The history of Iustine taken out of the four and forty books of Trogus Pompeius contaning [sic] the affairs of all ages and countrys, both in peace and war, from the beginning of the world untill the time of the Roman emperors : together with the epitomie of the lives and manners of the Roman emperors from Octavius Augustus Cæsar to the Emperor Theodosius / translated into English by Robert Codrington ...
         Historiae Philippicae. English
         Justinus, Marcus Junianus.
      
       
         
           1654
        
      
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         ESTC R21545
         12484182
         ocm 12484182
         62253
         
           
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             The history of Iustine taken out of the four and forty books of Trogus Pompeius contaning [sic] the affairs of all ages and countrys, both in peace and war, from the beginning of the world untill the time of the Roman emperors : together with the epitomie of the lives and manners of the Roman emperors from Octavius Augustus Cæsar to the Emperor Theodosius / translated into English by Robert Codrington ...
             Historiae Philippicae. English
             Justinus, Marcus Junianus.
             Trogus, Pompeius.
             Codrington, Robert, 1601-1665.
          
           [14], 606, [31] p.
           
             Printed for William Gilbertson ...,
             London :
             1654.
          
           
             Errata: p. [31] at end.
             Reproduction of original in Yale University Library.
             Includes index.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           History, Ancient.
           Emperors -- Rome.
        
      
    
     
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           THE
           HISTORY
           OF
           IVSTINE
           ,
           Taken
           out
           of
           the
           four
           and
           forty
           BOOKS
           OF
           TROGUS
           POMPEIUS
           :
        
         
           CONTANING
           The
           Affairs
           of
           all
           Ages
           ,
           and
           Countrys
           ,
           both
           in
           Peace
           and
           War
           ,
           from
           the
           beginning
           of
           the
           World
           untill
           the
           Time
           of
           the
           Roman
           EMPERORS
           .
        
         
           Together
           ,
           With
           the
           Epitomie
           of
           the
           Lives
           and
           Manners
           of
           the
           
             Roman
             Emperors
          
           ,
           from
           
             Octavius
             Augustus
             Caesar
          
           ,
           to
           the
           Emperor
           Theodosius
           .
        
         
           Translated
           into
           English
           by
           
             Robert
             Codrington
          
           ,
           Master
           of
           ARTS
           .
        
         
           LONDON
           ,
           Printed
           for
           
             William
             Gilbertson
          
           ,
           and
           are
           to
           be
           sold
           at
           the
           sign
           of
           the
           Bible
           in
           Gilt-Spur
           .
           Street
           without
           Newgate
           ,
           1654.
           
        
      
       
         
         
         
           To
           the
           most
           Illustrious
           OLIVER
           ,
           Lord
           Protector
           of
           the
           Common-Wealth
           of
           the
           three
           Nations
           of
           
             England
             ,
             Ireland
          
           ,
           and
           Scotland
           ,
           and
           the
           Dominions
           thereunto
           belonging
           .
        
         
           
             My
             Lord
             ,
          
        
         
           SO
           great
           is
           the
           happiness
           that
           we
           already
           do
           enjoy
           under
           Your
           Highness
           Protection
           ,
           that
           we
           have
           neither
           
           hearts
           nor
           hopes
           ,
           but
           what
           are
           armed
           with
           a
           Confidence
           ,
           that
           from
           the
           tempests
           and
           the
           discords
           of
           VVar
           we
           shall
           gradually
           return
           to
           the
           harmony
           of
           the
           Arts
           ,
           nor
           act
           any
           more
           VVars
           in
           our
           Fields
           ,
           but
           content
           ourselves
           with
           the
           reading
           of
           them
           in
           our
           Histories
           at
           home
           ;
           being
           crowned
           with
           a
           Safety
           ,
           as
           accomplished
           as
           Peace
           and
           Plenty
           ,
           and
           as
           Piety
           
           her self
           can
           make
           it
           .
        
         
           Neither
           is
           this
           
             (
             My
             Lord
          
           )
           the
           Expectation
           onely
           of
           the
           three
           Nations
           united
           in
           this
           Common-wealth
           ,
           but
           of
           Fo●raign
           States
           and
           Princes
           ,
           who
           as
           much
           dread
           as
           gratulate
           your
           Greatness
           ,
           to
           which
           the
           differing
           Counsels
           of
           the
           State
           ,
           and
           the
           lowd
           necessities
           of
           the
           moving
           times
           ,
           and
           no
           desires
           of
           your
           own
           did
           call
           you
           .
        
         
         
           This
           is
           that
           
             (
             My
             Lord
          
           )
           which
           will
           yet
           raise
           you
           higher
           ,
           and
           which
           will
           establish
           you
           in
           that
           height
           .
           He
           stands
           fast
           who
           is
           advanced
           ,
           and
           upheld
           by
           the
           hand
           of
           Providence
           ,
           which
           even
           by
           the
           mightiest
           of
           your
           Enemies
           will
           be
           acknowledged
           ;
           who
           surprized
           as
           .
           much
           with
           envy
           as
           admiration
           ,
           shall
           finde
           the
           Presence
           and
           the
           Power
           of
           GOD
           in
           the
           wonder
           
           of
           your
           Victories
           ;
           And
           from
           the
           observation
           and
           the
           Course
           of
           your
           Actions
           ,
           they
           may
           before-hand
           pass
           a
           judgement
           on
           themselves
           ,
           either
           of
           their
           Happiness
           or
           their
           Dangers
           .
        
         
           In
           this
           History
           ,
           your
           Highness
           may
           observe
           by
           what
           Arts
           Empires
           and
           Kingdoms
           have
           been
           Erected
           ,
           and
           how
           justly
           they
           have
           suffered
           when
           the
           corruptions
           of
           Peace
           did
           
           deliver
           them
           to
           the
           Examination
           of
           the
           Sword
           ,
           to
           be
           either
           reformed
           or
           destroyed
           ;
           You
           may
           observe
           how
           the
           VVorld
           hath
           been
           Inhabited
           by
           several
           Plantations
           ,
           which
           though
           many
           of
           them
           may
           seem
           neer
           unto
           a
           Fable
           ,
           yet
           doubtless
           there
           is
           something
           of
           Truth
           in
           them
           ,
           as
           may
           appear
           by
           what
           is
           rehearsed
           of
           the
           Iews
           ;
           whose
           Ancestry
           ,
           and
           whose
           Religion
           being
           
           precisely
           concealed
           from
           the
           observation
           of
           the
           Gentiles
           ,
           it
           is
           to
           be
           wondred
           how
           
             Trogus
             Pompeius
          
           knew
           so
           much
           ;
           and
           that
           Tacitus
           ,
           who
           lived
           many
           years
           after
           him
           ,
           and
           when
           the
           Iews
           had
           a
           Synagogue
           in
           Rome
           ,
           should
           know
           so
           little
           ,
           and
           in
           that
           little
           ,
           should
           fall
           so
           short
           of
           the
           Truth
           .
        
         
           
             My
             Lord
          
           ,
           This
           History
           in
           the
           Original
           was
           dedicated
           to
           
             Antoninus
             Pius
          
           ,
           
           an
           Emperor
           so
           admirable
           for
           his
           Government
           ,
           that
           the
           striving
           gratulations
           of
           those
           officious
           times
           wherein
           he
           lived
           ,
           when
           they
           could
           finde
           no
           parallel
           for
           him
           ,
           they
           had
           recourse
           unto
           Antiquity
           ,
           and
           compared
           him
           unto
           Numa
           .
           I
           have
           presumed
           
             (
             My
             Lord
          
           )
           to
           prefer
           the
           Translation
           of
           it
           to
           your
           Highness
           Protection
           ,
           whose
           Courage
           ,
           and
           whose
           
           candor
           is
           beyond
           Example
           ,
           and
           whose
           Piety
           is
           greater
           then
           both
           .
           The
           Idolatry
           of
           the
           Romans
           decreed
           divine
           Honours
           to
           Antoninus
           ,
           and
           imployed
           all
           their
           Eloquence
           to
           extoll
           him
           ,
           being
           dead
           .
           It
           shall
           be
           the
           Business
           of
           our
           zeal
           to
           wait
           upon
           your
           Lawrels
           ,
           and
           with
           the
           eloquence
           of
           a
           bended
           knee
           to
           implore
           the
           Almighty
           to
           continue
           you
           long
           amongst
           us
           the
           Protector
           
           of
           true
           Religion
           ,
           and
           the
           Delight
           and
           Defender
           of
           the
           Arts
           ;
           and
           that
           when
           by
           a
           late
           Death
           you
           shall
           be
           taken
           from
           us
           ,
           our
           suffrages
           may
           be
           so
           happy
           as
           to
           find
           a
           Successor
           like
           unto
           you
           :
           So
           prayeth
        
         
           
             My
             Lord
             ,
          
           
             Your
             Highness
             most
             humble
             and
             most
             devoted
             Servant
             Robert
             Codrington
             .
          
        
         
      
       
         
         
           The
           History
           of
           Iustine
           ,
        
         
         
           THE
           INTRODVCTION
           OF
           IVSTINE
           ,
           The
           most
           famous
           Historian
           ,
           to
           the
           Histories
           of
           
             Trogus
             Pompeius
          
           ,
           Dedicated
           to
           the
           Emperor
           ANTONINVS
           .
        
         
           WHereas
           many
           of
           the
           Romans
           ,
           and
           men
           of
           Consulary
           dignity
           ,
           have
           committed
           to
           History
           the
           Roman
           Affairs
           both
           in
           Greek
           and
           other
           tongues
           ;
           
             Trogus
             Pompeius
          
           ,
           a
           man
           of
           ancient
           eloquence
           ,
           being
           delighted
           either
           with
           the
           desire
           of
           glory
           ,
           or
           with
           the
           variety
           and
           novelty
           of
           the
           enterprize
           ,
           did
           compose
           in
           Latine
           not
           only
           the
           History
           of
           Greece
           ,
           but
           the
           History
           also
           of
           the
           whole
           world
           ,
           that
           as
           the
           Roman
           affairs
           are
           read
           in
           Greek
           ,
           so
           now
           the
           affairs
           of
           Greece
           may
           be
           read
           in
           the
           Roman
           tongue
           :
           and
           if
           the
           works
           of
           other
           Authors
           ,
           discoursing
           on
           the
           acts
           of
           several
           Kings
           and
           Nations
           do
           seem
           to
           them
           to
           be
           a
           task
           of
           arduous
           
           difficul●y
           ,
           ought
           not
           Pompeius
           seem
           unto
           us
           with
           Herculean
           boldness
           to
           adventure
           through
           the
           whole
           world
           ,
           in
           whose
           books
           the
           acts
           of
           all
           Ages
           ,
           Kings
           ,
           Nations
           and
           People
           are
           contained
           ?
           And
           what
           the
           Greek
           Historians
           have
           confusedly
           thrust
           together
           as
           every
           one
           thought
           best
           unto
           himself
           ,
           
             srogus
             Pompeius
          
           (
           some
           things
           being
           omitted
           which
           were
           judged
           to
           be
           superfluous
           )
           hath
           digested
           the
           rest
           into
           order
           ,
           the
           whole
           work
           being
           distinguished
           by
           time
           ,
           &
           by
           the
           course
           and
           Series
           of
           the
           affairs
           .
           In
           the
           leisures
           which
           in
           this
           City
           I
           enjoyed
           ,
           I
           have
           carefully
           collected
           out
           of
           his
           four
           and
           forty
           books
           (
           for
           so
           many
           he
           did
           publish
           )
           all
           things
           which
           did
           proffer
           themselves
           to
           observation
           :
           and
           I
           have
           composed
           as
           it
           were
           one
           Posie
           of
           flowers
           of
           them
           ,
           those
           things
           being
           left
           out
           which
           were
           neither
           delightful
           for
           the
           pleasure
           of
           knowledge
           ,
           nor
           profitable
           for
           example
           :
           to
           the
           end
           that
           both
           those
           who
           understand
           the
           Greek
           tongue
           might
           have
           wherewith
           to
           be
           remembred
           ,
           and
           those
           who
           understand
           it
           not
           may
           have
           wherewith
           to
           be
           informed
           .
           This
           I
           have
           transmitted
           unto
           you
           Emperor
           Antoninus
           ,
           not
           to
           improve
           your
           knowledge
           ,
           but
           to
           correct
           the
           defects
           thereof
           :
           as
           also
           that
           I
           may
           give
           you
           an
           account
           even
           of
           my
           leisures
           ,
           of
           which
           Cato
           recordeth
           ,
           that
           an
           account
           is
           to
           be
           rendred
           .
           Your
           approbation
           even
           in
           this
           time
           will
           be
           sufficient
           for
           me
           ,
           by
           which
           ,
           when
           envy
           and
           detraction
           shall
           be
           gone
           ,
           Posterity
           shall
           receive
           a
           testimony
           of
           my
           industry
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           The
           First
           Book
           OF
           JUSTINE
           THE
           HISTORIAN
           ,
           Taken
           out
           of
           the
           Histories
           of
           
             Trogus
             Pompeius
          
           .
        
         
           IN
           the
           beginning
           of
           Affairs
           ,
           the
           command
           of
           People
           and
           Nations
           was
           in
           the
           power
           of
           Kings
           ,
           whom
           no
           popular
           ambition
           ,
           but
           an
           approved
           moderation
           amongst
           good
           men
           did
           advance
           unto
           the
           height
           of
           Majesty
           .
           The
           people
           were
           restrained
           by
           no
           Laws
           ,
           the
           arbitrations
           of
           the
           Princes
           being
           in
           the
           place
           of
           Laws
           :
           It
           was
           their
           custome
           rather
           to
           defend
           then
           to
           enlarge
           the
           bounds
           of
           their
           Empires
           :
           Their
           own
           Countries
           were
           to
           every
           
           one
           the
           limits
           of
           their
           Kingdoms
           :
           Ninus
           King
           of
           the
           Assyrians
           was
           the
           first
           of
           all
           ,
           who
           by
           an
           immoderate
           desire
           of
           reign
           ,
           did
           change
           the
           ancient
           ,
           and
           (
           as
           it
           were
           )
           the
           hereditary
           custome
           of
           the
           Nations
           .
           He
           first
           made
           war
           upon
           his
           Neighbours
           ,
           and
           subdued
           the
           people
           (
           as
           yet
           unexperienced
           to
           resist
           )
           even
           to
           the
           bounds
           of
           Africk
           .
           There
           were
           indeed
           more
           antient
           in
           time
           ,
           as
           Vexores
           King
           of
           Egypt
           ,
           and
           Tanais
           King
           of
           Scythia
           ,
           one
           of
           whom
           advanced
           into
           Pontus
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           as
           far
           as
           Egypt
           ;
           but
           their
           wars
           were
           remote
           ,
           and
           not
           on
           their
           neighbouring
           Countreys
           :
           neither
           sought
           they
           domination
           for
           themselves
           ,
           but
           glory
           for
           their
           people
           :
           and
           being
           contented
           with
           victory
           ,
           they
           abstained
           from
           the
           tyranny
           of
           command
           .
           Ninus
           with
           continued
           happiness
           confirmed
           the
           greatness
           of
           his
           acquired
           power
           ;
           therefore
           the
           next
           Nations
           unto
           him
           being
           subdued
           ,
           he
           by
           the
           access
           of
           new
           powers
           ,
           did
           always
           march
           more
           strong
           against
           the
           others
           ;
           and
           every
           last
           victory
           being
           the
           promoting
           of
           the
           following
           ,
           he
           overcame
           all
           the
           Nations
           of
           the
           East
           .
           His
           last
           war
           was
           with
           Zoroastres
           King
           of
           the
           Bactrians
           ,
           who
           is
           said
           first
           of
           all
           to
           have
           found
           out
           the
           art
           of
           Magick
           ,
           and
           most
           diligently
           to
           have
           observed
           the
           beginnings
           of
           the
           world
           ,
           and
           the
           motions
           of
           the
           stars
           .
           He
           being
           slain
           ,
           Ninus
           deccased
           himself
           ,
           his
           son
           Ninus
           whom
           he
           had
           by
           Semiramis
           being
           not
           yet
           of
           age
           :
           she
           not
           daring
           to
           deliver
           up
           the
           
           Empire
           to
           a
           boy
           ,
           nor
           openly
           to
           exercise
           the
           command
           of
           it
           her self
           ,
           so
           many
           and
           so
           great
           Nations
           being
           scarcely
           to
           be
           obedient
           to
           a
           man
           ,
           much
           less
           unto
           a
           woman
           ,
           did
           counterfeit
           her self
           to
           be
           the
           son
           instead
           of
           the
           wise
           of
           Ninus
           ,
           and
           a
           boy
           instead
           of
           a
           woman
           .
           They
           were
           both
           of
           a
           middle
           stature
           ,
           their
           voyce
           but
           soft
           ;
           their
           complexion
           and
           features
           of
           face
           ,
           and
           the
           lineaments
           of
           their
           bodies
           were
           alike
           both
           in
           the
           mother
           and
           the
           son
           :
           she
           therefore
           with
           rayment
           covered
           her
           arms
           and
           thighs
           ,
           and
           put
           a
           tire
           on
           her
           head
           ;
           and
           that
           she
           might
           not
           seem
           to
           conceal
           any
           thing
           by
           her
           new
           habit
           ,
           she
           commanded
           the
           people
           to
           be
           clothed
           in
           the
           same
           attire
           ,
           which
           that
           whole
           Nation
           have
           ever
           since
           observed
           :
           Having
           thus
           counterfeiced
           her
           Sex
           ,
           she
           was
           believed
           to
           be
           a
           boy
           .
           After
           this
           she
           made
           her self
           famous
           by
           great
           atchievements
           ,
           by
           the
           magnificence
           whereof
           when
           she
           thought
           she
           had
           overcome
           all
           envy
           ,
           she
           c●nfes●ed
           who
           she
           was
           ,
           and
           whom
           she
           had
           counterfeited
           ;
           neither
           did
           this
           take
           away
           from
           her
           the
           dignity
           of
           her
           Government
           ,
           but
           increased
           her
           admiration
           ,
           that
           a
           woman
           not
           only
           surpassed
           her
           sex
           ,
           but
           even
           men
           in
           vertue
           .
           She
           builded
           Babylon
           ,
           and
           encompassed
           it
           with
           a
           wall
           of
           Brick
           ,
           being
           interlined
           with
           Rozen
           ,
           Sand
           ,
           Pitch
           ,
           which
           in
           those
           places
           the
           earth
           doth
           everywhere
           cast
           up
           :
           There
           were
           many
           other
           famous
           acts
           of
           this
           Queen
           ;
           for
           not
           content
           to
           defend
           the
           Boundaries
           
           of
           the
           Empire
           obtained
           by
           her
           husband
           ,
           she
           not
           only
           added
           Aethiopia
           to
           it
           ,
           but
           she
           carried
           the
           war
           into
           India
           ,
           which
           besides
           her
           and
           Alexander
           the
           Great
           never
           any
           in
           vaded
           .
           At
           last
           when
           she
           desired
           to
           lie
           with
           her
           son
           ,
           she
           was
           killed
           by
           him
           ,
           having
           reigned
           two
           and
           forty
           years
           after
           Ninus
           .
           Her
           son
           Ninns
           being
           contented
           with
           the
           Empire
           purchased
           by
           his
           Parents
           ,
           did
           abandon
           the
           study
           of
           war
           ,
           and
           as
           if
           he
           had
           changed
           his
           sex
           with
           his
           mother
           ,
           he
           grew
           old
           in
           the
           company
           of
           Ladies
           ,
           being
           seldome
           at
           any
           time
           seen
           by
           men
           ;
           his
           Successors
           also
           following
           his
           example
           ,
           gave
           answers
           to
           the
           Nations
           by
           their
           Agents
           .
           The
           Assyrians
           ,
           who
           afterwards
           were
           called
           Syrians
           ,
           did
           possess
           the
           Empire
           for
           the
           space
           of
           one
           thousand
           and
           three
           hundred
           yeers
           .
           The
           last
           that
           reigned
           was
           Sardanapalus
           ,
           a
           man
           more
           dissolute
           then
           a
           woman
           .
           When
           his
           Lieutenant
           over
           the
           
             Medes
             ,
             Arbactus
          
           by
           name
           ,
           after
           great
           solicitation
           could
           hardly
           be
           admitted
           into
           his
           presence
           ,
           which
           was
           vouchsafed
           unto
           none
           before
           him
           ,
           he
           found
           him
           amongst
           a
           throng
           of
           Concubines
           spinning
           Purple
           on
           a
           distaff
           ,
           and
           distributing
           their
           tasks
           unto
           them
           ,
           and
           exceeding
           them
           all
           both
           in
           the
           effeminacy
           of
           his
           habit
           ,
           the
           softness
           of
           his
           body
           ,
           and
           the
           wanton
           glances
           of
           his
           eye
           :
           Which
           things
           observed
           ,
           Arbactus
           being
           possest
           with
           indignation
           ,
           that
           so
           many
           men
           should
           be
           subjet
           to
           such
           a
           woman
           ,
           and
           that
           those
           who
           did
           
           bear
           arms
           should
           obey
           a
           Spinster
           ,
           repairing
           to
           his
           companions
           ,
           he
           did
           communicate
           to
           them
           what
           he
           beheld
           ;
           he
           denied
           that
           he
           could
           pay
           Homage
           unto
           him
           who
           had
           rather
           be
           a
           woman
           then
           a
           man.
           A
           conspiracy
           therefore
           was
           plotted
           ,
           and
           war
           was
           made
           on
           Sardanapalus
           ,
           which
           he
           understanding
           ,
           (
           not
           as
           a
           man
           who
           would
           defend
           his
           Kingdom
           ,
           but
           as
           women
           at
           the
           fear
           of
           death
           )
           he
           looked
           first
           about
           where
           to
           hide
           him
           ;
           then
           with
           a
           few
           ,
           and
           those
           out
           of
           all
           military
           order
           ,
           he
           advanced
           to
           the
           battell
           ;
           being
           overcome
           ,
           he
           retired
           himself
           into
           his
           Court
           ,
           where
           a
           pile
           of
           wood
           being
           prepared
           and
           burning
           ,
           he
           threw
           himself
           and
           his
           riches
           into
           the
           fire
           ,
           in
           this
           only
           having
           imitated
           a
           man
           :
           After
           this
           Arbactus
           the
           Governor
           of
           the
           Medes
           ,
           and
           the
           killer
           of
           the
           King
           ,
           was
           made
           King
           himself
           ;
           he
           translated
           the
           Empire
           from
           the
           Assyrians
           to
           the
           Medes
           :
           After
           many
           Kings
           the
           Kingdom
           did
           descend
           to
           Astyages
           by
           the
           order
           of
           Succession
           .
           He
           in
           a
           dream
           beheld
           a
           Vine
           to
           spring
           from
           the
           womb
           of
           his
           only
           daughter
           ,
           by
           the
           branches
           whereof
           all
           Asia
           was
           shadowed
           :
           The
           Magicians
           being
           asked
           their
           counsel
           ,
           they
           made
           answer
           ,
           that
           from
           the
           same
           daughter
           he
           should
           have
           a
           Grandchild
           whose
           greatness
           was
           presaged
           ,
           and
           that
           he
           himself
           should
           lose
           the
           Kingdom
           :
           Being
           amazed
           at
           this
           answer
           ,
           he
           gave
           his
           daughter
           in
           marriage
           neither
           to
           a
           Gentleman
           nor
           to
           a
           Citizen
           ,
           
           lest
           the
           nobility
           of
           the
           Father
           and
           Mother
           should
           elevate
           the
           mind
           of
           his
           Grandchild
           ,
           but
           to
           Cambyses
           a
           mean
           man
           ,
           and
           one
           at
           that
           time
           of
           the
           obscure
           Nation
           of
           the
           Persians
           :
           And
           the
           fear
           of
           his
           dream
           being
           not
           thus
           taken
           off
           ,
           he
           sent
           for
           his
           daughter
           being
           great
           with
           child
           ,
           that
           the
           child
           should
           especially
           be
           killed
           in
           the
           sight
           of
           the
           Grandfather
           .
           The
           Infant
           being
           born
           ,
           was
           delivered
           to
           Harpagus
           (
           a
           partaker
           with
           the
           King
           in
           all
           his
           counsels
           )
           to
           be
           killed
           .
           He
           fearing
           that
           if
           the
           King
           being
           dead
           ,
           and
           the
           Empire
           divolved
           to
           his
           daughter
           ,
           because
           that
           Astyages
           had
           no
           male-child
           ,
           she
           would
           take
           that
           revenge
           from
           the
           servant
           which
           she
           could
           not
           from
           the
           father
           for
           the
           murder
           of
           her
           son
           ,
           did
           deliver
           the
           Babe
           to
           the
           Kings
           Shepheard
           to
           be
           exposed
           in
           the
           woods
           to
           the
           mercy
           of
           wilde
           beasts
           .
           It
           so
           fell
           out
           ,
           that
           at
           the
           same
           time
           the
           Shepheard
           had
           a
           son
           born
           ;
           his
           wife
           ,
           hearing
           of
           the
           exposition
           of
           this
           royall
           Infant
           ,
           did
           earnestly
           intreat
           her
           husband
           that
           the
           child
           might
           be
           brought
           home
           and
           shewed
           her
           :
           Returning
           to
           the
           wood
           he
           found
           a
           bitch
           close
           unto
           the
           Infant
           giving
           suck
           unto
           him
           ,
           and
           defending
           him
           from
           the
           birds
           and
           beasts
           :
           and
           being
           himself
           moved
           to
           compassion
           ,
           with
           which
           he
           saw
           the
           bitch
           to
           be
           touched
           ,
           he
           brought
           the
           Infant
           to
           his
           cottage
           ,
           the
           bitch
           all
           the
           way
           sollicitously
           following
           him
           ;
           as
           soon
           as
           the
           woman
           took
           him
           into
           her
           arms
           ,
           the
           boy
           danced
           as
           to
           a
           note
           of
           
           musick
           ;
           and
           there
           appeared
           in
           him
           such
           a
           vigor
           ,
           and
           such
           sweet
           smiles
           of
           flattering
           innocence
           ,
           that
           the
           wife
           of
           her
           own
           accord
           did
           desire
           the
           Shepheard
           to
           expose
           her
           own
           child
           for
           him
           ,
           and
           to
           give
           her
           leave
           to
           bring
           up
           that
           boy
           either
           for
           his
           hopefulness
           ,
           or
           for
           his
           fortune
           ;
           and
           thus
           the
           condition
           of
           the
           little
           ones
           being
           changed
           ,
           the
           one
           was
           brought
           up
           for
           the
           Shepheard
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           exposed
           for
           the
           Grand
           child
           of
           the
           King.
           The
           name
           of
           the
           Nurse
           was
           afterwards
           called
           Spacon
           ,
           for
           so
           the
           Persians
           do
           call
           a
           bitch
           .
           The
           boy
           being
           brought
           up
           amongst
           the
           Shepheards
           ,
           received
           the
           name
           of
           Cyrus
           .
           Not
           long
           after
           being
           by
           lot
           chosen
           King
           amongst
           his
           Play-fellows
           ,
           when
           by
           wantonness
           he
           punished
           those
           who
           appeared
           to
           be
           stubborn
           with
           stripes
           ,
           a
           complaint
           was
           brought
           from
           the
           fathers
           of
           the
           boys
           to
           the
           King
           ,
           disdaining
           that
           the
           sons
           of
           ingenuous
           men
           should
           be
           whipped
           like
           slaves
           by
           a
           servant
           of
           the
           Kings
           .
           The
           boy
           being
           sent
           for
           ,
           and
           the
           reason
           of
           it
           demanded
           ,
           when
           with
           a
           countenance
           nothing
           changed
           ,
           he
           made
           answer
           ,
           that
           he
           did
           as
           a
           King
           ;
           the
           King
           admiring
           his
           constancy
           ,
           did
           call
           to
           mind
           his
           dream
           ,
           and
           the
           answer
           of
           the
           Magitians
           into
           his
           memory
           ;
           and
           when
           his
           Physiognomy
           and
           likeness
           ,
           and
           the
           time
           of
           his
           being
           exposed
           ,
           and
           the
           confession
           of
           the
           Shepheard
           did
           all
           agree
           ,
           he
           acknowledged
           him
           to
           be
           his
           Grandchild
           ;
           and
           because
           he
           thought
           he
           was
           clear
           of
           his
           dream
           ,
           
           the
           domination
           of
           Cyrus
           being
           exercised
           amongst
           the
           Shepheards
           ,
           he
           only
           dismissed
           him
           with
           a
           check
           :
           but
           being
           angry
           with
           Harpagus
           in
           revenge
           of
           his
           preserved
           Grandchild
           ,
           he
           slew
           his
           own
           son
           ,
           and
           delivered
           him
           to
           his
           father
           to
           feast
           on
           ;
           Harpagus
           for
           the
           present
           having
           dissembled
           his
           grief
           ,
           deferred
           his
           hatred
           of
           the
           act
           to
           an
           occasion
           of
           revenge
           .
        
         
           Some
           yeers
           after
           this
           ,
           when
           Cyrus
           grew
           into
           years
           ,
           Harpagus
           being
           admonished
           with
           his
           grief
           that
           he
           was
           childless
           ,
           did
           write
           unto
           Cyrus
           how
           he
           was
           made
           over
           by
           his
           Grandfather
           to
           the
           Persians
           ,
           how
           he
           commanded
           him
           to
           be
           slain
           being
           a
           little
           one
           ,
           how
           he
           was
           preserved
           by
           his
           benefit
           ,
           how
           he
           had
           offended
           the
           King
           by
           it
           ,
           and
           lost
           his
           own
           son
           :
           He
           exhorted
           him
           to
           prepare
           an
           Army
           and
           advance
           the
           ready
           way
           into
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           promising
           that
           the
           Medes
           should
           turn
           unto
           him
           ;
           the
           Letter
           because
           it
           could
           not
           be
           carried
           openly
           ,
           (
           the
           Kings
           Garrisons
           guarding
           all
           the
           avenues
           )
           was
           put
           into
           the
           belly
           of
           a
           disentrail'd
           Hare
           ,
           and
           he
           Hare
           was
           delivered
           to
           a
           faithful
           servant
           to
           be
           carried
           to
           Cyrus
           into
           Persia
           ;
           Nets
           were
           also
           given
           to
           him
           ,
           that
           under
           the
           pretence
           of
           hunting
           the
           deceit
           might
           be
           more
           conceal'd
           .
           The
           Letters
           being
           read
           ,
           he
           was
           commanded
           in
           a
           dream
           to
           take
           the
           same
           course
           ,
           and
           was
           forewarned
           that
           whom
           he
           first
           should
           meet
           with
           on
           the
           next
           morning
           ,
           he
           should
           take
           him
           as
           a
           Companion
           
           in
           his
           enterprizes
           .
           Beginning
           his
           journey
           about
           the
           break
           of
           day
           ,
           he
           met
           with
           the
           servant
           of
           a
           
             Median
             ,
             Sybaris
          
           by
           name
           ,
           who
           lately
           had
           escaped
           out
           of
           prison
           ;
           his
           pedigree
           being
           demanded
           ,
           he
           no
           sooner
           understood
           that
           he
           was
           a
           Persian
           ,
           but
           his
           chains
           being
           knocked
           off
           ,
           he
           took
           him
           as
           his
           companion
           ,
           and
           returned
           to
           the
           City
           of
           Persopolis
           .
           The
           people
           being
           there
           called
           together
           ,
           he
           commanded
           all
           of
           them
           to
           be
           ready
           with
           their
           hatchets
           to
           cut
           down
           the
           wood
           that
           shut
           up
           the
           way
           ;
           which
           when
           they
           had
           cheerfully
           performed
           ,
           he
           invited
           them
           on
           the
           next
           day
           to
           a
           dinner
           ,
           and
           when
           he
           observ'd
           them
           made
           more
           cheerful
           ,
           he
           demanded
           of
           them
           ,
           that
           if
           a
           condition
           were
           propounded
           to
           them
           ,
           which
           course
           of
           life
           they
           would
           make
           choice
           of
           ,
           whether
           of
           yesterdays
           labor
           ,
           or
           of
           this
           days
           dinner
           ;
           as
           they
           all
           cryed
           out
           ,
           Of
           this
           days
           dinner
           ;
           you
           shall
           live
           all
           your
           lives
           ,
           said
           he
           ,
           like
           to
           yesterdays
           labor
           ,
           as
           long
           as
           you
           obey
           the
           Medes
           ;
           but
           if
           you
           will
           follow
           me
           ,
           you
           shall
           lead
           a
           life
           like
           to
           your
           present
           feasting
           .
           All
           of
           them
           rejoycing
           thereat
           ,
           he
           made
           war
           upon
           the
           
             Medians
             .
             Astyages
          
           forgetting
           what
           Harpagus
           had
           deserved
           of
           him
           ,
           did
           commit
           the
           chief
           command
           of
           the
           war
           unto
           him
           ;
           he
           no
           sooner
           received
           the
           Army
           ,
           but
           presently
           did
           betray
           it
           unto
           Cyrus
           ,
           revenging
           the
           cruelty
           of
           the
           King
           with
           the
           perfidiousness
           of
           revolt
           ;
           which
           when
           Astyages
           understood
           ,
           having
           from
           all
           places
           
           drawo
           together
           new
           forces
           ,
           he
           advanced
           in
           person
           against
           the
           Persians
           ,
           and
           the
           fight
           being
           begun
           again
           with
           great
           resolution
           ,
           whiles
           his
           men
           were
           in
           the
           height
           of
           the
           conflict
           ,
           he
           placed
           a
           part
           of
           his
           Army
           on
           their
           Rear
           ,
           and
           commanded
           them
           to
           fall
           on
           the
           flying
           souldiers
           with
           their
           swords
           as
           on
           enemies
           ,
           &
           proclaimed
           to
           those
           in
           the
           Van
           with
           him
           ,
           that
           unless
           they
           overcame
           ,
           they
           should
           find
           no
           less
           resolute
           men
           on
           their
           Rear
           then
           in
           their
           Front
           ;
           therefore
           he
           advised
           them
           to
           look
           to
           it
           ,
           whether
           this
           Army
           was
           to
           be
           broken
           by
           them
           flying
           ,
           or
           that
           by
           them
           fighting
           .
           Admonished
           by
           this
           necessity
           ,
           his
           Army
           did
           fight
           with
           great
           resolution
           ;
           therefore
           when
           the
           Army
           of
           the
           Persians
           (
           being
           forced
           )
           began
           to
           give
           ground
           a
           little
           ,
           their
           mothers
           and
           their
           wives
           did
           meet
           them
           ,
           and
           desired
           them
           to
           return
           into
           the
           battel
           ;
           the
           souldiers
           delaying
           to
           rally
           and
           to
           charge
           again
           ,
           the
           women
           pulling
           up
           their
           cloaths
           did
           shew
           them
           the
           nakedness
           of
           their
           bodies
           ,
           and
           asked
           them
           if
           they
           would
           fly
           back
           into
           the
           wombs
           of
           their
           mothers
           or
           their
           wives
           ;
           being
           restrained
           with
           this
           check
           ,
           they
           returned
           into
           the
           battel
           ,
           and
           having
           made
           a
           violent
           impression
           upon
           their
           enemies
           ,
           they
           inforce
           those
           of
           fly
           from
           whom
           before
           they
           fled
           .
        
         
           In
           this
           fight
           Astyages
           was
           taken
           ,
           from
           whom
           Cyrus
           took
           nothing
           but
           his
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           deported
           himself
           to
           him
           rather
           like
           a
           
           Grandchild
           then
           a
           Conqueror
           ;
           and
           because
           he
           would
           not
           return
           again
           unto
           the
           Medians
           ,
           he
           made
           him
           Governor
           of
           the
           populous
           Nation
           of
           the
           Hyrcanians
           .
           This
           was
           the
           end
           of
           the
           Empire
           of
           the
           Medes
           ,
           which
           continued
           three
           hundred
           and
           fifty
           years
           .
           Cyrus
           in
           the
           beginning
           of
           his
           Reign
           made
           Cybaris
           Governor
           of
           Persia
           ,
           &
           gave
           him
           his
           sister
           to
           marriage
           ,
           having
           according
           to
           his
           vision
           in
           the
           night
           delivered
           him
           from
           his
           chains
           ,
           and
           made
           him
           his
           companion
           in
           all
           his
           enterprizes
           .
           But
           the
           Cities
           of
           the
           Medians
           which
           were
           tributary
           ,
           thinking
           their
           condition
           changed
           with
           their
           Empire
           ,
           did
           revolt
           from
           Cyrus
           ,
           which
           was
           the
           cause
           and
           original
           of
           many
           wars
           unto
           him
           ;
           but
           the
           greatest
           part
           of
           them
           being
           at
           last
           subdued
           ,
           when
           he
           made
           war
           against
           the
           
             Babylonians
             ,
             Croesus
          
           the
           King
           of
           the
           Lydians
           who
           in
           those
           days
           was
           famous
           for
           his
           treasure
           and
           rich
           moveables
           ,
           did
           march
           to
           their
           assistance
           ;
           but
           being
           overcome
           ,
           and
           solicitous
           for
           his
           own
           safety
           ,
           he
           fled
           into
           his
           back
           Kingdom
           .
           Cyrus
           after
           this
           victory
           having
           setled
           the
           affairs
           in
           Babylon
           ,
           did
           carry
           the
           war
           into
           Lydia
           ,
           where
           he
           easily
           overcame
           the
           Army
           of
           Croesus
           ;
           they
           being
           discouraged
           at
           the
           fortune
           of
           the
           former
           fight
           ,
           Craesus
           himself
           was
           taken
           ;
           but
           by
           how
           much
           the
           war
           was
           of
           the
           less
           danger
           ,
           by
           so
           much
           the
           milder
           was
           the
           victory
           .
           Croesus
           had
           his
           life
           ,
           and
           some
           parts
           of
           his
           Patrimony
           ,
           and
           the
           City
           Borce
           granted
           to
           
           him
           ,
           in
           which
           although
           he
           lived
           not
           a
           Kingly
           life
           ,
           yet
           it
           was
           next
           to
           Kingly
           Majesty
           .
           This
           clemency
           was
           no
           less
           profitable
           to
           the
           Conqueror
           then
           the
           Conquered
           ;
           for
           it
           being
           known
           that
           war
           was
           made
           against
           him
           ,
           Auxiliaries
           came
           in
           such
           great
           numbers
           to
           him
           out
           of
           all
           Greece
           ,
           as
           to
           extinguish
           a
           common
           fire
           ;
           so
           great
           was
           the
           love
           which
           the
           Cities
           in
           general
           did
           profess
           to
           Croesus
           ,
           that
           Cyrus
           would
           have
           pull'd
           a
           heavy
           war
           from
           all
           Greece
           upon
           himself
           ,
           if
           he
           had
           determined
           any
           thing
           too
           cruelly
           against
           Croesus
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           process
           of
           time
           Cyrus
           being
           imployed
           in
           other
           wars
           ,
           the
           Lydians
           again
           rebelled
           ,
           who
           being
           again
           overcome
           ,
           their
           horses
           and
           arms
           were
           taken
           from
           them
           ,
           and
           they
           were
           commanded
           to
           exercise
           voluptuous
           and
           effeminate
           arts
           and
           employments
           ,
           by
           which
           means
           that
           industrious
           &
           heretofore
           powerful
           and
           warlike
           Nation
           being
           weakned
           by
           sloth
           and
           riot
           ,
           did
           lose
           their
           antient
           vertue
           ,
           and
           whom
           before
           Cyrus
           no
           wars
           could
           master
           ,
           being
           fallen
           into
           luxury
           ,
           ease
           and
           excess
           did
           overcome
           .
           The
           Lydians
           had
           many
           Kings
           before
           Croesus
           famous
           for
           many
           adventures
           ;
           but
           the
           fortune
           of
           Candaules
           is
           to
           be
           compared
           unto
           none
           ,
           who
           ,
           when
           he
           made
           his
           wife
           the
           subject
           of
           all
           his
           discourse
           ,
           whom
           he
           too
           much
           loved
           for
           the
           excellence
           of
           her
           beauty
           ;
           and
           as
           if
           silence
           were
           the
           enemy
           of
           beauty
           ,
           being
           not
           content
           with
           the
           tacit
           conscience
           
           of
           his
           pleasures
           ,
           unless
           he
           revealed
           the
           secrets
           of
           wedlock
           ,
           to
           add
           at
           last
           a
           proof
           to
           his
           asseveration
           ,
           shewed
           her
           naked
           to
           his
           companion
           Gyges
           ,
           by
           which
           fact
           he
           made
           both
           his
           friend
           his
           enemy
           ,
           being
           allured
           to
           commit
           adultery
           with
           his
           wife
           ,
           and
           her
           love
           being
           thus
           betrayed
           to
           another
           ,
           he
           estranged
           his
           wife
           from
           himself
           ;
           for
           not
           long
           after
           the
           murder
           of
           Candaules
           ,
           was
           the
           reward
           of
           the
           marriage
           .
           The
           wife
           being
           ●ndowred
           with
           the
           blood
           of
           her
           husband
           ,
           delivered
           both
           her self
           and
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           her
           Husband
           to
           her
           adulterer
           :
           
             Cyrus
             ,
             Asia
          
           being
           overcome
           ,
           and
           all
           the
           East
           brought
           into
           his
           power
           ,
           did
           make
           war
           upon
           the
           Scythians
           .
           In
           that
           time
           Thomyris
           was
           Queen
           of
           the
           Scythians
           ,
           who
           being
           not
           (
           like
           a
           woman
           )
           affrighted
           at
           the
           approach
           of
           her
           enemies
           ,
           she
           suffered
           them
           to
           pass
           over
           the
           river
           of
           Araxes
           when
           she
           might
           have
           hindred
           them
           ,
           conceiving
           that
           the
           event
           of
           the
           battell
           would
           prove
           more
           successful
           to
           her
           within
           the
           bounds
           of
           her
           own
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           flight
           would
           be
           more
           difficult
           to
           her
           enemies
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           interposition
           of
           the
           river
           ;
           Cyrus
           therefore
           when
           he
           had
           passed
           over
           his
           forces
           ,
           having
           advanced
           a
           little
           further
           into
           Scythia
           ,
           did
           there
           pitch
           his
           tents
           ;
           on
           the
           next
           day
           dissembling
           a
           fear
           ,
           as
           if
           he
           flying
           back
           had
           forsaken
           his
           Camp
           ,
           he
           left
           behind
           him
           great
           store
           of
           wine
           ,
           and
           of
           those
           things
           which
           were
           necessary
           for
           a
           Banquet
           ,
           
           which
           when
           it
           was
           declared
           to
           the
           Queen
           ,
           she
           sent
           her
           young
           son
           to
           pursue
           him
           with
           the
           third
           part
           of
           the
           Army
           .
           When
           he
           came
           to
           Cyrus
           Camp
           ,
           the
           young
           man
           being
           unexperienced
           in
           the
           affairs
           of
           war
           ,
           forgetting
           his
           enemies
           ,
           and
           as
           if
           he
           came
           to
           feast
           and
           not
           to
           fight
           ,
           did
           permit
           the
           Barbarians
           ,
           unaccustomed
           to
           wine
           ,
           to
           overburthen
           themselves
           with
           it
           ,
           and
           the
           Scythians
           were
           overcome
           with
           wine
           before
           they
           were
           overcome
           in
           war
           ;
           for
           this
           being
           discovered
           ,
           Cyrus
           returning
           by
           night
           did
           oppress
           them
           ,
           not
           thinking
           of
           him
           ,
           and
           put
           all
           the
           Scythians
           to
           the
           sword
           ,
           and
           the
           son
           of
           their
           Queen
           .
           Thomyris
           (
           so
           great
           an
           Army
           being
           lost
           ,
           and
           which
           is
           more
           to
           be
           lamented
           ,
           her
           only
           son
           )
           did
           not
           pour
           forth
           her
           grief
           into
           tears
           that
           she
           was
           childless
           ,
           but
           did
           reserve
           it
           into
           the
           comfort
           of
           revenge
           ,
           and
           with
           the
           like
           policy
           of
           deceit
           circumvented
           her
           enemies
           insulting
           at
           their
           late
           victory
           ;
           for
           counterfeiting
           a
           distrust
           of
           her
           strength
           ,
           and
           retiring
           in
           some
           disorder
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           loss
           received
           ,
           she
           brought
           Cyrus
           into
           a
           straight
           betwixt
           two
           hills
           ,
           where
           her
           Ambuscado
           being
           lodged
           ,
           she
           killed
           two
           hundred
           thousand
           of
           the
           Persians
           ,
           with
           the
           King
           himself
           .
           In
           which
           victory
           this
           also
           was
           memorable
           ,
           That
           there
           remained
           not
           a
           messenger
           of
           so
           great
           an
           overthrow
           .
           The
           head
           of
           Cyrus
           being
           cut
           off
           ,
           the
           Queen
           commanded
           it
           to
           be
           cast
           into
           a
           tub
           filled
           with
           the
           blood
           of
           men
           ,
           with
           this
           exprobration
           
           of
           his
           cruelty
           ,
           
             Satisfie
             thy self
          
           ,
           she
           said
           ,
           
             with
             blood
             which
             thou
             thirstedst
             after
             ,
             and
             of
             which
             thou
             hast
             always
             been
             insatiable
             .
             Cyrus
          
           did
           reign
           thirty
           yeers
           ,
           being
           admirably
           remarkable
           not
           only
           in
           the
           beginning
           of
           h●s
           reign
           ,
           but
           by
           a
           continual
           success
           through
           all
           his
           life
           .
           His
           son
           Cambyses
           did
           succeed
           him
           ,
           who
           add●d
           Aegypt
           to
           his
           Fathers
           Empire
           ;
           but
           being
           offended
           with
           the
           superstitions
           of
           the
           Aegyptians
           ,
           he
           commanded
           the
           Temples
           of
           Apis
           ,
           and
           of
           others
           of
           their
           Gods
           to
           be
           demolished
           ;
           He
           sent
           also
           his
           Army
           to
           destroy
           the
           most
           famous
           Temple
           of
           Ammon
           ,
           which
           Army
           was
           lost
           ,
           being
           overwhelmed
           with
           tempests
           ,
           and
           with
           hills
           of
           sands
           .
           After
           this
           he
           saw
           in
           his
           sleep
           that
           his
           brother
           Mergides
           should
           reign
           ;
           being
           affrighted
           at
           which
           vision
           ,
           he
           delayed
           not
           to
           commit
           parricide
           after
           sacriledge
           ;
           for
           it
           was
           not
           easie
           for
           him
           to
           spare
           his
           own
           ,
           who
           had
           committed
           violence
           against
           the
           Gods.
           To
           this
           so
           cruell
           an
           execution
           he
           selected
           one
           of
           his
           friends
           ,
           a
           Magician
           called
           Comaris
           .
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           ,
           he
           himself
           being
           grievously
           wounded
           in
           the
           thigh
           with
           his
           own
           sword
           dropping
           by
           chance
           out
           of
           his
           scabberd
           ,
           died
           of
           that
           wound
           ,
           and
           endured
           the
           punishment
           either
           of
           parricide
           commanded
           ,
           or
           of
           sacriledge
           committed
           .
           This
           being
           made
           known
           by
           a
           Mesenger
           ,
           Magus
           committed
           the
           villany
           before
           the
           death
           of
           the
           King
           was
           reported
           ,
           and
           Mergides
           
           being
           killed
           ,
           to
           whom
           the
           Kingdom
           was
           due
           ,
           he
           sub●litu●ed
           his
           own
           brother
           Oropastes
           in
           his
           room
           ;
           for
           he
           was
           like
           unto
           him
           in
           the
           favor
           of
           face
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           lineaments
           of
           body
           ,
           and
           no
           man
           suspecting
           the
           deceit
           ,
           Oropastes
           was
           made
           King
           in
           the
           stead
           of
           Mergides
           ;
           which
           was
           reserved
           the
           more
           private
           ,
           because
           amongst
           the
           Persians
           the
           person
           of
           the
           King
           under
           the
           awful
           pretext
           of
           Majes●ie
           is
           always
           concealed
           :
           Therefore
           the
           Magi
           to
           win
           unto
           them
           the
           favor
           of
           the
           people
           ,
           did
           forbear
           the
           Tributes
           ,
           and
           granted
           a
           vacation
           from
           wars
           for
           three
           yeers
           ,
           that
           they
           might
           confirm
           the
           Government
           to
           them
           by
           favours
           and
           largesses
           which
           they
           had
           obtained
           by
           deceit
           ,
           which
           was
           first
           suspected
           by
           Orthanes
           ,
           one
           of
           the
           Nobility
           ,
           a
           man
           of
           a
           most
           sharp
           apprehension
           ;
           therefore
           by
           his
           Agents
           he
           enquires
           of
           his
           daughter
           ,
           who
           was
           one
           of
           the
           Kings
           Concubines
           ,
           whether
           the
           Son
           of
           Cyrus
           were
           King
           or
           no
           ;
           who
           returned
           answer
           ,
           that
           she
           did
           not
           know
           it
           her self
           ,
           nor
           could
           learn
           it
           of
           another
           ,
           because
           every
           one
           of
           them
           were
           shut
           up
           by
           themselves
           .
           He
           then
           commanded
           her
           to
           feel
           his
           head
           being
           asleep
           ,
           for
           Cambyses
           had
           cut
           off
           both
           the
           ears
           of
           Magus
           .
           Being
           then
           assured
           by
           his
           daughter
           that
           the
           King
           was
           without
           ears
           ,
           he
           decla●ed
           it
           to
           the
           Nobility
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           Religion
           of
           an
           Oath
           ,
           did
           oblige
           them
           to
           the
           slaughter
           of
           this
           counterfeit
           King.
           There
           were
           only
           seven
           that
           
           were
           conscious
           of
           this
           confederacy
           ,
           who
           immediately
           ,
           that
           they
           might
           not
           have
           the
           leisure
           to
           repent
           and
           disclose
           the
           plot
           ,
           with
           swords
           under
           their
           garments
           did
           repair
           to
           the
           Court.
           There
           those
           being
           killed
           whom
           they
           met
           with
           in
           the
           way
           ,
           they
           came
           unto
           the
           Magi
           ,
           who
           wanted
           not
           courage
           to
           defend
           themselves
           ;
           for
           with
           drawn
           swords
           they
           killed
           two
           of
           the
           Conspirators
           ;
           howsoever
           they
           were
           apprehended
           by
           the
           greater
           number
           ,
           one
           of
           whom
           being
           fast
           in
           the
           arms
           of
           Gobrias
           ,
           his
           companions
           doubting
           lest
           they
           should
           kill
           him
           in
           the
           stead
           of
           Magus
           ,
           because
           it
           was
           acted
           in
           a
           dark
           place
           ,
           he
           commanded
           them
           to
           make
           sure
           work
           of
           it
           ,
           though
           the
           sword
           should
           pass
           even
           thorough
           his
           own
           body
           ;
           but
           fortune
           so
           disposing
           ,
           he
           was
           preserved
           ,
           and
           Magus
           slain
           .
           The
           Magi
           being
           destroyed
           ,
           great
           was
           the
           glory
           which
           these
           Princes
           did
           obtain
           for
           the
           Kingdome
           restored
           ;
           but
           greater
           far
           was
           their
           glory
           in
           this
           ,
           that
           when
           they
           were
           in
           debate
           on
           a
           Successor
           ,
           they
           did
           so
           well
           agree
           upon
           it
           ;
           for
           they
           were
           so
           equal
           in
           vertue
           and
           nobility
           ,
           that
           the
           equality
           could
           hardly
           give
           an
           advantage
           to
           the
           people
           in
           the
           Election
           :
           They
           therefore
           of
           themselves
           found
           out
           a
           way
           by
           which
           they
           might
           commit
           a
           triall
           of
           themselves
           both
           to
           Religion
           and
           to
           Fortune
           .
           They
           did
           all
           agree
           ,
           that
           on
           an
           appointed
           morning
           they
           should
           on
           the
           break
           of
           day
           come
           every
           one
           on
           horseback
           before
           the
           
           Court
           ,
           and
           he
           whose
           horse
           was
           first
           heard
           to
           neigh
           before
           the
           rising
           of
           the
           Sun
           ,
           he
           should
           be
           King.
           For
           the
           Persians
           do
           believe
           the
           Sun
           to
           be
           the
           only
           God
           ,
           and
           that
           horses
           are
           consecrated
           to
           him
           .
           Darius
           the
           son
           of
           Hystaspes
           was
           one
           of
           their
           Associates
           ,
           who
           being
           desirous
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           the
           master
           of
           his
           horse
           assured
           him
           ,
           that
           if
           that
           were
           all
           which
           made
           the
           victory
           doubtful
           ,
           he
           should
           take
           no
           more
           care
           for
           it
           ;
           therefore
           on
           the
           night
           before
           the
           appointed
           day
           he
           brought
           a
           Mare
           to
           the
           same
           place
           ,
           and
           did
           let
           loose
           the
           horse
           unto
           her
           ,
           conceiving
           by
           eagerness
           to
           the
           Venereal
           pleasure
           that
           it
           would
           so
           fall
           out
           ,
           as
           indeed
           it
           did
           .
           On
           the
           next
           day
           when
           they
           all
           met
           on
           the
           prefixed
           hour
           ,
           the
           horse
           of
           Darius
           ,
           the
           place
           being
           known
           unto
           him
           ,
           did
           presently
           neigh
           aloud
           ,
           out
           of
           his
           desire
           to
           the
           Mare
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           horses
           being
           dull
           and
           heavy
           ,
           did
           give
           a
           happy
           auspication
           to
           his
           Master
           .
           So
           great
           was
           the
           moderation
           of
           the
           rest
           of
           the
           Nobility
           ,
           that
           this
           auspication
           being
           heard
           ,
           they
           rather
           leaped
           then
           alighted
           from
           their
           horses
           ,
           and
           saluted
           Darius
           King.
           The
           people
           also
           following
           the
           approbation
           of
           the
           Princes
           ,
           did
           constitute
           him
           King.
           Thus
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           the
           Persians
           being
           recovered
           by
           the
           vertue
           of
           seven
           of
           the
           most
           noble
           of
           the
           Princes
           ,
           in
           so
           short
           a
           space
           ,
           was
           conferred
           into
           the
           power
           of
           one
           .
           It
           is
           altogether
           incredible
           to
           consider
           with
           what
           a
           pious
           gallantry
           this
           
           was
           done
           ,
           insomuch
           that
           they
           refused
           not
           to
           dye
           themselves
           to
           pluck
           the
           Kingdom
           from
           the
           Magi
           ;
           howsoever
           Darius
           besides
           his
           personableness
           and
           his
           vertue
           ,
           worthy
           of
           the
           Empire
           ,
           was
           of
           neer
           relation
           in
           blood
           to
           the
           ancient
           Kings
           ;
           therefore
           in
           the
           beginning
           of
           his
           Reign
           ,
           to
           confirm
           it
           with
           royal
           Nuptials
           ,
           he
           took
           to
           wife
           the
           daughter
           of
           Cyrus
           ,
           that
           so
           the
           Kingdom
           might
           not
           seem
           to
           be
           translated
           to
           a
           stranger
           ,
           but
           to
           be
           returned
           into
           the
           Family
           of
           Cyrus
           .
           In
           process
           of
           time
           ,
           when
           the
           Assyrians
           revolced
           ,
           and
           had
           possessed
           themselves
           of
           Babylon
           ,
           and
           the
           King
           being
           in
           a
           passion
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           difficulty
           of
           the
           Siege
           ,
           Zopyrus
           one
           of
           the
           seven
           Confederates
           ,
           gave
           command
           that
           his
           body
           at
           his
           own
           house
           should
           be
           torn
           all
           over
           with
           rods
           ,
           and
           that
           his
           nose
           ,
           lips
           ,
           and
           ears
           should
           be
           cut
           off
           ,
           and
           in
           this
           posture
           he
           unexpectedly
           presented
           himself
           to
           the
           King.
           Darius
           being
           amazed
           ,
           and
           demanding
           the
           cause
           of
           so
           foul
           and
           deformed
           a
           violence
           ,
           he
           softly
           informed
           him
           to
           what
           purpose
           it
           was
           done
           ;
           and
           prepar'd
           with
           counsel
           for
           the
           design
           ,
           he
           made
           haste
           to
           Babylon
           under
           the
           Title
           of
           a
           Renegado
           .
           There
           he
           shewed
           unto
           the
           people
           his
           dismembred
           body
           ;
           He
           complained
           of
           the
           cruelty
           of
           the
           King
           ,
           by
           whom
           he
           was
           over-reach'd
           in
           his
           share
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           not
           ▪
           by
           vertue
           ,
           but
           by
           auspice
           ;
           not
           by
           the
           judgment
           of
           men
           ,
           but
           by
           the
           neighing
           of
           a
           horse
           ;
           he
           adviseth
           
           them
           to
           take
           an
           example
           from
           his
           friends
           what
           his
           enemies
           must
           expect
           ;
           he
           exhorts
           them
           not
           to
           trust
           unto
           their
           wals
           more
           then
           to
           their
           arms
           ,
           and
           that
           they
           would
           suffer
           themselves
           to
           mannage
           the
           common
           war
           with
           fresh
           and
           doubled
           resolutions
           .
           The
           nobility
           and
           vertue
           of
           the
           man
           was
           known
           to
           them
           all
           ,
           neither
           did
           they
           doubt
           of
           his
           fidelity
           ,
           having
           the
           wounds
           on
           his
           body
           ,
           and
           those
           marks
           of
           injury
           as
           the
           pledges
           of
           it
           .
           He
           was
           therefore
           made
           Captain
           by
           the
           consent
           of
           all
           ,
           and
           once
           and
           again
           the
           Persians
           on
           purpose
           giving
           back
           ,
           he
           made
           with
           a
           small
           party
           successful
           encounters
           .
           At
           last
           ,
           when
           the
           whole
           Army
           was
           committed
           to
           his
           charge
           ,
           he
           betrayed
           it
           to
           the
           King
           ,
           and
           reduced
           the
           whole
           City
           into
           his
           power
           .
           After
           this
           ,
           Darius
           made
           war
           against
           the
           Scythians
           ,
           which
           shall
           be
           declared
           in
           the
           following
           volume
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           The
           Second
           Book
           OF
           IVSTINE
           .
        
         
           IN
           this
           relation
           of
           the
           atchievements
           of
           the
           Scythians
           which
           were
           of
           large
           extent
           and
           magnificence
           ,
           we
           must
           derive
           their
           Pedigree
           from
           their
           first
           original
           ;
           for
           they
           had
           beginnings
           as
           illustrious
           as
           was
           their
           Empire
           ,
           and
           were
           no
           less
           famous
           under
           the
           government
           of
           women
           then
           of
           men
           ;
           for
           the
           men
           did
           found
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           the
           Parthians
           and
           the
           Bactrians
           ,
           and
           the
           women
           did
           erect
           the
           kingdom
           of
           the
           Amazons
           ;
           if
           you
           consider
           the
           deeds
           done
           both
           by
           the
           men
           and
           women
           ,
           it
           will
           be
           uncertain
           to
           determine
           which
           of
           their
           Sexes
           were
           most
           famous
           .
           The
           Nation
           of
           the
           Scythians
           was
           always
           esteemed
           to
           be
           of
           all
           most
           antient
           ;
           although
           for
           a
           long
           time
           there
           was
           a
           contention
           betwixt
           the
           Scythians
           
           and
           Egyptians
           ,
           concerning
           the
           Antiquity
           of
           their
           Nations
           .
           The
           Egyptians
           alleadging
           that
           in
           the
           beginning
           of
           all
           things
           ,
           when
           other
           Lands
           did
           burn
           with
           the
           immoderate
           heat
           of
           the
           Sun
           ,
           or
           were
           frozen
           with
           the
           extremity
           of
           the
           cold
           ;
           so
           that
           they
           were
           not
           onely
           incapable
           to
           produce
           men
           ,
           but
           could
           neither
           receive
           or
           entertain
           any
           adventitious
           ,
           before
           habiliments
           for
           their
           bodies
           were
           found
           out
           ,
           to
           defend
           them
           from
           the
           violence
           of
           the
           heat
           or
           cold
           ;
           or
           the
           intractableness
           of
           the
           places
           were
           made
           more
           tolerable
           by
           remedies
           procured
           by
           Art
           ;
           Egypt
           was
           always
           so
           temperate
           ,
           that
           neither
           the
           heat
           of
           the
           Summer
           ,
           nor
           the
           cold
           of
           the
           Winter
           ,
           did
           oppress
           her
           inhabitants
           .
           The
           soil
           was
           also
           so
           fruitful
           ,
           that
           no
           place
           did
           more
           abound
           with
           nourishment
           for
           the
           use
           of
           mankinde
           ;
           therefore
           it
           in
           reason
           may
           appear
           that
           men
           were
           first
           born
           there
           ,
           where
           they
           could
           most
           easily
           be
           brought
           up
           .
           On
           the
           other
           side
           ,
           the
           Scythians
           conceived
           the
           temper
           of
           the
           Heavens
           to
           be
           an
           Argument
           of
           no
           force
           to
           prove
           Antiquity
           ;
           for
           when
           Nature
           did
           first
           distribute
           the
           beginings
           either
           of
           heat
           or
           cold
           unto
           Countries
           ,
           she
           straight
           way
           ,
           not
           onely
           produced
           creatures
           to
           endure
           the
           constitution
           of
           that
           Clime
           ,
           but
           divers
           kinds
           of
           Fruits
           and
           Trees
           ,
           aptly
           qualified
           and
           suitable
           to
           the
           condition
           of
           the
           Countries
           .
           And
           by
           how
           much
           the
           Climate
           of
           the
           Scythians
           is
           
           more
           sharp
           then
           the
           Egyptians
           ,
           by
           so
           much
           their
           bodies
           and
           their
           understandings
           are
           more
           solid
           .
           But
           if
           the
           world
           was
           ever
           entire
           in
           one
           piece
           ,
           as
           it
           is
           now
           divided
           into
           many
           ;
           or
           if
           in
           the
           beginning
           of
           things
           the
           deluge
           of
           waters
           did
           overwhelm
           the
           earth
           ,
           or
           if
           the
           fire
           which
           begot
           the
           world
           did
           possess
           all
           things
           ;
           the
           Scythians
           in
           every
           respect
           were
           most
           antient
           in
           their
           original
           :
           for
           if
           the
           fire
           first
           possessed
           all
           things
           ,
           which
           by
           degrees
           being
           extinguished
           ,
           gave
           place
           unto
           the
           earth
           ;
           there
           was
           no
           place
           that
           was
           sooner
           severed
           from
           the
           fire
           then
           the
           North
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           cold
           ;
           as
           to
           this
           day
           it
           is
           to
           be
           seen
           ,
           that
           no
           Clime
           is
           more
           stiffe
           with
           Winter
           ;
           but
           Egypt
           and
           all
           the
           East
           received
           long
           afterwards
           their
           temper
           ,
           seeing
           it
           doth
           still
           burn
           with
           the
           violent
           heat
           of
           the
           Sun.
           On
           the
           other
           side
           ,
           if
           all
           Lands
           were
           heretofore
           drowned
           in
           the
           Deeps
           ,
           no
           doubt
           but
           every
           highest
           part
           (
           the
           waters
           flowing
           down
           )
           was
           first
           uncovered
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           water
           stayed
           for
           a
           long
           time
           in
           the
           lower
           Countries
           ;
           and
           the
           sooner
           that
           any
           part
           of
           the
           earth
           became
           dry
           before
           the
           other
           ,
           the
           sooner
           it
           began
           to
           bring
           forth
           creatures
           .
           But
           Scythia
           is
           so
           high
           in
           her
           situation
           above
           all
           other
           Lands
           ,
           that
           all
           Rivers
           which
           have
           their
           beginnings
           there
           ,
           do
           flow
           down
           first
           unto
           the
           Maeotick
           ,
           then
           into
           the
           Pontick
           ,
           and
           afterwards
           into
           the
           Egyptian
           
           Sea
           ,
           but
           Egypt
           (
           whose
           fences
           have
           been
           made
           at
           the
           care
           and
           charges
           of
           such
           great
           Kings
           ,
           and
           so
           many
           ages
           ,
           and
           provided
           with
           so
           many
           Banks
           against
           the
           force
           of
           the
           falling
           Rivers
           ,
           and
           cut
           into
           so
           many
           Ditches
           ,
           that
           when
           the
           waters
           are
           drayned
           from
           one
           place
           they
           are
           received
           into
           another
           ;
           and
           yet
           for
           all
           this
           cannot
           be
           inhabited
           ,
           unless
           Nilus
           too
           be
           excluded
           )
           cannot
           appear
           to
           pretend
           to
           any
           antiquity
           ,
           which
           both
           by
           the
           exaggeration
           either
           of
           her
           Kings
           ,
           and
           of
           Nilus
           drawing
           so
           much
           mud
           after
           it
           ,
           doth
           seem
           of
           all
           Lands
           to
           be
           the
           last
           inhabited
           .
           The
           Egyptians
           being
           overcome
           with
           these
           Arguments
           ,
           the
           Scythians
           were
           always
           esteemed
           the
           more
           Antient.
           Scythia
           being
           stretch'd
           forwards
           towards
           the
           East
           ,
           is
           inclos'd
           on
           one
           side
           with
           Pontus
           ,
           and
           on
           the
           other
           with
           the
           Riphaean
           mountains
           ,
           on
           the
           back
           of
           us
           with
           Asia
           ,
           and
           the
           River
           Phaesis
           .
           The
           men
           have
           no
           limits
           to
           their
           possessions
           ,
           they
           Till
           not
           the
           ground
           ,
           nor
           have
           any
           house
           or
           shelter
           ,
           or
           place
           of
           residence
           being
           accustomed
           to
           wander
           through
           waste
           and
           unfrequented
           places
           ,
           as
           they
           drive
           and
           feed
           their
           Cattel
           :
           they
           carry
           their
           wives
           and
           children
           with
           them
           in
           Waggons
           :
           Which
           (
           being
           covered
           with
           the
           Hides
           of
           Beasts
           to
           defend
           them
           from
           the
           showers
           and
           tempests
           )
           they
           do
           use
           in
           the
           stead
           of
           houses
           .
           The
           Justice
           of
           the
           Nation
           is
           more
           beautified
           by
           the
           simplicity
           
           of
           their
           conversation
           ,
           then
           by
           their
           Laws
           .
           There
           is
           no
           crime
           amongst
           them
           more
           capitall
           then
           theft
           ;
           for
           having
           flocks
           and
           droves
           without
           any
           house
           or
           fence
           ,
           what
           would
           be
           safe
           amongst
           them
           if
           it
           were
           lawful
           for
           them
           to
           steal
           ?
           they
           despise
           gold
           and
           silver
           as
           much
           as
           other
           men
           do
           covet
           it
           .
           They
           feed
           on
           milk
           and
           honey
           .
           The
           use
           of
           Wool
           and
           of
           Apparel
           is
           unknown
           unto
           them
           ;
           and
           because
           they
           are
           pinched
           with
           continual
           cold
           ,
           they
           are
           cloathed
           with
           the
           skins
           of
           wild
           beasts
           ,
           great
           and
           smal
           .
        
         
           This
           their
           continence
           hath
           endued
           them
           with
           such
           a
           righteousness
           of
           conversation
           ,
           that
           they
           covet
           not
           any
           thing
           which
           is
           their
           neighbours
           ;
           for
           there
           is
           the
           desire
           of
           riches
           where
           is
           the
           use
           of
           it
           ;
           and
           it
           were
           to
           be
           wished
           that
           in
           other
           men
           there
           were
           the
           like
           moderation
           and
           abstinence
           ;
           surely
           not
           so
           many
           wars
           should
           be
           continued
           through
           all
           Ages
           ,
           almost
           over
           all
           Lands
           ,
           neither
           should
           the
           sword
           devour
           more
           men
           then
           the
           natural
           condition
           of
           Fate
           .
           It
           is
           wonderful
           indeed
           ,
           that
           Nature
           hath
           granted
           that
           to
           these
           ,
           which
           the
           Grecians
           could
           not
           attain
           unto
           by
           the
           repeated
           Instructions
           of
           their
           wise
           men
           ,
           and
           the
           Precepts
           of
           their
           Philosophers
           ,
           and
           that
           their
           refined
           Manners
           should
           stoop
           in
           the
           comparison
           to
           unrefined
           Barbarism
           ;
           so
           much
           the
           ignorance
           of
           vices
           hath
           profited
           more
           in
           them
           ,
           then
           doth
           in
           others
           the
           knowledge
           of
           vertue
           .
           The
           Scythians
           thrice
           attempted
           the
           chief
           command
           
           of
           Asia
           ,
           they
           themselves
           did
           always
           remain
           either
           untouched
           or
           unconquered
           by
           the
           forces
           of
           others
           ;
           by
           a
           shamefull
           flight
           they
           removed
           from
           
             Scythia
             Darius
          
           King
           of
           the
           Persians
           .
           They
           destroyed
           Cyrus
           with
           all
           his
           Army
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           same
           manner
           they
           overthrew
           Zopyron
           one
           of
           the
           Commanders
           of
           Alexander
           the
           Great
           ,
           with
           all
           his
           power
           :
           They
           heard
           of
           ,
           but
           not
           felt
           the
           arms
           of
           the
           Romans
           .
           They
           erected
           the
           Parthian
           and
           Bactrian
           Kingdoms
           ,
           a
           Nation
           proud
           of
           war
           and
           labor
           .
           The
           strength
           of
           their
           bodies
           is
           great
           ,
           they
           lay
           up
           nothing
           which
           they
           are
           afraid
           to
           lose
           ,
           and
           where
           they
           are
           Conquerors
           ,
           they
           desire
           nothing
           but
           glory
           .
           Vexores
           King
           of
           Aegypt
           was
           the
           first
           that
           made
           war
           upon
           the
           Scythians
           ,
           having
           first
           by
           Ambassadors
           sent
           a
           Summons
           to
           them
           to
           obey
           him
           ;
           But
           the
           Scythians
           being
           before
           advertised
           by
           their
           Neighbours
           of
           the
           coming
           of
           the
           King
           ,
           made
           answer
           ,
           We
           wonder
           that
           the
           Commander
           of
           so
           rich
           a
           People
           should
           so
           foolishly
           make
           war
           against
           poor
           men
           ,
           having
           more
           reason
           to
           look
           to
           his
           affairs
           at
           home
           ;
           for
           here
           the
           event
           of
           the
           war
           is
           uncertain
           ,
           the
           rewards
           of
           the
           Conquest
           are
           none
           ,
           and
           the
           losses
           are
           apparent
           ;
           therefore
           they
           would
           not
           attend
           till
           he
           should
           come
           to
           them
           ,
           when
           in
           so
           great
           and
           rich
           an
           enemy
           there
           was
           more
           by
           them
           to
           be
           expected
           ,
           and
           therefore
           of
           their
           own
           accord
           they
           were
           resolved
           to
           meet
           him
           .
           Their
           deeds
           
           did
           jump
           and
           overtake
           their
           words
           ;
           and
           the
           King
           understanding
           that
           they
           marched
           towards
           him
           with
           so
           much
           speed
           ,
           he
           turned
           his
           back
           upon
           them
           ,
           and
           his
           Army
           with
           all
           the
           Bag
           and
           Baggage
           being
           left
           behind
           ,
           he
           timorously
           escaped
           into
           his
           Kingdom
           .
           The
           Marshes
           did
           hinder
           the
           Scythians
           from
           the
           pursuit
           .
           Being
           returned
           from
           thence
           they
           subdued
           Asia
           ,
           and
           made
           it
           tributary
           ,
           a
           small
           tribute
           being
           imposed
           rather
           to
           shew
           their
           titular
           Command
           ,
           then
           for
           any
           reward
           of
           their
           victory
           .
           Having
           stayed
           fifteen
           yeers
           in
           establishing
           the
           affairs
           of
           Asia
           ,
           they
           were
           called
           back
           by
           the
           importunity
           of
           their
           wives
           ,
           it
           being
           assured
           them
           by
           their
           Ambassadors
           ,
           that
           unless
           they
           did
           return
           with
           more
           speed
           ,
           they
           would
           seek
           for
           issue
           from
           their
           Neighbours
           ,
           nor
           ever
           suffer
           through
           their
           default
           ,
           that
           the
           Nations
           of
           the
           Scythians
           should
           have
           no
           name
           in
           posterity
           .
           Asia
           was
           tributary
           to
           the
           Scythians
           for
           the
           space
           of
           one
           thousand
           and
           five
           hundred
           yeers
           ;
           Ninus
           King
           of
           the
           Assyrians
           did
           put
           a
           period
           to
           the
           tribute
           :
           But
           in
           this
           interval
           of
           time
           ,
           two
           young
           men
           of
           royall
           blood
           amongst
           the
           
             Scythians
             ,
             Plinos
          
           and
           Scolopythus
           being
           driven
           from
           their
           own
           Countrey
           by
           the
           faction
           of
           the
           Nobility
           ,
           did
           draw
           with
           them
           a
           gallant
           and
           numerous
           train
           of
           young
           men
           ,
           and
           sitting
           down
           in
           the
           coast
           of
           Cappadocia
           ,
           neer
           unto
           the
           River
           of
           Thermodoon
           ,
           they
           did
           inhabite
           the
           Themiscyrian
           Plains
           
           which
           they
           had
           conquered
           to
           obedience
           :
           Being
           unaccustomed
           there
           for
           the
           space
           of
           many
           yeers
           to
           plunder
           their
           Neighbours
           ,
           they
           were
           at
           last
           slain
           through
           treachery
           by
           the
           conspiracy
           of
           the
           people
           .
           Their
           wives
           when
           they
           observed
           their
           punishment
           to
           be
           without
           children
           ,
           to
           be
           added
           to
           their
           banishment
           ,
           did
           put
           on
           arms
           ,
           and
           first
           by
           removing
           ,
           and
           afterwards
           by
           commencing
           wars
           ,
           they
           did
           defend
           their
           own
           Territories
           .
           They
           also
           did
           forbear
           the
           desire
           of
           marriage
           with
           their
           Neighbours
           ,
           calling
           i●
           slavery
           ,
           not
           Matrimony
           ;
           a
           singular
           example
           to
           Posterity
           .
           They
           did
           increase
           their
           Common-wealth
           without
           men
           ,
           at
           the
           same
           time
           when
           they
           did
           desend
           themselves
           with
           the
           contempt
           of
           them
           ;
           And
           lest
           some
           women
           should
           seem
           more
           happy
           then
           others
           ,
           they
           killed
           those
           men
           who
           did
           remain
           alive
           amongst
           them
           ,
           and
           afterwards
           prosecuted
           the
           revenge
           of
           their
           slaughtered
           husbands
           on
           the
           destruction
           of
           their
           Neighbors
           .
           Peace
           then
           being
           obtained
           by
           war
           ,
           lest
           their
           Nation
           should
           fail
           ,
           they
           mingled
           in
           copulation
           with
           their
           Neighbors
           ;
           If
           any
           male-children
           were
           born
           ,
           they
           were
           killed
           ;
           They
           exercised
           their
           Virgins
           in
           the
           same
           way
           of
           education
           as
           they
           were
           bred
           up
           themselves
           ,
           not
           in
           sloth
           ,
           or
           the
           manufactures
           of
           wool
           ,
           but
           in
           arms
           ,
           horses
           and
           hunting
           ,
           the
           right
           breasts
           of
           every
           Infant
           Virgin
           being
           bu●ned
           off
           ,
           that
           afterwards
           by
           not
           drawing
           of
           it
           home
           ,
           it
           should
           
           not
           hinder
           the
           force
           of
           the
           arrow
           from
           the
           Bowe
           ;
           from
           them
           they
           are
           called
           Amazons
           .
           They
           had
           two
           Queens
           ,
           Marthesia
           and
           Lampedo
           ,
           who
           ,
           their
           forces
           being
           divided
           into
           two
           parts
           ,
           being
           now
           renowned
           for
           their
           wealth
           ,
           did
           make
           war
           by
           turns
           ,
           carefully
           defending
           their
           Territories
           ;
           and
           because
           authority
           should
           not
           be
           wanting
           to
           their
           successes
           ,
           they
           declared
           that
           they
           were
           begotten
           of
           Mars
           .
           The
           greatest
           part
           of
           Europe
           being
           conquered
           ,
           they
           seized
           on
           several
           Cities
           in
           Asia
           also
           ,
           and
           having
           there
           builded
           Ephesus
           and
           many
           oher
           Towns
           ,
           they
           sent
           home
           one
           part
           of
           their
           Army
           laden
           with
           a
           migh●y
           booty
           :
           The
           rest
           who
           stayed
           behind
           to
           desend
           what
           they
           had
           got
           in
           Asia
           ,
           were
           overcome
           by
           the
           concourse
           of
           the
           Barbarians
           ,
           and
           were
           killed
           with
           their
           Queen
           Marthesia
           ;
           in
           whose
           place
           her
           daughter
           Orithya
           succeeded
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           who
           besides
           her
           singular
           industry
           in
           the
           war
           ,
           hath
           been
           admirable
           through
           all
           Ages
           for
           the
           preservation
           of
           her
           Virginity
           .
           By
           her
           prowess
           so
           much
           same
           and
           glory
           was
           derived
           to
           the
           Amazons
           ,
           that
           the
           King
           who
           imposed
           the
           twelve
           labours
           upon
           Hercules
           ,
           did
           command
           him
           as
           a
           task
           impossible
           to
           bring
           him
           the
           Arms
           of
           the
           Queen
           of
           the
           Amazons
           ;
           therefore
           he
           sayling
           thither
           with
           nine
           long
           ships
           did
           unexpectedly
           assault
           them
           ,
           the
           youth
           of
           the
           Princes
           of
           Greece
           accompanying
           him
           .
           Two
           ▪
           sisters
           of
           the
           four
           did
           then
           govern
           the
           Kingdom
           
           of
           the
           
             Amazons
             ,
             Antiopa
          
           ,
           and
           
             Orithya
             ;
             Orithya
          
           was
           then
           employed
           in
           the
           wars
           abroad
           ;
           When
           Hercules
           did
           steer
           towards
           the
           Amazonian
           shore
           ,
           there
           were
           but
           a
           small
           and
           unusual
           number
           with
           Antiopa
           the
           Queen
           ,
           fearing
           no
           invasion
           of
           an
           enemy
           ;
           wherefore
           it
           came
           to
           pass
           ,
           that
           a
           few
           being
           awakened
           by
           the
           sudden
           Alarum
           had
           recourse
           to
           Arms
           ,
           and
           became
           an
           easie
           victory
           to
           their
           Enemies
           ;
           many
           were
           slain
           and
           taken
           prisoners
           ,
           amongst
           whom
           were
           the
           two
           sisters
           of
           
             Antiopa
             ;
             Menalippe
          
           who
           was
           taken
           by
           Hercules
           ,
           and
           Hippolite
           by
           Theseus
           ,
           who
           having
           mnde
           his
           prisoner
           his
           reward
           ,
           did
           afterwards
           take
           her
           into
           marriage
           ,
           by
           whom
           he
           begat
           
             Hippolitus
             ;
             Hercules
          
           after
           the
           victory
           restored
           Menalippe
           to
           her
           sister
           ,
           and
           took
           for
           his
           reward
           the
           Armour
           of
           the
           Queen
           :
           and
           having
           performed
           what
           he
           was
           commanded
           ,
           he
           returned
           to
           the
           King.
           But
           Orithya
           returning
           ,
           when
           she
           found
           that
           a
           war
           was
           made
           upon
           her
           sisters
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           Prince
           of
           the
           Athenians
           was
           the
           chief
           actor
           ,
           she
           perswaded
           her
           companions
           to
           revenge
           ,
           alledging
           that
           Pontus
           and
           Asia
           were
           subdued
           in
           vain
           ,
           if
           they
           still
           lay
           open
           not
           only
           to
           the
           wars
           ,
           but
           to
           the
           rapines
           of
           the
           Grecians
           .
           She
           desired
           aid
           of
           S●g●llus
           King
           of
           the
           Scythians
           ,
           representing
           that
           she
           was
           of
           the
           same
           generation
           with
           him
           ;
           she
           made
           apparan●
           to
           him
           the
           destruction
           long
           ago
           of
           all
           the
           husbands
           of
           the
           Amazous
           ,
           the
           
           necessity
           that
           first
           made
           the
           women
           to
           take
           Arms
           ,
           and
           the
           causes
           of
           the
           war
           ,
           and
           that
           they
           had
           purchased
           by
           their
           vertue
           that
           the
           Scythians
           should
           not
           be
           found
           to
           have
           women
           less
           industrious
           then
           were
           the
           men
           .
           He
           being
           moved
           by
           the
           temptation
           of
           domestick
           glory
           ,
           did
           send
           his
           son
           Penaxagoras
           to
           her
           aid
           with
           a
           very
           great
           body
           of
           horse
           .
           But
           some
           difference
           being
           occasioned
           before
           the
           Battel
           ,
           she
           being
           abandoned
           of
           her
           Auxiliaries
           was
           overcome
           by
           the
           Athenians
           .
           Nevertheless
           she
           had
           the
           Tents
           of
           the
           Scythians
           for
           her
           receptacle
           ,
           by
           whose
           assistance
           being
           untouch'd
           by
           other
           Nations
           she
           returned
           into
           her
           Kingdom
           .
           After
           her
           Pensithelea
           enjoyed
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           who
           bringing
           aid
           against
           the
           Greeks
           ,
           and
           fighting
           in
           the
           Trojan
           war
           amongst
           the
           most
           valiant
           men
           ,
           did
           give
           many
           demonstrations
           of
           her
           singular
           valour
           ;
           but
           she
           being
           kill'd
           at
           last
           ,
           and
           her
           Army
           consumed
           ,
           those
           few
           that
           were
           left
           being
           nardly
           able
           to
           defend
           themselves
           against
           their
           Neighbours
           ,
           did
           continue
           unto
           the
           time
           of
           Alexander
           the
           Great
           .
           Their
           Queen
           Minothaea
           or
           Thalestris
           having
           obtained
           of
           Alexander
           for
           thi●teen
           days
           together
           to
           enjoy
           his
           company
           to
           have
           issue
           by
           him
           ,
           being
           returned
           to
           her
           Kingdom
           ,
           not
           long
           after
           was
           extinguished
           ,
           and
           with
           her
           the
           whole
           name
           of
           the
           Amazons
           .
           But
           the
           Scythians
           in
           their
           third
           Asian
           expedition
           ,
           when
           they
           were
           seven
           yeers
           absent
           from
           their
           wives
           
           and
           children
           ,
           were
           received
           on
           their
           return
           by
           a
           war
           from
           their
           own
           slaves
           ;
           for
           their
           wives
           being
           wearied
           with
           the
           long
           expectation
           of
           their
           husbands
           ,
           and
           believing
           that
           they
           were
           not
           detained
           by
           the
           war
           ,
           but
           destroyed
           ,
           did
           marry
           their
           servants
           left
           behind
           to
           have
           a
           care
           of
           their
           cat●el
           ,
           who
           being
           now
           armed
           did
           prohibit
           their
           Masters
           like
           strangers
           from
           their
           own
           Territories
           ,
           being
           returned
           with
           victory
           .
           The
           fight
           being
           doubtful
           ,
           the
           Scythians
           did
           admonish
           one
           another
           to
           change
           the
           manner
           of
           the
           war
           ,
           and
           to
           remember
           that
           they
           did
           not
           encounter
           with
           enemies
           but
           with
           servants
           ,
           and
           that
           they
           must
           not
           overcome
           now
           by
           the
           Law
           of
           Arms
           ,
           but
           by
           Authority
           of
           Masters
           ,
           and
           not
           use
           weapons
           but
           scourges
           ;
           and
           the
           sword
           being
           laid
           by
           ,
           rods
           and
           whips
           ,
           and
           such
           other
           instruments
           of
           servile
           fear
           were
           to
           be
           provided
           ;
           The
           Councel
           being
           approved
           ,
           and
           all
           well
           appointed
           as
           it
           was
           prescribed
           ,
           as
           they
           made
           their
           approach
           unto
           their
           enemies
           ,
           they
           held
           out
           the
           lash
           unto
           them
           not
           thinking
           of
           it
           ,
           which
           struck
           so
           sudden
           and
           deep
           impression
           into
           them
           ,
           that
           they
           overcame
           them
           with
           the
           fear
           of
           stripes
           ,
           whom
           they
           could
           not
           with
           the
           sword
           ,
           and
           they
           fled
           away
           not
           like
           to
           conquered
           enemies
           ,
           but
           a
           pack
           of
           fugi●ive
           slaves
           ;
           whosoever
           of
           them
           were
           taken
           were
           fastned
           to
           the
           Cross
           .
           The
           women
           also
           being
           conscious
           to
           themselves
           ,
           what
           they
           had
           done
           ,
           did
           end
           their
           own
           lives
           with
           their
           own
           
           hands
           ,
           some
           with
           knives
           ,
           and
           some
           with
           halters
           .
           After
           this
           the
           
           Scythians
           ●ad
           peace
           untill
           the
           time
           of
           King
           Lanthin
           ,
           against
           whom
           Darius
           King
           of
           the
           Persians
           ,
           when
           he
           could
           not
           obtain
           his
           daughter
           in
           marriage
           ,
           did
           commence
           a
           war
           ,
           and
           invaded
           Scythia
           with
           seven
           hundred
           thousand
           armed
           men
           ;
           but
           his
           enemies
           declining
           the
           fight
           ,
           he
           fearing
           that
           the
           bridge
           of
           Ister
           being
           broken
           down
           ,
           he
           should
           be
           stopped
           in
           his
           return
           ,
           did
           timorously
           fly
           back
           ,
           having
           lost
           ninety
           thousand
           men
           in
           the
           expedition
           ,
           which
           brush
           in
           so
           vast
           a
           multitude
           of
           men
           was
           hardly
           reputed
           as
           any
           loss
           at
           all
           .
           After
           that
           ,
           he
           subdued
           Asia
           and
           Macedonia
           ,
           and
           overcame
           the
           Ionians
           in
           a
           fight
           at
           Sea
           ;
           and
           it
           being
           known
           that
           the
           Athenians
           did
           bring
           aid
           to
           the
           Ionians
           against
           him
           ,
           he
           turned
           all
           the
           force
           and
           fury
           of
           the
           war
           against
           them
           .
        
