               Athelwold
               being
               slain
               ,
               Edgar
               married
               his
               Widdow
               ,
               but
               was
               so
               severely
               check'd
               by
               Saint
               Dunstant
               ,
               that
               he
               ever
               after
               lived
               a
               religions
               life
               ;
               and
               having
               reigned
               17
               years
               ,
               bid
               adieu
               to
               the
               World
               ,
               and
               was
               buried
               at
               
                 Glastonbury
                 .
                 Edgar
              
               began
               his
               reign
               about
               the
               year
               of
               Christ
               959.
               but
               was
               not
               Crowned
               till
               12
               years
               after
               ,
               A.D.
               
               971.
               which
               was
               done
               ,
               according
               to
               some
               writers
               ,
               at
               Bath
               ,
               to
               others
               at
               Kingston
               by
               Dunstan
               Arch-Bishop
               of
               Canterbury
               (
               who
               ,
               some
               say
               ,
               was
               banished
               at
               that
               time
               )
               and
               Oswald
               Arch-Bishou
               of
               York
               :
               his
               Coronation
               was
               deferred
               ,
               because
               of
               his
               impetuous
               inclinations
               to
               the
               female
               Sex
               ,
               
               and
               especially
               to
               one
               wilfride
               ,
               who
               to
               avoid
               the
               Kings
               Caresses
               ,
               took
               on
               her
               the
               habit
               of
               a
               Nun
               ,
               but
               in
               vain
               ;
               for
               he
               had
               his
               pleasure
               ,
               and
               got
               on
               her
               a
               daughter
               named
               Edith
               ;
               for
               which
               offence
               he
               was
               enjoyned
               seven
               years
               penance
               ,
               and
               lived
               not
               long
               after
               his
               Coronation
               .
               
            
             
               About
               the
               year
               472
               ,
               or
               44
               years
               after
               their
               arrival
               here
               out
               of
               Germany
               ,
               the
               English
               Saxons
               besieged
               this
               City
               ,
               with
               whom
               King
               Arthur
               fought
               a
               great
               Battel
               on
               
                 Mons
                 Badonicus
              
               ,
               now
               called
               Bannesdowne
               ,
               and
               slew
               so
               many
               of
               them
               ,
               that
               they
               had
               little
               heart
               to
               make
               any
               further
               attempt
               for
               a
               considerable
               time
               ,
               but
               left
               it
               to
               the
               quiet
               possession
               of
               the
               Britains
               .
               
               
               Ninnius
               writeth
               ,
               that
               the
               12
               of
               King
               Arthur's
               Battels
               against
               the
               Saxons
               ,
               was
               at
               the
               Hill
               or
               Town
               of
               Bath
               ,
               where
               many
               a
               one
               was
               slain
               by
               his
               force
               and
               might
               .
               Bath
               was
               also
               in
               the
               time
               of
               King
               Arthur
               ,
               by
               whom
               it
               was
               relieved
               ,
               besieged
               by
               Cheldericus
               King
               of
               Almain
               .
               The
               story
               as
               mine
               Author
               relates
               it
               ,
               was
               thus
               ;
               
                 Eodem
                 rempore
                 venit
                 Cheldericus
              
               ,
               &c.
               
               
               At
               the
               same
               time
               (
               speaking
               of
               the
               reign
               of
               King
               Arthur
               )
               came
               Cheldericus
               a
               valiant
               King
               out
               of
               Almaine
               ,
               and
               landed
               in
               Scotland
               with
               500
               Ships
               :
               Arthur
               hearing
               of
               this
               at
               the
               siege
               of
               Colegrin
               near
               York
               ,
               left
               the
               siege
               ,
               and
               coming
               to
               London
               ,
               sent
               letters
               into
               Britain
               the
               less
               ,
               to
               King
               Hoel
               his
               Sisters
               Son
               ;
               who
               in
               a
               short
               time
               came
               into
               England
               with
               a
               great
               Army
               ,
               and
               was
               met
               by
               Arthur
               at
               winchester
               with
               great
               rejoycings
               .
               These
               two
               going
               both
               to
               Nottingham
               (
               which
               Cheldericus
               had
               besieged
               ,
               but
               not
               taken
               )
               Arthur
               came
               upon
               him
               unawares
               ,
               and
               made
               a
               great
               slaughter
               among
               his
               men
               ;
               Cheldericus
               
               himself
               fied
               into
               a
               wood
               ,
               where
               Arthux
               finding
               him
               ,
               he
               swore
               ,
               that
               if
               he
               and
               his
               Souldiers
               were
               permitted
               to
               depart
               ,
               he
               would
               never
               more
               for
               the
               future
               trouble
               his
               Kingdom
               :
               Arthur
               condescended
               hereto
               ,
               but
               the
               wind
               proving
               cross
               when
               they
               were
               on
               the
               Sea
               ,
               they
               came
               back
               again
               ,
               and
               landing
               at
               Totness
               ,
               did
               a
               great
               deal
               of
               mischief
               ,
               destroying
               the
               Countrey
               as
               far
               as
               Bath
               .
               They
               of
               Bath
               shutting
               their
               Gates
               ,
               made
               a
               stout
               resistance
               :
               but
               when
               this
               was
               known
               to
               Arthur
               then
               in
               the
               Marches
               of
               Scotland
               he
               came
               to
               the
               relief
               of
               Bath
               ,
               fought
               with
               Cheldericus
               ,
               and
               discomfited
               his
               Army
               ,
               &c.
               yet
               in
               the
               year
               577.
               
               On
               a
               strong
               siege
               ,
               and
               strong
               battery
               by
               the
               Saxons
               ,
               it
               yielded
               ,
               but
               afterwards
               grew
               into
               great
               repute
               ,
               and
               got
               a
               new
               name
               ,
               viz.
               Akmanchester
               .
            
             
               Not
               long
               after
               the
               year
               552.
               
               Ceaulmus
               King
               of
               the
               West
               Saxons
               fought
               with
               the
               Britains
               ,
               and
               took
               from
               them
               the
               Cities
               of
               
                 Bath
                 ,
                 Gloucester
              
               and
               Worcester
               .
            
             
               
                 A.
                 D.
              
               676.
               
               
               Osbrich
               founded
               here
               a
               Nunnery
               ,
               and
               not
               long
               after
               ,
               
                 Off
                 a
              
               King
               of
               Mercia
               built
               a
               Church
               ,
               both
               which
               in
               the
               time
               of
               the
               Danish
               Wars
               were
               demolish'd
               ;
               out
               of
               the
               ruines
               of
               those
               two
               arose
               the
               Church
               of
               Saint
               Peter
               ,
               in
               which
               Edgar
               was
               Crowned
               (
               as
               is
               mentioned
               before
               )
               but
               of
               the
               Church
               ,
               more
               in
               its
               place
               .
               This
               Offa
               was
               Brother
               to
               Oswald
               ,
               surnamed
               Christianissimus
               ,
               and
               is
               said
               to
               have
               spent
               much
               of
               his
               time
               at
               Bath
               .
               
               Offa
               (
               saith
               the
               Author
               of
               
                 Brutus
                 abbreviatus
                 )
                 frater
                 Oswaldi
                 ;
                 Iste
                 Offa
                 ,
                 multum
                 morabatur
                 Bathoniae
                 .
              
            
             
               In
               the
               time
               of
               Edward
               the
               Confessor
               ,
               Bath
               flourished
               exceedingly
               ,
               the
               King
               having
               there
               
               64
               Burgers
               ,
               and
               30
               Burgers
               of
               others
               ;
               the
               City
               paying
               tribute
               according
               to
               20
               Hides
               ,
               which
               amounts
               to
               about
               80
               yard
               land
               .
            
             
               In
               the
               reign
               of
               
                 William
                 Rufus
                 ,
                 Robert
                 Mow-Cambden
                 .
                 bray
                 ,
              
               Nephew
               to
               the
               Bishop
               of
               Constance
               ,
               sack'd
               Br.
               p.
               234.
               and
               burnt
               it
               .
               
            
             
               The
               Industrious
               Mr.
               Prynne
               (
               to
               whom
               I
               am
               obliged
               for
               some
               marginal
               Remarks
               )
               in
               his
               
                 Brevia
                 Parliamentaria
                 Rediviva
              
               ,
               and
               fourth
               part
               of
               a
               brief
               Register
               of
               Parliamentary
               Writs
               ,
               hath
               given
               an
               account
               of
               Citizens
               returned
               to
               serve
               in
               Parliament
               for
               this
               City
               ,
               ever
               since
               the
               26th
               .
               year
               ,
               of
               King
               Ed.
               1.
               about
               
                 A.
                 D.
              
               1298.
               
               
               
            
             
               It
               is
               also
               recorded
               ,
               that
               in
               the
               year
               1418
               ,
               in
               the
               time
               of
               H.
               5.
               there
               arose
               a
               contest
               between
               the
               religious
               persons
               ,
               
                 John
                 Telyford
              
               Prior
               ,
               with
               his
               Covent
               ,
               and
               the
               Mayor
               about
               ringing
               of
               the
               Bells
               ,
               which
               lasted
               some
               ,
               years
               ,
               but
               was
               aftewards
               composed
               ,
               and
               brought
               to
               a
               good
               issue
               .
               
            
             
               In
               Bath
               are
               three
               Hospitals
               (
               it
               self
               ,
               indeed
               ,
               being
               but
               one
               great
               one
               )
               St.
               
                 Johns
                 ,
                 Bellots
              
               ,
               and
               the
               Bimburies
               ,
               sometimes
               called
               St.
               Katherines
               ;
               besides
               a
               Free-school
               erected
               ,
               (
               as
               by
               the
               Inscription
               over
               the
               door
               it
               appears
               )
               in
               the
               time
               of
               King
               Ed.
               6.
               
            
             
               The
               Hospital
               of
               St.
               Johns
               was
               founded
               
                 A.
                 D.
              
               1174.
               by
               .
               
                 Reginald
                 fitz
                 Joceline
              
               ,
               a
               Lumbard
               ,
               Bishop
               of
               Bath
               and
               Wells
               ,
               and
               afterwards
               translated
               to
               Canterbury
               ,
               but
               before
               he
               was
               possessed
               of
               his
               new
               honour
               died
               ,
               and
               was
               buried
               at
               Bath
               .
               It
               was
               valued
               at
               the
               yearly
               Rent
               of
               22
               l.
               19s
               .
               6d
               .
               since
               which
               time
               its
               Revenues
               are
               much
               encreased
               ;
               he
               gave
               it
               this
               name
               ,
               as
               I
               suppose
               ,
               from
               St.
               Johns
               in
               the
               Savoy
               ,
               where
               he
               was
               consecrated
               
               Bishop
               after
               his
               return
               from
               beyond
               Sea
               ,
               by
               Richard
               Arch-Bishop
               of
               Canterbury
               .
               
            
             
               Where
               ,
               by
               the
               way
               ,
               I
               cannot
               but
               take
               notice
               that
               this
               Hospital
               is
               said
               to
               be
               built
               by
               Joceline
               of
               Wells
               ,
               and
               Hugo
               Bishop
               of
               Lincolne
               in
               the
               late
               Account
               of
               the
               Worthies
               of
               England
               .
               In
               which
               History
               (
               besides
               the
               Confusion
               of
               
                 Joceline
                 de
                 Wells
              
               ,
               with
               
                 Reginald
                 fitz
                 ,
                 Joceline
                 )
                 the
                 Author
              
               is
               guilty
               (
               that
               I
               may
               say
               no
               worse
               )
               of
               many
               mistakes
               ;
               To
               give
               an
               instance
               or
               two
               instead
               of
               a
               larger
               Catalogue
               that
               might
               be
               produc'd
               ;
               he
               affirms
               ,
               that
               Joceline
               of
               Wells
               was
               the
               first
               man
               that
               fixed
               on
               the
               title
               of
               Bishop
               of
               Bath
               and
               Wells
               ,
               and
               transmitted
               it
               to
               all
               his
               Successors
               ,
               when
               't
               is
               manifest
               out
               of
               
                 Bishop
                 Godwins
                 Catalogue
              
               of
               Bishops
               ,
               that
               Robert
               Bishop
               of
               Wells
               was
               the
               man
               ,
               the
               18
               th
               .
               Bishop
               of
               that
               See
               ,
               and
               not
               Joceline
               who
               was
               the
               21.
               
               
            
             
               He
               writes
               also
               ,
               (
               which
               is
               a
               thing
               I
               confess
               of
               no
               great
               moment
               ,
               but
               yet
               a
               mistake
               )
               that
               the
               famous
               Dr.
               Harvey
               was
               never
               married
               ,
               when
               his
               Wife
               is
               mentioned
               by
               himself
               .
               
               And
               to
               instance
               in
               no
               more
               now
               (
               because
               I
               would
               not
               digress
               too
               far
               )
               he
               avers
               the
               same
               person
               ,
               though
               living
               a
               Batchellor
               ,
               to
               have
               left
               behind
               him
               three
               Children
               ,
               which
               he
               calls
               his
               three
               Books
               ,
               
                 viz.
                 De
                 Sanguinis
                 Circuitu
                 ,
                 De
                 Generatione
                 ,
              
               &
               
                 De
                 Ovo
              
               ;
               whereas
               the
               Doctor
               that
               ever
               I
               could
               find
               (
               who
               possibly
               have
               made
               as
               diligent
               a
               search
               after
               the
               writings
               of
               that
               modest
               ,
               ingenious
               ,
               and
               (
               however
               the
               ignorance
               and
               envy
               of
               some
               have
               endeavoured
               to
               traduce
               him
               )
               learned
               Physitian
               ,
               (
               whose
               memory
               I
               deservedly
               respect
               and
               honour
               )
               as
               any
               other
               can
               ,
               I
               say
               Dr.
               Harvey
               (
               that
               
               ever
               I
               could
               understand
               )
               never
               printed
               any
               thing
               besides
               his
               Treatise
               of
               the
               Circulation
               of
               the
               Blood
               ,
               and
               his
               Exercitations
               concerning
               the
               Generation
               of
               Animals
               ,
               the
               Historian
               making
               two
               Books
               of
               
                 De
                 Generatione
                 ,
                 &
                 de
                 Ove
                 ,
              
               when
               indeed
               they
               are
               but
               one
               .
            
             
               I
               acknowledge
               he
               mentions
               many
               things
               intended
               for
               the
               publick
               ;
               as
               1.
               
               Exercitations
               about
               Respiration
               of
               Animals
               .
               2.
               
               A
               Treatise
               of
               the
               Love
               ,
               lust
               ,
               and
               gendring
               of
               living
               Creatures
               .
               3.
               
               Of
               Nutrition
               .
               4.
               
               Medicinal
               Observations
               .
               5.
               
               Physiologia
               ,
               with
               some
               others
               ,
               wherein
               no
               doubt
               that
               excellent
               Person
               had
               made
               many
               rare
               and
               considerable
               discoveries
               ,
               which
               we
               are
               so
               happy
               now
               to
               enjoy
               ;
               but
               that
               any
               thing
               else
               ,
               save
               the
               two
               forementioned
               Treatises
               ,
               was
               permitted
               ,
               or
               any
               other
               Book
               
                 De
                 Ovo
              
               ,
               composed
               by
               Dr.
               Harvey
               ,
               besides
               that
               
                 De
                 Generations
                 Animalium
              
               (
               wherein
               he
               ingeniously
               observes
               the
               Primordium
               ,
               or
               first
               beginning
               of
               all
               living
               Creatures
               to
               be
               either
               an
               egg
               ,
               or
               something
               Analogical
               to
               it
               .
               )
               I
               should
               be
               very
               glad
               to
               be
               informed
               .
            
             
               Bellots
               Hospital
               was
               built
               by
               
                 Thomas
                 Bellot
              
               Esquire
               ,
               one
               of
               the
               Executors
               of
               the
               Lord
               Cecill
               ,
               in
               the
               time
               of
               King
               James
               ,
               of
               whom
               we
               shall
               speak
               more
               largely
               in
               the
               next
               Chapter
               of
               the
               Church
               ,
               to
               which
               he
               was
               a
               great
               Benefactor
               .
            
             
               As
               for
               the
               Bimburies
               ,
               I
               can
               learn
               no
               more
               concerning
               it
               ,
               than
               this
               ,
               that
               it
               was
               built
               by
               seven
               Sisters
               ,
               who
               left
               this
               Hospital
               behind
               them
               ,
               as
               a
               Monument
               to
               Posterity
               ,
               both
               of
               their
               Charity
               and
               Name
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               III.
               
            
             
               
                 Of
                 the
                 Church
                 of
                 Saint
                 Peter
                 and
                 Paul.
                 
              
            
             
               An
               account
               of
               the
               Church
               of
               St.
               Peter
               and
               Paul
               ,
               in
               Bathe
               ,
               from
               the
               first
               foundation
               to
               the
               time
               it
               was
               finished
               .
               A
               Latin
               Poem
               on
               the
               same
               Subject
               ,
               written
               to
               Bishop
               Mountague
               ,
               with
               the
               Answer
               of
               the
               Bishop
               .
            
             
               THE
               Church
               of
               St.
               Peter
               and
               Paul
               ,
               commonly
               called
               the
               Abbey
               Church
               ,
               as
               now
               it
               is
               ,
               is
               a
               neat
               ,
               and
               curious
               Fabrick
               ;
               of
               which
               ,
               that
               I
               may
               give
               some
               account
               ,
               from
               its
               Original
               ,
               many
               Periods
               ,
               and
               great
               alterations
               it
               hath
               undergone
               ,
               as
               far
               forth
               as
               my
               Observation
               ,
               Information
               ,
               and
               what
               Records
               I
               have
               seen
               will
               reach
               .
               The
               first
               Church
               I
               find
               mentioned
               since
               the
               Temple
               of
               Minerva
               ,
               (
               which
               some
               place
               here
               )
               was
               that
               built
               by
               
                 Off
                 a
              
               King
               of
               Mercia
               ,
               and
               brother
               to
               Oswald
               (
               of
               which
               before
               )
               in
               the
               year
               after
               Christ
               775.
               which
               was
               afterwards
               destroyed
               by
               the
               Danes
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               year
               1010
               ,
               re-edified
               by
               Elphegus
               ,
               who
               being
               a
               man
               of
               great
               Parentage
               ,
               and
               Prior
               of
               Glastonbury
               ,
               left
               that
               place
               ,
               and
               betook
               himself
               to
               Bathe
               ,
               where
               living
               a
               very
               strict
               and
               exemplary
               life
               ,
               even
               to
               admiration
               ,
               he
               was
               chosen
               Abbot
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               year
               984
               Bishop
               of
               Winchester
               ,
               and
               A.
               1006
               promoted
               to
               the
               Arch-Bishoprick
               of
               Canterbury
               ,
               in
               which
               time
               he
               new
               built
               this
               Church
               ,
               four
               years
               after
               his
               coming
               to
               that
               See.
               
               But
               the
               Fabrick
               he
               erected
               stood
               not
               long
               ;
               for
               77
               years
               after
               ,
               or
               A.D.
               
               1087.
               both
               
               it
               ,
               and
               almost
               the
               whole
               City
               ,
               was
               consumed
               by
               fire
               ,
               by
               
                 Robert
                 Mowbray
              
               ,
               Nephew
               to
               the
               Bishop
               of
               Constance
               ,
               in
               the
               first
               year
               of
               
                 William
                 Rufus
              
               .
            
             
               The
               next
               year
               following
               ,
               viz.
               A.D.
               
               1088.
               appeared
               
                 John
                 de
                 Villula
              
               ,
               a
               French-man
               ,
               born
               at
               Tours
               ,
               and
               sometime
               Practitioner
               in
               Physick
               ,
               or
               to
               speak
               more
               plain
               ,
               an
               Empirick
               (
               such
               as
               now
               almost
               every
               place
               doth
               abound
               withall
               ,
               we
               having
               just
               cause
               to
               renew
               the
               Complaint
               made
               by
               Hypocrates
               in
               his
               time
               ,
               that
               there
               are
               now
               adays
               ,
               
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
              
               .
               