         
           And
           now
           because
           we
           are
           come
           to
           the
           wars
           of
           the
           Athenians
           ,
           which
           were
           managed
           not
           only
           beyond
           hope
           ,
           but
           above
           belief
           ;
           and
           because
           the
           acts
           of
           the
           Athenians
           were
           greater
           in
           effect
           then
           their
           wishes
           ,
           I
           will
           in
           a
           few
           words
           give
           you
           the
           original
           of
           them
           ;
           and
           the
           rather
           because
           they
           rose
           not
           as
           other
           Nations
           from
           small
           beginnings
           to
           their
           heigh
           of
           glory
           ;
           for
           they
           besides
           those
           additions
           which
           by
           degrees
           they
           purchased
           by
           their
           valour
           ,
           did
           also
           much
           boast
           of
           their
           original
           ;
           for
           they
           were
           not
           Aliens
           ,
           neither
           did
           a
           collected
           Refuse
           of
           people
           give
           
           an
           original
           to
           this
           City
           ,
           but
           they
           were
           born
           in
           the
           same
           Soyl
           which
           they
           did
           inhabit
           ,
           and
           where
           was
           their
           seat
           there
           was
           also
           their
           original
           .
           They
           first
           taught
           the
           Manufacture
           of
           Wool
           ,
           and
           the
           use
           of
           Oyl
           and
           Wine
           ,
           and
           shewed
           to
           those
           who
           fed
           on
           Aco●ns
           ,
           how
           to
           plough
           and
           sowe
           ;
           without
           all
           doubt
           good
           letters
           and
           eloquence
           and
           the
           order
           of
           civill
           Discipline
           have
           Athens
           as
           their
           Temple
           .
           Before
           the
           days
           of
           Deucalion
           they
           had
           Cecrops
           for
           their
           King
           ,
           whom
           Antiquity
           did
           feign
           to
           be
           of
           two
           forms
           ,
           he
           being
           the
           first
           who
           in
           marriage
           joyned
           the
           male
           unto
           the
           female
           .
           Cranaus
           succeeded
           him
           ,
           whose
           daughter
           Attis
           did
           give
           a
           name
           to
           the
           whole
           Countrey
           .
           After
           him
           Amphitrion
           reigned
           ,
           who
           first
           of
           all
           did
           consecrate
           the
           City
           to
           Minerva
           ,
           and
           called
           it
           by
           the
           name
           of
           Athens
           .
           In
           his
           time
           a
           Deluge
           of
           water
           overwhelmed
           the
           greatest
           part
           of
           Greece
           ;
           those
           only
           were
           preserved
           alive
           whom
           the
           tops
           of
           the
           mountains
           received
           into
           protection
           ,
           or
           who
           were
           transported
           in
           ships
           to
           Deucalion
           King
           of
           Thessaly
           ,
           for
           which
           cause
           he
           is
           said
           to
           restore
           mankind
           .
           By
           order
           of
           Succession
           the
           Kingdom
           descended
           to
           Erictheus
           ,
           in
           whose
           Reign
           the
           sowing
           of
           Corn
           was
           found
           out
           by
           Triptolemus
           at
           Eleusinum
           ,
           for
           the
           honor
           of
           which
           gift
           were
           the
           mighty
           devotions
           celebrated
           by
           women
           ,
           called
           
             Eleusina
             sacra
             .
             Aegeus
          
           ,
           the
           father
           of
           Theseus
           ,
           possessed
           also
           the
           
           Kingdom
           of
           Athens
           ,
           from
           whom
           Medea
           departing
           being
           divorced
           from
           him
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           full
           age
           of
           her
           Step-son
           ,
           did
           repair
           to
           Colchos
           with
           her
           son
           Meaus
           ,
           begotten
           by
           Aegeus
           .
           After
           
             Aegeus
             ,
             Theseus
          
           ;
           and
           after
           
             Theseus
             ,
             Demophoon
          
           (
           who
           assisted
           the
           Greeks
           against
           the
           Trojans
           )
           did
           possess
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Athens
           .
           There
           were
           some
           old
           grudges
           betwixt
           the
           Athenians
           and
           the
           Dorians
           ,
           which
           the
           Dorians
           intending
           to
           revenge
           ,
           asked
           counsel
           of
           the
           Oracle
           concerning
           the
           event
           of
           the
           war
           ;
           it
           was
           answered
           ,
           that
           the
           Dorians
           should
           have
           the
           better
           if
           they
           killed
           not
           the
           King
           of
           the
           Athenians
           :
           When
           the
           Armies
           therefore
           were
           to
           joyn
           in
           Battel
           ,
           the
           Dorian
           Souldiers
           received
           Orders
           above
           all
           things
           to
           be
           careful
           of
           the
           person
           of
           the
           Athenian
           King
           ;
           Codrus
           at
           that
           time
           was
           King
           of
           the
           Athenians
           ,
           who
           (
           the
           answer
           of
           God
           ,
           and
           instructions
           of
           the
           enemies
           being
           understood
           )
           having
           put
           off
           his
           royal
           habiliments
           came
           all
           in
           rags
           (
           carrying
           on
           his
           neck
           a
           bundle
           of
           vines
           )
           into
           the
           Camp
           of
           the
           Dorians
           ,
           where
           in
           the
           throng
           of
           those
           that
           did
           oppose
           him
           he
           was
           slain
           by
           a
           souldier
           whom
           he
           cunningly
           wounded
           with
           his
           hook
           .
           The
           body
           of
           the
           King
           being
           known
           ,
           the
           Dorians
           marched
           back
           without
           any
           engagement
           at
           all
           :
           By
           this
           means
           the
           Athenians
           were
           delivered
           from
           the
           war
           by
           the
           vertue
           of
           their
           King
           ,
           who
           for
           the
           safety
           of
           his
           Country
           ,
           
           did
           devote
           himself
           to
           destruction
           .
           After
           Codrus
           there
           was
           no
           King
           of
           Athens
           ,
           which
           is
           added
           to
           the
           memory
           of
           Codrus
           his
           name
           .
           The
           administration
           of
           the
           Commonwealth
           was
           transmitted
           to
           yeerly
           Magistrates
           ;
           but
           the
           City
           had
           then
           no
           Laws
           at
           all
           ,
           because
           the
           will
           of
           the
           Rulers
           did
           pass
           for
           Laws
           .
           Solon
           therefore
           was
           chosen
           ,
           a
           man
           famous
           for
           Justice
           ,
           who
           with
           his
           Laws
           did
           as
           it
           were
           erect
           a
           new
           City
           ,
           and
           did
           deport
           himself
           with
           so
           great
           a
           temper
           between
           the
           Senate
           and
           the
           People
           ,
           that
           when
           he
           propounded
           something
           for
           one
           order
           ,
           which
           might
           seem
           to
           displease
           the
           other
           ,
           he
           received
           equall
           thanks
           from
           both
           .
           Amongst
           many
           excellent
           things
           of
           this
           man
           ,
           this
           doth
           most
           prefer
           it self
           to
           observation
           .
           The
           Athenians
           and
           the
           Megarans
           did
           contend
           with
           arms
           for
           the
           propriety
           of
           the
           Isle
           of
           Megara
           ,
           almost
           to
           the
           utter
           destruction
           of
           both
           parties
           .
           After
           many
           overthrows
           ,
           it
           began
           to
           be
           a
           capital
           offence
           amongst
           the
           Athenians
           ,
           if
           any
           one
           had
           but
           propounded
           the
           vindication
           of
           their
           right
           to
           the
           Island
           ;
           Solon
           being
           therefore
           perplexed
           ,
           left
           by
           his
           silence
           he
           should
           be
           unprofitable
           to
           the
           Commonwealth
           ,
           or
           by
           his
           speech
           he
           should
           indanger
           his
           life
           ,
           he
           disguised
           himself
           into
           a
           madness
           ,
           by
           the
           liberty
           whereof
           he
           could
           not
           only
           speak
           ,
           but
           do
           things
           that
           were
           prohibited
           .
           In
           a
           torn
           unfashioned
           habite
           ,
           just
           like
           a
           mad
           man
           ,
           he
           came
           into
           the
           publick
           ,
           where
           a
           
           great
           assembly
           being
           drawn
           together
           ,
           that
           the
           better
           he
           might
           dissemble
           his
           counsell
           ,
           he
           began
           to
           perswade
           the
           people
           in
           verses
           unaccustomed
           to
           him
           ,
           to
           that
           which
           was
           forbidden
           ,
           and
           so
           possessed
           the
           minds
           of
           them
           all
           ,
           that
           immediately
           war
           was
           decreed
           against
           the
           Megarans
           .
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           the
           Megarans
           being
           mindful
           of
           the
           war
           which
           was
           made
           against
           them
           by
           the
           Athenians
           ;
           and
           fearing
           lest
           they
           should
           seem
           in
           vain
           to
           have
           attempted
           war
           against
           them
           ,
           did
           repair
           to
           their
           ships
           ,
           having
           a
           design
           to
           oppress
           by
           night
           the
           Athenian
           Matrons
           at
           their
           Eleusin
           devotions
           .
           Which
           being
           understood
           ,
           Pisistratus
           Captain
           General
           of
           the
           Athenians
           ,
           did
           lay
           an
           Ambush
           for
           them
           ,
           the
           Mat●ons
           being
           commanded
           to
           celebrate
           their
           Devotions
           with
           their
           accustomed
           noise
           and
           clamor
           on
           the
           very
           approach
           of
           their
           enemies
           ,
           that
           they
           might
           not
           perceive
           they
           were
           discovered
           ;
           and
           Pisistratus
           having
           unexpectedly
           set
           upon
           them
           ,
           as
           they
           came
           down
           from
           their
           ships
           he
           easily
           overcame
           them
           ;
           their
           Fleet
           being
           taken
           ,
           he
           immediately
           did
           set
           sails
           for
           Megara
           ,
           the
           women
           above
           the
           Decks
           being
           mixt
           with
           the
           men
           ,
           that
           they
           might
           pretend
           a
           show
           of
           the
           captive
           Matrons
           .
           The
           Megarans
           when
           they
           observed
           the
           form
           and
           building
           of
           the
           ships
           ,
           and
           the
           booty
           that
           was
           purchased
           ,
           ran
           down
           to
           the
           shore
           to
           meet
           them
           ,
           where
           being
           all
           slain
           ,
           Pisistratus
           became
           almost
           Master
           of
           the
           City
           
           it self
           .
           Thus
           the
           Megarans
           by
           their
           own
           deceit
           did
           give
           a
           victory
           to
           their
           enemies
           ;
           but
           Pisistratus
           as
           if
           he
           overcame
           for
           himself
           ,
           and
           not
           for
           his
           Countrey
           ,
           did
           by
           subtility
           invade
           the
           soveraign
           Authority
           ;
           for
           having
           afflicted
           himself
           at
           home
           with
           voluntary
           stripes
           ,
           his
           body
           being
           torn
           ,
           he
           came
           forth
           into
           the
           Market-place
           ,
           and
           an
           Assembly
           being
           called
           ,
           he
           shewed
           his
           wounds
           unto
           the
           people
           ;
           be
           complained
           of
           the
           cruelty
           of
           the
           Rulers
           ,
           by
           whom
           he
           dissembled
           that
           he
           suffered
           this
           opprobrious
           injury
           ;
           tears
           were
           added
           to
           his
           complaints
           ,
           and
           by
           his
           envious
           words
           the
           credulous
           people
           were
           incensed
           ;
           he
           affirmed
           that
           he
           was
           hated
           by
           the
           Senate
           for
           his
           love
           unto
           the
           people
           ;
           and
           obtained
           a
           Guard
           for
           the
           preservation
           of
           his
           person
           ;
           by
           the
           power
           of
           whom
           being
           established
           in
           his
           tyranny
           he
           reigned
           three
           and
           thirty
           yeers
           .
           After
           his
           death
           ,
           Diocles
           one
           of
           his
           sons
           ,
           having
           ravished
           a
           Virgin
           ,
           was
           killed
           by
           the
           brother
           of
           the
           Maid
           .
           His
           other
           brother
           Hippias
           being
           setled
           in
           his
           fathers
           Government
           ,
           did
           command
           the
           killer
           of
           his
           Brother
           to
           be
           apprehended
           ,
           who
           when
           by
           torments
           he
           was
           inforced
           to
           name
           those
           who
           were
           guilty
           with
           him
           of
           the
           murder
           ,
           he
           named
           all
           the
           friends
           of
           the
           Tyrant
           ,
           who
           being
           put
           to
           death
           ,
           the
           Tyrant
           demanded
           if
           there
           were
           any
           yet
           remaining
           of
           them
           ;
           he
           answered
           ,
           there
           are
           no
           more
           whom
           I
           now
           desire
           to
           have
           dead
           ,
           but
           the
           Tyrant
           himself
           ;
           
           by
           which
           words
           ,
           after
           the
           revenge
           of
           his
           Sisters
           chastity
           ,
           he
           shewed
           himself
           to
           be
           a
           Conqueror
           of
           the
           Tyrant
           himself
           .
           By
           his
           vertue
           the
           City
           being
           admonished
           of
           her
           liberty
           ,
           Hippias
           at
           last
           was
           driven
           from
           his
           Kingdom
           into
           banishment
           ,
           who
           repairing
           to
           the
           Persians
           ,
           did
           offer
           himself
           as
           a
           Guide
           unto
           Darius
           in
           his
           war
           against
           his
           Countrey
           .
           Therefore
           the
           Athenians
           (
           the
           approach
           of
           Darius
           being
           understood
           )
           desiring
           aid
           of
           the
           Lacedemonians
           ,
           a
           City
           then
           in
           friendship
           with
           them
           ,
           and
           finding
           that
           by
           reason
           of
           some
           Religion
           they
           demanded
           the
           respite
           of
           four
           days
           ,
           their
           assistance
           being
           not
           regarded
           ,
           with
           ten
           thousand
           of
           their
           own
           Citizens
           ,
           and
           a
           thousand
           Auxiliaries
           of
           the
           Platensians
           ,
           they
           advanced
           into
           the
           fields
           of
           Marathon
           ,
           against
           six
           hundred
           thousand
           of
           their
           Enemies
           ;
           Miltiades
           was
           Captain
           Gene●al
           of
           the
           war
           ,
           and
           the
           Author
           ,
           not
           expecting
           the
           Lacedemonian
           aid
           ;
           who
           was
           armed
           with
           so
           great
           a
           confidence
           ,
           that
           he
           believed
           there
           was
           more
           advantage
           in
           the
           swiftness
           of
           the
           march
           ,
           then
           in
           the
           assistance
           of
           his
           friends
           .
           Great
           therefore
           was
           the
           cheerfulness
           and
           courage
           of
           their
           minds
           ,
           which
           they
           shewed
           in
           their
           eager
           running
           to
           the
           battel
           ,
           insomuch
           that
           when
           there
           was
           the
           space
           of
           a
           mile
           betwixt
           both
           Armies
           ,
           in
           full
           speed
           ,
           and
           before
           the
           flight
           of
           their
           arrows
           ,
           they
           came
           up
           unto
           the
           faces
           of
           their
           enemies
           ;
           neither
           was
           success
           wanting
           to
           
           their
           boldness
           ;
           for
           they
           fought
           with
           so
           much
           courage
           ,
           that
           you
           would
           take
           these
           to
           be
           men
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           sheep
           .
        
         
           The
           Persians
           being
           overcome
           ,
           did
           fly
           into
           their
           ships
           ,
           many
           of
           which
           were
           sunk
           ,
           and
           many
           taken
           .
        
         
           In
           this
           fight
           so
           great
           was
           the
           prowess
           of
           every
           one
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           hard
           to
           judge
           whose
           praise
           was
           the
           greatest
           :
           But
           the
           glory
           of
           young
           Themistocles
           did
           apparently
           shine
           forth
           amongst
           the
           rest
           ,
           in
           whom
           his
           Imperatorious
           Honours
           to
           come
           were
           easily
           to
           be
           seen
           .
           The
           glory
           also
           of
           Cynegirus
           an
           Athenian
           Souldier
           ,
           is
           celebrated
           by
           the
           praises
           of
           many
           Writers
           ,
           who
           after
           innumerable
           slaughters
           in
           the
           fight
           ,
           when
           he
           had
           driven
           the
           flying
           enemies
           to
           their
           ships
           ,
           he
           took
           hold
           of
           a
           ship
           laden
           with
           men
           with
           his
           right
           hand
           ,
           nor
           did
           he
           let
           loose
           his
           hold
           till
           he
           lost
           that
           hand
           :
           His
           right
           hand
           being
           cut
           off
           ,
           he
           fastened
           upon
           the
           ship
           with
           his
           left
           hand
           ;
           and
           having
           lost
           that
           also
           ,
           he
           took
           hold
           of
           the
           ship
           with
           his
           mouth
           ;
           so
           great
           was
           his
           courage
           ,
           that
           being
           not
           wearied
           with
           so
           many
           slaughters
           ,
           nor
           (
           both
           his
           hands
           being
           lost
           )
           being
           yet
           overcome
           ,
           at
           the
           last
           thus
           dismembred
           as
           he
           was
           ,
           and
           like
           an
           inraged
           wild
           beast
           ,
           he
           fought
           even
           with
           his
           teeth
           .
           In
           that
           battel
           the
           Persians
           lost
           two
           hundred
           thousand
           men
           ,
           besides
           those
           who
           perished
           at
           Sea.
           Hippias
           the
           Athenian
           Tyrant
           was
           also
           slain
           ,
           the
           Author
           and
           
           Promoter
           of
           the
           war
           ,
           the
           Gods
           the
           revengers
           of
           his
           Countrey
           ,
           taking
           punishment
           of
           his
           treachery
           .
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           Darius
           when
           he
           would
           renew
           the
           war
           ,
           died
           in
           the
           very
           preparation
           of
           it
           ,
           many
           children
           being
           left
           begotten
           both
           before
           and
           after
           his
           reign
           .
           Artobazanes
           being
           eldest
           by
           the
           priviledge
           of
           his
           age
           did
           challenge
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           which
           the
           right
           and
           order
           of
           birth
           and
           nature
           her self
           doth
           allow
           to
           the
           Nations
           :
           But
           Xerxes
           did
           make
           his
           plea
           not
           in
           relation
           to
           order
           ,
           but
           to
           the
           happiness
           of
           his
           birth
           ;
           It
           was
           true
           indeed
           ,
           he
           said
           ,
           that
           Artobazanes
           was
           the
           first-born
           ,
           but
           when
           Darius
           was
           a
           private
           man
           ;
           but
           he
           was
           born
           when
           Darius
           was
           a
           King
           ;
           therefore
           his
           brothers
           who
           were
           born
           to
           Darius
           being
           but
           a
           private
           man
           ,
           could
           not
           challenge
           to
           themselves
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           but
           only
           that
           private
           Fortune
           which
           Darius
           had
           before
           he
           was
           a
           King
           ;
           He
           alledging
           that
           he
           was
           the
           first
           whom
           his
           Father
           being
           a
           King
           ,
           did
           beget
           to
           inherit
           the
           Kingdom
           .
           To
           this
           it
           was
           added
           that
           Artobazanes
           was
           born
           when
           not
           only
           his
           father
           but
           his
           mother
           also
           were
           of
           a
           private
           Fortune
           :
           but
           he
           was
           born
           his
           mother
           being
           a
           Queen
           ,
           and
           that
           he
           never
           saw
           his
           father
           but
           when
           a
           King
           ;
           moreover
           that
           King
           Cyrus
           on
           his
           mothers
           side
           was
           his
           Grandfather
           ,
           not
           only
           the
           heir
           but
           the
           erector
           of
           so
           great
           an
           Empire
           :
           Therefore
           if
           the
           Father
           had
           left
           both
           Brothers
           endued
           with
           equall
           
           right
           ,
           yet
           he
           should
           carry
           it
           ,
           both
           by
           the
           right
           of
           his
           Mother
           ,
           and
           his
           Grandfather
           .
           This
           strife
           ,
           with
           concording
           affections
           ,
           they
           did
           refer
           to
           their
           Uncle
           Artaphernes
           ,
           as
           to
           a
           Domestick
           Judge
           ,
           who
           ,
           the
           cause
           being
           examined
           ,
           made
           Xerxes
           King
           ;
           and
           so
           brotherly
           was
           the
           contention
           ,
           that
           neither
           the
           Conqueror
           did
           insult
           ,
           nor
           the
           conquered
           repine
           ;
           and
           in
           the
           very
           height
           of
           the
           contestation
           they
           sent
           presents
           to
           one
           another
           ,
           and
           had
           not
           only
           undistrustful
           but
           delightful
           feastings
           together
           .
           The
           Judgement
           it self
           was
           also
           given
           without
           arbitrators
           ,
           and
           without
           reproaches
           ;
           so
           much
           more
           moderately
           did
           brothers
           then
           decide
           great
           Kingdoms
           amongst
           themselves
           ,
           then
           they
           do
           now
           share
           but
           small
           Patrimonies
           .
           Xerxes
           made
           preparations
           five
           yeers
           together
           for
           the
           Grecians
           ;
           which
           when
           Demaratus
           King
           of
           the
           Lacedemonians
           ,
           who
           lived
           as
           a
           banished
           man
           in
           the
           Court
           of
           Xexes
           ,
           understood
           ,
           being
           more
           friendly
           to
           his
           Countrey
           after
           his
           flight
           ,
           then
           to
           the
           King
           after
           his
           benefits
           ,
           lest
           they
           should
           be
           oppressed
           by
           an
           unexpected
           war
           ,
           he
           did
           certifie
           the
           particulars
           to
           the
           Magistrates
           in
           Tables
           of
           wood
           ,
           and
           covered
           the
           Letters
           with
           wax
           spread
           over
           them
           ,
           that
           neither
           the
           Characters
           might
           be
           read
           ,
           which
           would
           have
           bin
           if
           they
           had
           nothing
           to
           cover
           them
           ,
           nor
           the
           fresh
           wax
           betray
           the
           deceit
           ;
           he
           then
           gave
           them
           to
           a
           faithful
           servant
           to
           be
           carried
           ,
           and
           did
           command
           
           him
           to
           deliver
           them
           to
           the
           Magistrates
           of
           Sparta
           ,
           which
           being
           brought
           unto
           them
           ,
           it
           held
           them
           long
           in
           suspence
           at
           Lacedemon
           ;
           for
           they
           saw
           nothing
           written
           ,
           and
           yet
           believed
           that
           they
           were
           not
           sent
           in
           vain
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           business
           was
           so
           much
           the
           greater
           ,
           by
           how
           much
           it
           was
           the
           more
           concealed
           .
           The
           men
           not
           knowing
           what
           to
           conjecture
           ,
           the
           sister
           of
           King
           Leonides
           found
           out
           the
           design
           of
           the
           writer
           ;
           the
           wax
           therfore
           being
           taken
           off
           ,
           the
           advertisements
           of
           the
           war
           were
           discovered
           .
           Xerxes
           had
           by
           this
           time
           armed
           seven
           hundred
           thousand
           men
           out
           of
           his
           own
           Dominions
           ,
           &
           had
           three
           hundred
           thousand
           sent
           to
           his
           assistance
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           not
           unworthily
           recorded
           that
           Rivers
           were
           drank
           up
           ,
           and
           that
           all
           Greece
           was
           hardly
           able
           to
           contain
           his
           Army
           ;
           he
           was
           also
           said
           to
           have
           one
           hundred
           thousand
           Ships
           .
           To
           this
           so
           great
           an
           Army
           a
           General
           was
           wanting
           ;
           for
           if
           you
           look
           upon
           the
           King
           ,
           you
           will
           rather
           extol
           his
           wealth
           then
           his
           conduct
           ,
           of
           which
           there
           was
           such
           abundance
           in
           his
           Kingdom
           ,
           that
           when
           Rivers
           were
           consumed
           with
           his
           multitudes
           ,
           yet
           his
           Exchequer
           was
           still
           full
           .
           He
           was
           always
           seen
           the
           last
           in
           the
           fight
           ,
           and
           the
           first
           in
           the
           flight
           ;
           humble
           in
           dangers
           ,
           and
           when
           the
           occasion
           of
           fear
           was
           over
           ,
           one
           high-minded
           .
           Before
           the
           trial
           of
           the
           War
           ,
           as
           if
           he
           was
           Lord
           of
           Nature
           her self
           ,
           by
           the
           confidence
           o●
           his
           numbers
           he
           levelled
           mountains
           and
           raised
           the
           valleys
           all
           to
           one
           height
           ;
           
           some
           Seas
           he
           covered
           with
           Bridges
           ,
           and
           contracted
           others
           ,
           for
           the
           advantage
           of
           the
           Saylors
           .
           His
           entrance
           into
           Greece
           as
           it
           was
           terrible
           ,
           so
           was
           his
           departing
           foul
           and
           shamefull
           ;
           for
           when
           Leonides
           King
           of
           the
           Lacedemonians
           had
           secured
           the
           Straights
           of
           Thermopylae
           with
           four
           thousand
           men
           ,
           Xerxes
           in
           contempt
           of
           their
           powers
           ,
           commanded
           those
           of
           his
           souldiers
           to
           encounter
           them
           ,
           whose
           kinsmen
           were
           slain
           in
           the
           Marathonian
           Plains
           ,
           who
           whiles
           they
           began
           to
           revenge
           their
           friends
           ,
           were
           the
           beginning
           of
           the
           overthrow
           ;
           and
           these
           being
           followed
           by
           an
           unprofitable
           multitude
           ,
           a
           greater
           slaughter
           was
           occasioned
           .
           Three
           dayes
           together
           there
           they
           fought
           ,
           to
           the
           grief
           and
           indignation
           of
           the
           Persians
           ;
           on
           the
           fourth
           ,
           when
           it
           was
           reported
           to
           Leonides
           ,
           that
           the
           tops
           of
           the
           Straights
           were
           possessed
           by
           twenty
           thousand
           of
           the
           enemie
           ,
           he
           exhorted
           his
           associates
           to
           drawback
           ,
           and
           to
           reserve
           themselves
           for
           some
           better
           service
           for
           their
           Countrey
           :
           He
           would
           try
           his
           own
           fortune
           ,
           he
           said
           ,
           with
           the
           Lacedemonians
           ,
           being
           more
           indebted
           to
           his
           Country
           then
           to
           his
           life
           ;
           the
           residue
           were
           to
           be
           preserved
           for
           the
           general
           defence
           of
           Greece
           .
           The
           command
           of
           the
           King
           being
           heard
           ,
           the
           rest
           were
           dismissed
           ,
           and
           the
           Lacedemonians
           only
           remained
           .
           In
           the
           beginning
           of
           the
           war
           ,
           counsell
           being
           asked
           of
           the
           Oracle
           of
           Delphos
           ,
           it
           was
           answered
           ,
           that
           either
           the
           King
           of
           the
           Lacedemonians
           ,
           
           or
           the
           City
           must
           fall
           ;
           therefore
           when
           King
           Leonides
           did
           set
           forth
           to
           the
           War
           ,
           he
           so
           confirmed
           the
           resolution
           of
           his
           own
           souldiers
           ,
           that
           they
           all
           knew
           he
           advanced
           with
           a
           mind
           resolved
           to
           dye
           .
           He
           therefore
           did
           possess
           himself
           of
           the
           Straights
           ,
           that
           he
           might
           overcome
           with
           a
           few
           with
           greater
           glory
           ,
           or
           fall
           with
           less
           dammage
           to
           the
           Common-wealth
           .
           His
           Companions
           therefore
           being
           dismissed
           ,
           he
           exhorted
           the
           Spartans
           to
           remember
           that
           howsoever
           did
           they
           fight
           ,
           they
           must
           fall
           ,
           and
           that
           they
           should
           take
           heed
           lest
           they
           might
           seem
           to
           have
           more
           couragiously
           stood
           still
           ,
           then
           to
           have
           fought
           ;
           therefore
           he
           said
           they
           were
           not
           to
           attend
           to
           be
           invironed
           by
           their
           enemies
           ,
           but
           as
           soon
           as
           night
           should
           administer
           the
           opportunity
           to
           fall
           unexpectedly
           upon
           them
           secure
           ,
           and
           hugging
           an
           abusing
           joy
           :
           The
           Conquerors
           ,
           he
           said
           ,
           could
           never
           dye
           more
           honourably
           then
           in
           the
           Tents
           of
           their
           enemies
           .
           It
           was
           no
           hard
           task
           to
           perswade
           those
           who
           were
           resolved
           to
           dye
           :
           they
           presently
           buckled
           on
           their
           Arms
           ,
           and
           six
           hundred
           men
           did
           beat
           up
           the
           Quarters
           of
           five
           hundred
           thousand
           ;
           immediately
           they
           advanced
           to
           the
           Pavilion
           of
           the
           King
           to
           dye
           with
           him
           ,
           or
           if
           they
           vvere
           over-povvered
           to
           dye
           especially
           in
           his
           tent
           and
           sight
           .
           The
           Alarum
           vvas
           heard
           over
           all
           the
           Camp.
           The
           Lacedemonians
           after
           they
           could
           not
           find
           cut
           the
           King
           ,
           did
           fly
           up
           and
           dovvn
           as
           Conquerors
           over
           all
           the
           Camp
           ,
           
           and
           killed
           or
           overthrew
           whatsoever
           did
           oppose
           them
           ,
           as
           knowing
           that
           they
           did
           not
           fight
           in
           hope
           of
           victory
           ,
           but
           to
           revenge
           their
           own
           deaths
           .
           The
           fight
           was
           continued
           from
           the
           beginning
           of
           night
           unto
           the
           greatest
           part
           of
           the
           next
           day
           ;
           at
           the
           last
           not
           overcome
           ,
           but
           being
           weary
           with
           overcoming
           ,
           they
           fell
           upon
           the
           great
           heaps
           of
           the
           carka●es
           of
           their
           enemies
           .
           Xerxes
           having
           received
           two
           overthrows
           by
           land
           ,
           was
           determined
           to
           try
           his
           fortune
           on
           the
           Sea.
           But
           Themistocles
           the
           General
           of
           the
           Athenians
           ,
           when
           he
           understood
           that
           the
           Ionians
           ,
           against
           whom
           the
           King
           of
           the
           Persians
           had
           undertaken
           this
           war
           ,
           had
           set
           forth
           to
           Sea
           with
           a
           Navy
           to
           his
           assistance
           ,
           he
           resolved
           to
           sollicite
           them
           to
           take
           part
           with
           him
           ;
           and
           because
           he
           could
           not
           have
           the
           opportunity
           to
           confer
           with
           them
           ,
           he
           provided
           that
           Symbols
           should
           be
           provided
           and
           left
           written
           on
           the
           stones
           ,
           by
           which
           they
           were
           to
           sail
           ,
           in
           these
           words
           :
           What
           madness
           hath
           possessed
           you
           ,
           O
           Ionians
           ?
           What
           crime
           is
           this
           which
           you
           undert●ke
           ?
           Did
           you
           before
           make
           war
           upon
           us
           your
           Founders
           ,
           and
           do
           you
           now
           intend
           it
           again
           upon
           us
           your
           Defenders
           ?
           Did
           we
           therefore
           build
           your
           Walls
           ,
           that
           they
           should
           be
           those
           who
           must
           overthrow
           our
           own
           ?
           What
           ,
           was
           not
           this
           the
           cause
           that
           at
           first
           made
           Darius
           ,
           and
           now
           Xerxes
           to
           make
           war
           against
           us
           ,
           because
           we
           would
           not
           forsake
           you
           rebelling
           ?
           Come
           away
           from
           that
           Siege
           into
           our
           Tents
           ,
           or
           
           if
           you
           think
           this
           Counsel
           not
           safe
           ,
           the
           battels
           being
           joyned
           ,
           withdraw
           your selves
           by
           degrees
           ,
           keep
           back
           your
           Oars
           ,
           and
           depart
           from
           the
           War.
           Before
           the
           Battel
           at
           Sea
           vvas
           fought
           ,
           Xerxes
           had
           sent
           four
           thousand
           men
           to
           plunder
           the
           Temple
           of
           Apollo
           at
           Delphos
           ,
           as
           if
           he
           vvould
           vvage
           vvar
           not
           vvith
           men
           onely
           ,
           but
           also
           vvith
           the
           Immortal
           Gods
           :
           vvho
           vvere
           all
           destroyed
           vvith
           tempests
           and
           thunders
           that
           he
           might
           understand
           that
           the
           greater
           the
           anger
           of
           the
           Gods
           is
           ,
           by
           so
           much
           there
           is
           no
           povver
           of
           men
           that
           is
           able
           to
           stand
           against
           them
           .
           After
           this
           he
           set
           on
           fire
           Thespiae
           and
           Placeae
           ,
           and
           Athens
           ,
           destitute
           of
           inhabitants
           ;
           and
           because
           vvith
           his
           svvord
           he
           could
           not
           destroy
           the
           men
           ,
           he
           did
           devour
           their
           houses
           with
           fire
           ;
           for
           the
           Athenians
           after
           the
           battel
           of
           
             Marathon
             (
             Themistocles
          
           forevvarning
           them
           that
           the
           victory
           over
           the
           Persians
           vvould
           not
           be
           the
           end
           ,
           but
           the
           cause
           of
           a
           greater
           vvar
           )
           did
           build
           tvvo
           hundred
           ships
           ,
           and
           having
           asked
           Counsel
           of
           the
           Oracle
           on
           the
           approach
           of
           Xerxes
           ,
           the
           answer
           was
           ,
           that
           they
           should
           defend
           themselves
           with
           walls
           of
           wood
           .
           Themistocles
           conceiving
           that
           by
           the
           Oracle
           ,
           a
           defence
           of
           shipping
           was
           ●mplicitely
           understood
           ,
           did
           perswade
           them
           all
           ,
           that
           their
           Country
           was
           their
           confines
           ,
           and
           not
           their
           walls
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           City
           did
           consist
           not
           in
           the
           houses
           but
           the
           Citizens
           ;
           therefore
           they
           should
           better
           commit
           their
           safety
           to
           their
           ships
           ,
           
           then
           to
           their
           City
           ,
           and
           that
           God
           was
           the
           Author
           of
           this
           counsel
           .
           This
           counsel
           being
           approved
           of
           ,
           and
           the
           City
           being
           abandoned
           ,
           they
           lodged
           their
           wives
           and
           children
           with
           their
           most
           precious
           moveables
           in
           the
           close
           Islands
           ;
           they
           themselves
           being
           armed
           ,
           did
           repair
           unto
           their
           ships
           .
           There
           were
           other
           Cities
           also
           that
           followed
           the
           example
           of
           the
           Athenians
           .
           When
           all
           their
           Fleet
           was
           united
           and
           resolved
           for
           a
           Sea-fight
           ,
           and
           had
           possessed
           themselves
           of
           the
           Straights
           of
           Salamis
           ,
           that
           they
           might
           not
           be
           circumvented
           by
           the
           multitude
           of
           Xerxes
           Fleet
           ,
           there
           did
           arise
           a
           dissention
           amongst
           the
           Princes
           ,
           who
           when
           they
           would
           forsake
           the
           war
           to
           defend
           their
           own
           possessions
           ,
           Themistocles
           fearing
           that
           by
           the
           departure
           of
           his
           confederate●
           his
           strength
           should
           be
           diminished
           ,
           did
           acquaint
           Xerxes
           by
           a
           faithful
           servant
           ,
           that
           he
           might
           now
           with
           ease
           take
           all
           Greece
           ,
           being
           drawn
           up
           into
           one
           place
           .
           But
           if
           the
           strength
           of
           the
           Cities
           ,
           which
           we●e
           now
           marching
           homeward
           should
           be
           scattered
           he
           must
           pursue
           after
           then
           one
           by
           one
           with
           greater
           labor
           .
        
         
           By
           this
           artifice
           ,
           he
           prevailed
           upon
           the
           King
           to
           give
           a
           sign
           and
           sound
           to
           the
           battel
           :
           The
           Greeks
           also
           being
           busied
           at
           the
           advance
           of
           their
           enemies
           ,
           did
           prepare
           for
           the
           fight
           with
           their
           ●nited
           powers
           .
           The
           King
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           (
           one
           part
           of
           his
           ships
           not
           far
           from
           him
           )
           did
           stand
           upon
           the
           shore
           as
           spectator
           of
           the
           fight
           
           but
           Artemisia
           Queen
           of
           Halicarnassus
           ,
           who
           came
           to
           the
           aid
           of
           Xerxes
           in
           her
           own
           person
           ,
           did
           fight
           most
           gallantly
           amongst
           the
           foremost
           of
           the
           Commanders
           ;
           for
           as
           you
           might
           here
           behold
           a
           womanish
           fear
           in
           a
           man
           ,
           so
           in
           a
           woman
           you
           might
           see
           a
           manly
           courage
           .
           When
           the
           fight
           was
           doubtful
           ,
           the
           Ionians
           according
           to
           the
           Instructions
           of
           Themistocles
           ,
           did
           by
           degrees
           with-draw
           themselves
           from
           the
           fight
           ,
           whose
           revolt
           did
           alter
           the
           resolution
           of
           their
           companions
           ;
           therefore
           looking
           round
           about
           them
           where
           to
           fly
           ,
           they
           were
           at
           a
           stand
           ,
           and
           presently
           after
           being
           overcome
           ,
           they
           were
           all
           put
           to
           slight
           .
           In
           the
           violence
           of
           this
           fear
           ,
           many
           ships
           were
           drowned
           ,
           and
           many
           sunk
           ,
           and
           many
           dreading
           as
           much
           the
           anger
           of
           their
           King
           as
           the
           fury
           of
           their
           enemies
           ,
           did
           steal
           away
           into
           
             Persia
             .
             Xerxes
          
           being
           amazed
           at
           this
           overthrow
           ,
           and
           uncertain
           what
           to
           resolve
           upon
           ,
           Mardonius
           came
           unto
           him
           ,
           and
           did
           exhort
           him
           that
           he
           would
           return
           into
           his
           own
           Kingdom
           ,
           lest
           the
           report
           of
           the
           unprosperous
           war
           might
           occasion
           some
           sedition
           at
           home
           ;
           and
           as
           the
           custome
           is
           ,
           making
           the
           best
           of
           all
           things
           ,
           he
           desired
           that
           he
           would
           leave
           to
           him
           the
           command
           of
           three
           hundred
           thousand
           of
           selected
           men
           ,
           with
           which
           he
           would
           eithet
           to
           his
           glory
           overcome
           all
           Greece
           ,
           or
           if
           the
           event
           fell
           otherwise
           ,
           he
           should
           fall
           before
           the
           enemies
           without
           the
           infamy
           of
           his
           Master
           .
           The
           counsell
           
           being
           applauded
           ,
           the
           Army
           was
           delivered
           to
           Mardonius
           ,
           and
           the
           King
           himself
           intended
           to
           lead
           back
           the
           remainder
           of
           them
           into
           his
           own
           Kingdom
           .
           But
           the
           Grecians
           having
           notice
           ot
           the
           Kings
           retreat
           ,
           did
           take
           counsell
           to
           break
           down
           the
           bridge
           ,
           which
           Xerxes
           as
           if
           he
           had
           been
           Conqueror
           of
           the
           Sea
           ,
           had
           made
           at
           Abydos
           ,
           that
           his
           passage
           being
           hindred
           ,
           he
           should
           either
           be
           destroyed
           with
           his
           Army
           ,
           or
           through
           desperation
           of
           success
           ,
           be
           inforced
           to
           sue
           for
           peace
           .
           But
           Themistocles
           fearing
           lest
           the
           enemies
           being
           shut
           up
           in
           Greece
           ,
           it
           might
           raise
           their
           desperation
           into
           resolution
           ,
           and
           enforce
           them
           with
           their
           swords
           to
           open
           that
           way
           which
           was
           obstructed
           to
           them
           ;
           he
           declared
           that
           there
           already
           were
           too
           many
           Enemies
           left
           in
           Greece
           behind
           ,
           and
           that
           their
           numbers
           ought
           not
           to
           be
           increased
           by
           obstructing
           them
           in
           their
           return
           .
           When
           he
           could
           not
           prevail
           by
           his
           counsell
           ,
           he
           sent
           the
           same
           servant
           to
           Xerxes
           ,
           and
           did
           thoroughly
           inform
           him
           of
           it
           ,
           and
           perswaded
           him
           by
           a
           swift
           flight
           to
           make
           sure
           his
           passage
           .
           He
           being
           amazed
           at
           the
           information
           of
           the
           Messenger
           ,
           left
           all
           his
           sould●ers
           to
           be
           commanded
           by
           his
           Captains
           ,
           and
           himself
           with
           a
           small
           retinue
           did
           make
           all
           haste
           unto
           Abydos
           :
           Where
           when
           he
           found
           the
           bridge
           to
           be
           loose
           and
           broken
           by
           the
           winters
           stroms
           ,
           in
           a
           great
           feare
           he
           passed
           over
           in
           a
           Fishers
           Sceph
           .
           It
           was
           a
           sight
           worthy
           the
           observation
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           estimation
           
           of
           things
           to
           be
           admired
           for
           the
           variousness
           of
           human
           condition
           ,
           to
           behold
           him
           hiding
           himself
           in
           a
           small
           vessel
           ,
           whom
           not
           long
           before
           scarce
           all
           the
           Sea
           could
           contain
           :
           and
           that
           he
           should
           be
           without
           the
           attendance
           of
           servants
           ,
           whose
           armies
           by
           reason
           of
           their
           multitude
           were
           a
           burden
           grievous
           to
           the
           earth
           to
           bear
           them
           .
           Neither
           had
           his
           Armies
           by
           Land
           which
           he
           assigned
           to
           his
           Captains
           ,
           a
           more
           happy
           expedition
           ;
           for
           to
           their
           daily
           travell
           (
           there
           being
           no
           rest
           to
           the
           fearfull
           )
           famine
           was
           joyned
           ,
           and
           the
           want
           continuing
           many
           days
           did
           bring
           the
           Plague
           upon
           them
           ;
           and
           so
           great
           was
           the
           noysomness
           of
           the
           dying
           ,
           that
           the
           High-ways
           were
           filled
           with
           Carkases
           ;
           and
           Beasts
           ,
           and
           Birds
           of
           Prey
           did
           follow
           the
           Army
           ,
           being
           tempted
           by
           the
           multitude
           of
           the
           Carkases
           .
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           Mardonius
           did
           sack
           Olynthus
           in
           Greece
           ,
           and
           did
           sollicite
           the
           Athenians
           to
           the
           hope
           of
           peace
           ,
           and
           to
           the
           friendship
           of
           the
           King
           ,
           promising
           them
           to
           build
           again
           their
           Citie
           that
           was
           burned
           ,
           and
           to
           make
           it
           greater
           then
           before
           ;
           when
           he
           found
           that
           they
           would
           sell
           their
           liberty
           at
           no
           price
           ,
           having
           burned
           what
           he
           began
           to
           rebuild
           ,
           he
           marched
           with
           his
           Army
           into
           Baeotia
           ;
           thither
           the
           forces
           of
           the
           Greeks
           did
           follow
           him
           ,
           which
           consisted
           of
           one
           hundred
           thousand
           men
           .
        
         
           The
           battell
           there
           being
           fought
           ,
           the
           fortune
           of
           the
           King
           was
           not
           changed
           with
           the
           General
           
           Mardonius
           being
           overcome
           ,
           did
           fly
           as
           out
           of
           a
           wrack
           at
           Sea
           ,
           with
           a
           few
           men
           ;
           his
           tents
           full
           of
           Princely
           wealth
           were
           taken
           ,
           and
           the
           Persian
           gold
           being
           divided
           amongst
           them
           ,
           the
           luxury
           of
           riches
           did
           there
           first
           seize
           upon
           the
           Grecians
           .
           On
           that
           day
           in
           which
           the
           forces
           of
           Mardonius
           were
           overthrown
           ,
           there
           was
           a
           fight
           also
           at
           Sea
           against
           the
           Persians
           under
           the
           Mountain
           of
           Mycale
           in
           Asia
           .
           There
           before
           the
           engagement
           ,
           when
           the
           two
           Fleets
           stood
           opposite
           to
           one
           another
           ,
           it
           was
           with
           confidence
           reported
           to
           both
           Armies
           that
           the
           Grecians
           had
           obtained
           the
           Victory
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           Army
           of
           Mardonius
           was
           utterly
           overthrown
           ;
           so
           great
           in
           this
           was
           the
           celerity
           of
           Fame
           ,
           that
           when
           in
           the
           morning
           the
           Battell
           was
           fought
           in
           Baeotia
           ,
           in
           a
           few
           hours
           through
           so
           many
           Seas
           ,
           and
           so
           many
           hills
           and
           valleys
           ,
           it
           was
           brought
           by
           neon
           into
           Asia
           .
        
         
           The
           war
           being
           ended
           ,
           there
           was
           a
           counsell
           called
           concerning
           the
           rewards
           of
           the
           Cities
           ;
           and
           by
           the
           judgement
           of
           all
           ,
           the
           vertue
           and
           the
           prowess
           of
           the
           Athenians
           was
           preferred
           above
           the
           rest
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           attestation
           of
           all
           the
           Cities
           ,
           Themistocles
           being
           judged
           to
           be
           the
           most
           meritorious
           amongst
           the
           Commanders
           ,
           did
           increase
           the
           glory
           of
           his
           Country
           .
        
         
           The
           Athenians
           therefore
           being
           enlarged
           
           both
           by
           the
           rewards
           of
           the
           War
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           glory
           of
           it
           ,
           did
           begin
           again
           to
           build
           their
           City
           ;
           and
           because
           their
           walls
           were
           stronger
           ,
           and
           of
           a
           greater
           compass
           then
           they
           were
           before
           ,
           they
           began
           to
           be
           suspected
           to
           the
           Lacedemonians
           ,
           wisely
           fore-seeing
           that
           if
           the
           Ruines
           of
           their
           Citie
           could
           give
           them
           so
           great
           additions
           ,
           what
           would
           they
           now
           purchase
           ,
           the
           City
           being
           enlarged
           and
           walled
           about
           ?
           They
           therefore
           did
           send
           Ambassadors
           to
           admonish
           them
           ,
           not
           to
           build
           again
           Fortifications
           for
           their
           Enemies
           ,
           and
           the
           Receptacles
           of
           a
           War
           to
           come
           .
           Themistocles
           observing
           that
           they
           envyed
           the
           increasing
           glory
           of
           their
           City
           ,
           yet
           determining
           not
           to
           deal
           abruptly
           with
           them
           ,
           did
           answer
           the
           Ambassadors
           that
           they
           would
           send
           messengers
           of
           their
           own
           to
           Lacedemon
           ,
           who
           should
           debate
           with
           them
           concerning
           the
           same
           subject
           .
           The
           Spartans
           being
           dismissed
           ,
           he
           exhorted
           the
           Athenians
           to
           make
           haste
           of
           the
           work
           ,
           and
           not
           long
           after
           he
           did
           go
           himself
           as
           an
           Ambassador
           to
           Lacedemon
           ;
           and
           sometimes
           in
           his
           journey
           counterfeiting
           an
           indisposition
           in
           his
           body
           ,
           sometime
           accusing
           the
           sloth
           of
           his
           fellow-Ambassadors
           ,
           without
           whom
           nothing
           could
           be
           concluded
           ,
           he
           from
           day
           to
           day
           so
           long
           delayed
           the
           time
           ,
           that
           he
           gave
           them
           at
           Athens
           the
           leisure
           to
           accomplish
           the
           work
           .
        
         
         
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           it
           was
           told
           the
           Spartans
           that
           the
           buildings
           at
           Athens
           were
           almost
           finished
           ,
           whereupon
           they
           sent
           Ambassadors
           again
           to
           look
           upon
           the
           work
           .
           Themistocles
           hearing
           of
           it
           ,
           did
           write
           unto
           the
           Magistrates
           at
           Athens
           to
           keep
           the
           Ambassadors
           of
           Lacedemon
           in
           safe
           custody
           ,
           and
           to
           detain
           them
           as
           a
           pledge
           ,
           lest
           any
           thing
           should
           be
           determined
           too
           cruelly
           against
           himself
           .
           He
           then
           addressed
           himself
           to
           the
           Senate
           of
           the
           Lacedemonians
           ,
           where
           he
           declared
           that
           Athens
           was
           fenced
           round
           about
           ,
           and
           that
           they
           were
           able
           now
           to
           sustain
           a
           War
           ,
           not
           only
           by
           their
           Walls
           ,
           but
           by
           their
           Armies
           :
           And
           if
           for
           that
           they
           would
           make
           him
           suffer
           ,
           he
           told
           them
           that
           their
           Ambassadors
           were
           detained
           at
           Athens
           as
           a
           pledge
           of
           his
           safety
           .
           He
           then
           did
           sharply
           reprehend
           them
           ,
           for
           that
           they
           sought
           to
           increase
           their
           own
           power
           not
           by
           the
           strength
           but
           by
           the
           weakening
           of
           their
           Associates
           .
           Being
           dismissed
           to
           Athens
           ,
           he
           was
           received
           by
           the
           Citizens
           as
           if
           Sparta
           had
           been
           triumphed
           over
           .
           After
           this
           ,
           the
           Spartans
           (
           that
           their
           Army
           might
           not
           be
           corrupted
           with
           sloth
           ,
           and
           to
           revenge
           the
           War
           which
           the
           Persians
           had
           made
           on
           their
           City
           and
           on
           Greece
           )
           did
           of
           their
           own
           accord
           make
           incursions
           into
           ,
           and
           plundred
           
           the
           Confines
           of
           Persia
           .
           They
           chose
           Pausanias
           to
           be
           General
           both
           for
           their
           own
           Army
           ,
           and
           the
           Army
           of
           their
           Associates
           ,
           who
           for
           his
           Conduct
           affected
           the
           whole
           Kingdom
           of
           Greece
           ,
           and
           contracted
           with
           Xerxes
           for
           the
           marriage
           of
           his
           daughter
           ,
           (
           a
           reward
           of
           his
           treachery
           ;
           )
           to
           which
           purpose
           he
           restored
           the
           prisoners
           ,
           that
           by
           some
           benefit
           he
           might
           oblige
           to
           him
           the
           belief
           of
           the
           King.
           He
           also
           wrote
           to
           Xerxes
           ,
           that
           whatsoever
           Messengers
           he
           sent
           unto
           him
           ,
           he
           should
           put
           them
           to
           death
           ,
           lest
           the
           negotiation
           betwixt
           them
           should
           be
           betrayed
           by
           their
           tongues
           ;
           but
           Aristides
           the
           Captain
           of
           the
           Athenians
           ,
           being
           chosen
           his
           Companion
           in
           the
           War
           ,
           by
           crossing
           the
           designs
           of
           his
           Colleague
           ,
           and
           wisely
           providing
           for
           the
           imminent
           danger
           ,
           did
           find
           out
           the
           Treason
           ,
           and
           not
           long
           after
           Pausanias
           being
           accused
           was
           condemned
           .
        
         
           Xerxes
           when
           he
           found
           the
           plot
           discovered
           ,
           made
           War
           again
           upon
           the
           Grecians
           ,
           who
           elected
           for
           their
           Captain
           Cimon
           the
           Athenian
           ,
           the
           Son
           of
           Miltiades
           a
           young
           Gentleman
           ,
           the
           example
           of
           whose
           piety
           did
           declare
           his
           greatness
           to
           come
           ;
           for
           to
           give
           him
           Funerall
           Rites
           ,
           he
           redeemed
           the
           body
           of
           his
           Father
           out
           of
           prison
           ,
           where
           he
           dyed
           ,
           being
           accused
           to
           have
           purloined
           from
           
           the
           publike
           Treasury
           ,
           and
           took
           the
           Bonds
           upon
           himself
           ;
           neither
           did
           he
           deceive
           in
           war
           the
           expectation
           of
           his
           Friends
           ;
           for
           being
           not
           inferiour
           to
           the
           valour
           of
           his
           Father
           ,
           he
           enforced
           Xerxes
           to
           fly
           back
           with
           fear
           into
           his
           Kingdom
           ,
           being
           overcome
           both
           by
           Sea
           and
           Land.
           
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           THIRD
           BOOK
           OF
           IVSTINE
           .
        
         
           XErxes
           the
           King
           of
           the
           Persians
           ,
           the
           terror
           before
           of
           the
           Nations
           ,
           the
           wars
           being
           unfortunately
           mannaged
           abroad
           ,
           began
           at
           last
           to
           be
           despised
           at
           home
           ;
           for
           the
           Majesty
           of
           the
           King
           daily
           diminishing
           ,
           his
           Lieutenant
           Artabanus
           having
           flattered
           himself
           with
           the
           hope
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           did
           come
           in
           an
           evening
           with
           seven
           sons
           he
           had
           into
           the
           Court
           ,
           which
           by
           the
           interest
           of
           friendship
           lay
           always
           open
           to
           him
           ,
           where
           having
           slain
           the
           King
           ,
           he
           by
           policy
           did
           attempt
           to
           take
           away
           his
           sons
           ,
           who
           opposed
           his
           desire
           ;
           
           and
           not
           mistrusting
           Artaxerxes
           being
           very
           young
           ,
           he
           reported
           that
           the
           King
           was
           slain
           by
           his
           own
           Son
           Darius
           ,
           that
           he
           might
           the
           sooner
           enjoy
           the
           Kingdom
           :
           He
           perswaded
           Artaxerxes
           by
           Parricide
           to
           revenge
           Parricide
           ,
           and
           coming
           to
           the
           house
           of
           Darius
           being
           asleep
           they
           killed
           him
           ,
           as
           if
           being
           guilty
           he
           had
           coun●er●e●ted
           sleep
           on
           purpose
           .
        
         
           After
           this
           ,
           when
           Artabanus
           saw
           that
           one
           of
           the
           Royall
           Issue
           was
           yet
           remaining
           ,
           and
           did
           out-live
           his
           villany
           ,
           and
           withall
           feared
           the
           contention
           of
           the
           Nobility
           concerning
           the
           possession
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           he
           assumed
           Baccabassus
           to
           be
           a
           partner
           of
           his
           co●nsells
           ,
           who
           being
           contented
           with
           his
           present
           condition
           ,
           did
           reveal
           to
           Artaxerxes
           how
           his
           Father
           was
           slain
           ,
           and
           his
           Brother
           murdered
           upon
           a
           false
           suspicion
           of
           Parricide
           ,
           and
           that
           Treason
           was
           plotted
           against
           himself
           .
        
         
           This
           being
           understood
           ,
           Artaxerxes
           fearring
           the
           number
           of
           the
           sons
           of
           Artabanus
           ,
           did
           command
           that
           his
           Army
           should
           be
           mustered
           on
           the
           next
           day
           ,
           that
           he
           might
           take
           into
           his
           observation
           the
           number
           of
           his
           souldiers
           ,
           and
           their
           particular
           industry
           and
           experience
           in
           their
           exercise
           of
           Arms
           :
           Therefore
           when
           amongst
           the
           rest
           Artabanus
           was
           present
           and
           in
           Arms
           ,
           the
           King
           dissembled
           
           that
           his
           Coat
           of
           Mayl
           was
           not
           fit
           for
           him
           ,
           and
           desired
           Artabanus
           to
           make
           an
           exchange
           ,
           who
           being
           busie
           to
           disarm
           himself
           ,
           and
           unprepared
           for
           defence
           ,
           the
           King
           did
           run
           him
           through
           with
           his
           sword
           .
        
         
           After
           this
           ,
           he
           commanded
           the
           sons
           of
           Artabanus
           to
           be
           apprehended
           ;
           and
           at
           once
           this
           excellent
           young
           man
           did
           revenge
           the
           slaughter
           of
           his
           Father
           ,
           the
           death
           of
           his
           Brother
           ,
           and
           delivered
           himself
           from
           treachery
           .
           Whiles
           these
           things
           were
           thus
           carried
           in
           Persia
           ,
           all
           Greece
           being
           divided
           into
           two
           parts
           by
           the
           Lacedemonians
           and
           Athenians
           ,
           they
           from
           Forraign
           Wars
           did
           convert
           their
           Swords
           into
           their
           own
           bowels
           :
           Therefore
           of
           one
           people
           there
           were
           constituted
           two
           bodies
           ,
           and
           men
           heretofore
           of
           one
           and
           the
           same
           Camp
           ,
           were
           now
           divided
           into
           two
           hostile
           Armies
           .
           The
           Lacedemonians
           did
           draw
           to
           their
           party
           the
           common
           Auxiliaries
           heretofore
           of
           both
           Cities
           ;
           but
           the
           Athenians
           being
           as
           renowned
           for
           their
           Antiquity
           as
           their
           Acts
           ,
           did
           trust
           in
           their
           own
           strength
           ;
           and
           so
           these
           two
           most
           powerful
           people
           of
           Greece
           ,
           equal
           by
           the
           Institutions
           of
           Solon
           ,
           and
           the
           Laws
           of
           Lycurgus
           ,
           did
           throw
           themselves
           into
           a
           War
           through
           the
           emulation
           of
           greatness
           .
           Lycurgus
           when
           he
           succeeded
           his
           brother
           Polybites
           King
           of
           Sparta
           ,
           and
           could
           challenge
           the
           Kingdom
           
           for
           himself
           ,
           did
           with
           great
           fidelity
           restore
           it
           to
           his
           son
           Charilaus
           (
           born
           after
           his
           Fathers
           death
           )
           when
           he
           came
           unto
           age
           ,
           to
           give
           an
           example
           to
           Posterity
           how
           much
           the
           Rights
           of
           Piety
           amongst
           all
           good
           men
           should
           prevail
           above
           the
           temptation
           of
           riches
           ;
           therefore
           in
           the
           Parenthesis
           of
           time
           whiles
           the
           Infant
           grew
           up
           ,
           he
           being
           his
           protector
           ,
           made
           Laws
           for
           the
           Spartans
           ;
           Laws
           not
           more
           famous
           for
           their
           justice
           ,
           then
           for
           the
           example
           of
           the
           Law-giver
           ;
           for
           he
           ordained
           nothing
           in
           any
           Law
           for
           others
           ,
           of
           which
           he
           first
           of
           all
           had
           not
           made
           a
           rule
           of
           it
           in
           himself
           .
           He
           confirmed
           the
           people
           in
           their
           obedience
           to
           their
           Governors
           ,
           and
           the
           Governors
           to
           Justice
           in
           the
           execution
           of
           their
           places
           of
           Command
           .
           He
           perswaded
           parsimony
           to
           all
           ,
           believing
           that
           the
           labors
           of
           the
           war
           would
           be
           more
           easie
           by
           the
           daily
           exercise
           of
           frugality
           ;
           he
           commanded
           all
           things
           to
           be
           bought
           not
           with
           money
           but
           with
           exchange
           of
           wares
           ;
           he
           took
           away
           the
           use
           of
           Gold
           and
           Silver
           as
           the
           occasion
           of
           all
           wickedness
           ;
           he
           divided
           the
           administration
           of
           the
           Common-wealth
           by
           orders
           ;
           he
           gave
           to
           their
           Kings
           the
           power
           of
           the
           Wars
           ;
           to
           the
           Magistrates
           the
           Seats
           of
           Judgement
           and
           annuall
           Successions
           ;
           to
           the
           Senate
           the
           Custody
           of
           the
           Laws
           ;
           to
           the
           People
           the
           substituting
           of
           the
           Senate
           ,
           and
           the
           power
           of
           creating
           such
           Magistrates
           whom
           they
           pleased
           ;
           he
           made
           
           an
           equal
           division
           of
           Land
           to
           all
           ,
           that
           their
           Patrimonies
           being
           alike
           ,
           no
           man
           might
           be
           made
           more
           powerful
           then
           his
           Neighbour
           ;
           he
           commanded
           all
           men
           to
           keep
           their
           feasts
           in
           publike
           ,
           that
           no
           mans
           riches
           or
           his
           luxury
           should
           be
           concealed
           .
           It
           was
           permitted
           to
           young
           men
           to
           wear
           but
           one
           suit
           of
           Apparel
           during
           the
           space
           of
           one
           whole
           year
           ,
           and
           that
           no
           man
           should
           be
           clothed
           better
           then
           another
           ,
           nor
           feast
           more
           voluptuously
           ,
           lest
           the
           imitation
           should
           be
           turned
           into
           luxury
           .
           He
           instituted
           that
           the
           boys
           at
           fourteen
           years
           of
           age
           should
           not
           be
           brought
           up
           in
           the
           City
           ,
           but
           in
           the
           field
           ,
           that
           they
           might
           lay
           forth
           their
           first
           yeers
           not
           in
           riot
           ,
           but
           in
           labour
           :
           They
           were
           permitted
           neither
           bed
           nor
           pillows
           to
           lie
           upon
           ,
           nor
           to
           eat
           any
           warm
           things
           ,
           nor
           to
           return
           into
           the
           City
           untill
           they
           were
           at
           mans
           estate
           .
           He
           ordained
           that
           the
           Virgins
           should
           be
           married
           without
           portions
           .
           He
           commanded
           that
           wives
           should
           not
           be
           chosen
           for
           their
           money
           ;
           for
           he
           said
           that
           husbands
           would
           more
           severely
           observe
           the
           Laws
           of
           Matrimony
           when
           they
           were
           obliged
           by
           no
           respects
           of
           Dowry
           .
           He
           ordained
           that
           the
           greatest
           reverence
           should
           not
           be
           given
           to
           men
           rich
           or
           powerful
           ,
           but
           to
           those
           who
           were
           of
           the
           greatest
           age
           ;
           and
           to
           speak
           the
           truth
           ,
           age
           had
           nowhere
           in
           the
           world
           a
           more
           venerable
           respect
           ;
           and
           because
           their
           manners
           before
           being
           dissolute
           ,
           these
           Laws
           at
           first
           might
           appear
           to
           be
           
           harsh
           and
           hard
           ,
           he
           dissembled
           that
           Apollo
           of
           Delphos
           was
           the
           Author
           of
           them
           ,
           and
           that
           he
           received
           them
           from
           his
           Instructions
           ,
           that
           so
           the
           fear
           of
           Religion
           might
           take
           away
           all
           tediousness
           from
           the
           obedience
           of
           them
           .
           Lastly
           ,
           that
           he
           might
           give
           eternity
           to
           his
           Laws
           ,
           he
           did
           oblige
           the
           City
           by
           oath
           that
           they
           should
           change
           nothing
           in
           their
           Laws
           till
           he
           returned
           ,
           and
           counterfeited
           that
           he
           would
           go
           to
           the
           Oracle
           at
           Delphos
           to
           consult
           what
           should
           be
           taken
           away
           or
           added
           to
           them
           .
           But
           he
           travelled
           not
           to
           Delphos
           ,
           but
           to
           Creet
           ,
           and
           lived
           there
           in
           perpetuall
           banishment
           ,
           and
           dying
           he
           commanded
           that
           his
           bones
           should
           be
           cast
           into
           the
           Sea
           ,
           left
           being
           brought
           to
           Lacedemon
           they
           should
           think
           themselves
           discharged
           of
           the
           Religion
           of
           their
           Oath
           ,
           and
           dissolve
           their
           Laws
           .
           With
           these
           Laws
           the
           City
           4o
           flourished
           in
           a
           little
           time
           ,
           that
           when
           they
           made
           war
           with
           the
           Messenians
           for
           defiling
           their
           Virgins
           in
           a
           solemn
           sacrifice
           of
           the
           Messenians
           ,
           they
           bound
           themselves
           by
           a
           great
           Oath
           that
           they
           would
           never
           return
           untill
           they
           had
           levelled
           Messenia
           to
           the
           ground
           ;
           so
           much
           did
           they
           promise
           to
           themselves
           either
           by
           their
           strength
           ,
           or
           by
           their
           fortune
           ;
           therefore
           when
           contrary
           to
           their
           confidence
           they
           were
           detained
           ten
           yeers
           in
           the
           siege
           of
           the
           City
           ,
           and
           after
           so
           long
           a
           widdowhood
           were
           called
           back
           by
           the
           complaints
           of
           their
           wives
           ,
           they
           fearing
           that
           this
           continuation
           
           of
           the
           war
           they
           should
           endammage
           themselves
           more
           then
           the
           Messenians
           ;
           for
           what
           yong
           men
           the
           Messeninas
           lost
           in
           the
           War
           ,
           could
           be
           supplyed
           again
           by
           the
           fruitfulness
           of
           the
           women
           ;
           but
           unto
           them
           their
           losses
           in
           the
           War
           were
           dayly
           ,
           and
           the
           Husbands
           being
           absent
           ,
           there
           could
           not
           be
           any
           fruitfulness
           of
           their
           Wives
           ;
           therefore
           they
           did
           choose
           yong
           men
           out
           of
           that
           number
           of
           the
           Soldiers
           ,
           who
           after
           the
           administration
           of
           the
           Oath
           ,
           did
           come
           as
           Recruits
           unto
           the
           Army
           ;
           who
           being
           sent
           back
           to
           Sparta
           ,
           a
           promiscuous
           copulation
           with
           all
           women
           was
           permitted
           ,
           thinking
           that
           the
           conception
           would
           be
           more
           mature
           ,
           if
           the
           women
           did
           deserve
           for
           it
           by
           the
           4ryal
           and
           use
           of
           several
           men
           .
           The
           Children
           born
           from
           these
           were
           called
           Parthenians
           ,
           in
           reflection
           on
           their
           mothers
           chastity
           ;
           who
           when
           they
           arrived
           to
           Thirty
           years
           of
           Age
           ,
           for
           the
           fear
           of
           Penury
           (
           for
           they
           having
           no
           Father
           into
           whose
           Patrimony
           a
           Succession
           might
           be
           hoped
           )
           did
           choose
           for
           their
           Captain
           Phalantus
           the
           Son
           of
           Aratus
           ,
           who
           was
           the
           Author
           to
           the
           Spar●ans
           of
           sending
           home
           the
           yong
           men
           for
           the
           pro●agation
           of
           Children
           :
           that
           as
           they
           had
           his
           Fa●her
           the
           Author
           of
           their
           Original
           ,
           so
           they
           might
           4ave
           his
           Son
           the
           Original
           of
           their
           hope
           and
           dig●ity
           .
           Not
           taking
           leave
           of
           their
           Mothers
           by
           4hose
           loosness
           they
           thought
           they
           had
           contracted
           44famy
           ,
           they
           travel'd
           to
           seek
           out
           new
           Habitati●ns
           ,
           and
           through
           many
           Adventures
           having
           been
           
           tossed
           long
           upon
           the
           Seas
           ,
           they
           arrived
           at
           last
           in
           Italy
           ,
           and
           the
           Tower
           of
           Tarentum
           being
           taken
           ,
           and
           the
           ancient
           Inhabitants
           forced
           from
           it
           ,
           they
           there
           made
           a
           Plantation
           for
           themselves
           .
           But
           after
           many
           years
           their
           Captain
           Phalantus
           being
           by
           sedition
           driven
           into
           banishment
           ,
           did
           repair
           unto
           Brundusium
           ,
           to
           which
           place
           the
           ancient
           Tarentines
           ,
           retired
           ,
           being
           (
           as
           I
           have
           said
           )
           forced
           from
           their
           own
           Habitations
           .
           He
           dying
           ,
           did
           perswade
           them
           that
           they
           should
           beat
           his
           bones
           and
           last
           Relicts
           into
           dust
           ,
           and
           privately
           strow
           them
           on
           the
           publick
           place
           of
           meeting
           of
           the
           Tarentines
           ;
           for
           Apollo
           at
           Delphos
           did
           by
           this
           means
           promise
           that
           they
           should
           recover
           their
           City
           and
           Country
           again
           :
           they
           conceiving
           that
           to
           fulfil
           his
           revenge
           ,
           he
           had
           betrayed
           the
           fate
           of
           the
           Citizens
           ,
           did
           obey
           his
           Instructions
           .
           But
           the
           sense
           of
           the
           Oracle
           was
           contrary
           ,
           for
           it
           promised
           by
           this
           deed
           ,
           a
           perpetuity
           to
           them
           ,
           and
           not
           an
           amissi●n
           of
           their
           City
           .
           Thus
           by
           the
           counsel
           of
           their
           banisht
           Captain
           ,
           and
           the
           officiousness
           of
           the
           Enemies
           ,
           the
           City
           of
           Tarentum
           was
           through
           all
           Ages
           possessed
           by
           the
           Parthenians
           ;
           In
           the
           memory
           of
           which
           benefit
           ,
           divine
           honours
           were
           decreed
           to
           Phalantus
           .
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           ,
           the
           Messenians
           when
           they
           could
           not
           be
           overcome
           by
           prowess
           ,
           were
           circumvented
           by
           deceit
           ,
           &
           having
           for
           fourscore
           yeers
           endured
           the
           grievous
           scourges
           ,
           and
           for
           the
           most
           part
           the
           bonds
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           calamities
           of
           a
           conquered
           
           City
           ;
           after
           a
           long
           patience
           of
           punishments
           they
           renewed
           the
           War
           ,
           and
           the
           Lacedemonians
           did
           so
           much
           the
           more
           eagerly
           combine
           themselves
           unto
           Arms
           ,
           because
           they
           were
           to
           fight
           against
           their
           own
           Captains
           ;
           therefore
           when
           injury
           on
           this
           side
           ,
           and
           indignitie
           on
           the
           other
           side
           did
           exasperate
           their
           swords
           ,
           the
           Oracle
           at
           Delphos
           being
           consulted
           ,
           the
           Lacedemonians
           were
           commanded
           to
           fetch
           a
           Captain
           for
           their
           War
           from
           Athens
           .
        
         
           The
           Athenians
           when
           they
           understood
           the
           Answer
           of
           the
           Oracle
           ,
           in
           the
           disgrace
           of
           the
           Lacedemonians
           ,
           did
           send
           Tyrtaeus
           the
           Poet
           ,
           a
           man
           lame
           in
           feet
           ,
           who
           being
           overthrown
           in
           three
           battels
           ,
           did
           bring
           down
           the
           Spartans
           to
           so
           much
           desperation
           ,
           that
           they
           set
           free
           their
           servants
           for
           recruits
           of
           their
           Armie
           ;
           and
           the
           Widows
           of
           the
           slain
           were
           promised
           to
           them
           in
           marriage
           ,
           that
           they
           might
           succed
           not
           only
           in
           the
           number
           ,
           but
           also
           in
           the
           dignity
           of
           the
           Citizens
           that
           were
           lost
           .
           But
           the
           Kings
           of
           the
           Lacedemonians
           ,
           least
           by
           fighting
           against
           Fortune
           ,
           they
           should
           heap
           more
           calamity
           upon
           their
           City
           ,
           would
           have
           marched
           back
           with
           their
           Army
           ,
           had
           not
           Tyrtaeus
           intervened
           ,
           who
           at
           a
           full
           Assembly
           recited
           to
           the
           Army
           some
           Verses
           he
           had
           made
           ,
           by
           which
           he
           shot
           so
           great
           a
           heat
           of
           courage
           into
           the
           breasts
           of
           the
           Souldiers
           ,
           that
           more
           mindful
           of
           their
           burial
           then
           of
           their
           safety
           ,
           they
           fastened
           Medals
           on
           their
           right
           Arms
           ,
           in
           
           which
           their
           own
           and
           their
           Fathers
           Names
           were
           engraven
           ,
           that
           if
           the
           fury
           of
           the
           battel
           should
           have
           deveured
           them
           all
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           space
           of
           time
           the
           lineaments
           of
           their
           bodies
           should
           lie
           confused
           together
           ,
           yet
           by
           the
           observation
           of
           their
           Titles
           they
           might
           be
           discovered
           and
           delivered
           unto
           burial
           .
        
         
           When
           the
           Kings
           perceived
           the
           Army
           to
           bee
           thus
           encouraged
           ,
           they
           sent
           a
           Messenger
           to
           e●form
           the
           Enemy
           with
           their
           Resolutions
           ,
           which
           possessed
           the
           Messenians
           not
           with
           any
           fear
           ,
           but
           a
           mutual
           emulation
           ;
           they
           fought
           therefore
           with
           such
           height
           of
           Courage
           ,
           that
           there
           was
           scarce
           ever
           seen
           a
           more
           bloody
           battel
           ;
           the
           Lacedemonians
           at
           last
           did
           obtain
           the
           victory
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           process
           of
           time
           ,
           the
           Messenians
           commenced
           the
           third
           War
           ,
           at
           which
           time
           the
           Lacedemonians
           amongst
           their
           other
           Associates
           did
           call
           the
           Athenians
           to
           their
           ayd
           ;
           but
           suspecting
           their
           fidelity
           ,
           and
           pretending
           them
           to
           be
           supervacaneous
           ,
           they
           dismissed
           them
           from
           the
           service
           ,
           which
           left
           so
           deep
           an
           impression
           in
           the
           hearts
           of
           the
           Athenians
           ,
           that
           they
           translated
           the
           money
           (
           which
           was
           collected
           over
           all
           Greece
           for
           the
           Persian
           War
           )
           from
           Delos
           unto
           Athens
           ,
           least
           it
           should
           be
           a
           prey
           to
           the
           Lacedemonians
           :
           But
           the
           Lacedemonians
           were
           not
           contented
           with
           it
           ;
           for
           being
           engaged
           themselve●
           in
           the
           Messenian
           War
           ,
           they
           sent
           to
           the
           Pelopen●iensians
           to
           invade
           the
           Athenians
           ,
           whose
           Forces
           
           at
           that
           present
           were
           but
           small
           ,
           their
           Fleet
           being
           commanded
           into
           Aegypt
           ;
           therefore
           fighting
           at
           Sea
           they
           were
           easily
           overcome
           ,
           but
           by
           the
           return
           of
           their
           Associates
           ,
           being
           increased
           both
           in
           ships
           and
           men
           ,
           they
           renewed
           the
           War
           ;
           and
           now
           the
           Lacedemonians
           giving
           some
           respite
           to
           the
           Messenians
           ,
           did
           turn
           themselves
           and
           their
           arms
           against
           the
           Athenians
           ;
           the
           Victory
           was
           a
           long
           time
           doubtful
           ;
           at
           last
           they
           left
           off
           with
           equal
           loss
           ;
           and
           the
           Lacedemonians
           being
           called
           back
           to
           the
           war
           again
           of
           the
           Messenians
           ,
           least
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           they
           should
           leave
           the
           Athenians
           idle
           ,
           they
           bargain'd
           with
           the
           Thebans
           to
           restore
           unto
           them
           the
           Government
           of
           Boeotia
           which
           they
           lost
           in
           the
           times
           of
           their
           troubles
           with
           the
           Persians
           ,
           if
           they
           would
           undertake
           the
           War
           against
           the
           Athenians
           ;
           so
           great
           was
           the
           fury
           of
           the
           Spartans
           ,
           that
           being
           envolved
           in
           two
           Wars
           ,
           they
           refused
           not
           to
           undertake
           the
           third
           if
           they
           could
           get
           any
           to
           assist
           them
           who
           was
           an
           enemy
           to
           their
           Enemies
           ;
           Therefore
           the
           Athenians
           against
           so
           great
           tempest
           of
           the
           War
           did
           chuse
           two
           Captains
           ,
           Pericles
           a
           man
           of
           approved
           vertue
           ,
           and
           Sophocles
           the
           writer
           of
           Tragedies
           ,
           who
           having
           divided
           their
           Army
           ,
           did
           waste
           the
           Fields
           of
           the
           Lacedemonians
           ,
           and
           added
           many
           Cities
           of
           Achaia
           to
           their
           Government
           ,
           with
           which
           misfortunes
           the
           Lacedemonians
           being
           disco●raged
           ,
           did
           make
           peace
           with
           the
           Athenians
           for
           thirty
           yeers
           ,
           but
           their
           enmities
           could
           not
           endure
           
           so
           tedious
           a
           truce
           ;
           therefore
           in
           the
           space
           of
           less
           then
           fi●teen
           yeers
           they
           invaded
           the
           borders
           of
           Athens
           ,
           and
           plundred
           the
           Countrey
           in
           the
           despite
           of
           God
           and
           man
           ;
           and
           that
           they
           might
           not
           seem
           to
           desire
           a
           prey
           rather
           then
           an
           encounter
           ,
           they
           challenged
           the
           Athenians
           to
           battel
           ;
           but
           by
           the
           counsel
           of
           Pericl●s
           ,
           the
           Athenians
           deferr'd
           the
           injury
           of
           the
           loss
           sustain'd
           to
           an
           apt
           time
           of
           revenge
           ,
           thinking
           it
           not
           good
           discretion
           to
           joyn
           in
           battel
           with
           the
           Enemies
           ,
           when
           without
           danger
           they
           could
           be
           revenged
           of
           them
           .
           Certain
           daies
           being
           passed
           ,
           they
           went
           aboard
           their
           Ships
           ,
           and
           the
           Lacedemonians
           not
           thinking
           of
           it
           ,
           they
           plunder'd
           all
           Sparta
           ,
           and
           brought
           away
           far
           more
           then
           before
           they
           lost
           ,
           and
           in
           reference
           to
           this
           booty
           taken
           ,
           the
           revenge
           was
           above
           the
           anger
           .
           This
           Expedition
           of
           Pericles
           was
           famous
           ,
           but
           much
           more
           famous
           was
           his
           contempt
           of
           his
           private
           Patrimony
           :
           for
           the
           Enemies
           when
           they
           made
           havock
           of
           the
           rest
           ,
           did
           leave
           his
           Fields
           untouched
           ,
           hoping
           by
           that
           means
           to
           pluck
           upon
           him
           either
           danger
           by
           the
           envie
           ,
           or
           the
           infamy
           of
           treachery
           by
           suspition
           ;
           which
           Pericles
           foreseeing
           ,
           did
           both
           declare
           it
           unto
           the
           people
           ,
           and
           to
           decline
           the
           assault
           of
           envie
           ,
           did
           give
           away
           those
           Fields
           to
           the
           Commonwealth
           ,
           and
           so
           where
           his
           danger
           was
           most
           sought
           after
           ,
           he
           found
           his
           greatest
           safety
           .
           Not
           long
           after
           ,
           there
           was
           another
           battel
           at
           Sea
           ,
           in
           which
           the
           Lacedemonians
           being
           overcome
           ,
           were
           
           put
           to
           flight
           ,
           neither
           did
           they
           cease
           afterward
           ,
           but
           by
           various
           fortune
           of
           the
           War
           ,
           either
           by
           Sea
           or
           by
           land
           they
           destroyed
           one
           another
           .
           At
           the
           last
           ,
           being
           wearyed
           by
           so
           many
           calamities
           ,
           they
           made
           a
           peace
           for
           fifty
           yeers
           ,
           which
           they
           observed
           but
           six
           ;
           for
           the
           Articles
           which
           they
           signed
           in
           their
           own
           names
           ,
           they
           did
           break
           in
           the
           persons
           of
           their
           Associates
           ,
           as
           if
           they
           were
           guilty
           of
           less
           perjurie
           by
           bringing
           ayd
           to
           their
           Confederates
           ,
           then
           if
           they
           had
           proclaimed
           open
           War
           themselves
           .
           The
           War
           was
           hence
           translated
           into
           Sicily
           ,
           which
           before
           I
           shall
           declare
           ,
           some
           few
           things
           are
           to
           be
           first
           spoken
           concerning
           the
           situation
           of
           the
           Iland
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           FOVRTH
           BOOK
           OF
           IVSTINE
           .
        