               
               Many
               ,
               by
               a
               sort
               of
               people
               ,
               their
               own
               Creatures
               ,
               much
               admir'd
               ,
               but
               what
               Artists
               they
               are
               is
               easily
               to
               be
               said
               )
               for
               the
               Historian
               brands
               him
               with
               this
               Character
               ,
               that
               he
               was
               
                 usu
                 ,
                 non
                 literis
                 ,
                 medicus
                 probatus
                 ,
              
               a
               man
               practised
               more
               by
               rote
               ,
               then
               any
               great
               cunning
               ,
               and
               if
               he
               chanced
               at
               any
               time
               to
               do
               any
               good
               ,
               it
               was
               more
               to
               be
               attributed
               to
               the
               strength
               of
               Nature
               ,
               and
               his
               good
               hap
               ,
               then
               to
               any
               Art
               in
               the
               man
               ,
               or
               accountable
               Virtues
               in
               his
               Medicines
               .
               
               This
               man
               however
               ,
               although
               not
               for
               his
               reach
               in
               Physick
               ,
               was
               to
               be
               commended
               in
               this
               that
               he
               had
               a
               good
               liking
               to
               the
               Abbey
               ,
               and
               though
               a
               poor
               Physitian
               ,
               was
               a
               rich
               man
               ,
               and
               a
               great
               Benefactor
               to
               the
               Church
               ,
               which
               he
               building
               from
               the
               ground
               ,
               and
               augmenting
               the
               Revenues
               from
               a
               small
               mater
               to
               a
               considerable
               proportion
               ,
               may
               seem
               to
               deserve
               the
               name
               of
               the
               first
               Author
               ,
               and
               Founder
               of
               it
               .
               He
               lived
               not
               to
               see
               it
               finish'd
               ,
               being
               prevented
               by
               death
               ,
               which
               happened
               the
               29th
               .
               of
               December
               ,
               1122
               ,
               and
               was
               buried
               at
               Bathe
               ,
               in
               the
               Church
               he
               built
               .
            
             
             
               This
               John
               was
               Bishop
               of
               Wells
               ,
               but
               upon
               some
               dislike
               †
               removed
               his
               Episcopal
               Chair
               to
               Bathe
               ,
               and
               was
               known
               by
               the
               title
               of
               Bishop
               of
               Bathe
               ,
               renouncing
               that
               of
               Wells
               ,
               and
               bought
               this
               City
               of
               
                 William
                 Rufus
              
               ,
               (
               or
               ,
               as
               some
               say
               ,
               H.
               2.
               )
               for
               500
               Marks
               ,
               which
               continued
               in
               the
               Bishops
               hands
               till
               the
               4th
               .
               year
               of
               Rich.
               1.
               about
               A.D.
               
               1192.
               at
               which
               time
               Saverick
               ,
               first
               Arch-Deacon
               of
               Northampton
               ,
               afterwards
               Bishop
               of
               Bathe
               and
               
                 Wells
                 ,
                 a
                 German
              
               ,
               and
               Kinsman
               to
               the
               Emperour
               ,
               in
               order
               to
               the
               more
               speedy
               effecting
               his
               design
               of
               being
               Bishop
               ,
               to
               the
               performance
               of
               which
               ,
               among
               other
               things
               ,
               as
               Conditions
               of
               the
               Kings
               Release
               ,
               (
               being
               taken
               Prisoner
               by
               Leopold
               Arch-Duke
               of
               Austria
               )
               the
               Emperour
               had
               engaged
               him
               )
               returned
               the
               Possession
               of
               the
               City
               to
               King
               Richard
               the
               first
               .
            
             
               In
               the
               year
               1137
               July
               29
               ,
               15
               years
               after
               the
               death
               of
               
                 John
                 de
                 Villula
              
               ,
               the
               Church
               he
               lately
               built
               was
               consumed
               by
               fire
               ,
               and
               re-edified
               by
               Robert
               ,
               a
               Monk
               of
               Lewes
               ,
               born
               in
               Normandy
               ,
               but
               by
               Parentage
               a
               Flemming
               ,
               then
               Bishop
               of
               that
               See.
               
               He
               not
               only
               made
               good
               what
               the
               fire
               had
               destroyed
               ,
               but
               carried
               on
               the
               work
               to
               a
               greater
               perfection
               .
               In
               the
               troubles
               between
               Maud
               the
               l●mpress
               ,
               and
               King
               Stephen
               ,
               he
               suffered
               a
               long
               and
               a
               close
               restraint
               at
               Bathe
               ,
               from
               the
               King
               ,
               and
               after
               his
               enlargement
               ,
               endeavoured
               an
               Accommodation
               between
               the
               two
               Churches
               of
               Bath
               and
               Wells
               ,
               which
               had
               differed
               many
               years
               about
               the
               Episcopal
               See
               ,
               and
               at
               last
               ,
               with
               consent
               of
               both
               parties
               ,
               made
               this
               agreement
               ,
               that
               the
               Bishops
               hereafter
               should
               be
               called
               Bishops
               of
               Bathe
               and
               Wells
               ;
               That
               each
               of
               them
               should
               by
               Commission
               
               appoint
               Electors
               ,
               the
               See
               being
               void
               ,
               by
               whose
               voices
               the
               Bishop
               should
               be
               chosen
               ;
               And
               that
               he
               should
               be
               installed
               with
               both
               of
               these
               Churches
               .
               The
               second
               of
               which
               Articles
               was
               not
               long
               observed
               ,
               for
               A.D.
               
               1244.
               in
               the
               29th
               year
               of
               Hen.
               3.
               
               The
               Monks
               of
               Bathe
               ,
               refusing
               to
               joyn
               with
               the
               Chapter
               of
               Wells
               ,
               chose
               of
               themselves
               one
               †
               Roger
               for
               Bishop
               ,
               which
               occasioned
               a
               long
               Suit
               in
               Law
               between
               the
               two
               Churches
               ,
               composed
               afterwards
               by
               the
               Bishop
               ,
               who
               died
               not
               long
               after
               ,
               and
               was
               buried
               at
               Bathe
               .
               The
               Condition
               of
               which
               Compos
               ;
               ition
               was
               this
               ;
               That
               they
               of
               Wells
               must
               be
               satisfied
               for
               the
               present
               ,
               and
               they
               of
               Bathe
               promise
               performance
               of
               the
               Agreement
               made
               by
               Robert
               ,
               for
               the
               future
               ,
               which
               was
               done
               accordingly
               .
            
             
               This
               Structure
               erected
               by
               Robert
               ,
               continued
               till
               the
               time
               of
               Henry
               the
               7th
               ;
               when
               
                 Oliver
                 King
              
               ,
               the
               23d
               Bishop
               after
               the
               Union
               of
               Bathe
               and
               Wells
               ,
               pulling
               down
               the
               old
               Church
               built
               by
               Robert
               ,
               not
               
                 John
                 de
                 Villula
              
               (
               which
               was
               burnt
               ,
               as
               Mr.
               Cambden
               affirms
               )
               began
               the
               foundation
               of
               a
               fair
               and
               sumptuous
               Building
               ,
               but
               left
               it
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               his
               death
               ,
               whatever
               the
               lately
               mentioned
               Historian
               relates
               ,
               very
               imperfect
               .
               
               For
               besides
               the
               Cost
               bestowed
               on
               it
               by
               Cardinal
               
                 Hadrian
                 de
                 Castallo
              
               ,
               chosen
               Bishop
               
                 A.
                 D
              
               ,
               1505.
               which
               I
               think
               ,
               was
               not
               great
               ;
               
                 William
                 Bird
              
               ,
               the
               last
               Prior
               of
               the
               Abbey
               ,
               undertook
               it
               ,
               and
               partly
               of
               himself
               ,
               and
               partly
               by
               the
               help
               of
               others
               ,
               almost
               brought
               it
               to
               perfection
               ,
               when
               in
               a
               short
               time
               after
               the
               dissolution
               of
               Religious
               Houses
               ensuing
               in
               the
               time
               of
               Henry
               the
               eighth
               ,
               it
               was
               again
               demollish'd
               .
               In
               memory
               of
               this
               Prior
               
               Bird
               ,
               there
               is
               in
               the
               Chappel
               ,
               on
               the
               South
               side
               of
               the
               Quire
               ,
               at
               the
               East
               end
               ,
               a
               Coat
               of
               Armes
               in
               Stone
               ,
               a
               Cheveron
               between
               three
               Falcons
               ,
               their
               Wings
               and
               Members-displai'd
               ;
               on
               a
               Chief
               ,
               a
               Rose
               between
               two
               pretious
               Stones
               ,
               and
               for
               a
               Crest
               a
               Miter
               and
               Crozier
               .
               And
               in
               the
               out-side
               of
               the
               Chappel
               Wall
               ,
               Southward
               ,
               a
               W.
               and
               a
               Bird.
               
            
             
               Neither
               are
               there
               wanting
               memorials
               of
               the
               Name
               of
               the
               foresaid
               Oliver
               .
               For
               in
               the
               Front
               of
               the
               Church
               ,
               on
               both
               sides
               ,
               on
               a
               Pillar
               ,
               are
               placed
               two
               Elephants
               about
               an
               Olive
               Tree
               ,
               and
               an
               Inscription
               engraven
               in
               Stone
               under
               it
               ,
               in
               allusion
               to
               the
               parable
               of
               Jotham
               ,
               
               of
               which
               this
               is
               part
               ,
               
                 
                   Trees
                   going
                   to
                   chuse
                   their
                   King
                
                 
                   Said
                   ,
                   be
                   to
                   us
                   the
                   Oliver
                   King
                
              
            
             
               (
               Which
               in
               the
               late
               times
               caused
               some
               to
               suspect
               it
               for
               a
               Prophesie
               )
               with
               a
               Miter
               over
               all
               .
               This
               
                 Oliver
                 King
              
               was
               Doctor
               of
               Laws
               ,
               of
               Kings
               Colledge
               in
               Cambridge
               ,
               Principal
               Secretary
               to
               three
               Monarchs
               of
               this
               Land
               ,
               Edward
               the
               4th
               ,
               Edward
               the
               5th
               ,
               and
               Henry
               the
               7th
               .
               Register
               of
               the
               Knights
               of
               the
               Garter
               ,
               Bishop
               of
               Exeter
               ,
               and
               thence
               translated
               hither
               ,
               Novemb.
               6.
               1495.
               died
               Jan.
               34.
               1503.
               and
               is
               thought
               to
               lie
               buried
               at
               Windsor
               ,
               where
               he
               was
               sometime
               Canon
               .
            
             
               The
               Death
               of
               Bishop
               King
               obstructed
               this
               Structure
               (
               as
               a
               Reverend
               Doctor
               is
               pleased
               to
               quibble
               )
               so
               that
               it
               stood
               a
               long
               time
               neglected
               ,
               which
               gave
               occasion
               to
               one
               to
               write
               on
               the
               Church
               Wall
               with
               a
               Char-coal
               .
               
               
                 
                 
                   O
                   Church
                   I
                   wail
                   thy
                   woful
                   plight
                
                 
                   Whom
                   King
                   ,
                   nor
                   Card'nal
                   ,
                   Clark
                   ,
                   nor
                   Knight
                
                 
                   Have
                   yet
                   restor'd
                   to
                   antient
                   right
                   .
                
              
            
             
               Alluding
               herein
               to
               Bishop
               King
               ,
               who
               began
               it
               ,
               and
               his
               four
               Successors
               in
               35
               years
               ,
               viz.
               Cardinal
               Hadrian
               mentioned
               before
               ,
               who
               sat
               Bishop
               12
               years
               ,
               and
               was
               afterwards
               deprived
               of
               this
               ,
               and
               all
               other
               promotions
               ,
               for
               conspiring
               with
               some
               other
               Cardinals
               ,
               the
               Death
               of
               Pope
               Leo
               the
               10th
               .
               Cardinal
               Wolsey
               ,
               who
               held
               the
               Bishoprick
               
                 in
                 Commandam
              
               four
               years
               ,
               and
               was
               then
               translated
               to
               Durham
               .
               Bishop
               Clark
               ,
               who
               sate
               19
               years
               ,
               and
               died
               in
               the
               end
               of
               the
               year
               1540
               ,
               being
               poysoned
               ,
               as
               was
               supposed
               ,
               in
               Germany
               ,
               when
               he
               went
               Ambassadour
               to
               the
               Duke
               of
               Cleve
               ,
               to
               give
               a
               reason
               of
               the
               Kings
               Divorce
               from
               the
               Lady
               
                 Anne
                 of
                 Cleve
              
               ,
               his
               Sister
               ;
               and
               Bishop
               Knight
               .
               These
               four
               contributing
               nothing
               considerable
               to
               the
               finishing
               thereof
               .
               Also
               one
               Cassadore
               ,
               a
               popishly
               affected
               person
               ,
               wrote
               a
               Prophesie
               of
               this
               Church
               ,
               to
               be
               seen
               in
               Fullers
               Worthies
               ,
               with
               what
               he
               thinks
               is
               the
               meaning
               of
               it
               .
               
            
             
               Upon
               the
               dissolution
               of
               the
               Abbey
               ,
               the
               Church
               was
               uncovered
               ,
               the
               Lead
               taken
               away
               ,
               and
               the
               Walls
               much
               ruin'd
               ,
               and
               so
               continued
               for
               some
               time
               .
               But
               since
               its
               last
               demolition
               ,
               in
               the
               Reign
               of
               King
               Henry
               the
               8th
               ,
               it
               hath
               thrice
               been
               attempted
               to
               be
               re-edified
               ;
               First
               in
               the
               time
               of
               Queen
               Elizabeth
               ,
               by
               a
               General
               Collection
               ,
               by
               which
               the
               Work
               was
               not
               much
               advanc'd
               .
               The
               Second
               ,
               in
               the
               beginning
               of
               the
               Reign
               of
               King
               James
               ,
               
               
                 A.
                 D.
              
               1604.
               in
               whose
               time
               it
               met
               with
               many
               Benefactors
               ;
               the
               principal
               whereof
               to
               this
               second
               work
               was
               
                 Thomas
                 Bellot
              
               Esquire
               ,
               Steward
               of
               the
               House
               ,
               and
               one
               of
               the
               Executors
               of
               the
               Right
               Honourable
               ,
               William
               Lord
               Barkley
               ,
               sometime
               Lord
               Treasurer
               of
               England
               ,
               who
               made
               some
               entrance
               on
               this
               Work
               in
               the
               Reign
               of
               Queen
               Elizabeth
               ,
               and
               last
               of
               all
               ,
               about
               the
               middle
               of
               King
               James's
               Reign
               it
               was
               finish'd
               and
               brought
               to
               perfection
               ,
               as
               by
               the
               Munificence
               of
               Noble
               men
               ,
               Knights
               ,
               Gentlemen
               ,
               and
               others
               ,
               whose
               Names
               are
               on
               Record
               ,
               so
               especially
               by
               the
               liberal
               hand
               of
               Dr.
               
                 James
                 Mountague
              
               ,
               sometime
               Bishop
               of
               this
               Diocese
               ,
               who
               at
               one
               time
               gave
               1000
               pounds
               toward
               its
               Reparation
               ,
               and
               lies
               buried
               in
               the
               body
               of
               the
               Church
               ,
               deceased
               July
               20.1618
               .
            
             
               It
               appears
               also
               from
               the
               Memorials
               of
               the
               Church
               ,
               that
               before
               the
               first
               of
               these
               three
               last
               attempts
               to
               repair
               it
               ,
               there
               was
               little
               of
               the
               Church
               standing
               ,
               save
               the
               bare
               Walls
               ,
               and
               those
               too
               ,
               in
               many
               places
               ,
               much
               impaired
               ,
               which
               being
               then
               ,
               as
               it
               was
               ,
               decayed
               in
               the
               hands
               of
               
                 Edmund
                 Colethurst
              
               Esquire
               ,
               was
               by
               him
               bestowed
               on
               the
               City
               ,
               though
               uncovered
               ,
               and
               much
               ruin'd
               ,
               as
               it
               had
               long
               stood
               after
               the
               dissolution
               ;
               and
               therefore
               he
               bears
               the
               name
               of
               the
               principal
               Benefactor
               to
               the
               first
               work
               .
            
             
               The
               particulars
               of
               the
               Reparations
               ,
               with
               the
               Names
               ,
               and
               Sums
               of
               the
               Benefactors
               from
               the
               time
               of
               Queen
               Elizabeth
               downwards
               (
               which
               are
               not
               for
               me
               here
               distinctly
               to
               mention
               )
               are
               Recorded
               in
               a
               Book
               kept
               for
               that
               purpose
               in
               the
               Library
               belonging
               to
               the
               Church
               ,
               begun
               by
               Bishop
               Lake
               ,
               and
               augmented
               by
               some
               others
               ,
               but
               
               yet
               stands
               in
               need
               of
               the
               helping
               hands
               of
               more
               Benefactors
               .
            
             
               And
               although
               I
               have
               said
               so
               much
               concerning
               this
               Church
               already
               ,
               yet
               I
               shall
               crave
               leave
               to
               add
               as
               a
               Conclusion
               to
               this
               Matter
               a
               Poem
               ,
               which
               accidentally
               came
               to
               my
               hands
               by
               the
               means
               of
               Mr.
               
                 John
                 Parker
              
               ,
               Citizen
               of
               Bathe
               ,
               a
               lover
               of
               Antiquity
               ,
               and
               my
               good
               Friend
               (
               to
               whom
               I
               acknowledge
               my self
               engag'd
               for
               the
               assistance
               he
               afforded
               me
               in
               my
               search
               after
               the
               Antiquities
               of
               the
               the
               City
               )
               found
               in
               the
               Study
               among
               other
               Papers
               ,
               of
               that
               learned
               Knight
               ,
               Sir
               
                 John
                 Harrington
              
               ,
               whether
               made
               by
               himself
               ,
               as
               some
               imagine
               (
               who
               well
               might
               do
               it
               ,
               having
               a
               great
               genius
               to
               Poetry
               ,
               and
               called
               by
               Dr.
               Fuller
               ,
               one
               of
               the
               most
               ingenious
               Poets
               of
               our
               Nation
               )
               or
               some
               other
               ,
               I
               know
               not
               ;
               written
               ,
               and
               as
               it
               seems
               ,
               spoken
               to
               Bishop
               Mountague
               ,
               at
               his
               first
               coming
               to
               Bathe
               ,
               and
               Sight
               of
               the
               Church
               ;
               which
               I
               should
               have
               translated
               ,
               but
               that
               the
               Substance
               of
               it
               ,
               as
               much
               as
               is
               necessary
               to
               be
               known
               for
               History
               ,
               is
               contained
               in
               the
               foregoing
               account
               .
               However
               ,
               to
               preserve
               it
               from
               perishing
               ,
               and
               to
               gratifie
               the
               lover
               of
               Antiquity
               ,
               (
               to
               whom
               I
               chuse
               rather
               to
               incur
               the
               censure
               of
               being
               Prodigal
               ,
               then
               any
               way
               Nice
               ,
               in
               with-holding
               any
               thing
               I
               think
               may
               deserve
               their
               acceptance
               )
               I
               shall
               insert
               it
               here
               ,
               in
               Latin
               ,
               as
               I
               found
               it
               .
               The
               Title
               thus
               ,
            
             
               
                 
                   
                     
                     
                       Conditionis
                       Variae
                       ECCLESIAE
                       SANCTI
                       PETRI
                       &
                       PAULI
                       Bathoniensis
                       ,
                       A
                       PRIMIS
                       FUNDAMENTIS
                       ,
                       Actis
                       an
                       .
                       775
                       .
                       AD
                       ANNUM
                       DECURRENTEM
                       ,
                       1609.
                       
                       Historico-Poetica
                       
                         〈◊〉
                         〈◊〉
                         〈◊〉
                         〈◊〉
                         〈◊〉
                      
                       Deque
                       Faelicissima
                       ejusdem
                       Ecclesiae
                       restauratione
                       VATICINIUM
                       .
                    
                     
                       Ad
                       Reverendissimum
                       in
                       Christo
                       Patrem
                       ,
                       Jacob
                       .
                       providentia
                       divina
                       ,
                       dignissimum
                       Ecclesiae
                       
                         Bathoniensis
                         &
                         Wellensis
                      
                       Episcopum
                       ,
                       Bathoniam
                       primo
                       faeliciter
                       invisentem
                       ,
                       &
                       visitantem
                       .
                    
                     
                       
                         MActe
                         ,
                         bonis
                         avibus
                         ;
                         recidivi
                         limino
                         Templi
                      
                       
                         (
                         In
                         Christo
                         reverende
                         Pater
                         )
                         gratissimus
                         intras
                         .
                      
                       
                       
                         Macte
                         ,
                         sed
                         haud
                         pigeat
                         prius
                         aequa
                         mente
                         parumper
                      
                       
                         Pristina
                         delubri
                         perpendere
                         fata
                         miselli
                         .
                      
                       
                         Temporis
                         elapsi
                         studio
                         monumenta
                         revolvens
                         
                      
                       
                         Attento
                         ,
                         invenies
                         hujus
                         fundamina
                         Templi
                         ,
                      
                       
                         Prima
                         
                           Off
                           am
                        
                         ,
                         priscum
                         regem
                         ,
                         jecisse
                         ;
                         secunda
                         
                      
                       
                         Ephegum
                         ,
                         regni
                         primatem
                         ;
                         Tertia
                         tandem
                         
                      
                       
                         (
                         Cum
                         duo
                         Danorum
                         rabies
                         ,
                         ignisque
                         priora
                      
                       
                         Vastasset
                         )
                         sumptu
                         posuit
                         majore
                         Johannes
                         
                      
                       
                         
                           De
                           Villa
                        
                         ,
                         natu
                         Gallus
                         ,
                         non
                         infimus
                         artis
                         
                      
                       
                         Professor
                         medicae
                         ,
                         Wellensi
                         ingratior
                         aedi
                         ;
                      
                       
                         Qui
                         ,
                         postquam
                         variis
                         viguisset
                         Episcopus
                         annis
                         ,
                      
                       
                         Sedem
                         Thermopolin
                         Cathedralem
                         transtulit
                         illinc
                         .
                      
                       
                         Urbe
                         hac
                         ,
                         quingentis
                         Marcis
                         ,
                         a
                         Rege
                         coempta
                         ,
                      
                       
                         Pulchrius
                         antiquis
                         fanum
                         construxit
                         :
                         at
                         ipsum
                      
                       
                         AEvo
                         combussit
                         pariter
                         Jovis
                         ira
                         sequenti
                         .
                      
                       
                         Structorem
                         celebris
                         misit
                         Normannia
                         Quartum
                         ,
                      
                       
                         Officio
                         Monachum
                         ,
                         Roberlum
                         nomine
                         ,
                         molem
                         
                      
                       
                         Subversum
                         toties
                         qui
                         restauravit
                         ;
                         &
                         inter
                      
                       
                         Presbyteros
                         ,
                         litem
                         ,
                         de
                         Sedis
                         honore
                         ,
                         diremit
                         ,
                      
                       
                         Exornans
                         titulis
                         utramque
                         aequalibus
                         orbem
                         .
                      
                       
                         Tandem
                         post
                         seriem
                         numerosam
                         ,
                         munificamque
                         ,
                      
                       
                         Infignis
                         praesul
                         pietate
                         ,
                         vicesimus
                         atque
                      
                       
                         Tertius
                         ,
                         hunc
                         sequitur
                         ;
                         qui
                         faustum
                         nominis
                         omen
                         ,
                      
                       
                         Expressit
                         factis
                         ,
                         
                           Oliver
                           King
                        
                         dictus
                         ,
                         Olivam
                         
                      
                       
                         Et
                         Regem
                         vere
                         referebat
                         ,
                         ad
                         instar
                         olivam
                      
                       
                         Pacis
                         erat
                         populo
                         ,
                         simul
                         ubertatis
                         &
                         author
                         .
                      
                       
                         At
                         magis
                         hoc
                         retulit
                         regalis
                         munere
                         Regem
                         ,
                      
                       
                         Quippe
                         opus
                         incultum
                         Rodberti
                         sustulit
                         ,
                         atque
                      
                       
                         Illius
                         ,
                         extemplo
                         vice
                         ,
                         fundamenta
                         locavit
                         ,
                      
                       
                         Ista
                         ;
                         dedit
                         solidis
                         speciosa
                         pleromata
                         muris
                         .
                      
                       
                       
                         Tecta
                         superstruxit
                         sublimibus
                         alta
                         Columnis
                         ,
                      
                       
                         Areolas
                         soleis
                         tongas
                         substravit
                         &
                         amplas
                         ,
                      
                       
                         Omnia
                         ad
                         hanc
                         pulchram
                         structuras
                         caetera
                         formam
                         ,
                      
                       
                         Et
                         fundis
                         ,
                         dubio
                         procul
                         ,
                         instructurus
                         opimus
                         ,
                      
                       
                         Morte
                         immortales
                         subito
                         est
                         arreptus
                         ad
                         arces
                         .
                      
                       
                         Tantae
                         molis
                         erat
                         tam
                         clarum
                         condere
                         Templum
                         !
                      
                       
                         Ne
                         tamen
                         his
                         tantis
                         perfectio
                         debita
                         caeptis
                      
                       
                         Deforet
                         ,
                         huic
                         operi
                         Colophonem
                         attexuir
                         ,
                         almus
                      
                       
                         Abbatiae
                         Rector
                         
                           Gulielmus
                           Birdus
                        
                         ,
                         At
                         eheu
                         !
                      
                       
                         Sanctis
                         stare
                         diu
                         fatis
                         (
                         proh
                         fata
                         !
                         )
                         negatum
                         est
                         .
                      
                       
                         Horrida
                         de
                         innocuis
                         fertur
                         sententia
                         famis
                         ;
                      
                       
                         Abbatiae
                         pereunt
                         ,
                         fpoliantur
                         Templa
                         ,
                         rapinis
                      
                       
                         Tecta
                         patent
                         ,
                         reditus
                         ,
                         fundi
                         ,
                         Sacraria
                         ;
                         quid
                         non
                         ?
                      
                       
                         (
                         Unde
                         nefas
                         tantum
                         Zeli
                         fautoribus
                         ?
                         )
                         una
                      
                       
                         Iste
                         ,
                         vel
                         in
                         Cunis
                         ,
                         insons
                         discerpitur
                         infans
                         .
                      
                       
                         Impete
                         diripitur
                         violento
                         haec
                         fabrica
                         ;
                         praestant
                      
                       
                         Saxa
                         ,
                         vitrum
                         ,
                         plumbum
                         ,
                         Campanae
                         ,
                         ac
                         omnia
                         praeter
                      
                       
                         Hoc
                         miserum
                         
                           〈◊〉
                           〈◊〉
                           〈◊〉
                           〈◊〉
                           〈◊〉
                        
                         Tantae
                         at
                         quae
                         Causa
                         ruinae
                         ?
                      
                       
                         Num
                         pietatis
                         amor
                         an
                         amor
                         sceleratus
                         habendi
                         ?
                      
                       
                         Hic
                         amor
                         exitio
                         est
                         Templis
                         ,
                         Templique
                         ministris
                         ,
                      
                       
                         Hic
                         amor
                         extinxit
                         clarissima
                         lumina
                         regni
                         .
                      
                       
                         Nec
                         sinit
                         hic
                         Amor
                         haec
                         extincta
                         resumere
                         lucem
                         ,
                      
                       
                         Nemo
                         bonum
                         Templi
                         ,
                         Templi
                         bona
                         quisque
                         requirit
                         .
                      
                       
                         Hinc
                         haec
                         Cimmeriis
                         ,
                         per
                         tot
                         ,
                         tam
                         turpiter
                         ,
                         annos
                         ,
                      
                       
                       
                         Maxima
                         lux
                         urbis
                         ,
                         latuit
                         suppressa
                         tenebris
                         ,
                      
                       
                         Sed
                         pater
                         omnibonus
                         ,
                         cui
                         provida
                         cura
                         Suarum
                         est
                         ,
                      
                       
                         Hanc
                         piceam
                         nuper
                         ,
                         caelesti
                         campade
                         ,
                         noctem
                      
                       
                         Dispulit
                         e
                         multis
                         Sanctorum
                         cordibus
                         ,
                         unde
                      
                       
                         Accendere
                         suo
                         nostrum
                         de
                         lumine
                         lumen
                         .
                      
                       
                         Sic
                         tamen
                         ,
                         ut
                         quivis
                         magis
                         hinc
                         sibi
                         luceat
                         ipsi
                         ,
                      
                       
                         Ut
                         tanto
                         ad
                         praesens
                         reliquos
                         veneremur
                         honore
                         ,
                      
                       
                         Vivida
                         quos
                         totum
                         celebravit
                         fama
                         per
                         orbem
                         ,
                      
                       
                         Nobile
                         Bellotti
                         sidus
                         ,
                         sic
                         emicat
                         ,
                         omnes
                      
                       
                         Inter
                         nutritios
                         Templorum
                         jure
                         colendos
                         ,
                      
                       
                         Plena
                         velut
                         stellis
                         praefulget
                         Luna
                         minutis
                         .
                      
                       
                         Singula
                         quae
                         cernis
                         pulchrae
                         ornamenta
                         Capellae
                         ,
                      
                       
                         Area
                         ,
                         porta
                         ,
                         solum
                         ,
                         Subsellia
                         ,
                         Rostra
                         ,
                         fenestrae
                         ,
                      
                       
                         Bellottum
                         unanimi
                         Compellant
                         ore
                         parentem
                         .
                      
                       
                         Bellottum
                         sonitu
                         reboat
                         Campana
                         canoro
                         ,
                      
                       
                         
                           〈◊〉
                           〈◊〉
                           〈◊〉
                           〈◊〉
                           〈◊〉
                        
                         sonant
                         Bellottum
                         ,
                         Balnea
                         ,
                         vici
                         ,
                      
                       
                         Compita
                         ,
                         Bellotti
                         jactant
                         ad
                         sidera
                         noman
                         ,
                      
                       
                         Quod
                         Christi
                         est
                         cultor
                         simul
                         excultorque
                         sacrorum
                         .
                      
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       VATICINIUM
                       .
                    
                     
                       
                         DEsine
                         plura
                         :
                         sat
                         est
                         veterom
                         ,
                         peragenda
                         peractis
                      
                       
                         Succedant
                         ;
                         meliora
                         bonis
                         ,
                         majora
                         minutis
                         .
                      
                       
                         Auspiciis
                         huc
                         misse
                         sacris
                         (
                         Sanctissime
                         Praesull
                         )
                      
                       
                         Sensibus
                         hoec
                         imis
                         superum
                         Consulta
                         repone
                         ,
                      
                       
                         Quae
                         tibi
                         fatidico
                         dispandit
                         carmine
                         Vates
                         ,
                      
                       
                         Laeta
                         ruinoso
                         proclamans
                         omnia
                         Templo
                         .
                      
                       
                         Quo
                         decet
                         ,
                         haenc
                         specta
                         ,
                         vultu
                         ,
                         sine
                         nube
                         ,
                         sereno
                         ,
                      
                       
                         Faecundam
                         laudum
                         segetem
                         sine
                         fine
                         Tuarum
                         .
                      
                       
                       
                         Molliter
                         ossa
                         Cubant
                         Offae
                         ,
                         ac
                         
                           Elphegl
                           ,
                           Oliveri
                        
                      
                       
                         Rodberti
                         ,
                         ac
                         Birdi
                         ,
                         merito
                         celebrentur
                         honore
                         ;
                      
                       
                         Debita
                         Bellotto
                         reddatur
                         palma
                         benigno
                         .
                      
                       
                         Pet-pius
                         extento
                         Bellottus
                         floreat
                         aevo
                         .
                      
                       
                         Non
                         equidem
                         invideo
                         ,
                         laetormage
                         ,
                         gratulor
                         illi
                         .
                      
                       
                         Quod
                         si
                         tam
                         celebrem
                         mereatur
                         guttula
                         laudem
                         ,
                      
                       
                         Praemia
                         quae
                         referet
                         largos
                         qui
                         funditat
                         imbres
                         ?
                      
                       
                         Tantum
                         at
                         honorisico
                         cedes
                         ,
                         Bellotte
                         ,
                         Jacobi
                         ,
                      
                       
                         Effuso
                         tenuis
                         quantum
                         imbris
                         guttula
                         cedit
                         .
                      
                       
                         Bellotti
                         guttis
                         rorata
                         Capella
                         virescit
                         ,
                      
                       
                         Imbribus
                         assiduis
                         Divi
                         madefacta
                         Jacobi
                      
                       
                         Integra
                         quam
                         laetos
                         diffundent
                         Templa
                         racemos
                         .
                      
                       
                         Nec
                         tamen
                         haec
                         aqueo
                         vitis
                         cupit
                         imbre
                         rigari
                         :
                      
                       
                         Aureolo
                         hanc
                         Danaem
                         saturabis
                         ,
                         Jupiter
                         ,
                         imbre
                         ,
                      
                       
                         Hinc
                         quae
                         spreta
                         diu
                         languenti
                         Ecclesia
                         morbo
                      
                       
                         Intabuit
                         ;
                         vitam
                         ,
                         Te
                         Te
                         medicante
                         resumit
                         ,
                      
                       
                         Ut
                         redit
                         infuso
                         flaccescens
                         vena
                         Lyaeo
                         ,
                      
                       
                         Hujus
                         sint
                         alii
                         fautores
                         ,
                         sydera
                         ,
                         fani
                         ;
                      
                       
                         Cynthia
                         Bellottus
                         ;
                         solus
                         Tu
                         
                           〈◊〉
                           〈◊〉
                           〈◊〉
                           〈◊〉
                           〈◊〉
                        
                         ,
                         Apollo
                         .
                      
                       
                         Haec
                         Tu
                         vivifico
                         reparabis
                         membra
                         Calore
                         ;
                      
                       
                         Haec
                         Tu
                         magnifico
                         decorabis
                         Tecta
                         nitore
                         .
                      
                       
                         Aspice
                         surgenti
                         laetentur
                         ut
                         omnia
                         Templo
                         .
                      
                       
                         Grandaevum
                         videor
                         mihi
                         prospectare
                         Jacobum
                         ,
                      
                       
                         Aspectus
                         virtute
                         Tui
                         ,
                         torpore
                         solutum
                         ,
                      
                       
                         Atque
                         reornato
                         scandentem
                         climate
                         Caelos
                         .
                      
                       
                         Ut
                         renovat
                         vires
                         ,
                         ut
                         concipit
                         aethera
                         mente
                         ;
                      
                       
                         Insuper
                         alatos
                         ,
                         ultroque
                         citroque
                         meantes
                      
                       
                         Coelicolas
                         video
                         ,
                         bona
                         climacteribus
                         illis
                      
                       
                         Nuncia
                         portantes
                         superis
                         :
                         ac
                         gaudia
                         divum
                      
                       
                         Inde
                         renarrantes
                         terris
                         de
                         Praesule
                         tanto
                         ;
                      
                       
                         Teque
                         cohortantes
                         (
                         propria
                         sat
                         sponte
                         citatum
                         )
                      
                       
                         Euge
                         !
                         opus
                         hoc
                         mirae
                         pietatis
                         perfice
                         Praesul
                         .
                      
                       
                         Te
                         nempe
                         ad
                         decus
                         hoc
                         peperit
                         natura
                         ,
                         replevit
                      
                       
                         Dotibus
                         eximii
                         sDeus
                         ,
                         ars
                         perfecta
                         polivit
                         ,
                      
                       
                       
                         In
                         gremio
                         reforet
                         ter
                         magni
                         gratia
                         Regis
                         :
                      
                       
                         Ditavitque
                         bonis
                         tanta
                         ad
                         molimina
                         natis
                         .
                      
                       
                         Huc
                         opulenta
                         Tibi
                         sua
                         fundit
                         viscera
                         tellus
                         ,
                      
                       
                         Huc
                         Tua
                         Te
                         virtus
                         ,
                         sorte
                         ancillante
                         ,
                         propellit
                         .
                      
                       
                         Euge
                         l
                         opus
                         hoc
                         mira
                         pietatis
                         perfice
                         Praesul●
                      
                       
                         Aggredere
                         aeternos
                         ,
                         servit
                         Tibi
                         tempus
                         ,
                         honores
                      
                       
                         His
                         petitur
                         Caelum
                         Scalis
                         ,
                         hac
                         itur
                         ad
                         astra
                         .
                      
                       
                         Nec
                         mora
                         ,
                         fervet
                         opus
                         ,
                         structor
                         ,
                         lapicida
                         ,
                         peritus
                      
                       
                         Gypsator
                         ,
                         sculptor
                         ,
                         fustor
                         ,
                         vitrarius
                         :
                         omnes
                      
                       
                         Artifices
                         instant
                         ardentes
                         .
                         Moenia
                         surgunt
                         ,
                      
                       
                         Dissita
                         quae
                         fuerant
                         loca
                         concamerantur
                         Erismis
                         ,
                      
                       
                         Extima
                         plumboso
                         velantur
                         tegmine
                         ,
                         pulchris
                      
                       
                         Intima
                         Caelantur
                         laquearibus
                         :
                         omnia
                         miris
                      
                       
                         Sunt
                         decorata
                         modis
                         :
                         respondent
                         omnia
                         vatis
                         .
                      
                       
                         Nec
                         deerunt
                         mystae
                         ,
                         Celebrent
                         qui
                         sacra
                         ,
                         frequentes
                         .
                      
                       
                         Sed
                         numerosa
                         brevi
                         totam
                         quae
                         Compleat
                         aedem
                         .
                      
                       
                         Pompa
                         Sacerdotum
                         ,
                         Psalmodorumque
                         Decano
                      
                       
                         Producente
                         Chorum
                         ,
                         Cantabit
                         grata
                         Jehovae
                      
                       
                         Cantia
                         ,
                         tantorum
                         fonti
                         ,
                         authorique
                         bonorum
                         .
                      
                       
                         Haec
                         mihi
                         praesagit
                         meus
                         non
                         ignara
                         futuri
                         .
                      
                       
                         Corpore
                         (
                         quis
                         neget
                         hoc
                         ?
                         )
                         specioso
                         haec
                         templa
                         Jacobus
                      
                       
                         Donavit
                         praesul
                         (
                         pia
                         nam
                         decreta
                         bonorum
                      
                       
                         AEquivalent
                         factis
                         )
                         animam
                         Rex
                         ipse
                         Jacobus
                      
                       
                         (
                         Hoc
                         quoque
                         quis
                         dubitat
                         ?
                         )
                         tribuet
                         .
                         Deus
                         alme
                         Jacobi
                         ,
                      
                       
                         Decretis
                         benedic
                         factisque
                         utriusque
                         Jacobi
                         :
                      
                       
                         O
                         fortunatam
                         nimium
                         ,
                         bona
                         si
                         tua
                         noris
                         ,
                      
                       
                         Thermopolin
                         ,
                         tali
                         fruenis
                         quae
                         praesule
                         ,
                         Rege
                         l
                      
                       
                         Funde
                         Deo
                         summas
                         ex
                         imo
                         pectore
                         grates
                         ,
                      
                       
                         Et
                         cola
                         ,
                         perpetuo
                         pietatis
                         honore
                         ,
                         Jacobos
                         .
                      
                       
                         Quo
                         pede
                         Caepisti
                         ,
                         Praesul
                         dignissime
                         ,
                         pergas
                         .
                      
                    
                  
                   
                     
                       
                       
                         Episcopi
                         Responsio
                         .
                      
                       
                         CUpivi
                         dilu
                         has
                         ruinas
                         ,
                         &
                         haec
                         rudera
                         videre
                         ,
                         &
                         contemplari
                         ,
                         has
                         vero
                         ruinas
                         ,
                         &
                         haecrudera
                         videre
                         ,
                         &
                         contemplari
                         jam
                         dolet
                         .
                         Ingrediar
                         tamen
                         ,
                         sed
                         hoc
                         animo
                         ,
                         ut
                         nunquam
                         hoc
                         more
                         sim
                         reingressurus
                         ,
                         priusquam
                         isthaec
                         melius
                         tecta
                         videro
                         .
                      
                    
                     
                       
                         The
                         Bishops
                         Answer
                         .
                      
                       
                         I
                         Have
                         long
                         desired
                         to
                         see
                         and
                         contemplate
                         these
                         ruines
                         and
                         rubbish
                         ,
                         and
                         now
                         it
                         grieves
                         me
                         to
                         behold
                         them
                         .
                         However
                         ,
                         I
                         will
                         enter
                         ,
                         but
                         with
                         this
                         intent
                         ,
                         never
                         to
                         re-enter
                         ,
                         till
                         I
                         see
                         them
                         better
                         cover'd
                         .
                      
                    
                  
                
              
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               IV
            
             
               
                 Of
                 the
                 Roman
                 Antiquities
                 of
                 Bathe
                 .
              