         
           IT
           is
           reported
           that
           Sicily
           by
           some
           narrow
           necks
           of
           Land
           was
           heretofore
           joyned
           to
           Italy
           ,
           and
           that
           it
           was
           torn
           from
           it
           as
           from
           the
           greater
           body
           by
           the
           impetuousness
           of
           the
           upper
           Sea
           ,
           which
           is
           carryed
           that
           way
           with
           all
           the
           weight
           of
           its
           Waves
           .
           The
           Earth
           itself
           is
           light
           &
           brittle
           ,
           and
           so
           full
           of
           holes
           &
           flaws
           ,
           that
           it
           lies
           almost
           all
           open
           to
           the
           gusts
           of
           the
           winds
           ;
           and
           there
           is
           a
           natural
           vertue
           and
           faculty
           in
           it
           ,
           both
           for
           the
           begetting
           and
           the
           nourishing
           of
           fire
           ;
           for
           it
           is
           reported
           that
           within
           ,
           it
           is
           full
           of
           the
           
           veins
           of
           Pitch
           and
           Rozen
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           cause
           that
           the
           wind
           in
           the
           bowels
           of
           the
           Earth
           wrastling
           with
           the
           fire
           ,
           it
           often
           and
           in
           several
           places
           doth
           belch
           forth
           sometimes
           fire
           ,
           sometimes
           vapours
           ,
           and
           sometimes
           smoak
           ;
           and
           from
           hence
           through
           so
           many
           Ages
           ,
           the
           fire
           of
           Aetna
           doth
           continue
           ;
           and
           where
           the
           winds
           do
           work
           more
           strong
           through
           the
           spiraments
           of
           the
           Caves
           ,
           heaps
           of
           Sands
           are
           cast
           forth
           .
           The
           Promontory
           next
           to
           Italy
           is
           called
           Rhegium
           ,
           which
           according
           to
           the
           Greek
           doth
           signifie
           abrupt
           :
           Neither
           is
           it
           a
           wonder
           ,
           that
           the
           Antiquity
           of
           this
           place
           should
           bee
           so
           fabulous
           ,
           in
           which
           so
           many
           wonderful
           things
           do
           meet
           together
           .
           First
           ,
           there
           is
           nowhere
           a
           more
           violent
           Sea
           ,
           and
           not
           only
           with
           a
           rapid
           but
           a
           cruel
           force
           ,
           and
           terrible
           not
           only
           to
           the
           Saylors
           but
           Spectators
           afar
           off
           :
           so
           great
           also
           is
           the
           combate
           of
           the
           Waves
           tilting
           one
           against
           another
           ,
           that
           you
           may
           behold
           some
           of
           them
           as
           it
           were
           turning
           their
           backs
           to
           dive
           into
           the
           bottom
           of
           the
           Gulph
           ,
           and
           others
           in
           foaming
           triumph
           to
           ride
           aloft
           as
           Conquerours
           over
           them
           ;
           you
           may
           hear
           the
           roar
           of
           their
           rage
           in
           the
           height
           ,
           and
           the
           groans
           again
           of
           their
           fall
           into
           the
           Deeps
           .
           The
           perpetual
           fires
           of
           the
           Hill
           of
           Aetna
           and
           of
           the
           Aeolian
           Ilands
           do
           come
           so
           neer
           ,
           that
           you
           would
           think
           the
           very
           fire
           is
           nourished
           by
           the
           water
           ;
           for
           otherwise
           in
           so
           narrow
           a
           compass
           ,
           so
           great
           a
           fire
           could
           never
           continue
           so
           many
           Ages
           ,
           if
           it
           were
           not
           fed
           
           by
           the
           nutriture
           of
           the
           moysture
           :
           From
           hence
           the
           Fables
           did
           produce
           Scylla
           and
           Charibdis
           ;
           from
           hence
           those
           barkings
           were
           heard
           ,
           from
           hence
           were
           those
           strange
           shapes
           of
           the
           Monster
           believed
           ,
           when
           the
           Saylers
           by
           ,
           affrighted
           with
           the
           great
           noyse
           and
           swallows
           of
           the
           whirl-Pools
           ,
           did
           conceive
           those
           Waves
           did
           bark
           ,
           which
           the
           voraginousness
           of
           the
           devouring
           Sea
           did
           commit
           and
           clash
           together
           .
           The
           same
           cause
           makes
           the
           fire
           of
           the
           Monntain
           Aetna
           to
           be
           perpetual
           ;
           for
           this
           concurse
           and
           wrastling
           of
           the
           water
           doth
           take
           down
           with
           it
           into
           the
           bottom
           of
           the
           deeps
           the
           enforced
           spirit
           ,
           and
           there
           suffocates
           and
           keeps
           it
           down
           so
           long
           ,
           until
           diffused
           through
           the
           pores
           of
           the
           Earth
           ,
           it
           kindles
           the
           nutriment
           of
           the
           fire
           .
           The
           neerness
           of
           Italy
           and
           of
           Sicily
           ,
           and
           the
           height
           of
           their
           Promontories
           is
           so
           equal
           ,
           that
           it
           gives
           no
           less
           admiration
           to
           us
           ,
           then
           it
           did
           terror
           to
           Antiquity
           ,
           who
           did
           believe
           (
           the
           Promontories
           meeting
           both
           ,
           and
           uniting
           themselves
           into
           one
           ,
           and
           by
           and
           by
           again
           dividing
           )
           that
           Ships
           oftentimes
           were
           by
           them
           intercepted
           and
           comsumed
           .
           Neither
           was
           this
           invented
           by
           the
           Antients
           for
           the
           delightfulness
           of
           the
           Story
           ,
           but
           by
           the
           fear
           and
           wonder
           of
           the
           Saylers
           ;
           for
           such
           is
           the
           condition
           of
           the
           place
           to
           those
           who
           at
           distance
           do
           observe
           it
           ,
           that
           you
           would
           believe
           it
           rather
           to
           be
           a
           Harbour
           then
           a
           Passage
           ,
           to
           which
           when
           you
           are
           arrived
           ,
           you
           will
           think
           that
           the
           Promontories
           
           did
           cleave
           asunder
           and
           were
           divided
           ,
           which
           before
           were
           joyned
           into
           one
           .
           Sicily
           was
           first
           called
           Trinacria
           ,
           and
           afterwards
           Sicania
           :
           At
           the
           beginning
           it
           was
           the
           Country
           of
           the
           Cyclops
           ,
           who
           being
           extinguished
           ,
           Aeolus
           possessed
           himself
           of
           the
           command
           of
           the
           Iland
           ,
           after
           whom
           every
           one
           did
           stoop
           to
           the
           Government
           of
           Tyrants
           ,
           there
           being
           never
           any
           Land
           more
           fruitful
           of
           them
           .
           In
           the
           number
           of
           whom
           when
           Anaxilaus
           with
           justice
           and
           mercy
           contended
           with
           the
           cruelty
           of
           others
           ,
           his
           moderation
           gain'd
           him
           no
           little
           profit
           ;
           for
           when
           dying
           he
           left
           many
           little
           children
           ,
           and
           committed
           the
           Tutelage
           of
           them
           to
           Micythus
           a
           servant
           of
           his
           of
           approved
           fidelity
           ,
           so
           great
           was
           the
           love
           which
           they
           did
           all
           bear
           unto
           his
           Memory
           ,
           that
           they
           chose
           rather
           to
           obey
           a
           servant
           ,
           then
           to
           abandon
           the
           children
           of
           the
           King
           ;
           and
           the
           Governors
           of
           the
           Ci●ie
           forgetting
           their
           dignity
           ,
           did
           permit
           that
           the
           Majesty
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           should
           be
           administred
           by
           a
           servant
           .
        
         
           The
           Government
           of
           Sicily
           was
           heretofore
           attempted
           by
           the
           Carthaginians
           ,
           and
           with
           various
           success
           they
           for
           a
           long
           time
           did
           fight
           with
           the
           Tyrants
           ;
           but
           their
           General
           Hamilcar
           being
           lost
           at
           last
           with
           his
           whole
           Army
           ,
           the
           conquered
           were
           quiet
           for
           a
           season
           :
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           ,
           when
           the
           Inhabitants
           of
           Regium
           did
           labour
           with
           discord
           ,
           and
           the
           City
           was
           divided
           into
           two
           parts
           ,
           the
           old
           Souldiers
           who
           combined
           
           altogether
           being
           called
           by
           the
           Inhabitants
           of
           the
           City
           of
           Imera
           to
           their
           ayd
           ,
           having
           relieved
           the
           City
           ,
           did
           fall
           upon
           their
           friends
           whom
           they
           came
           to
           assist
           ,
           and
           not
           only
           seized
           upon
           their
           City
           ,
           but
           took
           their
           Wives
           and
           Children
           captive
           ,
           their
           Fathers
           and
           Husbands
           being
           slain
           who
           did
           oppose
           them
           ;
           a
           villany
           by
           no
           Tyrants
           to
           bee
           paralleld
           .
           How
           much
           more
           honourable
           were
           it
           for
           the
           Rhegians
           in
           this
           cause
           to
           be
           conquered
           then
           to
           conquer
           ?
           for
           although
           by
           the
           Laws
           of
           War
           they
           had
           served
           the
           Authors
           of
           their
           Captivitie
           ,
           or
           ,
           their
           Countrey
           being
           lost
           ,
           they
           were
           necessitated
           to
           be
           banished
           ,
           yet
           they
           should
           never
           have
           left
           their
           City
           nor
           their
           Wives
           and
           Children
           as
           a
           prey
           to
           the
           most
           barbarous
           of
           Tyrants
           ,
           nor
           be
           sacrificed
           themselves
           almost
           on
           their
           own
           Altars
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           presence
           of
           the
           gods
           of
           their
           Countrey
           .
        
         
           The
           Catanians
           also
           ,
           when
           they
           found
           the
           Syracusians
           too
           heavily
           to
           oppress
           them
           ,
           distrusting
           their
           own
           strength
           ,
           desired
           ayd
           of
           the
           Athenians
           ,
           who
           whether
           out
           of
           the
           desire
           to
           encrease
           their
           Dominions
           ,
           being
           masters
           already
           of
           Greece
           and
           Asia
           ,
           or
           whether
           for
           fear
           that
           the
           Lacedemonians
           Forces
           should
           be
           added
           to
           the
           Syracusian
           Navie
           ,
           sent
           Lamponius
           their
           Captain
           with
           a
           Fleet
           into
           Sicily
           ,
           that
           under
           pretence
           of
           assisting
           the
           Catanians
           ,
           they
           should
           indeavour
           to
           possess
           themselves
           of
           the
           whole
           Iland
           .
           And
           because
           their
           first
           beginnings
           were
           
           prosperous
           enough
           ,
           their
           Enemies
           being
           often
           slain
           or
           routed
           ,
           with
           a
           great
           Navie
           and
           a
           stronger
           Army
           they
           came
           again
           to
           Sicily
           ,
           under
           the
           command
           of
           Lachetes
           and
           Chariades
           ;
           But
           the
           Catanians
           either
           through
           fear
           of
           the
           Athenians
           ,
           or
           the
           tediousness
           of
           the
           War
           ,
           made
           peace
           with
           the
           Syracusians
           ,
           the
           Auxiliaries
           of
           the
           Athenians
           being
           dismissed
           :
           Not
           long
           after
           ,
           when
           this
           Covenant
           of
           Peace
           was
           ill
           observed
           by
           the
           Saracusians
           ,
           they
           sent
           their
           Ambassadors
           again
           to
           Athens
           ,
           who
           in
           old
           and
           ragged
           habiliments
           ,
           their
           hair
           both
           of
           head
           and
           beard
           being
           of
           an
           unsightly
           length
           ,
           and
           in
           a
           most
           slovenly
           and
           deformed
           posture
           ,
           to
           move
           compassion
           ,
           did
           address
           themselves
           to
           the
           Assembly
           .
           Tears
           were
           added
           to
           their
           prayers
           ,
           and
           their
           supplications
           so
           prevailed
           upon
           the
           people
           inclined
           to
           pity
           ,
           that
           they
           condemned
           their
           Captains
           who
           brought
           back
           their
           Auxiliaries
           from
           them
           .
           Hereupon
           a
           great
           Navie
           was
           prepared
           ;
           Nicias
           ,
           and
           Alcibiades
           ,
           and
           Lamachus
           were
           made
           Captains
           ,
           and
           so
           formidable
           an
           Army
           was
           sent
           into
           Sicily
           ,
           that
           they
           became
           even
           a
           terror
           to
           those
           unto
           whose
           ayd
           they
           marched
           .
           Not
           long
           after
           Alcibiades
           being
           called
           back
           to
           answer
           to
           the
           Charge
           that
           was
           brought
           against
           him
           ,
           Nicias
           and
           Lamachus
           did
           obtain
           two
           Victories
           by
           Land
           ,
           and
           with
           a
           close
           siege
           having
           begirt
           their
           Enemies
           ,
           they
           block'd
           up
           the
           passage
           ,
           which
           brought
           
           them
           their
           relief
           from
           Sea.
           The
           Syracusians
           labouring
           under
           the
           burden
           of
           these
           necessities
           ,
           desired
           ayd
           of
           the
           Lacedemonians
           ,
           which
           was
           dispatched
           to
           them
           but
           with
           one
           Captain
           ,
           Gylippus
           by
           name
           ,
           but
           such
           a
           one
           that
           no
           assistance
           could
           be
           comparable
           to
           his
           .
           He
           (
           the
           nature
           and
           course
           of
           the
           War
           being
           understood
           ,
           and
           yet
           almost
           in
           a
           lost
           condition
           ,
           they
           had
           drawn
           together
           some
           few
           inconsiderable
           Forces
           our
           of
           Greece
           and
           Sicily
           )
           did
           in
           the
           first
           place
           possess
           himself
           of
           some
           places
           of
           reserve
           fit
           for
           the
           carrying
           on
           of
           the
           War
           :
           After
           this
           being
           twice
           routed
           ;
           in
           the
           third
           encounter
           ,
           he
           slew
           Lamachus
           one
           of
           their
           Commanders
           of
           the
           Athenians
           ,
           and
           having
           put
           his
           Enemies
           to
           flight
           ,
           he
           relieved
           his
           besieged
           friends
           .
           On
           this
           the
           Athenians
           transferr'd
           the
           War
           from
           Land
           to
           Sea
           ,
           which
           being
           suddenly
           known
           ,
           Gylippus
           sent
           to
           Lacedemon
           for
           the
           Fleet
           to
           his
           assistance
           ,
           and
           for
           some
           recruits
           if
           need
           were
           for
           the
           service
           of
           the
           Land.
           The
           Athenians
           also
           sent
           Demosthenes
           and
           Eurymedon
           in
           the
           place
           of
           their
           Captain
           that
           was
           killed
           ,
           with
           supplies
           both
           of
           men
           and
           money
           .
           And
           by
           the
           common
           decree
           of
           Cities
           ,
           the
           Pelopennesians
           sent
           Auxiliaries
           in
           great
           numbers
           to
           the
           Syracusians
           ;
           and
           as
           if
           that
           the
           War
           of
           Greece
           was
           translated
           into
           Sicily
           ,
           they
           did
           fight
           on
           both
           sides
           in
           the
           height
           of
           resolution
           with
           all
           the
           powers
           they
           could
           make
           .
           In
           the
           first
           encounter
           at
           
           Sea
           the
           Athenians
           were
           overcome
           ,
           who
           lost
           all
           ,
           and
           all
           their
           moneys
           both
           publick
           and
           private
           :
           This
           distress
           at
           Sea
           was
           seconded
           by
           a
           distress
           at
           Land
           ,
           and
           being
           routed
           there
           also
           ,
           it
           was
           the
           counsel
           of
           Demosthenes
           ,
           that
           they
           should
           remove
           themselves
           ,
           and
           the
           War
           from
           Sicily
           ,
           whiles
           their
           affairs
           ,
           though
           shaken
           and
           ruinous
           ,
           were
           not
           quite
           lost
           ,
           and
           that
           they
           ought
           not
           to
           persevere
           any
           longer
           in
           a
           War
           unluckily
           begun
           ;
           he
           alleaged
           that
           there
           may
           be
           more
           grievous
           and
           more
           unfortunate
           Wars
           at
           home
           ,
           for
           which
           they
           ought
           to
           reserve
           the
           Forces
           of
           their
           City
           .
           But
           Nicias
           ,
           whether
           through
           shame
           of
           the
           ill
           success
           ,
           or
           through
           f●ar
           to
           leave
           destitute
           the
           hopes
           by
           abandoning
           the
           cause
           of
           his
           Associates
           ,
           or
           fate
           so
           ordaining
           it
           ,
           was
           resolved
           not
           to
           stir
           .
           Therefore
           the
           fight
           again
           at
           Sea
           was
           renewed
           ,
           and
           they
           were
           called
           back
           from
           the
           storm
           of
           their
           former
           misfortune
           ,
           to
           some
           hope
           of
           Victory
           ;
           But
           by
           the
           unexperience
           of
           their
           Captains
           who
           assaulted
           the
           Syracusians
           ,
           defending
           themselves
           in
           the
           streights
           of
           the
           Sea
           ,
           they
           were
           easily
           overcome
           .
           Eurymedon
           their
           Captain
           fighting
           most
           bravely
           amongst
           the
           foremost
           ,
           was
           the
           first
           that
           was
           slain
           :
           The
           thirty
           ships
           which
           he
           commanded
           were
           all
           immediately
           devoured
           by
           the
           fire
           .
           Demosthenes
           and
           Nicias
           being
           themselves
           all
           overcome
           ,
           did
           convey
           their
           Army
           to
           the
           shoar
           ,
           thinking
           that
           their
           flight
           would
           be
           more
           safe
           by
           Land
           ,
           whereupon
           
           Gylippus
           seized
           upon
           one
           hundred
           and
           thirty
           of
           their
           ships
           which
           they
           had
           abandoned
           ,
           and
           pursuing
           the
           Athenians
           in
           their
           flight
           ,
           he
           took
           many
           Prisoners
           ,
           and
           put
           many
           to
           the
           sword
           .
           Demosthenes
           (
           the
           Army
           being
           lost
           )
           did
           with
           his
           sword
           by
           a
           voluntary
           death
           redeem
           himself
           from
           Captivity
           :
           But
           Nicias
           ,
           who
           would
           not
           be
           admonished
           by
           the
           counsel
           of
           Demosthenes
           to
           provide
           for
           himself
           ,
           did
           encrease
           his
           overthrow
           with
           the
           dishonour
           of
           Captivity
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           FIFTH
           BOOK
           OF
           IVSTINE
           .
        
         
           WHiles
           the
           Athenians
           for
           two
           years
           together
           did
           make
           war
           in
           Sicily
           more
           eagerly
           then
           happily
           ;
           one
           of
           their
           Generals
           ,
           and
           a
           contriver
           of
           that
           War
           ,
           Alcibiades
           by
           name
           ,
           being
           absent
           ,
           was
           accused
           at
           Athens
           for
           having
           divulged
           the
           mysteries
           of
           Ceres
           ,
           which
           were
           solemnized
           by
           nothing
           more
           then
           silence
           ;
           and
           being
           called
           back
           from
           the
           war
           to
           his
           tryal
           ,
           either
           not
           enduring
           the
           consciousness
           ,
           or
           the
           indignity
           of
           the
           Charge
           ,
           conveyed
           himself
           privately
           away
           into
           
           banishment
           at
           Elis
           ;
           where
           he
           perswaded
           the
           King
           of
           the
           Lacedemonians
           (
           the
           State
           of
           the
           Athenians
           being
           sorely
           shaken
           )
           by
           the
           adverse
           war
           in
           Sicily
           ,
           to
           invade
           their
           Territories
           at
           home
           ;
           whereupon
           all
           the
           Cities
           of
           Greece
           did
           come
           of
           their
           own
           accord
           to
           his
           assistance
           ,
           as
           to
           put
           out
           a
           common
           fire
           ;
           so
           general
           a
           hatred
           the
           Athenians
           had
           contracted
           by
           their
           cruelty
           ,
           through
           the
           immoderate
           desire
           of
           Soveraignty
           .
           Darius
           also
           King
           of
           the
           Persians
           ,
           being
           not
           unmindful
           of
           the
           ancient
           enmity
           of
           this
           City
           to
           them
           ,
           (
           a
           league
           being
           made
           with
           the
           Lacedemonians
           by
           Tissafernes
           Governor
           of
           Lydia
           )
           did
           promise
           to
           assist
           the
           Grecians
           in
           all
           the
           charges
           of
           the
           war.
           This
           was
           his
           pretence
           to
           comply
           with
           the
           Grecians
           ;
           but
           he
           feared
           in
           earnest
           ,
           lest
           the
           Athenians
           being
           overthrown
           ,
           the
           Lacedemonians
           should
           transfer
           the
           war
           on
           him
           .
           Who
           would
           therefore
           wonder
           that
           so
           flourishing
           an
           Estate
           as
           was
           this
           of
           Athens
           ,
           should
           fall
           to
           the
           ground
           ,
           when
           to
           oppose
           it
           alone
           ,
           all
           the
           Powers
           of
           the
           East
           did
           unite
           themselves
           together
           ?
           but
           they
           fell
           not
           in
           a
           sluggish
           or
           an
           unbloody
           war
           ,
           but
           fought
           to
           the
           last
           man
           ;
           and
           being
           sometimes
           Conquerors
           ,
           they
           were
           not
           overcome
           but
           rather
           worn
           out
           by
           the
           variety
           of
           their
           fortune
           .
           In
           the
           beginning
           of
           the
           war
           ,
           all
           their
           Consederates
           revolted
           from
           them
           ,
           as
           commonly
           it
           is
           seen
           ,
           that
           where
           fortune
           ,
           thither
           also
           the
           favour
           of
           men
           does
           incline
           ;
           Alcibiades
           also
           
           did
           help
           on
           the
           war
           made
           against
           his
           Country
           ,
           not
           with
           the
           industry
           of
           a
           common
           Souldier
           ,
           but
           with
           the
           power
           of
           a
           Commander
           :
           For
           having
           received
           a
           squadron
           of
           five
           ships
           ,
           he
           sailed
           into
           Asia
           ;
           and
           by
           the
           authority
           of
           his
           name
           ,
           compelled
           the
           Cities
           which
           paid
           tribute
           there
           to
           Athens
           ,
           to
           rebel
           against
           them
           ;
           For
           they
           knew
           that
           he
           was
           famous
           at
           home
           ,
           and
           saw
           him
           not
           made
           less
           by
           banishment
           ;
           and
           he
           being
           a
           Captain
           not
           so
           much
           taken
           from
           the
           Athenians
           ,
           as
           offered
           to
           the
           Lacedemonians
           ,
           they
           weighed
           the
           Government
           he
           had
           go●ten
           with
           that
           which
           he
           had
           lost
           :
           But
           his
           vertue
           contracted
           amongst
           the
           Lacedemonians
           more
           env●e
           then
           favour
           ;
           Therefore
           when
           the
           Rulers
           had
           commanded
           that
           by
           treachery
           he
           should
           be
           slain
           ,
           being
           one
           tha●
           did
           emulate
           their
           glory
           ,
           it
           being
           made
           known
           to
           Alcibiades
           by
           the
           wife
           of
           King
           Agis
           ,
           with
           whom
           he
           was
           too
           familiar
           ,
           he
           sled
           to
           Tissafernes
           the
           Lieutenant
           of
           King
           Darius
           ,
           into
           whom
           he
           quickly
           did
           insinua
           e
           himself
           by
           the
           officiousness
           of
           his
           Courtship
           and
           his
           eloquence
           ;
           For
           he
           was
           in
           the
           flower
           of
           his
           youth
           &
           beauty
           ,
           and
           famous
           also
           amongst
           the
           Athenians
           for
           his
           Oratory
           ,
           more
           happy
           in
           procuring
           friendships
           then
           in
           preserving
           them
           ;
           for
           the
           vices
           of
           his
           manners
           did
           lie
           hid
           under
           the
           shadow
           of
           his
           Eloquence
           ;
           he
           perswaded
           Tissafernes
           that
           he
           should
           not
           contribute
           so
           much
           in
           money
           to
           the
           Fleet
           of
           the
           Lacedemonians
           ,
           alledging
           that
           
           the
           Ionians
           were
           to
           pay
           part
           of
           it
           ,
           for
           whose
           liberty
           being
           tributary
           to
           Athens
           ,
           the
           war
           was
           undertaken
           ;
           neither
           were
           the
           Lacedemonians
           (
           he
           said
           )
           too
           prodigally
           to
           be
           seconded
           with
           Auxiliaries
           ;
           for
           he
           ought
           to
           consider
           that
           he
           provided
           a
           Victory
           for
           another
           ,
           not
           for
           himselfe
           ;
           and
           so
           far
           onely
           ,
           the
           war
           was
           to
           be
           relieved
           ,
           that
           it
           might
           not
           for
           want
           be
           abandoned
           .
           For
           in
           this
           discord
           of
           the
           Greeks
           ,
           the
           King
           of
           Persia
           might
           stand
           as
           an
           Arbitrator
           b●th
           of
           Peace
           and
           War
           ,
           and
           overcome
           them
           by
           their
           mutual
           Arms
           whom
           he
           could
           not
           by
           his
           own
           .
           And
           the
           war
           being
           ended
           ,
           it
           may
           come
           to
           his
           turn
           afterwards
           to
           fight
           with
           the
           Conquerors
           ;
           Greece
           therefore
           he
           said
           ,
           was
           to
           be
           over-run
           with
           Domestick
           wars
           ,
           that
           they
           might
           not
           have
           the
           leisure
           to
           look
           abroad
           ;
           and
           the
           powers
           of
           the
           Parties
           were
           to
           kept
           equal
           ,
           and
           the
           weaker
           to
           be
           relieved
           with
           ayd
           ;
           for
           he
           may
           be
           sure
           ,
           that
           the
           Lacedemonians
           who
           profess
           themselves
           to
           be
           the
           Defenders
           of
           the
           liberty
           of
           Greece
           ,
           will
           not
           be
           quiet
           after
           this
           Victory
           .
           This
           Speech
           was
           agreeable
           to
           Tissafernes
           ;
           therefore
           the
           prom●sed
           provisions
           for
           the
           war
           were
           〈◊〉
           but
           slowly
           in
           ;
           he
           sent
           also
           but
           part
           of
           the
           R●yal
           Navy
           ,
           lest
           he
           should
           compleat
           the
           Victory
           ,
           and
           lay
           a
           necessity
           on
           the
           other
           side
           to
           lay
           down
           their
           Arms.
           Alcibiades
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           ,
           did
           make
           this
           known
           to
           the
           Citizens
           of
           Athens
           ,
           unto
           whom
           when
           their
           Ambassadors
           
           did
           arrive
           ,
           he
           promised
           them
           the
           friendship
           of
           the
           King
           ,
           if
           the
           command
           of
           the
           Common-wealth
           were
           translated
           from
           the
           people
           to
           the
           Senate
           ;
           hoping
           that
           either
           by
           the
           agreement
           of
           the
           City
           he
           should
           be
           chosen
           General
           by
           all
           ,
           or
           a
           difference
           being
           made
           betwixt
           the
           people
           and
           Senate
           ,
           he
           should
           be
           called
           by
           one
           of
           the
           parties
           to
           their
           assistance
           ;
           But
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           imminent
           danger
           of
           the
           war
           ,
           the
           Athenians
           had
           a
           greater
           care
           of
           their
           safety
           then
           their
           dignity
           .
           Therefore
           the
           people
           giving
           way
           unto
           it
           ,
           the
           Government
           was
           transla
           ed
           to
           the
           Senate
           ;
           whom
           when
           they
           mannaged
           themselves
           with
           great
           cruelty
           to
           the
           people
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           pride
           inherent
           to
           that
           Nation
           ,
           every
           one
           by
           himselfe
           exercising
           the
           power
           of
           a
           Tyrant
           ,
           Alcibiades
           was
           called
           from
           his
           banishment
           by
           the
           Army
           ,
           and
           cho
           en
           Admiral
           of
           the
           Navie
           :
           He
           immediately
           sent
           to
           Athens
           that
           he
           would
           make
           haste
           unto
           them
           with
           an
           Army
           ,
           and
           if
           they
           would
           not
           restore
           it
           ,
           he
           would
           by
           force
           take
           from
           the
           f
           ur
           hundred
           ,
           the
           priv●ledges
           of
           the
           people
           .
           The
           Peers
           affright●d
           with
           this
           Rem●nstrance
           ,
           did
           attempt
           in
           the
           first
           place
           to
           betray
           the
           City
           to
           the
           La●ed●monians
           ,
           which
           when
           by
           the
           vigilance
           of
           the
           Army
           ,
           it
           could
           not
           be
           effected
           ,
           they
           undertook
           a
           wilful
           banishment
           .
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           ,
           Alcibiades
           ,
           his
           Country
           be●ng
           delivered
           from
           the
           intestine
           trouble
           ,
           with
           great
           care
           and
           industry
           equipped
           
           
           
           
           
           his
           Fleet
           ,
           and
           lanched
           forth
           against
           the
           Lacedemonians
           ,
           and
           being
           expected
           by
           Mindarus
           and
           Pharnabasus
           ,
           the
           two
           Admirals
           of
           the
           Lacedemonians
           ,
           the
           battel
           being
           begun
           ,
           the
           Athenians
           had
           the
           Victory
           :
           In
           this
           battel
           ,
           the
           greatest
           part
           of
           the
           Army
           ,
           and
           almost
           all
           the
           Commanders
           and
           Officers
           of
           the
           Lacedemonians
           were
           slain
           ;
           Not
           long
           after
           ,
           when
           they
           brought
           the
           War
           from
           Sea
           to
           Land
           ,
           they
           were
           overcome
           again
           ;
           being
           discouraged
           with
           those
           losses
           ,
           they
           desired
           a
           peace
           ;
           which
           that
           it
           might
           not
           be
           obtained
           ,
           was
           procured
           by
           their
           policy
           who
           knew
           which
           way
           to
           make
           a
           mercenary
           advantage
           of
           it
           .
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           ,
           the
           Carthaginians
           having
           made
           war
           in
           Sicily
           ,
           the
           Auxiliaries
           sent
           to
           the
           Lacedemonians
           from
           the
           Syracusians
           were
           called
           back
           ;
           and
           the
           Lacedemonians
           being
           left
           destitute
           ,
           Alcibiades
           with
           his
           conquering
           Navie
           did
           make
           spoile
           in
           Asia
           ,
           and
           fought
           many
           battels
           in
           many
           places
           ,
           and
           being
           every-where
           a
           Conqueror
           ,
           he
           reduced
           the
           Cities
           which
           revolted
           ,
           he
           subdued
           some
           others
           ,
           and
           added
           them
           to
           the
           Commonwealth
           of
           Athens
           .
           And
           thus
           having
           vindicated
           the
           antient
           glory
           of
           the
           Athenians
           by
           Sea
           ,
           and
           made
           himself
           mo●e
           famous
           by
           some
           Conquests
           by
           Land
           ,
           being
           much
           desired
           by
           the
           Citizens
           ,
           he
           returned
           to
           Athens
           ;
           In
           these
           encounters
           he
           took
           two
           hundred
           ships
           from
           the
           Enemy
           and
           a
           great
           booty
           :
           The
           Army
           rerurning
           in
           triumph
           ,
           the
           
           people
           in
           throngs
           came
           forth
           to
           meet
           them
           ,
           and
           with
           wonder
           they
           gaze
           upon
           all
           the
           Souldiers
           in
           general
           ,
           but
           on
           Alcibiades
           in
           particular
           :
           The
           whole
           City
           did
           fasten
           on
           him
           their
           eyes
           ;
           they
           extolled
           him
           as
           sent
           from
           Heaven
           ,
           and
           beheld
           him
           as
           Victory
           her self
           :
           They
           repeated
           what
           he
           atchieved
           for
           his
           Country
           ,
           and
           what
           being
           a
           banished
           man
           ,
           he
           had
           acted
           against
           it
           ,
           excusing
           him
           that
           he
           was
           incensed
           and
           provoked
           to
           it
           ;
           So
           much
           of
           high
           concernment
           there
           was
           in
           this
           one
           man
           that
           he
           was
           both
           the
           Author
           of
           their
           large
           Dominions
           subverted
           ,
           and
           again
           restored
           .
           They
           did
           prosecute
           his
           merits
           not
           onely
           with
           all
           humane
           ,
           but
           with
           divine
           honors
           ,
           and
           contended
           with
           themselves
           whither
           they
           more
           contumeliously
           expelled
           him
           ,
           or
           more
           honourably
           received
           him
           ;
           they
           brought
           those
           gods
           to
           gratulate
           him
           to
           whose
           execrations
           they
           had
           before
           devoted
           him
           ,
           and
           they
           would
           now
           place
           him
           in
           Heaven
           ,
           to
           whom
           they
           had
           denyed
           the
           society
           of
           men
           .
           They
           made
           satisfaction
           for
           disgrace
           with
           honors
           ,
           for
           losses
           w●th
           rewards
           ,
           and
           for
           execrations
           with
           prayers
           .
           They
           discoursed
           no●
           of
           the
           adverse
           fight
           in
           Sicily
           ,
           but
           of
           the
           Victory
           of
           Greece
           ,
           not
           of
           the
           Fleets
           he
           lost
           ,
           but
           of
           those
           he
           won
           ,
           not
           of
           Syracuse
           ,
           but
           of
           Ionia
           and
           Hellespont
           .
           This
           was
           the
           fortune
           of
           Alcibiades
           who
           never
           knew
           a
           mean
           either
           in
           the
           favours
           or
           the
           displeasure
           of
           his
           Citizens
           .
           Whiles
           this
           was
           done
           at
           Athens
           ,
           the
           Lacedemonians
           
           made
           Lysander
           General
           both
           by
           Sea
           and
           Land
           ;
           and
           Darius
           King
           of
           the
           Persians
           had
           made
           his
           Son
           Cyrus
           Governor
           of
           Lydia
           ,
           and
           Ionia
           in
           the
           place
           of
           Tissafernes
           ,
           who
           with
           men
           and
           money
           did
           raise
           up
           the
           Lacedemonians
           to
           the
           hope
           of
           their
           former
           fortune
           .
           Being
           increased
           in
           their
           strength
           with
           the
           suddenness
           of
           their
           approach
           ,
           they
           suppressed
           Alcibiades
           sent
           into
           Asia
           with
           one
           hundred
           ships
           ,
           and
           spoiling
           the
           Countrey
           made
           rich
           with
           long
           peace
           ,
           his
           Souldiers
           in
           the
           desire
           of
           the
           booty
           being
           dispersed
           ,
           and
           not
           suspecting
           the
           coming
           of
           an
           Enemy
           ;
           so
           great
           therefore
           was
           the
           slaughter
           which
           the
           Lacedemonians
           made
           ,
           that
           in
           this
           fight
           the
           Athenians
           received
           a
           greater
           wound
           then
           they
           did
           give
           in
           the
           former
           ;
           and
           so
           great
           was
           their
           desperation
           ,
           that
           immediately
           they
           changed
           their
           General
           Alcibiades
           for
           Conon
           ,
           believing
           ,
           they
           were
           overcome
           ,
           not
           by
           the
           fortune
           of
           the
           war
           ,
           but
           by
           the
           deceit
           of
           Alcibiades
           ,
           on
           whom
           the
           former
           injuries
           more
           prevailed
           then
           the
           latter
           benefits
           ;
           they
           alleaged
           that
           in
           the
           former
           war
           ,
           he
           over-came
           onely
           to
           shew
           the
           Enemies
           what
           a
           General
           they
           had
           despised
           ,
           and
           yet
           he
           might
           fell
           the
           Victory
           more
           deer
           unto
           them
           ;
           for
           the
           vigor
           of
           his
           wit
           ,
           his
           love
           to
           vices
           ,
           and
           the
           luxury
           of
           his
           manners
           ,
           made
           all
           things
           credible
           in
           Alcibiades
           :
           Fearing
           therefore
           the
           violence
           of
           the
           people
           ,
           he
           betook
           himself
           to
           a
           willing
           banishment
           .
           Conow
           succeeding
           
           Alcibiades
           in
           the
           Government
           of
           the
           Army
           ,
           having
           before
           his
           eyes
           ,
           how
           great
           a
           Captain
           he
           was
           that
           was
           before
           him
           ,
           did
           make
           the
           Navie
           readic
           with
           the
           greatest
           industry
           ;
           but
           men
           were
           wanting
           to
           the
           ships
           ,
           the
           most
           valiant
           being
           slain
           in
           taking
           the
           spoils
           of
           Asia
           ;
           Boyes
           therefore
           and
           old
           men
           were
           armed
           ,
           and
           great
           was
           the
           number
           of
           the
           Souldiers
           ,
           but
           weak
           was
           the
           strength
           of
           the
           Army
           .
           The
           Lacedemonians
           made
           no
           long
           work
           of
           them
           ;
           for
           being
           unable
           to
           resist
           ,
           they
           were
           everywhere
           either
           killed
           or
           taken
           prisoners
           ;
           and
           so
           great
           was
           the
           overthrow
           ,
           that
           not
           onely
           the
           Common-wealth
           ,
           but
           even
           the
           name
           of
           the
           Athenians
           did
           seem
           to
           be
           extinguished
           ;
           so
           lost
           and
           desperate
           was
           their
           condition
           ,
           and
           so
           great
           an
           exigence
           were
           they
           brought
           unto
           ,
           that
           for
           want
           of
           Souldiers
           ,
           they
           gave
           the
           priviledges
           of
           the
           freedom
           of
           the
           City
           to
           strangers
           ,
           liberty
           to
           slaves
           ,
           and
           impunity
           to
           the
           condemned
           ;
           and
           with
           this
           c●nscribed
           Army
           composed
           of
           the
           out-casts
           of
           men
           ,
           the
           late
           Lords
           of
           Greece
           did
           defend
           their
           Liberties
           .
           They
           had
           once
           more
           a
           minde
           to
           try
           their
           fortune
           at
           Sea
           ,
           and
           they
           were
           possessed
           with
           such
           a
           sudden
           height
           of
           courage
           ,
           that
           when
           they
           before
           despaired
           of
           their
           lives
           ,
           they
           were
           now
           even
           confident
           of
           Victory
           .
           But
           these
           were
           not
           the
           Souldiers
           who
           should
           uphold
           the
           name
           of
           the
           Athenians
           ,
           nor
           these
           the
           Forces
           with
           which
           they
           were
           accustomed
           to
           
           overcome
           ;
           neither
           could
           any
           military
           abilities
           be
           expected
           from
           these
           men
           ,
           who
           were
           inured
           to
           bonds
           ,
           and
           not
           unto
           Tents
           :
           They
           were
           all
           therefore
           either
           killed
           or
           taken
           ;
           Conon
           their
           General
           only
           remained
           alive
           ,
           who
           fearing
           the
           cruelty
           of
           the
           Citizens
           ,
           with
           eight
           ships
           did
           repair
           unto
           Evagoras
           the
           King
           of
           Cyprus
           .
           But
           the
           General
           of
           the
           Lacedemonians
           ,
           the
           war
           happily
           being
           mannaged
           ,
           did
           insult
           over
           the
           fortune
           of
           his
           Enemies
           :
           He
           sent
           the
           ships
           he
           took
           ,
           the
           booty
           being
           layd
           forth
           upon
           the
           Decks
           ,
           in
           the
           way
           of
           triumph
           to
           Lacedemon
           ,
           and
           received
           the
           Cities
           into
           his
           protection
           which
           payed
           tribute
           to
           Athens
           :
           the
           fear
           of
           the
           doubtful
           fortune
           of
           the
           war
           ,
           detaining
           them
           till
           then
           in
           their
           fidelity
           ;
           the
           Athenians
           had
           now
           nothing
           left
           them
           but
           the
           Citie
           it self
           ;
           when
           this
           was
           reported
           at
           Athens
           ,
           they
           all
           abandoning
           their
           honours
           ,
           did
           traverse
           the
           streets
           of
           the
           City
           in
           great
           fear
           ;
           they
           demanded
           the
           news
           of
           one
           another
           ,
           and
           examined
           the
           authority
           of
           the
           Messengers
           ;
           imprudency
           kept
           not
           at
           home
           the
           young
           ,
           nor
           delibity
           the
           old
           ,
           nor
           the
           weakness
           of
           their
           Sexe
           the
           women
           :
           So
           much
           the
           sence
           of
           the
           calamity
           had
           possessed
           every
           Age.
           Late
           in
           the
           night
           they
           assembled
           in
           the
           Market-place
           ,
           and
           began
           to
           lament
           the
           publick
           misfortune
           ;
           some
           bewailed
           their
           brothers
           ,
           some
           their
           sons
           ,
           some
           their
           parents
           ,
           some
           their
           kindred
           ,
           some
           their
           
           friends
           deerer
           then
           their
           kindred
           ,
           and
           with
           private
           mischances
           mingled
           the
           publick
           losses
           ;
           sometimes
           thinking
           of
           the
           ruine
           of
           themselves
           ,
           sometimes
           of
           the
           ruine
           of
           their
           Countrey
           ,
           sometimes
           conceiving
           the
           fortune
           of
           the
           living
           to
           be
           more
           miserable
           then
           the
           fortune
           of
           the
           dead
           ;
           they
           did
           every
           one
           propound
           unto
           themselves
           ,
           siege
           and
           famine
           ,
           and
           the
           proud
           conquering
           Enemy
           .
           The
           destruction
           and
           firing
           of
           the
           City
           ,
           the
           general
           captivity
           ,
           and
           most
           miserable
           slavery
           did
           still
           present
           it self
           before
           their
           eyes
           ,
           believing
           that
           the
           ruines
           of
           the
           former
           City
           were
           far
           more
           happy
           ,
           when
           their
           sons
           and
           fathers
           being
           alive
           ,
           they
           were
           onely
           punish'd
           with
           the
           destruction
           of
           their
           walls
           and
           honours
           :
           They
           had
           now
           no
           Fleet
           to
           which
           as
           before
           they
           might
           repair
           ,
           nor
           had
           they
           any
           Army
           by
           whose
           valour
           being
           preserved
           ,
           they
           might
           build
           greater
           walls
           .
           In
           this
           manner
           lamenting
           the
           condition
           of
           their
           City
           ,
           their
           Enemies
           came
           upon
           them
           ,
           and
           at
           once
           did
           inviron
           them
           with
           an
           Army
           ,
           and
           besieged
           them
           with
           hunger
           :
           They
           knew
           that
           not
           many
           of
           their
           forces
           remained
           ;
           and
           they
           provided
           that
           no
           man
           should
           be
           brought
           in
           ;
           with
           which
           growing
           miseries
           the
           Athenians
           being
           discouraged
           ,
           after
           a
           long
           famine
           attended
           with
           a
           great
           mortality
           ,
           they
           desired
           peace
           :
           And
           a
           long
           debate
           there
           was
           amongst
           the
           Lacedemonians
           and
           their
           Associates
           ,
           
           Whether
           it
           were
           expedient
           that
           it
           should
           be
           vouchsafed
           them
           or
           not
           :
           when
           many
           were
           of
           judgement
           that
           the
           very
           name
           of
           the
           Athenians
           was
           to
           be
           extinguished
           ,
           and
           the
           City
           utterly
           to
           be
           destroyed
           with
           fire
           .
           The
           Lacedemonians
           denying
           that
           of
           the
           two
           eyes
           of
           Greece
           ,
           one
           of
           them
           was
           to
           be
           plucked
           out
           ,
           did
           promise
           peace
           unto
           them
           ,
           if
           they
           would
           pull
           down
           their
           wals
           towards
           Pyreum
           ,
           and
           surrender
           the
           ships
           unto
           them
           ,
           which
           were
           left
           ,
           and
           withal
           receive
           thirty
           of
           their
           Delegats
           to
           govern
           their
           Commonwealth
           .
           The
           City
           being
           delivered
           upon
           these
           conditions
           :
           the
           Lacedemonians
           did
           commit
           unto
           Lysander
           the
           charge
           of
           it
           .
        
         
           This
           yeer
           was
           remarkable
           for
           the
           besieging
           and
           taking
           of
           Athens
           ,
           and
           for
           the
           death
           of
           Darius
           King
           of
           the
           Persians
           ,
           and
           for
           the
           banishment
           of
           Dionysius
           the
           great
           Tyrant
           in
           Sicily
           .
           The
           State
           of
           Athens
           being
           altered
           ,
           the
           condition
           of
           the
           Citizens
           was
           changed
           with
           it
           :
           Thirty
           Rulers
           were
           set
           over
           the
           Common-wealth
           who
           became
           all
           Tyrants
           ;
           for
           at
           their
           entrance
           into
           their
           government
           ,
           they
           did
           take
           unto
           themselves
           a
           Guard
           of
           three
           hundred
           men
           ,
           there
           scarce
           remaining
           so
           many
           Citizens
           by
           reason
           of
           so
           many
           overthrows
           ;
           and
           as
           if
           this
           number
           were
           too
           little
           to
           secure
           the
           City
           ,
           it
           received
           a
           Garrison
           of
           seven
           hundred
           Souldiers
           of
           the
           Lacedemonians
           ;
           after
           this
           they
           began
           the
           
           slaughter
           of
           the
           Citizens
           with
           a
           design
           upon
           Alcibiades
           ,
           left
           he
           should
           invade
           the
           Commonwealth
           again
           with
           an
           intent
           to
           deliver
           it
           .
           When
           they
           found
           that
           he
           was
           fled
           to
           Artaxerxes
           the
           King
           of
           the
           
             Persians
             ▪
          
           they
           sent
           in
           full
           speed
           to
           intercept
           him
           in
           the
           way
           ,
           and
           having
           found
           where
           he
           was
           ,
           when
           they
           could
           not
           openly
           put
           him
           to
           death
           ,
           they
           burned
           him
           alive
           in
           the
           chamber
           where
           he
           slept
           .
           The
           Tyrants
           being
           delivered
           from
           this
           fear
           of
           their
           Revenger
           ,
           did
           fill
           the
           wretched
           Relicks
           of
           the
           City
           with
           slaughters
           and
           rapine
           ▪
           which
           cruelty
           when
           they
           found
           it
           ,
           did
           displease
           Theramenes
           ,
           who
           was
           one
           of
           their
           numbers
           ,
           they
           did
           put
           him
           to
           death
           to
           be
           a
           terror
           to
           the
           rest
           ;
           whereupon
           they
           fled
           all
           out
           of
           the
           City
           ,
           and
           Greece
           was
           filled
           with
           the
           Athenian
           exiles
           ,
           which
           being
           all
           the
           security
           they
           had
           ,
           that
           also
           was
           taken
           from
           these
           miserable
           men
           ;
           for
           by
           an
           Edict
           of
           the
           Lacedemonians
           ,
           the
           Cities
           were
           prohibited
           to
           receive
           the
           banished
           ;
           on
           this
           ,
           they
           all
           conveyed
           themselves
           to
           Argos
           and
           Thebes
           ;
           where
           they
           not
           onely
           lived
           in
           banishment
           ,
           but
           entertained
           the
           grateful
           hopes
           to
           be
           restored
           to
           their
           Countrey
           .
           Amongst
           the
           number
           of
           the
           banished
           ,
           there
           was
           one
           Thrasibulus
           ,
           a
           man
           of
           great
           vigour
           both
           in
           body
           and
           in
           minde
           ,
           and
           of
           noble
           Parentage
           ,
           who
           propounding
           to
           himself
           ,
           that
           something
           although
           with
           danger
           ought
           to
           be
           
           undertaken
           for
           the
           publick
           safety
           ,
           having
           drawn
           the
           banished
           men
           together
           ,
           he
           seized
           upon
           Phyle
           a
           Castle
           on
           the
           Borders
           of
           Athens
           ;
           neither
           was
           the
           favour
           and
           assistance
           of
           some
           other
           of
           the
           Cities
           wanting
           ,
           who
           had
           in
           compassion
           the
           extremity
           of
           their
           sad
           condition
           :
           Therefore
           Hismenias
           the
           Prince
           of
           the
           Thebans
           did
           assist
           them
           with
           private
           ,
           although
           he
           could
           not
           with
           publick
           helps
           :
           And
           Lysias
           the
           Syracusian
           Orator
           ,
           being
           also
           a
           banish'd
           man
           ,
           did
           send
           at
           his
           own
           charge
           five
           hundred
           Souldiers
           to
           assist
           them
           in
           this
           recovery
           of
           the
           Countrey
           of
           the
           common
           Eloquence
           .
           The
           encounter
           was
           sharp
           ,
           the
           Athenians
           exercising
           all
           their
           courage
           for
           the
           recovery
           of
           their
           own
           Countrey
           ,
           and
           the
           Lacedemonians
           fighting
           more
           securely
           for
           the
           possessions
           which
           belong'd
           to
           others
           ;
           the
           Tyrants
           at
           last
           were
           overcome
           ,
           who
           flying
           into
           the
           City
           ,
           having
           in
           revenge
           filled
           it
           with
           slaughter
           ,
           they
           did
           also
           dispoil
           it
           of
           Arms
           ;
           and
           suspecting
           all
           the
           Athenians
           to
           be
           guilty
           of
           treachery
           ,
           they
           commanded
           them
           to
           depart
           out
           of
           the
           City
           ,
           and
           to
           live
           in
           the
           ruines
           of
           the
           Suburbs
           which
           were
           pulled
           down
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           they
           defended
           themselves
           with
           forraign
           Souldiers
           .
           After
           this
           ,
           they
           attempted
           to
           corrupt
           Thrasibulus
           ,
           and
           to
           promise
           him
           a
           share
           in
           the
           Goverment
           ,
           which
           he
           refusing
           to
           accept
           ,
           they
           desired
           ayd
           of
           the
           Lacedemonians
           
           which
           being
           sent
           unto
           them
           ,
           they
           renewed
           the
           encounter
           ,
           in
           which
           Critius
           and
           Hippomachus
           two
           of
           the
           most
           cruel
           of
           all
           the
           Tyrants
           were
           killed
           ;
           the
           others
           being
           overcome
           ,
           when
           their
           Army
           (
           which
           for
           the
           greatest
           part
           consisted
           of
           the
           Athenians
           )
           did
           flie
           away
           ,
           Thrasibulus
           with
           a
           loud
           voice
           did
           cry
           out
           unto
           them
           ,
           and
           demanded
           ,
           What
           made
           them
           to
           fly
           from
           the
           Conqueror
           ,
           whom
           they
           ought
           rather
           to
           assist
           as
           the
           Desendor
           of
           their
           common
           liberty
           ?
           He
           told
           them
           that
           his
           Army
           was
           composed
           of
           their
           own
           Citizens
           and
           not
           of
           Enemies
           ;
           neither
           did
           he
           take
           up
           Arms
           to
           force
           any
           thing
           from
           them
           ,
           but
           to
           restore
           unto
           them
           what
           they
           had
           lost
           ;
           he
           made
           war
           ,
           he
           said
           ,
           on
           the
           thirty
           Tyrants
           ,
           and
           not
           on
           the
           City
           of
           Athens
           ;
           he
           did
           admonish
           them
           that
           they
           were
           all
           of
           one
           blood
           ,
           of
           one
           Law
           ,
           of
           one
           Religion
           ,
           and
           of
           one
           Militia
           through
           the
           course
           of
           so
           many
           wars
           :
           He
           did
           implore
           them
           to
           have
           compassion
           on
           their
           banished
           Citizens
           ;
           and
           though
           they
           themselves
           would
           be
           patient
           slaves
           ,
           yet
           they
           should
           restore
           their
           Countrey
           unto
           them
           ,
           that
           they
           might
           receive
           their
           liberty
           .
           With
           these
           words
           he
           so
           prevailed
           upon
           them
           ,
           that
           the
           Army
           being
           return'd
           into
           the
           City
           ,
           they
           commanded
           the
           Tyrants
           to
           remove
           to
           Eleusina
           ,
           ten
           being
           substituted
           who
           should
           govern
           the
           Common-wealth
           ,
           who
           being
           nothing
           terrified
           with
           the
           
           example
           of
           the
           former
           Tyrants
           ,
           did
           tread
           in
           the
           same
           paths
           of
           cruelty
           .
        
         
           Whiles
           these
           things
           were
           thus
           mannaged
           at
           Athens
           ,
           it
           was
           enformed
           at
           Lacedemon
           ,
           that
           the
           Athenians
           had
           taken
           Arms
           again
           ;
           whereupon
           Pausanias
           their
           King
           was
           sent
           to
           suppress
           them
           ,
           who
           being
           touched
           with
           compassion
           ,
           did
           restore
           the
           banish'd
           Citizens
           to
           their
           City
           ,
           and
           commanded
           the
           ten
           Tyrants
           to
           abandon
           the
           City
           ,
           and
           to
           go
           to
           their
           companions
           to
           Eleusina
           .
           Peace
           being
           made
           ,
           not
           many
           dayes
           after
           ,
           the
           Tyrants
           on
           a
           sudden
           ,
           resenting
           with
           indignation
           ,
           that
           the
           banished
           were
           restored
           ,
           and
           that
           they
           were
           condemned
           to
           banishment
           ,
           as
           if
           the
           liberty
           of
           the
           Citizens
           were
           their
           slavery
           ,
           they
           did
           make
           a
           new
           war
           upon
           the
           Athenians
           :
           But
           a
           Treaty
           being
           had
           ,
           as
           if
           they
           were
           to
           receive
           again
           their
           Domination
           (
           being
           in
           the
           way
           by
           policy
           intercepted
           )
           they
           were
           all
           put
           to
           death
           ,
           and
           made
           the
           sacrifices
           of
           the
           publick
           peace
           .
           The
           people
           whom
           before
           they
           commanded
           to
           live
           about
           the
           ruines
           of
           the
           remotest
           walls
           ,
           were
           called
           back
           into
           the
           City
           ;
           and
           the
           City
           dispersed
           into
           many
           members
           ,
           was
           reduced
           again
           into
           one
           body
           ;
           and
           that
           no
           dissention
           should
           arise
           concerning
           any
           thing
           committed
           in
           the
           time
           of
           war
           ,
           they
           all
           did
           oblige
           themselves
           by
           oath
           ,
           that
           there
           should
           be
           an
           oblivion
           of
           all
           dissentions
           .
           In
           the
           mean
           
           time
           ,
           the
           Thebans
           and
           Corinthians
           did
           send
           Ambassadors
           to
           Sparta
           ,
           to
           demand
           their
           proportion
           in
           the
           spoils
           of
           the
           common
           war
           and
           danger
           ,
           which
           being
           denyed
           ,
           they
           did
           not
           openly
           declare
           a
           war
           against
           the
           Lacedemonians
           ,
           but
           with
           silence
           did
           conceive
           so
           great
           an
           indignation
           ,
           that
           all
           might
           understand
           that
           a
           war
           was
           designed
           .
           Much
           about
           that
           time
           ,
           Darius
           the
           King
           of
           the
           Persians
           dyed
           ,
           leaving
           behind
           him
           two
           sons
           ,
           Artaxerxes
           and
           Cyrus
           .
           His
           Kingdom
           he
           bequeathed
           to
           Artaxerxes
           ,
           and
           to
           Cyrus
           the
           Cities
           of
           which
           he
           was
           before
           Lieutenant
           :
           This
           Legacy
           of
           the
           Father
           ,
           did
           seem
           to
           Cyrus
           to
           be
           unequal
           ;
           he
           therefore
           privily
           prepared
           war
           against
           his
           brother
           ,
           which
           when
           it
           was
           told
           to
           Artaxerxes
           ,
           he
           sent
           for
           his
           brother
           ,
           who
           pretending
           innocency
           ,
           did
           come
           unto
           him
           ,
           and
           was
           by
           him
           bound
           with
           chains
           of
           gold
           ,
           and
           had
           been
           put
           to
           death
           ,
           if
           his
           mother
           had
           not
           commanded
           him
           to
           the
           contrary
           ▪
           Cyrus
           being
           dismissed
           ,
           did
           now
           begin
           to
           make
           war
           against
           his
           brother
           ,
           not
           covertly
           ,
           but
           openly
           ;
           not
           dissembl●ngly
           ,
           but
           professedly
           ,
           and
           from
           all
           places
           did
           draw
           Auxiliaries
           to
           him
           .
           The
           Lacedemonians
           being
           mindful
           of
           the
           assistance
           he
           sent
           them
           in
           their
           war
           against
           the
           Athenians
           ,
           did
           decree
           to
           send
           help
           upon
           him
           ,
           but
           in
           such
           a
           way
           as
           if
           they
           did
           not
           take
           notice
           
           against
           whom
           the
           war
           was
           made
           ,
           that
           if
           the
           occasion
           so
           required
           ,
           they
           might
           procure
           unto
           themselves
           the
           favour
           of
           Cyrus
           :
           and
           if
           Artaxerxes
           had
           overcome
           ,
           they
           might
           hope
           for
           his
           Patronage
           and
           his
           pardon
           ,
           because
           they
           determined
           nothing
           openly
           against
           him
           .
           But
           in
           the
           encounter
           ,
           the
           chance
           of
           the
           fight
           having
           brought
           both
           brothers
           directly
           opposite
           one
           against
           another
           ,
           Artaxerxes
           was
           first
           wounded
           by
           his
           brother
           ,
           but
           was
           delivered
           from
           further
           danger
           by
           the
           swiftness
           of
           his
           horse
           ;
           Cyrus
           being
           overpowred
           by
           the
           King's
           Life
           ▪
           guard
           was
           slain
           out-right
           .
           Artaxerxes
           being
           Conqueror
           ,
           enjoyed
           the
           Army
           and
           the
           spoils
           of
           his
           brothers
           war.
           In
           that
           battel
           Cyrus
           had
           ten
           thousand
           Greeks
           that
           came
           to
           his
           assistance
           ,
           who
           in
           that
           part
           of
           the
           field
           where
           they
           stood
           did
           overcome
           ,
           and
           after
           the
           death
           of
           Cyrus
           ,
           could
           neither
           be
           conquered
           by
           the
           power
           of
           so
           great
           an
           Army
           ,
           nor
           yet
           taken
           by
           treachery
           ,
           but
           returning
           in
           so
           great
           a
           march
           through
           so
           many
           unconquered
           Nations
           and
           barbarous
           people
           ,
           they
           with
           their
           valour
           did
           secure
           themselves
           ,
           even
           unto
           the
           confines
           of
           their
           own
           Countrey
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           SIXTH
           BOOK
           OF
           IVSTINE
           .
        
         
           THe
           Lacedemonians
           after
           the
           common
           condition
           of
           men
           ,
           who
           the
           more
           they
           have
           ,
           the
           more
           they
           do
           desire
           ,
           being
           not
           content
           that
           their
           strength
           was
           doubled
           by
           the
           access
           of
           the
           Athenian
           power
           ,
           did
           begin
           to
           affect
           the
           Government
           of
           all
           Asia
           ;
           The
           greatest
           part
           whereof
           being
           under
           the
           command
           of
           the
           King
           of
           the
           
             Persians
             ,
             Dercillides
          
           who
           was
           chosen
           general
           for
           that
           war
           ,
           when
           he
           found
           that
           he
           was
           to
           fight
           against
           two
           of
           the
           
           Lieutenants
           of
           
             Artaxerxes
             ,
             Pharnabasus
          
           and
           Tissafernes
           ,
           who
           were
           attended
           with
           the
           powers
           of
           formidable
           Nations
           ,
           he
           resolved
           to
           make
           a
           peace
           with
           one
           of
           them
           .
           Tissafernes
           seemed
           most
           fit
           for
           his
           design
           ,
           being
           more
           remarkable
           for
           his
           industry
           ,
           and
           more
           powerful
           by
           the
           Souldiers
           of
           the
           late
           King
           Cyrus
           ,
           who
           being
           treated
           with
           ,
           and
           conditions
           being
           agreed
           upon
           betwixt
           them
           ,
           he
           was
           dismissed
           ;
           whereupon
           he
           was
           accused
           by
           Pharnabasus
           before
           the
           King
           ,
           that
           he
           repulsed
           not
           the
           Lacedemonians
           who
           had
           invaded
           Asia
           ,
           but
           maintained
           them
           at
           the
           King's
           charge
           ,
           and
           contracted
           with
           them
           to
           delay
           the
           wars
           ,
           as
           if
           all
           the
           loss
           of
           the
           Empire
           should
           not
           be
           put
           upon
           one
           score
           .
           He
           alledged
           it
           to
           be
           an
           unworthy
           thing
           ,
           that
           the
           war
           should
           be
           bought
           ,
           and
           not
           carried
           on
           with
           resolution
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           Enemy
           should
           be
           removed
           with
           money
           and
           not
           with
           Arms
           :
           Tissafernes
           being
           estranged
           from
           the
           King
           by
           these
           complaints
           :
           Pharnabasus
           did
           perswade
           him
           ,
           for
           the
           mannaging
           of
           the
           wars
           at
           Sea
           ,
           to
           make
           Conon
           the
           Athenian
           Admiral
           in
           his
           place
           ,
           who
           ,
           his
           Countrey
           being
           lost
           by
           war
           ,
           did
           led
           a
           banished
           life
           in
           Cyprus
           ;
           for
           the
           Athenians
           ,
           although
           they
           were
           broken
           in
           their
           fortunes
           ,
           had
           yet
           some
           strength
           at
           Sea
           ;
           and
           if
           one
           were
           to
           be
           chosen
           ,
           he
           alledged
           that
           they
           could
           not
           finde
           amongst
           them
           an
           abler
           man.
           Having
           
           received
           five
           hundred
           talents
           ,
           he
           was
           commanded
           to
           make
           Conon
           Admiral
           of
           the
           Fleet
           :
           This
           being
           known
           at
           Lacedemon
           ,
           they
           by
           their
           Ambassadors
           did
           desire
           ayd
           of
           Hercimon
           King
           of
           Aegypt
           for
           the
           carrying
           on
           of
           the
           war
           at
           Sea
           ,
           who
           sent
           them
           one
           hundred
           ships
           ,
           and
           six
           hundred
           thousand
           measures
           of
           corn
           ;
           and
           very
           great
           ayd
           was
           also
           sent
           unto
           them
           from
           the
           rest
           of
           their
           Associates
           :
           But
           a
           worthy
           Commander
           was
           wanting
           to
           so
           great
           an
           Army
           ,
           and
           against
           so
           great
           a
           Captain
           ;
           Therefore
           their
           Associates
           desiring
           Agesilaus
           King
           of
           the
           Lacedemonians
           to
           lead
           forth
           their
           Armies
           ,
           it
           was
           a
           long
           time
           debated
           whether
           they
           should
           make
           him
           their
           General
           or
           no
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           answer
           of
           the
           Oracle
           of
           Delphos
           ,
           which
           denounced
           a
           period
           to
           their
           Government
           when
           the
           royal
           Command
           halted
           ;
           for
           Agesilaus
           was
           lame
           of
           his
           feet
           ;
           but
           at
           last
           ,
           resolving
           that
           it
           were
           safer
           that
           the
           King
           ▪
           then
           Kingdom
           should
           halt
           ,
           they
           sent
           Agesilaus
           with
           a
           form●dable
           Army
           into
           Asia
           :
           Two
           such
           Captains
           as
           these
           to
           command
           in
           this
           war
           could
           not
           easily
           be
           matched
           again
           ;
           for
           they
           were
           equal
           in
           age
           ,
           valour
           ,
           counsel
           ,
           providence
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           glory
           of
           their
           atchievements
           :
           and
           when
           fortune
           gave
           them
           a
           parity
           in
           all
           things
           ,
           yet
           she
           preserved
           them
           unconquered
           by
           one
           another
           .
           Great
           was
           the
           preparation
           of
           both
           for
           the
           war
           ,
           great
           were
           
           the
           acts
           which
           they
           performed
           :
           But
           a
           sedition
           of
           the
           Souldiers
           (
           whom
           the
           former
           Lieutenants
           of
           the
           King
           had
           defrauded
           of
           their
           pay
           )
           disturbed
           Conon
           ;
           the
           Souldiers
           demanding
           their
           Arrears
           the
           more
           roundly
           ,
           because
           knowing
           their
           duties
           in
           the
           war
           should
           be
           the
           harder
           under
           so
           great
           a
           Captain
           ,
           Conon
           having
           a
           long
           time
           wearyed
           the
           King
           in
           vain
           with
           Letters
           ,
           did
           at
           the
           last
           repair
           in
           his
           own
           person
           to
           him
           ;
           but
           being
           denyed
           either
           to
           see
           him
           or
           to
           speak
           with
           him
           ,
           because
           he
           would
           not
           prostrate
           himself
           unto
           him
           after
           the
           custom
           of
           the
           Persians
           ,
           he
           treated
           with
           him
           by
           Messengers
           ,
           and
           complained
           that
           the
           wars
           of
           the
           most
           mighty
           King
           did
           suffer
           through
           indigence
           ,
           and
           having
           an
           Army
           equal
           to
           the
           Enemies
           ,
           he
           was
           overcome
           by
           the
           want
           of
           money
           ,
           in
           which
           he
           did
           exceed
           them
           ,
           and
           was
           found
           inferiour
           in
           that
           part
           of
           strength
           in
           which
           he
           was
           far
           superiour
           .
           He
           desired
           that
           the
           moneys
           for
           the
           war
           might
           be
           trusted
           into
           his
           hand
           ,
           it
           being
           dangerous
           that
           it
           should
           be
           committed
           unto
           many
           :
           The
           moneys
           being
           received
           ,
           he
           returned
           to
           the
           Navie
           ,
           and
           made
           no
           delay
           in
           the
           prosecution
           of
           the
           war.
           He
           acted
           many
           things
           valiantly
           ,
           and
           many
           things
           happily
           ;
           he
           plundred
           the
           Fields
           ,
           he
           sacked
           the
           Cities
           of
           his
           Enemies
           ,
           and
           as
           a
           Tempest
           ,
           did
           beat
           down
           all
           before
           him
           .
           With
           which
           proceedings
           ,
           the
           Lacedemonians
           
           being
           affrighted
           ,
           did
           determine
           to
           call
           back
           Agesilaus
           out
           of
           Asia
           for
           the
           defence
           of
           his
           own
           Countrey
           .
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           ,
           Lysander
           being
           left
           by
           Agesilaus
           to
           command
           the
           Forces
           at
           home
           in
           his
           absence
           ,
           being
           resolved
           to
           try
           the
           fortune
           of
           the
           war
           by
           battel
           ,
           did
           with
           great
           care
           and
           industry
           provide
           a
           mighty
           Navie
           ,
           and
           Conon
           being
           ready
           to
           joyn
           in
           battel
           with
           the
           Enemy
           ,
           did
           with
           great
           judgement
           assign
           unto
           every
           ship
           its
           station
           ,
           and
           the
           emulation
           of
           the
           Souldiers
           was
           no
           less
           then
           of
           the
           Captains
           ;
           for
           Conon
           the
           Admiral
           did
           not
           so
           much
           labour
           for
           the
           Persians
           as
           for
           his
           Countrey
           ,
           and
           in
           their
           afflicted
           estate
           ,
           as
           he
           was
           heretofore
           the
           Author
           of
           their
           loss
           ,
           so
           he
           would
           now
           be
           the
           author
           of
           their
           power
           restored
           ,
           and
           receive
           that
           Countrey
           by
           conquering
           ,
           which
           he
           had
           lost
           by
           being
           conquered
           ,
           which
           would
           be
           so
           much
           the
           more
           glorious
           ,
           that
           he
           fought
           not
           with
           the
           forces
           of
           the
           Athenians
           ,
           but
           of
           another
           Nation
           ,
           and
           fighting
           at
           the
           charge
           and
           danger
           of
           the
           King
           of
           
             Persia
             ▪
          
           he
           should
           overcome
           for
           the
           advantage
           of
           his
           own
           Countrey
           ,
           and
           gain
           true
           renown
           by
           other
           arts
           then
           the
           former
           Generals
           of
           Athens
           had
           purchased
           ;
           for
           they
           defended
           their
           Countrey
           by
           overcoming
           the
           Persians
           ,
           he
           by
           making
           the
           Persians
           Conquerors
           ,
           should
           restore
           his
           Countrey
           being
           lost
           .
           On
           the
           other
           side
           ,
           Lysander
           besides
           his
           
           conjunction
           with
           Agesilaus
           ,
           was
           also
           an
           emulator
           of
           his
           vertues
           ,
           and
           did
           contend
           that
           he
           might
           not
           fall
           shore
           of
           him
           in
           his
           acchievements
           &
           the
           splendor
           of
           his
           glory
           ,
           and
           not
           in
           the
           moment
           of
           an
           hour
           by
           his
           over-sight
           subvert
           the
           State
           ,
           gain'd
           by
           so
           many
           battels
           ,
           and
           continued
           for
           so
           many
           Ages
           .
           The
           same
           was
           the
           care
           of
           the
           Souldiers
           ,
           and
           of
           all
           the
           Commanders
           ,
           whom
           a
           deeper
           impression
           did
           possess
           ,
           not
           so
           much
           that
           they
           should
           onely
           lose
           the
           great
           riches
           they
           had
           obtained
           ,
           as
           that
           the
           Athenians
           should
           again
           recover
           it
           of
           them
           :
           But
           by
           how
           much
           the
           fight
           was
           the
           more
           perillous
           ,
           the
           Victory
           of
           Conon
           was
           by
           so
           much
           more
           glorious
           .
           The
           Lacedemonians
           being
           overcome
           ;
           The
           Garrisons
           of
           the
           Enemies
           were
           drawn
           away
           from
           Athens
           ,
           and
           the
           people
           restored
           to
           their
           ancient
           dignity
           ,
           were
           delivered
           from
           their
           bondage
           ,
           and
           many
           Cities
           were
           reduced
           :
           This
           was
           the
           beginning
           to
           the
           Athenians
           of
           reassuming
           their
           power
           ,
           and
           to
           the
           Lacedemonians
           of
           ending
           theirs
           ,
           who
           as
           o●
           they
           had
           lost
           their
           valour
           with
           their
           Dominions
           ,
           did
           begin
           to
           be
           despised
           by
           their
           next
           neighbours
           :
           First
           of
           all
           the
           Thebans
           ,
           the
           Athenians
           helping
           them
           ,
           did
           make
           war
           upon
           them
           ,
           which
           City
           out
           of
           the
           infinite
           advantages
           by
           the
           vertue
           of
           their
           General
           Epaminondas
           ,
           was
           raised
           up
           to
           be
           the
           Commandress
           of
           all
           Greece
           :
           The
           fight
           was
           by
           Land
           in
           which
           the
           fortune
           of
           the
           Lacedemonians
           
           was
           the
           same
           ,
           as
           it
           was
           against
           Conon
           at
           Sea
           :
           In
           that
           battel
           Lysander
           was
           slain
           ,
           who
           was
           General
           before
           against
           the
           Athenians
           when
           they
           were
           overcome
           by
           the
           
             Lacedemonians
             :
             Pausanias
          
           also
           ,
           another
           Captain
           of
           the
           Lacedemonians
           ,
           being
           accused
           of
           treachery
           ,
           did
           betake
           himself
           to
           banishment
           .
           The
           Thebans
           having
           obtained
           the
           Victory
           ,
           did
           advance
           with
           all
           their
           Army
           to
           the
           City
           of
           the
           Lacedemonians
           ,
           thinking
           suddenly
           to
           become
           masters
           of
           it
           ,
           because
           they
           were
           abandoned
           of
           all
           their
           Associates
           :
           Which
           the
           Lacedemonians
           fearing
           ,
           they
           sent
           for
           Agesilaus
           their
           King
           out
           of
           Asia
           ,
           who
           did
           there
           gallant
           service
           for
           the
           defence
           of
           his
           own
           Countrey
           ;
           for
           Lysander
           being
           slain
           ,
           they
           had
           confidence
           in
           no
           other
           Commander
           ;
           and
           because
           it
           was
           long
           before
           he
           came
           ,
           with
           an
           Army
           suddenly
           mustred
           ,
           they
           adventred
           of
           themselves
           to
           fight
           with
           their
           Enemies
           ;
           but
           being
           conquered
           not
           long
           before
           ,
           they
           had
           neither
           strength
           nor
           courage
           to
           oppose
           their
           Conquerors
           ;
           therefore
           at
           their
           first
           encoun●er
           they
           were
           overthrown
           ▪
           but
           Agesilaus
           came
           opportunely
           to
           their
           rescue
           ;
           and
           the
           fight
           being
           renewed
           ,
           he
           with
           his
           fresh
           Souldiers
           being
           all
           hardned
           to
           the
           services
           of
           the
           war
           ,
           did
           with
           an
           easie
           violence
           pluck
           the
           Victory
           from
           his
           Enemies
           ;
           but
           he
           received
           a
           dangerous
           wound
           himself
           ;
           which
           being
           understood
           ,
           the
           Athenians
           fearing
           least
           the
           Lacedemonians
           
           being
           Conquerors
           ,
           they
           should
           be
           reduced
           into
           their
           ancient
           condition
           of
           servitude
           ,
           did
           leavie
           a
           new
           Army
           ,
           and
           sent
           it
           to
           the
           ayd
           of
           the
           Boeotians
           under
           the
           command
           of
           Iphicrates
           ,
           a
           gentleman
           of
           not
           above
           twenty
           yeers
           of
           age
           ,
           but
           of
           a
           vast
           expectation
           :
           The
           vertue
           of
           this
           young
           man
           was
           admirable
           ,
           for
           amongst
           so
           many
           ,
           and
           so
           great
           Captains
           ,
           the
           Athenians
           had
           never
           any
           General
           before
           ,
           of
           greater
           hope
           or
           forwardness
           ,
           in
           whom
           there
           were
           not
           onely
           all
           the
           Arts
           belonging
           to
           a
           Commander
           ,
           but
           to
           an
           Orator
           also
           .
           Conon
           having
           understood
           of
           the
           return
           of
           Agesilaus
           ,
           did
           draw
           back
           out
           of
           Asia
           to
           spoyl
           the
           C●untrey
           of
           the
           Lacedemonians
           ,
           who
           ,
           the
           fear
           of
           the
           war
           growing
           round
           about
           them
           ,
           were
           brought
           almost
           to
           the
           bottom
           of
           despair
           ,
           having
           plundred
           the
           Countrey
           of
           his
           Enemies
           ,
           he
           marched
           to
           Athens
           ,
           where
           he
           was
           entertained
           with
           great
           joy
           of
           all
           the
           Citizens
           ,
           but
           he
           himself
           was
           more
           possessed
           with
           grief
           to
           behold
           the
           City
           burned
           and
           pulled
           down
           by
           the
           Lacedemonians
           ,
           then
           he
           was
           with
           joy
           to
           see
           it
           restored
           to
           its
           freedom
           :
           Therefore
           what
           places
           were
           burned
           he
           repaired
           ,
           and
           what
           places
           were
           pull'd
           down
           he
           re-edified
           out
           of
           the
           profit
           of
           the
           booty
           ,
           &
           of
           the
           Army
           of
           the
           Persians
           :
           This
           was
           the
           fate
           of
           Athens
           ,
           that
           being
           before
           burned
           by
           the
           Persians
           ,
           it
           was
           builded
           up
           again
           with
           their
           spoyls
           ,
           and
           being
           now
           destroyed
           by
           the
           Lacedemonians
           ,
           it
           was
           
           ●estored
           again
           with
           the
           treasure
           that
           was
           taken
           from
           them
           ,
           and
           the
           condition
           of
           the
           war
           be●ng
           changed
           ,
           they
           had
           now
           those
           for
           their
           Associates
           ,
           who
           were
           then
           their
           Enemies
           ;
           and
           they
           were
           now
           their
           Enemies
           to
           whom
           they
           were
           then
           united
           in
           the
           neerest
           bonds
           of
           society
           .
           Whiles
           these
           things
           were
           thus
           mannaged
           ,
           Artaxerxes
           King
           of
           the
           Persians
           sent
           Ambassadors
           into
           Greece
           ,
           by
           whom
           he
           commanded
           all
           to
           lay
           down
           their
           Arms
           ,
           and
           whosoever
           should
           refuse
           so
           to
           do
           ,
           he
           would
           esteem
           him
           for
           an
           Enemy
           .
           He
           restored
           liberty
           and
           all
           that
           belonged
           to
           them
           to
           the
           Cities
           ,
           which
           he
           did
           not
           thereby
           to
           give
           redress
           to
           the
           labours
           and
           the
           wars
           of
           Greece
           ,
           occasioned
           by
           the
           growing
           hatred
           of
           the
           Citizens
           ,
           but
           that
           he
           himself
           being
           wholly
           imployed
           in
           the
           Aegyptian
           war
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           ayd
           which
           they
           sent
           the
           Lacedemonians
           against
           his
           Lieutenants
           ,
           his
           Armies
           should
           not
           be
           detained
           in
           Greece
           :
           The
           Grecians
           being
           wearyed
           with
           many
           wars
           ,
           did
           e●dily
           obey
           him
           .
        
         
           This
           yeer
           was
           remarkable
           ,
           not
           onely
           that
           a
           sudden
           Peace
           was
           made
           over
           all
           Greece
           ,
           but
           that
           at
           the
           same
           time
           also
           the
           City
           of
           Rome
           was
           taken
           by
           the
           Galls
           .
           But
           the
           Lacedemonians
           being
           secure
           ,
           and
           having
           treacherously
           observed
           the
           absence
           of
           the
           Arcadians
           ,
           did
           lay
           a
           vigorous
           siege
           unto
           their
           Castle
           ,
           and
           having
           taken
           it
           ,
           they
           did
           put
           a
           Garrison
           into
           it
           .
           
           The
           Arcadians
           therefore
           with
           a
           prepared
           Army
           ,
           taking
           the
           Thebans
           unto
           their
           ayd
           ,
           were
           resolved
           to
           regain
           what
           they
           lost
           by
           war
           :
           In
           the
           fight
           ,
           Archidamus
           the
           General
           of
           the
           Lacedemonians
           was
           wounded
           ,
           who
           when
           he
           beheld
           the
           destruction
           of
           his
           men
           ,
           demanded
           by
           a
           Herald
           the
           bodies
           of
           the
           dead
           to
           give
           them
           burial
           :
           For
           amongst
           the
           Grecians
           ,
           this
           was
           a
           sign
           of
           a
           victory
           acknowledged
           ;
           with
           which
           confession
           the
           Thebans
           being
           contented
           ,
           they
           sounded
           a
           retreat
           .
           Some
           few
           daies
           after
           ,
           neither
           of
           them
           exercising
           hostility
           against
           each
           other
           ,
           when
           as
           it
           were
           by
           a
           silent
           consent
           ,
           there
           was
           a
           truce
           ,
           the
           Lacedemonians
           being
           engaged
           in
           another
           war
           ,
           the
           Thebans
           under
           the
           command
           of
           Epaminondis
           ,
           entertained
           a
           sudden
           hope
           to
           become
           masters
           of
           their
           Citie
           ;
           therefore
           in
           the
           beginning
           of
           the
           night
           ,
           in
           a
           silent
           match
           ,
           they
           did
           advance
           to
           Lacedemon
           ;
           but
           they
           could
           not
           take
           the
           Citizens
           unprepared
           ;
           for
           the
           old
           men
           and
           the
           weaker
           youth
           ,
           the
           approach
           of
           their
           Enemies
           being
           discovered
           ,
           did
           meet
           them
           in
           Arms
           at
           their
           very
           entrance
           into
           their
           Gates
           ,
           and
           not
           above
           one
           hundred
           men
           ,
           and
           disabled
           too
           by
           their
           age
           ,
           did
           enter
           into
           a
           fight
           against
           fifteen
           thousand
           Souldiers
           ;
           so
           much
           strength
           and
           courage
           the
           sight
           of
           their
           City
           ,
           and
           of
           their
           houshold
           gods
           did
           administer
           ,
           who
           infused
           into
           them
           greater
           spirits
           ,
           as
           much
           by
           their
           presence
           as
           
           by
           the
           remembrance
           of
           them
           ;
           for
           when
           they
           saw
           for
           whom
           ,
           and
           amongst
           whom
           they
           stood
           ,
           they
           were
           all
           of
           a
           resolution
           either
           to
           overcome
           or
           die
           ;
           a
           few
           old
           men
           undertook
           the
           whole
           brunt
           of
           the
           battel
           ,
           unto
           whom
           (
           before
           that
           day
           appeared
           )
           not
           all
           the
           youth
           and
           Army
           of
           their
           Enemies
           could
           be
           equal
           :
           In
           this
           fight
           ,
           two
           Captains
           of
           the
           Enemies
           were
           slain
           .
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           ,
           when
           the
           coming
           of
           Agesilaus
           was
           reported
           ,
           the
           Thebans
           retreated
           ,
           and
           some
           few
           hours
           after
           the
           battail
           again
           began
           ;
           for
           the
           youth
           of
           the
           Lacedemonians
           being
           inflamed
           with
           the
           courage
           and
           glory
           of
           their
           old
           men
           ,
           could
           not
           be
           kept
           back
           ,
           but
           would
           throw
           themselves
           upon
           their
           Enemies
           ;
           howsoever
           the
           Thebans
           had
           the
           Victory
           ,
           and
           Epaminondas
           performing
           the
           duty
           not
           onely
           of
           a
           General
           ,
           but
           of
           a
           resolute
           and
           couragious
           Souldier
           ,
           was
           grievously
           wounded
           ,
           which
           being
           understood
           ,
           the
           Thebans
           through
           the
           excess
           of
           grief
           were
           possessed
           with
           fear
           ;
           and
           the
           Lacedemonians
           through
           the
           excess
           of
           joy
           with
           a
           kind
           of
           amazement
           ,
           and
           as
           it
           were
           with
           a
           consent
           on
           both
           sides
           ,
           they
           departed
           from
           the
           bat●el
           .
           Some
           few
           daies
           afterwards
           ,
           Epaminondas
           deceased
           ,
           with
           whom
           the
           whole
           strength
           of
           that
           Common-wealth
           dyed
           also
           ;
           for
           as
           if
           you
           break
           or
           blunt
           the
           edge
           of
           
           any
           weapon
           ,
           you
           take
           from
           the
           residue
           of
           the
           steel
           the
           power
           to
           hurt
           ;
           so
           this
           Captain
           who
           was
           the
           edge
           of
           their
           courage
           being
           taken
           away
           ,
           the
           whole
           strength
           and
           vigor
           of
           that
           Theban
           Commonwealth
           was
           immediately
           rebated
           ;
           insomuch
           that
           they
           did
           not
           seem
           onely
           to
           lose
           him
           ,
           but
           to
           have
           all
           perished
           with
           him
           ;
           for
           before
           this
           Captain
           ,
           they
           did
           never
           mannage
           any
           memorable
           war
           ,
           and
           were
           famous
           afterwards
           ,
           not
           for
           their
           vertues
           ,
           but
           their
           overthrows
           ;
           so
           apparent
           it
           was
           that
           the
           glory
           of
           his
           Countrey
           was
           born
           and
           dyed
           with
           him
           .
           It
           is
           hard
           to
           say
           ,
           whether
           he
           was
           a
           better
           man
           or
           a
           better
           Captain
           ;
           for
           he
           sought
           the
           Government
           not
           for
           himself
           ,
           but
           for
           his
           Countrey
           ,
           and
           was
           so
           careless
           of
           money
           ,
           that
           he
           had
           not
           wherewith
           to
           defray
           the
           charges
           of
           his
           own
           Funeral
           ;
           moreover
           ,
           he
           was
           no
           more
           covetous
           of
           glory
           then
           of
           money
           ;
           for
           the
           Commands
           were
           all
           thrown
           upon
           him
           ,
           refusing
           and
           drawing
           back
           from
           them
           ;
           and
           he
           so
           deported
           himself
           in
           his
           places
           of
           honour
           ,
           that
           hee
           seemed
           not
           to
           receive
           ,
           but
           to
           give
           an
           ornament
           to
           the
           dignity
           it self
           ;
           So
           great
           was
           his
           knowledge
           in
           Letters
           and
           Philosophy
           ,
           that
           it
           may
           be
           wonderful
           how
           that
           excellent
           experience
           in
           the
           affairs
           of
           war
           should
           arrive
           unto
           a
           man
           born
           amongst
           
           the
           Arts
           ;
           neither
           did
           the
           manner
           of
           his
           death
           differ
           from
           the
           institutions
           of
           his
           life
           ;
           for
           being
           brought
           half
           dead
           into
           his
           Tent
           ,
           he
           collecting
           his
           voyce
           and
           spirits
           ,
           demanded
           onely
           if
           his
           Enemy
           had
           taken
           his
           Buckler
           from
           him
           when
           he
           fell
           ,
           which
           when
           hee
           understood
           was
           preserved
           ,
           he
           desired
           to
           see
           it
           ,
           and
           it
           being
           brought
           unto
           him
           ,
           he
           kissed
           it
           as
           the
           companion
           of
           his
           labours
           and
           his
           glory
           .
           Hee
           again
           demanded
           ,
           Who
           had
           obtained
           the
           Victory
           ?
           when
           it
           was
           answered
           ,
           The
           Thebans
           ;
           he
           replyed
           ,
           It
           was
           well
           ;
           and
           so
           gratulating
           his
           Countrey
           ,
           he
           did
           give
           up
           his
           last
           breath
           .
           In
           his
           grave
           the
           vertues
           not
           onely
           of
           the
           Thebans
           ,
           but
           of
           the
           Athenians
           also
           was
           buried
           ;
           for
           he
           being
           taken
           away
           ,
           whom
           they
           were
           accustomed
           to
           emulate
           ,
           they
           did
           degenerate
           into
           sloth
           ,
           and
           laid
           forth
           the
           publick
           Revenues
           ,
           not
           as
           before
           ,
           on
           Fleets
           and
           Armies
           ,
           but
           on
           festival
           dayes
           ,
           and
           on
           the
           setting
           forth
           of
           Playes
           ,
           and
           visiting
           the
           Scene
           oftner
           then
           the
           Camp
           ;
           they
           onely
           celebrated
           the
           Theators
           ,
           famous
           with
           Poets
           and
           Actors
           ,
           praysing
           their
           Poets
           and
           their
           Orators
           more
           then
           their
           Captans
           ;
           by
           which
           means
           it
           came
           to
           pass
           that
           in
           these
           leisures
           of
           the
           Grecians
           ,
           the
           name
           of
           the
           Macedons
           ,
           but
           
           ignoble
           and
           obscure
           before
           ,
           should
           rise
           into
           glory
           ;
           and
           that
           Philip
           bred
           up
           in
           the
           vertues
           and
           institutions
           of
           Epaminondas
           and
           Pelopidas
           (
           being
           three
           yeers
           as
           an
           Hostage
           at
           Thebes
           )
           should
           put
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Macedonia
           on
           the
           necks
           of
           Greece
           and
           of
           Asia
           as
           the
           yoak
           of
           their
           servitude
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           SEVENTH
           BOOK
           OF
           IVSTINE
           .
        
         
           MAcedonia
           was
           heretofore
           called
           Aemathia
           ,
           after
           the
           name
           of
           their
           King
           Emathion
           ,
           the
           first
           experiments
           of
           whose
           vertue
           were
           extant
           in
           those
           places
           .
           Their
           beginnings
           were
           but
           small
           ,
           and
           their
           b●unds
           but
           narrow
           ;
           the
           people
           were
           called
           Pelasgi
           ,
           and
           the
           Country
           Boeotia
           ;
           But
           afterwards
           by
           the
           prowess
           of
           their
           Kings
           ,
           and
           the
           industry
           of
           their
           Nation
           ,
           having
           first
           subdued
           their
           borderers
           ,
           and
           after
           them
           ,
           other
           People
           and
           Nations
           ,
           they
           extended
           their
           Empire
           to
           the
           furthest
           bounds
           of
           the
           
           Orient
           .
           Telegonus
           the
           father
           of
           Astriopaeus
           whose
           name
           we
           have
           received
           amongst
           the
           most
           famous
           Commanders
           in
           the
           Tro●on
           war
           ,
           was
           said
           to
           reign
           in
           the
           Country
           of
           Poeonia
           ,
           which
           now
           is
           a
           part
           of
           Macedonia
           ;
           On
           the
           other
           side
           in
           Europa
           ,
           there
           ra●gned
           Europus
           by
           name
           ;
           But
           Caranus
           with
           a
           vast
           multitude
           of
           the
           Grecians
           ,
           being
           commanded
           by
           the
           Oracle
           to
           lo●k
           out
           a
           seat
           for
           h●m●n
           Macedonia
           ,
           when
           he
           came
           into
           Emathia
           ,
           he
           unexpectedly
           possessed
           himself
           of
           the
           City
           of
           Ediss●
           ,
           he
           Inhabitants
           not
           perceiving
           it
           by
           reason
           of
           a
           tempest
           ,
           and
           a
           great
           mist
           that
           did
           attend
           it
           .
           In
           this
           expedition
           ,
           he
           followed
           the
           conduct
           of
           a
           slock
           of
           G●●ts
           ,
           who
           ●led
           towards
           the
           Town
           from
           the
           violence
           of
           the
           tempest
           ,
           and
           calling
           the
           Oracle
           into
           his
           memory
           ,
           by
           which
           he
           was
           commanded
           to
           seek
           out
           a
           place
           to
           rule
           in
           ,
           the
           Goats
           being
           his
           leaders
           ,
           he
           made
           that
           City
           the
           ●eat
           of
           his
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           whithersoever
           afterwards
           ●e
           advanced
           ,
           he
           religiously
           observed
           to
           have
           the
           same
           Goats
           before
           his
           Ensigns
           to
           be
           the
           Leaders
           on
           in
           his
           enterprize
           ,
           who
           were
           the
           authors
           of
           his
           Kingdom
           ;
           for
           the
           memory
           of
           this
           event
           ,
           he
           called
           the
           City
           
             Edissa
             ,
             Aegaea
          
           ;
           and
           the
           people
           Aegae●des
           .
        
         
           After
           this
           ,
           Midas
           being
           forced
           away
           (
           for
           he
           also
           possessed
           a
           part
           of
           Macedonia
           )
           and
           some
           other
           Kings
           with
           him
           ,
           he
           alone
           succeeded
           into
           the
           place
           of
           them
           all
           ,
           and
           having
           united
           the
           
           Nations
           into
           one
           ,
           he
           brought
           the
           several
           people
           of
           Macedonia
           into
           one
           body
           ,
           and
           the
           Kingdom
           increasing
           ,
           he
           made
           the
           founda●ion
           strong
           with
           an
           intent
           to
           raise
           it
           higher
           .
           After
           him
           Perdicas
           reigned
           ,
           whose
           life
           was
           famous
           ,
           and
           his
           last
           words
           at
           his
           death
           were
           as
           memorable
           as
           the
           precepts
           of
           the
           Delphian
           Oracle
           ;
           for
           full
           of
           age
           and
           dying
           ,
           he
           shewed
           to
           his
           Son
           Argaeus
           ,
           the
           place
           where
           he
           would
           be
           buryed
           ,
           and
           commanded
           that
           not
           onely
           his
           own
           but
           the
           bodies
           of
           all
           who
           succeded
           him
           in
           his
           Kingdom
           should
           be
           interred
           the
           same
           place
           ,
           presaging
           that
           if
           the
           Relicks
           of
           his
           Successors
           should
           be
           buryed
           there
           ,
           the
           Kingdom
           should
           perpetually
           continue
           in
           that
           Family
           ;
           And
           it
           is
           superstitiously
           believed
           that
           the
           issue
           failed
           in
           Alexander
           ,
           because
           he
           changed
           that
           place
           of
           Sepulchre
           .
        
         
           Argaeus
           having
           governed
           the
           Kingdom
           moderately
           ,
           and
           with
           the
           love
           of
           the
           people
           did
           leave
           Philip
           his
           Successor
           ,
           who
           being
           taken
           away
           by
           an
           untimely
           death
           ,
           did
           make
           Europus
           a
           little
           child
           his
           Heir
           .
        
         
           At
           this
           time
           the
           Macedonians
           had
           daily
           wars
           with
           the
           Thracians
           and
           Illyrians
           ,
           by
           whose
           Armes
           being
           hardned
           as
           with
           a
           daily
           exercise
           ,
           they
           became
           a
           terror
           to
           their
           neighbours
           by
           the
           glory
           of
           their
           atchievements
           .
           The
           Illyrians
           contemning
           the
           Infancy
           of
           their
           King
           did
           make
           war
           upon
           the
           Macedons
           ,
           who
           being
           
           overcome
           in
           the
           battel
           ,
           the
           little
           Infant
           their
           King
           was
           brought
           forth
           in
           his
           Cradle
           ,
           and
           placed
           in
           the
           front
           of
           their
           Army
           ,
           whereupon
           they
           renewed
           the
           encounter
           with
           greater
           violence
           ;
           for
           they
           were
           beaten
           they
           conceived
           before
           ,
           because
           in
           the
           fight
           they
           had
           not
           with
           them
           the
           auspicious
           presence
           of
           their
           King
           ,
           and
           should
           now
           overcome
           ,
           because
           out
           of
           a
           superstition
           ,
           they
           were
           possessed
           with
           a
           confidence
           that
           they
           should
           be
           Conquerors
           ;
           the
           compassion
           also
           on
           their
           Infant
           Prince
           did
           leave
           an
           impression
           on
           them
           ,
           whom
           if
           they
           were
           overcome
           ,
           they
           should
           make
           him
           of
           a
           King
           a
           Captive
           .
           The
           battels
           therefore
           being
           joyned
           ,
           with
           a
           great
           slaughter
           they
           overthrew
           the
           Illyrians
           ,
           and
           made
           it
           apparent
           to
           their
           Enemies
           ,
           that
           in
           the
           former
           encounter
           the
           Macedons
           wanted
           not
           courage
           but
           a
           King.
           Amyntas
           succeeded
           him
           famous
           by
           his
           own
           vertue
           ,
           but
           more
           renowned
           by
           the
           excellent
           endowments
           of
           Alexander
           his
           Son
           ,
           in
           whose
           nature
           the
           ornaments
           of
           all
           vertues
           were
           so
           extant
           ,
           that
           in
           the
           various
           exercis●
           of
           sports
           ,
           he
           contended
           at
           the
           Olympian
           Games
           .
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           Darius
           King
           of
           the
           Persians
           being
           routed
           ,
           and
           making
           haste
           out
           of
           Scythia
           in
           a
           dishonourable
           flight
           ,
           least
           he
           should
           grow
           every-where
           contemptible
           by
           his
           loss
           ,
           he
           sent
           Megabazus
           with
           a
           part
           of
           his
           Army
           to
           subdue
           Thrace
           and
           the
           other
           Kingdoms
           adjacent
           to
           it
           ,
           
           in
           which
           number
           was
           Macedonia
           ,
           a
           place
           then
           accounted
           so
           poor
           ,
           that
           it
           was
           hardly
           worth
           looking
           after
           .
        
         
           In
           obedience
           to
           the
           Kings
           command
           ,
           Megabazus
           not
           long
           after
           sent
           Ambassadors
           to
           Amyntas
           King
           of
           the
           Macedons
           ,
           demanding
           that
           pledges
           might
           be
           given
           to
           him
           as
           an
           earnest
           of
           the
           peace
           to
           come
           :
           The
           Ambassadors
           being
           bountifully
           entertained
           ,
           in
           the
           height
           of
           the
           banquet
           and
           of
           wine
           ,
           required
           of
           Amyntas
           that
           to
           the
           magnificence
           of
           the
           Feast
           ,
           they
           would
           add
           the
           priviledges
           of
           Familiarity
           ,
           and
           send
           for
           their
           sons
           ,
           their
           wives
           ,
           and
           daughters
           ,
           which
           amongst
           the
           Persians
           is
           the
           pledge
           and
           assurance
           of
           entertainment
           :
           Who
           when
           they
           came
           ,
           the
           Persians
           handling
           the
           Ladies
           with
           too
           petulant
           a
           wantonness
           ,
           Alexander
           the
           son
           of
           Amyntas
           desired
           his
           Father
           in
           respect
           of
           his
           age
           and
           gravity
           ,
           that
           he
           would
           be
           pleased
           to
           depart
           from
           the
           Feast
           ,
           promising
           that
           he
           would
           try
           the
           jests
           and
           frolicks
           of
           his
           Guests
           .
           His
           father
           being
           gone
           ,
           he
           not
           long
           after
           ,
           called
           all
           the
           women
           from
           the
           Banquet
           ,
           in
           a
           pretence
           to
           dress
           them
           finer
           ,
           and
           to
           return
           them
           more
           acceptable
           to
           them
           :
           In
           their
           places
           he
           brings
           in
           young
           men
           disguised
           in
           the
           apparrel
           of
           Matrons
           ,
           and
           commands
           them
           to
           chastise
           the
           wantonness
           of
           the
           Ambassadors
           with
           the
           swords
           which
           they
           carried
           under
           their
           garments
           .
           And
           thus
           all
           of
           them
           being
           slain
           ,
           
           Megabazus
           being
           ignorant
           of
           the
           event
           ,
           and
           seeing
           they
           returned
           not
           ,
           did
           command
           Bubaris
           thither
           with
           a
           part
           of
           his
           Army
           onely
           ,
           as
           into
           a
           poor
           and
           easie
           war
           ,
           scorning
           to
           go
           himself
           least
           he
           should
           be
           dishonoured
           to
           make
           war
           in
           his
           own
           person
           with
           so
           contemptible
           a
           Nation
           .
           But
           Bubaris
           before
           the
           war
           ,
           being
           inflamed
           with
           the
           love
           of
           the
           daughter
           of
           Amyntas
           ,
           instead
           of
           making
           wars
           ,
           did
           make
           a
           marriage
           ;
           and
           all
           hostility
           being
           layd
           aside
           ,
           he
           entred
           into
           the
           obligations
           of
           affinity
           .
           After
           the
           departure
           of
           Bubaris
           from
           
             Macedonia
             ,
             Amyntas
          
           the
           King
           deceased
           ,
           to
           whose
           son
           and
           Successor
           Alexander
           ,
           the
           consanguinity
           with
           Bubaris
           not
           onely
           procured
           peace
           in
           the
           time
           of
           Darius
           ,
           but
           confirmed
           Xerxes
           to
           him
           ,
           insomuch
           that
           he
           endued
           him
           with
           the
           command
           of
           the
           whole
           Countrey
           ,
           between
           the
           Hills
           of
           Olympus
           and
           Haemus
           ,
           when
           like
           a
           Tempest
           he
           invaded
           Greece
           .
           But
           Amyntas
           increased
           his
           Kingdom
           as
           well
           by
           his
           own
           valour
           as
           by
           the
           liberality
           of
           the
           Persians
           .
           By
           order
           of
           succession
           ,
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Macedonia
           came
           afterwards
           to
           Amyntas
           the
           son
           of
           his
           brother
           Menelaus
           ;
           he
           also
           was
           famous
           for
           his
           industry
           ,
           and
           accomplished
           with
           all
           royal
           vertues
           :
           He
           begat
           three
           sons
           of
           his
           first
           wife
           ,
           
             Eurydice
             ;
             Alexander
             ,
             Perdicas
          
           ,
           and
           Philip
           the
           Father
           of
           Alexander
           the
           Great
           ,
           and
           a
           daughter
           called
           Euryone
           ;
           and
           on
           his
           second
           
           wife
           
             Cygaea
             ,
             Archelaus
             ,
             Aridaeus
          
           ,
           and
           Menelaus
           :
           He
           made
           great
           war
           ,
           first
           with
           the
           Olynthians
           ,
           and
           afterwards
           with
           the
           Illyrians
           ,
           and
           had
           lost
           his
           life
           by
           the
           treason
           of
           his
           wife
           Eurydice
           who
           contracting
           a
           marriage
           with
           her
           son
           in-law
           ,
           had
           undertaken
           to
           kill
           her
           husband
           ,
           and
           to
           deliver
           the
           Kingdom
           unto
           her
           adulteror
           ,
           which
           had
           taken
           effect
           if
           her
           daughter
           had
           not
           betrayed
           the
           loosness
           of
           the
           Mother
           ,
           and
           the
           counsels
           of
           her
           wickedness
           .
           The
           old
           man
           deliverd
           from
           so
           many
           dangers
           ,
           deceased
           ,
           the
           Kingdom
           being
           left
           to
           Alexander
           the
           eldest
           of
           his
           Sons
           .
        
         
           Alexander
           in
           the
           beginning
           of
           his
           reign
           bought
           his
           peace
           of
           the
           Illyrians
           ,
           a
           sum
           of
           moneys
           being
           agreed
           upon
           ,
           and
           his
           Brother
           Philip
           being
           given
           them
           as
           a
           pledge
           ;
           in
           the
           process
           of
           time
           he
           made
           peace
           with
           the
           Thebans
           ,
           having
           given
           the
           same
           pledge
           unto
           them
           ,
           which
           conduced
           much
           to
           the
           growing
           fortunes
           of
           Philip
           by
           the
           advantage
           of
           his
           education
           ;
           for
           being
           three
           yeers
           a
           pledge
           at
           Thebes
           ,
           he
           received
           the
           first
           rudiments
           of
           his
           youth
           in
           a
           City
           of
           ancient
           severity
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           house
           of
           Epaminondas
           who
           was
           as
           great
           a
           Philosopher
           as
           a
           General
           .
           Not
           long
           after
           Alexander
           being
           assaulted
           by
           the
           treason
           of
           his
           Mother
           Euridice
           ,
           was
           slain
           ;
           his
           Father
           had
           pardoned
           her
           before
           ,
           being
           guilty
           of
           contriving
           his
           death
           ,
           in
           relation
           to
           the
           children
           
           he
           had
           by
           her
           ,
           not
           thinking
           she
           would
           prove
           so
           pernicious
           unto
           them
           .
           His
           brother
           Perdicas
           did
           also
           lose
           his
           life
           ,
           being
           killed
           by
           the
           treasonable
           plotting
           of
           his
           mother
           :
           A
           most
           unworthy
           thing
           it
           was
           that
           the
           children
           should
           be
           deprived
           of
           their
           lives
           by
           their
           mother
           for
           her
           lust
           ,
           the
           consideration
           of
           whom
           had
           before
           protected
           her
           from
           the
           punishment
           due
           unto
           her
           for
           her
           wickedness
           .
           This
           murther
           of
           Perdicas
           seemed
           the
           more
           grievous
           ,
           because
           the
           little
           son
           whom
           he
           left
           could
           not
           prevail
           upon
           her
           cruelty
           to
           take
           compassion
           of
           him
           .
           Philip
           a
           long
           time
           did
           deport
           himself
           not
           as
           a
           King
           ,
           but
           as
           a
           Guardian
           to
           the
           Infant
           .
           But
           when
           great
           wars
           did
           threaten
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           help
           would
           be
           too
           late
           in
           the
           expectation
           of
           the
           Infant
           ,
           he
           took
           upon
           him
           the
           Government
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           being
           compell'd
           unto
           it
           by
           the
           people
           .
           In
           the
           beginning
           of
           his
           reign
           ,
           the
           hopes
           were
           great
           that
           were
           conceived
           of
           him
           both
           for
           his
           wit
           ,
           which
           promised
           him
           to
           prove
           a
           great
           man
           ,
           and
           for
           the
           ancient
           fates
           of
           Macedon
           ,
           which
           sang
           that
           one
           of
           the
           sons
           of
           Amyntas
           being
           King
           ,
           the
           state
           of
           that
           Kingdom
           should
           be
           most
           flourishing
           ;
           And
           this
           was
           the
           man
           who
           was
           preserved
           from
           the
           wickedness
           of
           his
           mother
           ,
           to
           make
           good
           the
           hopes
           of
           the
           people
           and
           to
           justifie
           the
           Oracle
           .
           When
           on
           one
           side
           ,
           the
           most
           unworthy
           murder
           of
           his
           
           brothers
           ,
           on
           the
           other
           side
           the
           multitude
           of
           his
           Enemies
           ,
           the
           fear
           of
           new
           treacheries
           ,
           the
           want
           occasioned
           by
           the
           continual
           wars
           ,
           and
           the
           Kingdom
           exhausted
           of
           Souldiers
           ,
           did
           much
           distract
           him
           and
           the
           wars
           of
           many
           Nations
           from
           several
           places
           did
           at
           one
           time
           conspire
           to
           oppress
           Macedonia
           ,
           because
           he
           could
           not
           answer
           them
           all
           at
           once
           ,
           he
           thought
           it
           expedient
           to
           dispence
           with
           some
           for
           a
           while
           ;
           he
           therefore
           upon
           an
           agreement
           did
           compound
           for
           a
           peace
           with
           some
           ;
           others
           he
           overcame
           with
           easie
           assaults
           ,
           by
           the
           conquest
           of
           whom
           he
           confirmed
           the
           doubtful
           minds
           of
           his
           Souldiers
           ,
           and
           took
           from
           himself
           the
           contempt
           of
           his
           Enemies
           .
           His
           first
           war
           was
           with
           the
           Athenians
           ,
           who
           being
           overcome
           by
           an
           Ambu●cado
           ,
           he
           without
           money
           (
           for
           fear
           of
           a
           greater
           war
           )
           did
           permit
           them
           all
           to
           go
           safe
           away
           ,
           when
           it
           lay
           in
           his
           power
           to
           have
           put
           them
           all
           to
           the
           sword
           :
           The
           war
           being
           afterwards
           carryed
           against
           the
           Illyrians
           ,
           he
           slew
           many
           thousands
           of
           his
           Enemies
           :
           Afterwards
           he
           took
           the
           famous
           City
           of
           Larissaea
           ,
           from
           whence
           he
           unexpectedly
           advanced
           against
           the
           Thessalians
           ,
           not
           for
           the
           desire
           of
           prey
           ,
           but
           that
           he
           might
           add
           to
           his
           Army
           the
           strength
           of
           the
           Thessalian
           Cavalry
           ,
           by
           which
           means
           (
           the
           body
           of
           their
           horse
           being
           joyn'd
           to
           his
           foot
           )
           he
           made
           his
           Army
           invincible
           .
           The
           event
           of
           these
           things
           answering
           his
           expectation
           
           with
           success
           ,
           he
           took
           to
           wife
           Olympias
           the
           daughter
           of
           Neoptolemus
           King
           of
           the
           Molossians
           ;
           her
           brothers
           son
           Arymbas
           ,
           who
           was
           her
           overseer
           ,
           and
           was
           then
           King
           of
           the
           Molossians
           did
           make
           the
           marriage
           ,
           having
           himself
           marryed
           Troas
           the
           sister
           of
           Olympias
           ,
           which
           was
           the
           cause
           of
           his
           destruction
           ,
           and
           the
           manifold
           calamities
           which
           afterwards
           fell
           upon
           him
           ;
           for
           whiles
           he
           hoped
           to
           make
           some
           additions
           to
           his
           Kingdom
           by
           the
           affinity
           of
           Philip
           ,
           being
           depriv'd
           by
           him
           of
           his
           own
           Kingdom
           ,
           he
           grew
           old
           in
           banishment
           .
           These
           things
           being
           thus
           passed
           ,
           Philip
           being
           now
           not
           contented
           onely
           to
           remove
           wars
           ,
           did
           now
           provoke
           and
           challenge
           others
           Nations
           of
           his
           own
           accord
           .
           As
           he
           was
           besieging
           Methona
           ,
           an
           arrow
           from
           the
           walls
           as
           he
           was
           passing
           by
           ,
           did
           put
           out
           his
           right
           eye
           ;
           for
           all
           which
           wound
           he
           became
           not
           the
           flower
           in
           the
           prosecution
           of
           the
           war
           ,
           nor
           was
           he
           made
           more
           angry
           by
           it
           against
           his
           Enemies
           ,
           who
           some
           days
           afterwards
           having
           supplicated
           for
           peace
           ,
           he
           did
           grant
           it
           to
           them
           ,
           and
           was
           not
           onely
           moderate
           ,
           but
           also
           merciful
           against
           the
           conquered
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           EIGTH
           BOOK
           OF
           IVSTINE
           .
        
         
           WHiles
           the
           Cities
           of
           Greece
           sought
           every
           one
           to
           enjoy
           ,
           they
           all
           lost
           the
           Soveraignty
           of
           Greece
           ;
           for
           restlessly
           running
           into
           mutual
           destruction
           they
           perished
           ,
           being
           overcome
           of
           all
           :
           and
           not
           unless
           oppressed
           ,
           they
           found
           what
           every
           one
           did
           loose
           ;
           For
           Philip
           lying
           in
           wait
           in
           Macedonia
           (
           as
           in
           a
           watch-Tower
           )
           for
           the
           liberties
           of
           them
           all
           ,
           whiles
           he
           did
           foment
           their
           divisions
           by
           sending
           ayd
           to
           the
           weaker
           parties
           ,
           he
           made
           both
           the
           Conquerors
           and
           
           Conquered
           to
           undergo
           the
           yoak
           of
           servitude
           .
           The
           Thebans
           were
           the
           cause
           and
           the
           beginning
           of
           this
           calamity
           ,
           who
           when
           they
           were
           masters
           of
           all
           ,
           and
           carrying
           their
           good
           fortune
           with
           too
           impotent
           a
           mind
           ,
           did
           publickly
           before
           a
           general
           Councel
           at
           Greece
           accuse
           the
           Lacedemonians
           and
           Phocensians
           ,
           as
           if
           before
           they
           had
           endured
           but
           small
           punishments
           for
           the
           slaughters
           and
           the
           rapines
           which
           they
           committed
           :
           it
           was
           layd
           to
           the
           charge
           of
           the
           Lacedemonians
           ,
           that
           they
           had
           seized
           upon
           the
           Tower
           of
           Thebes
           in
           the
           time
           of
           truce
           ,
           and
           to
           the
           Phocensians
           that
           they
           had
           plundered
           Baeotia
           ,
           as
           if
           after
           Arms
           and
           War
           there
           were
           a
           place
           left
           for
           the
           Laws
           :
           When
           the
           judgement
           was
           carryed
           according
           to
           the
           pleasure
           of
           the
           Conquerors
           ,
           they
           were
           condemned
           in
           a
           greater
           sum
           of
           money
           then
           they
           were
           able
           to
           pay
           .
           Therefore
           the
           Phocensians
           when
           they
           were
           deprived
           of
           their
           wives
           and
           children
           ,
           and
           possessions
           ,
           in
           a
           desperate
           condition
           ,
           Philomelus
           being
           their
           Captain
           ,
           they
           seized
           upon
           the
           Temple
           of
           Apollo
           at
           Delphos
           ,
           and
           being
           angry
           with
           men
           ,
           they
           would
           be
           revenged
           of
           God
           ;
           being
           made
           rich
           with
           the
           gold
           and
           silver
           which
           there
           they
           found
           ,
           they
           made
           war
           upon
           the
           Thebans
           with
           a
           mercenary
           Army
           ;
           and
           though
           all
           abhorred
           this
           act
           of
           the
           Phocensians
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           sacriledge
           ,
           yet
           the
           Thebans
           contracted
           more
           envie
           by
           it
           ,
           by
           whom
           they
           were
           enforced
           to
           this
           necessity
           ,
           and
           both
           
           the
           Lacedemonians
           ,
           and
           Athenians
           sent
           ayd
           unto
           them
           .
           In
           the
           first
           encounter
           Philomelus
           became
           master
           of
           the
           Camp
           and
           Tents
           of
           the
           Thebans
           ;
           but
           in
           the
           second
           battel
           he
           fell
           first
           of
           all
           ,
           fighting
           amongst
           the
           thickest
           of
           his
           Enemies
           ,
           and
           with
           the
           forfeit
           of
           his
           impious
           blood
           did
           answer
           for
           the
           crime
           of
           his
           sacriledge
           .
           Onomerchus
           was
           made
           Captain
           in
           his
           place
           ,
           against
           whom
           the
           Thebans
           and
           Thessalians
           chose
           not
           a
           Captain
           of
           their
           own
           Citizens
           for
           fear
           of
           his
           domineering
           if
           he
           should
           prove
           Conqueror
           ,
           but
           Philip
           King
           of
           the
           Macedonians
           to
           be
           their
           General
           ;
           and
           of
           their
           own
           accord
           they
           did
           fall
           into
           that
           power
           and
           domination
           in
           another
           Commander
           which
           they
           feared
           in
           their
           own
           .
           Philip
           therefore
           ,
           as
           if
           he
           was
           rather
           a
           revenger
           of
           the
           Sacriledge
           ,
           then
           of
           the
           Thebans
           ,
           commanded
           all
           his
           souldiers
           to
           weare
           wreaths
           of
           bayes
           on
           their
           brows
           ;
           and
           thus
           as
           if
           god
           was
           his
           conduct
           ,
           he
           advanced
           to
           the
           battel
           .
        
         
           The
           Phocensians
           seeing
           the
           Ensigns
           of
           the
           God
           ,
           being
           affrighted
           with
           the
           consciousness
           of
           their
           offence
           ,
           throwing
           down
           their
           Arms
           ,
           did
           fly
           away
           ,
           and
           with
           great
           slaughter
           and
           bloodshed
           did
           expiate
           the
           violation
           of
           Religion
           .
           It
           is
           incredible
           ,
           what
           glory
           this
           atchievement
           brought
           to
           Philip
           amongst
           all
           Nations
           ;
           Him
           they
           extoll'd
           as
           the
           vindicator
           of
           sacriledge
           ,
           the
           Revenger
           of
           Religion
           ,
           which
           the
           world
           with
           all
           
           its
           power
           was
           obliged
           to
           keep
           undefiled
           ;
           the
           onely
           man
           who
           was
           thought
           worthy
           to
           exact
           a
           Piacle
           for
           the
           sin
           committed
           to
           plunder
           God.
           He
           next
           unto
           the
           gods
           was
           esteemed
           ,
           by
           whom
           the
           majesty
           of
           the
           gods
           was
           vindicated
           :
           But
           the
           Athenians
           ,
           the
           event
           of
           the
           war
           being
           understood
           ,
           did
           seize
           upon
           the
           streits
           at
           Thermophyle
           to
           keep
           Philip
           from
           Greece
           ,
           as
           they
           did
           heretofore
           the
           Persians
           ,
           but
           not
           with
           the
           same
           courage
           nor
           the
           same
           cause
           ;
           for
           then
           they
           fought
           for
           the
           liberty
           of
           Greece
           ,
           now
           for
           publick
           sacriledge
           ;
           then
           to
           vindicate
           the
           Temples
           from
           the
           violent
           prophanation
           of
           the
           Enemies
           ,
           now
           to
           defend
           the
           violent
           Prophaners
           against
           the
           Vindicators
           of
           them
           ,
           and
           they
           deported
           themselves
           as
           defenders
           of
           that
           wickedness
           in
           which
           it
           was
           a
           shame
           to
           be
           Connivers
           ,
           being
           altogether
           unmindful
           that
           in
           the
           uncertainty
           of
           their
           affaires
           they
           had
           heretofore
           repaired
           to
           that
           god
           as
           to
           the
           Author
           of
           their
           Counsels
           :
           and
           he
           being
           their
           conduct
           ,
           they
           had
           undertook
           so
           many
           wars
           ,
           and
           formerly
           erected
           so
           many
           Cities
           ,
           and
           obtained
           so
           great
           a
           Soveraignty
           both
           by
           Sea
           and
           Land
           ,
           and
           mannaged
           nothing
           either
           publick
           or
           private
           without
           the
           majesty
           of
           his
           divinity
           .
           Who
           would
           imagine
           that
           wits
           adorned
           with
           all
           variety
           of
           learning
           ,
           and
           brought
           up
           under
           such
           excellent
           Laws
           and
           Institutions
           ,
           should
           commit
           so
           horrible
           an
           impiety
           ,
           that
           they
           had
           nothing
           left
           ,
           of
           which
           
           after
           it
           they
           might
           justly
           accuse
           the
           Barbarians
           ?
           But
           Philip
           observed
           no
           more
           faith
           himself
           towards
           his
           Associates
           ;
           for
           fearing
           least
           he
           should
           be
           overcome
           himself
           of
           his
           Enemies
           in
           the
           impiety
           of
           sacriledge
           ,
           in
           a
           hostile
           manner
           he
           seized
           upon
           those
           Cities
           ,
           of
           which
           but
           immediately
           before
           he
           was
           Protector
           ;
           those
           Cities
           which
           sought
           under
           his
           conduct
           ,
           those
           Cities
           which
           gratulated
           both
           him
           and
           themselves
           for
           the
           victory
           they
           had
           obtained
           ,
           he
           in
           a
           scornful
           manner
           sold
           not
           long
           afterward
           both
           the
           wives
           and
           children
           of
           them
           all
           ;
           he
           spared
           not
           the
           Temples
           ,
           nor
           the
           consecrated
           houses
           ,
           nor
           the
           publick
           ,
           nor
           the
           private
           gods
           whom
           not
           long
           before
           he
           adored
           :
           Insomuch
           that
           he
           seemed
           not
           to
           be
           the
           Revenger
           of
           sacriledge
           ,
           but
           to
           grant
           a
           liberty
           for
           sacriledges
           ;
           After
           this
           ,
           as
           if
           he
           had
           done
           admirably
           well
           ,
           he
           marched
           into
           Cappadocia
           ,
           where
           having
           mannaged
           the
           war
           with
           the
           like
           perfidiousness
           and
           the
           neighbouring
           Kings
           being
           taken
           and
           slain
           by
           treachery
           ,
           he
           joyned
           the
           whole
           Country
           of
           Cappadocia
           to
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           the
           Macedons
           :
           After
           this
           to
           take
           away
           the
           infamy
           of
           envie
           ,
           with
           which
           at
           that
           present
           he
           laboured
           above
           other
           men
           ,
           he
           sent
           several
           persons
           through
           several
           Kingdoms
           and
           most
           flourishing
           Cities
           ,
           to
           plant
           a
           belief
           that
           King
           Philip
           had
           laid
           up
           a
           great
           bank
           of
           money
           for
           the
           erecting
           of
           new
           walls
           through
           the
           Cities
           ,
           
           and
           for
           the
           building
           of
           Fanes
           and
           Temples
           ,
           and
           made
           Proclamations
           by
           Heralds
           ,
           to
           the
           end
           that
           work-men
           might
           come
           in
           to
           undertake
           the
           building
           ,
           who
           when
           they
           came
           to
           Macedonia
           ,
           being
           frustrated
           by
           long
           delayes
           ,
           they
           departed
           home
           in
           silence
           ,
           fearing
           the
           anger
           of
           the
           King.
           After
           this
           he
           invaded
           the
           Olynthians
           ,
           who
           after
           his
           slaughter
           of
           one
           of
           his
           brothers
           ,
           did
           in
           compassion
           entertain
           the
           two
           other
           ,
           whom
           Philip
           resolved
           to
           put
           to
           death
           ,
           pretending
           they
           desired
           to
           partake
           with
           him
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           being
           the
           children
           of
           his
           mother-in-law
           ;
           for
           this
           onely
           cause
           he
           utterly
           destroyed
           this
           ancient
           and
           noble
           City
           ,
           and
           his
           brothers
           being
           delivered
           to
           their
           destined
           destruction
           ,
           he
           enjoyed
           a
           great
           booty
           together
           with
           the
           desires
           of
           his
           paricide
           .
           After
           this
           ,
           as
           if
           all
           things
           were
           lawful
           which
           he
           had
           a
           mind
           to
           do
           ,
           he
           seized
           upon
           the
           golden
           Mines
           in
           Thessaly
           ,
           and
           on
           the
           silver
           Mines
           in
           Thrace
           ,
           and
           that
           he
           might
           leave
           nothing
           inviolated
           ,
           he
           at
           last
           resolved
           to
           exercise
           Pyracies
           on
           the
           Seas
           :
           These
           things
           in
           this
           manner
           mannaged
           ▪
           it
           came
           to
           pass
           that
           the
           two
           brothers
           of
           the
           King
           of
           Thrace
           did
           make
           choyce
           of
           him
           as
           an
           Arbitrator
           of
           their
           differences
           ,
           not
           out
           of
           any
           contemplation
           of
           his
           justice
           ,
           but
           both
           of
           them
           fearing
           least
           by
           his
           assistance
           he
           should
           add
           more
           strength
           and
           quite
           over-ballance
           the
           cause
           and
           power
           of
           
           the
           other
           .
           But
           Philip
           ,
           (
           according
           to
           the
           versatilness
           of
           his
           wit
           )
           did
           come
           with
           a
           gallant
           Army
           ,
           the
           two
           brothers
           unsuspecting
           it
           ,
           not
           as
           an
           Arbitrator
           but
           a
           General
           ,
           and
           deprived
           them
           both
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           by
           force
           ,
           not
           like
           a
           Judge
           ,
           but
           as
           a
           Theif
           and
           a
           plunderer
           .
           While
           those
           thing
           were
           in
           agitation
           ,
           the
           Athenians
           sent
           Ambassadors
           to
           him
           to
           desire
           a
           peace
           ,
           who
           having
           had
           audience
           ,
           he
           sent
           himself
           Ambassadors
           to
           Athens
           with
           the
           condition
           of
           it
           ,
           and
           a
           peace
           was
           concluded
           for
           the
           advantage
           of
           them
           both
           .
           There
           came
           also
           Ambassadors
           from
           the
           other
           Cities
           of
           Greece
           ,
           not
           so
           much
           for
           the
           love
           of
           peace
           ,
           as
           for
           the
           sears
           of
           war
           ;
           for
           the
           fire
           of
           their
           rage
           being
           not
           to
           be
           extinguished
           but
           by
           blood
           ,
           the
           Thebans
           and
           Boetians
           did
           desire
           that
           he
           would
           vouchsafe
           to
           profess
           himself
           to
           be
           the
           General
           of
           Greece
           against
           the
           Phocensians
           ,
           being
           possessed
           with
           so
           great
           a
           hatred
           against
           the
           Phocensians
           ,
           that
           forgetful
           of
           their
           own
           ruine
           ,
           they
           desired
           rather
           to
           perish
           themselves
           then
           not
           to
           destroy
           them
           ,
           and
           to
           endure
           the
           known
           cruelty
           of
           Philip
           then
           to
           pardon
           their
           Enemies
           .
           The
           Ambassadors
           of
           the
           Phocensians
           on
           the
           other
           side
           ,
           the
           Lacedemonians
           and
           Athenians
           being
           joyned
           with
           them
           ,
           did
           crave
           that
           the
           war
           might
           not
           proceed
           ,
           this
           being
           the
           third
           time
           that
           they
           bought
           with
           moneys
           a
           forbearance
           of
           it
           .
        
         
         
           A
           vile
           thing
           it
           was
           ,
           and
           shameful
           to
           behold
           ,
           that
           Greece
           being
           at
           that
           time
           the
           mistress
           of
           the
           world
           ,
           both
           in
           strength
           and
           dignity
           ,
           and
           alwaies
           the
           Conqueress
           of
           Kings
           and
           Nations
           ,
           and
           at
           that
           time
           the
           Commandress
           of
           so
           many
           Cities
           ,
           should
           humble
           her self
           at
           the
           doors
           of
           a
           stranger
           ,
           and
           either
           craving
           or
           deprecating
           war
           ,
           should
           put
           all
           her
           hope
           in
           the
           assistance
           of
           another
           .
           The
           Revengers
           of
           the
           world
           were
           brought
           so
           low
           by
           their
           own
           discords
           and
           by
           civil
           wars
           ,
           that
           of
           their
           own
           accord
           they
           flattered
           a
           sordid
           part
           not
           long
           before
           of
           their
           own
           clientry
           ;
           and
           this
           especially
           was
           done
           by
           the
           Thebans
           and
           the
           Lacedemonians
           before
           emulous
           which
           of
           them
           both
           should
           enjoy
           the
           absolute
           command
           of
           Greece
           ,
           as
           Greece
           at
           this
           present
           would
           have
           the
           command
           of
           them
           .
           Philip
           in
           these
           dissentions
           ,
           for
           the
           ostentation
           of
           his
           glory
           ,
           did
           ride
           as
           it
           were
           in
           triumph
           over
           the
           tops
           of
           so
           great
           Cities
           ,
           and
           did
           deliberate
           with
           himself
           which
           part
           was
           most
           worthy
           of
           him
           .
           Having
           given
           audience
           in
           private
           to
           the
           Ambassadors
           on
           both
           sides
           ,
           to
           the
           one
           side
           he
           did
           promise
           the
           forbearance
           of
           the
           war
           ,
           having
           obliged
           them
           by
           an
           Oath
           not
           to
           divulge
           his
           answer
           ;
           unto
           the
           others
           he
           gave
           assurance
           ,
           that
           he
           suddenly
           and
           powerfully
           would
           assist
           them
           ;
           he
           commanded
           both
           either
           to
           prepare
           for
           war
           or
           to
           fear
           it
           ;
           and
           thus
           with
           a
           double
           
           answer
           both
           sides
           being
           secure
           ,
           he
           seized
           upon
           the
           straights
           of
           Thermophylae
           .
           Then
           the
           Phocensians
           finding
           themselves
           circumvented
           by
           the
           treachery
           of
           Philip
           had
           their
           recourse
           to
           Arms
           ,
           but
           they
           had
           not
           the
           leisure
           to
           prepare
           an
           Army
           ,
           nor
           to
           draw
           unto
           them
           any
           Auxiliaries
           :
           and
           Philip
           threatned
           utterly
           to
           destroy
           them
           ,
           if
           they
           would
           not
           surrender
           themselves
           unto
           him
           .
           But
           there
           was
           no
           more
           trust
           in
           his
           composition
           ,
           then
           there
           was
           in
           his
           promise
           that
           the
           war
           should
           be
           forborn
           ;
           They
           were
           therefore
           everywhere
           put
           to
           slaughter
           ,
           and
           violated
           ;
           the
           Children
           were
           pluck'd
           from
           their
           Parents
           ,
           the
           Wives
           from
           their
           Husbands
           ,
           and
           the
           Images
           of
           the
           gods
           were
           not
           safe
           ,
           nor
           left
           in
           their
           own
           Temples
           .
           This
           was
           all
           the
           miserable
           comfort
           that
           they
           enjoyed
           ,
           that
           when
           Philip
           had
           defrauded
           his
           Associates
           in
           the
           distribution
           of
           the
           booty
           ,
           and
           ingrossed
           it
           all
           to
           himself
           ,
           they
           could
           finde
           nothing
           of
           their
           own
           goods
           amongst
           their
           Enemies
           .
           Being
           returned
           into
           his
           Kingdom
           ,
           he
           drove
           Cities
           and
           People
           as
           Shepherds
           do
           their
           Flocks
           ,
           sometimes
           into
           their
           Summer
           ,
           and
           sometimes
           into
           their
           Winter
           Pastures
           :
           He
           translated
           every
           place
           according
           to
           his
           own
           pleasure
           ,
           as
           he
           would
           have
           them
           peopled
           or
           left
           desolate
           ;
           lamentable
           was
           the
           face
           of
           all
           things
           ,
           and
           like
           unto
           an
           utter
           ruine
           .
           There
           was
           no
           fear
           of
           any
           invasion
           of
           the
           Enemy
           ,
           no
           running
           about
           of
           the
           
           Souldiers
           in
           the
           streets
           ,
           no
           tumult
           of
           Arms
           ,
           no
           plundering
           of
           goods
           ,
           nor
           forcing
           men
           into
           Captivity
           ,
           but
           a
           silent
           grief
           and
           sadness
           did
           possess
           them
           ,
           and
           a
           fear
           that
           even
           the
           very
           tears
           in
           their
           eyes
           should
           be
           censur'd
           for
           delinquency
           :
           Their
           griefs
           did
           increase
           in
           their
           counterfeiting
           ,
           and
           in
           their
           concealing
           of
           them
           ,
           sinking
           so
           much
           the
           deeper
           ,
           by
           how
           much
           they
           were
           the
           less
           seen
           to
           express
           them
           :
           Sometimes
           they
           revolved
           in
           their
           mindes
           the
           Sepulchers
           of
           their
           Ance●●●rs
           ,
           sometimes
           their
           old
           houshold
           gods
           ,
           sometimes
           their
           own
           houses
           in
           which
           they
           begot
           their
           children
           ,
           and
           in
           which
           they
           were
           begot
           themselves
           :
           Sometimes
           they
           lamented
           their
           own
           misfortune
           that
           they
           lived
           to
           see
           that
           day
           ,
           sometimes
           the
           misfortune
           of
           their
           children
           that
           they
           were
           not
           born
           after
           it
           .
           Philip
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           did
           remove
           some
           of
           them
           into
           the
           frontier
           Garrisons
           ,
           and
           set
           them
           before
           the
           faces
           of
           their
           Enemies
           ;
           others
           he
           did
           dispose
           of
           into
           the
           farthest
           bounds
           of
           his
           Kingdom
           :
           Some
           whom
           he
           had
           taken
           Prisoners
           in
           the
           war
           he
           reserved
           at
           home
           to
           supply
           his
           Cities
           ,
           and
           so
           out
           of
           many
           Countreys
           and
           Nations
           he
           constituted
           one
           Kingdom
           and
           People
           .
           The
           affairs
           of
           Macedonia
           being
           set
           in
           order
           ,
           he
           became
           master
           of
           the
           Dardanians
           ,
           and
           other
           neighbouring
           places
           taken
           by
           deceit
           ;
           neither
           did
           he
           abstain
           from
           those
           who
           were
           most
           neer
           unto
           him
           ;
           for
           he
           determined
           to
           drive
           Arymbas
           
           out
           of
           his
           Kingdom
           who
           was
           King
           of
           Epirus
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           neerest
           consanguinity
           obliged
           to
           his
           wife
           Olympias
           ;
           and
           for
           this
           purpose
           he
           sent
           for
           Alexander
           the
           brother
           of
           his
           wife
           Olympias
           ,
           a
           boy
           of
           a
           sweet
           and
           lovely
           countenance
           to
           come
           in
           his
           sisters
           name
           to
           Macedonia
           ,
           and
           with
           all
           his
           art
           having
           sollicited
           him
           into
           the
           hope
           of
           his
           Fathers
           Kingdom
           ,
           dissembling
           his
           lust
           ,
           he
           enforced
           him
           to
           grant
           him
           the
           unlawful
           use
           of
           his
           body
           ,
           thinking
           that
           he
           would
           be
           more
           obsequious
           to
           him
           either
           through
           this
           familiarity
           of
           unlawful
           love
           ,
           or
           through
           the
           benefit
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ;
           therefore
           when
           he
           arrived
           to
           the
           age
           of
           twenty
           yeers
           ,
           he
           took
           the
           Kingdom
           from
           Arymbas
           and
           gave
           it
           unto
           him
           ,
           being
           unrighteous
           in
           both
           ,
           for
           that
           he
           observed
           not
           the
           rights
           of
           consanguinity
           in
           him
           f
           om
           whom
           he
           took
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           that
           he
           made
           him
           his
           prostitute
           before
           he
           made
           him
           a
           King
           unto
           whom
           he
           gave
           it
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           NINTH
           BOOK
           OF
           IVSTINE
           .
        
         
           WHen
           Philip
           had
           advanced
           into
           Greece
           ,
           sollicited
           by
           the
           plundering
           of
           a
           few
           Cities
           ,
           and
           finding
           by
           their
           riches
           how
           great
           was
           the
           wealth
           of
           them
           all
           ,
           he
           intended
           to
           make
           war
           upon
           all
           Greece
           ;
           and
           thinking
           that
           if
           he
           could
           be
           master
           of
           Bizantium
           a
           famous
           Sea-Town
           ,
           i●
           would
           much
           conduce
           to
           his
           affairs
           ,
           it
           being
           a
           gallant
           reserve
           both
           by
           Sea
           and
           Land
           ,
           he
           layd
           a
           fiege
           unto
           it
           shutting
           her
           Gates
           against
           him
           ▪
           This
           City
           was
           first
           builded
           by
           Pausanias
           King
           of
           the
           Sparians
           ,
           and
           possessed
           by
           him
           for
           th●
           
           space
           of
           seven
           yeers
           .
           Afterwards
           by
           the
           several
           inclinations
           of
           Victory
           ,
           it
           was
           sometimes
           in
           the
           power
           of
           the
           Lacedemonians
           ,
           and
           sometimes
           of
           the
           Athenians
           ,
           which
           uncertain
           possession
           was
           the
           cause
           that
           neither
           of
           them
           either
           helping
           it
           or
           owning
           it
           as
           their
           own
           ,
           she
           did
           more
           constantly
           maintain
           her
           liberty
           .
           Philip
           therefore
           being
           weary
           ,
           and
           his
           stock
           exhausted
           with
           the
           long
           delay
           of
           the
           siege
           ,
           made
           use
           of
           Piracy
           for
           the
           purchase
           of
           moneys
           ,
           and
           having
           taken
           one
           hundred
           and
           seventy
           ships
           ,
           he
           refreshed
           his
           Army
           distracted
           and
           languishing
           through
           want
           ;
           And
           that
           so
           great
           a
           power
           might
           not
           be
           held
           in
           a
           League●
           before
           one
           Town
           ,
           taking
           with
           him
           the
           most
           valiant
           of
           them
           ,
           he
           besie●ed
           many
           Cities
           of
           the
           Ch●●sonesians
           ,
           and
           sent
           for
           his
           son
           Alexander
           ,
           being
           then
           eighteen
           yeers
           of
           age
           to
           come
           unto
           him
           ,
           that
           he
           might
           learn
           under
           him
           the
           first
           rudiments
           of
           the
           War.
           
        
         
           He
           marched
           also
           into
           Scythia
           to
           see
           what
           plunder
           he
           could
           get
           there
           ,
           and
           like
           a
           Merchant
           he
           maintained
           one
           war
           by
           the
           profits
           of
           another
           .
           At
           that
           time
           Matthaeas
           was
           King
           of
           the
           Scythians
           ,
           who
           being
           oppressed
           by
           the
           war
           of
           the
           
             I
             strians
          
           did
           desire
           the
           assistance
           of
           Philip
           by
           the
           Apollonians
           ,
           promising
           to
           adopt
           him
           into
           the
           succession
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Scythia
           .
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           ,
           the
           King
           of
           the
           
             I
             strians
          
           dying
           ,
           delivered
           the
           Scythians
           both
           from
           the
           fear
           
           of
           the
           war
           ,
           and
           the
           need
           of
           assistance
           .
           Therefore
           Matthaeas
           having
           dismissed
           the
           Macedonians
           ,
           commanded
           them
           to
           acquaint
           Philip
           that
           he
           neither
           desired
           his
           ayd
           ,
           nor
           did
           intend
           his
           adoption
           ;
           for
           the
           Scythians
           ,
           he
           said
           ,
           did
           not
           need
           the
           revenge
           of
           the
           Macedonians
           ,
           being
           better
           men
           then
           themselves
           ,
           neither
           his
           Son
           being
           alive
           did
           he
           want
           an
           〈◊〉
           This
           being
           understood
           ,
           Philip
           sent
           Ambassadors
           to
           Matthaeas
           ,
           desiring
           of
           him
           to
           lend
           him
           some
           moneys
           towards
           the
           charge
           of
           the
           fiege
           ,
           least
           through
           want
           he
           should
           be
           enforced
           to
           forsake
           the
           war
           ,
           which
           the
           more
           re●dily
           he
           said
           he
           ought
           to
           do
           because
           he
           paid
           not
           the
           souldiers
           whom
           he
           sent
           unto
           his
           ayd
           ,
           who
           received
           nothing
           for
           their
           service
           nor
           for
           the
           charges
           of
           their
           march
           in
           the
           way
           .
           Matthaeas
           excusing
           himself
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           unkindness
           of
           the
           heaven
           ,
           &
           the
           barrenness
           of
           the
           earth
           ,
           that
           neither
           inriched
           the
           Scythians
           with
           Patrimonies
           ,
           nor
           allowed
           them
           sustenance
           ,
           made
           answer
           that
           he
           had
           no
           wealth
           wherewith
           to
           satisfie
           so
           great
           a
           King
           ,
           and
           therefore
           it
           were
           more
           honourable
           for
           him
           to
           deny
           him
           altogether
           then
           to
           contribute
           but
           a
           little
           to
           him
           ;
           the
           Scythians
           he
           said
           ,
           were
           esteemed
           not
           by
           their
           wealth
           ,
           but
           by
           the
           vertues
           of
           their
           minde
           ,
           &
           by
           the
           strength
           and
           hardness
           of
           their
           bodies
           .
           Philip
           finding
           himself
           de●ided
           ,
           having
           raised
           the
           fiege
           before
           Byzantium
           ,
           did
           advance
           against
           the
           Scythians
           ,
           who
           to
           make
           them
           the
           more
           secure
           did
           send
           Ambassadors
           
           to
           enform
           Matthaeas
           ,
           that
           when
           he
           besieged
           Byzantium
           ,
           he
           had
           vowed
           a
           Statue
           to
           Hercules
           ,
           and
           that
           he
           now
           came
           to
           erect
           it
           at
           the
           mouth
           of
           the
           River
           of
           Ister
           ;
           he
           therefore
           desired
           that
           coming
           as
           a
           friend
           to
           the
           Scythians
           ,
           he
           might
           be
           allowed
           a
           peaceable
           entrance
           to
           perform
           his
           religion
           to
           his
           god
           :
           Matthaeas
           made
           answer
           ,
           that
           if
           he
           would
           perform
           his
           vowes
           ,
           he
           should
           send
           the
           Effigies
           unto
           him
           ,
           and
           promised
           that
           it
           should
           not
           onely
           be
           erected
           accordingly
           as
           he
           desired
           ,
           but
           that
           it
           should
           stand
           inviolated
           .
           He
           sent
           him
           word
           that
           he
           could
           not
           give
           way
           that
           his
           Army
           should
           enter
           into
           his
           Dominions
           ,
           and
           if
           he
           should
           erect
           any
           Statue
           ,
           the
           Scythians
           being
           unwilling
           ,
           he
           would
           pull
           it
           down
           again
           ,
           when
           he
           was
           departed
           ,
           and
           convert
           the
           brass
           of
           the
           Statue
           into
           heads
           for
           arrows
           .
           With
           these
           passages
           the
           minds
           of
           both
           being
           much
           exasperated
           ,
           the
           battel
           was
           begun
           .
        
         
           The
           Scythians
           excell'd
           in
           vertue
           and
           valor
           ;
           howsoever
           they
           were
           overcome
           by
           the
           policy
           of
           Philip.
           There
           were
           taken
           twenty
           thousand
           women
           and
           children
           ,
           and
           a
           vast
           booty
           of
           Cattel
           ,
           but
           of
           gold
           and
           silver
           nothing
           at
           all
           :
           And
           although
           it
           were
           before
           reported
           ,
           it
           was
           at
           this
           time
           first
           of
           all
           believed
           how
           poor
           the
           Scythians
           were
           .
           Twenty
           thousand
           of
           their
           Mares
           of
           a
           brave
           race
           were
           sent
           into
           Macedonia
           for
           breed
           .
           But
           the
           Triballians
           did
           meet
           
           with
           Philip
           on
           his
           return
           from
           Scythia
           ;
           they
           denied
           to
           give
           him
           passage
           ,
           unless
           they
           received
           part
           of
           the
           prey
           ;
           From
           hence
           began
           the
           quarrel
           ,
           and
           by
           and
           by
           the
           fight
           ,
           in
           which
           Philip
           was
           so
           sorely
           wounded
           in
           his
           thigh
           ,
           that
           through
           his
           body
           his
           horse
           was
           killed
           ;
           when
           all
           conceived
           him
           to
           be
           slain
           ,
           the
           booty
           was
           all
           lost
           ;
           therefore
           the
           devoted
           spoyls
           of
           the
           Sythians
           were
           to
           be
           lamented
           rather
           than
           enjoyed
           by
           the
           Macedons
           ;
           as
           soon
           as
           he
           began
           to
           recover
           of
           his
           wound
           ,
           he
           brought
           upon
           the
           Athenians
           his
           long
           dissembled
           war
           ,
           to
           whose
           cause
           the
           Thebans
           did
           joyn
           themselves
           ,
           fearing
           least
           the
           Athenians
           being
           overcome
           ,
           the
           flames
           of
           the
           neighbouring
           war
           should
           whirle
           upon
           them
           .
        
         
           A
           league
           being
           therefore
           made
           betwixt
           the
           two
           Cities
           that
           not
           long
           before
           were
           at
           the
           greatest
           enmity
           ,
           they
           wearved
           Greece
           with
           their
           Ambassadors
           ,
           alleadging
           that
           the
           common
           Enemy
           was
           to
           be
           repelled
           by
           the
           common
           strength
           ;
           for
           they
           said
           that
           Philip
           would
           not
           leave
           off
           ,
           if
           the
           affairs
           at
           first
           succeeded
           according
           to
           his
           minde
           ,
           until
           he
           had
           subdued
           all
           Greece
           unto
           him
           .
           Some
           Cities
           being
           perswaded
           by
           the
           Athenians
           did
           unite
           themselves
           unto
           them
           ,
           but
           the
           fear
           of
           the
           war
           did
           draw
           many
           unto
           Philip
           :
           the
           battel
           being
           begun
           when
           the
           Athenians
           did
           much
           exceed
           in
           the
           number
           of
           the
           Souldiers
           ,
           they
           were
           overcome
           by
           the
           
           valor
           of
           the
           Macedons
           inured
           to
           daily
           wars
           ;
           howsoever
           they
           fell
           not
           unmindful
           of
           their
           antient
           glory
           ;
           for
           with
           honourable
           wounds
           they
           dying
           ,
           did
           all
           cover
           that
           place
           of
           the
           field
           with
           their
           bodies
           which
           their
           Captains
           did
           assign
           them
           to
           fight
           in
           .
        
         
           This
           day
           did
           set
           a
           period
           to
           all
           Greece
           ,
           in
           the
           respect
           of
           their
           antient
           liberty
           ,
           and
           the
           glory
           of
           the
           Soveraignty
           of
           their
           command
           .
           The
           joy
           of
           this
           Victory
           was
           craftily
           dissembled
           by
           Philip
           ,
           for
           he
           did
           not
           observe
           it
           as
           a
           day
           consecrated
           to
           Triumphs
           ;
           he
           was
           not
           seen
           to
           laugh
           at
           the
           banquet
           ;
           he
           neither
           crowned
           his
           head
           ,
           nor
           anointed
           his
           body
           ,
           and
           as
           much
           as
           in
           him
           was
           ,
           he
           so
           overcame
           that
           no
           man
           could
           perceive
           him
           to
           be
           a
           Conqueror
           :
           He
           commanded
           that
           he
           should
           not
           be
           called
           the
           King
           ,
           but
           the
           Captain
           of
           Greece
           ;
           and
           he
           so
           tempered
           himself
           betwixt
           a
           silent
           joy
           ,
           and
           the
           publick
           grief
           of
           his
           Enemies
           ,
           that
           his
           own
           Souldiers
           could
           not
           observe
           him
           to
           rejoyce
           ,
           nor
           his
           Enemies
           to
           insult
           .
           And
           though
           the
           Athenians
           were
           alwaies
           most
           pernicious
           to
           him
           ,
           yet
           he
           sent
           home
           their
           prisoners
           without
           ransome
           ,
           and
           restored
           the
           carkasses
           of
           the
           dead
           to
           burial
           ,
           and
           of
           his
           own
           accord
           gave
           order
           that
           they
           should
           be
           carryed
           to
           the
           Sepulchers
           of
           their
           Fathers
           :
           Moreover
           ,
           he
           sent
           his
           Son
           Alexander
           and
           his
           friend
           Antipater
           to
           Athens
           ,
           to
           establish
           a
           firm
           friendship
           and
           a
           peace
           betwixt
           
           them
           .
           But
           he
           was
           not
           so
           indulgent
           to
           the
           Thebans
           ;
           for
           he
           not
           onely
           sold
           their
           Captives
           but
           also
           the
           carkasses
           of
           their
           slain
           .
           Some
           of
           the
           Rulers
           of
           that
           City
           he
           beheaded
           ,
           some
           he
           forced
           into
           banishment
           ,
           and
           seized
           on
           all
           their
           goods
           ,
           and
           restored
           those
           into
           their
           Country
           who
           had
           been
           banished
           from
           it
           ,
           out
           of
           which
           number
           he
           appointed
           three
           hundred
           to
           be
           the
           Judges
           and
           Rulers
           of
           the
           City
           ,
           by
           whom
           when
           some
           of
           the
           most
           powerful
           of
           the
           Citizens
           were
           accused
           ,
           that
           unjustly
           they
           had
           driven
           them
           into
           banishment
           ,
           they
           were
           of
           that
           constancy
           ,
           they
           all
           in
           general
           confessed
           that
           they
           were
           all
           the
           Authors
           of
           it
           ,
           and
           with
           confidence
           affirmed
           that
           it
           was
           better
           with
           the
           Commonwealth
           by
           far
           when
           they
           were
           condemned
           persons
           ,
           then
           it
           could
           be
           now
           when
           they
           were
           restored
           .
        
         
           A
           wonderful
           confidence
           it
           was
           ;
           they
           passed
           a
           sentence
           as
           well
           as
           then
           they
           could
           ,
           on
           the
           Judges
           of
           their
           lifes
           and
           deaths
           ,
           and
           did
           contemn
           that
           absolution
           which
           their
           Enemies
           could
           give
           them
           ,
           and
           because
           they
           could
           not
           revenge
           by
           deeds
           ,
           they
           assumed
           to
           themselves
           a
           liberty
           by
           words
           .
        
         
           The
           affairs
           being
           thus
           composed
           in
           
             Greece
             ,
             Philip
          
           commanded
           that
           Ambassadors
           out
           of
           all
           the
           Cities
           should
           be
           called
           to
           Corinth
           ,
           to
           consider
           on
           the
           present
           occasions
           ,
           and
           to
           provide
           for
           the
           future
           :
           He
           there
           appointed
           to
           
           all
           Greece
           a
           condition
           of
           Peace
           ,
           according
           to
           the
           merits
           of
           every
           City
           ,
           and
           chose
           to
           himself
           a
           Counsel
           ,
           and
           as
           it
           were
           a
           Parliament
           out
           of
           all
           .
           The
           Lacedemonians
           onely
           did
           despise
           both
           the
           Law
           and
           the
           Law-giver
           ,
           affirming
           that
           it
           was
           a
           slavery
           and
           not
           a
           peace
           which
           was
           imposed
           upon
           them
           by
           the
           Conqueror
           ,
           and
           did
           not
           proceed
           from
           the
           Cities
           .
           After
           this
           the
           Auxiliaries
           of
           every
           City
           were
           listed
           ,
           by
           whom
           the
           King
           was
           to
           be
           assisted
           against
           any
           invasion
           ,
           or
           he
           being
           their
           General
           ,
           was
           to
           make
           war
           himself
           with
           them
           ,
           and
           to
           lead
           them
           forth
           against
           any
           Nation
           ;
           for
           it
           was
           not
           doubtful
           that
           the
           Empire
           of
           the
           Persians
           was
           the
           design
           of
           these
           great
           preparations
           .
           The
           number
           of
           his
           Auxiliaries
           of
           foot
           were
           two
           hundred
           thousand
           ,
           and
           fifteen
           thousand
           horse
           :
           Besides
           these
           ,
           there
           was
           the
           Army
           of
           Macedonia
           ,
           and
           an
           Army
           of
           the
           barbarous
           Nations
           who
           were
           contiguous
           to
           them
           .
           In
           the
           beginning
           of
           the
           Spring
           ,
           he
           sent
           three
           of
           his
           cheif
           Commanders
           into
           that
           part
           of
           Asia
           which
           was
           under
           the
           power
           of
           the
           
             Persians
             ,
             Parmenio
             ,
             Amyntas
          
           ,
           and
           Attalus
           ,
           whose
           sister
           he
           had
           lately
           marryed
           ;
           Olympias
           the
           Mother
           of
           Alexander
           being
           repudiated
           upon
           the
           suspition
           of
           incontinence
           .
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           until
           the
           Auxiliaries
           of
           Greece
           might
           be
           drawn
           into
           one
           body
           ,
           he
           did
           celebrate
           the
           Nuptials
           of
           his
           daughter
           Cleopatra
           ,
           and
           of
           Alexander
           
           whom
           he
           had
           made
           King
           of
           Epirus
           .
           The
           day
           was
           remarkable
           for
           the
           magnificence
           of
           the
           two
           Kings
           ,
           the
           one
           marrying
           ,
           the
           other
           giving
           his
           daughter
           in
           marriage
           :
           Neither
           was
           there
           wanting
           the
           delightfulness
           of
           Enterludes
           ,
           to
           the
           beholding
           whereof
           when
           Philip
           passed
           without
           a
           guard
           between
           the
           two
           Alexanders
           ,
           his
           Son-in-law
           ,
           and
           his
           own
           Son
           ,
           Pausanias
           one
           of
           the
           Nobility
           ,
           being
           suspected
           by
           no
           man
           ,
           did
           kill
           King
           Philip
           as
           he
           was
           passing
           through
           the
           crowd
           ,
           and
           made
           the
           day
           destined
           to
           mirth
           and
           marriage
           black
           with
           the
           lamentation
           of
           a
           Funeral
           :
           This
           Pausanias
           about
           the
           fourteenth
           yeer
           of
           his
           age
           ,
           was
           enforced
           to
           be
           a
           prostitute
           to
           Attalus
           ,
           to
           which
           indignity
           this
           ignominy
           was
           added
           ,
           that
           Attalus
           having
           afterwards
           brought
           him
           into
           the
           Banquet
           ,
           and
           made
           him
           drunk
           with
           wine
           ,
           did
           not
           onely
           expose
           him
           to
           his
           own
           lust
           ,
           but
           to
           the
           lust
           of
           all
           his
           guests
           ,
           and
           rendred
           him
           a
           common
           laughing
           stock
           amongst
           them
           all
           :
           Which
           Pausanias
           with
           great
           indignation
           resenting
           ,
           did
           oftentimes
           complain
           of
           it
           to
           Philip
           ;
           And
           finding
           that
           he
           was
           both
           deluded
           and
           delayed
           in
           his
           just
           complaints
           ,
           and
           that
           his
           Adversarie
           moreover
           was
           honoured
           with
           a
           new
           addition
           of
           power
           and
           greatness
           ,
           he
           converted
           his
           anger
           against
           Philip
           himself
           ,
           and
           that
           revenge
           which
           he
           could
           not
           have
           on
           his
           Adversary
           ,
           he
           took
           on
           his
           unrighteous
           Judge
           ,
           
           It
           is
           also
           believed
           that
           he
           was
           encouraged
           to
           it
           by
           Olympias
           the
           Mother
           of
           Alexander
           ,
           and
           that
           Alexander
           himself
           was
           not
           ignorant
           of
           the
           murther
           of
           his
           Father
           ;
           for
           Olympias
           was
           no
           less
           troubled
           at
           her
           divorce
           ,
           and
           that
           Cleopatra
           was
           perferr'd
           above
           her
           ,
           then
           Pausanias
           was
           at
           the
           violation
           of
           his
           honour
           .
           It
           was
           conceived
           also
           that
           Alexander
           suspected
           that
           his
           brother
           begot
           of
           his
           Step-mother
           ,
           did
           aspire
           unto
           the
           Kingdom
           ;
           and
           so
           far
           the
           jealousie
           did
           advance
           it self
           ,
           that
           at
           a
           former
           Banquet
           he
           first
           quarrelled
           with
           Attalus
           ,
           and
           afterwards
           with
           his
           Father
           ,
           insomuch
           that
           Philips
           did
           follow
           him
           from
           the
           Table
           with
           a
           drawn
           Sword
           ,
           and
           was
           hardly
           deteined
           by
           the
           intreaties
           of
           his
           friends
           from
           the
           slaughter
           of
           his
           son
           .
           Wherefore
           Alexander
           did
           first
           convey
           himself
           with
           his
           Mother
           to
           his
           Uncle
           in
           Epirus
           ,
           and
           from
           thence
           to
           the
           Kings
           of
           the
           Illyrians
           ,
           and
           was
           hardly
           afterwards
           reconciled
           to
           his
           Father
           ,
           and
           with
           much
           difficulty
           was
           perswaded
           by
           his
           kinsmen
           to
           return
           unto
           him
           .
           Olympias
           also
           did
           sollicite
           her
           brother
           Alexander
           the
           King
           of
           Epirus
           to
           undertake
           the
           war
           ,
           and
           had
           overcome
           him
           to
           it
           ,
           if
           the
           Father
           had
           not
           prevented
           his
           Son-in-law
           by
           the
           collocation
           of
           his
           daughter
           to
           him
           :
           With
           these
           provocations
           of
           jealousie
           and
           anger
           ,
           it
           is
           believed
           that
           both
           of
           them
           did
           incite
           Pausanias
           to
           the
           commission
           of
           so
           desperare
           
           an
           Act.
           Sure
           it
           is
           ,
           that
           Olympias
           had
           horses
           ready
           for
           Pausanias
           ,
           if
           it
           had
           been
           his
           fortune
           to
           have
           escaped
           ;
           and
           she
           her self
           ,
           the
           death
           of
           the
           King
           being
           understood
           ,
           when
           under
           the
           pretence
           of
           the
           duty
           ,
           she
           came
           in
           great
           haste
           that
           night
           to
           attend
           his
           Hearse
           ,
           she
           did
           impose
           on
           the
           very
           same
           night
           a
           Crown
           of
           Gold
           on
           the
           head
           of
           Pausanias
           then
           hanging
           on
           the
           Cross
           ,
           which
           none
           but
           she
           would
           have
           been
           so
           bold
           to
           have
           adventured
           ,
           the
           Son
           of
           Philip
           being
           alive
           .
           Some
           few
           daies
           after
           ,
           she
           caused
           his
           body
           to
           be
           taken
           off
           from
           the
           Cross
           and
           burn'd
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           same
           place
           she
           did
           erect
           him
           a
           Monument
           ,
           and
           struck
           such
           a
           superstition
           into
           the
           people
           ,
           that
           she
           provided
           that
           for
           the
           honor
           of
           his
           memory
           ,
           here
           should
           be
           yeerly
           made
           a
           parentation
           to
           him
           :
           After
           this
           ,
           she
           caused
           Cleopatra
           (
           for
           whose
           sake
           she
           was
           divorced
           from
           Philip
           ,
           having
           first
           in
           her
           own
           lap
           killed
           her
           daughter
           )
           to
           end
           her
           life
           by
           hanging
           ,
           and
           satisfied
           her
           revenge
           by
           beholding
           her
           in
           that
           lamentable
           posture
           swinging
           on
           the
           Tree
           .
           Last
           of
           all
           ,
           she
           consecrated
           that
           sword
           with
           which
           the
           King
           was
           slain
           to
           Apollo
           ,
           under
           the
           name
           of
           Myrtalis
           ;
           for
           so
           Olympias
           was
           called
           when
           she
           was
           a
           little
           one
           .
           All
           which
           was
           done
           so
           opnely
           ,
           that
           it
           may
           be
           seared
           least
           the
           fact
           committed
           by
           her
           were
           not
           approved
           by
           others
           :
           Philip
           deceased
           about
           the
           seven
           and
           fourtieth
           yeer
           of
           his
           age
           ,
           
           after
           he
           had
           reigned
           five
           and
           twenty
           yeers
           .
           He
           begat
           on
           Larissaea
           the
           Danceress
           Aridaeus
           ,
           who
           reigned
           after
           Alexander
           :
           He
           had
           also
           many
           other
           Sons
           from
           divers
           other
           marriages
           ,
           it
           being
           the
           custom
           of
           Kings
           to
           take
           them
           into
           Marriage
           as
           many
           as
           they
           pleased
           ;
           but
           they
           all
           dyed
           ,
           some
           by
           natural
           deaths
           ,
           and
           some
           by
           the
           sword
           .
           He
           was
           a
           King
           more
           studious
           of
           the
           preparations
           of
           Arms
           then
           Feasts
           ;
           his
           greatest
           riches
           were
           the
           utensils
           of
           war
           ,
           and
           yet
           he
           was
           more
           cunning
           to
           get
           riches
           then
           to
           perserve
           them
           ,
           which
           made
           them
           alwaies
           poor
           ,
           though
           he
           was
           alwaies
           plundering
           :
           Mercy
           and
           Treachery
           were
           in
           him
           equally
           beloved
           :
           No
           way
           whatsoever
           to
           overcome
           his
           Enemies
           did
           appear
           sordid
           to
           him
           ;
           In
           his
           discourse
           he
           was
           both
           pleasing
           and
           deceitful
           ,
           and
           one
           who
           would
           alwaies
           promise
           more
           then
           he
           would
           perform
           ;
           he
           was
           master
           of
           his
           Arts
           both
           in
           jeast
           and
           in
           earnest
           :
           He
           observed
           his
           friendships
           not
           by
           faithfulness
           but
           by
           profit
           :
           To
           dissemble
           love
           in
           hatred
           ,
           to
           plant
           sedition
           amongst
           friends
           ,
           and
           to
           insinuate
           himself
           both
           with
           friends
           and
           foes
           was
           his
           daily
           Custome
           :
           Excellent
           he
           was
           in
           Eloquence
           and
           in
           the
           acuteness
           of
           a
           fine
           flourish
           in
           his
           words
           ,
           full
           of
           delicate
           composures
           ,
           that
           neither
           facility
           was
           wanting
           to
           the
           ornament
           ▪
           nor
           the
           ornament
           of
           invention
           to
           the
           facility
           .
           Alexander
           did
           succeed
           him
           greater
           then
           his
           Father
           both
           in
           vertues
           
           and
           in
           vices
           .
           Their
           way
           was
           different
           in
           the
           Conquests
           they
           obtained
           :
           The
           Son
           mannaged
           his
           wars
           by
           apparent
           valour
           ,
           the
           Father
           by
           deceits
           :
           The
           Father
           joyned
           his
           Enemies
           being
           surprized
           ;
           the
           Son
           being
           openly
           overcome
           ;
           The
           Father
           more
           subtle
           in
           Counsel
           ;
           the
           Son
           more
           magnificent
           in
           minde
           ;
           The
           Father
           would
           commonly
           dissemble
           his
           passions
           ,
           and
           overcome
           them
           ;
           The
           Son
           inflam'd
           with
           rage
           knew
           neither
           how
           to
           delay
           ,
           not
           moderate
           his
           revenge
           ;
           Both
           of
           them
           were
           too
           greedy
           of
           wine
           ,
           but
           their
           vices
           in
           the
           excess
           were
           different
           .
           It
           was
           the
           custome
           of
           the
           Father
           from
           the
           Banket
           to
           advance
           against
           the
           Enemy
           ,
           to
           encounter
           him
           ,
           and
           unadvisedly
           to
           expose
           himself
           unto
           all
           dangers
           ;
           Alexander
           was
           more
           furious
           against
           his
           own
           friends
           then
           against
           his
           Enemies
           ;
           wherefore
           the
           battels
           have
           oftentimes
           sent
           back
           Philip
           wounded
           ,
           and
           his
           Son
           hath
           often
           come
           from
           the
           Banquet
           the
           killer
           of
           his
           Friends
           ;
           This
           would
           not
           reign
           over
           his
           friends
           ,
           the
           other
           would
           usurp
           and
           grow
           upon
           them
           ;
           Tbe
           Father
           did
           choose
           rather
           to
           be
           beloved
           ,
           the
           Son
           to
           be
           feared
           ;
           The
           love
           to
           Learning
           was
           equal
           to
           them
           both
           ▪
           The
           Father
           was
           more
           full
           of
           Policy
           ,
           the
           Son
           of
           Fidelity
           ;
           The
           Father
           more
           moderate
           in
           his
           speech
           ,
           the
           Son
           in
           his
           actions
           ,
           for
           he
           had
           alwayes
           a
           more
           ready
           and
           a
           more
           honest
           minde
           to
           be
           merciful
           to
           
           those
           whom
           he
           overcame
           ;
           The
           Father
           was
           addicted
           to
           thrift
           ,
           but
           the
           Son
           to
           excess
           :
           By
           these
           Arts
           the
           Father
           layd
           the
           foundation
           for
           the
           Conquest
           of
           the
           World
           ,
           and
           the
           Son
           accomplished
           the
           glory
           of
           the
           work
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           TENTH
           BOOK
           OF
           IVSTINE
           .
        
         
           ARtaxerxes
           King
           of
           the
           Persians
           had
           fifteen
           Sons
           by
           a
           hundred
           Concubines
           ,
           but
           he
           had
           onely
           three
           begotten
           in
           lawful
           marriage
           ;
           
             Darius
             ,
             Ariarctos
          
           ,
           and
           Occhus
           .
           Of
           these
           against
           the
           Lawes
           of
           the
           Persians
           ,
           amongst
           whom
           the
           Kingdom
           suffered
           no
           change
           but
           by
           death
           ,
           Artaxerxes
           being
           alive
           ,
           did
           out
           of
           his
           Fatherly
           indulgence
           make
           Darius
           King
           ,
           thinking
           that
           there
           was
           nothing
           taken
           from
           the
           Father
           which
           was
           conferr'd
           upon
           the
           Son
           ,
           and
           that
           he
           should
           take
           a
           sincerer
           joy
           in
           his
           paternal
           
           Interest
           ,
           if
           he
           alive
           did
           behold
           the
           Ensign
           of
           his
           Majesty
           in
           his
           Son.
           But
           Darius
           after
           these
           unaccustom'd
           examples
           of
           indulgence
           ,
           took
           counsel
           to
           kill
           his
           Father
           :
           He
           had
           been
           wicked
           enough
           ,
           if
           he
           onely
           had
           conceived
           the
           parricide
           in
           his
           minde
           ;
           but
           so
           much
           the
           more
           wicked
           ,
           that
           into
           the
           society
           of
           the
           villany
           he
           took
           his
           fifty
           brothers
           to
           be
           partakers
           of
           it
           ;
           Prodigious
           it
           was
           ,
           that
           in
           so
           great
           a
           number
           ,
           the
           parricide
           could
           not
           onely
           be
           contracted
           but
           concealed
           ,
           and
           that
           amongst
           fifty
           of
           his
           children
           there
           was
           not
           one
           found
           whom
           neither
           the
           Majesty
           of
           the
           King
           ,
           nor
           the
           reverence
           of
           an
           ancient
           man
           ,
           nor
           the
           indulgence
           of
           a
           Father
           ,
           could
           recal
           from
           so
           horrible
           an
           act
           .
           What
           was
           the
           name
           of
           a
           Father
           so
           vile
           amongst
           so
           great
           a
           number
           of
           his
           Sons
           ,
           that
           he
           who
           should
           be
           safe
           even
           against
           his
           Enemies
           by
           their
           defence
           ,
           being
           circumvented
           by
           their
           Treason
           ,
           should
           now
           be
           safer
           amongst
           his
           Enemies
           then
           amongst
           his
           own
           children
           ?
           The
           cause
           of
           the
           Parricide
           was
           far
           more
           wicked
           then
           the
           Parricide
           it self
           ;
           for
           Cyrus
           being
           slain
           in
           the
           brothers
           war
           ,
           as
           mention
           above
           is
           made
           ,
           Artaxerxes
           the
           King
           took
           his
           Concubine
           Aspasia
           into
           marriage
           ;
           Darius
           did
           demand
           that
           his
           Father
           should
           give
           her
           unto
           him
           ,
           as
           he
           had
           delivered
           up
           his
           Kingdom
           ,
           who
           being
           too
           indulgent
           to
           his
           children
           ,
           did
           promise
           at
           first
           that
           he
           would
           do
           it
           ,
           and
           not
           long
           after
           repenting
           hims●l●
           ,
           and
           honestly
           
           denying
           what
           rashly
           he
           had
           promised
           ,
           he
           made
           her
           a
           Prioress
           in
           the
           Temple
           of
           the
           Sun
           ,
           whereby
           a
           perpetual
           abstinence
           from
           all
           men
           was
           religiously
           imposed
           on
           her
           .
           The
           young
           man
           being
           much
           incensed
           at
           it
           ,
           did
           first
           quarrel
           with
           his
           Father
           ;
           and
           not
           long
           after
           having
           made
           a
           conspiracy
           with
           his
           brothers
           ,
           whiles
           he
           sought
           to
           betray
           his
           Father
           ,
           being
           discovered
           and
           apprehended
           with
           his
           Associates
           ,
           they
           expiated
           with
           their
           blood
           the
           designed
           Parricide
           ,
           and
           did
           punishment
           to
           the
           Gods
           the
           Revengers
           of
           paternal
           Majesty
           .
           The
           Wives
           also
           of
           them
           all
           with
           all
           their
           children
           were
           put
           to
           death
           ,
           that
           there
           should
           not
           be
           so
           much
           as
           a
           shadow
           to
           be
           seen
           of
           so
           great
           a
           villany
           .
           After
           this
           Artaxerxes
           having
           contracted
           a
           disease
           by
           the
           excess
           of
           grief
           deceased
           himself
           a
           happier
           King
           then
           a
           Father
           .
        
         
           The
           Inheritance
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           by
           order
           of
           succession
           was
           devolved
           on
           Occhus
           ,
           who
           fearing
           the
           like
           conspiracy
           ,
           did
           fill
           the
           Court
           with
           the
           slaughter
           of
           his
           kinsmen
           ,
           and
           the
           ruins
           of
           the
           Princes
           ,
           being
           touched
           with
           no
           compassion
           in
           the
           respect
           either
           of
           blood
           ,
           or
           sex
           ,
           or
           age
           ;
           belike
           that
           he
           might
           not
           be
           more
           innocent
           then
           the
           Parricides
           his
           brothers
           .
        
         
           And
           having
           as
           it
           were
           thus
           purified
           his
           Kingdom
           ,
           he
           made
           war
           upon
           the
           Armenians
           ;
           in
           which
           one
           of
           the
           Enemies
           having
           sent
           a
           challenge
           to
           try
           his
           force
           in
           Arms
           with
           any
           in
           a
           
           single
           fight
           ,
           Codoman
           with
           the
           good
           opinion
           of
           all
           ,
           advanced
           to
           encounter
           him
           ,
           who
           the
           Enemy
           being
           slain
           ,
           did
           restore
           both
           victory
           to
           the
           Persians
           and
           almost
           their
           lost
           glory
           .
           For
           this
           atchievement
           so
           gallantly
           performed
           ,
           he
           was
           made
           Governor
           of
           the
           Armenians
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           process
           of
           time
           ,
           after
           the
           death
           of
           Occhus
           in
           the
           memory
           of
           his
           ancient
           valor
           ,
           he
           was
           chosen
           King
           by
           the
           people
           ,
           and
           being
           honoured
           with
           the
           name
           of
           Darius
           ,
           that
           nothing
           might
           be
           wanting
           to
           the
           regal
           Majesty
           ,
           he
           a
           long
           time
           mannaged
           the
           war
           with
           great
           courage
           ;
           but
           uncertain
           fortune
           against
           Alexander
           the
           Great
           ;
           at
           the
           last
           ,
           being
           overcome
           by
           him
           ,
           and
           slain
           by
           his
           own
           kinsmen
           ,
           he
           ended
           his
           life
           with
           the
           Empire
           of
           the
           Persians
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           ELEVENTH
           BOOK
           OF
           IVSTINE
           .
        
         
           AS
           there
           were
           divers
           Nations
           in
           the
           Army
           of
           Philip
           ,
           so
           he
           being
           slain
           ,
           there
           were
           divers
           agitations
           of
           minds
           in
           his
           Army
           :
           Some
           being
           oppressed
           with
           the
           injury
           of
           servitude
           did
           advance
           themselves
           to
           some
           hope
           of
           liberty
           ;
           others
           not
           pleased
           with
           the
           tediousness
           of
           so
           remote
           a
           war
           ,
           did
           rejoyce
           that
           the
           expedition
           would
           be
           remitted
           :
           Some
           there
           were
           who
           lamented
           that
           the
           torch
           lighted
           for
           the
           marriage
           of
           the
           daughter
           should
           be
           now
           imployed
           to
           be
           put
           under
           the
           pile
           of
           the
           Father
           .
           
           And
           no
           small
           fear
           it
           was
           that
           possessed
           his
           friends
           at
           so
           sudden
           a
           Change
           of
           the
           affairs
           ,
           revolving
           in
           their
           minds
           how
           much
           Asia
           was
           provoked
           before
           Europe
           was
           subdued
           ,
           and
           how
           unfaithful
           and
           uncertain
           were
           the
           Illyrians
           ,
           the
           Thracians
           and
           Dardaneans
           and
           others
           of
           the
           barbarous
           Nations
           that
           were
           adjacent
           to
           them
           ,
           which
           people
           if
           they
           should
           all
           revolt
           together
           ,
           it
           was
           impossible
           to
           redress
           it
           .
        