            
             
               Roman
               Antiqulties
               of
               Bathe
               divided
               into
               three
               Sorts
               .
               An
               Enumeration
               and
               Explication
               of
               them
               Many
               read
               ,
               and
               understood
               otherwise
               ,
               then
               by
               Mr.
               Cambden
               .
               Some
               Additions
               .
               Roman
               Coins
               .
            
             
               THE
               Roman
               Antiquities
               ,
               Inscriptions
               and
               Images
               ,
               in
               the
               Walls
               and
               elsewhere
               of
               this
               City
               ,
               were
               taken
               notice
               of
               by
               Mr.
               Cambden
               at
               his
               being
               here
               ,
               and
               inserted
               into
               his
               Britannia
               :
               yet
               because
               some
               alterations
               have
               hapened
               to
               
               some
               of
               them
               since
               his
               time
               ,
               and
               others
               seem
               to
               me
               to
               be
               read
               and
               understood
               otherwise
               ,
               then
               he
               hath
               there
               represented
               them
               (
               not
               to
               mention
               what
               I
               have
               added
               ,
               not
               to
               be
               found
               in
               him
               )
               I
               shall
               give
               a
               brief
               account
               ,
               and
               what
               Explication
               I
               can
               ,
               of
               them
               all
               ,
               in
               order
               as
               they
               stand
               .
            
             
               I
               shall
               distribute
               them
               into
               three
               Sorts
               .
               Tbo●●
               that
               are
               between
               the
               South
               and
               West
               Gates
               ,
               Those
               that
               are
               between
               the
               West
               and
               North
               Gates
               ;
               And
               those
               in
               the
               Garden
               ,
               formerly
               
                 Robert
                 Chambers's
              
               ,
               now
               belonging
               to
               
                 William
                 Burvurd
              
               .
            
             
               The
               first
               ,
               of
               the
               first
               fort
               we
               meet
               withall
               ,
               (
               not
               taken
               notice
               of
               by
               Mr.
               Cambden
               )
               is
               the
               draught
               of
               a
               great
               Face
               ,
               (
               which
               yet
               I
               cannot
               affirm
               to
               be
               truly
               Roman
               )
               about
               a
               foot
               in
               bredth
               ,
               and
               near
               as
               much
               in
               length
               ,
               much
               resembling
               the
               Moon
               ,
               as
               it
               is
               usually
               drawn
               .
               Whether
               this
               was
               a
               memorial
               of
               the
               Idoll
               of
               some
               Pagan
               (
               which
               it
               not
               very
               likely
               )
               or
               rather
               set
               up
               in
               memory
               of
               some
               Gyagntick
               person
               ,
               whose
               parts
               were
               proportionable
               to
               this
               Face
               (
               which
               is
               more
               probable
               )
               I
               know
               not
               .
               Sure
               I
               am
               that
               England
               hath
               had
               those
               Sons
               of
               Anack
               as
               well
               as
               other
               Countries
               ,
               as
               ,
               besides
               Histories
               ,
               the
               prodigious
               Bones
               digged
               up
               in
               several
               places
               thereof
               ,
               do
               witness
               ;
               and
               particularly
               (
               seeing
               we
               are
               apt
               to
               suspect
               things
               done
               many
               years
               ago
               ,
               relations
               of
               this
               nature
               being
               not
               like
               Pictures
               ,
               
                 Quibwè
                 longinquo
                 reverentia
                 major
              
               )
               the
               entire
               Bones
               of
               a
               man
               of
               unusual
               dimensions
               ,
               found
               not
               20
               years
               since
               ,
               in
               Glocester-shire
               ,
               in
               a
               Field
               ,
               between
               Over
               ,
               and
               Thornbury
               ,
               do
               sufficiently
               evince
               .
            
             
               This
               Sceleton
               (
               as
               I
               heard
               it
               related
               by
               a
               credible
               
               Author
               ,
               who
               had
               it
               from
               an
               eye-witness
               )
               was
               inclosed
               within
               the
               body
               of
               a
               massie
               Stone
               ,
               so
               artificially
               cemented
               together
               ,
               that
               the
               joynts
               were
               indiscoverable
               .
               In
               the
               middle
               thereof
               (
               as
               it
               were
               in
               a
               Vault
               )
               sate
               the
               Bones
               of
               two
               persons
               ,
               one
               very
               great
               ,
               and
               the
               other
               less
               .
               The
               Scull
               of
               the
               greater
               was
               half
               an
               Inch
               thick
               ,
               and
               the
               Ulna
               ,
               as
               big
               as
               the
               Gentlemans
               Wrist
               ,
               who
               saw
               it
               (
               who
               yet
               is
               a
               corpulent
               man
               ,
               and
               hath
               none
               of
               the
               least
               )
               and
               as
               long
               as
               from
               his
               shoulder
               to
               his
               fingers
               ends
               .
               There
               were
               Inscriptions
               also
               ,
               and
               some
               Coins
               ,
               both
               Silver
               and
               Brass
               ,
               about
               ,
               and
               in
               it
               ,
               but
               what
               they
               were
               ,
               I
               cannot
               yet
               learn
               ,
               having
               not
               hitherto
               had
               the
               opportunity
               to
               see
               either
               the
               one
               ,
               or
               the
               other
               .
            
             
               Since
               the
               Relation
               of
               the
               former
               person
               ,
               having
               occasion
               lately
               to
               ride
               into
               that
               part
               of
               Gloucester-shire
               ,
               where
               the
               bones
               were
               found
               ,
               I
               received
               a
               Confirmation
               of
               it
               from
               two
               of
               the
               Sons
               of
               the
               Gentleman
               ,
               in
               whose
               ground
               ,
               and
               at
               whose
               great
               charges
               ,
               they
               were
               discoverd
               ,
               the
               Father
               being
               dead
               some
               fout
               years
               since
               ;
               only
               with
               this
               difference
               ,
               that
               whereas
               the
               former
               Relator
               intimated
               the
               Bone
               ,
               mentioned
               before
               ,
               to
               be
               the
               Ulna
               ,
               or
               the
               Radius
               ,
               they
               apprehend
               it
               rather
               to
               be
               to
               the
               
                 Os
                 Humeri
              
               ,
               or
               Bone
               from
               the
               Soulder
               to
               the
               Elbow
               ,
               which
               they
               affirmed
               to
               have
               been
               as
               long
               as
               from
               the
               Elbow
               of
               any
               ordinary
               man
               to
               his
               Fingers
               ends
               ,
               or
               the
               length
               of
               that
               Bone
               usually
               and
               half
               the
               Ulna
               or
               Radius
               .
            
             
               Also
               ,
               that
               both
               the
               Sceletons
               were
               of
               extraordinary
               dimensions
               but
               one
               bigger
               then
               the
               other
               ,
               &
               not
               both
               in
               one
               Sepulch●e
               or
               Vault
               ,
               but
               two
               distinct
               ones
               ,
               distant
               about
               2
               yard
               each
               from
               other
               .
               
               The
               Vault
               of
               the
               greater
               was
               not
               above
               five
               foot
               long
               ,
               in
               the
               form
               ,
               (
               according
               to
               their
               resemblance
               )
               of
               a
               Jews-harp
               ,
               narrow
               at
               the
               Feet
               ,
               and
               broader
               about
               the
               Seat
               :
               so
               that
               this
               body
               must
               sit
               ,
               being
               judged
               by
               some
               intelligent
               persons
               that
               saw
               it
               ,
               to
               have
               been
               a
               man
               of
               nine
               foot
               in
               heighth
               .
               The
               other
               was
               longer
               ,
               and
               the
               Bones
               supposed
               to
               lie
               at
               length
               ,
               yet
               very
               little
               within
               the
               ground
               ;
               having
               both
               great
               stones
               about
               and
               over
               them
               ,
               in
               the
               manner
               of
               a
               Tomb.
               
            
             
               After
               I
               had
               received
               their
               Information
               ,
               they
               were
               pleas'd
               for
               my
               further
               satisfaction
               ,
               to
               accompany
               me
               to
               the
               place
               ,
               about
               a
               quarter
               of
               a
               mile
               from
               their
               house
               ,
               in
               an
               Inclosure
               ,
               hard
               by
               the
               high-way
               side
               ,
               now
               made
               meadow
               ground
               ,
               where
               I
               saw
               one
               Stone
               ,
               which
               was
               at
               the
               entrance
               of
               the
               Vault
               of
               the
               greater
               Sceleton
               ,
               standing
               in
               the
               same
               place
               it
               was
               first
               set
               ,
               about
               4
               foot
               above
               the
               ground
               ;
               to
               which
               the
               other
               Stones
               did
               Answer
               :
               so
               that
               the
               length
               being
               five
               foot
               ,
               and
               the
               heighth
               four
               ,
               confirms
               the
               Conjecture
               of
               the
               Stature
               of
               the
               Body
               mentioned
               before
               .
            
             
               The
               Tomb-stone
               that
               lay
               over
               the
               greater
               person
               ,
               of
               an
               uneven
               ,
               and
               (
               as
               I
               may
               term
               it
               )
               mazzardy
               surface
               ,
               was
               so
               vast
               and
               weighty
               ,
               that
               it
               was
               a
               business
               of
               great
               difficulty
               and
               labour
               to
               remove
               it
               ;
               of
               a
               grayish
               colour
               without
               ,
               but
               reddish
               within
               ,
               and
               in
               many
               places
               studded
               with
               a
               bright
               shining
               Stone
               ,
               somewhat
               resembling
               the
               Stones
               ot
               St.
               Vincents
               Rock
               near
               Bristow
               .
            
             
               I
               cannot
               understand
               by
               them
               there
               were
               any
               Inscriptions
               ,
               and
               but
               two
               or
               three
               Coins
               ,
               one
               having
               a
               Falcon
               (
               as
               they
               called
               it
               )
               which
               might
               be
               a
               Roman
               Eagle
               ;
               another
               a
               Caesars
               Head
               ,
               with
               
               a
               wreath
               of
               Lawrel
               about
               it
               ,
               supposed
               to
               be
               the
               Head
               of
               Claudius
               the
               Emperour
               .
            
             
               The
               common
               report
               there
               is
               ,
               that
               it
               was
               the
               Tomb
               of
               
                 Off
                 a
              
               ,
               King
               of
               Mercia
               ,
               who
               yet
               was
               one
               of
               the
               middle
               Kings
               of
               the
               Saxons
               ,
               and
               lived
               neer
               250
               years
               alter
               the
               Romans
               departed
               out
               of
               Britain
               ,
               of
               whose
               extraordinary
               stature
               ,
               I
               know
               no
               Historian
               that
               takes
               any
               notice
               .
               It
               seems
               to
               have
               been
               a
               Golgotha
               ,
               or
               common
               place
               of
               Burial
               ,
               in
               those
               times
               ,
               the
               ground
               thereabouts
               ,
               in
               a
               round
               ,
               or
               rather
               an
               Oval
               figure
               ,
               for
               neer
               half
               an
               Acre
               ,
               affording
               great
               plenty
               of
               other
               Bones
               ,
               and
               the
               place
               bearing
               the
               name
               of
               Bone-hill
               .
               The
               time
               of
               it's
               discovery
               was
               about
               the
               year
               1652.
               
               Whether
               this
               great
               person
               were
               a
               Roman
               ,
               or
               a
               Saxon
               ,
               is
               not
               very
               easie
               to
               determine
               ;
               if
               a
               Roman
               ,
               't
               is
               much
               they
               should
               here
               ,
               contrary
               to
               their
               common
               Custom
               ,
               both
               preserve
               the
               Bones
               ,
               and
               leave
               no
               Inscription
               ,
               and
               if
               Saxon
               ,
               't
               is
               as
               different
               to
               solve
               the
               Phaenomenon
               of
               the
               Roman
               Coins
               ,
               being
               hot
               accidentally
               found
               among
               other
               rubbish
               ,
               but
               in
               the
               Sepulchre
               it self
               .
               However
               ,
               whether
               
                 Roman
                 ,
                 Saxon
              
               ,
               or
               other
               ,
               which
               I
               shall
               not
               at
               this
               time
               any
               further
               dispute
               ,
               it
               is
               enough
               for
               my
               present
               purpose
               that
               it
               was
               a
               body
               of
               more
               then
               ordinary
               dimensions
               ,
               and
               exceeding
               the
               heigth
               of
               an
               ordinary
               man
               in
               those
               times
               by
               3
               foot
               ,
               that
               is
               higher
               by
               the
               half
               then
               most
               men
               now
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               A
               Foot-man
               with
               a
               Spear
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               A
               Foot-Soldier
               brandishing
               his
               Sword
               ,
               and
               bearing
               out
               his
               Shield
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               Two
               kissing
               and
               clipping
               one
               another
               ,
               which
               by
               the
               Crook
               in
               the
               right
               hand
               of
               one
               ,
               
               seems
               to
               be
               the
               remembrance
               of
               the
               kindness
               of
               a
               Shepherd
               to
               his
               Mistris
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               A
               naked
               man
               laying
               hold
               of
               a
               Soldier
               ,
               which
               may
               represent
               an
               insulting
               Roman
               ,
               apprehending
               a
               poor
               ,
               distressed
               ,
               and
               captivated
               Britain
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               Upon
               a
               Stone
               ,
               with
               Letters
               standing
               overthwart
               ,
               This
               Inscription
               :
            
             
               
                 ILIA
                 
                 ILIA
              
            
             
               This
               seems
               to
               have
               been
               part
               of
               the
               Monument
               of
               some
               Strumpet
               ,
               ILIA
               ,
               if
               I
               erre
               not
               in
               my
               conjecture
               ,
               being
               the
               Relict
               of
               IVLIA
               ,
               Wife
               to
               
                 Sèptimus
                 Severus
              
               ,
               of
               whose
               Lewdnes
               
                 AElius
                 Spartianus
              
               gives
               an
               account
               in
               the
               life
               of
               that
               Emperour
               ;
               and
               ILIA
               to
               be
               understood
               of
               Ilia
               the
               Mother
               of
               Romulus
               ,
               concerning
               whom
               (
               omitting
               
                 Ovid
                 ,
                 Juvenal
              
               ,
               and
               others
               )
               that
               make
               mention
               of
               her
               Chastity
               )
               I
               shall
               content
               my self
               with
               the
               single
               testimony
               of
               Horace
               ,
               who
               brings
               in
               Lydia
               ,
               his
               Courtezan
               ,
               making
               him
               this
               reply
               ;
               
                 
                   Dones
                   non
                   aliae
                   magis
                
                 
                   Arsisti
                   ,
                   neque
                   er
                   at
                   Lydia
                   post
                   Chloen
                   ,
                
                 
                   Multi
                   Lydia
                   nominis
                
                 
                   Romana
                   vigni
                   clarior
                   
                     Ilia
                     ,
                     Id
                     est
                  
                   ,
                
              
               
                 
                   Whil'st
                   to
                   Thee
                   none
                   else
                   was
                   dear
                
                 
                   And
                   Thou
                   to
                   me
                   didst
                   not
                   prefer
                   ,
                
                 
                   Cloe
                   ,
                   then
                   I
                   great
                   of
                   Name
                
                 
                   Did
                   outstrip
                   the
                   Roman
                   Dame.
                   
                   
                
              
            
             
               
                 VIBIA
                 IVCVNDA
                 
                 H.
                 S.
                 E.
                 
                 
              
            
             
               It
               being
               by
               them
               accounted
               somewhat
               absurd
               ,
               that
               those
               who
               had
               so
               great
               a
               name
               whil'st
               they
               liv'd
               ,
               should
               be
               destitute
               of
               one
               ,
               when
               dead
               .
            
             
               Another
               thing
               that
               inclines
               me
               to
               this
               opininion
               also
               ,
               is
               ,
               a
               Hare
               ,
               a
               venereous
               creature
               ,
               and
               embleme
               of
               Lust
               :
               witness
               that
               question
               in
               the
               Comaedian
               ,
               
                 Tute
                 lepus
                 &
                 :
                 pulpamentum
                 quaeris
              
               ?
               unto
               which
               these
               letters
               were
               formerly
               annexed
               ;
               for
               in
               Mr.
               Cambdens
               time
               it
               was
               here
               running
               ,
               but
               since
               this
               light-foot
               is
               run
               quite
               away
               .
            
             
               7.
               
               Two
               Roman
               heads
               ,
               one
               within
               the
               Cope
               of
               the
               wall
               ,
               and
               another
               in
               the
               outside
               thereof
               ,
               hard
               by
               ,
               whereof
               that
               within
               the
               Cope
               of
               the
               wall
               ,
               hath
               an
               ear
               standing
               up
               ,
               somewhat
               like
               the
               ear
               of
               horse
               .
            
             
               
                 III.
                 VS
                 .
                 ISA.
                 
                 IS
                 .
                 VXSC.
                 
              
            
             
             
               9.
               
               As
               for
               Medusa's
               head
               ,
               with
               hair
               all
               snakes
               ,
               I
               cannot
               upon
               the
               best
               ,
               enquiry
               I
               can
               make
               ,
               find
               it
               out
               ,
               unless
               Mr.
               Cambden
               meant
               that
               little
               Image
               close
               by
               the
               West-gate
               ,
               which
               seems
               now
               rather
               to
               be
               one
               ,
               with
               hands
               listed
               up
               ,
               and
               meeting
               above
               the
               head
               ,
               as
               it
               were
               rejoycing
               .
            
             
               10.
               
               Neither
               doth
               Ophiucus
               occur
               to
               me
               ,
               which
               I
               am
               apt
               to
               think
               that
               learned
               Antiquarian
               ,
               in
               haste
               ,
               might
               mistake
               ,
               for
               something
               between
               the
               loving
               couple
               and
               the
               naked
               man
               ,
               like
               a
               Rose
               ,
               with
               a
               branch
               about
               it
               ,
               resembling
               a
               Serpent
               .
            
             
               
                 VRN
                 
                 IOP
                 .
              
            
             
               2.
               
               The
               next
               is
               a
               Monument
               of
               one
               of
               the
               children
               of
               two
               Romans
               ,
               
                 Mulus
                 &
                 Victisarina
              
               ,
               with
               a
               longer
               ,
               and
               exactly
               Roman
               Inscription
               ,
               in
               a
               Sepulchre
               Table
               ,
               between
               two
               little
               Images
               ,
               whereof
               the
               one
               holds
               the
               horn
               of
               Amalihaa
               ,
               the
               other
               flourisheth
               a
               Banner
               .
               The
               Inscription
               which
               I
               read
               somewhat
               different
               from
               Mr.
               Cambden
               ,
               is
               this
               :
            
             
               
                 D
                 M
                 
                 SVCC
                 :
                 PETRONIAEVIX
                 
                 ANN.
                 III.M.III.D.IXV.TO
                 
                 MVLVS·ETVICTISARINA
                 :
                 
                 FIL.
                 KAR·FEC
                 :
              
            
             
               i.e.
               To
               the
               dead
               Ghost
               of
               
                 Succ.
                 Petronia
              
               ,
               who
               lived
               3
               years
               4
               moneths
               ,
               and
               14
               daies
               ,
               
                 Mulus
                 &
                 Victisarina
              
               ,
               in
               memory
               of
               their
               dear
               Child
               ,
               made
               this
               .
               What
               that
               EO
               at
               the
               end
               of
               the
               second
               line
               is
               ,
               unless
               put
               for
               
                 Et
                 mo
              
               ,
               and
               signifies
               
                 Et
                 moritur
              
               ,
               I
               cannot
               at
               the
               present
               conjecture
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               Hercules
               bearing
               his
               left
               hand
               aloft
               ,
               with
               a
               Club
               in
               his
               right
               hand
               .
               Yet
               I
               leave
               it
               to
               others
               to
               judge
               ,
               whether
               it
               may
               not
               something
               resemble
               one
               of
               those
               little
               Images
               mentioned
               but
               now
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               The
               last
               I
               observe
               ,
               and
               neerest
               to
               the
               North-gate
               ,
               is
               a
               memorial
               of
               a
               Roman
               Senator
               of
               the
               Colony
               of
               Glocester
               ,
               a
               City
               built
               by
               the
               Romans
               ,
               who
               also
               placed
               there
               a
               Colony
               called
               
                 Colonia
                 Glevum
              
               .
               
               The
               Inscription
               after
               this
               manner
               .
            
             
               
                 DEC
                 .
                 COLONIAE
                 GLEV.
                 
                 VIXIT
                 AN.
                 LXXXVI
              
            
             
               
                 i.e.
                 Decurioni
                 Coloniae
                 Glevi
                 ,
                 vixit
                 An.
              