         
           In
           these
           destractions
           the
           coming
           of
           Alexander
           was
           as
           a
           Soveraign
           remedy
           ,
           who
           in
           a
           set
           speech
           did
           for
           the
           present
           so
           perswade
           and
           comfort
           the
           Souldiers
           ,
           that
           he
           took
           off
           all
           fear
           from
           the
           timerous
           ,
           and
           did
           raise
           the
           opinion
           of
           all
           into
           a
           great
           hope
           of
           him
           :
           He
           was
           then
           but
           twenty
           yeers
           of
           age
           ,
           in
           which
           he
           so
           moderately
           promised
           so
           much
           that
           it
           might
           appear
           to
           all
           that
           he
           reserved
           more
           for
           the
           proof
           .
           He
           gave
           to
           the
           Macedonians
           the
           immunity
           of
           all
           things
           ,
           unless
           a
           discharge
           from
           the
           wat
           's
           ,
           by
           which
           he
           so
           much
           attracted
           their
           love
           ,
           that
           they
           said
           they
           had
           changed
           onely
           the
           body
           ,
           but
           not
           the
           vertue
           nor
           the
           valor
           of
           the
           King.
           The
           first
           care
           he
           had
           was
           for
           his
           Fathers
           obsequies
           at
           which
           he
           gave
           a
           charge
           above
           all
           things
           that
           all
           who
           were
           guilty
           of
           his
           Fathers
           death
           should
           be
           slain
           before
           the
           Tombe
           of
           his
           Father
           ;
           he
           onely
           reprieved
           Alexander
           the
           brother
           of
           the
           Lyncestae
           ,
           preserving
           in
           him
           the
           inaguration
           into
           his
           dignity
           ;
           for
           he
           was
           
           the
           first
           that
           did
           salute
           him
           King.
           He
           also
           took
           care
           that
           his
           brother
           Caraunus
           born
           of
           his
           Step-mother
           ,
           who
           aspired
           to
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           should
           be
           put
           to
           death
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           first
           beginning
           of
           his
           Reign
           he
           awed
           many
           Nations
           that
           were
           about
           to
           rebel
           ,
           &
           appeased
           divers
           seditions
           in
           the
           East
           ,
           and
           joyful
           at
           the
           success
           of
           his
           proceedings
           he
           marched
           privately
           into
           Greece
           ,
           where
           having
           called
           all
           the
           Cities
           to
           Corinth
           after
           the
           example
           of
           his
           Father
           ,
           he
           was
           made
           General
           in
           his
           place
           .
           After
           this
           ,
           he
           did
           go
           on
           with
           the
           preparations
           for
           the
           Persian
           war
           ,
           which
           was
           begun
           by
           his
           Father
           ;
           and
           being
           altogether
           imployed
           to
           make
           provision
           for
           it
           ,
           he
           was
           enformed
           that
           the
           
             Athenians
             ,
             Thebans
          
           ,
           and
           Lacedemonians
           had
           revolted
           from
           him
           to
           the
           Persians
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           Author
           of
           that
           treachery
           was
           Demosthenes
           the
           Orator
           ,
           who
           was
           corrupted
           by
           the
           Persians
           with
           a
           great
           sum
           of
           gold
           :
           He
           alledged
           that
           all
           the
           Forces
           of
           the
           Macedonians
           were
           overthrown
           by
           the
           Triballians
           with
           their
           King
           ,
           and
           in
           his
           speech
           composed
           for
           that
           purpose
           ,
           he
           produced
           his
           Author
           before
           the
           people
           ,
           who
           affirmed
           that
           he
           was
           wounded
           in
           the
           same
           battel
           wherein
           the
           King
           was
           slain
           :
           By
           which
           report
           the
           resolutions
           of
           almost
           all
           the
           Citizens
           being
           startled
           ,
           they
           resolved
           to
           shake
           off
           the
           Garrisons
           of
           the
           Macedons
           ;
           to
           meet
           with
           and
           to
           prevent
           
           these
           difficulties
           ,
           he
           marched
           into
           Greece
           with
           so
           much
           speed
           ,
           and
           with
           so
           gallant
           and
           so
           prepared
           an
           Army
           ,
           that
           whom
           they
           knew
           not
           of
           to
           come
           ,
           they
           could
           hardly
           believe
           they
           saw
           .
           In
           his
           way
           he
           exhorted
           the
           Thessalians
           ,
           and
           did
           put
           them
           in
           minde
           of
           the
           benefits
           of
           Philip
           his
           Father
           to
           them
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           neer
           relations
           of
           his
           Mother
           descended
           from
           the
           generation
           of
           the
           Aeacidans
           .
           His
           exhortation
           was
           agreeable
           to
           the
           Thessalians
           ;
           they
           created
           him
           General
           of
           Greece
           after
           the
           example
           of
           his
           Father
           ,
           and
           delivered
           to
           him
           all
           their
           tributes
           and
           revenews
           .
           But
           the
           Athenians
           as
           they
           were
           the
           first
           in
           the
           revolt
           ,
           so
           they
           began
           to
           be
           the
           first
           in
           repentance
           ,
           and
           turning
           the
           contempt
           of
           their
           Enemy
           into
           their
           admiration
           of
           him
           ,
           they
           extoll'd
           the
           youth
           of
           Alexander
           despised
           before
           above
           the
           vertue
           of
           the
           ancient
           Captains
           ;
           Ambassadors
           therefore
           being
           sent
           ,
           they
           besought
           a
           forbearance
           of
           the
           war
           ;
           Alexander
           having
           heard
           them
           and
           severely
           reprehended
           them
           ,
           did
           remit
           the
           war.
           After
           this
           he
           advanced
           against
           the
           Thebans
           ,
           and
           would
           have
           exercised
           the
           same
           indulgence
           towards
           them
           ,
           if
           he
           had
           found
           the
           same
           repentance
           ;
           but
           the
           Thebans
           were
           resolved
           to
           make
           use
           of
           their
           Arms
           ,
           and
           not
           of
           entreaties
           or
           deprecations
           .
           Being
           overcome
           ,
           they
           endured
           the
           heaviest
           punishments
           of
           the
           most
           miserable
           captivity
           :
           
           When
           a
           Councel
           was
           called
           to
           debate
           on
           the
           utter
           destruction
           of
           the
           City
           ,
           the
           Phocensian●
           and
           Plataeans
           ,
           the
           Thespians
           and
           Orchomaenians
           the
           Associates
           of
           the
           Macedonians
           ,
           and
           the
           partakers
           with
           Alexander
           in
           this
           victory
           ,
           did
           demonstrate
           to
           him
           the
           ruines
           of
           their
           own
           Cities
           ,
           and
           the
           cruelty
           of
           the
           Thebans
           ,
           charging
           them
           with
           their
           inclinations
           towards
           the
           Persians
           against
           the
           liberty
           of
           Greece
           ,
           not
           onely
           for
           the
           present
           ,
           but
           for
           the
           continuance
           of
           many
           Ages
           ,
           for
           which
           cause
           the
           hatred
           of
           all
           people
           was
           upon
           them
           to
           be
           manifested
           ,
           by
           this
           that
           they
           have
           all
           bound
           themselves
           by
           an
           oath
           ,
           the
           Persians
           being
           overcome
           ,
           to
           pull
           down
           Thebes
           .
           To
           this
           they
           added
           the
           fables
           of
           their
           former
           abhominations
           ,
           with
           which
           they
           have
           filled
           all
           Scenes
           ,
           insomuch
           that
           they
           are
           to
           be
           abhorred
           ,
           not
           onely
           for
           their
           present
           treachery
           ,
           but
           for
           their
           ancient
           infamy
           .
           Eleadas
           one
           of
           the
           Captives
           having
           obtained
           liberty
           to
           speak
           ,
           did
           alledge
           that
           they
           did
           not
           revolt
           from
           the
           King
           whom
           they
           heard
           to
           be
           slain
           ,
           but
           from
           the
           heirs
           of
           the
           King
           ;
           and
           what
           by
           them
           was
           committed
           ,
           was
           not
           so
           much
           by
           the
           guilt
           of
           treachery
           as
           by
           the
           provocation
           of
           cruelty
           ,
           for
           which
           already
           they
           had
           endured
           grievous
           punishments
           ;
           their
           youth
           being
           overthrown
           ,
           there
           remained
           onely
           he
           said
           ,
           a
           company
           of
           old
           men
           and
           women
           ,
           who
           were
           as
           weak
           as
           they
           were
           harmless
           ,
           
           and
           were
           so
           vex'd
           with
           adulteries
           and
           reproaches
           ,
           that
           they
           never
           endured
           any
           thing
           more
           grievous
           ;
           he
           intreated
           not
           he
           said
           for
           the
           Citizens
           who
           were
           so
           few
           ,
           but
           for
           the
           innocent
           ground
           of
           his
           Country
           ,
           and
           for
           the
           City
           which
           had
           not
           onely
           brought
           forth
           men
           but
           gods
           :
           He
           supestitiously
           conjured
           the
           King
           by
           the
           remembrance
           of
           Hercules
           ,
           who
           was
           born
           amongst
           them
           ,
           and
           from
           whom
           the
           Nation
           of
           the
           Aeacidans
           did
           derive
           their
           Original
           ,
           that
           he
           would
           forbear
           all
           further
           execution
           :
           He
           besought
           ,
           his
           father
           Philip
           having
           had
           his
           education
           in
           that
           City
           ,
           that
           he
           would
           vouchsafe
           to
           spare
           it
           ,
           it
           being
           the
           City
           which
           adored
           some
           of
           his
           Ancestors
           being
           born
           gods
           amongst
           them
           ,
           and
           which
           saw
           others
           who
           being
           there
           brought
           up
           were
           Kings
           of
           the
           supreamest
           dignity
           .
           But
           anger
           was
           more
           powerful
           then
           prayer
           ;
           the
           City
           therefore
           was
           levell'd
           to
           the
           ground
           :
           the
           Fields
           were
           divided
           amongst
           the
           Conquerors
           ;
           the
           Captives
           were
           sold
           ,
           whose
           prizes
           were
           set
           not
           for
           the
           profit
           of
           the
           Buyers
           ,
           but
           at
           the
           rate
           of
           the
           hatred
           of
           the
           Enemy
           .
           Their
           sad
           condition
           was
           lamented
           by
           the
           Athenians
           ,
           who
           opened
           their
           Gates
           to
           receive
           them
           against
           the
           mandate
           of
           the
           King
           :
           which
           Alexander
           took
           so
           grievously
           ,
           that
           the
           Athenians
           by
           a
           second
           Ambassy
           beseeching
           him
           to
           forbear
           the
           war
           ;
           he
           did
           remit
           it
           on
           that
           condition
           ,
           that
           their
           Orators
           and
           Captains
           
           by
           whose
           confidence
           they
           so
           often
           had
           rebelled
           ,
           might
           be
           delivered
           to
           him
           ;
           into
           so
           great
           a
           strait
           the
           Athenians
           were
           brought
           ,
           that
           rather
           then
           undergo
           the
           war
           ,
           their
           Orators
           being
           retained
           ,
           their
           Captains
           were
           sent
           into
           banishment
           ,
           who
           immediately
           going
           to
           Darius
           ,
           were
           of
           no
           small
           moment
           in
           the
           Army
           of
           the
           
             Persians
             ;
             Alexander
          
           being
           now
           wholy
           design'd
           ▪
           on
           the
           Persian
           war
           did
           put
           to
           death
           those
           kindred
           of
           his
           step-mothers
           ,
           whom
           Philip
           advancing
           to
           the
           places
           of
           highest
           dignity
           had
           set
           over
           the
           Kingdom
           ;
           neither
           was
           he
           more
           indulgent
           to
           those
           who
           were
           more
           neer
           unto
           him
           ,
           if
           they
           nourished
           aspiring
           thoughts
           and
           were
           fit
           for
           Government
           ,
           that
           no
           occasion
           of
           sedition
           might
           call
           him
           back
           being
           imployed
           in
           his
           war
           in
           Asia
           ;
           &
           he
           took
           into
           the
           war
           those
           Pensioners
           of
           the
           King
           with
           him
           ,
           the
           abilities
           of
           whose
           understandings
           were
           more
           eminent
           then
           their
           fellows
           ,
           leaving
           those
           who
           were
           of
           any
           age
           and
           gravity
           behind
           him
           for
           the
           defence
           of
           his
           Kingdom
           .
           After
           this
           ,
           having
           drawn
           his
           Army
           all
           into
           one
           Body
           ,
           he
           speedily
           embarked
           them
           ,
           and
           being
           come
           into
           the
           sight
           of
           Asia
           ,
           being
           inflamed
           with
           an
           incredible
           ardor
           of
           spirit
           ,
           he
           erected
           twelve
           Altars
           ,
           where
           he
           made
           his
           vowes
           to
           the
           gods
           of
           war
           :
           He
           divided
           all
           the
           Patrimony
           which
           he
           had
           in
           Macedonia
           and
           in
           Europe
           amongst
           his
           friends
           ,
           alledging
           
           that
           Asia
           was
           sufficient
           for
           himself
           ;
           And
           before
           that
           any
           of
           his
           ships
           put
           forth
           to
           Sea
           ,
           he
           offered
           sacrifices
           ,
           desiring
           Victory
           in
           this
           war
           ,
           in
           which
           he
           was
           to
           be
           the
           Revenger
           of
           Greece
           so
           often
           invaded
           by
           the
           Persians
           ;
           whose
           Empire
           was
           great
           ,
           old
           ,
           and
           over-ripe
           ,
           it
           being
           now
           high
           time
           that
           it
           should
           receive
           others
           by
           turns
           ,
           who
           could
           do
           better
           :
           Neither
           were
           the
           presageful
           resolutions
           of
           his
           Army
           less
           then
           his
           own
           ;
           for
           all
           of
           them
           forgetting
           their
           wives
           and
           children
           ,
           and
           the
           war
           that
           was
           to
           be
           mannaged
           so
           far
           from
           their
           own
           Country
           ,
           did
           propound
           unto
           themselves
           the
           Persian
           Gold
           ,
           and
           the
           Riches
           of
           all
           the
           East
           as
           already
           their
           own
           booty
           :
           when
           they
           drew
           neer
           unto
           the
           Continent
           ,
           Alexander
           first
           of
           all
           did
           throw
           a
           dart
           as
           into
           the
           hostile
           La●d
           ,
           and
           in
           his
           Armor
           leaping
           on
           the
           shoar
           and
           valting
           aloft
           ,
           did
           cut
           a
           fine
           caper
           or
           two
           ;
           he
           there
           offered
           sacrifices
           ,
           praying
           that
           those
           Countries
           would
           not
           unwillingly
           receive
           him
           their
           King
           :
           In
           Ilium
           also
           he
           did
           parentate
           to
           the
           Tombs
           of
           those
           who
           fell
           in
           the
           Trojan
           war
           ;
           advancing
           afterwards
           towards
           the
           Enemy
           ,
           he
           caused
           a
           Proclamation
           to
           be
           published
           ,
           forbidding
           his
           Souldiers
           to
           plunder
           ,
           alledging
           that
           they
           must
           spare
           their
           own
           goods
           ,
           nor
           destroy
           those
           things
           which
           they
           came
           to
           possess
           .
        
         
           In
           his
           Army
           there
           were
           two
           and
           thirty
           thousand
           foot
           ,
           and
           four
           thousand
           and
           five
           hundred
           
           horse
           ,
           and
           a
           Fleet
           consisting
           of
           one
           hundred
           and
           fourscore
           and
           two
           ships
           .
           With
           this
           so
           inconsiderable
           an
           Army
           ,
           it
           is
           hard
           to
           say
           whether
           he
           more
           wonderfully
           overcame
           all
           the
           World
           ,
           or
           that
           he
           durst
           undertake
           to
           do
           it
           ,
           especially
           when
           to
           so
           dangerous
           a
           war
           he
           chose
           not
           an
           Army
           of
           robustious
           men
           ,
           or
           in
           the
           first
           flower
           of
           their
           youth
           ,
           but
           old
           Souldiers
           ,
           and
           some
           who
           by
           the
           Laws
           of
           war
           were
           to
           be
           dismissed
           by
           reason
           of
           their
           Age
           ,
           and
           who
           had
           served
           in
           the
           wars
           of
           his
           Father
           and
           his
           Grandfather
           ,
           that
           you
           would
           have
           taken
           them
           to
           be
           selected
           masters
           of
           the
           war
           rather
           then
           Souldiers
           ;
           neither
           in
           the
           first
           files
           or
           ranks
           was
           any
           a
           leading
           man
           who
           was
           not
           threescore
           yeers
           of
           age
           ,
           insomuch
           that
           had
           you
           beheld
           the
           order
           of
           their
           Camp
           ,
           you
           would
           have
           said
           that
           you
           had
           seen
           a
           Senate
           of
           some
           ancient
           Commonwealth
           .
           Therefore
           in
           the
           battel
           no
           man
           thought
           of
           flight
           but
           of
           Victory
           ,
           neither
           did
           they
           put
           any
           hope
           in
           the
           nimbleness
           of
           their
           feet
           ,
           but
           in
           the
           strength
           of
           their
           Arms.
           
        
         
           On
           the
           other
           side
           ,
           Darius
           King
           of
           the
           Persians
           in
           the
           confidence
           of
           his
           strength
           ,
           affirmed
           that
           nothing
           was
           to
           be
           done
           by
           circumvention
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           close
           counsel
           of
           a
           stollen
           Victory
           was
           not
           suitable
           to
           his
           greatness
           :
           He
           thought
           it
           more
           honourable
           to
           drive
           back
           the
           war
           then
           not
           to
           admit
           it
           ,
           and
           not
           to
           prohibite
           the
           Enemy
           into
           his
           Confines
           ,
           but
           to
           receive
           him
           into
           
           his
           Kingdom
           .
           The
           first
           battel
           was
           in
           the
           Plain
           of
           Adrastum
           ,
           where
           there
           being
           six
           hundred
           thousand
           in
           the
           Army
           of
           the
           Persians
           ,
           they
           were
           put
           to
           flight
           ,
           being
           overcome
           as
           much
           by
           the
           policy
           of
           Alexander
           as
           by
           the
           courage
           of
           the
           Macedons
           ;
           great
           was
           the
           slaughter
           of
           the
           Persians
           ;
           in
           the
           Army
           of
           Alexander
           there
           were
           slain
           but
           nine
           foot-men
           ,
           and
           one
           hundred
           and
           twenty
           horse
           ,
           whom
           for
           the
           encouragement
           of
           their
           fellows
           ,
           the
           King
           caused
           to
           be
           honourably
           enterred
           ,
           and
           commanded
           Statues
           to
           be
           cut
           for
           them
           ,
           as
           for
           some
           memorable
           Commanders
           ,
           and
           gave
           priviledges
           of
           immunity
           to
           all
           their
           kindred
           .
           After
           this
           victory
           ,
           the
           greater
           part
           of
           Asia
           did
           submit
           unto
           him
           ;
           He
           also
           made
           many
           wars
           with
           the
           Lieutenants
           of
           Darius
           whom
           he
           overcame
           not
           so
           much
           by
           arms
           as
           by
           the
           terror
           of
           his
           Name
           .
           Whiles
           those
           things
           were
           thus
           managed
           ,
           he
           understood
           by
           one
           of
           his
           Captives
           ,
           that
           a
           treason
           was
           plotted
           against
           him
           by
           Alexander
           of
           Lynceste
           ,
           the
           Son-in-law
           of
           Antipater
           ,
           who
           was
           the
           Kings
           Lieutenant
           in
           Macedonia
           ,
           and
           fearing
           that
           if
           he
           should
           put
           him
           to
           death
           ,
           it
           might
           occasion
           some
           tumult
           in
           Macedonia
           ,
           he
           onely
           confined
           him
           to
           Imprisonment
           and
           Bonds
           ;
           After
           this
           ,
           he
           advanced
           to
           the
           City
           of
           Gordium
           ,
           which
           is
           situated
           between
           both
           the
           Phrygias
           ,
           which
           City
           he
           desired
           to
           be
           master
           of
           ,
           not
           so
           much
           for
           the
           booty
           ,
           as
           for
           that
           he
           understood
           that
           in
           that
           City
           in
           
           the
           Temple
           of
           Jupiter
           ,
           there
           was
           consecrated
           the
           plough
           of
           Gordius
           ,
           the
           knots
           of
           whose
           cord
           if
           any
           could
           unlose
           ,
           the
           Oracle
           did
           persage
           of
           old
           that
           he
           should
           raign
           over
           all
           Asia
           .
           The
           cause
           and
           original
           was
           from
           this
           ;
           When
           Gardius
           was
           ploughing
           in
           this
           Country
           with
           his
           Oxen
           ,
           great
           flights
           of
           birds
           of
           all
           sorts
           did
           flie
           round
           about
           him
           ,
           and
           repairing
           to
           the
           Augurs
           of
           the
           next
           City
           to
           know
           the
           reason
           of
           it
           ,
           he
           met
           in
           the
           Gate
           of
           the
           City
           a
           Virgin
           of
           an
           excellent
           beauty
           ,
           and
           having
           demanded
           of
           her
           to
           what
           Augur
           he
           should
           more
           particularly
           address
           himself
           ,
           she
           having
           understood
           the
           occasion
           ,
           and
           having
           some
           knowledge
           herself
           in
           the
           Art
           ,
           by
           the
           instructions
           of
           her
           Parents
           ,
           did
           make
           answer
           that
           the
           Kingdom
           was
           presaged
           to
           him
           ,
           and
           did
           offer
           her self
           the
           companion
           of
           his
           hope
           ,
           and
           to
           be
           his
           companion
           in
           marriage
           .
           So
           ●air
           a
           condition
           did
           seem
           to
           be
           the
           first
           felicity
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           .
           After
           the
           marriage
           ,
           there
           did
           arise
           a
           sedition
           amongst
           the
           Phrygians
           ;
           and
           counsel
           being
           asked
           ,
           what
           a
           period
           should
           be
           put
           unto
           the
           differences
           :
           and
           when
           the
           Oracles
           did
           answer
           ,
           That
           to
           end
           the
           discord
           there
           was
           need
           of
           a
           King
           ;
           and
           it
           being
           demanded
           again
           ,
           who
           should
           be
           the
           King
           :
           They
           were
           commanded
           to
           make
           him
           King
           whom
           they
           should
           finde
           with
           a
           Plough
           entring
           into
           the
           Temple
           of
           
             Jupiter
             .
             Gordius
          
           was
           the
           man
           whom
           presently
           they
           saluted
           as
           their
           King.
           
           He
           consecrated
           to
           Regal
           Majesty
           in
           the
           Temple
           of
           Jupiter
           the
           Plough
           by
           which
           the
           Kingdom
           was
           conferr'd
           on
           him
           .
           After
           him
           there
           reigned
           his
           Son
           Midas
           ,
           who
           being
           instructed
           by
           Orpheus
           with
           the
           solemnities
           belonging
           to
           the
           worship
           of
           their
           gods
           ,
           did
           fill
           all
           Phrygia
           with
           Religion
           and
           Ceremonies
           ,
           by
           which
           during
           the
           whole
           course
           of
           his
           life
           ,
           he
           was
           safer
           then
           by
           his
           Arms.
           
        
         
           Alexander
           therefore
           ,
           the
           City
           being
           taken
           ,
           when
           he
           came
           into
           the
           Temple
           of
           Jupiter
           ,
           he
           demanded
           where
           the
           Plough
           was
           ,
           which
           being
           shewed
           unto
           him
           ,
           when
           he
           could
           not
           discover
           the
           ends
           of
           the
           cord
           lying
           hid
           among
           the
           multiplicity
           of
           the
           foldings
           ,
           he
           gave
           a
           violent
           interpretation
           to
           the
           sense
           of
           the
           Oracle
           ,
           and
           cutting
           the
           cords
           asunder
           with
           his
           sword
           ,
           he
           found
           the
           ends
           lying
           undiscovered
           in
           the
           mysterie
           of
           the
           twists
           .
           Whiles
           he
           was
           doing
           this
           ,
           he
           was
           informed
           that
           Darius
           was
           approaching
           to
           give
           him
           battel
           with
           a
           formidable
           Army
           .
           Therefore
           fearing
           the
           danger
           of
           the
           streights
           ,
           he
           in
           a
           swift
           march
           did
           lead
           his
           Army
           over
           the
           Mountain
           of
           Taurus
           ;
           in
           which
           expedition
           ,
           his
           foot
           without
           any
           respite
           did
           run
           five
           hundred
           furlongs
           :
           When
           he
           came
           unto
           Tarsus
           ,
           being
           taken
           with
           pleasantness
           of
           the
           River
           Cydnus
           running
           through
           the
           midst
           of
           the
           City
           ,
           having
           unbuckled
           his
           Armor
           ,
           and
           being
           covered
           with
           sweat
           and
           dust
           ,
           he
           threw
           himself
           into
           the
           River
           
           which
           ,
           was
           extreamly
           cold
           .
           On
           an
           sudden
           ;
           so
           great
           and
           so
           chilling
           a
           benumnedness
           did
           posses
           every
           joynt
           ,
           that
           being
           speechless
           ,
           the
           danger
           could
           be
           neither
           deferred
           ,
           nor
           any
           hope
           o●
           remedy
           admitted
           .
           There
           was
           one
           of
           his
           Physitians
           Philip
           by
           Name
           who
           promised
           to
           give
           a
           redress
           unto
           his
           evil
           ,
           but
           some
           letters
           sent
           the
           day
           before
           by
           Parmenio
           from
           Cappodocia
           did
           render
           him
           suspected
           to
           the
           King
           ,
           who
           not
           knowing
           of
           Alexander's
           sickness
           did
           write
           unto
           him
           to
           have
           a
           careful
           eye
           on
           Philip
           his
           Physitian
           ,
           because
           he
           was
           corrupted
           by
           Darius
           with
           a
           great
           sum
           of
           money
           ;
           howsoever
           thinking
           it
           safer
           to
           doubt
           the
           trust
           of
           his
           Physitian
           ,
           then
           his
           undoubted
           disease
           ,
           having
           received
           the
           Cup
           ,
           he
           delivered
           the
           letters
           to
           him
           ,
           &
           sted
           fastly
           did
           behold
           him
           as
           he
           drank
           the
           physick
           :
           Having
           observed
           h●m
           to
           be
           not
           moved
           at
           the
           sense
           of
           the
           letter
           ,
           he
           became
           more
           cheerful
           ,
           &
           on
           the
           fourth
           day
           afterwards
           was
           recovered
           .
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           ,
           Darius
           advanced
           towards
           him
           with
           an
           Army
           of
           three
           hundred
           thousand
           foot
           ,
           &
           one
           hundred
           thousand
           horse
           :
           The
           multitude
           of
           his
           numbers
           did
           trouble
           Alexander
           in
           the
           respect
           of
           the
           fewness
           of
           his
           Souldiers
           ,
           but
           computing
           with
           himself
           what
           great
           atchievements
           he
           had
           performed
           by
           that
           paucity
           ,
           and
           how
           many
           Nations
           he
           had
           overthrown
           ,
           his
           hope
           did
           overcome
           his
           fear
           ,
           and
           thinking
           it
           dangerous
           to
           delay
           the
           Battel
           least
           some
           desperation
           should
           grow
           upon
           the
           minds
           
           of
           his
           Souldiers
           ,
           being
           mounted
           on
           horse-back
           he
           did
           ride
           about
           his
           Army
           ,
           and
           by
           several
           exhortations
           did
           enflame
           the
           courage
           of
           the
           several
           Nations
           ;
           he
           stirr'd
           up
           the
           Illyrians
           and
           the
           Thracians
           with
           the
           ostentation
           of
           the
           wealth
           of
           the
           Persians
           ,
           the
           Grecians
           with
           the
           memory
           of
           their
           former
           wars
           ,
           &
           with
           their
           perpetual
           hatred
           against
           the
           Persians
           :
           He
           put
           the
           Macedonians
           in
           mind
           of
           Europe
           overcome
           ,
           and
           of
           Asia
           desired
           by
           them
           ;
           and
           that
           the
           world
           had
           not
           any
           Souldiers
           that
           were
           comparable
           unto
           them
           :
           This
           battel
           he
           said
           would
           put
           an
           end
           to
           their
           labors
           ,
           but
           no
           end
           unto
           their
           glory
           :
           As
           he
           delivered
           these
           words
           ,
           he
           did
           once
           and
           again
           command
           his
           Army
           to
           stand
           ,
           that
           by
           that
           delay
           they
           might
           the
           better
           observe
           and
           sustain
           the
           unwe●ldy
           numbers
           of
           their
           Enemies
           ;
           neither
           was
           Darius
           less
           industrious
           in
           the
           marshalling
           of
           his
           Army
           ;
           for
           omitting
           no
           office
           of
           a
           General
           ,
           he
           in
           his
           own
           person
           did
           ride
           about
           the
           Army
           ,
           and
           did
           exhort
           every
           one
           ,
           and
           admonish
           them
           of
           the
           ancient
           glory
           of
           the
           Persian
           Empire
           ,
           and
           of
           their
           everlasting
           possession
           which
           was
           given
           of
           it
           by
           the
           immortal
           Gods.
           After
           this
           the
           battel
           was
           fought
           with
           great
           resolution
           ,
           in
           which
           both
           Kings
           were
           wounded
           ,
           and
           the
           fight
           was
           doubtful
           until
           Darius
           fled
           ,
           whereupon
           there
           followed
           a
           great
           slaughter
           of
           the
           Persians
           ;
           there
           were
           slain
           of
           their
           foot
           threescore
           and
           ten
           thousand
           ,
           and
           
           ten
           thousand
           of
           their
           horse
           ,
           and
           forty
           thousand
           were
           taken
           Prisoners
           .
           Of
           the
           Macedons
           there
           were
           slain
           one
           hundred
           and
           thirty
           foot
           ,
           and
           one
           hundred
           and
           fifty
           horse
           :
           In
           the
           Camp
           of
           the
           Persians
           ,
           there
           was
           found
           much
           gold
           ,
           and
           other
           rich
           movables
           .
           Amongst
           the
           Captives
           ,
           there
           were
           the
           Mother
           ,
           and
           the
           Wife
           ,
           who
           was
           also
           the
           sister
           of
           Darius
           ,
           and
           his
           two
           daughters
           ,
           to
           visit
           and
           to
           comfort
           :
           who
           when
           Alexander
           came
           in
           person
           with
           some
           men
           in
           Arms
           ,
           they
           imbracing
           one
           another
           as
           if
           immediately
           they
           were
           to
           die
           ,
           did
           make
           a
           skrieking
           lamentation
           ▪
           then
           humbling
           themselves
           to
           the
           knees
           of
           Alexander
           ,
           they
           desired
           not
           life
           ,
           but
           onely
           a
           respite
           from
           death
           so
           long
           until
           they
           had
           buried
           the
           body
           of
           
             Darius
             .
             Alexander
          
           beimg
           moved
           at
           their
           so
           great
           a
           piety
           ,
           did
           both
           give
           them
           an
           assurance
           of
           the
           life
           of
           Darius
           ,
           and
           withal
           took
           from
           them
           the
           fear
           of
           death
           ,
           and
           did
           command
           that
           they
           should
           be
           esteemed
           and
           saluted
           as
           Queens
           ,
           and
           commanded
           the
           daughters
           of
           Darius
           to
           look
           for
           husbands
           suitable
           to
           the
           dignity
           of
           their
           Father
           .
           After
           this
           taking
           into
           his
           observation
           ,
           the
           riches
           and
           precious
           Furniture
           of
           Darius
           ,
           he
           was
           possessed
           with
           admiration
           at
           it
           ;
           he
           then
           first
           began
           to
           delight
           himself
           with
           luxurious
           Banquets
           ,
           and
           the
           magnificence
           of
           Feasts
           ,
           and
           to
           be
           tempted
           by
           the
           beauties
           of
           Barsine
           his
           Capive
           ,
           on
           whom
           having
           afterwards
           begot
           a
           Son
           ,
           he
           did
           call
           him
           
           Hercules
           .
           But
           remembr●ing
           that
           Darius
           was
           yet
           alive
           ,
           he
           commanded
           Parmenio
           to
           seize
           upon
           the
           Persian
           Fleet
           ,
           and
           sent
           some
           others
           of
           his
           friends
           to
           take
           possession
           of
           some
           Cities
           in
           Asia
           ,
           which
           the
           fame
           of
           his
           Victory
           being
           understood
           ,
           came
           presently
           into
           the
           hands
           of
           the
           Conquerors
           ,
           the
           Lieutenants
           of
           Darius
           delivering
           themselves
           with
           vast
           sums
           of
           gold
           unto
           them
           .
           After
           this
           he
           advanced
           into
           Syria
           ,
           where
           many
           Kings
           of
           the
           East
           with
           Fillets
           and
           Miters
           did
           meet
           him
           ;
           of
           whom
           some
           he
           received
           into
           the
           society
           of
           his
           friendship
           according
           to
           their
           merits
           ,
           and
           from
           others
           he
           took
           their
           Kingdom
           ,
           new
           Kings
           being
           chosen
           in
           their
           places
           .
           Amongst
           others
           ,
           A'bdolominus
           chosen
           King
           of
           Sidonia
           by
           Alexander
           was
           remarkable
           ,
           who
           living
           but
           miserably
           before
           (
           all
           his
           imployment
           being
           either
           to
           scoure
           ditches
           ,
           or
           to
           water
           gardens
           )
           was
           ordained
           King
           by
           him
           ,
           the
           Nobility
           of
           that
           Kingdom
           being
           rejected
           ,
           least
           they
           should
           impute
           their
           royalty
           to
           their
           birth
           ,
           and
           not
           to
           the
           benefit
           of
           the
           giver
           ;
           When
           the
           City
           of
           Tyre
           had
           sent
           to
           Alexander
           by
           their
           Ambassadors
           a
           Crown
           of
           gold
           of
           great
           weight
           in
           the
           pretence
           of
           gratulation
           ,
           the
           gift
           being
           gratefully
           accepted
           ,
           Alexander
           did
           declare
           unto
           them
           that
           he
           would
           repair
           himself
           unto
           Tyre
           to
           pay
           his
           vows
           to
           Hercules
           ;
           the
           Ambassadors
           replying
           that
           he
           should
           perform
           that
           better
           in
           the
           old
           Town
           of
           Tyre
           ,
           and
           in
           
           the
           more
           ancient
           Church
           ,
           &
           desiring
           withal
           that
           he
           would
           forbear
           to
           enter
           into
           their
           new
           City
           ;
           Alexander
           was
           so
           incensed
           at
           it
           ,
           that
           he
           threatned
           utterly
           to
           destroy
           their
           City
           :
           and
           immediately
           drawing
           his
           Army
           to
           the
           Iland
           ,
           he
           was
           not
           less
           resolutely
           received
           by
           the
           Tyrians
           through
           the
           confidence
           they
           had
           of
           being
           assisted
           by
           the
           Carthaginians
           .
           The
           example
           also
           of
           Dido
           did
           confirm
           them
           in
           their
           resolution
           ,
           who
           ,
           Carthage
           being
           builded
           ,
           were
           masters
           of
           the
           third
           part
           of
           the
           World
           ,
           thinking
           it
           dishonourable
           ,
           if
           their
           women
           had
           more
           resolution
           to
           subdue
           forreign
           Kingdoms
           ,
           then
           they
           had
           to
           defend
           their
           own
           liberty
           :
           Those
           therefore
           who
           were
           unfit
           for
           the
           service
           of
           the
           war
           being
           removed
           to
           Carthage
           ,
           and
           the
           ayd
           of
           that
           City
           desired
           to
           be
           hastned
           ,
           they
           were
           not
           long
           after
           taken
           by
           treachery
           :
           After
           this
           he
           took
           
             Rhodes
             ,
             Aegypt
          
           ,
           and
           Cilicia
           upon
           composition
           ,
           and
           was
           resolved
           to
           go
           to
           Jupiter-Hammon
           to
           ask
           counsel
           of
           him
           concerning
           the
           event
           of
           things
           to
           come
           ,
           and
           concerning
           his
           own
           Original
           ;
           for
           his
           mother
           Olympias
           had
           confessed
           to
           his
           Father
           Philip
           ,
           that
           Alexander
           was
           not
           begotten
           by
           him
           ,
           but
           by
           a
           serpent
           of
           a
           vast
           extent
           and
           bulk
           .
           And
           Philip
           not
           long
           before
           his
           death
           ,
           did
           openly
           confess
           that
           Alexander
           was
           not
           his
           Son
           ,
           and
           caused
           Olympias
           to
           be
           divorced
           from
           him
           as
           being
           guilty
           of
           incontinence
           ;
           Alexander
           therefore
           desiring
           to
           know
           the
           divinity
           of
           his
           Original
           ,
           
           and
           to
           deliver
           his
           Mother
           from
           Infamy
           ,
           did
           send
           some
           before
           him
           to
           suborn
           the
           Priests
           what
           answers
           they
           should
           give
           unto
           him
           .
           Entring
           into
           the
           Temple
           ,
           the
           Priests
           immediately
           did
           salure
           him
           as
           the
           Son
           of
           Ammon
           ;
           He
           being
           joyful
           of
           this
           his
           adoption
           by
           the
           God
           ,
           did
           command
           that
           he
           should
           be
           esteemed
           as
           his
           Father
           .
           After
           this
           he
           demanded
           ,
           whether
           he
           had
           taken
           full
           revenge
           on
           all
           the
           Murtherers
           of
           his
           Father
           :
           It
           was
           answered
           ,
           That
           his
           Father
           could
           neither
           be
           killed
           nor
           die
           ,
           but
           the
           revenge
           for
           King
           Philip
           was
           fully
           performed
           .
           After
           this
           having
           propounded
           a
           third
           demand
           unto
           them
           :
           It
           was
           answered
           ,
           That
           both
           Victory
           in
           all
           wars
           ,
           and
           the
           possession
           of
           all
           Lands
           was
           granted
           to
           him
           .
           His
           Companions
           also
           were
           enjoyned
           by
           the
           Priests
           to
           worship
           him
           as
           a
           God
           ,
           and
           not
           as
           a
           King.
           From
           hence
           he
           was
           possessed
           with
           a
           strange
           insolence
           ,
           and
           a
           wonderful
           pride
           of
           minde
           ,
           being
           altogether
           estranged
           from
           that
           familiarity
           which
           he
           had
           learned
           by
           the
           letters
           of
           the
           Grecians
           ,
           and
           the
           Institutions
           of
           the
           Macedons
           :
           being
           returned
           from
           Hammon
           ,
           he
           builded
           Alexandria
           ,
           and
           commanded
           that
           a
           Col●ny
           of
           the
           Macedons
           should
           be
           the
           chief
           Seat
           of
           Aegypt
           .
        
         
           Darius
           flying
           to
           Babylon
           ,
           desired
           Alexander
           by
           letters
           ,
           that
           he
           might
           have
           the
           liberty
           to
           redeem
           the
           Captive
           Ladies
           ,
           and
           promised
           him
           a
           vaste
           sum
           of
           money
           .
           But
           Alexander
           returned
           
           answer
           ,
           That
           to
           redeem
           those
           Captives
           ,
           he
           must
           not
           onely
           have
           his
           money
           ,
           but
           all
           his
           Empire
           .
           Not
           long
           after
           Darius
           did
           write
           again
           to
           Alexander
           ,
           and
           in
           his
           letter
           he
           offered
           him
           the
           marriage
           of
           his
           Daughter
           ,
           and
           a
           great
           part
           of
           the
           Empire
           ;
           but
           Alexander
           did
           write
           back
           unto
           him
           ,
           that
           he
           gave
           him
           but
           that
           which
           was
           his
           own
           before
           ,
           and
           commanded
           him
           to
           come
           as
           a
           Suppliant
           to
           him
           ,
           and
           to
           permit
           the
           Conqueror
           to
           dispose
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           at
           his
           own
           pleasure
           .
           Wherefore
           having
           abandoned
           all
           hope
           of
           peace
           ,
           Darius
           did
           prepare
           again
           for
           the
           war
           ,
           and
           advanced
           against
           Alexander
           with
           four
           hundred
           thousand
           foot
           ,
           and
           one
           hundred
           thousand
           horse
           .
           In
           his
           march
           he
           was
           enformed
           that
           his
           Wife
           was
           dead
           in
           her
           extremity
           of
           pain
           by
           an
           abortive
           birth
           ,
           and
           that
           Alexander
           did
           lament
           her
           death
           ,
           and
           assisted
           at
           her
           burial
           ,
           which
           civilities
           he
           used
           towards
           her
           ,
           not
           out
           of
           the
           heat
           of
           vain
           love
           ,
           but
           the
           obligations
           of
           humanity
           ;
           for
           he
           was
           assured
           that
           Alexander
           did
           never
           see
           her
           but
           once
           ,
           when
           he
           oftentimes
           repaired
           to
           comfort
           his
           Mother
           and
           his
           Daughters
           ;
           Darius
           then
           confessing
           that
           he
           was
           truly
           conquered
           ,
           when
           after
           so
           many
           battels
           his
           Enemy
           in
           courtesies
           did
           overcome
           him
           ,
           and
           that
           it
           should
           not
           be
           altogether
           unpleasing
           to
           him
           if
           he
           could
           not
           be
           victorious
           ,
           especially
           when
           he
           was
           conquered
           by
           such
           an
           Enemy
           ,
           
           did
           write
           the
           third
           time
           unto
           Alexander
           ,
           and
           gave
           him
           thanks
           for
           his
           civil
           respects
           unto
           his
           Family
           ,
           and
           offered
           him
           his
           other
           Daughter
           to
           Wife
           ,
           and
           the
           greater
           part
           of
           his
           Kingdom
           ,
           even
           to
           the
           River
           of
           Euphrates
           ,
           and
           thirty
           thousand
           talents
           for
           the
           other
           Captives
           .
           Alexander
           returned
           answer
           ,
           That
           the
           giving
           thanks
           of
           an
           Enemy
           was
           superflucus
           ,
           neither
           had
           he
           done
           any
           thing
           in
           flatto●y
           of
           him
           ,
           or
           in
           the
           distrust
           of
           the
           event
           of
           the
           war
           ,
           or
           to
           complement
           for
           conditions
           of
           peace
           ,
           but
           out
           of
           the
           greatness
           of
           his
           minde
           by
           which
           he
           had
           learned
           to
           contend
           against
           the
           Forces
           ,
           but
           not
           the
           calamities
           of
           his
           Enemies
           :
           He
           promised
           that
           he
           would
           allow
           the
           same
           Grants
           to
           Darius
           ,
           if
           he
           would
           be
           his
           Second
           and
           not
           his
           Equal
           :
           But
           as
           the
           World
           could
           not
           be
           governed
           by
           two
           Suns
           ,
           no
           more
           could
           it
           endure
           the
           Government
           of
           two
           such
           great
           Empires
           in
           a
           safe
           condition
           :
           Therefore
           he
           should
           come
           ,
           he
           said
           ,
           and
           make
           a
           surrender
           of
           himself
           on
           that
           present
           day
           ,
           or
           prepare
           for
           the
           battel
           on
           the
           next
           ▪
           nor
           promise
           to
           himself
           any
           other
           fortune
           then
           of
           what
           before
           he
           had
           the
           experience
           .
        
         
           On
           the
           next
           day
           ,
           their
           Armies
           stood
           both
           in
           battel-array
           ;
           Immediately
           before
           the
           fight
           began
           ,
           a
           deep
           sleep
           invaded
           Alexander
           ,
           possessed
           with
           too
           much
           care
           ,
           who
           being
           onely
           wanting
           in
           the
           battel
           ,
           he
           was
           with
           much
           ado
           awakned
           by
           Parmenio
           :
           All
           men
           demanding
           
           the
           cause
           of
           so
           sound
           asleep
           in
           such
           apparent
           danger
           ,
           when
           in
           his
           greatest
           leisures
           he
           was
           alwayes
           moderate
           of
           it
           ;
           He
           made
           answer
           ,
           that
           being
           delivered
           from
           a
           great
           sear
           ,
           the
           suddenness
           of
           his
           security
           was
           the
           occasion
           of
           it
           ,
           for
           he
           might
           now
           fight
           at
           once
           with
           all
           the
           Forces
           of
           Darius
           ,
           being
           afraid
           before
           that
           the
           wars
           would
           be
           delayed
           if
           the
           Persians
           should
           have
           divided
           their
           Army
           .
           Before
           the
           battel
           did
           begin
           both
           the
           Armies
           made
           a
           stand
           ,
           and
           did
           look
           on
           one
           another
           .
           The
           Macedons
           did
           wonder
           at
           the
           multitudes
           of
           their
           Enemies
           ,
           at
           the
           greatness
           of
           their
           bodies
           ,
           and
           the
           beauty
           of
           their
           Armor
           :
           The
           Persians
           were
           amazed
           that
           so
           many
           thousand
           of
           their
           Souldiers
           had
           so
           often
           by
           so
           few
           been
           overcome
           .
           The
           two
           Kings
           did
           ride
           round
           ab●ut
           their
           Armies
           ;
           Darius
           assured
           his
           ,
           that
           if
           the
           division
           were
           made
           throughout
           his
           Army
           ,
           he
           had
           ten
           men
           in
           arms
           to
           fight
           against
           but
           one
           of
           his
           Enemies
           .
           Alexander
           admonished
           the
           Macedonians
           not
           to
           be
           troubled
           with
           the
           multitudes
           of
           their
           Enemies
           ,
           nor
           with
           the
           greatness
           of
           their
           bodies
           ,
           or
           the
           novelty
           of
           the
           complexion
           of
           their
           Arms
           :
           he
           commanded
           them
           onely
           to
           remember
           that
           this
           is
           the
           third
           time
           they
           fought
           with
           them
           ,
           and
           so
           consider
           that
           they
           were
           become
           never
           the
           better
           men
           by
           their
           so
           often
           flying
           away
           ,
           but
           carryed
           alwayes
           with
           them
           the
           sad
           remembrance
           of
           their
           former
           overthrows
           ,
           &
           of
           so
           much
           blood
           
           they
           had
           lost
           before
           in
           the
           two
           other
           battels
           ;
           He
           assured
           them
           that
           as
           Darius
           did
           exceed
           in
           men
           ,
           so
           did
           he
           in
           strength
           :
           He
           perswaded
           them
           to
           despise
           that
           Army
           shining
           with
           gold
           and
           silver
           ,
           in
           which
           there
           was
           more
           booty
           then
           danger
           ;
           the
           Victory
           being
           not
           to
           be
           purchased
           by
           the
           glittering
           of
           ornaments
           ,
           but
           by
           the
           edge
           of
           the
           sword
           .
        
         
           After
           this
           both
           Armies
           were
           joyned
           in
           battel
           ;
           The
           Macedons
           in
           contempt
           of
           the
           Enemy
           so
           often
           overcome
           ,
           did
           throw
           themselves
           upon
           the
           swords
           of
           the
           Persians
           .
           And
           the
           Persians
           desired
           rather
           manfully
           to
           die
           then
           to
           be
           overcome
           ▪
           seldom
           more
           blood
           in
           any
           fight
           was
           shed
           .
           Darius
           when
           he
           saw
           his
           Army
           overthrown
           ,
           would
           willingly
           have
           dyed
           himself
           :
           But
           those
           who
           stood
           next
           unto
           him
           did
           compel
           him
           to
           flie
           :
           Some
           perswading
           him
           to
           break
           down
           the
           Bridge
           of
           the
           River
           of
           Cydnus
           to
           stop
           the
           passage
           of
           his
           Enemies
           ;
           he
           made
           answer
           ,
           That
           he
           would
           not
           so
           dishonourably
           provide
           for
           his
           own
           safety
           by
           exposing
           so
           many
           thousands
           of
           his
           Souldiers
           to
           the
           fury
           of
           their
           Enemies
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           same
           way
           of
           flight
           was
           to
           he
           open
           to
           others
           ,
           which
           lay
           open
           to
           himself
           .
           Alexander
           in
           his
           own
           person
           was
           alwayes
           present
           in
           the
           greatest
           difficulties
           ,
           and
           where
           he
           saw
           his
           Enemies
           on
           their
           thickest
           squadrons
           to
           fight
           most
           bravely
           ,
           he
           clapped
           in
           upon
           them
           ,
           and
           would
           have
           all
           the
           dangers
           to
           be
           wholy
           his
           
           own
           and
           not
           his
           Souldiers
           .
           In
           this
           battel
           h●
           gained
           unto
           himself
           the
           whole
           Empire
           of
           Asia
           in
           the
           fifth
           yeer
           of
           his
           reign
           ,
           and
           so
           great
           was
           his
           felicity
           ,
           that
           after
           this
           no
           man
           durst
           to
           rebel
           ;
           and
           the
           Persians
           after
           the
           Empire
           which
           continued
           so
           many
           yeers
           did
           patiently
           endure
           the
           yoak
           of
           servitude
           .
           His
           Souldiers
           being
           rewarded
           and
           refreshed
           ,
           so
           great
           was
           the
           booty
           ,
           that
           it
           took
           up
           forty
           daies
           to
           receive
           the
           full
           account
           of
           it
           ;
           he
           found
           hid
           in
           the
           City
           eleven
           thousand
           Talents
           :
           After
           this
           ,
           he
           took
           Persepolis
           the
           chief
           Seat
           of
           the
           Persian
           Empire
           ,
           a
           City
           renowned
           for
           many
           yeers
           ,
           and
           full
           of
           the
           spoyls
           of
           the
           World
           ,
           which
           first
           appeared
           at
           the
           destruction
           of
           it
           .
        
         
           As
           those
           things
           thus
           passed
           ,
           eight
           hundred
           Greeks
           did
           come
           unto
           him
           ,
           who
           with
           dismembred
           bod●es
           did
           endure
           the
           punishment
           of
           their
           Captivity
           ,
           beseeching
           him
           that
           as
           he
           had
           delivered
           Greece
           ,
           so
           he
           would
           deliver
           them
           also
           from
           the
           cruelty
           of
           their
           Enemies
           .
           The
           King
           having
           granted
           them
           leave
           to
           return
           to
           their
           own
           Country
           ,
           they
           made
           choyce
           to
           be
           seated
           rather
           in
           a
           plantation
           abroad
           ,
           least
           in
           the
           stead
           of
           joy
           ,
           they
           should
           present
           unto
           their
           Parents
           the
           lamentable
           and
           loathed
           spectacle
           of
           themselves
           .
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           ,
           Darius
           to
           purchase
           favour
           of
           the
           Conqueror
           ,
           was
           bound
           by
           his
           knismen
           in
           golden
           chains
           in
           a
           Town
           of
           the
           Parthians
           called
           Tancas
           .
           I
           believe
           the
           immortal
           gods
           ,
           so
           
           ordained
           it
           ,
           that
           the
           Empire
           of
           the
           Persians
           should
           have
           its
           end
           in
           their
           Land
           who
           were
           afterwards
           to
           succeed
           in
           the
           Government
           .
           Alexander
           pursuing
           the
           chase
           in
           a
           full
           gallop
           came
           to
           the
           same
           Town
           on
           the
           next
           day
           .
           He
           there
           understood
           that
           Darius
           in
           a
           close
           waggon
           was
           carryed
           away
           by
           night
           ;
           his
           Army
           therefore
           being
           commanded
           to
           follow
           ,
           he
           pursued
           him
           with
           onely
           seven
           thousand
           horse
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           way
           had
           many
           and
           dangerous
           encounters
           ;
           And
           having
           in
           the
           chase
           numbred
           many
           miles
           ,
           when
           he
           could
           not
           receive
           the
           least
           notice
           of
           Darius
           ,
           he
           respited
           a
           little
           to
           breathe
           and
           bait
           his
           horses
           .
           As
           one
           of
           his
           Souldies
           did
           go
           unto
           the
           next
           spring
           ,
           he
           found
           Darius
           bleeding
           through
           many
           wounds
           ,
           but
           yet
           alive
           ;
           whereupon
           he
           made
           use
           of
           his
           Captive
           to
           be
           his
           Interpreter
           ,
           whom
           when
           Darius
           found
           by
           his
           voyce
           to
           be
           a
           Persian
           ,
           he
           said
           that
           this
           brought
           some
           comfort
           to
           him
           in
           his
           present
           misfortunes
           ,
           that
           he
           should
           speak
           to
           one
           who
           understood
           him
           ,
           and
           should
           not
           in
           vain
           breathe
           forth
           his
           last
           words
           .
           He
           desired
           that
           it
           might
           be
           represented
           to
           Alexander
           that
           he
           dyed
           much
           in
           his
           debt
           ;
           being
           obliged
           to
           him
           for
           many
           favours
           ,
           having
           never
           the
           happiness
           to
           return
           any
           ;
           he
           was
           much
           to
           thank
           him
           that
           he
           deported
           himself
           towards
           his
           Mother
           and
           his
           children
           ,
           not
           like
           an
           Enemy
           ,
           but
           a
           King
           ;
           and
           was
           more
           happy
           
           in
           his
           Adversary
           ,
           then
           in
           his
           own
           kindred
           ;
           for
           the
           lives
           of
           his
           Mother
           and
           his
           children
           were
           given
           to
           them
           (
           he
           said
           )
           by
           his
           Ennemy
           ,
           but
           his
           life
           was
           taken
           away
           by
           his
           kinsmen
           to
           whom
           he
           had
           given
           both
           life
           and
           Kingdoms
           ,
           for
           which
           he
           should
           receive
           that
           recompence
           ,
           which
           he
           being
           a
           Conqueror
           should
           be
           pleased
           himself
           to
           take
           ;
           All
           the
           thankfulness
           which
           he
           being
           a
           dying
           man
           could
           return
           unto
           him
           ,
           was
           to
           beseech
           the
           powers
           above
           ,
           and
           the
           powers
           below
           ,
           and
           the
           gods
           that
           dispose
           of
           Scepters
           ,
           that
           they
           would
           grant
           him
           the
           Empire
           of
           all
           the
           World
           ;
           For
           himself
           he
           desired
           to
           have
           rather
           a
           solemn
           then
           a
           sumptuous
           Funeral
           .
           As
           for
           what
           pertained
           to
           the
           Revenger
           of
           his
           death
           ,
           it
           ought
           he
           said
           to
           be
           made
           Exemplar
           ,
           it
           being
           not
           onely
           Alexanders
           but
           the
           common
           cause
           of
           all
           Kings
           ,
           which
           to
           neglect
           ,
           would
           be
           as
           dishonourable
           as
           it
           were
           dangerous
           ;
           for
           as
           in
           one
           ,
           the
           Example
           of
           his
           justice
           ,
           so
           in
           the
           other
           ,
           the
           cause
           of
           his
           futu●e
           safety
           would
           be
           declared
           ;
           for
           the
           performance
           of
           which
           he
           gave
           his
           right
           hand
           ,
           the
           onely
           pledge
           of
           the
           Faith
           of
           a
           King.
           
        
         
           Having
           spoken
           these
           word●
           and
           stretched
           forth
           his
           hands
           he
           dyed
           ;
           which
           when
           it
           was
           reported
           unto
           Alexander
           ,
           having
           
           beheld
           him
           ,
           he
           with
           tears
           prosecuted
           his
           death
           so
           unworthy
           of
           that
           height
           wherein
           he
           lived
           ;
           and
           commanded
           that
           his
           body
           should
           be
           buried
           after
           the
           manner
           of
           their
           Kings
           ,
           and
           be
           carryed
           to
           the
           Tombs
           of
           his
           Predecessors
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           TVVELFTH
           BOOK
           OF
           IVSTINE
           .
        
         
           ALexander
           after
           this
           with
           great
           Funeral
           expences
           did
           honour
           those
           Souldiers
           whom
           he
           lost
           in
           the
           pursute
           of
           Darius
           ,
           and
           divided
           fifteen
           thousand
           Talents
           amongst
           their
           fellows
           who
           did
           accompany
           him
           in
           that
           Expedition
           .
           The
           greatest
           part
           of
           their
           horses
           were
           lost
           by
           the
           excessive
           heat
           ,
           and
           those
           which
           remained
           alive
           made
           unserviceable
           .
           The
           treasure
           consisting
           of
           one
           hundred
           and
           three
           and
           fifty
           thousand
           Talents
           ,
           was
           brought
           all
           into
           one
           Exchequer
           ,
           and
           
           Parmenio
           was
           made
           Chancellor
           of
           it
           .
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           Letters
           were
           received
           from
           Antipater
           in
           Macedonia
           ,
           in
           which
           the
           war
           of
           Agis
           King
           of
           the
           Lacedemonians
           in
           Greece
           ,
           the
           war
           of
           Alexander
           (
           King
           of
           Epirus
           )
           in
           Italy
           ,
           and
           the
           war
           of
           Zopyron
           his
           Lieutenant
           in
           Scythia
           were
           contained
           ,
           with
           which
           news
           he
           was
           diversly
           affected
           ,
           but
           received
           more
           joy
           by
           the
           death
           of
           the
           two
           Kings
           that
           did
           emulate
           his
           glory
           ,
           then
           he
           expressed
           grief
           for
           the
           loss
           of
           Zopyron
           with
           his
           Army
           :
           For
           after
           the
           departure
           of
           Alexander
           ,
           almost
           all
           Greece
           ,
           taking
           advantage
           of
           his
           absence
           ,
           did
           combine
           to
           take
           Arms
           for
           the
           recovery
           of
           their
           liberty
           ;
           In
           which
           they
           followed
           the
           authority
           of
           the
           Lacedemonians
           ,
           who
           alone
           despised
           the
           peace
           with
           Philip
           and
           Alexander
           ,
           and
           refused
           the
           conditions
           of
           it
           .
           The
           General
           of
           this
           war
           was
           Agis
           King
           of
           the
           Lacedemonians
           ;
           which
           insurrection
           Antipater
           ,
           having
           drawn
           his
           forces
           together
           ,
           did
           suppress
           in
           the
           very
           beginning
           of
           it
           .
           The
           slaughter
           howsoever
           was
           great
           on
           both
           sides
           :
           Agis
           when
           he
           beheld
           his
           Souldiers
           to
           turn
           their
           backs
           ,
           having
           cleared
           himself
           of
           his
           Guard
           ,
           that
           he
           might
           be
           equal
           to
           Alexander
           ,
           though
           not
           in
           fortune
           ,
           yet
           in
           courage
           ,
           did
           make
           so
           great
           a
           slaughter
           of
           his
           Enemies
           ,
           that
           sometimes
           he
           drove
           whole
           Troops
           of
           them
           before
           him
           :
           At
           the
           last
           ,
           though
           he
           was
           over-born
           by
           the
           multitude
           ,
           
           yet
           he
           overcame
           them
           all
           in
           glory
           .
           And
           Alexander
           King
           of
           Epirus
           being
           called
           into
           Italy
           by
           the
           Tarentines
           ,
           desiring
           ayd
           against
           the
           Brutians
           ,
           did
           march
           with
           so
           much
           resolution
           ,
           that
           if
           in
           the
           division
           of
           the
           world
           ,
           the
           West
           by
           lot
           had
           fallen
           to
           him
           ,
           and
           the
           East
           to
           Alexander
           the
           Son
           of
           Olympias
           his
           sister
           ,
           he
           might
           have
           found
           no
           less
           a
           subject
           of
           glory
           ,
           in
           
             Italy
             ,
             Africk
          
           ,
           and
           in
           Sicily
           ,
           then
           the
           other
           in
           Asia
           ,
           and
           amongst
           the
           Persians
           .
           To
           this
           may
           be
           added
           ,
           that
           as
           the
           Oracles
           at
           Delphos
           did
           fore-warn
           Alexander
           the
           Great
           of
           treachery
           in
           Macedonia
           ;
           so
           he
           was
           advised
           by
           Jupiter
           of
           Dodona
           to
           take
           heed
           of
           the
           City
           of
           Pandosia
           and
           of
           the
           Acherusian
           River
           ,
           which
           being
           both
           in
           Epirus
           ,
           he
           being
           ignorant
           that
           they
           were
           both
           in
           Italy
           also
           ,
           did
           more
           readily
           undertake
           a
           forreign
           war
           to
           decline
           the
           danger
           which
           was
           threatned
           by
           the
           destinies
           as
           he
           conceived
           at
           Rome
           .
        
         
           Being
           advanced
           in
           Italy
           ,
           he
           first
           of
           all
           made
           war
           with
           the
           Apulians
           ;
           the
           fate
           of
           whose
           City
           being
           understood
           ,
           he
           not
           long
           after
           made
           peace
           and
           friendship
           with
           their
           King.
           At
           that
           time
           Brundusium
           was
           the
           City
           of
           the
           Apulians
           ,
           which
           the
           Aetolians
           (
           following
           the
           Conduct
           of
           their
           Captain
           
             Dio
             medes
          
           ,
           renowned
           for
           his
           atchievements
           at
           the
           siege
           of
           Troy
           )
           did
           build
           .
           But
           being
           forced
           away
           by
           the
           Apulians
           ,
           it
           was
           told
           them
           by
           the
           
           Oracle
           ,
           that
           perpetually
           they
           should
           possess
           the
           place
           which
           they
           first
           found
           out
           ,
           wherefore
           by
           their
           Ambassadors
           they
           demanded
           of
           the
           Apulians
           ,
           that
           their
           City
           should
           be
           restored
           to
           them
           ▪
           and
           threatned
           to
           bring
           a
           war
           upon
           them
           ,
           if
           they
           should
           detain
           it
           .
           But
           the
           Apulians
           having
           notice
           of
           the
           Oracle
           ,
           did
           put
           the
           Ambassadors
           to
           death
           ,
           and
           did
           bury
           them
           in
           their
           City
           ,
           to
           have
           there
           their
           perpetual
           residence
           .
           And
           being
           thus
           discharged
           of
           the
           Oracle
           ,
           they
           for
           a
           long
           time
           did
           possess
           the
           City
           ,
           which
           when
           Alexander
           of
           Epirus
           understood
           ,
           in
           reverence
           to
           the
           Antiquity
           of
           the
           place
           ,
           he
           did
           abstain
           from
           making
           war
           upon
           the
           Apulians
           :
           But
           he
           made
           war
           against
           the
           Brutians
           and
           Lucanians
           ,
           and
           took
           many
           of
           their
           Cities
           ;
           afterwards
           he
           made
           peace
           with
           the
           Metapontinians
           ,
           the
           Rutilians
           ,
           and
           the
           Romans
           .
           But
           the
           Brutians
           and
           Lucanians
           having
           the
           assistance
           of
           their
           Neighbours
           ,
           did
           renew
           the
           war
           with
           greater
           courage
           ,
           in
           which
           the
           King
           neer
           unto
           the
           City
           of
           Pandosia
           &
           the
           River
           Acheron
           was
           killed
           ,
           the
           name
           of
           the
           fatal
           place
           being
           not
           known
           until
           he
           fell
           ;
           and
           dying
           ▪
           he
           understood
           that
           the
           danger
           of
           death
           was
           not
           in
           his
           own
           Countrey
           ,
           for
           the
           fear
           of
           which
           he
           did
           ●●e
           his
           Countrey
           .
           The
           Tyrians
           having
           at
           the
           publick
           charge
           redeemed
           his
           Body
           ,
           did
           commit
           it
           unto
           Burial
           .
           Whiles
           those
           things
           were
           done
           in
           
             Italy
             ,
             Zopyron
          
           ,
           
           who
           was
           made
           Lieutenant
           of
           Pontus
           by
           Alexander
           the
           Great
           ,
           conceiving
           himself
           to
           be
           but
           as
           an
           idle
           person
           ,
           if
           he
           should
           do
           nothing
           memorable
           himself
           ,
           having
           drawn
           together
           an
           Army
           of
           thirty
           thousand
           men
           ,
           did
           make
           war
           upon
           the
           Soythians
           :
           being
           slain
           with
           all
           his
           Army
           ,
           he
           suffered
           for
           the
           rashness
           of
           making
           wars
           on
           that
           innocent
           Nation
           :
           When
           these
           things
           were
           brought
           to
           Alexander
           in
           Parthia
           ,
           having
           dissembled
           a
           sorrow
           for
           the
           death
           of
           Alexander
           his
           kinsman
           King
           of
           Epirus
           ,
           he
           commanded
           his
           Army
           to
           quarters
           for
           the
           space
           of
           three
           dayes
           ;
           And
           all
           men
           suggesting
           to
           themselves
           ,
           that
           in
           Darius
           death
           the
           war
           was
           ended
           ,
           and
           expecting
           now
           a
           speedy
           return
           into
           their
           own
           Country
           ,
           and
           in
           their
           imagination
           already
           embracing
           their
           wives
           and
           children
           ,
           Alexander
           did
           call
           them
           forth
           to
           a
           general
           convention
           ,
           and
           declared
           unto
           them
           ,
           that
           nothing
           was
           as
           yet
           atchieved
           by
           so
           many
           famous
           battels
           ,
           if
           the
           more
           Eastern
           Enemies
           should
           remain
           untouched
           ;
           neither
           did
           he
           make
           war
           for
           the
           body
           ,
           but
           the
           Empire
           of
           Darius
           ;
           those
           he
           said
           were
           to
           be
           pursued
           who
           fled
           away
           and
           revolted
           from
           him
           .
           Having
           with
           his
           speech
           given
           new
           heat
           to
           the
           courage
           of
           his
           Souldiers
           ,
           he
           subdued
           the
           Mardians
           and
           Hercanians
           .
           In
           that
           place
           Thalestris
           or
           Minothaeae
           Queen
           of
           the
           Amazons
           did
           address
           her self
           unto
           him
           with
           three
           hundred
           thousand
           
           women
           ,
           having
           travelled
           ▪
           five
           and
           twenty
           dayes
           through
           most
           hostile
           Nations
           ,
           to
           have
           Issue
           by
           him
           ;
           her
           countenance
           and
           the
           cause
           of
           her
           coming
           was
           the
           subject
           of
           much
           wonder
           ,
           both
           for
           the
           strangeness
           of
           her
           habit
           ,
           and
           the
           strangeness
           of
           her
           desire
           ;
           To
           satisfie
           which
           ,
           the
           King
           took
           the
           leisure
           of
           thirty
           dayes
           ,
           and
           when
           she
           thought
           that
           her
           womb
           was
           pregnant
           ,
           she
           departed
           .
           After
           this
           Alexander
           assumed
           the
           habit
           and
           the
           diadem
           of
           the
           Kings
           of
           Persia
           ,
           before
           unused
           by
           the
           Kings
           of
           Macedon
           ,
           as
           if
           he
           had
           translated
           himself
           into
           the
           customes
           and
           fashions
           of
           those
           whom
           he
           had
           overcome
           ;
           which
           ,
           that
           it
           might
           not
           more
           enviously
           be
           beheld
           in
           him
           alone
           ,
           he
           commanded
           his
           friends
           also
           to
           take
           unto
           them
           the
           long
           robe
           of
           gold
           and
           purple
           .
           And
           that
           he
           might
           imitate
           as
           well
           their
           riot
           as
           their
           habit
           ,
           he
           divided
           the
           nights
           by
           turns
           amongst
           the
           flocks
           of
           his
           Concubines
           ,
           as
           remarkable
           for
           their
           birth
           as
           for
           their
           beauty
           ,
           to
           which
           he
           added
           ,
           the
           magnificence
           of
           banquets
           ,
           least
           his
           luxury
           should
           not
           seem
           compleat
           .
           And
           according
           to
           the
           vanity
           of
           royal
           pomp
           ,
           he
           made
           his
           Feasts
           more
           delightful
           with
           Enterludes
           ,
           being
           altogether
           unmindful
           that
           so
           great
           wealth
           with
           such
           profuseness
           is
           accustomed
           to
           be
           consumed
           and
           not
           enlarged
           .
           Amongst
           these
           things
           great
           was
           the
           Indignation
           of
           all
           ,
           over
           all
           the
           Camp
           ,
           that
           he
           so
           degenerated
           
           from
           his
           Father
           Philip
           ,
           that
           he
           cared
           not
           for
           the
           name
           of
           his
           own
           Country
           ,
           and
           followed
           the
           dissoluteness
           of
           the
           
             Persians
             ▪
          
           whom
           for
           such
           dissoluteness
           he
           overcame
           ;
           and
           that
           he
           might
           not
           onely
           seem
           to
           addict
           himself
           to
           the
           vices
           of
           those
           whom
           with
           arms
           he
           had
           subdued
           ,
           he
           permitted
           his
           Souldiers
           to
           marry
           those
           female
           Captives
           ,
           to
           whom
           they
           had
           indeared
           themselves
           :
           politickly
           conceiving
           that
           having
           in
           their
           Tents
           a
           representation
           of
           their
           houses
           and
           Families
           at
           home
           ,
           the
           labour
           of
           the
           war
           would
           be
           both
           more
           pleasant
           by
           the
           company
           of
           their
           wives
           ;
           and
           their
           desires
           to
           return
           into
           their
           Countries
           ,
           would
           be
           more
           moderate
           :
           And
           that
           Macedonia
           also
           should
           be
           less
           exhausted
           with
           recruits
           ,
           if
           young
           Souldiers
           should
           succeed
           in
           their
           old
           Fathers
           places
           ,
           and
           fight
           in
           the
           same
           works
           in
           which
           they
           were
           born
           ,
           being
           likely
           to
           be
           more
           constant
           upon
           duty
           ,
           exercising
           not
           onely
           their
           youth
           and
           childhood
           ,
           but
           having
           their
           cradles
           also
           rocked
           in
           the
           Camp.
           This
           Custom
           remained
           afterwards
           amongst
           the
           Successors
           of
           Alexander
           ,
           and
           maintenance
           was
           provided
           for
           the
           Infants
           ,
           and
           Instruments
           for
           the
           making
           of
           Arms
           ,
           and
           the
           furniture
           for
           horse
           were
           given
           them
           to
           practice
           on
           ,
           when
           they
           were
           but
           young
           ;
           and
           their
           Fathers
           had
           allowances
           appointed
           them
           according
           to
           the
           number
           of
           their
           children
           ,
           and
           if
           their
           Fathers
           dyed
           ,
           nevertheless
           
           the
           children
           had
           the
           pensions
           of
           their
           Father
           ,
           their
           Infancy
           amongst
           so
           many
           Expeditions
           being
           as
           a
           continual
           war-fare
           .
           Therefore
           from
           their
           minority
           being
           enured
           to
           labour
           and
           to
           dangers
           ,
           their
           Armies
           were
           unconquerable
           ;
           for
           they
           thought
           no
           otherwise
           of
           their
           Tents
           then
           of
           their
           Country
           ,
           and
           that
           an
           encounter
           was
           alwayes
           nothing
           else
           but
           Victory
           .
        
         
           This
           is
           that
           off-spring
           which
           were
           called
           Epigoni
           :
           The
           Parthians
           being
           overcome
           ,
           Andragoras
           one
           of
           the
           most
           noble
           of
           the
           Persians
           was
           made
           Governor
           of
           them
           ,
           from
           whom
           the
           Kings
           of
           Parthia
           did
           afterwards
           derive
           their
           Original
           .
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           ,
           Alexander
           did
           begin
           to
           exercise
           his
           rage
           on
           his
           own
           men
           ,
           not
           like
           a
           King
           ,
           but
           like
           an
           Enemy
           :
           Nothing
           more
           incensed
           him
           then
           that
           he
           was
           upbraided
           by
           them
           ,
           that
           he
           had
           subverted
           the
           Customs
           of
           his
           Father
           Philip
           ,
           and
           of
           his
           own
           Country
           ,
           for
           which
           offence
           old
           Parmenio
           next
           unto
           the
           King
           in
           Dignity
           ,
           and
           his
           Son
           Philotas
           (
           being
           questioned
           for
           other
           pretences
           )
           were
           both
           put
           to
           death
           .
           On
           this
           there
           did
           arise
           a
           murmur
           over
           all
           the
           Camp
           ,
           in
           compassion
           of
           the
           condition
           of
           the
           innocent
           old
           man
           and
           of
           his
           Son
           ,
           and
           sometimes
           they
           were
           heard
           to
           speak
           ,
           that
           they
           could
           not
           hope
           for
           any
           better
           themselves
           ;
           which
           when
           it
           was
           reported
           unto
           Alexander
           ,
           fearing
           least
           the
           same
           reproach
           
           should
           be
           divulged
           in
           Macedonia
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           glory
           of
           his
           Victories
           should
           be
           eclipsed
           by
           the
           ignomy
           of
           his
           cruelty
           ,
           he
           dissembled
           that
           he
           would
           send
           some
           of
           his
           friends
           into
           his
           own
           Country
           ▪
           who
           should
           be
           the
           Messengers
           of
           his
           Conquests
           .
           He
           desired
           the
           Souldiers
           to
           write
           freely
           unto
           their
           friends
           ,
           being
           but
           seldom
           to
           enjoy
           such
           an
           apportunity
           again
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           more
           distant
           remoteness
           of
           the
           war.
           This
           being
           done
           ,
           he
           commanded
           the
           packet
           to
           be
           brought
           privately
           unto
           him
           ,
           by
           which
           having
           discovered
           what
           every
           ▪
           one
           thought
           of
           him
           ,
           he
           reduced
           them
           who
           had
           written
           to
           their
           friends
           more
           hardly
           of
           him
           into
           one
           Company
           ,
           either
           with
           an
           intent
           to
           destroy
           them
           ,
           or
           to
           distribute
           them
           into
           Colonies
           in
           the
           furthest
           parts
           of
           the
           world
           .
           After
           this
           he
           subdued
           the
           
             Dracans
             ,
             Evergetans
             ,
             Parimans
             ,
             Paropamissidans
             ,
             Hydaspians
             ,
          
           and
           the
           other
           Nations
           which
           live
           at
           the
           foot
           of
           Caucasus
           .
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           Bessus
           ,
           one
           of
           the
           friends
           of
           Darius
           was
           brought
           bound
           in
           chains
           ,
           who
           had
           not
           onely
           betrayed
           ,
           but
           also
           killed
           the
           King
           ,
           whom
           Alexander
           delivered
           to
           the
           brother
           of
           Darius
           to
           be
           tormented
           ,
           in
           revenge
           of
           his
           treason
           ,
           thinking
           Darius
           was
           not
           so
           much
           his
           Enemy
           as
           he
           had
           been
           a
           friend
           to
           him
           by
           whom
           he
           was
           slain
           :
           And
           that
           he
           might
           give
           a
           name
           to
           those
           Lands
           ,
           he
           builded
           the
           City
           of
           
           Alexandria
           on
           the
           River
           of
           Tanaia
           ,
           within
           seventeen
           daies
           having
           made
           a
           Wall
           about
           it
           six
           miles
           in
           compass
           ,
           and
           translated
           thither
           the
           people
           of
           three
           Cities
           which
           Cyrus
           had
           erected
           .
           He
           builded
           also
           twelve
           Cities
           amongst
           the
           Bactrians
           and
           the
           Sogdians
           ,
           having
           distributed
           amongst
           them
           whomsoever
           he
           found
           to
           be
           seditious
           in
           his
           Army
           .
           After
           this
           ,
           upon
           a
           holy
           day
           ,
           he
           called
           his
           friends
           together
           to
           a
           banquet
           ,
           where
           mention
           being
           made
           by
           them
           in
           their
           wine
           ,
           of
           the
           deeds
           performed
           by
           
             Philip
             ,
             Alexander
          
           preferr'd
           himself
           above
           his
           Father
           ,
           and
           extoll'd
           unto
           the
           Skies
           the
           greatness
           of
           his
           own
           atchievements
           ,
           the
           greatest
           parts
           of
           his
           Guests
           assenting
           to
           him
           :
           Therefore
           when
           Clytus
           one
           of
           the
           old
           men
           tempted
           by
           the
           confidence
           of
           his
           friendship
           with
           the
           King
           ,
           did
           advance
           the
           memory
           of
           Philip
           and
           the
           battels
           which
           he
           fought
           ,
           he
           so
           inflamed
           Alexander
           ,
           that
           a
           spear
           being
           snatched
           from
           one
           of
           the
           Guard
           ,
           he
           killed
           him
           at
           the
           banquet
           ,
           and
           insulting
           over
           him
           ,
           he
           objected
           to
           him
           ,
           being
           dead
           ,
           how
           bravely
           he
           defended
           his
           Father
           Philip
           ,
           and
           how
           highly
           he
           praised
           his
           wars
           .
           After
           his
           passion
           was
           blown
           over
           ,
           and
           he
           was
           satisfied
           with
           his
           blood
           ,
           and
           the
           consideration
           of
           his
           reputation
           succeeded
           into
           the
           room
           of
           his
           anger
           ,
           pondering
           with
           himself
           sometimes
           the
           person
           of
           him
           who
           was
           slain
           ,
           and
           sometimes
           
           the
           cause
           of
           his
           being
           slain
           ,
           he
           began
           to
           repent
           of
           what
           he
           had
           done
           ,
           and
           that
           he
           gave
           so
           discontented
           an
           ear
           to
           the
           prayses
           of
           his
           Father
           ,
           which
           he
           ought
           not
           to
           have
           given
           to
           his
           reproaches
           ,
           and
           lamented
           that
           his
           old
           friend
           ,
           and
           his
           innocent
           one
           was
           slain
           by
           him
           ,
           being
           full
           of
           wine
           and
           supper
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           same
           fury
           being
           hurryed
           into
           repentance
           ,
           as
           he
           was
           into
           passion
           ,
           he
           would
           have
           kill'd
           himself
           :
           Melting
           into
           tears
           ,
           he
           did
           imbrace
           the
           body
           of
           the
           dead
           ,
           he
           did
           handle
           his
           wounds
           ,
           and
           did
           confess
           his
           madness
           to
           him
           ,
           as
           if
           he
           had
           heard
           him
           ,
           and
           taking
           the
           spear
           again
           into
           his
           hand
           ,
           he
           turned
           the
           point
           of
           it
           to
           himself
           ,
           and
           had
           done
           a
           thorough
           execution
           with
           it
           ,
           if
           his
           friends
           had
           not
           prevented
           him
           ;
           this
           resolution
           to
           die
           continued
           with
           him
           certain
           dayes
           afterwards
           .
           The
           remembrance
           of
           his
           Nurse
           ,
           sister
           unto
           Clytus
           ,
           was
           an
           addition
           to
           his
           repentance
           ,
           for
           whom
           being
           absent
           ,
           he
           was
           greatly
           ashamed
           that
           he
           returned
           her
           so
           foul
           a
           recompence
           for
           the
           nourishments
           she
           had
           given
           him
           ,
           and
           that
           being
           a
           young
           man
           and
           a
           Conqueror
           ,
           he
           should
           with
           Funerals
           requite
           her
           in
           whose
           arms
           he
           was
           bred
           up
           .
           He
           then
           considered
           what
           reports
           ,
           what
           disgrace
           he
           had
           by
           this
           violent
           act
           pull'd
           upon
           himself
           ,
           not
           onely
           in
           his
           Army
           ,
           but
           amongst
           the
           conquer'd
           Nations
           ,
           how
           much
           fear
           and
           hatred
           he
           had
           cotracted
           
           amongst
           his
           friends
           ,
           how
           sad
           he
           had
           made
           his
           Feast
           ,
           sitting
           more
           terrible
           at
           his
           banquet
           with
           his
           friends
           ,
           then
           armed
           in
           face
           of
           his
           Enemies
           .
           Then
           Parmenio
           and
           Philotas
           ,
           then
           Amyntas
           his
           kinsman
           ,
           then
           his
           Step-mother
           and
           his
           Bothers
           being
           killed
           ,
           then
           
             Attalus
             ,
             Eurilochus
          
           and
           Pausanias
           ,
           and
           others
           of
           the
           slaughter'd
           Princes
           of
           Macedonia
           ,
           did
           present
           themselves
           unto
           his
           memory
           .
           For
           this
           he
           four
           dayes
           persevered
           in
           an
           abstinence
           from
           all
           meat
           ,
           until
           at
           last
           he
           was
           intreated
           by
           the
           prayers
           of
           all
           the
           Army
           ,
           desiring
           that
           he
           would
           not
           lament
           so
           much
           the
           death
           of
           one
           ,
           as
           to
           destroy
           them
           all
           ,
           nor
           forsake
           them
           whom
           he
           had
           brought
           into
           the
           furthest
           part
           of
           the
           East
           amongst
           barbarous
           and
           cruel
           Nations
           ,
           and
           provoked
           by
           the
           war.
           The
           perswasions
           of
           Calisthenes
           ,
           the
           Philosopher
           ,
           did
           prevail
           much
           upon
           him
           ,
           who
           was
           his
           familiar
           acquaintance
           ,
           and
           bred
           up
           with
           him
           in
           the
           School
           of
           Aristotle
           ,
           and
           was
           at
           that
           time
           sent
           for
           by
           him
           to
           commit
           his
           Deeds
           to
           History
           .
        
         
           Having
           therefore
           called
           back
           his
           mind
           to
           the
           war
           ,
           he
           took
           into
           his
           protection
           the
           Dracons
           and
           Chorasmians
           ,
           who
           did
           submit
           unto
           him
           ;
           Not
           long
           after
           ,
           to
           make
           himself
           yet
           more
           hateful
           ,
           he
           commanded
           that
           he
           should
           not
           only
           be
           worshipped
           ,
           but
           adored
           ,
           which
           was
           the
           onely
           thing
           he
           had
           forborn
           in
           the
           proud
           
           imitation
           of
           the
           Persian
           Kings
           .
           Calisthenes
           was
           the
           most
           sharp
           and
           resolute
           of
           all
           that
           did
           contradict
           it
           ,
           which
           brought
           a
           destruction
           both
           on
           him
           and
           many
           others
           of
           the
           Princes
           of
           the
           Macedons
           ,
           for
           they
           were
           all
           put
           to
           death
           under
           the
           pretence
           of
           treason
           .
           Netheless
           the
           Macedons
           would
           not
           admit
           of
           adoration
           ,
           but
           onely
           retained
           the
           Custom
           of
           saluting
           their
           King
           :
           After
           this
           he
           marched
           into
           India
           to
           bound
           his
           Empire
           with
           the
           Ocean
           and
           the
           farthest
           East
           ,
           to
           which
           glory
           ,
           that
           the
           ornaments
           of
           his
           Army
           might
           be
           agreeable
           ,
           he
           cover'd
           with
           silver
           the
           trappings
           of
           their
           horses
           ,
           and
           the
           arms
           of
           his
           Souldiers
           ,
           and
           from
           their
           silver
           bucklers
           he
           called
           his
           Army
           Argyraspidae
           .
           When
           he
           came
           unto
           the
           City
           of
           Nysa
           ,
           the
           Inhabitants
           not
           resisting
           him
           by
           reason
           of
           their
           religious
           confidence
           in
           the
           assistance
           of
           their
           god
           Bacchus
           ,
           by
           whom
           that
           City
           was
           builded
           ,
           he
           commanded
           that
           it
           should
           be
           spared
           ,
           being
           glad
           that
           he
           followed
           not
           onely
           the
           Militia
           ,
           but
           the
           foot
           ▪
           steps
           of
           the
           god
           .
        
         
           After
           this
           he
           did
           lead
           his
           Army
           to
           the
           sight
           of
           the
           holy
           Hill
           ,
           which
           was
           cloathed
           with
           Vines
           and
           lvie
           ,
           the
           goods
           of
           Nature
           ,
           and
           that
           so
           elegantly
           ,
           as
           if
           it
           had
           been
           adorned
           by
           the
           art
           and
           industry
           of
           the
           hand
           of
           the
           Planter
           .
           But
           his
           Army
           was
           no
           sooner
           marched
           to
           the
           Hill
           ,
           but
           transported
           with
           a
           sudden
           rapture
           ,
           
           they
           did
           by
           instinct
           break
           forth
           into
           the
           sacred
           ululations
           of
           the
           God
           ,
           and
           to
           the
           amazement
           of
           the
           King
           ,
           did
           run
           up
           and
           down
           without
           any
           prejudice
           ,
           that
           he
           might
           understand
           that
           by
           sparing
           the
           Inhabitants
           ,
           he
           provided
           as
           well
           for
           his
           Army
           as
           for
           them
           .
        
         
           From
           thence
           he
           marched
           to
           the
           Hills
           of
           Dodalus
           ,
           and
           to
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Queen
           Cleophis
           ,
           who
           having
           yielded
           her self
           unto
           him
           ,
           she
           received
           back
           her
           Kingdom
           ,
           having
           redeemed
           it
           by
           granting
           him
           the
           use
           of
           her
           body
           ;
           obtaining
           that
           by
           wantonness
           which
           she
           could
           never
           have
           purchased
           by
           the
           force
           of
           arms
           ;
           She
           called
           her
           son
           Alexander
           ,
           who
           was
           begotten
           by
           him
           ,
           who
           afterwards
           enjoyed
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           the
           Indians
           .
           Queen
           Cleophis
           by
           reason
           of
           this
           violation
           of
           her
           chastity
           was
           afterwards
           called
           by
           the
           Indians
           ,
           The
           royal
           Whore.
           Having
           marched
           almost
           through
           India
           ,
           when
           he
           came
           to
           a
           Rock
           as
           wonderful
           in
           its
           bigness
           ,
           as
           in
           the
           difficulty
           of
           its
           ascent
           ,
           into
           which
           many
           Nations
           fled
           ,
           he
           understood
           that
           Hercules
           was
           by
           an
           Earthquak
           prohibited
           from
           the
           taking
           of
           it
           .
           Being
           therefore
           transported
           with
           a
           desire
           to
           overcome
           the
           Acts
           and
           Labors
           of
           Hercules
           ,
           with
           infinite
           difficulty
           and
           danger
           ,
           he
           became
           master
           of
           it
           ,
           and
           took
           into
           his
           protection
           all
           the
           Nations
           in
           that
           place
           .
           One
           of
           the
           Kings
           of
           the
           Indians
           was
           
           called
           Porus
           ,
           as
           admirable
           by
           the
           strength
           of
           his
           body
           ,
           as
           by
           the
           greatness
           of
           his
           minde
           ,
           who
           having
           understood
           before
           of
           the
           advance
           of
           Alexander
           ,
           had
           prepared
           an
           Army
           to
           entertain
           him
           .
           The
           battels
           being
           joyned
           ,
           he
           commanded
           his
           Army
           to
           invade
           the
           Macedons
           ,
           and
           demanded
           for
           their
           King
           ,
           being
           resolved
           as
           a
           private
           Enemy
           to
           fight
           with
           him
           hand
           to
           hand
           ;
           Alexander
           made
           no
           delay
           to
           answer
           him
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           first
           encounter
           having
           fallen
           head-long
           to
           the
           ground
           ,
           his
           horse
           being
           killed
           under
           him
           ,
           he
           was
           preserved
           by
           the
           concourse
           of
           his
           Guard.
           Porus
           being
           almost
           covered
           with
           blood
           from
           many
           wounds
           which
           he
           received
           ,
           was
           taken
           Prisoner
           ,
           and
           with
           such
           indignation
           grieved
           that
           he
           was
           overcome
           ,
           that
           after
           his
           Enemy
           had
           given
           him
           quarter
           ,
           he
           would
           neither
           take
           any
           sustenance
           ,
           nor
           suffer
           his
           wounds
           to
           be
           dressed
           ,
           and
           with
           much
           difficulty
           was
           perswaded
           to
           be
           contented
           to
           live
           .
        
         
           Alexander
           in
           the
           honour
           of
           his
           valour
           ,
           did
           send
           him
           back
           safe
           into
           his
           own
           Kingdom
           :
           He
           erected
           there
           two
           Cities
           ,
           one
           called
           Nicaea
           ,
           the
           other
           Bucephale
           ,
           after
           the
           name
           of
           his
           horse
           :
           After
           that
           having
           overthrown
           their
           Armies
           ,
           he
           took
           the
           
             Adrestrians
             ,
             Strathenians
             ,
             Passidams
          
           ,
           and
           Gangaritans
           ;
           when
           he
           came
           to
           the
           Euphites
           where
           they
           attended
           his
           coming
           with
           an
           Army
           of
           two
           hundred
           thousand
           horse
           ,
           all
           his
           Army
           being
           tired
           as
           well
           by
           the
           
           numbers
           of
           their
           Victories
           as
           by
           their
           labors
           did
           beseech
           him
           with
           tears
           ,
           that
           he
           would
           put
           at
           last
           a
           period
           to
           the
           war
           ,
           and
           once
           think
           upon
           a
           return
           into
           his
           Country
           ;
           they
           besought
           him
           to
           look
           upon
           the
           yeers
           of
           his
           Souldiers
           whose
           age
           would
           scarce
           suffice
           to
           their
           return
           ;
           some
           shewed
           him
           their
           gray
           hairs
           ,
           some
           their
           wounds
           ,
           some
           their
           bodies
           consumed
           with
           sickness
           ,
           and
           some
           their
           bodies
           with
           the
           loss
           of
           blood
           .
           They
           onely
           (
           they
           said
           )
           were
           the
           men
           who
           enduced
           the
           continual
           war-fare
           of
           two
           Kings
           ,
           Philip
           and
           Alexander
           :
           They
           did
           entreat
           him
           that
           he
           would
           restore
           their
           Relicts
           and
           what
           was
           left
           of
           them
           to
           the
           graves
           of
           their
           Fathers
           ,
           there
           being
           no
           defect
           in
           their
           zeal
           ,
           but
           in
           their
           age
           :
           Howsoever
           ,
           if
           he
           would
           not
           spare
           his
           Souldiers
           ,
           that
           he
           would
           spare
           himself
           ,
           and
           not
           weary
           his
           good
           Fortune
           by
           too
           much
           oppressing
           it
           ;
           Being
           moved
           with
           these
           so
           just
           entreaties
           he
           commanded
           his
           Camp
           (
           as
           to
           give
           an
           end
           to
           his
           Victories
           )
           to
           be
           made
           more
           magnificent
           then
           was
           usual
           ,
           that
           by
           the
           large
           extents
           thereof
           ,
           both
           the
           Enemy
           should
           be
           terrified
           ,
           and
           an
           admiration
           of
           him
           should
           be
           left
           unto
           posterity
           .
           His
           Souldiers
           did
           never
           undertake
           any
           work
           more
           readily
           ;
           and
           their
           adjacent
           Enemies
           being
           slain
           with
           a
           great
           joy
           they
           returned
           unto
           them
           .
        