               86.
               yet
               in
               the
               stone
               ,
               after
               the
               figures
               LXXX
               .
               I
               observe
               a
               Q
               ,
               in
               this
               sort
               ,
               LXXX●VI
               .
               which
               seems
               to
               be
               without
               some
               signification
               .
               If
               I
               may
               be
               allowed
               the
               liberty
               of
               a
               conjecture
               ,
               I
               suppose
               it
               might
               be
               put
               for
               quluque
               ,
               and
               ought
               to
               be
               read
               LXXX●VINQ
               .
               There
               being
               room
               enough
               for
               ,
               and
               as
               it
               were
               the
               marks
               of
               two
               other
               letters
               ,
               N
               and
               Q
               ,
               and
               the
               party
               aged
               85
               ,
               not
               86.
               
            
             
               And
               whereas
               I
               render
               Decurio
               a
               Senator
               ,
               I
               pitch
               on
               this
               signification
               of
               the
               word
               ,
               as
               most
               proper
               here
               ,
               of
               which
               Rosenus
               gives
               the
               reason
               ;
               
                 Senatores
                 in
                 Coloniis
                 ,
                 ut
                 etiam
                 in
                 Municipiis
                 ,
                 Decurionos
                 vocabantur
                 ,
                 eam
                 ob
                 causam
                 ,
                 quod
                 Pomponio
                 ●C
                 .
                 
                 Auctore
                 ,
                 decima
                 pars
                 corum
                 qui
                 deduocrentur
                 ,
                 publici
                 consilii
                 gratia
                 ,
                 sit
                 solita
                 conseribi
                 .
              
               I
               know
               Festus
               mentions
               another
               ,
               and
               more
               usual
               signification
               of
               the
               word
               ,
               to
               wit
               ,
               an
               Officer
               over
               ten
               horse-men
               .
               
                 Decuriones
                 ,
                 inquit
                 ,
                 appellantur
                 ,
                 quis
                 denis
                 equitibus
                 praesunt
              
               ;
               of
               which
               ,
               if
               any
               one
               please
               to
               understand
               it
               ,
               he
               shall
               have
               my
               leave
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               As
               for
               leaves
               folded
               in
               ,
               and
               Hercules
               streining
               two
               snakes
               ,
               I
               cannot
               be
               so
               fortunate
               yet
               ,
               (
               though
               my
               search
               hath
               been
               particular
               )
               to
               light
               upon
               it
               .
            
             
               The
               Antiquities
               in
               the
               Garden
               are
               only
               two
               
               Inscriptions
               in
               two
               Grave-stones
               ,
               with
               their
               Urns
               :
               The
               one
               an
               Epitaph
               of
               
                 Cains
                 Murrius
              
               ,
               of
               the
               tribe
               called
               Arniensis
               ,
               (
               the
               25
               tribe
               among
               the
               Romans
               ,
               so
               called
               from
               Arnus
               ,
               a
               River
               in
               Tuscany
               ,
               as
               
                 Car.
                 Sigonius
              
               ,
               and
               
                 On.
                 Panvinius
              
               relate
               ;
               a
               modest
               pleader
               in
               the
               Julian
               Court
               ,
               a
               Souldier
               of
               the
               second
               Legion
               ,
               and
               continuing
               in
               pay
               25
               years
               .
               The
               Inscription
               as
               follows
               .
            
             
               
                 C.
                 MURRIVS
                 
                 C.
                 F.
                 ARNIENSIS
                 
                 FORO
                 .
                 IVLI.
                 MO
                 
                 DESTVS
                 .
                 MIL
                 
                 LEG
                 .
                 II.
                 AD.
                 P.
                 F.
                 
                 IVLI.
                 SECVNDI
                 .
                 
                 AN.
                 XXV
                 .
                 ST●●
                 
                 H
                 ●
              
            
             
               2.
               
               The
               other
               ,
               an
               Epitaph
               of
               
                 Marcus
                 Valerius
              
               ,
               a
               Latin
               ,
               (
               for
               so
               I
               read
               ,
               and
               not
               Eatinus
               ,
               as
               Mr.
               C.
               a
               Souldier
               of
               Augustus
               his
               Legion
               (
               if
               not
               the
               xx
               )
               35
               years
               of
               age
               ,
               and
               20
               years
               in
               pay
               .
               The
               true
               Copy
               thus
               :
            
             
               
                 DIS
                 .
                 MANIBVS
                 
                 MVALERIVS
                 .
                 M.
                 
                 SOL.
                 LATINVS
                 .
                 C.
                 EQ
                 
                 MIIES
                 .
                 LEG
                 .
                 
                   monogram resembling V imposed on inverted V
                
                 AN.
                 
                 XXXV
                 .
                 STIPEN
                 .
                 XX.
                 
                 H·
                 S·
                 E·
              
            
             
               Where
               it
               may
               be
               noted
               by
               the
               way
               ,
               that
               this
               man
               had
               some
               favour
               to
               be
               admitted
               at
               15
               years
               of
               age
               
               ,
               when
               as
               the
               usual
               time
               of
               listing
               Souldiers
               was
               not
               till
               17.
               
               Also
               ,
               whether
               C.
               EQ
               .
               be
               to
               be
               read
               ,
               as
               some
               would
               have
               it
               ,
               
                 Cohortis
                 Equitum
              
               ,
               I
               somewhat
               doubt
               ,
               the
               
                 Copia
                 pedestres
              
               ,
               or
               foot
               ,
               commonly
               among
               the
               Romans
               ,
               being
               divided
               in
               
                 Cohortes
                 ,
                 Manipulos
                 &
                 Centurias
              
               ,
               the
               Equestres
               ,
               or
               Horse
               ,
               
                 in
                 Turmas
                 &
                 Decurias
              
               .
            
             
               Many
               Roman
               Coins
               are
               also
               found
               in
               these
               parts
               two
               of
               which
               I
               have
               by
               me
               ,
               digged
               up
               at
               Walcott
               (
               whence
               the
               two
               last
               Inscriptions
               came
               )
               in
               the
               same
               house
               with
               the
               Inscription
               of
               Vibia
               before-mentioned
               .
               The
               one
               neer
               1600
               years
               old
               ,
               being
               a
               Brass-piece
               of
               Vespasians
               ,
               in
               which
               all
               the
               letters
               on
               the
               face
               side
               are
               decayed
               ,
               except
               AES
               .
               VES
               ,
               and
               some
               marks
               of
               PAS
               .
               on
               the
               reverse
               ,
               
               PIETAS
               AUGUSTI
               (
               as
               I
               think
               )
               the
               three
               former
               letters
               of
               Pietas
               being
               very
               obscure
               )
               with
               an
               Image
               between
               S
               C.
               signifying
               
                 Senatus
                 Consultum
              
               .
               
               The
               second
               ,
               some
               200
               years
               after
               ,
               bearing
               the
               name
               of
               Carausius
               ,
               who
               in
               the
               time
               of
               Dioclesian
               and
               Maximian
               Emperors
               ,
               took
               upon
               him
               the
               Imperial
               Ensigns
               ,
               and
               seized
               Britian
               .
               
               
               The
               Circumscription
               thus
               :
               
                 C.
                 CARAVSIVS
                 P.F.
                 AVG.
              
               on
               the
               other
               side
               ,
               
                 PAX
                 AVG.
              
               and
               under
               an
               Image
               ,
               MLXX.
               which
               I
               suppose
               to
               be
               the
               year
               
                 ab
                 Hrbe
                 Condita
              
               .
            
          
           
             
               CHAP.
               V.
               
            
             
               
                 Of
                 the
                 Nature
                 ,
                 Use
                 ,
                 and
                 Virtues
                 of
                 the
                 Baths
                 .
              
            
             
               Baths
               of
               Bath
               much
               of
               the
               nature
               of
               the
               
                 Thermae
                 Aquenses
              
               in
               Germany
               .
               Certain
               Parallels
               between
               .
               Bath
               and
               
                 Akin
                 Bladud
              
               in
               some
               measure
               vindicated
               .
            
             
               I
               Come
               now
               to
               speak
               something
               of
               the
               Nature
               ,
               Use
               ,
               and
               Vertues
               of
               the
               Baths
               .
               And
               here
               it
               cannot
               be
               expected
               I
               should
               say
               much
               ,
               because
               my
               experience
               of
               them
               as
               yet
               hath
               been
               but
               little
               ,
               and
               the
               Observations
               I
               have
               made
               seem
               fitter
               ,
               (
               as
               they
               are
               intended
               )
               for
               a
               foundation
               to
               a
               greater
               work
               ,
               (
               which
               time
               ,
               and
               variety
               of
               experiments
               must
               compleat
               )
               then
               ,
               at
               the
               present
               to
               be
               communicated
               to
               the
               publick
               .
               And
               to
               make
               some
               compensation
               for
               my
               brevity
               in
               this
               thing
               (
               which
               is
               justly
               deemed
               the
               most
               material
               of
               all
               other
               )
               I
               shall
               take
               the
               boldness
               to
               engage
               ,
               as
               soon
               as
               time
               and
               opportunity
               shall
               permit
               ,
               to
               
               make
               a
               through
               search
               into
               the
               cause
               of
               the
               Heat
               ,
               Nature
               ,
               and
               efficacious
               operations
               of
               the
               Baths
               ,
               and
               perhaps
               give
               a
               more
               satisfactory
               account
               of
               the
               former
               ,
               than
               yet
               hath
               been
               given
               by
               any
               ;
               and
               for
               the
               later
               ,
               I
               shall
               not
               build
               on
               the
               hay
               and
               stubble
               of
               the
               talk
               and
               relations
               of
               persons
               byass'd
               and
               concern'd
               ,
               but
               on
               the
               solid
               basis
               of
               reason
               ,
               observation
               and
               experience
               .
               In
               the
               mean
               time
               ,
               as
               I
               would
               not
               seem
               ridiculous
               to
               some
               ,
               treating
               too
               largely
               of
               what
               I
               have
               not
               yet
               made
               a
               clear
               inspection
               into
               ,
               so
               I
               would
               not
               be
               accounted
               absurd
               by
               others
               ,
               in
               wholly
               waving
               the
               principal
               part
               of
               my
               Subject
               .
            
             
               To
               offer
               then
               a
               course
               bit
               to
               the
               eager
               appetite
               ,
               till
               time
               shall
               favour
               us
               with
               a
               better
               treat
               ;
               I
               conceive
               that
               the
               Baths
               of
               Bath
               come
               very
               neer
               the
               nature
               of
               the
               Aqueuses
               in
               Germany
               ,
               the
               knowledge
               of
               which
               may
               be
               a
               great
               help
               to
               the
               better
               understanding
               of
               our
               own
               .
               I
               shall
               therefore
               ,
               out
               of
               the
               succinct
               ,
               but
               pithy
               discourse
               of
               these
               waters
               ,
               composed
               by
               the
               learned
               and
               Judicious
               Physitian
               
                 Fran.
                 Fabritius
                 Ruremundanus
              
               ,
               sometime
               Physitian
               there
               ,
               take
               notice
               of
               some
               Parallels
               between
               that
               place
               and
               Bath
               ,
               in
               which
               ,
               besides
               many
               pretty
               remarkable
               Coincidences
               ,
               the
               nature
               of
               the
               Countrey
               ,
               and
               parts
               adjacent
               ,
               is
               in
               some
               measure
               discovered
               .
            
             
               The
               first
               is
               ,
               that
               Histories
               relate
               ,
               that
               the
               Hot
               Waters
               there
               were
               found
               out
               by
               a
               Prince
               ,
               one
               Granus
               ,
               brother
               ,
               as
               t
               is
               said
               ,
               to
               Nero
               the
               Roman
               Emperor
               ;
               who
               first
               discovering
               these
               Baths
               ,
               among
               the
               mountains
               and
               woods
               ,
               built
               a
               Castle
               ,
               and
               dwelt
               there
               ,
               of
               which
               ,
               in
               the
               Authors
               time
               ,
               there
               was
               a
               monument
               standing
               ,
               called
               
                 Turris
                 Grani.
              
               
            
             
             
               Secondly
               ,
               That
               the
               City
               was
               called
               by
               the
               name
               of
               the
               Waters
               ,
               to
               wit
               ,
               
                 Aquae
                 Granis
              
               ,
               which
               some
               improperly
               call
               
                 Aquisgranum
                 .
                 Ab
                 incolis
                 Aquoe
                 Grani
                 appellatae
                 sunt
                 ,
                 cum
                 Thermae
                 ,
                 tum
                 locus
                 ipse
                 ,
                 deducto
                 scil
                 .
                 nomine
                 ab
                 Aquis
                 Calidis
                 ,
                 &
                 Grano
                 repertore
                 ,
                 mansitque
                 appellatio
                 postea
                 &
                 Urbi
                 ,
                 nisi
                 quod
                 quidam
                 non
                 satis
                 apte
                 immuta
                 inflexione
                 ,
                 Aquisgranum
                 appellent
                 .
              
               The
               Inhabitants
               saith
               Ruremundanus
               ,
               call
               the
               Place
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               the
               Waters
               ,
               
                 Aquae
                 Grani
              
               ,
               by
               a
               name
               drawn
               from
               the
               Hot
               Waters
               ,
               and
               Granus
               the
               Founder
               ,
               which
               name
               afterwards
               the
               City
               had
               ,
               but
               that
               some
               ,
               not
               so
               properly
               ,
               changing
               the
               termination
               ,
               call
               it
               Aquisgran
               .
            
             
               Thirdly
               ,
               That
               the
               City
               is
               
                 sita
                 in
                 valle
                 ,
                 &
                 monlibus
                 circumquaque
                 cincta
                 ,
              
               seated
               in
               a
               bottom
               ,
               and
               encompassed
               about
               with
               Hills
               .
               That
               the
               Hills
               (
               besides
               Wood
               for
               Fire
               and
               Timber
               )
               contain
               Quarries
               of
               Stone
               for
               Building
               .
               That
               cold
               Springs
               arise
               within
               &
               without
               the
               City
               in
               great
               abundance
               .
               That
               at
               some
               distance
               off
               is
               found
               Lead
               ,
               and
               a
               Bituminous
               Earth
               ,
               which
               mine
               Author
               calls
               
                 Terra
                 nigra
                 ,
                 foco
                 culinaria
                 aptissima
                 .
              
               That
               in
               the
               City
               are
               two
               Chief
               Bathes
               ,
               The
               one
               called
               the
               Kings
               ,
               the
               other
               the
               Cornelian
               .
               
               In
               the
               Suburbs
               ,
               not
               far
               from
               the
               South
               Gate
               ,
               are
               more
               Hot
               springs
               ,
               called
               ,
               from
               the
               abundance
               of
               Hogs
               that
               are
               there
               about
               ,
               the
               
                 Porcetan
                 Bathes
              
               ,
               which
               being
               not
               so
               powerfull
               as
               the
               rest
               ,
               are
               less
               used
               .
               And
               lastly
               ,
               that
               I
               may
               mention
               something
               that
               would
               be
               advantageous
               to
               both
               ,
               and
               both
               do
               want
               ,
               viz.
               
                 a
                 Navigable
                 River
              
               ,
               which
               saies
               Rurem
               .
               would
               compleat
               its
               happiness
               .
               Nibil
               ,
               
               
                 inquit
                 ,
                 ad
                 faelicitatem
                 deesse
                 videtur
                 ,
                 quam
                 Navigabilis
                 Fluvius
                 .
              
            
             
               Now
               to
               give
               you
               the
               Counter-part
               of
               the
               parallel
               :
               'T
               is
               obvious
               to
               observe
               ,
               that
               to
               the
               first
               corresponds
               the
               History
               of
               King
               Bladud
               ,
               which
               seems
               not
               to
               be
               so
               fabulous
               ,
               as
               many
               men
               imagine
               .
               For
               ,
               probably
               ,
               many
               Relations
               we
               have
               of
               persons
               ,
               and
               things
               ,
               and
               of
               those
               elder
               times
               ,
               when
               ignorance
               so
               much
               prevail'd
               ,
               and
               men
               had
               little
               subtilty
               in
               their
               actions
               ,
               and
               less
               politeness
               in
               their
               speech
               ,
               may
               have
               much
               of
               truth
               in
               them
               ,
               though
               they
               now
               seem
               odd
               ,
               and
               rediculous
               to
               us
               .
               And
               I
               am
               apt
               to
               think
               ,
               that
               many
               old
               Realities
               do
               suffer
               much
               ,
               on
               no
               other
               account
               then
               to
               the
               temper
               ,
               and
               genius
               of
               those
               times
               .
               Just
               as
               't
               is
               reported
               of
               some
               old
               women
               in
               Lancashire
               ,
               that
               they
               go
               for
               Witches
               ,
               meerly
               because
               they
               look
               like
               such
               .
               Not
               considering
               ,
               that
               a
               great
               deal
               less
               time
               then
               2000
               years
               ,
               hath
               made
               considerable
               alterations
               ,
               in
               the
               manners
               ,
               lives
               ,
               and
               customs
               of
               men
               .
            
             
               And
               whereas
               King
               Bladud
               had
               the
               name
               of
               a
               Magitian
               ,
               I
               look
               upon
               it
               as
               a
               greater
               argument
               of
               his
               more
               then
               ordinary
               learning
               ,
               then
               note
               of
               reproach
               ,
               the
               wisest
               men
               in
               those
               times
               ,
               and
               long
               after
               to
               ,
               being
               reputed
               such
               ,
               and
               he
               recorded
               a
               wife
               and
               eloquent
               Philosopher
               ,
               and
               Mathematian
               ,
               accomplish't
               (
               as
               the
               times
               then
               would
               bear
               )
               with
               treasures
               of
               forrein
               ,
               and
               domestick
               knowledge
               ,
               having
               spent
               in
               Study
               ,
               (
               as
               is
               reported
               )
               besides
               many
               ,
               doubtless
               ,
               afterwards
               ,
               in
               his
               own
               Countrey
               ,
               eleven
               years
               in
               his
               Minority
               ,
               at
               Athens
               ,
               Of
               whom
               that
               you
               may
               receive
               a
               more
               
               particular
               account
               ,
               I
               shall
               not
               think
               much
               to
               give
               you
               the
               English
               of
               what
               
                 J.
                 Bate
              
               in
               his
               Book
               
                 De
                 Scriptoribus
                 Anglicis
              
               ,
               writeth
               of
               him
               .
               Bladud
               surnamed
               the
               Magician
               ,
               the
               10th
               King
               of
               the
               Britains
               ,
               was
               sent
               in
               his
               Youth
               ,
               to
               the
               famous
               City
               of
               Athens
               in
               Greece
               ,
               there
               to
               be
               instructed
               in
               Philosophy
               ,
               and
               the
               Liberal
               Sciences
               .
               And
               when
               he
               had
               there
               studied
               a
               certain
               time
               ,
               hearing
               of
               the
               death
               of
               Ludhudebras
               his
               Father
               ,
               he
               returned
               home
               again
               ,
               bringing
               with
               him
               four
               expert
               Masters
               in
               many
               Sciences
               ,
               not
               thinking
               it
               meet
               that
               his
               Countrey
               should
               lack
               any
               longer
               such
               singular
               ornaments
               of
               Learning
               as
               they
               were
               .
               These
               Philosophers
               ,
               as
               Merlin
               writeth
               ,
               he
               placed
               at
               Stamford
               ,
               in
               a
               very
               pleasant
               Soyl
               ,
               and
               made
               Schools
               for
               them
               ,
               to
               the
               intent
               they
               should
               there
               read
               the
               liberal
               Sciences
               ,
               where
               they
               had
               many
               times
               a
               great
               Audiences
               .
               He
               was
               a
               man
               very
               cunning
               and
               skilfull
               ,
               as
               well
               in
               Prophane
               Sciences
               of
               the
               Gentiles
               ,
               as
               in
               all
               Wisdom
               and
               Knowledge
               that
               the
               Graecians
               excelled
               in
               ;
               but
               especially
               studious
               and
               very
               well
               seen
               in
               the
               Mathematical
               Arts
               and
               Sciences
               ,
               whereupon
               one
               of
               the
               Sybils
               ,
               that
               lived
               in
               his
               time
               ,
               wrote
               and
               dedicated
               unto
               him
               a
               Book
               of
               Prophesies
               .
               Some
               affirmed
               that
               the
               same
               Bladud
               built
               the
               City
               of
               Bathe
               ,
               and
               therein
               made
               by
               a
               wonderfull
               Art
               ,
               certain
               Hot
               Bathes
               ,
               for
               the
               use
               and
               commodity
               of
               the
               people
               ,
               which
               do
               yet
               remain
               to
               this
               day
               ,
               committing
               the
               Conservation
               thereof
               to
               the
               Goddess
               Minerva
               ,
               in
               whose
               honour
               be
               caused
               a
               Temple
               to
               be
               there
               erected
               ,
               to
               the
               intent
               ,
               that
               being
               preferred
               by
               so
               mighty
               a
               Goddess
               ,
               they
               should
               never
               fail
               ,
               but
               
               continue
               for
               ever
               ,
               they
               write
               also
               ,
               how
               that
               he
               read
               and
               taught
               Necromancy
               throughout
               all
               his
               Realm
               .
               But
               these
               things
               I
               suppose
               are
               seigned
               matters
               .
            
             
               To
               the
               second
               particular
               answers
               the
               Name
               of
               Bathe
               ,
               taken
               from
               the
               Waters
               .
               For
               this
               Name
               ,
               as
               is
               noted
               before
               ,
               was
               given
               to
               the
               City
               ,
               some
               time
               after
               its
               foundation
               ,
               when
               the
               Hot
               Waters
               came
               into
               greater
               request
               ,
               being
               called
               first
               ,
               after
               the
               name
               of
               the
               Founder
               ,
               
                 Caer
                 Blaeidin
              
               .
            
             
               To
               the
               third
               ,
               agrees
               the
               situation
               of
               Bathe
               ,
               being
               exactly
               the
               same
               .
               To
               the
               fourth
               ,
               the
               Quarries
               of
               Stone
               ,
               upon
               
                 Claverton
                 Down
                 ,
                 Horse-comb
              
               ,
               &c.
               
               To
               the
               fifth
               ,
               the
               Springs
               of
               Cornwall
               in
               
                 Wallcot-fields
                 ,
                 Beechenclift
              
               ,
               &c.
               
               To
               the
               sixth
               ,
               
                 Timsbury
                 ,
                 Burnet
              
               ,
               (
               and
               though
               the
               distance
               be
               somewhat
               greater
               )
               Mendip-Hills
               .
               To
               the
               seventh
               ,
               the
               
                 Kings
                 Bathe
              
               ,
               with
               its
               apperdage
               ,
               the
               Queens
               and
               Cross-Bath
               .
               To
               the
               last
               ,
               the
               Horse-Bath
               ,
               without
               the
               South-Gate
               ,
               doth
               in
               some
               measure
               ,
               answer
               ,
               though
               it
               hath
               no
               Hot
               Springs
               of
               its
               own
               ,
               but
               is
               supplyed
               by
               the
               Overplus
               of
               Water
               coming
               from
               the
               Kings
               Bath
               .
            
             
               And
               whereas
               it
               is
               recorded
               ,
               
                 That
                 these
                 Bathes
                 are
                 not
                 wholsome
                 at
                 all
                 hours
                 ,
                 being
                 from
              
               8
               
                 of
                 the
                 Clock
                 in
                 the
                 morning
                 ,
                 to
                 three
                 in
                 the
                 Afternoon
                 ,
                 Scalding
                 Hot.
              
               
               It
               is
               clear
               ,
               that
               the
               inequality
               of
               the
               heat
               proceeds
               not
               so
               much
               from
               the
               Waters
               (
               which
               in
               themselves
               ,
               are
               observed
               to
               vary
               very
               little
               from
               a
               constant
               ,
               and
               equal
               degree
               of
               heat
               ,
               both
               Winter
               ,
               and
               Summer
               )
               as
               from
               the
               beating
               of
               the
               Beams
               of
               the
               Sun
               in
               hot
               weather
               on
               the
               Surface
               of
               them
               ,
               which
               being
               more
               troublesom
               
               to
               the
               Bathes
               ,
               and
               Mornings
               and
               Evenings
               more
               convenient
               for
               Bathing
               ,
               the
               middle
               part
               of
               the
               day
               is
               not
               made
               use
               of
               ,
               though
               the
               Waters
               then
               are
               as
               wholsome
               as
               ever
               .
               But
               we
               may
               well
               pardon
               this
               learned
               and
               industrious
               person
               ,
               if
               he
               hath
               not
               in
               this
               ,
               and
               some
               other
               particulars
               ,
               done
               the
               Bathes
               right
               ,
               in
               regard
               the
               vastness
               of
               his
               designe
               ,
               and
               urgency
               of
               his
               occasions
               ,
               might
               hasten
               him
               hence
               ,
               so
               that
               ,
               haply
               ,
               he
               could
               not
               throughly
               inform
               himself
               in
               things
               of
               this
               Nature
               .
            
             
               To
               conclude
               this
               Chapter
               ,
               I
               shall
               mention
               some
               parts
               of
               the
               description
               of
               that
               City
               ,
               mentioned
               before
               ,
               in
               the
               Authors
               own
               words
               ,
               and
               compare
               them
               with
               what
               Description
               Dr.
               Venner
               hath
               given
               of
               this
               of
               
                 Bathe
                 .
                 Aquae
                 Grani
                 appellatae
                 sunt
                 ab
                 incolis
                 ,
                 cum
                 Thermae
                 ,
                 tum
                 locus
                 ipse
                 ,
                 deducto
                 scilicet
                 nomine
                 ab
                 Aquis
                 Calidis
                 &c.
                 
                 
                 Haec
                 urbs
                 tametsi
                 in
                 valle
                 sita
                 ,
                 &
                 montibus
                 circumquaque
                 septa
                 sit
                 ,
                 incredibili
                 tamen
                 gaudet
                 aeris
                 salubritate
                 .
                 In
                 proximo
                 urbis
                 ambitu
                 lata
                 fere
                 planities
                 est
                 ,
                 in
                 qua
                 &
                 pascua
                 sunt
                 ,
                 alendo
                 pecori
                 commodissima
                 ,
                 &
                 agri
                 pingues
                 .
                 Nec
                 desunt
                 funtes
                 ,
                 tam
                 feris
                 pascua
                 irrigantes
                 ,
                 quam
                 intus
                 diversis
                 urbis
                 locis
                 ,
                 publice
                 in
                 plateis
                 scaturientes
                 .
                 Ad
                 Orientem
                 Rhenum
                 ,
                 ad
                 occidentem
                 habet
                 Mosam
                 .
                 Sed
                 alias
                 dotes
                 ●mnes
                 ,
                 meo
                 quidem
                 judicio
                 ,
                 vincunt
                 Aquarum
                 Calidarum
                 uterrimi
                 simul
                 ac
                 Saiuberrimi
                 fontes
                 .
              
               The
               words
               of
               Dr.
               Venner
               ,
               as
               neer
               the
               English
               of
               the
               former
               as
               may
               be
               ,
               are
               these
               .
               
               Bathe
               ,
               so
               called
               from
               the
               Bathes
               in
               it
               ,
               is
               a
               little
               ,
               well
               compacted
               City
               ,
               &c.
               
               Although
               the
               site
               thereof
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               the
               Vici●ity
               of
               Hills
               ,
               may
               to
               some
               seem
               not
               
               pleasant
               ,
               being
               almost
               environed
               with
               them
               ,
               yet
               for
               goodness
               of
               Air
               ,
               neerness
               of
               great
               and
               delectable
               Rivers
               ,
               pleasant
               Meadows
               ,
               and
               plenty
               of
               excellent
               Water
               ,
               brought
               down
               from
               the
               adjacent
               Hills
               into
               the
               Streets
               ,
               it
               is
               pleasant
               ,
               and
               happy
               enough
               ;
               But
               for
               the
               Hot
               Waters
               ,
               that
               boyl
               up
               even
               in
               the
               midst
               thereof
               ,
               is
               more
               delectable
               ,
               and
               happier
               then
               any
               other
               of
               the
               Kingdom
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               IV
            
             
               
                 Of
                 the
                 Bathes
                 in
                 particular
                 here
                 .
              
            
             
               Of
               the
               three
               Hotter
               Bathes
               ,
               viz.
               The
               Kings
               ,
               Queens
               ,
               and
               Hot
               Bathe
               .
               But
               chiefly
               of
               the
               Kings
               ,
               and
               in
               what
               Distempers
               Bathing
               therein
               is
               profitable
               .
            
             
               HAving
               thus
               far
               drawn
               the
               Parallel
               between
               Bathe
               and
               Akin
               which
               ,
               as
               they
               cannot
               be
               conceived
               to
               agree
               in
               every
               punctilio
               ,
               (
               no
               Comparison
               ,
               as
               they
               say
               ,
               running
               on
               four
               feet
               )
               so
               it
               seems
               they
               cannot
               correspond
               in
               some
               of
               those
               particulars
               before
               recited
               ,
               without
               a
               Communication
               also
               in
               the
               Waters
               of
               many
               of
               the
               same
               Medicinal
               Vertues
               .
               Having
               done
               this
               ,
               I
               proceed
               to
               a
               light
               gast
               and
               relish
               ,
               of
               the
               Vertues
               ,
               and
               usefulness
               of
               every
               Bath
               in
               particular
               .
            
             
               And
               here
               taking
               it
               for
               granted
               ,
               till
               better
               information
               ,
               what
               the
               very
               learned
               and
               incomparable
               Doctor
               Jorden
               hath
               observed
               ,
               That
               there
               is
               very
               little
               difference
               in
               the
               Nature
               of
               the
               Bathes
               of
               Bathe
               ,
               but
               in
               the
               degree
               of
               heat
               ,
               they
               all
               proceeding
               from
               the
               same
               Mine
               ,
               which
               according
               to
               the
               intenseness
               or
               remissness
               of
               its
               heat
               in
               divers
               parts
               ,
               and
               the
               directness
               or
               indirectness
               of
               the
               passages
               from
               it
               ,
               may
               cause
               this
               Variation
               ;
               and
               also
               ,
               that
               the
               Minerals
               impregnating
               the
               Bathes
               in
               general
               ,
               are
               Bitumen
               ,
               Nitre
               ,
               and
               Sulphur
               ,
               I
               shall
               run
               the
               Parallel
               a
               little
               further
               ,
               and
               speak
               something
               in
               particular
               of
               all
               the
               Bathes
               ;
               and
               first
               of
               the
               Kings
               .
            
             
               The
               
                 Kings
                 Bathe
              
               exceeds
               the
               rest
               in
               Heat
               
               and
               Dimensions
               ,
               being
               the
               hottest
               ,
               and
               largest
               of
               all
               .
               And
               whereas
               there
               is
               another
               that
               for
               some
               time
               hath
               ,
               I
               know
               not
               how
               ,
               apprepriated
               the
               name
               that
               is
               common
               to
               them
               all
               ,
               and
               therefore
               gives
               most
               people
               occasionto
               imagine
               the
               heat
               to
               be
               more
               intense
               there
               then
               any
               where
               else
               ,
               I
               conceive
               ,
               at
               present
               ,
               the
               heat
               of
               that
               Bath
               ,
               to
               come
               as
               much
               short
               of
               that
               of
               the
               Kings
               ,
               as
               the
               Cross
               Bath
               ,
               in
               that
               instance
               ,
               yields
               to
               the
               Queens
               .
            
             
               This
               Bath
               ,
               as
               to
               its
               vertues
               ,
               much
               resembles
               the
               Kings
               Bath
               at
               Akin
               ,
               that
               is
               ,
               consists
               of
               the
               same
               Minerals
               ,
               though
               probably
               ,
               not
               in
               the
               same
               proportion
               ;
               the
               German
               Kings
               Bath
               being
               accounted
               chiefly
               Sulphurous
               ;
               This
               of
               Bath
               ,
               Bituminous
               .
               Which
               ,
               yet
               notwithstanding
               considering
               the
               great
               affinity
               Bitumen
               hath
               with
               Sulphur
               ,
               and
               the
               slender
               difference
               in
               their
               qualities
               ,
               being
               bothsupposed
               moderately
               hot
               and
               dry
               ,
               and
               therefore
               must
               both
               (
               according
               to
               the
               common
               notion
               )
               attract
               ,
               resolve
               ,
               mollisie
               ,
               and
               discuss
               ,
               will
               not
               alter
               much
               the
               Case
               ,
               not
               to
               mention
               that
               Baccius
               and
               Bauhinus
               ,
               and
               (
               what
               is
               more
               natural
               )
               two
               of
               our
               own
               Countreymen
               ,
               Doctor
               Turner
               ,
               and
               Doctor
               Venner
               ,
               do
               all
               agree
               ,
               That
               they
               are
               chiefly
               Sulphurous
               .
               And
               whereas
               Rurem
               .
               faith
               of
               the
               Kings
               Bath
               at
               
                 Akin
                 ;
                 Refert
                 haec
                 aqua
                 modis
                 omnibus
                 naturam
                 Sulphuris
                 ,
                 cum
                 admissione
                 Nitri
                 modici
              
               ;
               making
               mention
               of
               Sulphur
               and
               Nitre
               ,
               but
               omitting
               Bitumen
               ,
               I
               question
               not
               ,
               but
               upon
               Examination
               ,
               it
               would
               be
               found
               that
               Bitumen
               also
               was
               concern'd
               in
               that
               Bath
               ,
               as
               well
               as
               the
               Cornelian
               in
               the
               same
               City
               .
               
               And
               the
               Catalogue
               of
               Diseases
               ,
               for
               
               which
               this
               Bath
               is
               profitable
               ,
               suggests
               as
               much
               :
               bituminous
               waters
               being
               of
               a
               heating
               ,
               drying
               nature
               ,
               and
               suppling
               the
               nerves
               .
            
             
               The
               Encomium
               he
               gives
               of
               this
               Bath
               ,
               and
               the
               Diseases
               he
               affirms
               it
               to
               do
               good
               in
               ,
               (
               which
               for
               the
               most
               part
               agree
               to
               this
               of
               Bath
               also
               )
               are
               as
               fellows
               .
               This
               Bath
               is
               profitable
               for
               many
               distempers
               ,
               especially
               cold
               and
               moist
               :
               for
               it
               heats
               powerfully
               ,
               dries
               ,
               drives
               the
               humors
               from
               the
               inward
               parts
               to
               the
               outward
               ,
               discusses
               ,
               attenuates
               ,
               abstergeth
               ,
               and
               that
               I
               may
               speak
               more
               particularly
               ,
               good
               chiefly
               in
               affections
               of
               the
               Nerves
               ,
               as
               Convulsions
               ,
               Palsies
               ,
               as
               well
               alone
               ,
               as
               accompanying
               an
               Apoplexie
               ,
               in
               defect
               of
               sense
               or
               motion
               ,
               or
               both
               .
               It
               helps
               stiff
               ,
               benumm'd
               ,
               and
               trembling
               limbs
               ,
               does
               good
               in
               the
               several
               sorts
               of
               Gouts
               ,
               especially
               Hip
               and
               Hand-gout
               .
               Discusseth
               Tumors
               :
               Relieveth
               those
               that
               are
               streightened
               about
               the
               Midriff
               :
               those
               that
               have
               a
               Cachexy
               ,
               or
               ill
               habit
               of
               body
               :
               The
               Dropsie
               (
               especially
               the
               Anasarca
               )
               and
               Jaundice
               .
               Those
               that
               are
               troubled
               with
               a
               cold
               distemper
               of
               the
               Stomach
               ,
               Liver
               or
               Spleen
               .
               Excites
               and
               restores
               Appetite
               .
               Easeth
               pains
               in
               the
               sides
               (
               without
               a
               favour
               )
               Bowess
               or
               Loins
               .
               Helps
               cold
               and
               moist
               distempers
               of
               the
               Womb
               ;
               furthers
               Conception
               ,
               provokes
               the
               Terms
               ,
               giveth
               ease
               in
               uterine
               pains
               ;
               takes
               off
               weariness
               as
               well
               spontaneous
               ,
               as
               by
               excessive
               labour
               and
               travel
               ,
               &c.
               most
               proper
               for
               those
               of
               a
               cold
               Constitution
               ,
               and
               somewhat
               corpulent
               ,
               and
               not
               so
               convenient
               for
               dry
               and
               entenuated
               persons
               .
               To
               which
               may
               be
               added
               Lethargies
               ,
               Epilepfies
               ,
               Cramps
               ,
               Deafness
               ,
               Forgetfulness
               ,
               Aches
               ,
               and
               many
               others
               of
               the
               like
               nature
               ,
               
               with
               the
               Scorbute
               ,
               (
               provided
               the
               body
               be
               duly
               prepar'd
               before
               ,
               and
               the
               
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
                 〈◊〉
              
               in
               that
               distemper
               well
               corrected
               )
               and
               the
               extremity
               of
               the
               pains
               of
               the
               Spleen
               .
            
             
               The
               Hot
               Bath
               is
               somewhat
               cooler
               ,
               and
               profitable
               in
               the
               like
               cases
               ;
               and
               Dr.
               Venner
               hath
               observed
               most
               essicacious
               for
               any
               weakned
               and
               relaxed
               limb
               .
            
             
               The
               Queens
               Bath
               is
               the
               next
               for
               heat
               ,
               and
               hath
               the
               same
               virtues
               with
               the
               Kings
               ,
               out
               of
               which
               it
               was
               taken
               ,
               having
               no
               hot
               springs
               of
               its
               own
               ,
               but
               is
               supplyed
               out
               of
               the
               Kings
               ,
               where
               the
               water
               standing
               as
               it
               were
               in
               a
               Cooler
               ,
               is
               made
               more
               temperate
               ,
               and
               fitter
               for
               tender
               bodies
               ,
               that
               cannot
               well
               endure
               such
               a
               degree
               of
               heat
               ,
               as
               in
               the
               Kings
               Bath
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               CHAP.
               VII
            
             
               
                 Of
                 the
                 Cross
                 Bath
                 ,
                 and
                 its
                 Virtues
                 .
              
            
             
               THE
               
                 Cross
                 Bath
              
               ,
               as
               to
               its
               degree
               of
               Heat
               ,
               abating
               somewhat
               of
               the
               Queens
               ,
               is
               the
               coolest
               of
               all
               ,
               of
               which
               I
               may
               say
               ,
               as
               a
               stranger
               sometime
               did
               of
               this
               City
               ,
               that
               it
               is
               
                 E
                 minimis
                 pulcherrimum
              
               ,
               and
               though
               it
               be
               little
               ,
               is
               not
               on
               that
               ,
               nor
               any
               other
               account
               despicable
               ;
               
                 Inest
                 sua
                 gratia
                 parvis
              
               .
            
             
               This
               Bath
               is
               thought
               by
               Dr.
               Jorden
               to
               participate
               more
               of
               Nitre
               than
               the
               rest
               ,
               and
               therefore
               is
               observed
               to
               supple
               &
               mollifie
               somewhat
               more
               ,
               receiving
               a
               greater
               degree
               of
               cleansing
               and
               penetrating
               from
               the
               Nitre
               ;
               Consonant
               to
               which
               't
               is
               said
               of
               the
               
                 Cornelian
                 Bath
              
               in
               
                 Akin
                 .
                 
                 
                 Aqua
                 hujus
                 Balnei
                 sulphurea
                 quidem
                 est
                 ,
                 sed
                 salis
                 non
                 paruns
                 habet
                 admistum
                 ,
                 quin
                 &
                 bitaminis
                 nonnihil
                 in
                 esse
                 certis
                 indiciis
                 deprehenditur
                 ;
                 Quo
                 fit
                 ut
                 haec
                 aliquanto
                 valentiore
                 sit
                 exiccandi
                 ,
                 extennandique
                 potissimum
                 facultate
                 ,
                 quam
                 aliae
                 ,
                 discut
                 it
                 ,
                 abstergit
                 ,
                 ac
                 mollit
                 ,
                 i.e.
                 
              
               The
               water
               of
               this
               Bath
               is
               indeed
               sulphurous
               ,
               but
               hath
               a
               considerable
               quantity
               of
               salt
               mixed
               with
               it
               ,
               and
               some
               Bitumen
               ;
               wherefore
               this
               hath
               a
               more
               powerful
               drying
               ,
               and
               attenuating
               faculty
               than
               the
               rest
               ,
               discusses
               ,
               cleanses
               ,
               and
               mollifies
               .
            
             
               And
               whereas
               instead
               of
               Nitre
               ,
               he
               mentions
               Salt
               ,
               the
               difference
               ,
               though
               something
               I
               confess
               ,
               cannot
               be
               great
               ,
               since
               many
               of
               the
               same
               vertues
               are
               both
               by
               him
               and
               others
               attributed
               to
               saline
               Waters
               ,
               as
               Nitrous
               ;
               Nitre
               it self
               being
               a
               kind
               of
               Salt.
               