         
           From
           thence
           he
           marched
           to
           the
           River
           Acesines
           on
           which
           he
           sailed
           to
           the
           Ocean
           ;
           The
           
           Gesonae
           there
           and
           the
           Asybians
           (
           two
           Nations
           of
           whom
           Hercules
           was
           the
           Founder
           )
           did
           submit
           unto
           him
           ;
           from
           thence
           he
           sailed
           to
           the
           Ambrians
           and
           Sycambrians
           ,
           which
           Nations
           with
           fourescore
           thousand
           armed
           foot
           ,
           and
           threescore
           thousand
           horse
           were
           ready
           to
           receive
           him
           ;
           Having
           overthrown
           them
           in
           battel
           he
           did
           lead
           his
           Army
           to
           their
           Citie
           ,
           and
           being
           himself
           the
           first
           man
           that
           scaled
           the
           Walls
           ,
           when
           he
           found
           the
           City
           to
           be
           abandoned
           by
           its
           Defendants
           ,
           he
           leaped
           down
           without
           any
           Guard
           into
           it
           ;
           The
           Enemy
           when
           they
           did
           behold
           him
           alone
           ,
           with
           a
           great
           shout
           from
           every
           place
           ran
           towards
           him
           ,
           to
           try
           if
           in
           one
           man
           they
           could
           end
           the
           wars
           of
           the
           World
           ,
           and
           give
           a
           revenge
           to
           so
           many
           Nations
           .
           Alexander
           did
           as
           resolutely
           resist
           them
           ,
           and
           did
           fight
           alone
           against
           so
           many
           thousands
           :
           It
           is
           incredible
           to
           be
           spoken
           ,
           that
           not
           the
           multitude
           of
           his
           Enemies
           ,
           nor
           the
           pointed
           force
           of
           their
           weapons
           ,
           nor
           the
           cries
           and
           shouts
           they
           made
           provoking
           one
           another
           could
           any
           wayes
           affright
           him
           ;
           he
           alone
           did
           kill
           and
           put
           to
           flight
           so
           many
           thousands
           of
           them
           ;
           but
           when
           he
           perceiv'd
           that
           he
           began
           to
           be
           over-powred
           by
           their
           numbers
           ,
           he
           applyed
           himself
           to
           the
           body
           of
           a
           Tree
           that
           stood
           close
           unto
           the
           Wall
           ,
           by
           which
           defence
           he
           along
           time
           did
           sustain
           their
           multitudes
           :
           His
           friends
           at
           length
           (
           the
           danger
           being
           understood
           )
           did
           leap
           down
           unto
           him
           ,
           of
           which
           many
           were
           
           slain
           ,
           and
           the
           battels
           continued
           doubtful
           until
           all
           his
           Army
           (
           the
           Walls
           being
           thrown
           down
           )
           did
           come
           to
           his
           assistance
           :
           In
           this
           fight
           being
           shot
           with
           an
           arrow
           under
           the
           breast
           ,
           he
           fainted
           ▪
           through
           the
           loss
           of
           blood
           ,
           yet
           he
           fought
           so
           long
           with
           one
           knee
           on
           the
           ground
           until
           he
           had
           killed
           him
           who
           wounded
           him
           .
           The
           cure
           of
           the
           wound
           was
           more
           grievous
           then
           the
           wound
           it self
           ;
           but
           being
           at
           last
           restored
           from
           almost
           a
           desperation
           of
           recovery
           ,
           he
           sent
           Polipercon
           with
           his
           Army
           unto
           Babylon
           .
           He
           himself
           with
           a
           selected
           number
           of
           Souldiers
           did
           go
           aboard
           his
           Fleet
           to
           make
           some
           discovery
           on
           the
           Ocean
           .
           When
           he
           landed
           at
           the
           City
           of
           King
           Ambigerus
           ,
           the
           Inhabitants
           understanding
           that
           he
           was
           not
           to
           be
           overcome
           by
           the
           sword
           ,
           did
           arm
           their
           Darts
           with
           poyson
           ,
           and
           with
           a
           double
           wound
           of
           death
           ,
           forcing
           their
           Enemies
           to
           retreat
           from
           their
           Walls
           ,
           they
           killed
           many
           of
           them
           .
           When
           amongst
           others
           ,
           Ptolomy
           was
           deadly
           wounded
           ,
           and
           was
           even
           ready
           to
           expire
           ,
           an
           herb
           was
           shown
           to
           the
           King
           in
           his
           sleep
           as
           a
           remedy
           for
           the
           poyson
           ;
           which
           being
           found
           out
           and
           steeped
           in
           Ptolomys
           drinck
           ,
           he
           was
           suddenly
           delivered
           from
           the
           danger
           ,
           and
           by
           this
           remedy
           the
           greater
           part
           of
           the
           Army
           was
           preserved
           .
           The
           City
           being
           taken
           ,
           he
           returned
           to
           his
           ships
           and
           sacrificed
           to
           the
           Ocean
           ,
           imploring
           a
           happy
           return
           into
           his
           Country
           ;
           And
           (
           as
           a
           Chariot
           driven
           about
           
           the
           gole
           )
           having
           put
           bounds
           unto
           his
           Empire
           ,
           where
           the
           creeks
           ,
           or
           the
           solitudes
           of
           the
           Land
           did
           suffer
           him
           to
           pass
           ,
           or
           the
           Sea
           was
           navigable
           ,
           he
           was
           at
           last
           brought
           by
           a
           favourable
           tide
           into
           the
           mouth
           of
           the
           River
           of
           Indus
           .
           There
           as
           a
           Monument
           of
           what
           he
           had
           done
           ,
           he
           builded
           the
           City
           of
           Barce
           ,
           and
           erected
           Altars
           ,
           having
           left
           one
           of
           his
           friends
           as
           his
           Lieutenant
           over
           the
           Maritine
           Indians
           :
           Being
           afterwards
           to
           march
           altogether
           by
           Land
           ,
           having
           understood
           that
           the
           places
           were
           dry
           ,
           about
           the
           middle
           of
           his
           way
           he
           caused
           Wells
           to
           be
           digged
           ,
           and
           great
           store
           of
           fresh
           water
           being
           found
           he
           came
           to
           Babylon
           .
           Many
           of
           the
           conquered
           Nations
           did
           there
           by
           their
           Ambassadors
           accuse
           his
           Lieutenants
           ,
           whom
           Alexander
           without
           any
           respect
           of
           friendship
           did
           cause
           to
           be
           put
           to
           death
           in
           the
           sight
           of
           the
           Ambassadors
           .
           After
           this
           he
           took
           to
           marriage
           Statyra
           the
           daughter
           of
           King
           Darius
           ,
           and
           gave
           in
           marriage
           to
           the
           Princes
           of
           the
           Macedons
           the
           most
           noble
           of
           the
           Virgins
           chosen
           cut
           of
           all
           Nations
           ,
           that
           by
           the
           community
           of
           the
           fact
           ,
           the
           fault
           of
           the
           King
           might
           appear
           the
           less
           .
           He
           then
           called
           his
           Army
           together
           ,
           &
           promised
           at
           his
           own
           charges
           to
           pay
           all
           their
           debts
           ,
           that
           intirely
           they
           might
           carry
           home
           with
           them
           both
           their
           booty
           and
           their
           pay
           .
           This
           munificence
           was
           remarkable
           ,
           not
           onely
           for
           the
           sum
           but
           for
           the
           ground
           of
           the
           Gift
           ,
           nor
           was
           it
           more
           grateful
           to
           the
           Debtors
           
           then
           to
           the
           Credit●rs
           ,
           because
           the
           exaction
           as
           well
           as
           the
           solution
           was
           of
           equal
           difficulty
           to
           them
           both
           :
           Three
           and
           twenty
           thousand
           Talents
           were
           layd
           forth
           in
           this
           largess
           .
           The
           old
           Souldiers
           being
           dismissed
           ,
           he
           supplyed
           his
           Army
           with
           those
           of
           younger
           age
           ,
           who
           being
           retained
           did
           murmur
           at
           the
           departure
           of
           the
           old
           Souldiers
           ,
           and
           demanded
           to
           be
           discharged
           themselves
           ;
           they
           required
           that
           Alexander
           would
           not
           number
           their
           yeers
           but
           their
           pay
           unto
           them
           ;
           and
           being
           chosen
           into
           the
           same
           war
           with
           old
           Souldiers
           ,
           they
           thought
           it
           just
           they
           should
           be
           disobliged
           of
           their
           oath
           with
           them
           ;
           at
           last
           they
           turn'd
           their
           entreaties
           to
           reproaches
           ,
           and
           told
           him
           since
           he
           had
           so
           great
           a
           minde
           to
           it
           ,
           he
           should
           end
           the
           wars
           alone
           with
           his
           Father
           
             Hammon
             .
             Alexander
          
           on
           the
           other
           side
           ,
           sometimes
           did
           chastise
           his
           Souldiers
           ,
           sometimes
           he
           did
           perswade
           them
           that
           they
           would
           not
           with
           seditions
           clow'd
           the
           glory
           of
           their
           warfare
           .
           At
           the
           last
           ,
           when
           he
           found
           that
           he
           prevailed
           nothing
           by
           words
           ,
           he
           leaped
           unarmed
           from
           the
           tribunal
           amongst
           the
           armed
           multitude
           ,
           to
           apprehend
           the
           authors
           of
           the
           sedition
           ,
           and
           no
           man
           opposing
           him
           ,
           he
           with
           his
           own
           hand
           took
           twelve
           of
           them
           and
           hurried
           them
           to
           punishment
           ;
           either
           the
           fear
           of
           the
           King
           did
           give
           them
           so
           great
           a
           patience
           to
           die
           ,
           or
           the
           Discipline
           of
           the
           war
           did
           give
           the
           King
           so
           great
           a
           constancy
           to
           exact
           punishment
           
           of
           them
           .
           After
           this
           ,
           having
           called
           the
           Auxiliaries
           of
           the
           Persians
           to
           convention
           by
           themselves
           ,
           he
           extolled
           their
           perpetual
           fidelity
           ,
           both
           towards
           himself
           and
           towards
           their
           former
           Kings
           :
           He
           made
           mention
           of
           his
           benefits
           to
           them
           ,
           and
           that
           he
           never
           did
           deport
           himself
           towards
           them
           as
           being
           conquered
           ,
           but
           rather
           as
           the
           Companions
           of
           his
           Conquests
           ;
           lastly
           ,
           that
           he
           transposed
           himself
           into
           their
           manners
           and
           fashions
           ,
           and
           not
           they
           into
           the
           manners
           of
           his
           Country
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           Conquerors
           did
           mingle
           in
           marriage
           and
           affinity
           with
           the
           conquered
           ;
           He
           declared
           that
           he
           was
           now
           resolved
           to
           commit
           the
           Custody
           of
           his
           Body
           not
           to
           the
           Macedons
           onely
           but
           to
           them
           ;
           And
           accordingly
           he
           chose
           out
           of
           their
           young
           men
           one
           thousand
           of
           them
           to
           be
           in
           the
           number
           of
           his
           Guard
           ;
           he
           mingled
           also
           a
           party
           of
           the
           Persian
           Auxiliaries
           with
           his
           own
           Army
           to
           inure
           themselves
           to
           the
           Discipline
           of
           the
           Macedons
           ,
           which
           the
           Macedons
           took
           much
           to
           heart
           ,
           alledging
           that
           the
           Enemies
           of
           the
           King
           were
           overcome
           by
           him
           for
           their
           own
           advantage
           .
           Then
           they
           all
           weeping
           did
           repair
           unto
           him
           ,
           and
           besought
           him
           that
           he
           would
           rather
           satisfie
           himself
           with
           their
           punishments
           then
           with
           their
           ignominy
           .
           By
           which
           modesty
           they
           prevailed
           so
           much
           upon
           him
           ,
           that
           he
           dis-authorized
           eleven
           thousand
           of
           the
           antient
           Souldiers
           .
           Of
           his
           old
           friends
           there
           were
           dismissed
           Polypercon
           ,
           and
           
             Clytus
             ,
             Gorgias
             ,
             Polydamas
          
           ,
           and
           Antigonus
           .
           
           In
           their
           return
           ,
           Craterus
           was
           appointed
           to
           be
           their
           chief
           ,
           who
           was
           also
           to
           be
           the
           Kings
           Lieutenant
           in
           Macedonia
           in
           the
           place
           of
           Antipater
           ,
           who
           was
           called
           out
           of
           Macedonia
           to
           bring
           some
           Recruits
           unto
           the
           Army
           and
           to
           be
           in
           the
           place
           of
           Craterus
           :
           Their
           pay
           was
           given
           to
           them
           in
           their
           return
           ,
           as
           if
           they
           had
           continned
           still
           in
           the
           Army
           .
        
         
           Whiles
           these
           things
           were
           thus
           managed
           ,
           Ephestion
           dyed
           ,
           one
           of
           the
           Kings
           friends
           ,
           and
           most
           deer
           unto
           him
           both
           by
           the
           endowments
           of
           his
           beauty
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           obsequiousness
           of
           his
           youth
           ,
           whom
           Alexander
           contrary
           to
           the
           dignity
           of
           a
           King
           ,
           did
           a
           long
           time
           lament
           ,
           and
           erected
           him
           a
           Tomb
           on
           which
           he
           layd
           forth
           twelve
           thousand
           Talents
           ,
           and
           commanded
           after
           he
           was
           dead
           ,
           that
           he
           should
           be
           worship'd
           as
           a
           god
           .
        
         
           Returning
           to
           Babylon
           from
           the
           furthest
           shores
           of
           the
           Ocean
           ,
           he
           was
           informed
           that
           Ambassadors
           from
           Carthage
           and
           other
           Cities
           of
           Africk
           ,
           as
           also
           from
           
             Spain
             ,
             Sicily
             ,
             France
          
           and
           Sardinia
           ,
           and
           from
           divers
           Cities
           of
           Italy
           ,
           did
           attend
           his
           arrival
           .
           The
           terror
           of
           his
           name
           had
           so
           possessed
           the
           whole
           World
           ,
           that
           all
           Nations
           submitted
           to
           him
           as
           to
           their
           destined
           King
           :
           For
           this
           cause
           approaching
           to
           Babylon
           to
           keep
           as
           it
           were
           a
           Parliament
           of
           the
           World
           ,
           some
           of
           the
           Magicians
           did
           advise
           him
           not
           to
           enter
           into
           the
           City
           ,
           affirming
           that
           it
           would
           be
           
           fatal
           to
           him
           :
           wherefore
           Babylon
           being
           omited
           ,
           he
           turned
           aside
           to
           Byrsia
           an
           unpeopled
           City
           ,
           on
           the
           other
           side
           of
           Euphrates
           ;
           He
           was
           there
           importuned
           by
           Anaxarchus
           the
           Philosopher
           to
           despise
           again
           the
           presages
           of
           the
           Magicians
           as
           things
           false
           and
           uncertain
           ,
           and
           unknown
           to
           men
           if
           proceeding
           from
           the
           Fates
           ,
           or
           if
           from
           Nature
           ,
           not
           to
           be
           prevented
           .
           Being
           returned
           therefore
           to
           Babylon
           ,
           after
           the
           leisures
           of
           many
           days
           ,
           he
           again
           prepared
           a
           solemn
           Feast
           ,
           which
           sometimes
           before
           he
           had
           intermitted
           ,
           where
           having
           devoted
           himself
           altogether
           to
           mirth
           ,
           in
           the
           excess
           of
           drinking
           he
           added
           night
           unto
           the
           day
           :
           
             Thessalius
             Medius
          
           afterwards
           to
           a
           new
           Bower
           did
           invite
           both
           him
           and
           his
           Companions
           ;
           having
           taken
           the
           Cup
           into
           his
           hand
           ,
           in
           the
           middle
           of
           his
           draught
           he
           groaned
           as
           if
           he
           had
           been
           struck
           through
           with
           a
           sword
           ,
           and
           being
           carryed
           half
           dead
           from
           the
           Banquet
           ,
           he
           was
           tormented
           with
           so
           great
           a
           pain
           ,
           that
           to
           free
           himself
           of
           it
           ,
           he
           demanded
           for
           a
           sword
           ,
           and
           his
           body
           became
           so
           extreamly
           tender
           ,
           that
           he
           complained
           at
           the
           touches
           of
           his
           friends
           ,
           as
           if
           he
           had
           received
           so
           many
           wounds
           .
           His
           friends
           divulged
           the
           cause
           of
           his
           disease
           to
           be
           a
           distemper
           by
           the
           excess
           of
           wine
           ,
           when
           indeed
           it
           was
           treason
           ,
           the
           infamy
           whereof
           the
           powerfulness
           of
           his
           Successors
           did
           suppress
           .
           The
           Authour
           of
           the
           Treason
           was
           Antipater
           ,
           who
           
           when
           he
           beheld
           the
           dearest
           of
           his
           friends
           commanded
           to
           death
           ,
           his
           Son-in-law
           
             Alexander
             Lycestos
          
           slain
           ,
           and
           himself
           having
           done
           considerable
           service
           in
           Greece
           ,
           not
           respected
           only
           ,
           but
           also
           made
           distastful
           to
           the
           King
           ,
           and
           morever
           accused
           by
           his
           Mother
           Olympias
           for
           divers
           insolencies
           :
           when
           he
           considered
           also
           some
           few
           daies
           before
           ,
           what
           were
           the
           punishments
           which
           the
           Lieutenants
           of
           the
           conquered
           Nations
           too
           cruelly
           indured
           ,
           and
           conjectured
           that
           he
           himself
           was
           called
           out
           of
           Macedonia
           ,
           not
           to
           the
           society
           of
           the
           war
           but
           to
           be
           a
           partaker
           of
           their
           punishment
           ;
           therefore
           to
           make
           sure
           work
           with
           the
           King
           ,
           he
           with
           poyson
           suborn'd
           his
           Son
           Cassander
           ,
           who
           with
           his
           brother
           Philip
           and
           Jolla
           were
           accustomed
           to
           minister
           unto
           him
           ;
           So
           great
           was
           the
           strength
           of
           this
           poyson
           ,
           that
           it
           could
           not
           be
           contained
           either
           in
           Iron
           or
           in
           Brass
           ,
           or
           in
           any
           shell
           ,
           and
           could
           no
           way
           be
           carryed
           ,
           but
           in
           the
           hoof
           of
           an
           horse
           .
           Cassander
           was
           instructed
           that
           he
           should
           not
           commit
           the
           trust
           of
           it
           unto
           any
           but
           to
           Thessalus
           and
           his
           brothers
           .
           For
           this
           cause
           therefore
           the
           Feast
           was
           prepared
           and
           renewed
           in
           the
           house
           of
           
             Thessalus
             .
             Philip
          
           and
           Jollas
           ,
           who
           were
           accustomed
           to
           take
           an
           assay
           of
           the
           Kings
           Cup
           ,
           had
           the
           poyson
           ready
           in
           cold
           water
           ,
           and
           having
           tasted
           of
           the
           wine
           they
           put
           the
           poyson
           afterwards
           into
           it
           .
           Four
           days
           afterwards
           ,
           Alexander
           finding
           that
           death
           undoubtedly
           was
           approaching
           ,
           he
           said
           ,
           
           that
           he
           acknowledged
           the
           fate
           of
           the
           Family
           of
           his
           Ancestors
           (
           most
           of
           the
           Aeacidans
           dying
           about
           the
           thirtieth
           yeer
           of
           their
           age
           :
           )
           After
           this
           he
           pacified
           the
           Souldiers
           growing
           into
           tumults
           ,
           and
           suspecting
           that
           he
           perished
           by
           treason
           ,
           and
           being
           brought
           into
           the
           highest
           and
           the
           most
           conspicuous
           place
           of
           the
           City
           ,
           he
           did
           admit
           them
           all
           into
           his
           presence
           ,
           and
           gave
           them
           his
           right
           hand
           to
           kiss
           .
           When
           they
           all
           wept
           ,
           he
           was
           seen
           to
           be
           not
           onely
           without
           tears
           himself
           ,
           but
           without
           the
           least
           show
           of
           a
           troubled
           minde
           ,
           and
           comforted
           some
           who
           impatiently
           did
           lament
           ;
           he
           gave
           to
           others
           his
           instructions
           to
           deliver
           from
           him
           to
           their
           Parents
           ;
           so
           invincible
           was
           his
           courage
           now
           against
           death
           ,
           as
           it
           was
           before
           against
           his
           Enemies
           .
           The
           Souldiers
           being
           dismissed
           ,
           he
           demanded
           of
           his
           friends
           who
           stood
           round
           about
           him
           ,
           if
           they
           thought
           they
           should
           finde
           another
           King
           that
           was
           like
           unto
           him
           ?
           they
           all
           holding
           their
           peace
           ,
           he
           said
           ,
           that
           as
           he
           himself
           was
           ignorant
           of
           that
           ,
           so
           he
           was
           confident
           of
           this
           ,
           and
           did
           presage
           it
           ,
           and
           did
           almost
           with
           his
           eyes
           behold
           how
           much
           blood
           Macedonia
           should
           lose
           in
           this
           contention
           ,
           and
           with
           how
           many
           slaughters
           she
           would
           parentate
           to
           him
           being
           dead
           :
           At
           the
           last
           ,
           he
           commanded
           his
           body
           to
           be
           burryed
           in
           the
           Temple
           of
           Hammon
           .
           When
           his
           friends
           beheld
           him
           to
           faint
           away
           ,
           they
           demanded
           whom
           he
           would
           make
           heir
           of
           his
           Empire
           ?
           he
           made
           answer
           ,
           
           The
           most
           worthy
           .
           So
           great
           was
           the
           magnitude
           of
           his
           minde
           ,
           that
           when
           he
           had
           left
           behind
           him
           his
           Son
           Hercules
           ,
           his
           brother
           Aridaeus
           ,
           and
           his
           wife
           Roxane
           great
           with
           child
           ,
           forgetting
           those
           obligations
           ,
           he
           did
           nominate
           the
           most
           worthy
           to
           be
           his
           heir
           ;
           as
           if
           it
           were
           a
           sin
           ,
           that
           any
           but
           a
           valiant
           man
           should
           succeed
           a
           valiant
           man
           ,
           or
           the
           wealth
           of
           so
           great
           an
           Empire
           should
           be
           left
           to
           any
           but
           to
           approved
           resolutions
           :
           With
           these
           words
           as
           if
           he
           had
           sounded
           into
           his
           friends
           ears
           a
           charge
           unto
           the
           battel
           ,
           or
           had
           sent
           the
           evil
           spirit
           of
           discord
           amongst
           them
           ,
           they
           all
           grew
           immediatly
           jealous
           of
           one
           another
           ,
           and
           in
           a
           popular
           ambition
           ,
           did
           all
           tacitely
           seek
           the
           favour
           of
           the
           Souldiers
           .
           On
           the
           sixth
           day
           ,
           being
           speechless
           ,
           having
           taken
           his
           Ring
           from
           his
           finger
           he
           delivered
           it
           to
           Perdicas
           ,
           which
           for
           the
           present
           did
           pacifie
           a
           little
           the
           growing
           dissention
           of
           his
           friends
           ;
           for
           although
           he
           was
           not
           named
           Heir
           by
           voyce
           ,
           yet
           by
           choyce
           he
           seemed
           to
           be
           elected
           .
           Alexander
           deceased
           being
           three
           and
           thirty
           yeers
           of
           age
           and
           one
           month
           ,
           a
           man
           endued
           with
           a
           mightiness
           of
           spirit
           above
           the
           capacity
           of
           men
           .
           On
           that
           night
           when
           his
           Mother
           Olympias
           did
           conceive
           him
           ,
           she
           seemed
           in
           her
           sleep
           to
           have
           commerce
           with
           a
           great
           Serpent
           ,
           neither
           was
           she
           deceived
           in
           her
           dream
           ,
           which
           by
           God
           was
           presented
           to
           her
           ;
           for
           undoubtedly
           she
           had
           in
           her
           womb
           a
           burden
           
           above
           the
           condition
           of
           mortality
           ;
           and
           although
           the
           generation
           of
           the
           Aeacidans
           from
           the
           first
           memory
           of
           Ages
           ,
           and
           the
           Kingdoms
           of
           her
           Father
           ,
           brother
           ,
           and
           husband
           ,
           and
           of
           her
           Ancestors
           before
           them
           ,
           did
           render
           his
           mother
           most
           illustrious
           ,
           yet
           she
           was
           not
           more
           famous
           by
           any
           Title
           ,
           then
           by
           the
           name
           of
           her
           Son.
           There
           appeared
           also
           many
           presages
           of
           his
           greatness
           on
           the
           day
           of
           his
           birth
           ;
           for
           two
           Eagles
           flying
           all
           that
           day
           round
           about
           the
           place
           ,
           did
           pearch
           at
           last
           upon
           the
           Battlements
           of
           his
           Fathers
           Court
           ,
           prognosticating
           unto
           him
           ,
           the
           two
           Empires
           of
           Europe
           and
           Asia
           ,
           and
           on
           the
           same
           day
           his
           Father
           received
           the
           glad
           tidings
           of
           two
           Victories
           ,
           the
           one
           in
           Illyria
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           in
           the
           Olympick
           race
           ,
           to
           which
           places
           he
           sent
           some
           Chariots
           drawn
           all
           with
           four
           horses
           ,
           which
           portented
           to
           the
           Infant
           the
           victory
           of
           the
           whole
           World.
           He
           was
           of
           an
           admirable
           apprehension
           in
           the
           study
           of
           letters
           ,
           and
           having
           passed
           his
           minority
           ,
           he
           for
           the
           space
           of
           five
           yeers
           had
           his
           education
           under
           Aristotle
           ,
           the
           most
           excellent
           of
           all
           the
           Philosophers
           .
           Being
           invested
           in
           his
           Fathers
           Kingdom
           ,
           he
           commanded
           that
           in
           his
           Title
           he
           should
           be
           called
           King
           of
           all
           Lands
           and
           Lord
           of
           the
           World.
           So
           great
           a
           confidence
           had
           his
           Souldiers
           in
           him
           that
           he
           being
           present
           they
           feared
           not
           ,
           though
           unarmed
           ,
           the
           arms
           of
           any
           Enemy
           .
           He
           therefore
           never
           encountred
           any
           
           Enemy
           whom
           he
           did
           not
           overcome
           ,
           nor
           besieged
           any
           City
           which
           he
           did
           not
           take
           ,
           nor
           invaded
           any
           Nation
           over
           whom
           he
           did
           not
           triumph
           .
           At
           the
           last
           ,
           he
           was
           overcome
           not
           by
           any
           prowess
           of
           the
           Enemy
           but
           by
           Treason
           and
           the
           Civil
           fraud
           of
           his
           own
           Subjects
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           Thirteenth
           BOOK
           OF
           IVSTINE
           .
        
         
           ALexander
           the
           Great
           being
           deceased
           in
           the
           flower
           of
           his
           Age
           and
           the
           height
           of
           his
           Victories
           ,
           a
           sad
           silence
           there
           was
           over
           all
           Babylon
           and
           over
           all
           men
           .
           The
           conquered
           and
           barbarous
           Nations
           would
           not
           believe
           the
           report
           ,
           who
           believ'd
           him
           to
           be
           as
           immortal
           as
           he
           was
           invincible
           ;
           They
           called
           to
           minde
           how
           often
           he
           had
           been
           pluckt
           from
           sudden
           death
           ,
           how
           often
           his
           sword
           being
           broke
           ,
           and
           his
           buckler
           slipt
           from
           his
           hand
           ,
           he
           on
           a
           sudden
           presented
           himself
           to
           his
           Souldiers
           not
           onely
           safe
           but
           a
           Conqueror
           .
           But
           as
           soon
           as
           it
           was
           believed
           that
           he
           was
           
           dead
           ,
           all
           the
           barbarous
           Nations
           ,
           whom
           not
           long
           before
           he
           overcame
           ,
           did
           leave
           him
           not
           as
           an
           Enemy
           but
           a
           Father
           .
           The
           mother
           also
           of
           Darius
           (
           who
           her
           son
           being
           lost
           ,
           yet
           repented
           not
           by
           the
           indulgence
           of
           the
           Conqueror
           that
           she
           lived
           that
           day
           ,
           although
           reduced
           from
           the
           height
           of
           Majesty
           into
           Captivity
           )
           having
           heard
           of
           the
           death
           of
           Alexander
           ,
           she
           wilfully
           ended
           her
           own
           life
           ,
           not
           that
           she
           preferr'd
           an
           Enemy
           above
           her
           Son
           ,
           but
           because
           she
           found
           the
           piety
           of
           a
           Son
           in
           him
           whom
           she
           had
           fear'd
           as
           an
           Enemy
           .
           On
           the
           other
           side
           the
           Macedons
           did
           rejoyce
           as
           if
           they
           had
           lost
           rather
           an
           Enemy
           then
           a
           Citizen
           and
           a
           King
           of
           so
           great
           a
           Majesty
           ,
           condemning
           his
           great
           severity
           ,
           and
           the
           daily
           dangers
           of
           the
           war.
           To
           this
           you
           may
           add
           that
           the
           Princes
           looked
           after
           the
           Soveraignty
           of
           command
           ,
           the
           common
           Souldiers
           after
           the
           treasure
           and
           the
           heavie
           and
           great
           weight
           of
           gold
           as
           an
           unexpected
           booty
           ,
           those
           bending
           their
           thoughts
           to
           the
           succession
           of
           his
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           these
           to
           the
           inheritance
           of
           his
           riches
           ;
           for
           you
           are
           to
           understand
           that
           there
           was
           in
           the
           treasury
           one
           hundred
           thousand
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           office
           of
           the
           yeerly
           revenews
           by
           tributes
           three
           hundred
           thousand
           Talents
           ;
           But
           the
           friends
           of
           Alexander
           did
           not
           undeservedly
           expect
           the
           Kingdom
           ;
           for
           they
           were
           of
           that
           vertue
           and
           veneration
           that
           you
           would
           have
           believ'd
           every
           one
           of
           them
           to
           be
           a
           
           King
           ,
           such
           a
           graceful
           beauty
           of
           countenance
           ,
           such
           a
           tall
           streightness
           of
           body
           ,
           such
           a
           greatness
           and
           vigor
           of
           strength
           and
           wisdom
           were
           in
           them
           all
           ,
           that
           they
           who
           did
           not
           know
           them
           ,
           would
           have
           judged
           them
           not
           to
           be
           selected
           out
           of
           one
           people
           ,
           but
           out
           of
           all
           the
           Nations
           in
           the
           Earth
           .
           For
           never
           Macedonia
           before
           ,
           nor
           any
           other
           Nation
           did
           flourish
           in
           the
           production
           of
           such
           famous
           men
           ,
           whom
           Philip
           first
           of
           all
           ,
           and
           after
           him
           Alexander
           did
           select
           with
           so
           much
           care
           ,
           that
           they
           seemed
           not
           so
           much
           to
           be
           chosen
           into
           the
           society
           of
           the
           war
           ,
           as
           into
           the
           succession
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           .
           Who
           would
           therefore
           wonder
           that
           the
           world
           should
           be
           conquered
           by
           such
           ministrators
           ,
           when
           the
           Army
           of
           the
           Macedons
           was
           governed
           rather
           by
           so
           many
           Kings
           then
           Captains
           ,
           who
           never
           had
           found
           any
           equal
           to
           them
           ,
           if
           they
           had
           not
           fallen
           out
           amongst
           themselves
           ;
           and
           Macedonia
           in
           the
           roome
           of
           one
           should
           have
           had
           many
           Alexanders
           ,
           if
           Fortune
           had
           not
           armed
           them
           by
           the
           emulation
           of
           their
           vertue
           into
           their
           mutual
           destruction
           .
        
         
           But
           Alexander
           being
           deceas'd
           ,
           they
           were
           neither
           secure
           nor
           joyful
           ,
           drawing
           both
           their
           persons
           and
           competitions
           into
           one
           place
           ,
           neither
           were
           the
           common
           Souldiers
           less
           sollicitous
           ,
           whose
           liberty
           was
           more
           dissolute
           ,
           and
           whose
           favor
           more
           uncertain
           :
           Their
           equality
           
           did
           encrease
           their
           discord
           ,
           not
           one
           of
           them
           all
           so
           excelling
           another
           ▪
           that
           any
           one
           of
           them
           should
           submit
           unto
           him
           .
           Therefore
           putting
           on
           their
           Arms
           ,
           they
           came
           all
           unto
           the
           Court
           to
           form
           a
           new
           State
           according
           to
           the
           emergency
           of
           the
           present
           affairs
           .
           Perdiccas
           was
           of
           judgement
           ,
           that
           they
           should
           attend
           the
           Issue
           of
           Roxanes
           womb
           ,
           who
           being
           eight
           Moneths
           with
           childe
           ,
           was
           almost
           ready
           to
           be
           delivered
           ,
           &
           if
           she
           brought
           forth
           a
           Boy
           ,
           that
           he
           should
           be
           his
           Successor
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           .
           Meleager
           denied
           that
           the
           Counsels
           ought
           to
           be
           delayed
           to
           the
           doubtful
           events
           of
           the
           birth
           of
           the
           child
           ,
           neither
           ought
           they
           to
           attend
           when
           Kings
           should
           be
           born
           unto
           them
           ,
           when
           they
           might
           make
           choyce
           of
           those
           who
           were
           born
           already
           ;
           for
           if
           they
           would
           have
           a
           child
           ,
           there
           was
           at
           Pergamus
           the
           Son
           of
           Alexander
           ,
           begotten
           on
           Arsine
           ;
           or
           if
           they
           would
           rather
           have
           a
           young
           man
           ,
           there
           was
           in
           the
           Camp
           Aridaeus
           the
           brother
           and
           companion
           of
           Alexander
           ,
           and
           most
           acceptable
           to
           all
           ,
           though
           not
           in
           his
           own
           ,
           yet
           in
           the
           name
           and
           notion
           of
           Philip
           his
           Father
           .
           He
           alledged
           that
           Roxane
           received
           her
           original
           from
           the
           Persians
           ,
           neither
           was
           it
           lawful
           that
           Kings
           should
           be
           derived
           to
           the
           Macedons
           from
           those
           whose
           Kingdoms
           they
           destroyed
           ,
           and
           that
           Alexander
           himself
           was
           against
           it
           ,
           who
           dying
           made
           no
           mention
           of
           him
           .
           Ptolomy
           refused
           Aridaeus
           to
           be
           King
           ,
           not
           onely
           by
           reason
           of
           his
           Mothers
           infamy
           ,
           being
           begot
           on
           
           Larissaea
           the
           Danceress
           ,
           but
           also
           by
           reason
           of
           his
           own
           incapacity
           ,
           least
           he
           having
           the
           Title
           onely
           ,
           another
           should
           govern
           the
           Empire
           ;
           it
           was
           therefore
           better
           he
           said
           to
           make
           choyce
           of
           those
           who
           in
           regard
           of
           their
           virtue
           were
           next
           unto
           the
           King
           ,
           who
           might
           govern
           the
           Provinces
           ,
           and
           might
           command
           war
           or
           peace
           ,
           then
           to
           subject
           themselves
           to
           the
           command
           of
           unworthy
           men
           under
           the
           pretence
           of
           a
           King.
           
        
         
           The
           opinion
           of
           Perdiccas
           was
           approved
           by
           the
           consent
           of
           all
           :
           It
           was
           therefore
           agreed
           upon
           ,
           that
           they
           should
           attend
           untill
           Roxane
           was
           delivered
           of
           her
           child
           ,
           and
           if
           it
           were
           a
           Male
           ,
           that
           
             Leonatus
             ,
             Perdiccas
             ,
             Craterus
          
           and
           Antipater
           should
           be
           his
           Guardians
           ,
           and
           immediately
           they
           every
           one
           did
           take
           their
           oaths
           to
           perform
           the
           office
           of
           a
           Guardian
           .
           When
           all
           the
           horsemen
           did
           the
           like
           ,
           the
           foot
           being
           offended
           ,
           that
           they
           were
           not
           assumed
           into
           the
           participation
           of
           their
           Counsels
           ,
           did
           choose
           Aridaeus
           the
           brother
           of
           Alexander
           to
           be
           their
           King
           ,
           and
           did
           provide
           him
           with
           a
           Guard
           out
           of
           their
           own
           Companies
           ,
           and
           commanded
           that
           he
           should
           be
           called
           Philip
           after
           the
           name
           of
           his
           Father
           ,
           which
           when
           it
           was
           reporred
           unto
           the
           Horsemen
           ,
           they
           sent
           two
           of
           the
           Nobility
           ,
           Attalus
           and
           Meleager
           to
           pacifie
           their
           minds
           ,
           who
           seeking
           a
           new
           power
           to
           themselves
           by
           a
           compliance
           with
           the
           people
           ,
           omitting
           their
           legation
           ,
           did
           accord
           with
           them
           .
           On
           this
           the
           sedition
           did
           encrease
           ,
           
           and
           it
           began
           now
           to
           have
           both
           head
           and
           Counsel
           .
           The
           foot
           being
           all
           in
           arms
           did
           break
           into
           the
           Court
           to
           destroy
           their
           Cavalry
           ,
           which
           being
           understood
           ,
           the
           Horse
           surprized
           with
           fear
           ,
           did
           abandon
           the
           City
           ,
           and
           having
           encamped
           not
           far
           from
           it
           ,
           the
           Foot
           themselves
           were
           startled
           at
           it
           .
           But
           the
           contestation
           of
           the
           Nobility
           ceased
           not
           :
           Attalus
           did
           send
           to
           kill
           Perdiccas
           who
           was
           Captain
           of
           the
           other
           party
           ,
           to
           whom
           ,
           being
           armed
           and
           out-daring
           them
           ,
           when
           the
           Executioner
           durst
           not
           approach
           ,
           Perdiccas
           was
           of
           so
           great
           a
           resolution
           ,
           that
           of
           his
           own
           accord
           he
           came
           unto
           them
           ,
           and
           admonished
           them
           to
           look
           back
           upon
           the
           crime
           which
           they
           were
           about
           to
           commit
           ,
           and
           consider
           against
           whom
           they
           had
           taken
           arms
           ,
           not
           Persians
           ,
           but
           Macedons
           ,
           not
           enemies
           ,
           but
           Citizens
           ,
           and
           most
           of
           them
           their
           nearest
           kinsmen
           ,
           certainly
           their
           fellow
           Souldiers
           ,
           and
           companions
           in
           the
           same
           Tents
           and
           dangers
           ;
           it
           would
           be
           a
           gallant
           spectacle
           he
           said
           unto
           their
           Enemies
           ,
           who
           would
           rejoyce
           in
           their
           mutual
           slaughter
           ,
           by
           whose
           arms
           they
           were
           overcome
           ,
           and
           to
           see
           them
           with
           their
           own
           blood
           to
           parentate
           to
           the
           ghosts
           of
           their
           Enemies
           whom
           they
           had
           slain
           .
           When
           Perdiccas
           had
           spoken
           this
           according
           to
           that
           excellent
           eloquence
           which
           was
           natural
           in
           him
           ,
           he
           so
           prevailed
           upon
           the
           Footmen
           ,
           that
           his
           Counsels
           being
           approved
           ,
           he
           was
           chosen
           General
           by
           them
           all
           .
           The
           Horse
           at
           the
           same
           
           time
           being
           reduced
           into
           concord
           with
           the
           Footmen
           ,
           did
           chose
           Aridaeus
           for
           their
           King
           ▪
           But
           a
           portion
           of
           the
           Empire
           was
           reserved
           for
           the
           Son
           of
           Alexander
           ,
           if
           a
           Son
           were
           born
           unto
           him
           :
           When
           this
           was
           done
           ,
           the
           dead
           body
           of
           Alexander
           was
           placed
           in
           the
           midst
           of
           them
           ,
           that
           the
           Majesty
           of
           it
           should
           be
           a
           witness
           to
           their
           Decrees
           :
           These
           things
           being
           composed
           ,
           Antipater
           was
           made
           Governor
           of
           Macedonia
           and
           of
           Greece
           .
           The
           custody
           of
           the
           Treasure
           was
           committed
           to
           Craterus
           :
           The
           care
           of
           the
           Army
           and
           of
           all
           Military
           affairs
           was
           assigned
           to
           Meleager
           and
           Perdiccas
           ;
           And
           Aridaeus
           was
           commanded
           to
           convey
           the
           body
           of
           Alexander
           unto
           the
           Temple
           of
           
             Ammon
             .
             Perdiccas
          
           being
           incensed
           against
           the
           Authors
           of
           the
           sedition
           ,
           did
           on
           a
           sudden
           (
           his
           Colleague
           being
           ignorant
           of
           it
           )
           command
           that
           there
           should
           be
           a
           lustrati●n
           of
           the
           Army
           for
           the
           death
           of
           the
           King
           ;
           and
           having
           brought
           the
           Army
           into
           the
           Field
           ,
           all
           men
           agreeing
           to
           it
           ,
           he
           privately
           commanded
           that
           the
           seditious
           persons
           should
           be
           called
           out
           of
           every
           Band
           ,
           and
           delivered
           to
           punishment
           .
           Being
           returned
           ,
           the
           Provinces
           were
           by
           him
           divided
           amongst
           the
           Princes
           ,
           that
           at
           once
           he
           might
           remove
           the
           Emulators
           ,
           and
           make
           the
           allotments
           in
           the
           Empire
           the
           benefit
           of
           his
           bounty
           .
           Aegypt
           in
           the
           first
           place
           and
           a
           part
           of
           Africa
           and
           Arabia
           did
           come
           by
           lot
           to
           Ptolomy
           ,
           whom
           Alexander
           from
           an
           ordinary
           
           Souldier
           had
           advanced
           for
           his
           Chivalry
           ,
           Cleomenes
           ,
           who
           builded
           Alexandria
           ,
           was
           commanded
           to
           deliver
           that
           Province
           to
           him
           :
           Laomedon
           the
           Mitylaenean
           received
           Syria
           which
           bounded
           on
           it
           ;
           Philotas
           with
           his
           Son
           received
           Cilicia
           and
           
             Illyria
             ;
             Acropatus
          
           was
           Governor
           of
           Media
           the
           greater
           ,
           and
           Alcetes
           the
           brother
           of
           Perdiccas
           was
           set
           over
           Media
           the
           less
           :
           Susia
           and
           the
           Nat
           on
           thereabouts
           was
           assigned
           to
           Synus
           ;
           and
           Phrygia
           the
           greater
           was
           assigned
           to
           Antigonus
           the
           Son
           of
           
             Philip
             :
             Learchus
          
           obtained
           Lycia
           and
           
             Pamphilia
             ;
             Cassander
          
           was
           to
           command
           Caria
           ,
           and
           
             Menander
             Lydia
             ;
             Thracia
          
           and
           the
           Countries
           n●er
           to
           the
           Pontick
           Sea
           were
           given
           to
           Lysimachus
           ,
           and
           Cappadocia
           and
           Paphlagonia
           to
           Eumenes
           .
        
         
           The
           chief
           Tribunalship
           of
           the
           Camp
           was
           given
           to
           Seleuchus
           the
           Son
           of
           
             Antiochus
             ;
             Cassander
          
           the
           Son
           of
           Antipater
           was
           set
           over
           the
           Life-guard
           of
           the
           King
           :
           The
           former
           Lieutenants
           were
           retained
           in
           the
           further
           Bactria
           ,
           and
           the
           Kingdoms
           of
           India
           ;
           but
           Taxiles
           commanded
           all
           betwixt
           the
           two
           Rivers
           Hydaspes
           and
           
             Indus
             ;
             Phiton
          
           the
           Son
           of
           Ag●nor
           was
           sent
           into
           the
           Colonies
           planted
           amongst
           the
           
             Indians
             ;
             Axiarches
          
           was
           to
           command
           the
           Parapomeni
           ,
           and
           bounds
           of
           the
           Moun●a●n
           
             Caucasus
             ;
             Statanor
          
           was
           set
           over
           the
           Dracans
           and
           Argaeans
           ,
           and
           Amyntas
           the
           
             Bractrians
             ;
             Sythaeus
          
           obtained
           the
           
           
             Sogdians
             ,
             Nicanor
          
           the
           
             Parthians
             ,
             Philip
          
           the
           
             Hyrcanians
             ,
             Phratafarnes
          
           the
           
             Armenians
             ,
             Neoptolemus
          
           the
           
             Persians
             ,
             Peucestes
          
           the
           
             Babylonians
             ,
             Arthous
          
           the
           Pelasgians
           ,
           and
           Arche●ilaus
           the
           Mesopotamians
           .
        
         
           This
           division
           of
           the
           Empire
           ,
           which
           was
           as
           a
           fatal
           gift
           to
           every
           one
           ,
           did
           prove
           unto
           many
           a
           subject
           of
           great
           additions
           ;
           for
           not
           long
           after
           as
           if
           they
           had
           divided
           Kingdoms
           ,
           and
           not
           Lieutenantships
           ,
           being
           made
           Kings
           of
           Lieutenants
           ,
           they
           purchased
           great
           wealth
           for
           themselves
           ,
           and
           dying
           ,
           left
           it
           to
           their
           posterity
           .
           When
           this
           was
           done
           in
           the
           East
           ,
           the
           Athenians
           and
           Aetolians
           with
           all
           their
           power
           did
           proceed
           in
           the
           war
           which
           they
           undertook
           Alexander
           being
           alive
           .
           The
           occasion
           of
           the
           war
           was
           ,
           That
           Alexander
           returning
           out
           of
           India
           did
           send
           letters
           into
           Greece
           ,
           by
           which
           the
           banished
           of
           all
           Cities
           were
           restored
           ,
           those
           onely
           excepted
           who
           were
           guilty
           of
           murther
           .
           These
           Letters
           being
           read
           all
           Greece
           being
           present
           at
           the
           Olympick
           Fair
           ,
           a
           great
           combustion
           did
           arise
           ,
           because
           many
           of
           the
           banished
           men
           were
           driven
           from
           their
           Country
           ,
           not
           by
           the
           Laws
           ,
           but
           by
           the
           faction
           of
           the
           Princes
           ,
           who
           feared
           that
           being
           called
           back
           ,
           they
           might
           grow
           more
           powerful
           then
           themselves
           in
           the
           Common-wealth
           .
           Many
           Cities
           d●d
           therefore
           openly
           murmur
           ,
           and
           declared
           that
           their
           liberty
           was
           to
           be
           vindicated
           by
           war.
           The
           Athenians
           and
           Aetolians
           were
           the
           chief
           sticklers
           
           in
           it
           :
           Which
           when
           it
           was
           reported
           to
           Alexander
           ,
           he
           commanded
           that
           a
           Fleet
           of
           one
           thousand
           ships
           should
           be
           in
           readiness
           ,
           with
           which
           he
           would
           prosecute
           war
           in
           the
           West
           ,
           resolving
           with
           a
           strong
           power
           to
           level
           Athens
           to
           the
           ground
           .
        
         
           The
           Athenians
           therefore
           having
           drawn
           an
           Army
           together
           of
           thirty
           thousand
           Souldiers
           ,
           and
           two
           hundred
           ships
           ,
           did
           make
           war
           against
           Antipater
           ,
           who
           by
           lot
           was
           Governor
           of
           Greece
           ,
           and
           delaying
           the
           battel
           ,
           and
           protecting
           himself
           within
           the
           Walls
           of
           Heraclea
           ,
           the
           Athenians
           did
           close
           besiege
           him
           .
           At
           the
           same
           time
           Demosthenes
           the
           Athenian
           Orator
           ,
           who
           was
           driven
           from
           his
           Country
           ,
           being
           condemned
           for
           bribery
           ,
           having
           received
           a
           sum
           of
           gold
           from
           Harpalus
           ,
           and
           who
           fled
           from
           the
           cruelty
           of
           Alexander
           ,
           having
           perswaded
           the
           City
           to
           war
           against
           him
           ,
           did
           lead
           a
           banished
           life
           at
           Megarae
           ,
           who
           when
           he
           understood
           that
           the
           Athenians
           had
           sent
           Hyperides
           their
           Ambassador
           to
           sollicite
           the
           Pelopennensians
           to
           joyn
           in
           war
           with
           them
           ,
           having
           followed
           him
           to
           Syceon
           ,
           he
           by
           his
           Eloquence
           joyned
           
             Arges
             ,
             &
             Corinth
          
           ,
           and
           other
           Cities
           to
           the
           Athenians
           :
           For
           which
           he
           was
           called
           back
           from
           banishment
           ,
           the
           Athenians
           having
           sent
           a
           ship
           to
           meet
           him
           in
           the
           way
           .
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           ,
           Antipater
           being
           besieged
           in
           
             Heraclea
             ,
             Leosthenes
          
           the
           Captain
           of
           the
           Athenians
           was
           slain
           with
           a
           dart
           from
           the
           Wall
           
           as
           he
           came
           to
           give
           some
           directions
           in
           the
           Leaguer
           ,
           which
           so
           encouraged
           Antipater
           ,
           that
           he
           sallyed
           forth
           and
           possessed
           himself
           of
           some
           of
           the
           works
           of
           the
           Enemies
           .
           After
           that
           ,
           he
           by
           his
           Ambassadors
           desired
           help
           of
           Leonatus
           ,
           who
           when
           he
           marched
           to
           his
           assistance
           ,
           the
           Athenians
           meeting
           ▪
           him
           with
           a
           gallant
           Army
           ,
           and
           having
           given
           him
           battel
           on
           horse-back
           ,
           he
           received
           a
           grievous
           wound
           ,
           of
           which
           he
           dyed
           :
           Antipater
           ,
           although
           he
           beheld
           his
           Auxiliaries
           were
           overcome
           ,
           yet
           he
           in
           wardly
           rejoyced
           at
           the
           death
           of
           Leonatus
           ;
           for
           he
           gratulated
           himself
           that
           his
           emulator
           was
           taken
           from
           him
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           remainder
           of
           his
           fortes
           was
           come
           unto
           him
           :
           Therefore
           with
           this
           addition
           to
           his
           Army
           ,
           when
           he
           appeared
           to
           be
           equal
           to
           his
           Enemy
           in
           strength
           ,
           having
           raised
           the
           siege
           ,
           he
           marched
           into
           
             Macedonia
             ▪
          
           Whereupon
           the
           Forces
           of
           the
           Grecians
           ,
           the
           Enemy
           being
           driven
           from
           their
           Confines
           ,
           did
           steal
           away
           into
           their
           own
           Cities
           :
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           ,
           Perdiccas
           having
           made
           an
           unjust
           war
           on
           Ariarathes
           the
           King
           of
           the
           Cappadocians
           ,
           and
           being
           Conqueror
           in
           the
           battel
           ,
           did
           bring
           nothing
           from
           him
           but
           wounds
           &
           danger
           ;
           for
           the
           Cappadocians
           flying
           from
           the
           fight
           into
           the
           City
           ,
           having
           slain
           their
           own
           wives
           and
           children
           ,
           did
           set
           their
           own
           houses
           on
           fire
           with
           all
           the
           Forces
           which
           they
           had
           ;
           and
           having
           brought
           thither
           all
           their
           wealth
           ,
           they
           threw
           both
           it
           and
           themselves
           into
           the
           flame
           ,
           so
           that
           
           their
           Enemies
           ,
           the
           Conquerors
           of
           them
           &
           their
           Possessions
           ,
           did
           enjoy
           nothing
           but
           only
           the
           spectacle
           of
           the
           fire
           .
           After
           this
           ,
           that
           by
           his
           power
           he
           might
           arrive
           to
           royal
           Authority
           ,
           he
           pretended
           to
           the
           marriage
           of
           Cleopatra
           sister
           to
           Alexander
           the
           Great
           ,
           and
           Wife
           to
           Alexander
           late
           King
           of
           
             Epirus
             ,
             Olympias
          
           her
           Mother
           seeming
           enclined
           to
           it
           .
           But
           he
           resolved
           first
           to
           over-reach
           Antipater
           under
           this
           pretence
           of
           affinity
           ;
           he
           therefore
           dissembled
           to
           desire
           his
           daughter
           in
           marriage
           ,
           to
           the
           end
           that
           he
           might
           the
           sooner
           obtain
           of
           him
           a
           recruit
           of
           young
           men
           out
           of
           Macedonia
           ,
           which
           deceit
           Antipater
           fore-saw
           ,
           and
           whiles
           Perdiccas
           courted
           two
           Ladies
           at
           the
           same
           time
           ,
           he
           obtained
           neither
           .
        
         
           After
           this
           ,
           there
           did
           arise
           a
           war
           betwixt
           him
           and
           
             Antigonus
             :
             Craterus
          
           and
           Antipater
           assisted
           Antigonus
           in
           their
           own
           persons
           ,
           and
           having
           made
           a
           Peace
           with
           the
           Athenians
           ,
           did
           substitute
           Polypercon
           in
           the
           Government
           of
           Greece
           and
           Macedonia
           .
           The
           affairs
           of
           Perdiccas
           being
           in
           some
           difficulty
           ,
           he
           came
           into
           Cappadocia
           ,
           and
           he
           took
           into
           Counsel
           with
           him
           Aridaeus
           ,
           and
           the
           Son
           of
           Alexander
           the
           Great
           ,
           the
           charge
           of
           whom
           was
           committed
           to
           him
           to
           debate
           there
           concerning
           the
           carrying
           on
           of
           the
           war.
           
        
         
           It
           was
           the
           opinion
           of
           some
           that
           the
           war
           should
           be
           translated
           into
           Macedonia
           ,
           the
           head
           
           and
           original
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           where
           Olympias
           the
           Mother
           of
           Alexander
           lived
           ,
           who
           would
           bring
           no
           small
           moment
           to
           their
           party
           ,
           besides
           the
           favor
           of
           the
           Inhabitants
           in
           their
           respect
           to
           the
           names
           of
           Alexander
           and
           Philip.
           
        
         
           Others
           differed
           in
           judgement
           from
           it
           ,
           and
           it
           was
           concluded
           that
           it
           was
           better
           for
           the
           present
           to
           begin
           with
           Aegypt
           ,
           least
           whiles
           they
           were
           withdrawn
           into
           
             Macedonia
             ,
             Asia
          
           might
           be
           seized
           on
           by
           Ptolomy
           .
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           ,
           
             Paphlagonia
             ,
             Caria
             ,
             Lycia
          
           and
           Phrygia
           were
           added
           to
           the
           Provinces
           of
           which
           Eumenes
           was
           Governor
           :
           It
           was
           appointed
           that
           they
           should
           there
           attend
           the
           coming
           of
           Antipater
           and
           
             Craterus
             :
             Alcetas
          
           the
           brother
           of
           Perdiccas
           and
           Neoptolemus
           ,
           did
           joyn
           themselves
           with
           their
           Armies
           to
           the
           Armies
           of
           Perdiccas
           :
           The
           charge
           of
           the
           Navie
           was
           committed
           to
           
             Clytus
             ;
             Cilicia
          
           was
           taken
           from
           Philotas
           ,
           and
           given
           to
           
             Philoxenus
             :
             Perdiccas
          
           himself
           with
           a
           formidable
           Army
           did
           march
           into
           Aegypt
           ;
           And
           thus
           the
           Macedons
           ,
           their
           Captains
           being
           divided
           into
           two
           parties
           ,
           were
           armed
           against
           their
           own
           bowels
           ,
           and
           turning
           their
           swords
           from
           an
           hostile
           war
           ,
           they
           covered
           themselves
           with
           civil
           blood
           ,
           after
           the
           example
           of
           mad
           men
           who
           themselves
           do
           tear
           their
           own
           hands
           and
           members
           .
           Ptolomy
           in
           Aegypt
           with
           wise
           industry
           
           did
           lay
           up
           great
           riches
           ;
           for
           with
           singular
           moderation
           of
           government
           he
           attracted
           the
           Aegyptians
           to
           him
           ,
           and
           obliged
           the
           neighbouring
           Kings
           with
           benefits
           and
           all
           civil
           respects
           :
           He
           also
           enlarged
           the
           bounds
           of
           his
           Empire
           ,
           having
           possessed
           himself
           of
           the
           City
           Cyrene
           ,
           and
           was
           now
           so
           great
           ,
           that
           he
           feared
           not
           so
           much
           his
           Enemies
           as
           he
           himself
           was
           become
           terrible
           to
           them
           .
           The
           City
           of
           Cyrene
           was
           builded
           by
           Aristaeus
           ,
           who
           being
           tongue-tyed
           ,
           was
           called
           
             Battus
             .
             Cyrenus
          
           his
           Father
           King
           of
           the
           Iland
           of
           Thera
           ,
           when
           he
           came
           to
           the
           Oracle
           of
           Delphos
           to
           implore
           the
           god
           to
           take
           away
           the
           disgrace
           from
           his
           Son
           who
           could
           not
           speak
           ,
           he
           received
           an
           answer
           by
           which
           his
           Son
           Battus
           was
           commanded
           to
           go
           to
           Africa
           ,
           and
           to
           build
           there
           the
           City
           Cyrene
           ,
           which
           being
           done
           ,
           he
           should
           enjoy
           the
           use
           of
           his
           tongue
           :
           When
           the
           answer
           seem'd
           like
           a
           jeer
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           similitude
           of
           the
           Iland
           Theramenis
           ,
           from
           which
           they
           were
           commanded
           to
           travel
           so
           great
           a
           journey
           to
           build
           a
           City
           in
           Africa
           ,
           the
           Oracle
           was
           was
           not
           obeyed
           :
           Not
           long
           after
           ,
           having
           their
           contumaciousness
           punish'd
           with
           a
           Pestilence
           ,
           they
           were
           enforced
           to
           be
           obedient
           to
           the
           Oracle
           ,
           their
           number
           being
           so
           few
           ,
           that
           all
           of
           them
           could
           scarce
           fill
           one
           ship
           ;
           when
           they
           came
           into
           Africa
           ,
           having
           driven
           away
           the
           Inhabitants
           ,
           they
           seated
           themselves
           on
           the
           
           Hill
           Cyra
           ,
           delighted
           both
           with
           the
           pleasantness
           of
           the
           place
           ,
           and
           the
           abundance
           of
           the
           water
           .
           There
           Battus
           their
           Captain
           ,
           the
           knots
           of
           his
           tongue
           being
           un●yed
           ,
           did
           begin
           to
           speak
           ,
           which
           encouraged
           them
           (
           the
           promises
           of
           the
           god
           being
           in
           some
           part
           fulfilled
           )
           to
           proceed
           in
           the
           building
           of
           the
           City
           ;
           Having
           there
           pitched
           their
           Tents
           ,
           they
           received
           the
           opinion
           of
           the
           ancient
           Fable
           ,
           that
           Cyrene
           ,
           a
           Virgin
           of
           an
           excellent
           beauty
           ,
           being
           forced
           from
           the
           Hill
           Pelion
           to
           Thessaly
           by
           Apollo
           ,
           and
           brought
           to
           the
           cliffs
           of
           the
           same
           Hill
           which
           they
           did
           inhabite
           ,
           being
           bid
           by
           the
           god
           ,
           did
           bring
           forth
           four
           Children
           ,
           
             Nomius
             ,
             Aristaeus
             ,
             Eurocus
          
           and
           Agaeus
           ;
           those
           who
           were
           sent
           by
           their
           Father
           Hypsaeus
           King
           of
           Thessaly
           to
           seek
           out
           the
           Virgin
           ,
           did
           reside
           in
           the
           same
           place
           with
           her
           ,
           being
           taken
           with
           the
           pleasure
           of
           the
           place
           .
           Three
           of
           the
           Boys
           being
           grown
           unto
           age
           ,
           did
           return
           afterwards
           into
           Thessaly
           ,
           where
           they
           enjoyed
           their
           Fathers
           Kingdom
           ;
           Aristaeus
           did
           reign
           in
           Arcadia
           ,
           and
           first
           delivered
           unto
           men
           the
           use
           of
           Bees
           ,
           and
           Honey
           ,
           and
           Milk
           ,
           and
           Curds
           ,
           and
           the
           knowledge
           of
           the
           Solstices
           ,
           and
           the
           motion
           of
           the
           Stars
           :
           Which
           being
           understood
           ,
           Battus
           (
           the
           name
           of
           the
           Virgin
           being
           known
           by
           the
           Oracle
           )
           did
           build
           the
           City
           Cyrene
           .
        
         
           Ptolomy
           being
           encreased
           with
           the
           strength
           of
           this
           City
           ,
           did
           make
           ready
           for
           war
           against
           
           the
           coming
           of
           Perdiccas
           :
           But
           the
           hatred
           contracted
           by
           his
           arrogance
           ,
           did
           more
           hurt
           Perdiccas
           then
           all
           the
           Forces
           of
           his
           Enemies
           ,
           insomuch
           that
           his
           Companions
           not
           enduring
           him
           ,
           did
           fly
           away
           in
           Troops
           unto
           
             Antipater
             .
             Neoptolemus
          
           being
           left
           for
           the
           assistance
           of
           Eumenes
           ,
           would
           not
           onely
           fly
           away
           ,
           but
           also
           attempted
           to
           betray
           the
           Army
           ,
           which
           when
           Eumenes
           perceived
           ,
           he
           held
           it
           necessary
           to
           fight
           with
           the
           Traytor
           ,
           and
           Neoptolemus
           being
           overcome
           did
           fly
           unto
           Antipater
           ,
           and
           Polypercon
           did
           perswade
           them
           by
           continual
           marches
           to
           advance
           against
           Eumenes
           ,
           and
           to
           fall
           upon
           him
           ,
           being
           proud
           of
           the
           Victory
           ,
           and
           grown
           secure
           by
           reason
           of
           his
           flight
           ;
           But
           Eumenes
           had
           notice
           of
           it
           ,
           and
           the
           treacheries
           were
           turned
           against
           the
           Traytors
           ,
           who
           thinking
           to
           have
           assaulted
           him
           ,
           unsuspecting
           their
           advance
           ,
           and
           unprepared
           to
           receive
           them
           ,
           they
           were
           assaulted
           themselves
           ,
           not
           thinking
           of
           his
           approach
           ,
           and
           wearyed
           withall
           by
           their
           watching
           and
           their
           travels
           in
           the
           night
           .
           In
           that
           fight
           Polypercon
           was
           slain
           and
           Neoptolemus
           fighting
           hand
           to
           hand
           a
           long
           time
           with
           Eumenes
           (
           both
           of
           them
           being
           wounded
           )
           was
           at
           the
           last
           overcome
           and
           killed
           by
           him
           .
           Eumenes
           being
           Conqueror
           in
           two
           battels
           ,
           did
           a
           little
           support
           
           the
           afflicted
           parties
           of
           his
           Companions
           .
           And
           Perdiccas
           at
           last
           being
           slain
           ,
           he
           was
           saluted
           as
           King
           by
           the
           Army
           of
           the
           Enemy
           with
           Phython
           ,
           and
           Illyrius
           ,
           and
           Alcetas
           the
           brother
           of
           Perdiccas
           ,
           and
           war
           was
           decreed
           against
           them
           by
           Antigonus
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           Fourteenth
           BOOK
           OF
           IVSTINE
           .
        
         
           EVmenes
           having
           understood
           that
           Perdiccas
           was
           slain
           ,
           and
           himself
           adjudged
           as
           an
           Enemy
           by
           the
           Macedoniaens
           ,
           and
           that
           war
           was
           denounced
           against
           him
           by
           Antigonus
           ,
           did
           of
           his
           own
           accord
           declare
           it
           to
           his
           Souldiers
           ,
           lest
           fame
           should
           make
           it
           greater
           then
           it
           was
           ,
           or
           affright
           the
           minds
           of
           the
           Souldiers
           with
           the
           novelty
           of
           the
           danger
           ,
           and
           withall
           that
           he
           might
           take
           new
           counsels
           from
           their
           motions
           ,
           if
           he
           found
           that
           they
           were
           animated
           against
           him
           ;
           He
           
           therefore
           constantly
           professed
           ,
           that
           if
           these
           things
           were
           a
           terror
           unto
           any
           of
           them
           ,
           he
           would
           willingly
           grant
           him
           leave
           to
           depart
           :
           By
           which
           words
           he
           so
           enflamed
           the
           minds
           of
           all
           to
           adhere
           unto
           him
           ,
           that
           of
           their
           own
           accord
           they
           did
           exhort
           him
           to
           the
           war
           ,
           affirming
           that
           with
           their
           swords
           they
           would
           cut
           in
           pieces
           the
           Decrees
           of
           the
           Macedons
           .
           Being
           advanced
           with
           his
           Army
           into
           Aetolia
           ,
           he
           commanded
           the
           Cities
           to
           pay
           him
           contribution
           ,
           and
           violently
           forced
           it
           from
           those
           who
           refused
           it
           .
           Afterwards
           he
           marched
           unto
           Sardis
           ,
           to
           Cleopatra
           the
           sister
           of
           Alexander
           the
           Great
           ,
           that
           by
           her
           voyce
           the
           chief
           Officers
           and
           Centurions
           might
           be
           confirmed
           ,
           concieving
           that
           regal
           Majesty
           would
           turn
           all
           to
           that
           side
           for
           which
           she
           stood
           .
        
         
           Such
           was
           the
           veneration
           of
           the
           greatness
           of
           Alexander
           ,
           that
           even
           by
           the
           addresses
           of
           women
           ,
           the
           favor
           of
           his
           sacred
           name
           was
           implored
           .
           On
           his
           return
           ,
           Letters
           were
           found
           dispersed
           over
           all
           the
           Camp
           ,
           in
           which
           great
           rewards
           were
           promised
           to
           those
           who
           should
           bring
           the
           Head
           of
           Eumenes
           to
           
             Antigonus
             ;
             Eumenes
          
           having
           understood
           it
           ,
           and
           called
           the
           Souldiers
           to
           an
           Assembly
           ,
           did
           in
           the
           first
           place
           give
           thanks
           that
           there
           was
           not
           any
           found
           amongst
           them
           who
           preferr'd
           the
           hope
           of
           a
           bloody
           reward
           above
           the
           Oath
           of
           his
           fidelity
           ,
           and
           craftily
           concluded
           that
           these
           
           Letters
           were
           contrived
           and
           scattered
           by
           his
           directions
           ,
           thereby
           to
           make
           a
           trial
           of
           their
           resolutions
           :
           He
           declared
           that
           his
           safety
           consisted
           in
           the
           power
           of
           them
           all
           ,
           and
           that
           none
           of
           the
           Generals
           would
           so
           overcome
           ,
           as
           to
           decree
           that
           such
           a
           most
           wicked
           act
           should
           be
           determined
           against
           him
           .
           By
           this
           means
           he
           confirmed
           the
           staggering
           resolutions
           of
           his
           Souldiers
           for
           the
           present
           ,
           and
           provided
           for
           the
           future
           ,
           that
           if
           any
           such
           thing
           should
           happen
           again
           ,
           his
           Souldiers
           might
           believe
           that
           it
           was
           no
           corruption
           of
           their
           Enemy
           ,
           but
           the
           temptation
           of
           their
           General
           :
           They
           therefore
           all
           by
           throngs
           did
           offer
           themselves
           and
           their
           endevours
           for
           the
           preservation
           of
           his
           person
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           Antigonus
           came
           upon
           them
           with
           his
           Army
           ,
           and
           having
           encamped
           close
           unto
           him
           ,
           did
           on
           the
           next
           day
           set
           his
           Army
           in
           Array
           to
           give
           him
           battel
           .
           Eumenes
           also
           with
           great
           care
           marshalled
           the
           Field
           ,
           and
           made
           no
           delay
           of
           the
           encounter
           ;
           but
           being
           overcome
           ,
           he
           fled
           into
           a
           Castle
           that
           was
           fortified
           ,
           where
           when
           he
           saw
           that
           he
           must
           undergo
           the
           fortune
           of
           a
           siege
           ,
           he
           disbanded
           the
           greater
           part
           of
           his
           Army
           ,
           lest
           he
           should
           be
           delivered
           to
           the
           enemy
           by
           the
           consent
           of
           the
           multitude
           ,
           or
           the
           siege
           should
           be
           oppressed
           by
           their
           numbers
           .
           After
           this
           ,
           in
           a
           most
           humble
           manner
           he
           sent
           Ambassadors
           to
           Antipater
           ,
           who
           only
           was
           equal
           in
           power
           to
           Antigonus
           ,
           
           who
           when
           he
           found
           that
           considerable
           ayds
           were
           sent
           unto
           him
           by
           Antipater
           ,
           he
           raysed
           the
           siege
           .
           Eumenes
           was
           now
           delivered
           from
           the
           fear
           of
           death
           ,
           but
           not
           from
           the
           fear
           of
           danger
           ,
           having
           before
           disbanded
           a
           great
           part
           of
           his
           Army
           .
           Therefore
           looking
           round
           about
           him
           to
           provide
           for
           his
           safety
           ,
           it
           seemed
           most
           expedient
           to
           him
           to
           have
           recourse
           to
           the
           Argyraspides
           of
           Alexander
           the
           Great
           ,
           an
           invincible
           Army
           ,
           and
           shining
           with
           the
           glory
           of
           so
           great
           and
           so
           many
           Victories
           .
        
         
           But
           Alexander
           being
           deceased
           ,
           the
           Argyraspides
           disdained
           to
           be
           commanded
           by
           any
           ,
           conceiving
           that
           the
           Militia
           under
           others
           would
           be
           but
           disgraceful
           after
           the
           memory
           of
           so
           great
           a
           King.
           Eumenes
           therefore
           did
           court
           them
           with
           alluring
           words
           ,
           and
           full
           of
           submissive
           respects
           ,
           did
           complement
           with
           every
           one
           of
           them
           ,
           sometimes
           calling
           them
           his
           fellow-Souldiers
           ,
           sometimes
           his
           Patrons
           ,
           sometimes
           the
           Companions
           of
           his
           dangers
           in
           the
           great
           labours
           of
           the
           East
           ,
           sometimes
           his
           Supporters
           ,
           and
           the
           onely
           Refuges
           of
           his
           safety
           ;
           they
           (
           he
           said
           )
           were
           the
           onely
           men
           by
           whose
           valour
           the
           East
           was
           overcome
           ,
           the
           onely
           men
           who
           exceeded
           the
           wars
           of
           Bacchus
           ,
           and
           the
           Monuments
           of
           Hercules
           ,
           by
           whom
           Alexander
           was
           made
           great
           ,
           by
           whom
           he
           obtained
           divine
           honours
           and
           immortal
           glory
           ;
           He
           besought
           them
           to
           receive
           him
           ,
           not
           as
           their
           General
           ,
           but
           as
           
           their
           fellow-Souldier
           ,
           and
           to
           be
           admitted
           as
           a
           member
           of
           their
           body
           .
           Being
           on
           this
           condition
           entertained
           ,
           he
           not
           long
           after
           by
           admonishing
           all
           of
           them
           ,
           and
           by
           gently
           correcting
           what
           was
           done
           amiss
           amongst
           them
           ,
           did
           by
           degrees
           usurp
           the
           Soveraignty
           of
           Command
           ;
           nothing
           was
           done
           in
           the
           Camp
           without
           him
           ,
           nothing
           could
           be
           contrived
           or
           determined
           without
           his
           Policy
           .
           At
           the
           last
           ,
           when
           it
           was
           declared
           that
           Antigonus
           came
           against
           him
           with
           an
           Army
           ,
           he
           enforced
           them
           to
           come
           down
           and
           to
           give
           him
           battel
           ,
           where
           when
           they
           despised
           the
           Commands
           of
           their
           General
           ,
           they
           were
           overcome
           by
           the
           valour
           of
           their
           Enemies
           .
           In
           that
           battel
           ,
           they
           did
           not
           onely
           lose
           their
           glory
           gained
           in
           so
           many
           wars
           ,
           but
           their
           booty
           also
           ,
           with
           their
           wives
           and
           children
           .
           But
           Eumenes
           ,
           who
           was
           the
           Author
           of
           their
           overthrow
           ,
           and
           had
           no
           other
           hope
           of
           safty
           ,
           did
           encourage
           the
           conquer'd
           ,
           affirming
           that
           they
           were
           superior
           to
           their
           Enemies
           in
           courage
           ;
           for
           they
           slew
           five
           thousand
           of
           them
           ,
           and
           if
           they
           would
           but
           continue
           the
           war
           ,
           he
           assured
           them
           that
           the
           Enemy
           of
           their
           own
           accord
           would
           desire
           peace
           of
           them
           .
           He
           enformed
           them
           that
           their
           losses
           (
           by
           which
           they
           thought
           themselves
           overcome
           )
           were
           but
           two
           thousand
           women
           ,
           and
           a
           few
           children
           and
           slaves
           ,
           which
           were
           but
           the
           luggage
           ,
           &
           the
           lumber
           of
           the
           war
           ,
           and
           to
           be
           repaired
           by
           fighting
           and
           prosecuting
           ,
           
           and
           not
           by
           forsaking
           the
           Victory
           .
           But
           the
           Argyraspides
           made
           answer
           that
           they
           would
           neither
           fly
           ,
           after
           the
           dammages
           of
           Matrimony
           ,
           and
           the
           losses
           of
           their
           wives
           ,
           nor
           would
           they
           make
           war
           against
           their
           own
           children
           .
           Moreover
           ,
           they
           did
           torment
           him
           with
           reproaches
           ,
           that
           in
           their
           returning
           home
           after
           so
           many
           yeers
           of
           their
           pay
           dearly
           earned
           with
           the
           rewards
           of
           so
           many
           Victories
           ,
           he
           recalled
           them
           (
           being
           discharged
           )
           into
           new
           wars
           and
           battels
           as
           lasting
           as
           they
           were
           dangerous
           ,
           and
           had
           with
           vain
           promises
           deceived
           them
           ,
           being
           almost
           at
           their
           journeys
           end
           in
           the
           very
           entrance
           of
           their
           Country
           ,
           and
           the
           sight
           of
           their
           houshold
           gods
           ,
           and
           now
           having
           lost
           all
           the
           booty
           which
           they
           gained
           in
           their
           happy
           warfare
           ,
           he
           would
           not
           permit
           them
           in
           the
           penury
           of
           their
           old
           age
           to
           rest
           ,
           being
           overcome
           :
           Immediately
           upon
           this
           ,
           their
           Captains
           not
           knowing
           of
           it
           ,
           they
           sent
           Ambassadors
           to
           Antigonus
           ,
           demanding
           that
           what
           they
           had
           lost
           ,
           might
           be
           restored
           to
           them
           :
           He
           promised
           that
           all
           things
           should
           be
           returned
           ,
           if
           they
           would
           deliver
           up
           Eumenes
           unto
           him
           ;
           which
           being
           understood
           ,
           Eumenes
           with
           a
           few
           men
           did
           attempt
           to
           fl●e
           ,
           but
           being
           brought
           back
           ,
           and
           his
           affairs
           altogether
           desperate
           ,
           there
           being
           a
           great
           concourse
           of
           the
           multitude
           ,
           he
           desired
           to
           have
           the
           liberty
           to
           speak
           unto
           the
           Army
           ,
           which
           being
           readily
           granted
           by
           
           them
           all
           ,
           silence
           being
           made
           ,
           and
           his
           handcuffs
           of
           steel
           taken
           off
           ,
           he
           stretched
           forth
           his
           hand
           unto
           the
           people
           ,
           having
           yet
           some
           other
           chains
           upon
           him
           ,
           and
           said
           :
           Souldiers
           ,
           Behold
           here
           ,
           the
           habits
           and
           the
           ornaments
           of
           your
           General
           ,
           which
           none
           of
           the
           Enemies
           have
           imposed
           upon
           me
           ,
           for
           that
           would
           be
           my
           comfort
           :
           I●
           is
           you
           ,
           who
           of
           a
           Conquerour
           have
           made
           me
           conquered
           ,
           and
           of
           a
           General
           a
           Captive
           ;
           four
           times
           within
           this
           one
           yeer
           have
           you
           obliged
           your selves
           unto
           me
           in
           an
           Oath
           of
           fidelity
           ,
           but
           that
           I
           do
           omit
           ,
           for
           it
           becomes
           nor
           the
           miserable
           to
           be
           reproachful
           :
           One
           thing
           I
           intreat
           of
           you
           ,
           that
           if
           Antigonus
           be
           resolved
           to
           take
           away
           my
           life
           ,
           that
           you
           will
           give
           me
           the
           leave
           to
           die
           amongst
           you
           .
           For
           it
           concerns
           not
           him
           at
           all
           ,
           where
           or
           in
           what
           manner
           I
           shall
           fall
           ;
           and
           I
           shall
           by
           this
           means
           be
           delivered
           from
           the
           ignominy
           of
           death
           .
           This
           ,
           if
           I
           shall
           obtain
           ,
           I
           will
           disoblige
           you
           all
           of
           the
           Oath
           ,
           by
           which
           you
           have
           so
           often
           devoted
           your selves
           unto
           me
           ;
           or
           if
           you
           are
           ashamed
           to
           lay
           violent
           hands
           upon
           me
           ,
           desiring
           it
           ,
           give
           me
           a
           sword
           ,
           and
           permit
           your
           General
           to
           do
           that
           for
           you
           without
           any
           Oath
           ,
           which
           you
           have
           so
           often
           sworn
           ,
           that
           you
           would
           act
           for
           your
           General
           .
           When
           he
           could
           not
           obtain
           it
           of
           them
           ,
           he
           turned
           his
           entreaties
           into
           curses
           ,
           and
           in
           a
           great
           passion
           :
           But
           you
           (
           he
           said
           )
           O
           devoted
           Heads
           ,
           may
           the
           gods
           ,
           the
           Revengers
           
           of
           perjury
           ,
           look
           down
           in
           judgements
           on
           you
           ,
           and
           give
           unto
           you
           such
           ends
           as
           you
           have
           given
           to
           your
           Generals
           ▪
           It
           is
           you
           who
           have
           imbrued
           your
           guilty
           hands
           in
           the
           blood
           of
           Perdiccas
           ;
           It
           is
           you
           who
           attempted
           the
           murder
           of
           Antipater
           ;
           It
           is
           you
           (
           which
           is
           the
           worst
           of
           all
           )
           who
           would
           have
           killed
           Alexander
           himself
           ,
           if
           it
           were
           possible
           for
           him
           to
           have
           fallen
           by
           a
           mortal
           hand
           ,
           having
           so
           often
           tormented
           him
           with
           your
           seditions
           ;
           I
           now
           the
           last
           sacrifice
           of
           such
           perfidious
           wretches
           ,
           do
           fix
           these
           curses
           and
           imprecations
           on
           you
           :
           May
           you
           live
           all
           your
           lives
           Vagabonds
           &
           desolate
           in
           Tents
           and
           in
           banishment
           :
           May
           your
           own
           Arms
           devour
           you
           ,
           by
           which
           you
           have
           destroyed
           more
           Captains
           of
           your
           own
           then
           of
           your
           enemies
           .
           Being
           full
           of
           passion
           ,
           he
           commanded
           his
           keepers
           to
           go
           before
           to
           the
           Camp
           of
           Antigonus
           :
           The
           Army
           followed
           ,
           having
           betrayed
           their
           General
           ,
           &
           he
           himself
           a
           Captive
           ,
           did
           bring
           the
           triumph
           of
           himself
           to
           the
           Tents
           of
           his
           Conqueror
           :
           They
           delivered
           all
           the
           Trophies
           ,
           all
           the
           Palms
           and
           Lawrels
           of
           King
           Alexander
           ,
           together
           with
           themselves
           unto
           the
           Conqueror
           ;
           and
           that
           nothing
           of
           the
           pomp
           might
           be
           wanting
           ,
           their
           Elephants
           ,
           and
           the
           Auxiliaries
           of
           the
           East
           did
           follow
           .
           Much
           more
           honourable
           was
           this
           for
           Antigonus
           ,
           then
           so
           many
           Victories
           were
           for
           Alexander
           ;
           for
           though
           Alexander
           conquered
           the
           East
           ,
           Antigonus
           conquered
           those
           by
           whom
           
           the
           East
           was
           overcome
           .
           Antigonus
           therefore
           divided
           amongst
           his
           Army
           these
           Conquerors
           of
           the
           World
           ,
           having
           restored
           all
           things
           to
           them
           which
           he
           took
           from
           them
           in
           the
           former
           victory
           .
           After
           this
           ,
           he
           did
           set
           a
           Guard
           upon
           Eumenes
           ,
           being
           not
           admitted
           to
           come
           into
           his
           presence
           ,
           in
           respect
           of
           the
           familiarity
           of
           their
           former
           friendship
           ▪
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           ,
           Eurydice
           the
           wife
           of
           Aridaeus
           ,
           the
           King
           of
           the
           Macedons
           ,
           as
           soon
           as
           she
           heard
           that
           Polypercon
           was
           returned
           out
           of
           Greece
           into
           Macedonia
           ,
           and
           that
           Olympias
           was
           sens
           for
           by
           him
           ,
           being
           possessed
           with
           a
           female
           emulation
           ,
           and
           abusing
           the
           weakness
           of
           her
           Husband
           ,
           whose
           Offices
           she
           challenged
           to
           her self
           ,
           she
           did
           write
           to
           Polypercon
           in
           the
           name
           of
           the
           King
           to
           deliver
           the
           Arms
           to
           Cassander
           to
           whom
           the
           King
           had
           transferred
           the
           administration
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ;
           she
           sent
           also
           Letters
           to
           Antigonus
           to
           the
           same
           effect
           in
           Asia
           ,
           by
           which
           benefit
           Cassander
           being
           obliged
           ,
           did
           perform
           all
           things
           which
           the
           boldness
           of
           the
           Queen
           did
           prompt
           him
           to
           ;
           Having
           marched
           into
           Greece
           ,
           he
           made
           war
           there
           on
           many
           Cities
           ,
           by
           the
           destruction
           whereof
           the
           Spartans
           being
           affrighted
           ,
           as
           by
           a
           fire
           in
           a
           neighbours
           house
           ,
           distrusting
           to
           their
           arms
           ,
           they
           did
           enclose
           their
           City
           with
           a
           Wall
           ,
           contrary
           to
           the
           answer
           of
           the
           Oracles
           ,
           and
           the
           ancient
           glory
           of
           their
           Predecessors
           ,
           whose
           honourable
           custom
           alwayes
           it
           was
           to
           defend
           it
           
           with
           their
           arms
           and
           not
           with
           their
           Walls
           ;
           So
           much
           they
           degenerated
           from
           their
           Ancestors
           ,
           that
           when
           for
           many
           yeers
           ,
           the
           wall
           of
           their
           City
           was
           the
           vertue
           and
           the
           valour
           of
           their
           Citizens
           ,
           they
           now
           conceived
           they
           could
           not
           be
           safe
           unless
           they
           lay
           h●d
           under
           the
           protection
           of
           a
           Wall.
           Whiles
           these
           things
           were
           thus
           mannaged
           ,
           the
           troubled
           Estate
           of
           Macedonia
           did
           call
           back
           Cassander
           out
           of
           Greece
           ;
           for
           Olympias
           the
           Mother
           of
           Alexander
           the
           Great
           ,
           being
           come
           from
           Epirus
           towards
           
             Macedonia
             ,
             Aeacidas
          
           the
           King
           of
           the
           Molossi
           following
           her
           ,
           she
           was
           forbidden
           by
           Eurydice
           and
           King
           Aridaeus
           to
           enter
           into
           the
           Confines
           of
           that
           Kingdom
           ,
           which
           so
           incensed
           the
           Macedons
           ,
           both
           in
           the
           regard
           of
           the
           memory
           of
           her
           Husband
           ,
           the
           greatness
           of
           her
           Son
           ,
           and
           the
           indignity
           of
           the
           act
           ,
           that
           they
           all
           sided
           with
           Olympias
           ,
           by
           whose
           command
           both
           Eurydice
           and
           King
           Aridaeus
           were
           both
           slain
           ,
           having
           raigned
           six
           yeers
           after
           the
           decease
           of
           Alexander
           .
           But
           Olympias
           enjoyed
           not
           the
           Kingdom
           long
           afterwards
           ;
           for
           having
           committed
           many
           great
           slaughters
           of
           the
           Princes
           after
           a
           womanish
           ,
           rather
           then
           a
           manly
           way
           ,
           she
           turned
           the
           love
           of
           her
           Subjects
           into
           hatred
           .
           Therefore
           having
           heard
           of
           the
           approach
           of
           Cassander
           ,
           distrusting
           to
           the
           Macedons
           ,
           she
           fled
           with
           Roxane
           her
           daughter-in-law
           ,
           and
           Hercules
           her
           grand-child
           ,
           into
           the
           City
           of
           Pictua
           .
           In
           her
           
           journey
           Dardamia
           the
           daughter
           of
           King
           Aeacidas
           ,
           and
           Thessalonice
           her
           kinswoman
           (
           being
           also
           famous
           her self
           by
           the
           name
           of
           Philip
           her
           Father
           )
           and
           many
           other
           Ladies
           of
           royal
           blood
           ,
           a
           gallant
           rather
           then
           a
           profitable
           company
           ,
           did
           attend
           her
           .
        
         
           When
           Cassander
           was
           informed
           of
           it
           ,
           in
           a
           swift
           match
           he
           came
           to
           Pictua
           ,
           and
           layd
           a
           close
           siege
           unto
           the
           City
           ;
           Which
           when
           it
           was
           oppressed
           with
           the
           sword
           and
           famine
           ,
           Olympias
           being
           no
           longer
           able
           to
           endure
           the
           tediousness
           of
           the
           siege
           ,
           having
           Articles
           for
           her
           life
           ,
           did
           deliver
           her self
           to
           the
           Conqueror
           .
           But
           Cassander
           having
           called
           the
           people
           to
           an
           Assembly
           to
           understand
           what
           they
           would
           have
           done
           in
           relation
           to
           Olympias
           ,
           he
           suborned
           the
           Parents
           and
           kindred
           of
           the
           noble
           men
           whom
           she
           had
           put
           to
           death
           ,
           who
           having
           put
           on
           mourning
           habits
           ,
           did
           accuse
           the
           cruelty
           of
           the
           woman
           ,
           by
           whom
           the
           Macedons
           were
           so
           much
           instigated
           ,
           that
           without
           any
           respect
           to
           her
           former
           Majesty
           ,
           they
           did
           decree
           that
           she
           should
           be
           put
           to
           death
           ,
           being
           altogether
           unmindful
           that
           by
           her
           Son
           and
           Husband
           ,
           they
           not
           onely
           enjoyed
           their
           lives
           with
           safety
           amongst
           their
           neighbours
           ,
           but
           also
           became
           masters
           of
           such
           great
           wealth
           ,
           as
           also
           of
           the
           Empire
           of
           the
           world
           .
           But
           Olympias
           ,
           when
           she
           beheld
           the
           armed
           men
           to
           come
           resolutely
           towards
           her
           ,
           being
           cloathed
           in
           royal
           habiliaments
           ,
           and
           leaning
           
           on
           her
           two
           Maids
           ,
           she
           did
           go
           to
           meet
           them
           :
           The
           Executioners
           beholding
           her
           ,
           were
           amazed
           ,
           and
           stood
           still
           ,
           startled
           at
           the
           Majesty
           of
           her
           presence
           ,
           and
           the
           names
           of
           so
           many
           of
           their
           Kings
           which
           came
           at
           once
           into
           their
           memory
           :
           At
           the
           last
           ,
           they
           were
           commanded
           by
           Cassander
           to
           run
           her
           through
           with
           a
           sword
           ;
           she
           drew
           not
           back
           from
           the
           sword
           ,
           nor
           at
           the
           thrust
           that
           was
           made
           ,
           nor
           gave
           any
           shrike
           like
           a
           woman
           ,
           but
           submitted
           unto
           death
           after
           the
           manner
           of
           valiant
           men
           ,
           and
           for
           the
           glory
           of
           her
           antient
           family
           ;
           insomuch
           that
           you
           might
           have
           seen
           Alexander
           again
           in
           his
           dying
           mother
           ;
           Moreover
           ,
           she
           covered
           her
           face
           with
           her
           hair
           ,
           and
           the
           neither
           parts
           of
           her
           body
           with
           her
           garments
           ,
           that
           nothing
           unseemly
           might
           be
           discovered
           .
        
         
           After
           this
           Cassender
           did
           take
           to
           wife
           Thessalonice
           the
           daughter
           of
           King
           Aridaeus
           ,
           and
           sent
           the
           Son
           of
           Alexander
           with
           the
           Mother
           to
           be
           kept
           prisoners
           in
           the
           Tower
           of
           Amphipolis
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           Fifteenth
           BOOK
           OF
           IVSTINE
           .
        
         
           PErdiccas
           and
           his
           brother
           
             Alcetas
             ,
             Eumenes
          
           and
           Polypercon
           ,
           and
           divers
           Captains
           of
           the
           other
           party
           being
           slain
           ,
           the
           contention
           betwixt
           the
           Successors
           of
           Alexander
           the
           Great
           did
           seem
           to
           be
           at
           an
           end
           ,
           when
           on
           the
           sudden
           a
           new
           discord
           did
           arise
           betwixt
           the
           Conquerors
           themselves
           :
           For
           
             Ptolomy
             ,
             Cassander
             &
             Lysimachus
          
           ,
           requiring
           that
           the
           Provinces
           and
           the
           booty
           of
           the
           money
           that
           was
           taken
           should
           be
           divided
           ;
           Antigonus
           denyed
           to
           admit
           
           any
           Companions
           in
           the
           booty
           ,
           having
           undertaken
           all
           the
           danger
           himself
           ;
           And
           that
           he
           might
           seem
           to
           make
           an
           honest
           war
           against
           his
           Companions
           ,
           he
           declared
           that
           he
           would
           revenge
           the
           death
           of
           Olympias
           ,
           slain
           by
           Cassander
           ,
           and
           deliver
           the
           Son
           of
           Alexander
           with
           his
           Mother
           from
           their
           imprisonment
           at
           Amphipolis
           .
        
         
           This
           understood
           ,
           Ptolomy
           and
           Cassander
           having
           entred
           into
           a
           league
           with
           Lysimachus
           and
           Seleucus
           ,
           did
           with
           great
           industry
           provide
           for
           the
           war
           both
           by
           Sea
           and
           Land
           ;
           Ptolomy
           had
           in
           his
           possession
           Aegypt
           with
           a
           greater
           part
           of
           Africk
           ,
           and
           Cyprus
           ,
           and
           
             Ph●nicia
             .
             Macedonia
          
           and
           Greece
           obeyed
           
             Cassander
             ;
             Antigonus
          
           had
           all
           Asia
           and
           a
           part
           of
           the
           East
           ,
           whose
           Son
           Demetrius
           in
           the
           first
           encounter
           of
           the
           battel
           was
           overcome
           by
           Ptolomy
           at
           Calama
           :
           In
           which
           fight
           ,
           the
           glory
           of
           the
           moderation
           of
           Ptolomy
           was
           greater
           then
           his
           victory
           ;
           for
           he
           dismissed
           the
           friends
           of
           Demetrius
           ,
           not
           onely
           with
           their
           own
           goods
           ,
           but
           also
           honoured
           them
           with
           the
           additions
           of
           great
           presents
           ,
           and
           restored
           to
           Demetrius
           all
           his
           private
           treasure
           and
           family
           ▪
           and
           dismissed
           him
           with
           an
           honourable
           complement
           ,
           that
           he
           undertook
           the
           war
           not
           for
           booty
           ,
           but
           for
           dignity
           ,
           being
           displeased
           that
           Antigonus
           ,
           having
           overcome
           the
           Captains
           of
           the
           other
           party
           ,
           would
           reserve
           intirely
           to
           himself
           the
           
           rewards
           of
           the
           common
           victory
           .
           Whiles
           these
           things
           were
           in
           agitation
           ,
           Cassander
           returning
           from
           Apollonia
           ,
           did
           fall
           upon
           the
           Abderitae
           ,
           who
           having
           left
           their
           Country
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           abundance
           of
           Frogs
           and
           Mice
           ,
           did
           seek
           out
           new
           places
           of
           habitation
           ;
           wherefore
           fearing
           lest
           they
           should
           come
           into
           Macedonia
           ,
           he
           made
           peace
           with
           them
           and
           received
           them
           into
           the
           society
           of
           his
           friendship
           ,
           having
           assigned
           lands
           unto
           them
           in
           the
           furthest
           borders
           of
           Macedonia
           :
           After
           this
           ,
           fearing
           least
           Hercules
           the
           Son
           of
           Alexander
           ,
           who
           was
           now
           fourteen
           yeers
           of
           age
           ,
           in
           the
           favor
           of
           his
           Fathers
           name
           should
           be
           called
           into
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Macedonia
           ,
           he
           commanded
           him
           privately
           to
           be
           killed
           with
           his
           mother
           Arsine
           ,
           and
           that
           their
           bodies
           should
           be
           covered
           with
           Earth
           ,
           least
           the
           murder
           of
           them
           should
           be
           betrayed
           by
           their
           Sepulture
           ;
           and
           as
           if
           he
           had
           committed
           but
           a
           small
           crime
           ,
           first
           in
           the
           poysoning
           of
           the
           King
           ,
           afterwards
           in
           the
           murther
           of
           his
           mother
           Olympias
           ,
           and
           then
           in
           the
           murder
           of
           his
           wife
           Arsine
           and
           her
           Son
           ,
           he
           killed
           also
           by
           the
           same
           deceit
           the
           other
           Son
           of
           Alexander
           with
           Roxane
           her
           mother
           ,
           as
           if
           he
           could
           not
           otherwise
           then
           by
           villany
           obtain
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Macedonia
           ,
           which
           he
           so
           inordinately
           affected
           .
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           Ptolomy
           did
           fight
           again
           with
           Demetrius
           at
           Sea
           ;
           and
           having
           lost
           his
           Navie
           ,
           and
           
           yielded
           the
           victory
           to
           his
           Enemy
           ,
           he
           fled
           into
           
             Aegypt
             .
             Demetrius
          
           sent
           back
           Leuticus
           the
           Son
           of
           Ptolomy
           ,
           and
           his
           brother
           Menalaus
           and
           their
           friends
           ,
           with
           all
           that
           did
           belong
           unto
           them
           ,
           being
           provoked
           before
           to
           the
           same
           remuneration
           by
           Ptolomy
           :
           And
           that
           it
           might
           appear
           that
           they
           were
           not
           inflamed
           with
           hatred
           ,
           but
           the
           glory
           of
           Dignity
           and
           Domination
           ,
           they
           did
           contend
           who
           should
           exceed
           each
           other
           in
           gifts
           and
           presents
           in
           the
           heat
           of
           the
           wars
           ;
           so
           much
           more
           honourably
           were
           wars
           managed
           then
           ,
           then
           friendships
           are
           professed
           now
           :
           Antigonus
           being
           puft
           up
           with
           the
           victory
           ,
           commanded
           that
           the
           people
           should
           give
           him
           ,
           and
           his
           Son
           Demetrius
           ,
           the
           Title
           of
           a
           King
           ;
           And
           Ptolomy
           ,
           that
           he
           might
           be
           of
           no
           less
           Authority
           amongst
           his
           Souldiers
           ,
           was
           also
           saluted
           as
           King
           by
           the
           Army
           ,
           which
           being
           understood
           ,
           Cassander
           and
           Lysimachus
           did
           challenge
           to
           themselves
           the
           regal
           Majesty
           :
           They
           abstained
           from
           the
           Ornaments
           of
           this
           honour
           as
           long
           as
           the
           Sons
           of
           their
           King
           were
           al●ve
           ;
           and
           so
           great
           was
           their
           modesty
           ,
           that
           when
           they
           had
           the
           Estates
           of
           Kings
           ,
           they
           were
           well
           contented
           to
           abstain
           from
           the
           Titles
           of
           a
           King
           ,
           as
           long
           as
           Alexander
           had
           any
           Heir
           remaining
           :
           But
           Ptolomy
           and
           Cassander
           ,
           and
           the
           Captains
           of
           the
           other
           faction
           ,
           when
           they
           perceived
           they
           were
           all
           reproached
           by
           
             Antigonus
             ▪
          
           whiles
           they
           made
           a
           
           private
           war
           of
           every
           one
           ,
           and
           not
           a
           common
           war
           of
           all
           ,
           and
           were
           unwilling
           to
           assist
           one
           another
           ,
           as
           if
           the
           victory
           were
           onely
           for
           one
           ,
           and
           not
           for
           all
           ;
           confirming
           themselves
           joyntly
           by
           Letters
           ,
           they
           did
           appoint
           a
           time
           and
           place
           to
           meet
           together
           ,
           and
           provide
           for
           the
           war
           with
           united
           Forces
           .
           At
           which
           ,
           when
           Cassander
           could
           not
           be
           present
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           war
           with
           his
           Neighbours
           ,
           he
           sent
           Lysimachus
           to
           his
           ayd
           with
           a
           formidable
           power
           :
           This
           Lysimachus
           was
           famous
           in
           Macedonia
           by
           the
           Nobility
           of
           his
           discent
           ,
           but
           more
           famous
           by
           his
           vertue
           then
           his
           Nobility
           ,
           which
           was
           so
           eminent
           in
           him
           ,
           that
           in
           the
           greatness
           of
           his
           mind
           ,
           in
           the
           knowledge
           of
           Philosophy
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           glory
           of
           strength
           he
           excelled
           all
           by
           whom
           the
           East
           was
           overcome
           ;
           For
           when
           Alexander
           the
           Great
           did
           falsely
           accuse
           Calisthenes
           the
           Philosopher
           of
           the
           Treason
           that
           was
           contriv'd
           against
           him
           ,
           being
           indeed
           angry
           because
           he
           did
           forbear
           to
           worship
           him
           according
           to
           the
           custome
           of
           Persia
           ,
           and
           had
           rendred
           him
           a
           lamentable
           and
           deformed
           spectacle
           by
           cruelty
           ,
           dismembring
           his
           body
           ,
           and
           cutting
           off
           his
           nose
           and
           lips
           ,
           and
           carrying
           him
           shut
           up
           in
           a
           kennel
           with
           a
           Dog
           to
           be
           a
           terror
           to
           the
           rest
           ;
           Lysimachus
           would
           then
           repair
           unto
           him
           ,
           and
           hear
           and
           take
           instructions
           from
           him
           ,
           and
           in
           compassion
           of
           so
           great
           a
           man
           ,
           suffering
           forhis
           liberty
           ,
           and
           not
           for
           any
           crime
           ,
           
           he
           gave
           him
           poyson
           to
           put
           a
           period
           to
           his
           miseries
           ,
           to
           which
           Alexander
           did
           give
           so
           hainous
           an
           Interpretation
           ,
           that
           he
           commanded
           him
           to
           be
           objected
           to
           a
           hungry
           and
           an
           enraged
           Lyon
           ,
           who
           when
           at
           the
           first
           sight
           with
           a
           swift
           and
           eager
           violence
           he
           did
           run
           upon
           him
           to
           devour
           him
           ,
           Lysimachus
           having
           wrapt
           his
           hand
           in
           a
           cloath
           ,
           did
           thrust
           it
           into
           the
           mouth
           of
           the
           beast
           ,
           and
           plucked
           out
           at
           once
           both
           the
           tongue
           and
           the
           life
           of
           the
           Lyon
           ,
           which
           when
           it
           was
           reported
           to
           Alexander
           ,
           the
           admiration
           was
           turned
           into
           satisfaction
           ,
           and
           alwayes
           afterwards
           he
           had
           him
           in
           an
           higher
           respect
           for
           the
           constancy
           of
           so
           great
           a
           vertue
           ;
           and
           Lysimachus
           with
           great
           patience
           indu●ed
           the
           contumely
           of
           the
           King
           ,
           as
           the
           contumely
           of
           his
           Father
           ;
           And
           at
           last
           ,
           the
           memory
           of
           this
           act
           being
           banished
           from
           his
           minde
           ,
           the
           King
           in
           India
           being
           in
           the
           pursuit
           of
           some
           routed
           Enemies
           ,
           and
           his
           Guard
           not
           able
           to
           overtake
           him
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           swiftness
           of
           his
           horse
           ,
           he
           onely
           was
           his
           Companion
           through
           the
           vast
           Desarts
           of
           the
           Sands
           ,
           which
           when
           his
           brother
           Philip
           did
           before
           endevour
           to
           perform
           ,
           he
           expired
           in
           the
           Arms
           of
           the
           King
           ;
           but
           Alexander
           alighting
           from
           his
           horse
           ,
           did
           wound
           Lysimachus
           in
           the
           forehead
           so
           deeply
           with
           the
           point
           of
           his
           Spear
           ,
           that
           his
           blood
           could
           not
           be
           stanched
           ,
           before
           the
           King
           having
           taken
           the
           Diadem
           from
           his
           own
           head
           ,
           did
           
           impose
           it
           on
           his
           to
           binde
           the
           wound
           ,
           which
           was
           an
           earnest
           to
           Lysimachus
           of
           the
           royal
           Majesty
           to
           come
           ;
           And
           after
           the
           death
           of
           Alexander
           ,
           when
           the
           Provinces
           were
           divided
           amongst
           his
           Successors
           ,
           the
           most
           fierce
           of
           all
           the
           ▪
           Nations
           were
           assigned
           to
           him
           as
           the
           most
           valiant
           of
           them
           all
           ,
           so
           much
           he
           did
           exceed
           the
           rest
           by
           the
           approbation
           of
           them
           all
           .
           But
           before
           the
           war
           was
           carryed
           on
           betwixt
           Ptolomy
           and
           his
           Associates
           against
           
             Antigonus
             ,
             Seleucus
          
           marched
           down
           from
           Asia
           the
           greater
           ,
           being
           a
           new
           Enemy
           unto
           him
           ;
           famous
           also
           was
           the
           vertue
           of
           Seleucus
           ,
           and
           his
           Original
           admirable
           ;
           for
           his
           mother
           Laodice
           being
           married
           to
           Antiochus
           a
           great
           Commander
           in
           the
           Army
           of
           Philip
           ,
           did
           seem
           in
           her
           sleep
           to
           have
           conceived
           with
           child
           by
           Apollo
           ,
           and
           to
           have
           received
           a
           Ring
           from
           him
           ,
           the
           reward
           for
           the
           use
           of
           her
           body
           ;
           In
           this
           Ring
           ,
           there
           was
           a
           Gem
           ,
           and
           an
           Anchor
           engraven
           on
           it
           ;
           which
           she
           dreamed
           she
           was
           commanded
           at
           her
           delivery
           to
           give
           to
           her
           Son
           for
           a
           gift
           .
           This
           apparition
           was
           truly
           wonderful
           ;
           for
           on
           the
           next
           day
           ,
           the
           Ring
           with
           the
           Anchor
           engraven
           on
           it
           was
           found
           in
           the
           bed
           ,
           and
           the
           figure
           of
           an
           Anchor
           was
           apparently
           to
           be
           seen
           on
           the
           thigh
           of
           Seleucus
           when
           he
           was
           born
           .
           Seleucus
           going
           afterwards
           into
           the
           Persian
           war
           with
           Alexander
           the
           Great
           ,
           Laodice
           did
           give
           that
           Ring
           unto
           him
           ,
           having
           first
           taught
           him
           the
           original
           of
           his
           
           pedigree
           .
           After
           the
           death
           of
           Alexander
           ,
           having
           possessed
           himself
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           the
           East
           ,
           he
           did
           build
           a
           City
           ,
           and
           consecrated
           it
           to
           the
           memory
           of
           the
           Gem
           of
           his
           original
           ;
           for
           he
           called
           the
           City
           Antiochia
           after
           the
           memory
           of
           Antiochus
           his
           Father
           ,
           and
           consecrated
           to
           Apollo
           the
           Fields
           adjoyning
           to
           it
           .
           The
           argument
           of
           his
           original
           did
           remain
           to
           his
           posterity
           ;
           for
           his
           Sons
           and
           Grandson●
           had
           all
           of
           them
           the
           impression
           of
           an
           Anchor
           on
           their
           thighs
           as
           a
           natural
           mark
           o●
           their
           Family
           .
           He
           made
           many
           wars
           in
           the
           East
           ,
           after
           the
           division
           of
           the
           Macedonian
           Empire
           betwixt
           him
           and
           his
           Companions
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           first
           place
           he
           surprized
           Babylon
           ,
           an●
           having
           encreased
           his
           strength
           by
           the
           victory
           he
           overcame
           the
           Bactrians
           ,
           and
           marched
           into
           India
           ,
           which
           after
           the
           death
           of
           Alexander
           ,
           ha●
           killed
           his
           Lieutenants
           ,
           and
           shaken
           off
           from
           their
           necks
           the
           yoak
           of
           servitude
           .
           Sandrocottu●
           was
           the
           Author
           of
           this
           liberty
           ,
           which
           afterwards
           he
           turned
           into
           slavery
           ;
           for
           having
           possessed
           himself
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           he
           by
           tyranny
           oppressed
           the
           people
           whom
           he
           ha●
           delivered
           from
           sorraign
           domination
           :
           He
           was
           born
           of
           ignoble
           parentage
           ,
           but
           enforced
           to
           take
           upon
           him
           the
           Government
           of
           thi●
           Kingdom
           by
           the
           Majesty
           and
           providence
           of
           God.
           For
           having
           offended
           Alexander
           
           by
           his
           petulance
           ,
           and
           being
           commanded
           to
           be
           killed
           ,
           he
           purchased
           his
           safety
           by
           the
           swiftness
           of
           his
           feet
           ;
           And
           being
           drousie
           and
           weary
           by
           the
           length
           of
           his
           travel
           ,
           a
           Lyon
           of
           a
           great
           bigness
           did
           approach
           unto
           him
           in
           his
           sleep
           ,
           and
           with
           his
           tongue
           wiped
           away
           the
           sweat
           which
           did
           run
           down
           his
           face
           ,
           and
           did
           gently
           leave
           him
           ,
           being
           awakned
           .
           Being
           by
           this
           prodigy
           advanced
           to
           the
           hope
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           he
           sollicited
           the
           Indians
           to
           rebellion
           ,
           having
           drawn
           a
           company
           of
           Thieves
           to
           his
           assistance
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           beginning
           of
           the
           war
           against
           the
           Lieutenants
           of
           Alexander
           ,
           an
           Elephant
           of
           an
           infinite
           bulk
           ,
           did
           of
           his
           own
           accord
           draw
           neer
           unto
           him
           ,
           and
           as
           if
           he
           had
           been
           tame
           by
           discipline
           ,
           did
           receive
           him
           on
           his
           back
           ;
           Sandrocottus
           became
           afterwards
           a
           great
           Leader
           ,
           and
           a
           famous
           master
           of
           the
           war
           ;
           and
           having
           thus
           gained
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           he
           had
           possessed
           himself
           of
           all
           India
           at
           that
           time
           when
           Seleucus
           did
           lay
           the
           foundations
           of
           his
           future
           greatness
           ,
           who
           having
           made
           peace
           with
           Sandrocottus
           ,
           and
           settled
           his
           affairs
           in
           the
           East
           ,
           did
           march
           down
           to
           the
           war
           against
           Antigonus
           ;
           And
           the
           Armies
           of
           all
           the
           Associates
           being
           united
           ,
           the
           battel
           was
           fought
           ,
           in
           which
           Antigonus
           was
           slain
           ,
           and
           Demetrius
           his
           Son
           put
           to
           flight
           .
           But
           the
           Associates
           ,
           the
           war
           with
           Antigonus
           being
           ended
           ,
           did
           again
           turn
           their
           arms
           
           upon
           themselves
           ,
           and
           not
           agreeing
           upon
           the
           booty
           ,
           were
           divided
           again
           into
           Factions
           .
           Seleucus
           was
           joyned
           with
           Demetrius
           ,
           and
           Ptolomy
           with
           Lysimachus
           ,
           and
           Cassander
           being
           dead
           ,
           his
           Son
           Philip
           did
           succeed
           him
           ,
           and
           thus
           new
           wars
           did
           arise
           in
           Macedonia
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           Sixteenth
           BOOK
           OF
           IVSTINE
           .
        
         
           AFfter
           the
           death
           of
           King
           Cassander
           and
           his
           Son
           Philip
           ,
           Queen
           Thessalonica
           the
           wife
           of
           Cassander
           was
           slain
           not
           long
           afterwards
           by
           her
           Son
           Antipater
           ,
           she
           having
           besought
           and
           conjured
           him
           by
           her
           breasts
           that
           gave
           him
           suck
           to
           spare
           her
           life
           .
           The
           cause
           of
           the
           Parricide
           ,
           was
           ,
           that
           after
           the
           death
           of
           her
           Husband
           ,
           she
           seemed
           to
           be
           more
           inclined
           to
           Alexander
           in
           the
           division
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           amongst
           the
           brothers
           .
           This
           wicked
           act
           appeared
           to
           all
           men
           to
           be
           so
           much
           the
           more
           grievous
           ,
           there
           being
           
           not
           the
           lest
           evidence
           of
           any
           deceit
           in
           the
           Mother
           ,
           although
           in
           parricide
           no
           cause
           can
           be
           pretended
           to
           be
           just
           enough
           to
           defend
           the
           wickedness
           .
           Alexander
           resolving
           to
           make
           war
           with
           his
           brother
           in
           the
           revenge
           of
           his
           Mothers
           death
           ,
           desired
           ayd
           of
           Demetrius
           ;
           and
           Demetrius
           in
           hope
           to
           obtain
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           made
           n●
           delay
           to
           advance
           to
           his
           assistance
           ;
           and
           Lysimachus
           fearing
           his
           coming
           ,
           did
           perswade
           his
           Son-in-law
           Antipater
           to
           be
           reconciled
           to
           his
           brother
           ▪
           and
           not
           permit
           the
           Enemy
           of
           his
           Father
           to
           enter
           into
           Macedonia
           ;
           when
           Demetrius
           had
           understood
           that
           there
           was
           an
           agreement
           made
           betwixt
           the
           brothers
           ,
           he
           killed
           Alexander
           by
           treacheries
           ,
           and
           having
           possessed
           himself
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Macedonia
           ,
           he
           called
           the
           Army
           to
           an
           Assembly
           to
           excuse
           the
           murther
           .
           He
           alledged
           that
           Alexander
           had
           first
           of
           all
           a
           design
           upon
           him
           ,
           and
           that
           for
           his
           own
           part
           ,
           he
           rather
           prevented
           then
           committed
           treachery
           .
           As
           for
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Macedonia
           ,
           he
           said
           ,
           it
           was
           more
           due
           to
           him
           ,
           both
           for
           the
           experience
           of
           his
           age
           ,
           and
           for
           other
           considerations
           ;
           for
           his
           Father
           was
           Companion
           to
           King
           Philip
           ,
           and
           to
           Alexander
           the
           Great
           in
           all
           their
           wars
           ,
           and
           he
           was
           afterwards
           Governor
           of
           the
           children
           of
           Alexander
           ,
           and
           a
           General
           in
           their
           wars
           to
           prosecute
           those
           who
           revolted
           from
           them
           .
           On
           the
           other
           side
           ,
           Antipater
           the
           Grandfather
           of
           these
           young
           men
           
           was
           alwayes
           a
           more
           inexorable
           minister
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           then
           the
           Kings
           themselves
           ;
           and
           Cassander
           their
           Father
           was
           the
           destroyer
           of
           the
           Royal
           Family
           ,
           who
           put
           to
           death
           both
           the
           wives
           and
           children
           of
           Alexander
           ,
           and
           ceased
           not
           till
           he
           had
           utterly
           destroyed
           the
           whole
           Progeny
           of
           him
           :
           and
           because
           he
           could
           not
           light
           upon
           Cassander
           ,
           the
           revenge
           of
           these
           horrid
           murders
           was
           translated
           to
           his
           Sons
           ,
           for
           which
           cause
           Philip
           and
           Alexander
           (
           if
           the
           spirits
           of
           the
           departed
           have
           any
           sense
           )
           had
           rather
           that
           their
           Revengers
           ,
           then
           the
           Murderers
           of
           them
           and
           their
           Posterity
           should
           enjoy
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Macedonia
           .
        
         
           The
           people
           being
           pacified
           with
           these
           words
           ,
           he
           was
           saluted
           King
           of
           Macedonia
           .
           But
           Lysimachus
           when
           he
           was
           oppressed
           with
           the
           war
           of
           Dromiches
           King
           of
           the
           Thracians
           ,
           least
           at
           the
           same
           ▪
           time
           also
           he
           might
           be
           enforced
           to
           fight
           with
           Demetrius
           ,
           he
           made
           a
           peace
           with
           him
           ,
           having
           delivered
           to
           him
           the
           other
           part
           of
           Macedonia
           which
           belonged
           to
           his
           Son-in-law
           Antipater
           .
           Therefore
           Demetrius
           being
           possessed
           with
           all
           the
           strength
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Macedonia
           ,
           did
           resolve
           to
           seize
           upon
           Asia
           ,
           when
           
             Ptolomy
             ,
             Seleucus
          
           ,
           and
           Lysimachus
           having
           made
           a
           proof
           before
           of
           what
           force
           was
           Concord
           ,
           did
           enter
           into
           a
           League
           together
           ,
           and
           having
           amassed
           their
           Forces
           into
           one
           body
           ,
           they
           〈◊〉
           the
           war
           against
           Demetrius
           into
           
           
             Europe
             .
             Pyrrhus
          
           ,
           King
           of
           Epirus
           ,
           did
           joyn
           himself
           unto
           them
           as
           their
           Companion
           in
           the
           war
           ,
           hoping
           that
           Demetrius
           could
           lose
           Macedonia
           as
           easily
           and
           as
           suddenly
           as
           he
           obtained
           it
           ;
           neither
           was
           he
           deceived
           in
           his
           expectation
           .
           For
           his
           Army
           being
           corrupted
           ,
           and
           himself
           put
           to
           flight
           ,
           he
           left
           his
           Kingdom
           to
           the
           Conquerors
           .
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           ,
           Lysimachus
           killed
           his
           Son-in-law
           Antipater
           ,
           complaining
           that
           the
           Kingdom
           was
           taken
           from
           him
           by
           his
           deceit
           ,
           and
           committed
           into
           Custody
           his
           own
           Daughter
           Euridice
           ,
           the
           companion
           of
           his
           complaints
           ;
           And
           thus
           all
           the
           Family
           of
           Antipater
           ,
           partly
           by
           slaughter
           ,
           partly
           by
           punishment
           ,
           became
           so
           many
           sacrifices
           to
           satisfie
           the
           revenge
           of
           the
           Ghost
           of
           Alexander
           ,
           both
           for
           his
           own
           death
           ,
           and
           for
           the
           destruction
           of
           all
           his
           off-spring
           .
           Demetrius
           also
           being
           surrounded
           by
           so
           many
           Armies
           ,
           when
           it
           was
           in
           his
           power
           to
           die
           honourably
           ,
           chose
           shamefully
           rather
           to
           deliver
           himself
           to
           Seleucus
           .
        
         
           The
           war
           being
           ended
           ,
           Ptolomy
           dyed
           full
           of
           the
           glory
           of
           his
           atchievements
           :
           He
           against
           the
           law
           of
           Nations
           delivered
           the
           Kingdom
           to
           his
           youngest
           Son
           ,
           not
           long
           before
           the
           last
           infirmity
           of
           his
           Age
           ,
           and
           afterwards
           did
           give
           a
           reason
           of
           it
           to
           the
           people
           ;
           the
           favour
           which
           the
           young
           man
           gained
           ,
           was
           no
           less
           in
           receiving
           ,
           then
           was
           his
           Fathers
           in
           delivering
           the
           Scepter
           ;
           Amongst
           other
           Examples
           of
           mutual
           piety
           betwixt
           
           the
           Father
           and
           the
           Son
           ,
           it
           procured
           the
           young
           man
           many
           respects
           of
           love
           amongst
           the
           people
           ,
           that
           his
           Father
           having
           publickly
           delivered
           his
           Kingdom
           to
           him
           ,
           did
           privately
           attend
           upon
           him
           amongst
           the
           Guard
           ,
           affirming
           that
           to
           be
           the
           Father
           of
           a
           King
           ,
           was
           more
           honourable
           then
           to
           enjoy
           any
           Kingdom
           whatsoever
           .
           But
           discord
           ,
           an
           assiduous
           evil
           amongst
           equals
           ,
           had
           moved
           a
           new
           war
           betwixt
           Lysimachus
           &
           King
           Pyrrhus
           ,
           Associates
           ▪
           not
           long
           before
           against
           
             Demetrius
             .
             Lysimachus
          
           being
           the
           Conqueror
           ,
           having
           routed
           Pyrrhus
           ,
           did
           possess
           himself
           of
           Macedonia
           :
           He
           afterwards
           did
           make
           war
           against
           the
           Thracians
           ,
           and
           not
           long
           after
           against
           the
           Heraclians
           ,
           the
           beginning
           and
           the
           ending
           of
           whose
           City
           was
           admirable
           ;
           For
           the
           pestilence
           raging
           in
           Boeotia
           ,
           the
           Oracle
           at
           Delphos
           answered
           that
           they
           should
           plant
           a
           Colony
           in
           the
           Country
           of
           Pontus
           ,
           which
           they
           should
           dedicate
           to
           Hercules
           .
           When
           it
           was
           omitted
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           fear
           of
           the
           long
           and
           dangerous
           voyage
           by
           Sea
           ,
           every
           man
           desiring
           rather
           to
           die
           in
           his
           own
           Country
           ,
           the
           Phocensians
           made
           war
           against
           them
           ,
           and
           being
           after
           vanquished
           by
           them
           ,
           they
           again
           had
           recourse
           to
           the
           Oracle
           ,
           which
           answered
           ,
           That
           the
           remedy
           was
           the
           same
           both
           for
           the
           war
           and
           the
           pestilence
           .
           Therefore
           a
           considerable
           Colony
           being
           drawn
           together
           ,
           and
           brought
           to
           Metapontus
           ,
           they
           builded
           the
           City
           of
           Heraclea
           ,
           and
           because
           they
           were
           
           brought
           thither
           by
           the
           Ordinance
           of
           the
           Destinies
           in
           a
           short
           time
           ,
           they
           obtained
           grea●
           possessions
           .
        
         
           This
           City
           afterwards
           maintained
           many
           wars
           against
           their
           Neighbours
           ,
           and
           much
           they
           suffered
           by
           dissentions
           at
           home
           :
           Amongst
           other
           passages
           of
           magnificence
           ,
           this
           one
           is
           memorable
           .
           When
           the
           Athenians
           were
           masters
           of
           all
           ,
           and
           the
           Persians
           were
           overcome
           ,
           it
           was
           ordered
           by
           the
           Athenians
           that
           the
           tribute
           of
           Asia
           and
           of
           Greece
           should
           be
           for
           the
           maintenance
           of
           their
           Navie
           ;
           all
           other
           Cities
           readily
           submitting
           for
           their
           own
           safety
           ,
           the
           Heraclians
           onely
           refused
           by
           reason
           of
           their
           ancient
           friendship
           with
           the
           Kings
           of
           
             Persia
             .
             Mala●tus
          
           therefore
           being
           sent
           with
           an
           Army
           to
           force
           them
           to
           Contribution
           which
           they
           were
           resolved
           not
           to
           pay
           ,
           whiles
           he
           was
           plundering
           their
           Country
           ,
           having
           left
           his
           ships
           in
           their
           Harbour
           ,
           there
           did
           arise
           on
           a
           sudden
           so
           great
           a
           tempest
           that
           he
           lost
           all
           his
           Fleet
           with
           the
           greatest
           part
           of
           his
           Army
           ;
           therefore
           when
           they
           could
           not
           return
           by
           Sea
           ,
           having
           lost
           all
           their
           ships
           ,
           nor
           durst
           adventure
           to
           return
           by
           Land
           with
           so
           small
           an
           Army
           amongst
           so
           many
           warlike
           Nations
           ,
           the
           Heraclians
           thinking
           it
           more
           honourable
           to
           confer
           a
           benefit
           then
           to
           revenge
           a
           discourtesie
           ,
           did
           send
           them
           home
           furnished
           both
           with
           Seamen
           and
           Provisions
           ,
           believing
           that
           herein
           they
           had
           provided
           well
           for
           themselves
           ,
           and
           for
           their
           Fields
           ,
           having
           by
           this
           
           act
           confirmd
           those
           to
           be
           their
           friends
           who
           were
           before
           their
           Enemies
           .
           Amongst
           many
           other
           calamities
           they
           also
           indured
           the
           heavie
           burthen
           of
           Tyranny
           ;
           for
           when
           the
           common
           people
           did
           too
           impotently
           demand
           new
           tables
           and
           a
           levelling
           proportion
           to
           be
           shared
           amongst
           them
           in
           the
           Fields
           of
           those
           who
           were
           rich
           ,
           the
           business
           being
           often
           debated
           in
           the
           Senate
           ,
           when
           it
           could
           not
           be
           determined
           ,
           the
           Senate
           desired
           ayd
           of
           Timotheus
           General
           of
           the
           Athenians
           ,
           and
           not
           long
           after
           of
           Epaminondas
           General
           of
           the
           Thebans
           :
           but
           both
           of
           them
           refusing
           it
           ,
           they
           had
           recourse
           to
           Clearchus
           whom
           they
           themselves
           had
           forced
           into
           banishment
           :
           So
           great
           was
           the
           necessity
           of
           their
           calamities
           ,
           that
           they
           called
           him
           back
           to
           the
           defence
           of
           their
           Countrie
           ,
           whom
           they
           had
           commanded
           never
           to
           return
           unto
           it
           .
           But
           Clearchus
           returning
           more
           wicked
           from
           his
           banishment
           ,
           conceiving
           this
           dissention
           of
           the
           people
           to
           be
           a
           prompt
           occasion
           offered
           to
           him
           to
           exercise
           his
           tyranny
           ,
           he
           had
           first
           a
           conference
           with
           Mithridates
           the
           Enemy
           of
           his
           Citizens
           ,
           and
           having
           entred
           into
           a
           League
           ,
           he
           compounded
           with
           him
           to
           be
           made
           his
           Lieutenant
           ,
           and
           to
           betray
           the
           City
           to
           him
           as
           soon
           as
           he
           was
           called
           back
           into
           his
           Country
           .
           Afterwards
           he
           turned
           the
           treachery
           which
           he
           had
           prepared
           for
           the
           Citizens
           against
           Mithridates
           himself
           :
           For
           being
           returned
           from
           banishment
           ,
           as
           the
           Arbitrator
           of
           the
           civil
           discord
           ,
           the
           time
           
           being
           appointed
           in
           which
           he
           should
           deliver
           the
           City
           to
           Mithridates
           ,
           he
           took
           him
           Prisoner
           with
           his
           friends
           ,
           and
           having
           received
           a
           vast
           sum
           of
           money
           for
           his
           ransom
           ,
           he
           delivered
           him
           being
           taken
           .
           And
           as
           to
           Mithrdates
           he
           suddenly
           made
           himself
           an
           Enemy
           of
           a
           friend
           ,
           so
           being
           called
           back
           to
           defend
           the
           cause
           of
           the
           Senate
           ,
           he
           immediately
           became
           the
           Patron
           of
           the
           people
           ,
           and
           not
           only
           incensed
           the
           people
           against
           the
           Authors
           of
           the
           power
           ,
           by
           whom
           he
           was
           called
           back
           into
           his
           Country
           ,
           and
           by
           whom
           he
           was
           placed
           at
           the
           helm
           of
           Government
           ,
           but
           exercised
           his
           usurped
           power
           in
           the
           highest
           demonstrations
           of
           Cruelty
           and
           Tyranny
           .
           The
           people
           therefore
           being
           called
           to
           an
           Assembly
           ,
           he
           declared
           that
           he
           would
           be
           no
           longer
           present
           nor
           assist
           the
           Senate
           in
           their
           rage
           against
           the
           people
           ,
           but
           would
           take
           their
           parts
           if
           they
           persevered
           in
           their
           former
           cruelty
           ;
           and
           if
           they
           conceived
           themselves
           to
           be
           equal
           in
           strength
           to
           deal
           with
           them
           ,
           he
           would
           depart
           with
           his
           Souldiers
           ,
           nor
           have
           any
           hand
           in
           their
           civil
           discords
           ;
           but
           if
           they
           distrusted
           in
           their
           own
           strengths
           ,
           he
           would
           not
           be
           wanting
           to
           be
           a
           Protector
           to
           in
           them
           .
           He
           desired
           them
           therefore
           to
           ask
           counsel
           of
           themselves
           ,
           whether
           they
           would
           command
           him
           to
           be
           gone
           or
           to
           remain
           their
           Companion
           in
           the
           common
           cause
           .
           The
           people
           being
           excited
           with
           these
           words
           did
           transfer
           into
           his
           power
           the
           chief
           Government
           of
           all
           ,
           &
           whiles
           
           they
           were
           incensed
           at
           the
           power
           of
           the
           Senate
           ,
           they
           delivered
           themselves
           ,
           their
           wives
           ,
           and
           children
           ,
           unto
           the
           domination
           of
           a
           Tyrant
           .
           Clearchus
           having
           seized
           upon
           threescore
           of
           the
           Senators
           (
           for
           the
           rest
           were
           fled
           away
           )
           did
           throw
           them
           into
           prison
           ,
           being
           laden
           with
           Irons
           .
           The
           people
           rejoyced
           especially
           that
           the
           Senate
           were
           overthrown
           by
           the
           Captain
           General
           of
           the
           Senators
           ,
           and
           that
           their
           ayd
           was
           converted
           into
           their
           destruction
           ;
           and
           Clearchus
           threatned
           sudden
           death
           to
           every
           one
           of
           them
           on
           purpose
           to
           raise
           the
           market
           of
           them
           to
           a
           higher
           rate
           .
           For
           under
           the
           pretence
           of
           withdrawing
           them
           from
           the
           fury
           of
           the
           people
           ,
           having
           received
           from
           them
           great
           sums
           of
           money
           ,
           and
           despoyled
           them
           of
           their
           fortunes
           ,
           he
           not
           long
           after
           did
           despoyl
           them
           of
           their
           lives
           ;
           And
           having
           understood
           that
           war
           was
           made
           against
           him
           by
           those
           Senators
           who
           fled
           away
           ,
           the
           Cities
           prompted
           to
           compassion
           being
           come
           to
           their
           assistance
           ,
           he
           did
           set
           free
           their
           Servants
           :
           and
           that
           no
           affliction
           should
           be
           wanting
           in
           these
           potent
           Familes
           ,
           he
           enforced
           their
           wives
           and
           their
           daughters
           to
           marry
           their
           own
           Servants
           ,
           death
           being
           proposed
           to
           every
           one
           that
           should
           refuse
           it
           ;
           by
           this
           means
           he
           thought
           to
           render
           the
           Servants
           more
           faithful
           to
           him
           ,
           and
           more
           unreconcileable
           to
           their
           masters
           .
           But
           these
           sad
           Nuptials
           were
           made
           more
           grievous
           by
           the
           sudden
           Funerals
           of
           the
           Matrons
           ;
           for
           many
           of
           them
           before
           their
           Nuptials
           ,
           
           and
           some
           on
           the
           very
           day
           in
           which
           they
           were
           marryed
           ,
           having
           first
           killed
           their
           husbands
           ,
           did
           afterwards
           kill
           themselves
           ,
           and
           delivered
           themselves
           from
           their
           encreasing
           calamities
           by
           the
           vertue
           of
           an
           ingenious
           shame
           .
        
         
           Not
           long
           after
           this
           ,
           the
           battel
           was
           fought
           ,
           in
           which
           the
           Tyrant
           being
           Conqueror
           ,
           he
           in
           the
           way
           of
           triumph
           did
           drag
           the
           conquered
           Senators
           before
           the
           faces
           of
           Citizens
           ,
           and
           being
           returned
           into
           the
           City
           ,
           he
           bound
           some
           of
           them
           ,
           he
           racked
           others
           ,
           and
           slew
           many
           ;
           there
           was
           no
           place
           free
           from
           his
           cruelty
           ;
           insolence
           was
           added
           to
           his
           savageness
           ,
           and
           arrogance
           to
           his
           fury
           .
           And
           now
           by
           the
           success
           of
           his
           continual
           felicity
           he
           did
           forget
           himself
           to
           be
           a
           man
           ,
           and
           did
           call
           himself
           the
           Son
           of
           Jupiter
           .
           When
           he
           would
           be
           seen
           in
           publick
           ,
           a
           golden
           Eagle
           was
           born
           before
           him
           in
           the
           honour
           of
           his
           discent
           :
           His
           body
           was
           cloathed
           with
           a
           garment
           of
           Purple
           ;
           he
           did
           wear
           buskins
           on
           his
           feet
           after
           the
           custom
           of
           Tragick
           Kings
           ,
           and
           a
           Crown
           of
           Gold
           upon
           his
           Head
           :
           He
           also
           called
           his
           Son
           Ceraunus
           ,
           that
           he
           might
           delude
           the
           gods
           not
           onely
           with
           lyes
           ,
           but
           also
           with
           names
           .
           Two
           of
           the
           most
           noble
           of
           the
           young
           men
           ,
           Chion
           and
           Leonides
           ,
           complaining
           at
           these
           things
           with
           indignation
           ,
           and
           resolved
           to
           deliver
           their
           Country
           ,
           did
           conspire
           the
           death
           of
           the
           Tyrant
           .
           These
           two
           were
           the
           Scholars
           of
           Plato
           the
           Philosopher
           ,
           who
           desiring
           
           to
           exhibite
           that
           vertue
           to
           their
           Country
           to
           which
           they
           daily
           were
           instructed
           by
           the
           precepts
           of
           their
           Master
           ,
           they
           did
           prepare
           an
           Ambush
           of
           fifty
           of
           their
           kindred
           ,
           as
           if
           they
           were
           all
           their
           Clients
           ,
           and
           repairing
           themselves
           to
           the
           Tower
           to
           the
           Kings
           ,
           as
           two
           in
           great
           contestation
           ,
           being
           admitted
           by
           the
           right
           of
           Familiarity
           ,
           whiles
           the
           Tyrant
           intentively
           heard
           the
           former
           of
           them
           pleading
           his
           cause
           ,
           he
           was
           killed
           by
           the
           other
           ;
           but
           their
           friends
           coming
           in
           not
           timely
           enough
           to
           their
           assistance
           ,
           they
           were
           both
           cut
           in
           pieces
           by
           the
           Guard
           ,
           by
           which
           it
           came
           to
           pass
           that
           the
           Tyrant
           indeed
           was
           killed
           ,
           but
           their
           Country
           was
           not
           delivered
           ;
           For
           Satyrus
           the
           brother
           of
           Clearchus
           did
           the
           same
           way
           invade
           the
           Tyranny
           ,
           and
           Heraclia
           for
           many
           yeers
           by
           degrees
           of
           succession
           was
           possessed
           by
           Tyrants
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           Seventeenth
           BOOK
           OF
           IVSTINE
           .
        
         
           MUch
           about
           the
           same
           time
           there
           was
           a
           terrible
           Earthquake
           in
           the
           Countries
           of
           Hellespont
           and
           Chersonesus
           ,
           in
           which
           though
           they
           trembled
           all
           over
           ,
           yet
           the
           City
           onely
           of
           Lysimachia
           erected
           by
           Lysimachus
           two
           and
           twenty
           yeers
           before
           ,
           was
           utterly
           overthrown
           ,
           which
           portended
           dismal
           things
           to
           come
           both
           to
           Lysimachus
           and
           to
           his
           Generation
           ,
           and
           the
           ruine
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           with
           the
           desolation
           of
           the
           afflicted
           Countries
           round
           about
           him
           .
           Neither
           was
           belief
           wanting
           to
           the
           prodigy
           ;
           for
           not
           long
           after
           ,
           he
           killed
           
           his
           Son
           Agathocles
           by
           poyson
           ,
           having
           used
           therein
           the
           assistance
           of
           his
           Stepmother
           Arsyrice
           ,
           it
           being
           the
           more
           horribly
           remarkable
           ;
           for
           (
           having
           ordained
           him
           into
           the
           succession
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           made
           many
           prosperous
           wars
           under
           his
           Conduct
           )
           he
           now
           hated
           him
           not
           onely
           beyond
           the
           obligation
           of
           a
           Father
           ,
           but
           beyond
           the
           Example
           of
           Humanity
           .
           This
           was
           his
           first
           stain
           and
           the
           beginning
           of
           his
           growing
           ruine
           ;
           For
           this
           parricide
           was
           attended
           with
           the
           slaughter
           of
           the
           Princes
           ,
           who
           were
           punished
           to
           death
           because
           they
           lamented
           the
           death
           of
           the
           young
           man.
           Therefore
           those
           who
           were
           Commanders
           in
           his
           Army
           ,
           did
           in
           great
           numbers
           fall
           away
           from
           him
           to
           Seleucus
           ,
           &
           enforced
           him
           (
           being
           prone
           enough
           before
           out
           of
           the
           emulation
           of
           glory
           )
           to
           make
           war
           against
           Lysimachus
           .
        
         
           This
           was
           the
           last
           contestation
           betwixt
           the
           fellow
           -
           Souldiers
           of
           Alexander
           ,
           and
           (
           as
           it
           were
           )
           reserved
           by
           Fortune
           to
           make
           the
           example
           of
           their
           parallel
           the
           more
           admirable
           .
           Lysimachus
           was
           seventy
           and
           four
           yeers
           of
           age
           ,
           and
           Seleucus
           seventy
           and
           seven
           :
           But
           in
           this
           old
           age
           ,
           they
           had
           both
           of
           them
           the
           resolutions
           of
           youth
           ,
           and
           an
           insatiable
           desire
           to
           encrease
           Soveraignty
           of
           Command
           ;
           for
           when
           but
           these
           two
           did
           seem
           as
           it
           were
           to
           be
           masters
           of
           the
           whole
           world
           ,
           they
           were
           shut
           up
           into
           too
           narrow
           bounds
           ,
           and
           measured
           the
           end
           of
           their
           lives
           ,
           not
           by
           the
           space
           of
           yeers
           but
           by
           this
           limits
           of
           their
           Empire
           .
           In
           
           that
           war
           Lysimachus
           having
           lost
           ▪
           before
           in
           divers
           charges
           fifteen
           sons
           ,
           dying
           not
           uncouragiously
           ,
           did
           discend
           into
           the
           Grave
           himself
           being
           the
           last
           Hearse
           of
           all
           his
           Family
           :
           Seleucus
           rejoycing
           in
           so
           great
           a
           victory
           ,
           and
           which
           he
           conceived
           to
           be
           greater
           then
           the
           victory
           ,
           that
           he
           was
           the
           last
           that
           lived
           of
           the
           cohort
           of
           Alexander
           ,
           and
           a
           Conquerour
           of
           the
           Conquerors
           ,
           did
           vaunt
           of
           his
           fortune
           ,
           as
           if
           it
           had
           been
           a
           work
           of
           Divinity
           ,
           and
           above
           the
           condition
           of
           man
           ,
           being
           altogether
           ignorant
           ,
           that
           not
           long
           afterwards
           he
           was
           to
           be
           an
           Example
           himself
           of
           the
           frailty
           of
           the
           condition
           of
           man
           ;
           for
           at
           the
           end
           of
           seven
           Moneths
           he
           was
           slain
           ,
           being
           circumvented
           by
           the
           treachery
           of
           Ptolomy
           ,
           whose
           sister
           Lysimachus
           had
           marryed
           ,
           and
           lost
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Macedonia
           (
           which
           he
           took
           away
           from
           Lysimachus
           )
           together
           with
           his
           life
           .
           Therefore
           Ptolomy
           being
           ambitious
           to
           please
           the
           people
           ,
           for
           the
           honour
           of
           the
           memory
           of
           Ptolomy
           the
           Great
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           favour
           of
           the
           revenge
           of
           Lysimachus
           ,
           did
           first
           resolve
           to
           reconcile
           unto
           him
           the
           children
           of
           Lysimachus
           ,
           and
           desired
           the
           marriage
           of
           Arsinoe
           his
           own
           sister
           who
           was
           their
           Mother
           ;
           having
           promised
           to
           adopt
           them
           his
           own
           Sons
           ,
           thinking
           thereby
           that
           they
           would
           attempt
           nothing
           against
           him
           ,
           being
           restrained
           by
           their
           duty
           to
           their
           mother
           ,
           and
           by
           their
           calling
           of
           him
           Father
           .
           He
           desired
           also
           by
           letters
           the
           friendship
           of
           his
           brother
           the
           King
           
           of
           Aegypt
           ,
           professing
           that
           he
           would
           forget
           the
           offence
           of
           his
           succeeding
           in
           his
           Fathers
           Kingdom
           ,
           &
           would
           demand
           no
           more
           of
           him
           being
           his
           brother
           ,
           the
           injury
           being
           received
           from
           his
           Father
           :
           With
           all
           his
           Art
           he
           flattered
           Eumenes
           and
           Antigonus
           the
           Sons
           of
           Demetrius
           ,
           and
           Antiochus
           the
           Son
           of
           Seleucus
           ,
           against
           whom
           he
           was
           to
           make
           war
           ,
           for
           fear
           a
           third
           Enemy
           should
           arise
           unto
           him
           .
           Neither
           was
           Pyrrhus
           the
           King
           of
           Epirus
           omitted
           ,
           it
           being
           of
           great
           concernment
           to
           what
           party
           he
           became
           a
           friend
           ,
           who
           desiring
           himself
           to
           master
           them
           all
           ,
           did
           labour
           to
           have
           an
           interest
           in
           every
           party
           .
           Therefore
           having
           promised
           to
           assist
           the
           Tarentines
           against
           the
           Romans
           ,
           he
           desired
           ships
           of
           Antigonus
           to
           transport
           his
           Army
           ;
           he
           desired
           moneys
           of
           Antiochus
           who
           was
           more
           considerable
           both
           in
           men
           and
           money
           ;
           he
           desired
           of
           Ptolomy
           the
           ayd
           of
           the
           Macedonian
           Souldiers
           ;
           Ptolomy
           who
           made
           no
           delay
           to
           gratifie
           him
           ,
           having
           a
           numerous
           Army
           ,
           did
           lend
           unto
           him
           for
           the
           space
           of
           two
           yeers
           ,
           and
           no
           longer
           ,
           five
           thousand
           foot
           ,
           four
           thousand
           horse
           ,
           and
           fifty
           Elephants
           ,
           for
           which
           Pyrrhus
           having
           taken
           to
           marriage
           the
           daughter
           of
           Ptolomy
           ,
           did
           leave
           him
           invested
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           .
        
         
           But
           because
           we
           are
           come
           to
           the
           mention
           of
           Epirus
           ,
           we
           must
           deliver
           a
           few
           things
           concerning
           the
           Original
           of
           that
           Kingdom
           .
           In
           that
           Countrey
           was
           first
           of
           all
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           the
           
           Molossians
           :
           Afterwards
           ,
           Pyrrhus
           the
           Son
           of
           Achilles
           having
           lost
           his
           Fathers
           Kingdom
           by
           his
           long
           absence
           in
           the
           Trojan
           wars
           ,
           did
           plant
           himself
           in
           this
           Country
           ,
           the
           people
           being
           first
           called
           Pyrrhide
           ,
           afterwards
           Epirotae
           :
           But
           Pyrrhus
           when
           he
           came
           to
           ask
           counsel
           in
           the
           Temple
           of
           Jupiter
           of
           Dodona
           ,
           he
           there
           saw
           and
           by
           force
           took
           unto
           him
           Anassa
           the
           Niece
           of
           Hercules
           ,
           by
           whom
           he
           had
           eight
           children
           :
           He
           marryed
           those
           who
           were
           Maids
           to
           the
           neighboring
           Kings
           ,
           and
           purchased
           to
           himself
           great
           Possessions
           by
           the
           ayd
           of
           affinity
           :
           and
           gave
           unto
           Helenus
           the
           Son
           of
           King
           Priamus
           for
           his
           singular
           knowledge
           in
           Prophecy
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Chaonia
           ,
           and
           Andromache
           the
           relict
           of
           Hector
           to
           wife
           ,
           whom
           in
           the
           division
           of
           the
           Trojan
           booty
           he
           took
           unto
           his
           own
           bed
           .
           Not
           long
           after
           he
           was
           slain
           at
           Delphos
           between
           the
           Altars
           of
           the
           god
           by
           the
           teachery
           of
           Orestes
           the
           Son
           of
           
             Agamemnon
             .
             Piales
          
           his
           Son
           succeeded
           him
           and
           by
           order
           of
           succession
           the
           Kingdom
           was
           devolved
           to
           Arymbas
           ,
           who
           being
           of
           a
           tenderage
           ,
           and
           the
           onely
           child
           that
           remayned
           of
           that
           Regal
           Family
           ,
           had
           Guardians
           assigned
           him
           with
           great
           care
           ,
           both
           for
           his
           preservation
           &
           his
           education
           :
           And
           being
           sent
           to
           Athens
           to
           be
           instructed
           there
           ,
           he
           was
           so
           much
           the
           more
           acceptable
           to
           the
           people
           ,
           as
           he
           was
           more
           learned
           then
           all
           his
           Predecessors
           ▪
           He
           first
           made
           Laws
           ,
           and
           ordained
           a
           Senate
           and
           
           yearly
           Magistrats
           ,
           and
           the
           form
           of
           a
           Commonwealth
           ;
           and
           as
           the
           Country
           became
           more
           famous
           by
           Pyrrhus
           ,
           so
           it
           was
           reduced
           to
           more
           humanity
           under
           the
           Government
           of
           Arymbas
           .
           His
           Son
           was
           named
           Neoptolomus
           ,
           from
           whom
           Olympias
           was
           immediately
           discended
           ,
           who
           was
           the
           Mother
           of
           Alexander
           the
           Great
           ,
           and
           Alexander
           who
           after
           him
           enjoyed
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Epirus
           ,
           and
           having
           made
           war
           in
           Italy
           ,
           he
           was
           slain
           amongst
           the
           Brutians
           .
           After
           his
           death
           ,
           his
           brother
           Aeacides
           succeeded
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           who
           by
           his
           daily
           wars
           against
           the
           Macedonians
           having
           too
           much
           wearyed
           and
           exhausted
           the
           people
           ,
           did
           contract
           the
           hatred
           of
           the
           Citizens
           ,
           and
           being
           forced
           into
           banishment
           by
           them
           ,
           he
           left
           his
           Son
           Pyrrhus
           a
           young
           child
           of
           two
           yeers
           of
           age
           to
           succeed
           him
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           who
           when
           he
           was
           fought
           for
           by
           the
           people
           to
           be
           put
           to
           death
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           hatred
           which
           they
           did
           bear
           unto
           Father
           ,
           he
           was
           privately
           conveyed
           to
           the
           Illyrians
           ,
           and
           delivered
           to
           Beroe
           the
           daughter
           of
           King
           Glaucias
           to
           be
           nursed
           by
           her
           ,
           who
           was
           himself
           of
           the
           Family
           of
           the
           Aeacidans
           ;
           The
           King
           either
           in
           the
           compassion
           of
           his
           fortune
           ,
           or
           delighted
           with
           his
           sportfulness
           ,
           did
           not
           onely
           protect
           him
           a
           long
           time
           against
           Cassander
           King
           of
           Macedonia
           ,
           although
           he
           threatned
           to
           make
           war
           against
           him
           for
           detaining
           of
           him
           ,
           but
           also
           did
           adopt
           him
           into
           the
           succession
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           
           with
           which
           the
           Epirots
           were
           so
           overcome
           ,
           that
           turning
           their
           Hatred
           into
           Pity
           ,
           they
           called
           him
           back
           at
           eleven
           yeers
           of
           age
           ,
           having
           set
           Guardians
           over
           him
           ,
           who
           were
           to
           govern
           the
           Kingdom
           until
           he
           arrived
           to
           maturity
           of
           age
           .
           Being
           a
           young
           man
           ,
           he
           made
           many
           wat
           's
           ,
           and
           began
           to
           be
           so
           great
           in
           the
           success
           thereof
           ,
           that
           he
           seemed
           alone
           to
           be
           able
           to
           defend
           the
           Tarentines
           against
           the
           
             Romans
             ▪
          
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           Eighteenth
           BOOK
           OF
           IVSTINE
           .
        
         
           PYrrhus
           therefore
           King
           of
           Epirus
           ,
           being
           again
           wearyed
           by
           a
           new
           Embassie
           of
           the
           Tarentines
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           Petitions
           of
           the
           Lucanians
           and
           Samnites
           who
           also
           needed
           ayd
           against
           the
           Romans
           ,
           was
           not
           much
           induced
           by
           the
           Petitions
           of
           the
           Suppliants
           ,
           as
           by
           the
           hope
           of
           invading
           the
           Empire
           of
           Italy
           ,
           and
           did
           promise
           that
           he
           would
           assist
           them
           with
           his
           Army
           .
           The
           E●
           ▪
           amples
           of
           his
           Ancestors
           did
           carry
           him
           on
           med
           
           violently
           to
           it
           ,
           being
           well
           enclined
           to
           it
           of
           himself
           ,
           that
           he
           might
           not
           seem
           to
           be
           inferior
           to
           his
           Uncle
           Alexander
           ,
           whom
           the
           same
           Tarantines
           used
           as
           their
           Protector
           against
           the
           Brutians
           ,
           or
           to
           have
           less
           resolution
           then
           Alexander
           the
           Great
           ,
           who
           in
           a
           war
           so
           remote
           from
           his
           own
           Country
           had
           subdued
           the
           East
           :
           Therefore
           having
           left
           his
           Son
           Ptolomy
           about
           the
           fifteenth
           yeer
           of
           his
           age
           to
           be
           the
           Keeper
           of
           his
           Kingdom
           ,
           he
           landed
           his
           Army
           in
           the
           Haven
           of
           Tarentum
           ,
           having
           taken
           with
           him
           his
           two
           young
           Sons
           Alexander
           and
           Helenus
           ,
           to
           be
           some
           solace
           to
           him
           in
           so
           remote
           an
           Expedition
           .
        
         
           
             Valerius
             Levinus
          
           the
           Roman
           Consul
           ,
           having
           heard
           of
           his
           arrival
           ,
           did
           march
           towards
           him
           with
           all
           speed
           ,
           with
           a
           resolution
           to
           give
           him
           battel
           before
           his
           Auxiliaries
           could
           be
           drawn
           together
           ;
           And
           having
           put
           his
           Army
           in
           array
           ,
           the
           King
           though
           inferiour
           in
           the
           number
           of
           Souldiers
           ,
           made
           no
           delay
           to
           encounter
           him
           :
           The
           Romans
           being
           Conquerors
           ,
           at
           first
           were
           amazed
           ,
           and
           enforced
           to
           forsake
           the
           battel
           at
           the
           unusal
           sight
           and
           charge
           of
           the
           Elephants
           ;
           these
           strange
           monsters
           of
           the
           Macedonians
           did
           on
           a
           sudden
           conquer
           the
           Conquerors
           ,
           neither
           had
           their
           Enemies
           an
           unbloody
           victory
           :
           For
           Pyrrhus
           himself
           was
           grievously
           wounded
           ,
           and
           〈◊〉
           great
           part
           of
           his
           Souldiers
           being
           slain
           ,
           he
           〈◊〉
           a
           greater
           glory
           then
           a
           joy
           of
           the
           Victory
           .
           
           Many
           of
           the
           Cities
           of
           Italy
           following
           the
           event
           of
           this
           battel
           ,
           did
           deliver
           themselves
           to
           Pyrrhus
           ;
           Amongst
           the
           rest
           ,
           the
           Locri
           having
           betrayed
           the
           Roman
           Garrison
           did
           submit
           to
           
             Pyrrhus
             :
             Pyrrhus
          
           out
           of
           the
           booty
           which
           he
           took
           ,
           sent
           back
           to
           Rome
           two
           hundred
           Souldiers
           whom
           he
           had
           taken
           Prisoners
           without
           any
           ransom
           ,
           that
           the
           Romans
           might
           take
           notice
           as
           well
           of
           his
           liberality
           as
           of
           his
           valour
           :
           Some
           time
           being
           passed
           ,
           when
           the
           Army
           of
           the
           Associates
           were
           drawn
           altogether
           ,
           he
           joyned
           in
           battel
           again
           with
           the
           Romans
           ,
           in
           which
           his
           fortune
           was
           the
           same
           as
           in
           the
           former
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           ,
           Mago
           the
           General
           of
           the
           Carthaginians
           ,
           being
           sent
           with
           one
           hundred
           and
           twenty
           ships
           to
           bring
           Auxiliaries
           to
           the
           Romans
           ,
           did
           address
           himself
           to
           the
           Senate
           ,
           affirming
           that
           the
           Carthaginians
           did
           deeply
           resent
           that
           in
           Italy
           they
           should
           suffer
           the
           calamity
           of
           war
           from
           a
           forraign
           King
           :
           For
           which
           cause
           he
           was
           sent
           ,
           that
           the
           Romans
           being
           enfested
           by
           a
           forraign
           Enemy
           ,
           they
           should
           also
           be
           relieved
           by
           a
           forraign
           Enemy
           .
        
         
           The
           Senate
           having
           returned
           their
           hearty
           thanks
           to
           the
           Carthaginians
           ,
           did
           send
           back
           their
           Auxiliaries
           .
           But
           Mago
           after
           the
           fine
           subtilty
           of
           the
           Punick
           wit
           ,
           after
           a
           few
           days
           did
           repair
           privately
           to
           Pyrrhus
           as
           a
           peace-maker
           from
           the
           Carthaginians
           ,
           to
           dive
           into
           his
           Counsels
           concerning
           Sicily
           ,
           to
           which
           place
           Fame
           reported
           
           that
           he
           was
           designed
           .
           And
           indeed
           ,
           that
           was
           the
           cause
           why
           the
           Romans
           sent
           back
           the
           Carthaginians
           ayd
           ,
           lest
           Pyrrhus
           in
           the
           war
           with
           Rome
           ,
           being
           detained
           in
           Italy
           ,
           should
           not
           have
           the
           liberty
           to
           transport
           his
           Army
           and
           the
           war
           into
           Sicily
           .
        
         
           Whiles
           these
           things
           were
           in
           agitation
           ,
           
             Fabricius
             Lucinus
          
           being
           sent
           Ambassador
           from
           the
           Senate
           of
           Rome
           ,
           did
           conclude
           a
           peace
           with
           Pyrrhus
           ;
           to
           confirm
           which
           ,
           Cyneas
           being
           sent
           to
           Rome
           with
           great
           presents
           from
           Pyrrhus
           ,
           found
           not
           any
           whose
           hand
           was
           open
           to
           entertain
           them
           :
           There
           was
           almost
           at
           the
           same
           time
           ,
           another
           Example
           of
           the
           same
           continuance
           of
           the
           Romans
           ;
           for
           an
           Ambassie
           being
           sent
           from
           the
           Senate
           into
           Aegypt
           ,
           when
           they
           had
           refused
           great
           gifts
           offered
           to
           them
           by
           King
           Ptolomy
           ,
           some
           few
           days
           after
           being
           invited
           to
           a
           supper
           ,
           they
           had
           Crowns
           of
           Gold
           sent
           to
           them
           ,
           which
           having
           received
           in
           a
           complement
           of
           an
           honour
           ,
           the
           next
           day
           they
           imposed
           them
           on
           the
           Statues
           of
           the
           King.
           Cyneas
           when
           he
           brought
           back
           word
           that
           the
           Peace
           with
           the
           Romans
           was
           disturbed
           by
           
             Appius
             Claudius
             ,
             Pyrrhus
          
           demanded
           of
           him
           what
           manner
           of
           City
           Rome
           was
           ;
           He
           made
           answer
           ,
           That
           it
           seemed
           to
           him
           to
           be
           a
           City
           all
           of
           Kings
           .
        
         
           After
           this
           ,
           the
           Ambassadors
           of
           Sicily
           came
           to
           Pyrrhus
           ,
           delivering
           to
           him
           the
           command
           of
           the
           whole
           Iland
           ,
           which
           was
           extreamly
           harrassed
           
           with
           the
           daily
           wars
           of
           the
           Carthaginians
           .
           Therefore
           having
           left
           his
           Son
           Alexander
           at
           Locri
           ,
           and
           put
           strong
           Garrisons
           into
           the
           Cities
           ,
           he
           passed
           over
           with
           his
           Army
           into
           Sicily
           .
        
         
           And
           because
           mention
           hath
           been
           made
           of
           the
           Carthaginians
           ,
           we
           will
           speak
           something
           of
           their
           original
           ,
           the
           Genealogy
           of
           the
           Tyrians
           being
           to
           be
           extracted
           from
           many
           generations
           ,
           whose
           conditions
           also
           were
           much
           to
           be
           lamented
           .
           The
           Nation
           of
           the
           Tyrians
           discended
           from
           the
           Phoenicians
           ;
           who
           being
           shaken
           with
           an
           Earthquake
           ,
           having
           abandoned
           their
           Country
           ,
           did
           first
           inhabit
           the
           Assyrian
           marsh
           ,
           and
           not
           long
           afterwards
           the
           shoar
           next
           unto
           the
           Sea
           where
           they
           builded
           a
           City
           and
           called
           it
           Sidon
           ,
           from
           the
           abundance
           that
           was
           there
           of
           fishes
           ;
           for
           the
           Phoenicians
           call
           a
           fish
           Sidon
           ;
           After
           the
           process
           of
           many
           yeers
           ,
           being
           overcome
           by
           King
           Ascalon
           ,
           they
           took
           shipping
           again
           ,
           and
           did
           build
           the
           City
           of
           Tyre
           in
           the
           yeer
           before
           the
           destruction
           of
           Troy
           ;
           and
           being
           long
           and
           variously
           wearied
           with
           the
           wars
           of
           the
           Persians
           ,
           they
           were
           Conqueros
           at
           the
           last
           ;
           but
           their
           Forces
           being
           exhausted
           ,
           they
           endured
           unworthy
           punishments
           by
           their
           own
           Servants
           at
           that
           time
           abounding
           in
           their
           multitudes
           ,
           who
           having
           made
           a
           conspiracy
           ,
           did
           kill
           all
           the
           free
           people
           and
           their
           masters
           with
           them
           ;
           and
           possessing
           themselves
           of
           the
           City
           ,
           they
           enjoyed
           the
           
           Houses
           of
           their
           Masters
           ,
           they
           invaded
           the
           Commonwealth
           ,
           they
           marryed
           wives
           and
           begat
           children
           .
        
         
           One
           amongst
           so
           many
           thousands
           of
           the
           slaves
           ,
           being
           of
           a
           better
           disposition
           ,
           and
           prompted
           to
           take
           compassion
           on
           the
           old
           man
           his
           Master
           and
           his
           little
           Son
           ,
           did
           not
           kill
           them
           with
           cruelty
           ,
           but
           look'd
           upon
           them
           with
           pious
           pity
           and
           humanity
           ;
           therefore
           when
           he
           had
           removed
           them
           out
           of
           the
           way
           ,
           as
           if
           they
           had
           been
           slain
           ,
           the
           slaves
           taking
           into
           consideration
           the
           present
           condition
           of
           their
           Republick
           ,
           they
           thought
           it
           expedient
           to
           have
           a
           King
           created
           out
           of
           their
           own
           Corporation
           ,
           and
           to
           make
           choyce
           of
           him
           as
           most
           acceptable
           to
           the
           gods
           ,
           who
           first
           could
           discover
           the
           rising
           Sun.
           This
           design
           he
           acquainted
           Strato
           with
           ,
           for
           so
           his
           Masters
           name
           was
           called
           whom
           he
           had
           privately
           conceald
           :
           and
           being
           by
           him
           instructed
           of
           the
           place
           of
           the
           Randezvous
           ,
           when
           at
           midnight
           they
           came
           all
           forth
           into
           one
           Field
           ,
           the
           others
           looking
           towards
           the
           East
           ,
           he
           alone
           did
           turn
           himself
           towards
           the
           West
           ;
           It
           appeared
           unto
           them
           a
           madness
           to
           look
           for
           the
           rising
           of
           the
           Sun
           in
           the
           Hemiphere
           of
           the
           West
           :
           But
           when
           the
           day
           brake
           forth
           ,
           and
           the
           Sun
           began
           to
           shine
           on
           the
           highest
           tops
           of
           all
           their
           Cities
           ;
           others
           expecting
           that
           they
           should
           in
           the
           East
           behold
           the
           rising
           of
           the
           Sun
           ,
           he
           showed
           them
           in
           the
           West
           the
           fulgor
           of
           it
           ,
           where
           it
           did
           gild
           the
           Pinnacles
           of
           their
           
           Temples
           .
           The
           device
           appeared
           to
           exceed
           the
           apprehension
           of
           a
           slave
           ;
           and
           Strato
           being
           examined
           ,
           he
           confessed
           that
           he
           had
           been
           one
           of
           their
           Masters
           :
           Then
           they
           understood
           how
           much
           ingenious
           understandings
           were
           superiour
           to
           the
           servile
           ,
           and
           that
           slaves
           may
           overcome
           in
           numbers
           and
           malice
           ,
           but
           not
           in
           wisdom
           ;
           pardon
           therefore
           was
           granted
           to
           the
           old
           man
           and
           his
           Son
           ;
           and
           as
           if
           they
           had
           been
           preserved
           by
           Providence
           ,
           they
           immediately
           created
           Strato
           their
           King
           ;
           after
           whose
           death
           the
           Kingdom
           passed
           to
           his
           Son
           ,
           and
           afterwards
           to
           his
           Grandsons
           .
           This
           outragious
           villany
           of
           the
           slaves
           ,
           was
           everywhere
           reported
           as
           an
           Example
           to
           be
           feared
           over
           all
           the
           World
           :
           Therefore
           in
           the
           process
           of
           time
           ,
           when
           Alexander
           the
           Great
           made
           war
           in
           the
           East
           ,
           having
           sacked
           the
           City
           of
           the
           Tyrians
           ,
           he
           lastned
           all
           to
           the
           Cross
           who
           remained
           alive
           ,
           as
           the
           Revenger
           of
           the
           publick
           security
           in
           the
           remembrance
           of
           this
           their
           ancient
           slaughter
           ;
           But
           he
           preserved
           the
           Family
           of
           Strato
           inviolate
           ,
           and
           restored
           the
           Kingdom
           to
           his
           posterity
           ;
           ingenuous
           and
           innocent
           Inhabitants
           being
           commanded
           to
           inhabit
           that
           City
           ,
           and
           so
           the
           servile
           race
           being
           utterly
           extirpated
           ,
           a
           new
           generation
           of
           Citizens
           was
           erected
           .
           The
           Tyrians
           being
           thus
           founded
           by
           the
           auspication
           of
           Alexander
           ,
           did
           soon
           grow
           rich
           by
           thrift
           and
           industry
           :
           But
           before
           the
           murders
           
           committed
           on
           their
           Masters
           ,
           when
           they
           abounded
           both
           in
           wealth
           &
           numbers
           ,
           having
           sent
           a
           Colony
           into
           Africa
           ,
           they
           builded
           the
           City
           of
           Vtica
           :
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           ,
           the
           King
           of
           Tyrus
           deceased
           ,
           having
           left
           Heirs
           Pygmalion
           his
           Son
           ,
           and
           Eliza
           his
           daughter
           ,
           a
           Virgin
           of
           an
           excellent
           beauty
           ;
           The
           people
           delivered
           the
           Kingdom
           to
           Pygmalion
           a
           boy
           of
           a
           very
           tender
           age
           .
           Eliza
           marryed
           her
           Uncle
           Sichaeus
           the
           Priest
           of
           Hercules
           ,
           which
           was
           an
           honour
           next
           unto
           the
           King.
           He
           had
           great
           but
           concealed
           treasures
           ,
           and
           for
           fear
           of
           the
           King
           he
           did
           hide
           his
           gold
           ,
           not
           in
           Houses
           or
           Coffers
           ,
           but
           in
           the
           Earth
           ,
           which
           though
           it
           was
           unknown
           to
           men
           ,
           yet
           Fame
           reveal'd
           it
           to
           Pygmalion
           ,
           who
           being
           transported
           with
           an
           insatiable
           desire
           of
           it
           ,
           and
           forgetting
           all
           respects
           of
           nature
           and
           humanity
           ,
           did
           impiously
           kill
           his
           Uncle
           ,
           who
           was
           also
           his
           brother-in-law
           .
           Eliza
           for
           a
           long
           time
           could
           not
           endure
           the
           presence
           of
           Pygmalion
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           horrid
           murder
           he
           had
           committed
           ;
           at
           the
           last
           ,
           having
           dissembled
           her
           hatred
           ,
           and
           made
           more
           smooth
           her
           brow
           ,
           she
           privately
           attempted
           to
           fly
           away
           ,
           and
           having
           taken
           into
           her
           society
           some
           of
           the
           Princes
           who
           were
           equally
           exasperated
           against
           the
           King
           ,
           she
           truly
           conceived
           that
           they
           had
           the
           same
           desire
           to
           make
           an
           escape
           with
           her
           .
           After
           this
           she
           made
           her
           deceitful
           addresses
           to
           her
           brother
           ,
           and
           represented
           to
           him
           that
           she
           
           had
           a
           desire
           to
           live
           in
           his
           Court
           ,
           that
           the
           house
           of
           her
           Husband
           might
           no
           longer
           renew
           any
           subject
           of
           grief
           unto
           her
           ,
           she
           being
           desirous
           to
           forget
           him
           ,
           and
           that
           no
           longer
           the
           imagination
           of
           him
           might
           reflect
           so
           sad
           upon
           her
           .
           Pygmalion
           did
           give
           no
           unwilling
           eare
           to
           these
           words
           of
           his
           sister
           ,
           thinking
           that
           with
           her
           the
           gold
           of
           Sychaeus
           would
           come
           along
           unto
           him
           .
           But
           Eliza
           in
           the
           dusk
           of
           the
           evening
           ,
           did
           put
           into
           the
           ships
           not
           onely
           the
           goods
           but
           the
           servants
           of
           the
           King
           ,
           who
           were
           sent
           by
           him
           to
           attend
           her
           in
           his
           removal
           to
           the
           Court
           :
           and
           being
           carryed
           into
           the
           main
           ,
           she
           commanded
           them
           to
           throw
           into
           the
           Sea
           some
           great
           bags
           and
           sacks
           of
           sand
           ,
           which
           she
           said
           were
           all
           bags
           of
           gold
           ,
           and
           so
           made
           up
           and
           corded
           ,
           that
           by
           their
           handling
           they
           could
           not
           discover
           what
           the
           heavie
           burden
           was
           .
           Then
           she
           melting
           into
           tears
           ,
           did
           implore
           Sichaeus
           with
           a
           mournful
           voyce
           ,
           that
           favourably
           he
           would
           receive
           his
           own
           wealth
           which
           he
           left
           ,
           and
           take
           those
           as
           sacrifices
           to
           his
           grave
           which
           were
           the
           cause
           of
           his
           death
           :
           After
           this
           ,
           she
           sent
           for
           the
           servants
           of
           the
           King
           ,
           and
           declared
           to
           them
           ,
           that
           for
           her
           part
           ,
           she
           wished
           for
           death
           many
           yeers
           ago
           ,
           but
           grievous
           and
           dismal
           torments
           did
           hang
           over
           their
           own
           heads
           ,
           who
           had
           taken
           to
           satisfie
           the
           avarice
           of
           the
           Tyrant
           ,
           the
           wealth
           of
           Sychaeus
           ,
           for
           the
           hope
           of
           which
           
           the
           King
           had
           murdered
           him
           .
           These
           words
           having
           shot
           a
           general
           fear
           into
           them
           ,
           she
           took
           them
           along
           with
           her
           as
           the
           companions
           of
           her
           flight
           ,
           and
           on
           that
           night
           also
           a
           prepared
           company
           of
           Senators
           did
           unite
           themselves
           unto
           her
           ,
           and
           under
           pretence
           of
           renewing
           the
           Sacrifices
           in
           the
           honour
           of
           Hercules
           ,
           whose
           Priest
           Sichaeus
           was
           ,
           they
           sought
           new
           habitations
           by
           a
           wilful
           banishment
           .
           Sayling
           along
           the
           Coast
           ,
           they
           were
           first
           driven
           into
           the
           I
           le
           of
           Cyprus
           ,
           where
           the
           Priest
           of
           Jupiter
           by
           the
           admonition
           of
           the
           god
           ,
           did
           offer
           himself
           a
           companion
           to
           Eliza
           ,
           with
           his
           wife
           and
           children
           ,
           to
           be
           a
           partaker
           of
           her
           fortune
           ,
           having
           agreed
           with
           her
           to
           have
           for
           himself
           and
           his
           posterity
           the
           perpetual
           honor
           of
           the
           Priesthood
           .
           The
           condition
           was
           taken
           for
           a
           manifest
           token
           of
           a
           good
           fortune
           to
           come
           .
           It
           was
           the
           custom
           of
           the
           Cyprians
           to
           send
           their
           Virgins
           on
           set
           days
           before
           their
           marriage
           to
           the
           Sea-shore
           ,
           to
           provide
           themselves
           a
           Dowry
           by
           the
           use
           of
           their
           bodies
           ,
           and
           to
           offer
           sacrifice
           afterwards
           to
           Venus
           for
           the
           rest
           of
           their
           chastity
           :
           Eliza
           commanded
           that
           fourscore
           of
           the
           youngest
           of
           them
           should
           be
           taken
           away
           and
           carryed
           to
           her
           ships
           ,
           that
           so
           both
           the
           young
           men
           she
           took
           with
           her
           might
           enjoy
           wives
           ,
           and
           her
           City
           grew
           numerous
           by
           Posterity
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           ,
           Pygmalion
           having
           understood
           
           the
           flight
           of
           her
           sister
           ,
           and
           resolving
           to
           prosecute
           her
           with
           an
           impious
           war
           ,
           he
           was
           with
           much
           difficulty
           restrained
           by
           the
           entreaties
           of
           his
           Mother
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           threatnings
           of
           the
           gods
           ,
           the
           Prophets
           by
           inspirations
           presaging
           to
           him
           ,
           that
           he
           should
           not
           go
           unpunished
           ,
           if
           he
           hindred
           the
           beginnings
           of
           a
           City
           ,
           which
           promised
           to
           be
           the
           most
           flourishing
           one
           in
           the
           World
           ;
           by
           this
           means
           Eliza
           and
           those
           who
           fled
           with
           her
           ,
           had
           leave
           to
           breathe
           ;
           therefore
           being
           brought
           into
           the
           Coasts
           of
           Africa
           ,
           she
           sollicited
           the
           Inhabitants
           ,
           rejoycing
           at
           the
           arrival
           of
           Strangers
           ▪
           and
           the
           Commerce
           of
           Traffick
           with
           them
           ,
           to
           make
           friendship
           with
           her
           :
           Having
           then
           bought
           a
           place
           no
           larger
           then
           what
           might
           be
           incompassed
           with
           the
           Hide
           of
           an
           Ox
           ,
           in
           which
           she
           might
           refresh
           her
           Associates
           ,
           weary
           with
           their
           long
           travel
           ,
           until
           she
           advanced
           further
           ;
           she
           divided
           and
           did
           cut
           the
           Hide
           into
           long
           and
           thin
           thongs
           ,
           by
           which
           artifice
           she
           gained
           a
           far
           larger
           extent
           of
           ground
           then
           she
           seemed
           to
           desire
           ,
           by
           reason
           whereof
           the
           place
           was
           afterwards
           call'd
           ,
           The
           Burss
           .
           The
           Neighbors
           out
           of
           every
           Country
           in
           a
           short
           time
           ,
           did
           in
           great
           numbers
           resort
           thither
           ,
           and
           in
           hope
           of
           gain
           brought
           many
           things
           to
           be
           bought
           by
           their
           new
           Guests
           ,
           and
           making
           Booths
           to
           vent
           their
           Commodities
           ,
           it
           appeared
           by
           the
           frequency
           of
           the
           people
           ,
           like
           a
           new
           City
           .
           