               From
               the
               mixture
               of
               the
               Sulphur
               and
               
               Bitumen
               ,
               it
               heats
               ,
               discusses
               ,
               and
               supples
               ;
               from
               the
               Nitre
               ,
               it
               receives
               an
               addition
               of
               cleansing
               ,
               and
               penetrating
               .
               
            
             
               This
               Bath
               then
               must
               be
               of
               Excellent
               Use
               in
               all
               Contractions
               ,
               Indurations
               ,
               and
               Resolutions
               of
               nervous
               parts
               ,
               disperse
               ,
               and
               dissipate
               cold
               Tumors
               ;
               relieve
               Cachectick
               ,
               Hydropick
               ,
               and
               Corpulent
               persons
               ;
               oppose
               the
               Sciatica
               ,
               Cramps
               ,
               Convulsions
               ,
               Defluxions
               ,
               Barrenness
               ,
               and
               the
               Whites
               in
               Women
               ;
               usefull
               in
               Cutaneous
               Distempers
               ;
               as
               the
               Itch
               ,
               Scabs
               ,
               Morphew
               ,
               and
               Leprosie
               .
               Good
               for
               fleshy
               ,
               cold
               ,
               moist
               bodies
               ;
               and
               not
               so
               proper
               for
               hot
               ,
               and
               dry
               Constitutions
               .
            
             
               And
               here
               I
               must
               crave
               leave
               to
               add
               ,
               that
               the
               reason
               I
               conceive
               why
               the
               Cross
               Bath
               comes
               not
               up
               to
               the
               heat
               of
               the
               rest
               ,
               is
               partly
               on
               the
               account
               of
               its
               being
               served
               by
               four
               Springs
               ,
               but
               chiefly
               proceeds
               from
               the
               greater
               proportion
               of
               Nitre
               it
               contains
               ,
               which
               being
               of
               a
               cooling
               nature
               ,
               may
               more
               allay
               the
               heat
               arising
               from
               the
               Sulphur
               and
               Bitumen
               there
               ,
               then
               in
               the
               other
               Bathes
               .
               And
               that
               Nitre
               doth
               more
               abound
               in
               that
               Bath
               ,
               then
               in
               the
               rest
               ,
               may
               probably
               be
               collected
               ,
               as
               from
               other
               reasons
               ,
               which
               I
               here
               forbear
               to
               mention
               ,
               so
               partly
               from
               this
               ,
               that
               it
               sooner
               penetrates
               the
               body
               ,
               and
               hath
               an
               easier
               ,
               and
               quicker
               ingress
               into
               its
               passages
               and
               pores
               ,
               to
               the
               great
               relief
               of
               some
               ,
               though
               it
               seems
               Paradoxical
               ,
               in
               Nephritick
               Distempers
               .
            
             
               But
               I
               hope
               I
               may
               be
               excused
               on
               the
               Score
               of
               my
               former
               Engagement
               ,
               if
               I
               am
               not
               more
               particular
               at
               this
               time
               ,
               in
               things
               of
               this
               nature
               ,
               till
               a
               just
               amassment
               of
               Observations
               and
               Experiments
               ,
               
               and
               a
               rational
               deduction
               of
               Conclusions
               from
               them
               ,
               (
               which
               I
               hope
               in
               some
               time
               to
               accomplish
               )
               shall
               either
               confirm
               me
               in
               the
               opinion
               I
               now
               have
               of
               the
               Nature
               and
               Vertues
               of
               the
               Baths
               of
               Bathe
               ,
               or
               supply
               me
               with
               a
               better
               .
            
             
               Atque
               haec
               Hactenus
               .
            
             
               FINIS
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             
               
               
                 Sphalmata
                 Typographica
                 .
              
               
                 PRef
                 .
                 Page
                 1.
                 
                 Line
                 14.
                 
                 Read
                 review
                 .
                 l.
                 16.
                 r.
                 quacking
                 .
                 p.
                 4.
                 l.
                 15.
                 for
                 only
                 ,
                 r.
                 with
                 .
                 p.
                 5.
                 l.
                 27.
                 for
                 the
                 fig
                 ,
                 48.
                 r.
                 57.
                 p.
                 11.
                 l.
                 9.
                 r.
                 
                   from
                   the
                   Place
                
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Epist
                 .
                 Ded.
                 
              
               
                 Page
                 3.
                 in
                 the
                 marg
                 .
                 against
                 Galba
                 ,
                 insert
                 
                   Ingenium
                   Galbae
                   male
                   habitat
                
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 Appendix
                 .
              
               
                 Page
                 4
                 in
                 margent
                 ,
                 for
                 Hunesey
                 ,
                 r.
                 Hunes
                 .
                 p.
                 5
                 .
                 in
                 marg
                 .
                 r.
                 Manlius
                 .
                 p.7.l.7
                 .
                 r.
                 fawningly
                 .
                 p.
                 8
                 .
                 l.7.r.
                 
                   names
                   in
                
                 l.
                 10.
                 for
                 is
                 ,
                 r.
                 are
                 .
                 l.
                 31.
                 blot
                 out
                 to
                 .
                 p.
                 9
                 .
                 l.
                 29
                 .
                 r.
                 me
                 to
                 th
                 .
                 p.
                 14.r
                 .
                 Marius
                 .
                 p.
                 16
                 .
                 l.
                 r.
                 along
                 siege
                 .
                 p.19.l.16
                 .
                 r.
                 printed
                 .
                 p.
                 21
                 .
                 l.
                 12
                 .
                 for
                 0
                 
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                
                 ,
                 r.
                 
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                   〈◊〉
                
                 .
                 l.
                 r.a
                 man
                 that
                 pr.
                 p.26.l.5
                 .
                 for
                 Burkeley
                 ,
                 r.
                 Burghley
                 .
                 p.
                 28.l.9
                 .
                 r.
                 Jactis
                 ,
                 l.
                 20
                 .
                 r.
                 limina
                 .
                 p.
                 29
                 .
                 l.
                 17
                 .
                 r.
                 Rodb
                 .
                 l.
                 20.r
                 .
                 urbem
                 .
                 l.
                 22.r
                 regalis
                 .
                 l.
                 ult.r
                 .
                 pteromata
                 .
                 p.
                 30
                 .
                 l.
                 2
                 .
                 r.
                 longas
                 .
                 l.
                 11
                 .
                 r.
                 fanis
                 .
                 l.
                 16
                 .
                 r.
                 prostant
                 .
                 p.
                 31.l.2.r
                 .
                 suorum
                 .
                 l.3.r
                 .
                 lampade
                 .
                 p.
                 33.l.5.r
                 .
                 Mi●ae
                 .
                 l.9.r.
                 fusor
                 .
                 l.14
                 .
                 r.
                 votis
                 .
                 l.
                 18.r
                 .
                 praeducente
                 .
                 l.19.r
                 .
                 Cantica
                 .
                 p.
                 34
                 .
                 l.
                 1
                 .
                 r.
                 diu
                 .
                 p.
                 39
                 .
                 l.
                 13
                 .
                 r.
                 Septimius
                 .
                 p.
                 40
                 .
                 in
                 marg
                 .
                 r.
                 
                   Merry
                   Vib.
                
                 p.
                 43
                 .
                 l.
                 23
                 .
                 r.
                 qui.
                 for
                 Rose
                 ,
                 Rosin
                 .
                 p.
                 48
                 .
                 l.
                 2
                 .
                 r.
                 Grani.
                 l.
                 8
                 .
                 r.
                 
                   immutat
                   ●
                
                 .
                 p.
                 50.l.33.r
                 .
                 preserved
                 .
                 p.
                 55.l.23.r
                 .
                 material
                 .
                 p.
                 56.l.15.r
                 .
                 fevour
                 .
                 l.
                 31.r
                 .
                 Exten
                 .
              
            
          
        
      
    
     
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A46281-e3330
           
             De
             deper
             litis
             pag.
             164
             
          
           
             De
             deper
             litis
             pag.
             164.
             
          
           
             Bellonius
             observat
             .
             lib2.3.6.34
             Prosper
             Alpinas
             de
             medicina
             AEgyptiorum
             .
          
           
             Cap.
             ●
             Epist
             .
             53
             .
             lib.2
             .
          
           
             De
             tuenda
             sauit
             .
             lib.
             4
             .
             cap.
             4
             .
          
           
             *
             See
             the
             reason
             of
             this
             in
             Iones
             his
             
               Bathes
               Aid
            
             ,
             fol.
             7.
             b.
             where
             also
             he
             proves
             the
             inward
             use
             of
             Mineral
             waters
             among
             Physicians
             ,
             as
             well
             before
             ,
             as
             since
             the
             time
             of
             Galen
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A46281-e4160
           
             Libavius
             de
             judicio
             aquarum
             ●●i●er
             .
             cap.
             1.
             
          
           
             ●●accius
             ●i●
             .
             1.
             cap.
             6
             .
          
           
             Solinander
             lib.
             2.
             cap.
             1.
             
          
           
             Solinander
             lib.
             1.
             cap.
             3.
             
          
           
             Quaest
             .
             nat
             .
             2.
             
             Libav
             .
             pyrotceh
             .
             cap.
             20.
             
          
           
             Meteor
             4.
             
          
           
             De
             usu
             partium
             lib.
             8.
             cap.
             3.
             
          
           
             Daneus
             phis
             .
             Christ
             part
             2.
             cap.
             9.
             
             Aristol
             .
             1.
             
             Meteor
             cap.
             4
             :
          
           
             Davaeus
             Philos
             .
             Christ
             .
             p.2.c.8
             .
             Cardan
             .
             de
             subtil
             .
             lib.
             2
             .
             Valesius
             contr
             .
             lib.
             1
             .
             cap.
             5.
             conradus
             Assachus
             de
             triplici
             coelo
             lib.
             1.cap.4
             .
             Laurent
             .
             Valla
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             Arist
             .
             1.
             
             Meteor
             .
             cap.
             3.
             
          
           
             De
             ortu
             &
             inter
             ,
             lib.
             2.&
             moteor
             .
             4.cap.1
             .
             &
             4.
             
             Gal.
             de
             simpl
             .
             med
             .
             sac
             .
             lib.
             1.
             cap.
             8.
             
             Item
             de
             Elementis
             1.
             
          
           
             Valesi●s
             co●t
             .
             lib.
             1.
             cap.
             2.
             
          
           
             De
             aere
             ,
             aquis
             &
             locis
             .
             De
             morbis
             pop●lar
             .
             lib.
             2.sect.2
             .
          
           
             Bruerinus
             de
             re
             cibaria
             .
             Platerus
             in
             praxi
             .
          
           
             N●●t
             .
             Attic.
             lib.
             4
             .
             cap.
             11
             .
             de
             Divinat
             .
             1.
             
             In
             Aristaeum
             quaestione
             19.
             
          
           
             Brerinus
             de
             re
             cibaria
             lib.
             16.
             cap.
             17.
             
          
           
             Saturnal
             .
             lib.
             5
             .
             cap.
             18.
             
          
           
             Rerum
             antiquar
             .
             lib.
             4
             .
             c.
             12.
             
          
           
             Bacciusl
             .
             ●
             .
             c
             .
             ●
             .
          
           
             De
             nat
             .
             eo●
             .
             que
             cffl
             .
             è
             terra
             li.
             1
             .
             cap.
             15.
             
          
           
             Langius
             Epist
             .
             lib.
             1
             .
             Epist
             .
             31
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A46281-e5200
           
             Baccius
             lib.
             1
             cap.
             3.4
             .
             Agric.
             de
             ortu
             &
             causis
             subter
             .
             lib.
             1.
             cap.
             1
             ,
             2
             ,
             3
             ,
             4
             ,
             5
             ,
             6
             ,
             7
             ,
             8
             ,
             9.
             
             Solinander
             l.
             2.
             cap.
             1.
             &
             lib.
             2
             .
             cap.
             3.
             
          
           
             1
             From
             the
             Air.
             
          
           
             Quoest
             .
             natur●
             lib.
             3.
             cap.
             7.
             
          
           
             2
             Meteorol
             .
             &
             1.
             3.
             
          
           
             Deortu
             &
             causissubt
             .
             l.
             1.
             
             ●
             .
             6.
             
             De
             orig
             .
             font
             .
             cap.
             1.
             
          
           
             a.
             From
             the
             Earth
             .
          
           
             Metam
             .
             15.
             
          
           
             Aristotel
             .
             4
             .
             meteor
             .
             cap.
             10.
             &
             ultimo
             .
          
           
             Valesius
             de
             sacra
             Philosoph
             .
             passim
             .
          
           
             3
             From
             the
             Sea.
             
          
           
             〈…〉
             ortu
             &
             causiss●●ter
             .
             lib.
             1.
             cap.
             ●
             &
             9.
             
          
           
             Ecclesiastes
             1.
             
          
           
             Arist
             .
             metroyol
             .
             cap.
             ultimo
             lib.
             3
             
          
           
             *
             This
             way
             of
             arguing
             is
             questioned
             by
             Dr.
             French
             ,
             who
             supposeth
             the
             many
             great
             Rivers
             terminated
             in
             the
             Sea
             to
             be
             a
             sufficient
             moisture
             for
             the
             taking
             away
             the
             termination
             of
             the
             water
             made
             by
             the
             dryness
             of
             the
             earth
             ,
             and
             so
             to
             make
             the
             globous
             Sea
             sink
             to
             an
             evenness
             .
             
               vid.
               French
               Yorksh
            
             .
             Spaw
             .
             p.10
             ,
             11
             ,
             12.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A46281-e5790
           
             Minerals
             reduced
             to
             seven
             heads
             :
          
           
             Earth
             .
          
           
             Agric.
             de
             nat
             .
             fossil
             .
             lib.
             1.
             cap.
             4.
             
          
           
             Baccius
             lib.
             5
             .
             Cap.
             1.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A46281-e7020
           
             De
             metallis
             cap.
             6
             .
          
           
             Verulamius
             de
             vita
             &
             morte
             ,
             pag.
             418.
             
             &
             453.
             
          
           
             Do
             neglecta
             stirpium
             culturâ
             problem
             .
             13.
             
          
           
             Erastus
             disput
             .
             part
             .
             2.
             p.
             105.
             
          
           
             In
             ingressu
             ad
             infirmos
             p.
             373
             .
             Venustus
             in
             consilio
             pro
             Petro
             Picardo
             .
          
           
             Baccius
             ●tym
             .
          
           
             Lib.
             6.
             
             ●
             .
             14.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A46281-e7870
           
             Machab.
             2.
             1.
             
          
           
             De
             sympath
             .
             &
             antipath
             .
             C●.
             10
             .
          
           
             De
             nat
             ●●y
             .
             q.
             efslu
             .
             è
             te●●a
             .
             l.
             4.
             
             ●
             .
             22.
             
          
           
             Metcor
             .
             2.
             
          
           
             Lib.
             2.
             
             ●
             .
             II.
             
          
           
             De
             Thermis
             .
             c.5
             
          
           
             Of
             Camphir
             .
          
           
             Seyaphio
             de
             ●imp
             .
             m.
             d.c.
             344.
             
          
           
             Avicen
             .
             lib
             .
             I.
             tract
             .
             1
             .
             c.z.
             Item
             .
             l.2
             .
             tract
             .
             2
             .
             cap
             .
             133.
             
             Item
             .
             de
             med
             .
             cordial
             ,
             tract
             .
             z.
             cap.
             3.
             
          
           
             In
             Dioscoridem
             cap.
             de
             mastich
             .
          
           
             Lib.
             I.
             cap.
             9.
             
          
           
             De
             nat
             .
             fossil
             .
             lib.
             4.
             cap.
             2
             .
          
           
             Thesaur
             .
             aqu
             lib.
             I.
             cap.
             z.
             
          
           
             Co
             〈…〉
             Divs
             .
             1.3
             .
             Tha.
             Nemico
             .
          
           
             De
             simpl
             .
             med
             .
             facult
             .
             l.4.c.22
             .
          
           
             Lib.
             I.
             tract
             c.
             2
             .
          
           
             Bellonius
             de
             Naphtha
             c.
             7.
             
          
           
             Agric.
             de
             nat
             .
             cor
             .
             quoe
             cfflu
             .
             è
             terra
             l.
             2.c.7
             .
          
           
             Bitumen
             predominant
             in
             the
             Bathes
             of
             Bath
             .
          
           
             De
             thermis
             Boll
             .
             L.
             3.c.6
             1.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A46281-e9590
           
             Libavius
             in
             Syntagm
             .
             p.
             221
             
          
           
             In
             lib.
             de
             plantis
             Aristoteli
             ascriptum
             lib.
             2.
             passim
             .
          
           
             Caesalpinus
             de
             metallisc
             .
             3.l.1
             .
          
           
             Salt.
             
          
           
             Diosc
             .
             l.
             5.c.84
             .
             De
             simpl
             .
             med
             .
             sa●ult
             .
             l.4.c.20
             .
             &
             l.
             11.c.50
             .
          
           
             Three
             wayes
             to
             make
             Vegetable
             Salts
             to
             retain
             the
             taste
             of
             the
             herbs
             from
             whence
             they
             are
             drawn
             .
             1.
             
          
           
             Three
             wayes
             to
             make
             Vegetable
             Salts
             to
             retain
             the
             taste
             of
             the
             herbs
             from
             whence
             they
             are
             drawn
             .
             2.
             
          
           
             Three
             wayes
             to
             make
             Vegetable
             Salts
             to
             retain
             the
             taste
             of
             the
             herbs
             from
             whence
             they
             are
             drawn
             .
             3.
             
          
           
             Nitre
             .
          
           
             Sal
             Ammoniack
             .
          
           
             In
             pestis
             Alexic
             .
             Dariot
             de
             praparat
             .
             med
             .
             Tract
             .
             2.
             cap.
             23
             ,
             24.
             
          
           
             lib.
             de
             Humi●orum
             usu
             .
          
           
             Salt
             Springs
             .
          
           
             Lib.
             3.
             
          
           
             The
             true
             cause
             of
             the
             saltness
             of
             the
             Sea.
             
          
           
             Aliquid
             aquae
             admixtum
             Arist
             .
             2.
             
             Meteorol
             .
             cap.
             3.
             
          
           
             Meteor
             .
             2
             .
             c.3
             .
          
           
             Nitrous
             Wateys
             .
          
           
             Observat
             .
             l.
             3.
             c.
             76
             ,
             77.
             
          
           
             Lib.
             5
             .
             c.7
             
          
           
             Lib.
             31.
             c.
             10.
             
          
           
             Martial
             .
          
           
             Allum
             Spring●
             
          
           
             Pyrotech
             .
             l.
             2.
             c.
             6.
             
          
           
             Vitrioline
             waters
             .
          
           
             Simp.
             med.facul
             .
             l.
             9.
             c.
             61.
             
          
           
             Libav
             .
             in
             Symag
             .
             3.
             part
             .
             l.
             7
             .
             Item
             singularium
             part
             .
             1.
             
          
           
             Lib.
             3.
             
             Von
             .
             Kupffer
             ertz
             .
          
           
             10.
             
             Baubinus
             de
             th●r
             .
             nis
             l.
             2.c.2
             .
          
           
             De
             judicio
             aqu
             .
             niner
             .
             p.26.36
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A46281-e11880
           
             Simpl.
             med
             .
             facult
             .
             1.
             5.
             0.
             59.
             
          
           
             Vidus
             Vidius
             turat
             .
             generat
             .
             p.
             2.
             sect
             .
             2.1.3
             .
             C.
             13.
             
             Fallopius
             de
             petallis
             6.
             37.
             
          
           
             Quick-silver
             not
             reducible
             to
             the
             Elementary
             Qualities
             
          
           
             Sulphur
             .
          
           
             Arsenick
             .
          
           
             Cadmia
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A46281-e13030
           
             Bismutum
             ,
             or
             Tin-glass
             .
          
           
             Part
             ,
             3
             .
             pag.72
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A46281-e13460
           
             Fallop
             .
             de
             metallis
             cap.
             10.
             
             Libav
             .
             de
             nat
             .
             metall
             .
             part
             .
             3.
             cap.
             5.
             
          
           
             Gold.
             
          
           
             Silver
             .
          
           
             Copper
             .
          
           
             Iron
             .
          
           
             Tin.
             
          
           
             Lead
             .
          
           
             Nature
             and
             qualities
             of
             Gold.
             
          
           
             Bascius
             lib.
             6.
             cap.
             8.
             
          
           
             Basilica
             chimia
             Pag.
             204.
             
          
           
             De
             Thermis
             cap.
             8.
             
          
           
             In
             ingressu
             ad
             infermo
             ,
             pap
             .
             373
             .
          
           
             Of
             Silver
             .
          
           
             Theod
             Tabernomonta●us
             ,
             p.
             2.
             cap.
             8.
             
          
           
             Of
             Iron
             and
             Steel
             .
          
           
             AEnead
             12.
             
          
           
             Simpl.
             lib.
             9.
             
          
           
             Libs
             16.
             
             Epist
             .
             5.
             
             De
             motallis
             cap.
             20.
             
          
           
             Simpl.
             l.
             7.c.4
             .
          
           
             Two
             distinct
             qualities
             in
             Steel
             .
          
           
             Solinander
             ,
             pag.
             193.
             
             Ve●ustus
             ,
             pag.
             159.
             
             B●●cius
             lib.
             6.
             cap.
             3.
             
             S
             〈…〉
             rola
             .
             Rea
             〈…〉
             eus
             pag.
             305.
             
          
           
             Quality
             of
             Copper
             .
          
           
             Libav
             .
             de
             nat
             .
             metall
             .
             c.
             10.
             
          
           
             Of
             Tin.
             
          
           
             Of
             Lead
             .
          
           
             Pag.
             90.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A46281-e14880
           
             Fallop
             .
             de
             metallis
             cap.
             11.
             
             Libav
             .
             de
             nat
             .
             metal
             .
             cap.
             12.
             
          
           
             Agricola
             de
             ortu
             &
             causis
             Sub●
             .
             lib
             .
             5
             .
             c.1
             .
          
           
             Lib.
             3
             .
             c.19
             .
          
           
             〈◊〉
             :
             lib
             10.
             
          
           
             In
             Sarept
             .
             co●●●
             .
             3.
             
             II.
             &c.
             
          
           
             In
             Alchimia
             magna
             .
             De
             metallis
             pag.
             17.
             
             &
             19.
             
          
           
             Von
             probier●ng
             der
             crtze
             .
             In
             Sarept●●
             .
          
           
             Sebast
             .
             For●●●
             l.
             3.c.6
             .
             Scverinus
             c.
             8.
             
             P.
             125.
             
          
           
             Caesalpinus
             de
             metal
             .
             lib.
             1.
             
             C.
             2.
             
          
           
             Cap.
             2.
             
          
           
             Erast
             .
             disput
             .
             part
             .
             2.
             p.
             261.
             
          
           
             The
             principal
             Efficient
             Cause
             of
             the
             Generation
             of
             Minerals
             ,
             not
             the
             Sun.
             
          
           
             Dorn
             .
             phisica
             Geresis
             .
          
           
             Gal.
             de
             Maraes
             .
          
           
             De
             catore
             .
          
           
             Neither
             the
             Elements
             .
          
           
             1
             De
             anima
             Item
             2.
             cap.
             4.
             
          
           
             Trismegistus
             in
             Asclepio
             cap.
             1.
             
             Plato
             .
             In
             Timco
             in
             Dialogo
             de
             natura
             .
          
           
             In
             vita
             Apollo●ci
             .
          
           
             Elcoga
             6.
             
          
           
             Desacra
             Philosoph
             .
             cap.
             51.
             
          
           
             Cap.
             de
             mixtie●●
             .
          
           
             1
             M●teo●ol
             .
             4.
             
             Item
             de
             mundo
             ubi
             dicit
             aerens
             comparatum
             esse
             ad
             aliam
             &
             aliam
             ●●turam
             inducedam
             .
          
           
             In
             som
             .
             Scipionis
             cap.
             6.
             
          
           
             De
             nat
             hominis
             .
          
           
             2
             De
             gen
             .
             cap.
             8.
             
             Item
             libde
             s●●su
             &
             sensibile
             .
          
           
             3
             De
             gen
             .
             animal
             .
             cap.
             ultimo
             .
          
           
             Ifagoge
             cap.
             8.
             1
             de
             Elementis
             cap.
             15.
             
          
           
             De
             veteri
             medi●ina
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A46281-e16730
           
             Erastus
             ,
             Carerius
             ,
             Casal●inus
             ,
             Marti●u●
             ,
             Mo●ista●
             ,
             Foxias
             ,
             Magyrus
             ,
             Liba●ius
             .
          
           
             3
             Met●or
             .
             c.ult.
             Caesalp
             .
             l.3.0.1
             .
          
           
             Libav
             .
             de
             nat
             .
             metall
             .
             c
             .
             14.
             carerius
             178.
             
             Septal.
             in
             Hipp.
             
          
           
             de
             aëre
             ,
             aqu
             .
             &c.
             
          
           
             Valcsius
             sacra
             Philosoph●●
             .
             49.
             
          
           
             Singularium
             lib.
             1.
             part
             .
             1.
             
          
           
             De
             nat
             .
             metall
             .
             Cap.
             10.
             
          
           
             The
             Authors
             opinion
             concerning
             the
             manner
             of
             the
             Generation
             of
             Minerals
             .
          
           
             Mussetus
             in
             dialogo
             apologetics
             .
          
           
             Carm.
             lib.
             3.
             od
             .
             6.
             
          
           
             Georg.
             2.
             
          
           
             De
             Dieta
             1.
             
          
           
             De
             gen
             .
             animal
             .
             lib.
             2.
             
             Foxius
             ,
             M●rtinus
             ,
             Moris●aus
             ,
             Magyrus
             ,
             Libavius
             ,
             Vel●uri●
             ,
             Valesius
             ,
             Carerists
             ,
             Erastus
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             De
             Dieta
             lib.
             1.
             
          
           
             6
             De
             usu
             partium
             ●
             .
             12.
             
             &
             13.
             
          
           
             Erasmus
             in
             Adagi●s
             .
          
           
             De
             mund●
             .
             c.
             ult
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A46281-e17780
           
             Causes
             of
             heat
             in
             mineral
             waters
             not
             .
          
           
             Wind
             ,
             Air
             ,
             Exhalations
             in
             the
             Earth
             .
          
           
             Agitation
             and
             violent
             motion
             .
          
           
             Valeseus
             centre
             .
             lib.
             4.
             cap.
             3.
             
             Solinand
             .
             l.
             1.
             cap.
             4.
             
          
           
             The
             Sun.
             
          
           
             †
             It
             may
             be
             so
             in
             former
             times
             ,
             but
             few
             ,
             I
             think
             ,
             do
             doubt
             it
             now
             ;
             I
             am
             sure
             not
             those
             who
             hold
             the
             Sun
             to
             be
             a
             Flame
             .
          
           
             His
             Apology
             .
          
           
             Gilbertus
             de
             magnete
             lib.
             6.
             
             Taurellus
             de
             primis
             rerum
             principiis
             .
             Conrad
             .
             Aslacus
             de
             triplici
             coelo
             .
          
           
             Lib.
             6.
             
          
           
             Antiperistasis
             .
          
           
             In
             Paradoxis
             .
          
           
             3
             Simpl.
             medic
             .
             facult
             .
             cap.
             7.
             
          
           
             Valesius
             contro
             .
             lib.
             1.
             cap.
             5.
             
             Magyrus
             lib.
             3.
             cap.
             3.
             
          
           
             Quick
             Lyme
             .
          
           
             Subterranea●
             Fire
             .
          
           
             D
             :
             ditca
             lib.
             1.
             
          
           
             Comets
             ,
             probably
             not
             k●ndled
             substances
             .
          
           
             Metamorph.
             15.
             
          
           
             AEnta●
             .
             6.
             
          
           
             Agricola
             .
             Bacciusl
             .
             1.
             cap.
             19.
             
          
           
             Douatus
             de
             aquis
             Lucensibus
             lib.
             1.
             cap.
             18.
             
          
           
             Gesaer
             .
             Epist
             .
             lib.
             3.
             pag.
             90.
             
          
           
             Lib.
             1.
             cap.
             ult
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A46281-e19260
           
             *
             What
             Dr.
             French
             hath
             said
             against
             this
             opinion
             ,
             may
             be
             seen
             if
             the
             19
             ,
             20
             ,
             &
             21.
             pages
             of
             his
             Yorkshire
             Spaw
             .
          
           
             Thurneiser
             Alchimia
             magna
             lib.
             4
             .
             c.8
             .
          
           
             *
             The
             cause
             of
             the
             heat
             in
             Bath
             ,
             assigned
             by
             Dr.
             Rouzee
             ,
             is
             their
             motion
             and
             agitation
             in
             the
             bowels
             of
             the
             Earth
             ,
             falling
             from
             Cataracts
             and
             broken
             Concavities
             in
             the
             same
             .
             But
             afterwards
             ,
             lighting
             on
             this
             opinion
             of
             Dr.
             Jordens
             ,
             he
             is
             so
             far
             from
             disliking
             ,
             that
             he
             apdeservedly
             plauds
             it
             ,
             and
             callls
             this
             work
             learned
             and
             elaborate
             .
             
               Vid.
               Lud.
               Rouz
               .
               Tr.
            
             of
             Tunbr
             .
             water
             ,
             p.
             20
             ,
             21.
             
             &
             22.
             in
             margine
             .
          
           
             Martin
             .
             de
             prima
             generations
             .
          
           
             Lib.
             2
             :
             cap.
             98.
             
          
           
             Georg.
             3.
             
          
           
             A
             brief
             collection
             of
             the
             the
             Authors
             arguments
             against
             the
             opinions
             of
             others
             touching
             the
             actual
             heat
             of
             Bathes
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             De
             gen
             .
             animal
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             De
             gen
             .
             animal
             ,
             cap.
             3.
             
          
           
             In
             praefat
             .
             in
             Opticum
             Euclidis
             .
             De
             triplici
             caelo
             lib.
             ●
             .
             c.
             4
             .
          
           
             2
             Meteorol
             .
             c.2
             ;
          
           
             Trism●gistus
             in
             Asclepio
             .
             c.7
             .
             In
             Pimandro
             cap.
             1
             .
          
           
             Lib.
             de
             constat
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A46281-e20980
           
             6
             De
             tuenda
             sanitat
             .
             cap.
             9
             .
          
           
             Baths
             of
             Bath
             consist
             principally
             of
             Bitumen
             With
             Nitre
             ,
             and
             some
             Sulphur
             .
          
           
             Thesauri
             aquarii
             pag.
             cap
             .
             40.
             
          
           
             Is
             Pancirollum
             de
             deperditis
             pag.
             540.
             
          
           
             Prosper
             .
             Alpinus
             de
             medic
             .
             Agyptioiuml
             .
             4
             .
             c.3
             .
             De
             vita
             &
             marte
             pag.
             304.
             
          
           
             Warm
             drink
             commended
             .
          
           
             I.W.
             
          
           
             Lib.
             ae
             humi●o●um
             usu
             .
          
           
             Simpl.
             cap
             .
             16.
             lib.
             5
             .
             sum
             1.
             tract
             .
             4
             .
             s
             lib.
             2.
             tract
             .
             3
             .
             cap.
             624.
             
          
           
             Baccius
             lib.
             2.
             
             Claudiaus
             p.
             377.
             
             De
             aere
             ,
             aquis
             &
             locis
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A46281-e21680
           
             †
             This
             is
             now
             done
             ,
             and
             a
             dry
             Pump
             there
             erected
             in
             the
             year
             1661.
             at
             the
             City
             charge
             ,
             by
             the
             procurement
             of
             Mr.
             
               Iohn
               Ford
            
             ,
             Apothecary
             ,
             then
             Mayor
             of
             the
             City
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A46281-e22170
           
             1
             Tetrah
             .
             serm
             .
             3
             cap.
             167.
             
             Trallian
             .
             l.
             10.
             cap.
             1.
             
          
           
             Orib
             .
             l.
             10
             .
             c.3
             .
             AEgin
             .
             l.1.c.52
             .
             Actu
             .
             l.3.c
             .
             10.
             
          
           
             Cap.
             5.
             
          
           
             Hypoc
             .
             de
             aere
             ;
             aquis
             ,
             &
             locis
             .
          
           
             ●
             .
             de
             tuenda
             sanitate
             cap.
             9.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A46281-e22390
           
             Do
             compos
             .
             med
             .
             s
             .
             locos
             1.8
             .
             c.
             7
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A46281-e23010
           
             *
             In
             Historia
             AEsc
             la●ii
             ,
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
          
           
             Omne
             tulit
             punctum
             ,
             qui
             miscuit
             utile
             dulci.
             Her.
             de
             Art.
             Poet.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A46281-e23850
           
             G.
             M.
             
          
           
             Nephew
             ,
             as
             some
             write
             .
          
           
             Supposed
             to
             be
             the
             fall
             of
             Dover
             by
             some
             ;
             by
             others
             ,
             the
             Haw
             at
             Plimmouth
             .
          
           
             Called
             therefore
             by
             the
             W●lch
             ,
             Loygar
             ,
             &
             ●●g●ors
             .
          
           
             Called
             by
             other
             Writers
             ,
             Hu●ys
             or
             Hunnys
             ,
             King
             of
             Hunesy
             or
             Scythia
             ,
             receiving
             the
             name
             of
             Humber
             or
             Humbardus
             ,
             after
             his
             comeing
             into
             Scotland
             .
          
           
             Others
             write
             she
             was
             daughter
             to
             a
             King
             of
             Almaine
             ,
             and
             brought
             with
             two
             others
             thence
             by
             Humbardus
             .
          
           
             Alias
             〈◊〉
             .
          
           
             Otherwise
             called
             Habre●
             .
          
           
             Alias
             Madan
             ,
             &
             Madian
             .
          
           
             Some
             make
             Mempricc
             to
             have
             slain
             his
             younger
             brother
             Manlinus
             (
             as
             he
             is
             sometimes
             called
             )
             and
             Ebranc
             to
             be
             the
             Son
             of
             Memprice
             .
             Or
             part
             of
             Germany
             ,
             as
             others
             .
             
               Caer
               Ebranc
            
             .
             Others
             write
             he
             had
             20
             Wives
             ,
             of
             which
             he
             begat
             20
             Sons
             ,
             and
             30
             daughters
             .
             Alias
             Brut.
             -greveshield
             ,
             and
             Brut●grenshield
             .
          
           
             
               Alias
               Lud
               ,
               Ludhurdebras
               ,
               Rudibras
            
             :
             He
             is
             said
             by
             others
             to
             be
             the
             Son
             of
             Leill
             .
          
           
             Called
             sometimes
             Bladud
             and
             Baldud
             .
          
           
             †
             〈◊〉
             Malmsb
             .
             〈…〉
             
          
           
             Epod.
             7.
             
          
           
             By.
             p.
             38
             .
          
           
             Cambden
             By.
             p.
             234.
             
          
           
             †
             This
             is
             also
             mentioned
             by
             Bale
             ,
             
               de
               script
               .
               Aug.
            
             in
             his
             account
             of
             
               Bladud
               .
               vid.
               insra
            
             Cap.
             5.
             
          
           
             Io●cs
             Bathes
             Aide
             p.
             2.
             b.
             
          
           
             Bede
             .
             Basil
             .
             Bale
             .
          
           
             †
             Others
             ,
             863.
             
          
           
             By
             Bale
             he
             is
             said
             to
             be
             the
             tenth
             King
             of
             the
             Britains
             .
          
           
             cap.
             17.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A46281-e27050
           
             Mat.
             Westm
             .
          
           
             Engl.
             Chron.
             
          
           
             Lanquet
             .
          
           
             Ant.
             Br.
             Ab.
             Ms.
             
          
           
             Alias
             Aselepiodatus
             .
          
           
             Others
             256.
             
          
           
             Britannice
             Caercolyn
             .
          
           
             Br.
             p.
             234.
             
          
           
             Anglorum
             Basilcus
             omniumque
             Regum
             Irsularum
             oceani
             quae
             Britanniam
             circumjacent
             cunctarumque
             Nationum
             quae
             infraeam
             includuntur
             impeytor
             &
             Dominus
             .
             
               Henr.
               Spelm.
            
             Co●c
             .
             Tom.
             1.
             p.
             432
             .
             &
             Seldenus
             in
             Mar.
             Clans
             .
             Militat
             omnis
             amans
             ,
             &
             habet
             sua
             castra
             Cupido
             .
             Ovid.
             
          
           
             An.
             973.
             
             
               Mat.
               Westm
            
             .
          
           
             Cambden
             ubi
             supra
             .
          
           
             Yet
             N.
             
          
           
             Aut.
             Br.
             Abb.
             Ms.
             
          
           
             Cambden
             .
             Br.
             p.
             234.
             
          
           
             Concerning
             his
             supposed
             Tomb
             ,
             and
             place
             of
             bursal
             ,
             see
             Chap.
             4
             .
             Domesday-Book
             .
          
           
             Cambden
             ,
             Br.
             p.
             234
             .
          
           
             p.
             298.
             
          
           
             p.
             299.
             
          
           
             Libell
             .
             Rub.
             de
             Bath
             .
             Ms.
             
          
           
             God●
             .
             Cat.
             p.
             364
             .
          
           
             p.
             363.
             
          
           
             De
             Gen.
             An.
             Exer●
             .
             5
             .
             p.m.
             60.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A46281-e29340
           
             775
             1010
             
          
           
             1088
             
          
           
             L.
             de
             leg
             .
          
           
             Gul.
             Mal
             asb
             .
          
           
             †
             The
             Charters
             of
             
               William
               Rufus
            
             and
             H.
             1.
             for
             translating
             his
             See
             to
             Bathe
             ,
             and
             the
             manner
             thereof
             ,
             may
             be
             seen
             in
             Mr.
             
               Dugdales
               Monast
               .
               Augl
               .
               pp.
            
             185
             ,
             186.
             
          
           
             1137
             
          
           
             †
             
               He
               was
               confirmed
               Bishop
               ●
               by
               King
            
             Hen.
             3.
             
               his
               Patent
            
             ,
             ad
             instantiam
             Demini
             Papae
             ,
             de
             gratia
             Regis
             Speciali
             ,
             salve
             jure
             Regis
             ,
             &
             Ecclefiae
             Wellensis
             .
             P.
             28.
             
             H.
             3.
             m.
             6.
             intus
             .
          
           
             Br.
             P.
             234
             :
          
           
             Judges
             9.
             
          
           
             D.F.
             
          
           
             So●●ers
             .
             p.
             19.
             
          
           
             Historia
             .
          
           
             775.
             
          
           
             1010.
             
          
           
             1088.
             
          
           
             Agyrta
             .
          
           
             1137.
             
          
           
             1495.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A46281-e33010
           
             ad
             .
             lib.
             3.
             
          
           
             Here
             lies
             Mary
             Vibia
             .
          
           
             〈◊〉
             B●
             .
             ●
             p.
             360.
             
          
           
             Ant.
             Rom.
             L.
             10.
             c.
             2●
             .
          
           
             Al.
             ab
             .
             Alex.
             Gen.
             dier
             .
             L.8
             .
             c.
             20
             .
          
           
             Cat.
             Si●on
             .
             de
             Jur.
             Rom.
             l.
             1.
             c.
             15.
             
             Rosc
             .
             Ant.
             Rom.
             1.
             x.
             c.
             5.
             
          
           
             Ca●bden
             .
             Br.
             p.
             72.
             
          
           
             Caius
             .
             Carausius
             .
             Pius
             .
             Falix
             .
             Augustus
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A46281-e35040
           
             p.
             14
             
          
           
             Carbl●us
             Br.
             pag.
             233.
             
          
           
             Ru●ewuad
             .
             De
             Baln
             .
             Aq.
             p.
             11.
             12.
             
             &c.
             
          
           
             〈◊〉
             Bath●●●
             .
          
        
         
           Notes for div A46281-e35870
           
             De
             Baln
             .
             Aq.
             p.
             18.
             
          
        
         
           Notes for div A46281-e36190
           
             Cap.
             17.
             
          
           
             Rurem
             .
             de
             Bal.
             Aq.
             p.
             21.
             
          
           
             Therme
             Nitrosae
             omnino
             easdem
             facultates
             habent
             ,
             quas
             Salsae
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             Fuch
             .
             Inst
             .
             Med.
             lib.
             2●
             S.
             5.
             c.
             28.