           The
           Ambassadors
           also
           of
           the
           Vticensians
           did
           bring
           presents
           to
           them
           as
           to
           their
           kindred
           ,
           and
           did
           exhort
           them
           to
           build
           a
           City
           where
           they
           had
           made
           their
           mansion
           .
        
         
           The
           Africans
           also
           had
           a
           great
           desire
           to
           entertain
           these
           new
           Inhabitants
           ;
           therefore
           Carthage
           was
           builded
           by
           the
           general
           consent
           of
           all
           the
           Tyrians
           ,
           paying
           a
           yeerly
           Tribute
           for
           the
           ground
           on
           which
           the
           City
           was
           builded
           :
           In
           the
           first
           foundations
           of
           the
           City
           ,
           there
           was
           found
           the
           head
           of
           a
           Bullock
           ,
           which
           was
           the
           token
           indeed
           of
           a
           fruitful
           Earth
           ,
           but
           of
           a
           labourious
           and
           a
           servile
           City
           ;
           wherefore
           they
           translated
           the
           City
           into
           another
           place
           ;
           There
           the
           head
           of
           an
           horse
           ,
           (
           portending
           that
           they
           should
           be
           a
           wa●like
           and
           powerful
           people
           )
           did
           give
           a
           happy
           auspication
           to
           the
           original
           of
           their
           City
           .
           The
           Nations
           coming
           in
           throngs
           to
           give
           their
           judgement
           on
           this
           new
           City
           ,
           in
           a
           short
           time
           ,
           both
           the
           people
           and
           the
           City
           were
           greatly
           enlarged
           .
           The
           affairs
           of
           the
           Carthaginians
           flourishing
           thus
           in
           continual
           success
           ,
           Hiarbas
           King
           of
           the
           Mauritanians
           having
           sent
           ten
           of
           his
           Princes
           to
           them
           ,
           he
           demanded
           Eliza
           for
           wife
           ,
           and
           threatned
           to
           make
           war
           upon
           them
           if
           they
           should
           deny
           him
           :
           The
           Ambassadors
           fearing
           to
           declare
           their
           Message
           to
           the
           Queen
           ,
           they
           dealed
           with
           her
           according
           to
           the
           capritiousness
           of
           the
           Punick
           apprehension
           ,
           and
           expressed
           to
           her
           that
           the
           
           King
           desired
           to
           have
           one
           who
           should
           teach
           the
           Africans
           more
           refined
           Arts
           and
           manners
           ;
           but
           none
           of
           their
           own
           consanguinity
           could
           be
           found
           who
           would
           come
           unto
           them
           living
           like
           Barbarians
           ,
           and
           not
           to
           be
           distinguished
           from
           the
           manners
           of
           beasts
           ▪
           Being
           then
           reproved
           by
           the
           Queen
           if
           they
           themselves
           would
           refuse
           any
           difficulty
           or
           travel
           for
           the
           improvement
           of
           their
           Country
           ,
           to
           which
           if
           necessity
           did
           require
           ,
           they
           did
           owe
           their
           lives
           ,
           they
           delivered
           to
           the
           Queen
           the
           mandats
           of
           the
           King
           ,
           alledging
           that
           if
           she
           intended
           well
           to
           her
           own
           City
           ,
           she
           must
           do
           that
           her self
           which
           she
           prescribed
           unto
           others
           .
           Being
           circumvented
           by
           this
           deceit
           ,
           having
           with
           many
           tears
           and
           great
           lamentation
           invoked
           the
           name
           of
           Sichaeus
           ,
           she
           at
           last
           made
           answer
           ,
           That
           she
           would
           go
           whether
           her
           own
           stubborn
           fortunes
           and
           the
           destinies
           of
           her
           City
           did
           call
           her
           .
           For
           which
           having
           taken
           the
           space
           of
           three
           Monthes
           ,
           she
           at
           the
           end
           thereof
           ,
           erected
           a
           huge
           pile
           of
           wood
           in
           the
           Suburbs
           of
           her
           City
           ,
           and
           as
           she
           would
           appease
           the
           ghost
           of
           her
           Husband
           ,
           she
           slew
           many
           sacrifices
           ;
           and
           having
           a
           drawn
           sword
           in
           her
           had
           ,
           she
           did
           ascend
           the
           funeral
           pile
           ,
           and
           looking
           back
           on
           her
           people
           ,
           she
           told
           them
           that
           she
           would
           go
           to
           her
           Husband
           accordingly
           as
           he
           had
           enjoined
           her
           ,
           and
           ended
           her
           life
           with
           the
           sword
           :
           As
           long
           as
           Carthage
           was
           unconquered
           ,
           she
           was
           afterwards
           
           honoured
           for
           a
           Goddess
           .
           This
           City
           was
           builded
           before
           Rome
           threescore
           and
           twelve
           yeers
           ,
           and
           as
           it
           was
           famous
           for
           war
           ,
           so
           the
           state
           thereof
           at
           home
           was
           troubled
           with
           much
           contention
           .
           When
           amongst
           many
           other
           calamities
           ,
           they
           were
           afflicted
           also
           with
           the
           plague
           ,
           they
           used
           the
           Religion
           of
           a
           most
           bloody
           devotion
           ,
           &
           an
           abhomination
           for
           their
           remedy
           ,
           for
           they
           offered
           men
           in
           Sacrifice
           ,
           and
           laid
           their
           children
           on
           their
           bloody
           Altars
           ,
           whose
           Infancy
           would
           have
           provoked
           their
           Enemies
           to
           compassion
           ,
           and
           with
           their
           blood
           they
           desired
           peace
           of
           the
           gods
           ,
           for
           whose
           life
           the
           gods
           were
           accustomed
           by
           other
           Nations
           to
           be
           devoutly
           importuned
           .
           The
           gods
           therefore
           being
           averse
           to
           so
           horrid
           an
           impiety
           ,
           when
           a
           long
           time
           they
           had
           fought
           unfortunately
           in
           Sicily
           ,
           the
           war
           being
           translated
           into
           Sardina
           ,
           they
           were
           overthrown
           in
           a
           great
           battel
           ,
           having
           lost
           the
           best
           part
           of
           their
           Army
           ,
           for
           which
           they
           commanded
           Macheus
           (
           under
           whose
           conduct
           they
           had
           subdued
           a
           part
           of
           Sicily
           ,
           and
           performed
           great
           atchievements
           against
           the
           Africans
           )
           to
           be
           banished
           with
           the
           part
           of
           the
           Army
           which
           remained
           :
           Which
           the
           Souldiers
           took
           so
           heavily
           ,
           that
           they
           sent
           Ambassadors
           to
           Carthage
           ,
           who
           in
           the
           first
           place
           were
           to
           desire
           the
           liberty
           to
           return
           into
           their
           Country
           ,
           and
           a
           pardon
           for
           their
           unhappy
           warfare
           ,
           and
           if
           not
           ,
           
           to
           declare
           unto
           them
           ,
           That
           if
           they
           could
           not
           obtain
           it
           by
           entreaties
           ,
           they
           would
           command
           it
           by
           arms
           .
           When
           the
           threatnings
           as
           well
           as
           the
           Petitions
           of
           the
           Ambassadors
           were
           despised
           ,
           they
           not
           long
           after
           having
           embarked
           themselves
           ▪
           did
           advance
           in
           arms
           unto
           the
           City
           .
           There
           having
           called
           both
           the
           gods
           and
           men
           to
           witness
           ,
           that
           they
           came
           not
           to
           ruine
           ,
           but
           to
           be
           restored
           to
           their
           Country
           ,
           and
           to
           manifest
           to
           the
           Citizens
           ,
           that
           in
           the
           managing
           of
           the
           former
           war
           ,
           they
           wanted
           not
           valour
           ,
           but
           fortune
           ,
           having
           besieged
           the
           City
           ,
           and
           cut
           off
           all
           provisions
           from
           coming
           to
           it
           ,
           they
           brought
           the
           Carthaginians
           to
           the
           lowest
           desperation
           .
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           ,
           Cartalo
           the
           Son
           of
           the
           banished
           Machaeus
           ,
           when
           he
           was
           sent
           for
           by
           his
           Father
           ,
           as
           he
           passed
           by
           the
           Leaguer
           in
           his
           return
           from
           Tyre
           (
           to
           which
           place
           he
           was
           sent
           by
           the
           Carthaginians
           to
           carry
           the
           Tenths
           to
           Hercules
           out
           of
           the
           Sicilian
           prey
           ,
           which
           his
           Father
           took
           )
           he
           returned
           answer
           ,
           That
           he
           would
           first
           discharge
           the
           obligations
           of
           publick
           Religion
           before
           the
           duties
           of
           private
           piety
           ;
           This
           answer
           ,
           although
           it
           much
           troubled
           his
           Father
           ,
           yet
           he
           durst
           not
           offer
           any
           violence
           to
           Religion
           ;
           Not
           long
           after
           ,
           the
           people
           having
           made
           Cartalo
           their
           Agent
           ,
           to
           desire
           that
           Machaeus
           would
           suffer
           provisions
           to
           be
           brought
           with
           safety
           to
           the
           City
           ,
           when
           he
           came
           unto
           his
           Father
           ,
           being
           cloathed
           in
           purple
           
           and
           the
           fillets
           of
           the
           Priesthood
           hanging
           down
           from
           his
           Miter
           ,
           his
           Father
           calling
           him
           aside
           did
           speak
           unto
           him
           ;
           And
           how
           darest
           thou
           ,
           wretch
           as
           thou
           art
           ,
           to
           approach
           into
           the
           presence
           of
           so
           many
           miserable
           Citizens
           cloathed
           in
           that
           purple
           &
           glistering
           with
           gold
           !
           How
           darest
           thou
           ,
           as
           it
           were
           in
           triumph
           to
           enter
           into
           our
           sad
           mournful
           Tents
           ,
           in
           such
           a
           slowing
           habit
           and
           ornaments
           of
           quiet
           felicity
           !
           Couldst
           thou
           finde
           none
           else
           to
           whom
           to
           vaunt
           thy self
           ?
           was
           there
           no
           place
           so
           fit
           for
           thee
           as
           this
           Camp
           ,
           where
           is
           nothing
           to
           be
           represented
           ,
           but
           the
           sordid
           condition
           of
           thy
           Father
           ,
           and
           the
           reproaches
           of
           his
           unhappy
           banishment
           ?
           Not
           many
           daies
           since
           being
           sent
           for
           by
           me
           ,
           thou
           didst
           not
           onely
           proudly
           despise
           (
           I
           will
           not
           say
           )
           thy
           Father
           ,
           but
           I
           am
           confident
           ,
           the
           General
           of
           thy
           own
           Citizens
           ;
           And
           what
           shewest
           thou
           more
           in
           that
           purple
           ,
           and
           those
           Crowns
           ,
           then
           the
           titles
           of
           my
           Victories
           ?
           Since
           therefore
           ,
           thou
           wilt
           acknowledge
           nothing
           of
           a
           Father
           ,
           but
           the
           title
           onely
           of
           a
           banished
           man
           ,
           I
           am
           resolved
           to
           shew
           my self
           not
           like
           a
           Father
           but
           a
           Souldier
           ,
           and
           I
           will
           make
           thee
           an
           Example
           that
           none
           hereafter
           shall
           be
           so
           bold
           as
           to
           scorn
           the
           unhappy
           miseries
           of
           his
           Father
           ;
           having
           said
           this
           ,
           he
           commanded
           him
           to
           be
           fastned
           to
           a
           most
           high
           Cross
           ,
           in
           his
           gorgeous
           habiliments
           in
           the
           sight
           of
           the
           whole
           City
           .
           Some
           few
           days
           
           afterwards
           he
           surprized
           Carthage
           ,
           and
           having
           called
           forth
           the
           people
           to
           an
           Assembly
           ,
           he
           complained
           of
           the
           injury
           of
           his
           banishment
           ,
           he
           excused
           the
           necessity
           of
           the
           war
           ,
           he
           forgave
           the
           contempt
           of
           his
           former
           Victories
           ,
           &
           having
           punished
           the
           chief
           Authors
           of
           the
           injurious
           banishment
           of
           the
           miserable
           Citizens
           ,
           he
           pardoned
           all
           the
           rest
           ;
           And
           having
           put
           to
           death
           ten
           of
           the
           Senators
           ,
           he
           restored
           the
           City
           to
           her
           former
           Laws
           .
           And
           not
           long
           after
           being
           accused
           to
           have
           affected
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           he
           suffered
           double
           punishment
           ,
           both
           for
           the
           murder
           of
           his
           Son
           ,
           and
           for
           the
           violation
           of
           the
           liberties
           of
           his
           Country
           .
           In
           his
           place
           Mago
           was
           chosen
           General
           ,
           by
           whose
           industry
           and
           courage
           the
           wealth
           of
           the
           Carthaginians
           ,
           and
           the
           limits
           of
           their
           Empire
           ,
           and
           their
           glory
           in
           the
           affairs
           of
           war
           increased
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           Nineteenth
           BOOK
           OF
           IVSTINE
           .
        
         
           MAgo
           the
           General
           of
           the
           Carthaginians
           ,
           having
           established
           their
           government
           by
           an
           orderly
           course
           of
           military
           Discipline
           ,
           and
           confirmed
           the
           strength
           of
           that
           City
           ,
           as
           well
           by
           the
           art
           of
           war
           as
           by
           his
           policy
           ,
           deceased
           ,
           having
           left
           behind
           him
           two
           Sons
           ,
           Asdrubal
           and
           Amilcar
           ,
           who
           treading
           in
           the
           pathes
           of
           their
           Fathers
           vertue
           ,
           did
           succeed
           as
           well
           in
           the
           greatness
           ,
           as
           in
           the
           genealogy
           of
           their
           Father
           .
           Under
           their
           conduct
           war
           made
           against
           the
           Illyrians
           :
           They
           
           fought
           also
           against
           the
           Africans
           ,
           demanding
           the
           Tribute
           for
           the
           ground
           of
           their
           City
           ,
           the
           payment
           whereof
           for
           many
           yeers
           was
           neglected
           :
           But
           as
           the
           cause
           of
           the
           Africans
           was
           more
           just
           ,
           so
           their
           fortune
           was
           better
           ;
           And
           the
           war
           was
           concluded
           with
           them
           not
           by
           Arms
           ,
           but
           with
           the
           payment
           of
           the
           moneys
           :
           And
           Asdrubal
           being
           grievously
           wounded
           ,
           dyed
           in
           Sardinia
           ,
           having
           delivered
           up
           the
           Government
           to
           his
           brother
           Amilcar
           :
           The
           general
           lamentation
           in
           the
           City
           ,
           and
           his
           eleven
           Dictatorships
           ,
           and
           four
           Triumphs
           ,
           did
           make
           his
           death
           the
           more
           remarkable
           .
           The
           courage
           also
           of
           the
           Enemy
           did
           encrease
           ,
           as
           if
           the
           Carthaginians
           had
           lost
           their
           Army
           with
           their
           Captain
           ;
           The
           people
           therefore
           of
           Sicilia
           having
           addressed
           themselves
           to
           Leonidas
           brother
           of
           the
           King
           of
           the
           Spartans
           (
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           daily
           injuries
           committed
           by
           the
           Carthanigians
           )
           the
           war
           between
           them
           continued
           long
           with
           various
           success
           .
           Whiles
           these
           things
           were
           in
           action
           ,
           Ambassadors
           came
           to
           Carthage
           from
           Darius
           King
           of
           the
           Persians
           ,
           bringing
           an
           Edict
           with
           them
           ,
           in
           which
           the
           Carthaginians
           were
           forbidden
           to
           sacrifice
           men
           upon
           their
           Altars
           ,
           as
           also
           to
           eat
           the
           flesh
           of
           dogs
           ,
           they
           were
           also
           commanded
           to
           burn
           ,
           and
           not
           to
           bury
           in
           the
           ground
           the
           bodies
           of
           the
           dead
           ;
           they
           desired
           also
           ayd
           of
           the
           Carthaginians
           against
           the
           Grecians
           ,
           on
           whom
           Darius
           was
           
           resolved
           to
           make
           war.
           But
           the
           Carthaginians
           refusing
           to
           send
           Auxiliaries
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           daily
           wars
           with
           their
           Neighbors
           ,
           did
           readily
           obey
           him
           in
           the
           rest
           ,
           lest
           that
           they
           might
           seem
           to
           be
           obstinate
           altogether
           .
           Amilcar
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           was
           killed
           in
           the
           Sicilian
           war
           ,
           having
           left
           behind
           him
           three
           Sons
           ,
           
             Hamilco
             ,
             Hanno
          
           ,
           and
           
             Gisco
             .
             Asdrubal
          
           also
           had
           the
           same
           number
           of
           Sons
           ,
           
             Annibal
             ,
             Asdrubal
          
           ,
           and
           Sapho
           ,
           by
           whom
           the
           affairs
           of
           the
           Carthaginians
           were
           governed
           in
           those
           times
           ;
           they
           invaded
           the
           Mauritanians
           ,
           and
           fought
           against
           the
           Numidians
           ;
           and
           the
           Africans
           were
           compelled
           to
           remit
           the
           Tribute
           which
           was
           demanded
           for
           their
           City
           :
           Afterwards
           when
           so
           a
           great
           a
           Family
           of
           the
           chief
           Commanders
           began
           to
           be
           heavie
           to
           the
           City
           ,
           because
           they
           did
           act
           and
           determine
           all
           things
           of
           themselves
           ,
           the
           City
           made
           choyce
           of
           one
           hundred
           of
           the
           Senators
           ,
           unto
           whom
           the
           Generals
           (
           returning
           from
           the
           war
           )
           were
           to
           give
           an
           account
           of
           what
           they
           had
           done
           for
           the
           publick
           service
           ,
           that
           being
           under
           the
           power
           of
           this
           supream
           Court
           ,
           they
           might
           so
           in
           war
           dispose
           of
           their
           Commands
           ,
           that
           they
           might
           have
           a
           regard
           to
           Justice
           and
           to
           the
           Laws
           at
           home
           .
           Amilco
           succeeded
           General
           in
           Sicily
           in
           the
           place
           of
           Amilcar
           ,
           who
           when
           he
           made
           many
           successful
           encounters
           ,
           both
           by
           Sea
           and
           Land
           ,
           did
           at
           last
           on
           a
           sudden
           ,
           lose
           all
           
           his
           Army
           by
           the
           rage
           of
           a
           pestilential
           Planet
           .
           Which
           when
           it
           was
           reported
           at
           Carthage
           ,
           the
           City
           was
           so
           full
           of
           sorrow
           and
           lamentation
           ,
           as
           if
           it
           had
           been
           taken
           it self
           :
           The
           shops
           and
           houses
           were
           shut
           up
           ;
           so
           were
           the
           Temples
           of
           the
           gods
           ;
           no
           publick
           duties
           of
           religion
           were
           performed
           ,
           and
           all
           Offices
           intermitted
           which
           belonged
           to
           the
           administration
           of
           justice
           .
           They
           all
           slocked
           in
           throngs
           to
           the
           Haven
           ,
           and
           asked
           those
           few
           who
           came
           out
           of
           the
           ships
           (
           who
           escaped
           the
           fury
           of
           the
           mortality
           )
           how
           their
           Sons
           and
           kinsmen
           did
           ;
           and
           when
           they
           were
           assured
           of
           their
           deaths
           ,
           of
           which
           before
           they
           were
           uncertain
           ,
           and
           were
           in
           some
           hopes
           that
           the
           Reports
           were
           false
           ,
           they
           filled
           all
           the
           shoar
           with
           their
           lamentations
           ;
           nothing
           was
           heard
           but
           sighes
           and
           throbs
           ,
           and
           the
           sad
           complaints
           of
           the
           unhappy
           Parents
           .
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           ,
           the
           distressed
           General
           Amilco
           came
           down
           out
           of
           his
           own
           ship
           ,
           raggedly
           cloathed
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           habit
           of
           a
           servant
           ;
           the
           multitudes
           of
           the
           mourners
           pressed
           round
           about
           him
           to
           behold
           him
           ;
           And
           he
           amongst
           the
           rest
           lifting
           up
           his
           hands
           to
           Heaven
           ,
           sometimes
           bewailed
           his
           own
           ,
           and
           sometimes
           the
           publick
           fortune
           ;
           sometime
           he
           accused
           the
           gods
           who
           took
           from
           them
           so
           many
           Ornaments
           and
           Trophies
           of
           the
           war
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           victories
           which
           they
           had
           given
           them
           ,
           and
           had
           destroyed
           the
           victorious
           Army
           ,
           not
           by
           war
           but
           pestilence
           ,
           so
           many
           Cities
           being
           taken
           ,
           
           and
           the
           Enemies
           so
           often
           overcome
           in
           the
           battels
           both
           by
           Sea
           and
           Land
           ;
           Howsoever
           ,
           he
           said
           ,
           he
           brought
           some
           comfort
           to
           the
           Citizens
           ,
           that
           the
           Enemies
           though
           they
           might
           rejoyce
           ,
           yet
           they
           could
           not
           glory
           in
           their
           calamity
           ,
           for
           they
           could
           neither
           say
           ,
           that
           those
           who
           were
           dead
           were
           killed
           ,
           or
           that
           those
           who
           returned
           ,
           were
           routed
           by
           them
           .
           The
           booty
           he
           said
           ,
           which
           the
           Enemy
           found
           in
           their
           abandoned
           Tents
           ,
           was
           not
           such
           as
           they
           could
           boast
           to
           be
           the
           spoyls
           of
           a
           conquered
           Enemy
           ,
           but
           such
           as
           by
           the
           casual
           deaths
           of
           their
           Masters
           ,
           they
           had
           seized
           upon
           ,
           being
           poor
           and
           transitory
           things
           ,
           which
           no
           body
           was
           left
           to
           own
           ;
           &
           that
           in
           relation
           to
           their
           enemies
           ,
           they
           departed
           Conquerors
           ,
           but
           in
           the
           relation
           to
           the
           plagues
           ,
           they
           departed
           conquered
           :
           Howsoever
           ,
           he
           affirmed
           that
           he
           took
           nothing
           more
           neer
           unto
           his
           heart
           ,
           then
           that
           he
           could
           not
           die
           himself
           amongst
           so
           many
           most
           valiant
           men
           ,
           and
           was
           preserved
           not
           for
           any
           delight
           which
           he
           took
           in
           life
           ,
           but
           onely
           to
           be
           the
           sport
           of
           calamity
           ;
           yet
           nevertheless
           ,
           having
           brought
           the
           miserable
           relicks
           of
           his
           Army
           to
           Carthage
           ,
           he
           would
           follow
           also
           himself
           his
           deceased
           Souldiers
           ,
           and
           would
           make
           it
           apparent
           to
           his
           Country
           ,
           that
           he
           did
           not
           continue
           to
           that
           day
           ,
           because
           he
           had
           a
           minde
           to
           live
           ,
           but
           that
           he
           would
           not
           by
           his
           death
           ,
           betray
           these
           whom
           the
           direful
           pestilence
           had
           spared
           ,
           by
           leaving
           them
           amongst
           the
           Armies
           of
           their
           Enemies
           .
           
           With
           this
           Resolution
           and
           complaint
           ,
           having
           entred
           the
           City
           ,
           as
           he
           came
           to
           the
           threshold
           of
           his
           own
           door
           ,
           he
           dismissed
           the
           multitude
           that
           followed
           him
           with
           his
           last
           Farewel
           unto
           them
           ,
           and
           having
           locked
           the
           door
           ,
           with
           his
           sword
           he
           put
           a
           period
           to
           his
           own
           life
           ,
           not
           admitting
           any
           ,
           not
           so
           much
           as
           his
           own
           Sons
           to
           come
           unto
           him
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           Twentieth
           BOOK
           OF
           IVSTINE
           .
        
         
           THe
           Carthaginians
           being
           driven
           out
           of
           
             Sicily
             ,
             Dionysius
          
           seized
           upon
           the
           command
           of
           the
           whole
           Iland
           ,
           and
           thinking
           so
           great
           an
           Army
           without
           action
           would
           be
           prejudicial
           to
           his
           Kingdom
           ,
           he
           transported
           his
           forces
           into
           Italy
           ,
           that
           the
           Souldiers
           should
           be
           both
           exercised
           with
           continual
           labor
           ,
           and
           the
           bounds
           of
           his
           Kingdom
           enlarged
           ;
           His
           first
           war
           there
           was
           amongst
           the
           Grecians
           who
           enhabited
           the
           next
           Coasts
           of
           the
           Italian
           Sea
           ,
           who
           beings
           overcome
           ,
           he
           
           assaulted
           all
           their
           Neighbors
           ,
           and
           destined
           to
           himself
           all
           the
           Grecians
           that
           possessed
           Italy
           ,
           who
           at
           that
           time
           enjoyed
           not
           onely
           a
           part
           but
           almost
           all
           Italy
           ;
           for
           many
           Cities
           after
           so
           great
           a
           Tract
           of
           Antiquity
           ,
           do
           to
           this
           day
           demonstrate
           that
           they
           received
           their
           original
           from
           the
           Grecians
           .
           For
           the
           people
           of
           Tuscany
           ,
           who
           inhabit
           the
           Coast
           of
           the
           lower
           Sea
           ,
           did
           come
           from
           Lydia
           ;
           And
           Troy
           being
           taken
           and
           sacked
           ,
           did
           send
           forth
           the
           Venetians
           ,
           who
           are
           the
           Inhabitants
           on
           the
           Coasts
           of
           the
           upper
           Sea
           under
           Antenor
           their
           Commander
           ;
           Adria
           also
           which
           is
           washed
           by
           the
           Illyrian
           Sea
           ,
           is
           a
           Greek
           City
           which
           gives
           a
           name
           to
           the
           Adriatick
           ,
           and
           so
           is
           Arpos
           which
           
             (
             Troy
          
           being
           overthrown
           )
           Diomedes
           builded
           ,
           being
           brought
           by
           shipwrack
           into
           that
           place
           ;
           Pisca
           also
           amongst
           the
           Ligurians
           ,
           is
           beholding
           to
           the
           Graecians
           for
           her
           original
           .
           And
           amongst
           the
           
             Tuscans
             ,
             Tarquinia
          
           derives
           her
           beginning
           from
           the
           Thessalians
           ,
           and
           the
           Spinambrians
           and
           Perusians
           from
           the
           Achaians
           ;
           What
           shall
           I
           speak
           of
           the
           City
           Cere
           ,
           and
           the
           Latine
           people
           who
           seem
           to
           be
           planted
           by
           Aeneas
           ?
           And
           are
           not
           the
           
             Falicians
             ,
             Japigians
             ,
             Nolans
             ,
             Abelans
             ,
          
           Plantations
           from
           Calcedo
           in
           Greece
           ?
           What
           shall
           I
           speak
           of
           all
           the
           Provinces
           of
           Campania
           ?
           What
           shall
           I
           speak
           of
           the
           
             Brutians
             ,
             Sabinians
          
           ,
           and
           the
           Samnits
           ?
           what
           of
           the
           Tarentins
           which
           we
           have
           read
           did
           
           come
           from
           Lacedaemon
           ,
           and
           were
           called
           Spurii
           .
           It
           is
           recorded
           that
           Philoctetes
           did
           build
           the
           City
           of
           the
           Thurins
           ,
           whose
           Monument
           is
           yet
           to
           be
           seen
           in
           that
           place
           ;
           As
           also
           the
           Arrows
           of
           Hercules
           which
           were
           the
           first
           ruine
           of
           Troy
           ,
           are
           to
           be
           seen
           in
           the
           Temple
           of
           Apollo
           .
           The
           Metapontins
           also
           do
           shew
           in
           the
           Temple
           of
           Minerva
           those
           Tools
           of
           Iron
           with
           which
           Epeus
           ,
           from
           whom
           they
           are
           derived
           ,
           did
           build
           the
           Trojan
           horse
           ;
           by
           reason
           of
           these
           Inhabitants
           ,
           all
           that
           part
           of
           Italy
           is
           called
           
             Graecia
             major
          
           .
        
         
           But
           in
           the
           beginning
           of
           these
           Originals
           ,
           the
           Metapontins
           with
           the
           Sybarits
           and
           Crotonians
           ,
           did
           resolve
           to
           drive
           all
           the
           other
           Grecians
           out
           of
           Italy
           ;
           and
           having
           first
           of
           all
           taken
           by
           force
           the
           City
           of
           Syris
           ,
           they
           killed
           fifty
           young
           men
           ,
           embracing
           the
           Image
           of
           Minerva
           ,
           and
           the
           Priestess
           her self
           amongst
           the
           Altars
           of
           the
           Goddess
           ,
           having
           on
           her
           the
           Sacerdotial
           ornaments
           .
           Wherefore
           when
           they
           were
           punished
           with
           pestilence
           and
           sedition
           ;
           the
           Crotonians
           first
           of
           all
           repaired
           to
           the
           Oracle
           at
           Delphos
           for
           a
           remedy
           ,
           to
           whom
           it
           was
           answered
           ,
           That
           an
           end
           to
           their
           calamity
           would
           ensue
           ,
           if
           they
           would
           pacifie
           the
           violated
           power
           of
           Minerva
           ,
           and
           the
           ghosts
           of
           the
           slaughtered
           young
           men
           :
           Therefore
           when
           they
           began
           in
           the
           first
           place
           to
           erect
           the
           Statue
           of
           Minerva
           ;
           and
           afterwards
           of
           the
           young
           men
           according
           to
           the
           just
           proportion
           of
           
           their
           bodies
           ,
           the
           Metapontins
           having
           understood
           the
           Oracle
           of
           the
           gods
           ,
           did
           resolve
           to
           be
           as
           forward
           in
           the
           Religion
           as
           they
           ,
           and
           erected
           small
           Images
           of
           stone
           to
           the
           young
           men
           ,
           and
           pacified
           the
           goddess
           with
           Manufactures
           of
           Wool.
           And
           thus
           the
           Plague
           was
           ceased
           in
           both
           places
           ,
           the
           one
           striving
           who
           should
           exceed
           in
           magnificence
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           in
           swiftness
           :
           The
           Crotonians
           being
           recovered
           to
           their
           health
           ,
           were
           not
           long
           quiet
           .
           But
           being
           discontented
           ,
           that
           in
           the
           taking
           of
           the
           City
           of
           Syris
           ,
           the
           Locrensians
           did
           send
           Auxiliaries
           against
           them
           ,
           they
           made
           war
           upon
           them
           ,
           which
           so
           troubled
           the
           Locrensians
           ,
           that
           they
           besought
           ayd
           of
           the
           Lacedemonians
           ;
           The
           Lacedemonians
           being
           unwilling
           to
           employ
           their
           forces
           into
           so
           remote
           a
           war
           ,
           did
           advise
           them
           to
           crave
           ayd
           of
           
             Castor
             &
             Pollux
          
           ;
           Neither
           did
           the
           Ambassadors
           despise
           the
           counsel
           of
           their
           friends
           ;
           And
           departing
           to
           the
           next
           Temple
           ,
           having
           offered
           sacrifice
           ,
           they
           implored
           the
           assistance
           of
           the
           gods
           ,
           and
           having
           obtained
           as
           they
           thought
           what
           they
           desired
           ,
           and
           being
           as
           ioyful
           as
           if
           they
           should
           carry
           the
           gods
           themselves
           with
           them
           ,
           they
           placed
           Cussions
           for
           them
           in
           the
           ship
           ,
           and
           by
           a
           fortunate
           adventure
           they
           brought
           home
           comfort
           to
           their
           distressed
           Army
           in
           the
           stead
           of
           help
           .
           This
           being
           known
           ,
           the
           Crotonians
           themselves
           did
           send
           Ambassadors
           to
           the
           Oracle
           at
           Delphos
           ,
           imploring
           the
           grant
           of
           victory
           ,
           and
           prosperous
           events
           in
           th●
           
           wars
           to
           come
           .
           It
           was
           answered
           ,
           that
           the
           Enemies
           were
           first
           to
           be
           overcome
           by
           Votes
           ,
           and
           afterwards
           by
           Arms.
           
        
         
           Hereupon
           the
           Locrensians
           devoted
           to
           Apollo
           the
           Tythes
           or
           Tenths
           of
           their
           booty
           ,
           having
           understood
           that
           the
           Crotonians
           had
           devoted
           but
           the
           ninth
           part
           ,
           which
           they
           reserved
           with
           great
           privacy
           ,
           lest
           the
           answer
           of
           the
           god
           being
           known
           ,
           they
           should
           be
           overcome
           in
           their
           Votes
           .
           Therefore
           when
           both
           Armies
           were
           drawn
           into
           battel-Array
           ,
           and
           there
           were
           marshalled
           in
           the
           Field
           one
           hundred
           and
           twenty
           thousand
           armed
           men
           of
           the
           Crotonians
           ,
           the
           Locrensians
           looking
           upon
           their
           own
           Musters
           ,
           which
           could
           not
           at
           the
           most
           amount
           to
           above
           fifteen
           thousand
           men
           ,
           having
           abandoned
           all
           hope
           of
           Victory
           ,
           they
           did
           destinate
           themselves
           to
           a
           certain
           death
           ;
           and
           so
           honourable
           an
           heat
           did
           grow
           upon
           them
           all
           out
           of
           this
           desperation
           ,
           that
           in
           the
           battel
           they
           thought
           themselves
           to
           be
           Conquerors
           ,
           if
           they
           dyed
           not
           unrevenged
           .
           Thus
           whiles
           they
           desired
           to
           die
           honourably
           ,
           they
           overcame
           happily
           ;
           and
           their
           despair
           was
           the
           original
           of
           their
           Victory
           .
           In
           the
           heat
           and
           height
           of
           the
           labour
           of
           their
           sword
           ,
           an
           Eagle
           constantly
           appeared
           to
           fly
           in
           the
           front
           of
           the
           Locrensian
           Army
           ,
           and
           sometimes
           wheeling
           about
           the
           wings
           of
           the
           Army
           ,
           she
           would
           immediately
           return
           and
           be
           seen
           again
           to
           hover
           over
           them
           ,
           until
           they
           were
           become
           Masters
           of
           the
           Field
           .
           In
           the
           
           wings
           of
           their
           battel
           there
           were
           also
           seen
           two
           young
           men
           to
           fight
           in
           Armor
           far
           different
           from
           others
           ,
           and
           remarkable
           by
           the
           height
           and
           greatness
           of
           their
           bodies
           ,
           and
           by
           their
           white
           horses
           ,
           and
           co●cineous
           paludaments
           ;
           neither
           did
           they
           appear
           any
           longer
           then
           whiles
           the
           battels
           were
           fighting
           .
        
         
           The
           incredible
           swiftness
           of
           the
           report
           of
           the
           victory
           did
           encrease
           the
           wonder
           of
           it
           :
           For
           on
           the
           same
           day
           on
           which
           the
           Battel
           was
           fought
           in
           Italy
           ,
           the
           Victory
           of
           the
           Locrensians
           was
           reported
           at
           Corinth
           and
           Athens
           ,
           and
           at
           Lacedaemon
           .
           After
           this
           ,
           the
           Crotonians
           delighted
           themselves
           ,
           neither
           in
           the
           exercises
           of
           honour
           ,
           nor
           in
           the
           use
           of
           Arms
           ,
           for
           they
           hated
           what
           so
           unhappily
           they
           undertook
           ,
           and
           had
           changed
           their
           lives
           into
           luxury
           ,
           had
           it
           not
           been
           for
           the
           documents
           of
           Pythagoras
           the
           Philosopher
           ,
           who
           being
           born
           at
           Samos
           ,
           was
           the
           Son
           of
           Demaratus
           a
           rich
           Merchant
           ;
           he
           was
           indued
           with
           excellent
           gifts
           of
           wisdom
           and
           understanding
           ,
           and
           travelled
           first
           into
           Aegypt
           ,
           and
           afterwards
           to
           Babylon
           to
           learn
           the
           motion
           of
           the
           Stars
           ,
           and
           to
           understand
           the
           beginning
           of
           the
           World
           ;
           And
           having
           therein
           attained
           to
           the
           perfection
           of
           knowledge
           ,
           he
           returned
           to
           Creet
           and
           Lacedaemon
           ,
           to
           instruct
           himself
           in
           the
           Laws
           of
           Minos
           and
           Ly●urgus
           ,
           with
           which
           (
           their
           Laws
           being
           the
           most
           famous
           of
           all
           in
           those
           daies
           )
           he
           reduced
           the
           people
           of
           Crotona
           from
           the
           abuse
           of
           
           riot
           by
           his
           example
           ,
           to
           the
           use
           of
           temperance
           and
           frugality
           .
           He
           daily
           extolled
           vertue
           ,
           and
           cryed
           down
           the
           vices
           of
           luxury
           ,
           and
           did
           number
           to
           them
           how
           many
           Cities
           were
           destroyed
           by
           this
           devouring
           sin
           ;
           and
           at
           last
           he
           was
           so
           much
           followed
           by
           the
           multitude
           ,
           that
           what
           was
           thought
           almost
           incredible
           ,
           even
           some
           of
           the
           most
           riotous
           of
           those
           people
           were
           converted
           into
           the
           manners
           and
           principles
           of
           the
           most
           thrifty
           of
           men
           .
           He
           had
           several
           Schools
           and
           several
           Auditories
           ,
           and
           distinctly
           taught
           the
           Matrons
           from
           the
           men
           ,
           &
           the
           children
           from
           their
           Parents
           :
           He
           taught
           the
           Matrons
           chastity
           ,
           and
           obsequiousness
           towards
           theit
           husbands
           ;
           and
           he
           taught
           their
           husbands
           temperance
           ,
           and
           to
           be
           lovers
           of
           Learning
           .
           He
           alwayes
           prompted
           both
           unto
           frugality
           ,
           as
           if
           it
           were
           the
           mother
           of
           all
           vertues
           ,
           and
           by
           his
           daily
           disputation
           he
           so
           prevailed
           that
           the
           Matrons
           did
           leave
           off
           their
           Garments
           of
           gold
           ,
           and
           other
           ornaments
           of
           their
           dignity
           ,
           as
           the
           instruments
           of
           luxury
           ;
           and
           these
           ornaments
           being
           brought
           them
           into
           the
           Temple
           of
           Juno
           ,
           they
           were
           by
           these
           Matrons
           consecrated
           to
           the
           goddess
           her self
           ,
           professing
           that
           the
           best
           ornaments
           of
           Matrons
           was
           chastity
           and
           not
           gorgeous
           apparrel
           :
           How
           much
           also
           he
           prevailed
           by
           conquest
           on
           the
           young
           men
           ,
           the
           conquered
           spirits
           of
           the
           contumacious
           women
           ●id
           declare
           .
           But
           when
           three
           hundred
           of
           the
           young
           men
           having
           obliged
           themselves
           by
           oath
           ,
           
           through
           the
           Interest
           of
           their
           society
           ,
           did
           like
           Separatists
           segregate
           themselves
           from
           the
           rest
           of
           their
           Citizens
           ,
           being
           suspected
           to
           hold
           a
           clandestine
           Conspirary
           ,
           they
           exasperated
           the
           Citizens
           against
           them
           ,
           who
           would
           have
           burned
           them
           altogether
           being
           convened
           in
           one
           house
           .
           In
           this
           tumult
           there
           perished
           about
           threescore
           of
           them
           ;
           the
           rest
           were
           condemned
           to
           banishment
           .
           Pythagoras
           having
           lived
           twenty
           years
           at
           Crotona
           ,
           did
           remove
           himself
           to
           Metapontum
           ,
           in
           which
           City
           he
           dyed
           ;
           they
           had
           there
           so
           great
           an
           admiration
           of
           him
           ,
           that
           they
           made
           of
           his
           house
           a
           Temple
           ,
           and
           did
           worship
           him
           as
           a
           god
           .
        
         
           Dionysius
           the
           Tyrant
           having
           (
           as
           before
           we
           mentioned
           )
           transported
           his
           Army
           out
           of
           Sicily
           into
           Italy
           ,
           and
           made
           war
           upon
           the
           Grecians
           who
           there
           inhabited
           ,
           he
           overcame
           the
           Locrians
           ,
           and
           did
           assault
           the
           Crotonians
           through
           a
           long
           respite
           scarce
           resuming
           new
           strength
           ,
           so
           great
           was
           their
           overthrow
           of
           their
           former
           war
           ;
           they
           now
           more
           valiantly
           resisted
           with
           a
           few
           men
           the
           powerful
           Army
           of
           Dionysius
           ,
           then
           heretofore
           with
           many
           thousands
           they
           resisted
           the
           inconsiderable
           number
           of
           the
           Locrensians
           :
           So
           much
           vertue
           hath
           poverty
           against
           insolent
           riches
           ,
           and
           sometimes
           so
           much
           more
           certain
           is
           a
           dispaired
           then
           a
           presumed
           Victory
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           ,
           the
           Ambassadors
           of
           the
           Gauls
           ,
           who
           not
           many
           Moneths
           before
           had
           burned
           Rome
           ,
           did
           address
           themselves
           to
           Dionysius
           
           making
           wars
           in
           Italy
           ,
           and
           desired
           a
           league
           and
           friendship
           of
           him
           ,
           they
           affirmed
           that
           their
           Nation
           was
           now
           seated
           between
           his
           Enemies
           ,
           and
           would
           be
           of
           great
           concernment
           to
           him
           ,
           both
           to
           attend
           him
           in
           the
           Van
           ▪
           or
           to
           defend
           him
           if
           his
           Enemies
           should
           take
           the
           advantage
           to
           press
           upon
           him
           in
           the
           Rear
           .
        
         
           This
           Embassie
           was
           acceptable
           to
           Dionysius
           ;
           wherefore
           having
           entred
           into
           a
           league
           with
           them
           ,
           and
           re-inforced
           his
           Army
           with
           Auxiliaries
           from
           them
           ,
           he
           did
           begin
           the
           war
           again
           .
           The
           cause
           which
           brought
           these
           Gauls
           to
           seek
           new
           habitations
           in
           Italy
           ,
           was
           civil
           discord
           and
           daily
           dissentions
           at
           home
           ,
           being
           weary
           with
           the
           tediousness
           whereof
           ,
           when
           they
           came
           in
           multitudes
           into
           Italy
           ,
           they
           did
           drive
           the
           Tuscans
           from
           their
           possessions
           ,
           and
           builded
           
             Millain
             ,
             Comum
             ,
             Brixia
             ,
             Verona
             ,
             Bergomum
             ,
             Tridentum
             ,
          
           and
           Vincentia
           .
           The
           Tuscans
           at
           the
           same
           time
           under
           the
           command
           of
           Rhetus
           ,
           having
           lost
           their
           ancient
           habitations
           ,
           did
           possess
           themselves
           of
           the
           Alpes
           ,
           and
           called
           the
           Country
           which
           they
           commanded
           Rhetia
           ,
           after
           the
           name
           of
           their
           Commander
           .
        
         
           Not
           long
           afterwards
           ,
           Dionysius
           was
           called
           back
           into
           Sicily
           by
           the
           Carthaginians
           ,
           who
           having
           recovered
           themselves
           by
           the
           aggregation
           of
           new
           Forces
           ,
           did
           begin
           the
           war
           again
           which
           they
           had
           abandoned
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           Pestilence
           .
           Hanno
           was
           chosen
           General
           of
           the
           
           war
           ,
           whose
           Enemy
           Suniator
           the
           most
           powerful
           at
           that
           time
           of
           all
           the
           Carthaginians
           ,
           when
           in
           hatred
           to
           him
           he
           had
           frequently
           in
           the
           Greek
           Tongue
           acquainted
           Dionysius
           of
           the
           approch
           of
           the
           Army
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           temper
           and
           sloath
           of
           the
           General
           ,
           the
           letters
           being
           intercepted
           ,
           he
           was
           accused
           of
           Treason
           ,
           and
           condemned
           for
           it
           ,
           and
           an
           Act
           was
           passed
           by
           the
           Senate
           ,
           that
           no
           Carthaginian
           should
           afterwards
           either
           speak
           or
           write
           in
           the
           Greek
           Tongue
           ,
           that
           they
           might
           hold
           no
           discourse
           ,
           nor
           write
           unto
           the
           Enemy
           without
           an
           Interpreter
           :
           Not
           long
           after
           Dionysius
           ,
           whom
           neither
           Sicily
           nor
           Italy
           could
           contain
           ,
           being
           overcome
           and
           wearyed
           out
           with
           the
           daily
           encounters
           in
           the
           war
           ,
           was
           slain
           by
           the
           treachery
           of
           his
           own
           Souldiers
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           One
           and
           twentieth
           BOOK
           OF
           IVSTINE
           .
        
         
           DIonysius
           the
           Tyrant
           being
           slain
           in
           Sicily
           ,
           the
           Souldiers
           did
           substitute
           in
           his
           place
           his
           eldest
           Son
           ,
           who
           was
           called
           after
           his
           Fathers
           Name
           ,
           both
           for
           the
           maturity
           of
           his
           Age
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           Kingdom
           might
           be
           more
           firmly
           united
           ,
           if
           it
           continued
           in
           the
           power
           of
           one
           man
           ,
           then
           if
           it
           should
           be
           by
           parts
           divided
           amongst
           many
           of
           his
           children
           .
           But
           Dionysius
           in
           the
           beginning
           of
           his
           raign
           had
           a
           desire
           to
           take
           away
           his
           Uncles
           as
           those
           who
           would
           be
           partakers
           with
           him
           in
           his
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           be
           the
           perswaders
           of
           his
           brothers
           to
           have
           
           it
           divided
           amongst
           them
           .
           And
           the
           better
           to
           dissemble
           his
           design
           ,
           he
           thought
           it
           requisite
           in
           the
           first
           place
           to
           assure
           himself
           of
           the
           good
           opinion
           of
           the
           people
           ,
           being
           more
           excusedly
           to
           perform
           what
           he
           had
           determined
           ,
           if
           he
           stood
           fast
           in
           the
           approbation
           of
           them
           all
           .
           He
           delivered
           therefore
           out
           of
           prison
           three
           thousand
           that
           lay
           there
           in
           chains
           together
           ,
           and
           for
           three
           years
           dismissed
           the
           payment
           of
           all
           tributes
           ,
           and
           by
           all
           Artifices
           sollicited
           the
           affections
           of
           all
           men
           to
           him
           .
        
         
           Then
           resolving
           to
           put
           in
           practice
           his
           contrived
           villany
           ,
           he
           put
           to
           the
           sword
           not
           onely
           the
           kinsmen
           of
           his
           brothers
           ,
           but
           even
           his
           brothers
           themselves
           ,
           beginning
           his
           tyranny
           first
           in
           his
           own
           Family
           before
           he
           exercised
           it
           in
           others
           ,
           and
           left
           not
           so
           much
           as
           the
           spirit
           of
           fraternal
           consortment
           to
           those
           to
           whom
           he
           owed
           a
           consortment
           in
           his
           Kingdom
           .
           His
           emulators
           being
           thus
           taken
           away
           ,
           and
           falling
           into
           sloth
           ,
           he
           became
           unweildy
           in
           his
           body
           by
           too
           much
           riot
           ,
           and
           contracted
           so
           great
           a
           weakeness
           in
           his
           eyes
           ,
           that
           he
           could
           not
           endure
           the
           Sun
           or
           Dust
           ,
           or
           any
           splendor
           of
           light
           :
           By
           reason
           of
           which
           ,
           believing
           that
           he
           began
           to
           become
           despicable
           ,
           he
           committed
           outragious
           cruelties
           ,
           and
           filled
           not
           as
           his
           Father
           the
           prisons
           with
           enchained
           Citizens
           ,
           but
           filled
           the
           City
           with
           the
           murthers
           of
           them
           ,
           by
           which
           he
           grew
           both
           contemptible
           and
           hateful
           unto
           all
           .
           
           Therefore
           when
           the
           Syracusians
           had
           determined
           war
           against
           him
           ,
           he
           was
           in
           a
           great
           suspence
           whether
           he
           should
           lay
           down
           his
           royal
           Authority
           ,
           or
           make
           resistance
           in
           war
           against
           them
           ;
           but
           his
           Souldiers
           propounding
           to
           themselves
           a
           great
           booty
           ,
           and
           the
           plundering
           of
           the
           City
           ,
           he
           was
           enforced
           by
           them
           to
           try
           it
           out
           in
           battel
           with
           them
           .
           Being
           overcome
           ,
           when
           not
           long
           after
           he
           had
           the
           same
           ill
           fortune
           in
           the
           fight
           again
           ,
           he
           sent
           Ambassadors
           to
           Syracusae
           ,
           promising
           to
           lay
           down
           his
           tyranny
           ,
           if
           they
           would
           send
           some
           to
           him
           to
           agree
           upon
           Articles
           for
           a
           peace
           .
        
         
           The
           Syracusians
           sending
           some
           of
           the
           most
           eminent
           in
           their
           City
           to
           him
           ,
           he
           commanded
           them
           to
           prison
           ,
           and
           brought
           his
           Army
           to
           overthrow
           their
           City
           ,
           which
           at
           that
           present
           feared
           no
           assault
           ,
           nor
           the
           approach
           of
           any
           Enemy
           at
           all
           :
           The
           fight
           was
           a
           long
           time
           doubtful
           in
           the
           City
           ,
           but
           the
           Citizens
           overcoming
           with
           their
           multitudes
           ,
           Dionysius
           was
           routed
           and
           beaten
           out
           of
           it
           .
           And
           fearing
           to
           be
           besieged
           in
           the
           Tower
           ,
           he
           fled
           privately
           into
           Italy
           with
           all
           his
           Princely
           furniture
           :
           Being
           there
           as
           a
           banished
           man
           ,
           he
           was
           received
           by
           the
           Locrensians
           ,
           who
           were
           in
           friendship
           with
           him
           ,
           and
           he
           possessed
           himself
           of
           their
           Tower
           ,
           where
           he
           exercised
           his
           accustomed
           cruelties
           :
           He
           commanded
           the
           wives
           of
           the
           chiefest
           of
           the
           City
           to
           be
           defloured
           ;
           He
           took
           away
           the
           Virgins
           
           by
           force
           ,
           and
           having
           ravished
           them
           ,
           he
           returned
           them
           to
           those
           who
           were
           to
           espouse
           them
           :
           The
           most
           wealthy
           of
           all
           the
           City
           he
           commanded
           to
           be
           expelled
           ,
           or
           to
           be
           slain
           ,
           and
           did
           confiscate
           their
           goods
           ;
           And
           when
           there
           was
           not
           the
           lest
           occasion
           for
           any
           further
           rapine
           ,
           he
           circumvented
           the
           whole
           City
           by
           this
           studied
           project
           .
           When
           the
           Locrensians
           were
           oppressed
           by
           the
           war
           of
           Leophron
           Tyrant
           of
           Rhegium
           ,
           they
           vowed
           if
           they
           were
           Conquerors
           ,
           they
           would
           prostitute
           their
           Virgins
           on
           a
           day
           dedicated
           to
           Venus
           .
           This
           vow
           being
           unperformed
           ,
           when
           they
           made
           unfortunate
           wars
           against
           the
           
             Lucanians
             ,
             Dionysius
          
           called
           them
           to
           a
           publick
           Assembly
           ,
           and
           did
           exhort
           them
           to
           send
           their
           wives
           and
           daughters
           into
           the
           Temple
           of
           Venus
           ,
           dressed
           in
           the
           richest
           cloathes
           they
           could
           put
           on
           ,
           and
           that
           one
           hundred
           of
           them
           ,
           chosen
           by
           lot
           ,
           might
           perform
           the
           publick
           vow
           ,
           and
           that
           for
           Religions
           sake
           ,
           they
           might
           stand
           one
           whole
           Moneth
           in
           the
           open
           Stews
           ,
           all
           men
           having
           before
           taken
           an
           Oath
           not
           to
           defile
           any
           of
           them
           ▪
           And
           that
           the
           Virgins
           might
           not
           be
           deceived
           ,
           performing
           the
           Vows
           of
           the
           City
           ,
           he
           ordained
           that
           not
           a
           Maid
           should
           be
           marryed
           until
           husbands
           were
           first
           provided
           for
           them
           :
           This
           counsel
           being
           approved
           ,
           in
           which
           provision
           was
           made
           both
           for
           the
           superstition
           and
           the
           chastity
           of
           the
           Virgins
           ,
           the
           women
           adorned
           in
           the
           most
           sumptuous
           manner
           did
           come
           in
           
           throngs
           to
           the
           Temple
           of
           Venus
           ,
           every
           one
           of
           whom
           Dionysius
           despoyled
           ,
           having
           sent
           in
           Souldiers
           to
           the
           Temple
           ,
           and
           converted
           the
           Ornaments
           of
           the
           Matrons
           into
           his
           own
           Wardrope
           .
           He
           killed
           also
           some
           of
           the
           Husbands
           of
           the
           richest
           of
           them
           :
           and
           some
           women
           he
           tormented
           to
           betray
           their
           Husbands
           wealth
           ;
           when
           by
           these
           arts
           he
           raigned
           six
           years
           ,
           being
           driven
           from
           the
           City
           by
           the
           Confederacy
           of
           the
           Citizens
           ,
           he
           returned
           into
           Sicily
           ,
           and
           after
           a
           long
           peace
           ,
           all
           men
           being
           secure
           ,
           he
           became
           Master
           of
           Syracusae
           by
           treachery
           .
        
         
           Whiles
           these
           things
           were
           thus
           mannaged
           in
           
             Sicily
             ,
             Hanno
          
           the
           General
           of
           the
           Carthaginians
           in
           Africa
           employed
           his
           own
           treasure
           ,
           in
           which
           he
           exceeded
           the
           bank
           of
           the
           Common-wealth
           ,
           to
           become
           absolute
           Soveraign
           of
           all
           ,
           and
           attempted
           having
           first
           killed
           the
           Senate
           ,
           to
           usurpe
           the
           Kingdom
           .
           For
           the
           acting
           of
           this
           wickedness
           ,
           he
           set
           apart
           a
           solemn
           day
           for
           the
           marriage
           of
           his
           Daughter
           ,
           that
           by
           the
           religion
           of
           his
           Vows
           ,
           he
           might
           both
           the
           better
           commit
           and
           conceal
           his
           abominable
           design
           .
           He
           prepared
           a
           Feast
           for
           the
           people
           in
           the
           publick
           places
           ,
           and
           for
           the
           Senate
           in
           his
           own
           house
           ,
           that
           with
           Cups
           infected
           with
           poyson
           ,
           he
           might
           more
           secretly
           and
           without
           any
           witnesses
           destroy
           them
           ,
           and
           the
           more
           easily
           invade
           the
           Commonwealth
           deprived
           of
           her
           Magistrates
           .
           This
           being
           betrayed
           to
           the
           Senators
           by
           his
           servants
           ,
           
           the
           wicked
           plot
           was
           declined
           but
           not
           revenged
           ,
           least
           in
           a
           man
           so
           powerful
           the
           plot
           should
           prove
           more
           prejudicial
           being
           known
           then
           concealed
           .
           Being
           therefore
           contended
           by
           a
           decree
           to
           put
           a
           measure
           to
           the
           charges
           of
           marriages
           ,
           they
           commanded
           it
           not
           to
           be
           observed
           by
           one
           or
           some
           few
           ,
           bur
           by
           all
           in
           general
           ,
           that
           the
           person
           might
           not
           seem
           to
           be
           pointed
           at
           ,
           but
           the
           vice
           corrected
           .
           Being
           prevented
           by
           this
           Counsel
           ,
           he
           again
           incited
           the
           slaves
           to
           a
           Rebellion
           ;
           and
           having
           appointed
           another
           day
           for
           the
           slaughter
           of
           the
           Senators
           ,
           when
           he
           found
           that
           he
           was
           the
           second
           time
           prevented
           ,
           fearing
           to
           be
           call'd
           into
           judgement
           ,
           he
           possessed
           himself
           of
           a
           fortified
           Castle
           having
           armed
           twenty
           thousand
           slaves
           .
        
         
           There
           whiles
           he
           incited
           the
           Africans
           and
           the
           King
           of
           Mauritania
           to
           make
           war
           on
           the
           Carthaginians
           ,
           he
           was
           taken
           ,
           and
           being
           scourged
           with
           rods
           ,
           his
           eyes
           pulled
           out
           ,
           and
           his
           hands
           and
           legs
           broken
           ,
           that
           a
           due
           punishment
           might
           be
           exacted
           of
           every
           one
           of
           his
           members
           ,
           he
           was
           put
           to
           death
           in
           the
           sight
           of
           the
           people
           ,
           and
           his
           body
           torn
           with
           rods
           ,
           was
           fastned
           on
           a
           Cross
           .
           His
           Sons
           also
           ,
           and
           all
           his
           kindred
           though
           innocent
           were
           delivered
           to
           the
           Executioner
           ,
           that
           not
           ●one
           of
           so
           nefarious
           a
           Family
           should
           remain
           either
           to
           imitate
           his
           wickedness
           ,
           or
           to
           revenge
           his
           death
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           ,
           Dionysius
           being
           received
           
           by
           the
           Syracusians
           ,
           when
           he
           grew
           every
           day
           more
           grievous
           and
           cruel
           to
           the
           City
           ,
           was
           besieged
           by
           a
           new
           conspiracy
           ,
           and
           having
           at
           last
           layd
           down
           both
           his
           Tyranny
           and
           his
           Army
           ,
           he
           delivered
           the
           Tower
           to
           the
           Syracusians
           ,
           and
           taking
           with
           him
           some
           necessaries
           for
           a
           private
           fortune
           ,
           he
           betook
           himself
           to
           a
           banished
           life
           in
           Carinth
           ,
           and
           there
           conceiving
           things
           most
           humble
           to
           be
           most
           safe
           ,
           he
           descended
           into
           a
           most
           sordid
           condition
           of
           life
           ,
           for
           being
           not
           contented
           to
           foot
           it
           up
           and
           down
           in
           publick
           ,
           but
           to
           drink
           also
           ,
           and
           not
           onely
           to
           be
           seen
           in
           Taverns
           and
           Houses
           of
           wantonness
           ,
           but
           to
           continue
           in
           them
           many
           dayes
           together
           ,
           he
           would
           quarrel
           with
           the
           vilest
           scum
           upon
           the
           basest
           subject
           ,
           and
           be
           seen
           all
           in
           rags
           and
           squallid
           ,
           and
           rather
           give
           an
           occasion
           of
           laughter
           to
           others
           then
           receive
           it
           from
           them
           ;
           he
           would
           stand
           in
           the
           Shambles
           and
           devour
           with
           his
           eyes
           what
           he
           was
           not
           able
           to
           buy
           ;
           he
           would
           complain
           of
           the
           Bawds
           and
           Whores
           before
           the
           Aedils
           ,
           and
           do
           all
           things
           in
           such
           an
           importunate
           rudeness
           ,
           that
           he
           seemed
           rather
           to
           be
           despised
           then
           to
           be
           feared
           .
           At
           last
           ,
           he
           professed
           himself
           to
           be
           a
           School-master
           ,
           and
           taught
           children
           in
           open
           places
           ,
           that
           he
           might
           either
           be
           seen
           alwayes
           in
           publick
           by
           those
           that
           feared
           him
           ,
           or
           more
           readily
           be
           despised
           by
           those
           that
           feared
           him
           not
           .
           And
           although
           he
           abounded
           with
           the
           vices
           of
           a
           Tyrant
           ,
           yet
           this
           dissembling
           of
           
           his
           vices
           was
           not
           by
           nature
           ,
           but
           by
           art
           he
           counterfeited
           to
           have
           lost
           all
           royal
           shame
           ,
           being
           not
           ignorant
           how
           hateful
           was
           the
           very
           name
           of
           Tyrants
           without
           their
           revenews
           .
           He
           endeavoured
           also
           to
           take
           away
           the
           envie
           of
           things
           past
           by
           the
           contempt
           of
           things
           present
           ,
           and
           made
           use
           not
           of
           honest
           ,
           but
           of
           safe
           counsel
           .
           Nevertheless
           ,
           amongst
           those
           arts
           of
           his
           dissimulation
           ,
           he
           was
           thrice
           accused
           to
           affect
           the
           Tyranny
           again
           ,
           and
           his
           best
           protection
           was
           the
           despicableness
           of
           his
           person
           and
           his
           fortunes
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           the
           Carthaginians
           being
           amazed
           at
           the
           great
           success
           of
           Alexander
           the
           Great
           ,
           fearing
           that
           he
           would
           add
           Africa
           to
           the
           Empire
           of
           Asia
           ,
           sent
           Amilcar
           ,
           sirnamed
           Rhodanus
           (
           a
           man
           famous
           above
           the
           rest
           for
           eloquence
           and
           policy
           )
           to
           discover
           his
           intents
           :
           Their
           fear
           was
           encreased
           by
           the
           taking
           of
           the
           City
           of
           Tyre
           ,
           the
           mother
           to
           their
           City
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           building
           of
           Alexandria
           ,
           a
           City
           emulous
           of
           Carthage
           on
           the
           bounds
           of
           Africk
           and
           Aegypt
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           perpetual
           felicity
           of
           the
           King
           ,
           whose
           desires
           and
           whose
           fortune
           could
           not
           any
           wayes
           be
           bounded
           :
           Amilcar
           having
           obtained
           access
           to
           the
           King
           by
           the
           means
           of
           Parmenio
           ,
           he
           dissembled
           to
           the
           King
           that
           he
           fled
           unto
           him
           ,
           being
           banished
           from
           his
           own
           Country
           ,
           and
           offered
           himself
           to
           serve
           him
           in
           his
           expedition
           against
           
           it
           .
           And
           having
           dived
           into
           his
           Counsels
           ,
           he
           wrote
           all
           things
           to
           the
           Carthaginians
           in
           woodden
           Tables
           ,
           the
           Letters
           being
           covered
           with
           wax
           .
           Howsoever
           ,
           after
           the
           death
           of
           Alexander
           ,
           the
           Carthaginians
           did
           put
           him
           to
           death
           ,
           being
           returned
           into
           his
           own
           Country
           ,
           not
           onely
           by
           an
           ungrateful
           but
           with
           a
           cruel
           sentence
           ▪
           alledging
           that
           he
           would
           have
           betrayed
           their
           City
           unto
           Alexander
           the
           Great
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           Two
           and
           twentieth
           BOOK
           OF
           IVSTINE
           .
        
         
           AGathocles
           the
           Tyrant
           of
           Sicily
           ,
           who
           arose
           to
           the
           height
           and
           greatness
           of
           the
           former
           Dionysius
           ,
           from
           a
           base
           and
           sordid
           pedigree
           did
           advance
           himself
           unto
           royal
           Majesty
           .
           He
           was
           born
           in
           Sicily
           ,
           his
           Father
           was
           a
           Potter
           ;
           nor
           had
           he
           a
           more
           honest
           childhood
           then
           he
           had
           Original
           ;
           for
           being
           admirable
           in
           beauty
           ,
           and
           the
           lineaments
           of
           his
           body
           ,
           he
           a
           long
           time
           lived
           by
           the
           passive
           prostitution
           of
           his
           body
           :
           And
           being
           come
           to
           sixteen
           yeers
           of
           age
           ,
           he
           transferred
           his
           lust
           from
           men
           to
           women
           .
           Afterwards
           being
           
           infamous
           with
           both
           Sexes
           ,
           he
           changed
           his
           course
           of
           life
           ,
           and
           committed
           Robberies
           .
           In
           process
           of
           time
           he
           travelled
           to
           Syracusae
           ,
           and
           was
           sent
           for
           into
           the
           City
           by
           the
           Inhabitants
           ,
           where
           he
           lived
           a
           long
           time
           without
           reputation
           ;
           for
           he
           had
           nothing
           more
           in
           fortune
           to
           lose
           ,
           nor
           in
           chastity
           to
           defile
           .
           Being
           at
           last
           an
           ordinary
           Souldier
           ,
           he
           was
           as
           prone
           to
           any
           villany
           by
           a
           seditious
           ,
           as
           he
           was
           before
           by
           a
           dissolute
           life
           .
           He
           was
           resolute
           and
           active
           ,
           and
           very
           eloquent
           in
           discourse
           .
           In
           a
           short
           time
           he
           was
           made
           a
           Centurion
           &
           not
           long
           afterwards
           Tribune
           of
           the
           Souldiers
           .
           In
           the
           first
           war
           against
           the
           Aetnaeans
           ,
           he
           shewed
           the
           Syracusians
           excellent
           demonstrations
           of
           his
           Chivalty
           .
           In
           the
           following
           war
           against
           the
           Campanions
           ,
           the
           opinion
           which
           all
           had
           of
           him
           was
           so
           great
           ,
           that
           he
           was
           chosen
           General
           in
           the
           place
           of
           Damascen
           deceased
           ,
           whose
           wife
           (
           having
           known
           her
           first
           by
           adultery
           )
           he
           did
           take
           unto
           him
           in
           marriage
           after
           the
           death
           of
           her
           husband
           .
           And
           being
           not
           contented
           that
           of
           a
           poor
           man
           he
           suddenly
           grew
           rich
           ,
           he
           at
           last
           turned
           Pyrat
           against
           his
           own
           Country
           :
           It
           was
           his
           safety
           ,
           that
           his
           Companions
           being
           taken
           ,
           and
           tormented
           ,
           denyed
           that
           he
           had
           any
           any
           interest
           amongst
           them
           .
           Twice
           he
           endeavoured
           to
           possess
           himself
           of
           Syracusae
           ,
           and
           twice
           he
           was
           driven
           into
           banishment
           for
           it
           .
           In
           the
           hatred
           to
           the
           Syracusians
           he
           was
           made
           
           first
           Praetor
           ,
           and
           afterwards
           General
           by
           the
           Murgantins
           ,
           amongst
           whom
           he
           did
           lead
           a
           banished
           life
           :
           In
           that
           war
           he
           took
           the
           City
           of
           the
           Leontins
           ,
           and
           began
           to
           besiege
           the
           City
           of
           Syracusae
           ,
           to
           the
           defence
           whereof
           when
           Amilcar
           General
           of
           the
           Carthaginians
           was
           desired
           to
           march
           ,
           having
           laid
           aside
           all
           hostile
           hatred
           ,
           he
           sent
           considerable
           Forces
           to
           relieve
           it
           .
           In
           one
           and
           the
           same
           time
           ,
           the
           City
           of
           Syracusae
           was
           defended
           by
           her
           Enemies
           in
           a
           civil
           love
           ,
           and
           was
           besieged
           by
           her
           Citizens
           in
           a
           civil
           hatred
           ;
           But
           Agathocles
           when
           he
           perceived
           that
           the
           City
           was
           more
           gallantly
           defended
           then
           beleagured
           ,
           did
           by
           his
           Messengers
           Petition
           to
           Amilcar
           ,
           that
           he
           would
           undertake
           the
           arbitration
           for
           a
           peace
           betwixt
           him
           and
           the
           Syracusians
           ,
           promising
           on
           his
           part
           the
           assured
           peculiar
           return
           of
           all
           good
           Offices
           that
           he
           could
           expect
           .
           Amilcar
           being
           possessed
           with
           this
           hope
           ,
           did
           enter
           into
           a
           league
           with
           him
           ,
           being
           induced
           to
           it
           by
           the
           fear
           of
           his
           power
           ,
           considering
           that
           what
           strength
           by
           this
           confederacy
           he
           gave
           to
           Agathocles
           against
           the
           Syracusians
           ,
           he
           added
           as
           much
           to
           himself
           for
           the
           enlargement
           of
           his
           private
           fortunes
           .
           Therefore
           Peace
           was
           not
           onely
           made
           with
           Agathocles
           ,
           but
           he
           was
           also
           made
           Praetor
           of
           Syracusae
           :
           After
           this
           tapers
           of
           wax
           ,
           being
           brought
           forth
           and
           lighted
           ,
           he
           did
           swear
           to
           Amilcar
           to
           be
           careful
           
           upon
           all
           occasions
           to
           advance
           the
           Interests
           of
           Carthage
           .
           Having
           then
           received
           of
           him
           a
           Garrison
           of
           five
           thousand
           Africans
           ,
           he
           killed
           all
           those
           of
           greatest
           power
           in
           the
           City
           ;
           and
           intending
           as
           it
           were
           to
           form
           a
           new
           Government
           in
           the
           Common-wealth
           ,
           he
           commanded
           the
           people
           to
           be
           called
           forth
           into
           the
           Theater
           ,
           the
           Senate
           being
           disposed
           of
           into
           another
           place
           ,
           as
           if
           he
           would
           consult
           with
           them
           concerning
           something
           before
           hand
           ;
           and
           thus
           having
           ordered
           his
           affairs
           ,
           and
           brought
           in
           the
           Souldiers
           ,
           he
           besieged
           the
           people
           ,
           and
           put
           the
           Senators
           to
           the
           sword
           ;
           and
           having
           finished
           the
           slaughter
           of
           them
           ,
           he
           killed
           those
           that
           were
           most
           rich
           ,
           and
           most
           forward
           of
           the
           people
           .
           This
           being
           done
           ,
           he
           leavied
           more
           men
           ,
           and
           formed
           an
           Army
           ,
           with
           which
           he
           assaulted
           the
           neighbouring
           Cities
           ,
           fearing
           no
           Enemy
           at
           all
           .
           He
           also
           perfidiously
           provoked
           with
           injuries
           the
           Associates
           of
           the
           
             Carthaginians
             ,
             Amilcar
          
           permitting
           it
           .
           Of
           which
           the
           Confederate
           Cities
           did
           complain
           at
           Carthage
           ,
           not
           onely
           of
           Agathocles
           but
           of
           Hamilcar
           :
           of
           the
           one
           as
           a
           domineering
           Tyrant
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           other
           as
           a
           Traytor
           ,
           by
           whom
           the
           fortunes
           of
           the
           Confederates
           were
           given
           to
           a
           most
           deadly
           Enemy
           ,
           by
           the
           making
           of
           a
           peace
           with
           him
           ,
           and
           by
           delivering
           Syracusae
           to
           him
           as
           the
           pledge
           of
           their
           Society
           ,
           (
           a
           City
           alwayes
           at
           enmity
           with
           the
           Carthaginians
           ,
           and
           the
           Rival
           of
           Carthage
           for
           the
           command
           
           of
           Sicily
           )
           and
           now
           at
           last
           by
           delivering
           up
           the
           Cities
           of
           their
           Confederates
           to
           the
           same
           Agothocles
           under
           the
           title
           of
           a
           friendship
           ,
           they
           did
           declare
           that
           those
           things
           would
           suddenly
           redound
           to
           the
           Carthaginians
           themselves
           ,
           and
           they
           should
           suddenly
           perceive
           how
           much
           evil
           they
           brought
           not
           onely
           to
           Sicily
           but
           to
           Africa
           also
           .
           With
           those
           complaints
           the
           Senate
           was
           incensed
           against
           Amilcar
           :
           But
           because
           he
           had
           the
           Command
           of
           the
           Army
           ,
           they
           passed
           silent
           suffrages
           on
           him
           ,
           and
           commanded
           that
           before
           they
           were
           reported
           ,
           they
           should
           be
           cast
           into
           an
           urne
           and
           sealed
           up
           ,
           until
           another
           Amilcar
           ,
           the
           Son
           of
           Gisco
           ,
           should
           return
           from
           Sicily
           :
           But
           the
           death
           of
           Amilcar
           prevented
           these
           close
           contrivances
           ,
           and
           the
           dumb
           suffrages
           of
           the
           Carthaginians
           ,
           who
           being
           injuriously
           condemned
           by
           his
           own
           Citizens
           ,
           his
           cause
           unheard
           ,
           was
           delivered
           from
           them
           by
           the
           friendship
           of
           death
           .
           This
           administred
           a
           subject
           to
           Agathocles
           to
           make
           war
           against
           the
           Carthaginians
           .
        
         
           The
           first
           encounter
           of
           the
           war
           was
           with
           Amilcar
           the
           Son
           of
           Gisco
           ,
           by
           whom
           being
           overcome
           ,
           he
           retreated
           to
           Syracusae
           to
           renew
           the
           war
           with
           greater
           Force
           ;
           But
           the
           fortune
           of
           the
           second
           battel
           was
           the
           same
           as
           of
           the
           former
           ;
           wherefore
           ,
           when
           the
           conquering
           Carthaginians
           had
           laid
           a
           close
           siege
           to
           
             Syracusae
             ,
             Agathocles
          
           finding
           himself
           neither
           equal
           to
           them
           in
           strength
           ,
           
           nor
           any
           wayes
           prepared
           to
           endure
           the
           fury
           of
           the
           siege
           ,
           and
           withal
           (
           by
           reason
           of
           his
           cruelty
           and
           other
           offences
           )
           that
           he
           was
           forsaken
           of
           his
           Confederates
           ,
           he
           resolved
           to
           carry
           the
           war
           into
           Africa
           .
           A
           wonderful
           boldness
           it
           was
           ,
           that
           he
           who
           was
           inferior
           to
           his
           Enemy
           in
           his
           own
           Land
           and
           Cities
           ,
           should
           translate
           the
           war
           into
           their
           Countrey
           ,
           and
           advance
           to
           encounter
           with
           them
           abroad
           ,
           being
           not
           able
           at
           home
           to
           desend
           himself
           ,
           and
           that
           being
           overcome
           he
           should
           insult
           over
           the
           Conquerors
           .
           The
           silence
           of
           this
           counsel
           was
           no
           less
           admirable
           then
           was
           the
           design
           he
           undertook
           ▪
           professing
           onely
           to
           the
           people
           that
           he
           had
           found
           them
           out
           a
           way
           to
           victory
           :
           He
           desired
           them
           that
           they
           would
           arm
           themselves
           with
           a
           resolution
           patiently
           for
           a
           while
           to
           indure
           the
           difficulties
           of
           the
           siege
           ;
           or
           if
           the
           condition
           of
           their
           present
           fortune
           was
           grievous
           to
           any
           of
           them
           ,
           he
           gave
           them
           free
           leave
           to
           depart
           where
           they
           pleased
           ;
           when
           one
           thousand
           and
           six
           hundred
           of
           them
           did
           go
           away
           ,
           he
           provided
           the
           rest
           with
           corn
           and
           money
           for
           the
           necessity
           of
           the
           siege
           ;
           he
           onely
           took
           with
           him
           fifty
           Talents
           for
           his
           present
           use
           ,
           being
           to
           provide
           himself
           with
           other
           things
           rather
           from
           his
           Enemy
           then
           his
           Companions
           ;
           Having
           then
           granted
           freedom
           to
           all
           the
           servants
           that
           were
           of
           age
           to
           bear
           arms
           ,
           he
           did
           oblige
           them
           by
           Oath
           to
           be
           faithful
           to
           him
           ,
           and
           afterwards
           shipped
           them
           and
           the
           greatest
           part
           of
           his
           Army
           ;
           and
           
           having
           made
           equal
           the
           condition
           both
           of
           bond
           and
           free
           ,
           he
           conceived
           that
           there
           would
           be
           betwixt
           them
           a
           mutual
           emulation
           of
           vertue
           .
           All
           the
           rest
           were
           left
           for
           the
           defence
           of
           his
           Country
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           seventh
           year
           of
           his
           raign
           (
           none
           of
           his
           Souldiers
           knowing
           whether
           they
           were
           to
           be
           transported
           )
           he
           directed
           his
           course
           to
           Africa
           ,
           taking
           with
           him
           his
           two
           Sons
           ,
           who
           were
           then
           of
           age
           ,
           Archagathus
           and
           Heraclidas
           ;
           when
           they
           all
           believed
           that
           they
           were
           imbraked
           either
           to
           plunder
           Italy
           or
           Sardinia
           ,
           having
           landed
           them
           on
           the
           shore
           of
           Africa
           ,
           he
           declared
           his
           design
           unto
           them
           ,
           and
           enformed
           them
           in
           what
           condition
           Syracusae
           was
           ,
           to
           whom
           there
           was
           no
           other
           help
           remaining
           then
           to
           do
           unto
           their
           Enemies
           what
           they
           suffered
           themselves
           .
           The
           war
           ,
           he
           said
           ,
           was
           managed
           otherwise
           at
           home
           then
           it
           was
           abroad
           ;
           Those
           were
           onely
           the
           ayds
           at
           home
           ,
           which
           the
           strength
           and
           Forces
           of
           the
           Country
           did
           administer
           :
           but
           abroad
           the
           Enemy
           was
           often
           overcome
           with
           his
           own
           strength
           ,
           their
           associates
           revolting
           from
           them
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           hatred
           of
           continued
           Soveraignty
           looking
           after
           innovation
           and
           forraign
           ayds
           .
           To
           this
           he
           added
           that
           the
           Cities
           and
           Castles
           of
           Africa
           were
           not
           encompassed
           with
           Walls
           not
           builded
           on
           the
           tops
           of
           Hills
           ,
           but
           lay
           open
           in
           the
           Champain
           without
           any
           defence
           ,
           and
           these
           might
           easily
           be
           brought
           to
           joyn
           in
           society
           with
           him
           to
           prevent
           their
           utter
           ruine
           .
           The
           war
           ,
           he
           
           said
           ,
           would
           be
           more
           grievous
           to
           the
           Carthaginians
           in
           Africa
           it self
           then
           in
           Sicily
           ,
           where
           they
           would
           all
           joyn
           their
           Forces
           together
           against
           one
           City
           more
           famous
           by
           her
           name
           then
           her
           by
           strength
           ;
           and
           what
           strength
           he
           brought
           not
           with
           him
           ,
           he
           would
           take
           it
           there
           .
           Neither
           would
           the
           sudden
           fear
           of
           the
           Carthaginians
           be
           of
           a
           small
           moment
           to
           the
           victory
           ,
           who
           undoubtedly
           would
           tremble
           ,
           amazed
           at
           the
           gallant
           confidence
           of
           their
           Enemies
           ;
           And
           this
           terror
           of
           theirs
           would
           be
           encreased
           by
           the
           firing
           of
           their
           Towns
           ,
           and
           the
           plundering
           of
           their
           Castles
           and
           contumacious
           Cities
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           spoyls
           of
           Carthage
           it self
           :
           By
           all
           which
           they
           should
           perceive
           ,
           that
           war
           not
           onely
           lay
           open
           to
           them
           against
           others
           ,
           but
           to
           others
           also
           against
           them
           ;
           and
           by
           this
           means
           that
           the
           Carthaginians
           might
           not
           only
           be
           overcome
           ,
           but
           Sicily
           be
           delivered
           from
           the
           burthen
           of
           their
           Forces
           ;
           for
           the
           Enemies
           would
           never
           continue
           in
           the
           besieging
           of
           Syracusae
           ,
           when
           they
           were
           put
           so
           hard
           to
           it
           at
           home
           .
           The
           war
           he
           alledged
           ,
           could
           never
           be
           carryed
           on
           more
           easily
           ,
           nor
           the
           booty
           be
           more
           abundant
           ;
           for
           Carthage
           being
           taken
           ,
           all
           Africa
           and
           Sicily
           would
           be
           the
           reward
           of
           the
           Conquerors
           ;
           Moreover
           ,
           the
           glory
           of
           this
           honourable
           warfare
           was
           so
           great
           ,
           that
           it
           would
           continue
           through
           all
           Ages
           ,
           and
           be
           determined
           by
           no
           measure
           of
           time
           ,
           it
           being
           recorded
           that
           they
           
           were
           the
           onely
           men
           in
           the
           world
           ,
           who
           translated
           to
           their
           Enemies
           the
           wars
           which
           they
           could
           not
           themselves
           sustain
           at
           home
           ,
           and
           of
           their
           own
           accord
           followed
           the
           Conquerors
           ,
           and
           besieged
           the
           besiegers
           of
           their
           own
           City
           :
           He
           concluded
           that
           the
           war
           therefore
           was
           to
           be
           carryed
           on
           by
           them
           all
           with
           a
           gallant
           &
           joyful
           resolution
           ,
           there
           being
           no
           reward
           more
           abundant
           for
           the
           Conquerors
           ,
           nor
           any
           monument
           more
           honourable
           for
           the
           conquered
           .
           By
           these
           exhortations
           the
           courages
           of
           the
           Souldiers
           were
           erected
           ;
           but
           they
           were
           amazed
           again
           at
           the
           portent
           they
           beheld
           ,
           which
           was
           that
           being
           under
           Sayl
           the
           Sun
           was
           ecclipsed
           ;
           of
           which
           the
           King
           gave
           an
           account
           with
           no
           less
           care
           then
           was
           his
           preparation
           for
           the
           war
           ,
           he
           affirmed
           that
           if
           it
           had
           hapned
           before
           they
           had
           set
           forth
           ,
           it
           might
           be
           believed
           that
           it
           persaged
           loss
           unto
           them
           ,
           but
           it
           coming
           to
           pass
           after
           they
           had
           lanched
           forth
           ,
           it
           did
           portend
           ill
           to
           those
           against
           whom
           they
           did
           advance
           .
           Moreover
           ,
           that
           the
           natural
           defect
           of
           the
           Stars
           did
           alwayes
           persage
           some
           present
           change
           of
           State
           ,
           and
           it
           was
           most
           certain
           that
           the
           condition
           of
           Carthage
           being
           then
           in
           their
           height
           of
           flourish
           ,
           there
           was
           a
           change
           persaged
           by
           it
           ,
           and
           calamity
           to
           come
           .
        
         
           The
           Souldiers
           being
           thus
           comforted
           ,
           he
           commanded
           all
           the
           ships
           to
           be
           burned
           ,
           that
           they
           might
           all
           understand
           that
           the
           means
           of
           
           their
           flight
           being
           taken
           away
           ,
           they
           must
           either
           overcome
           or
           fall
           by
           the
           sword
           .
           Afterwards
           having
           born
           down
           all
           before
           them
           wheresoever
           they
           did
           march
           ,
           and
           set
           on
           fire
           the
           Towns
           and
           Castles
           ,
           Hanno
           General
           of
           the
           Carthaginians
           did
           advance
           to
           give
           them
           battel
           with
           an
           Army
           of
           thirty
           thousand
           men
           :
           The
           battel
           being
           fought
           ,
           two
           thousand
           of
           the
           Sicilians
           ,
           and
           three
           thousand
           of
           the
           Carthaginians
           were
           slain
           with
           the
           General
           himself
           ;
           with
           this
           Victory
           the
           courages
           of
           the
           Sicilians
           were
           erected
           ,
           and
           the
           spirits
           of
           the
           Carthaginians
           fainted
           .
        
         
           Agathocles
           ,
           his
           Enemies
           being
           overcome
           ,
           did
           sack
           and
           raze
           their
           Towns
           and
           Castles
           ,
           driving
           away
           great
           booties
           ,
           and
           killing
           many
           thousands
           of
           his
           Enemies
           .
           He
           afterwards
           pitched
           his
           Tents
           within
           five
           miles
           of
           Carthage
           ,
           that
           they
           themselves
           from
           the
           Walls
           of
           their
           Cities
           might
           behold
           the
           loss
           of
           those
           things
           which
           were
           most
           pretious
           to
           them
           ,
           together
           with
           the
           wasting
           of
           their
           Fields
           ,
           and
           the
           burning
           of
           their
           Towns.
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           the
           great
           Fame
           over
           all
           Africa
           of
           the
           Army
           of
           the
           Carthaginians
           being
           overthrown
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           taking
           of
           their
           Cities
           being
           divulged
           ,
           a
           sudden
           wonder
           and
           amazement
           did
           invade
           them
           from
           whence
           should
           arise
           so
           great
           an
           overthrow
           in
           so
           potent
           an
           Estate
           ,
           especially
           ftom
           an
           Enemy
           overcome
           :
           And
           
           not
           long
           after
           ,
           not
           onely
           all
           Africa
           ,
           but
           the
           most
           noble
           of
           the
           Cities
           having
           followed
           the
           novelty
           ,
           did
           revolt
           to
           Agathocles
           ,
           and
           assisted
           the
           Conqueror
           both
           with
           corn
           and
           money
           .
        
         
           To
           this
           calamity
           of
           the
           Carthaginians
           the
           news
           of
           their
           Army
           in
           Sicily
           overthrown
           with
           their
           General
           ,
           did
           arrive
           to
           make
           up
           the
           height
           of
           their
           affliction
           :
           For
           after
           the
           deparure
           of
           Agathocles
           out
           of
           Sicily
           ,
           the
           Carthaginians
           ,
           being
           become
           the
           more
           secure
           in
           their
           Leagure
           before
           Syracusae
           were
           utterly
           routed
           ,
           and
           cut
           in
           pieces
           by
           Antander
           the
           brother
           of
           Agathocles
           :
           Therefore
           when
           the
           fortune
           of
           the
           Carthaginians
           was
           the
           same
           both
           at
           home
           and
           abroad
           ,
           not
           onely
           their
           tributary
           Cities
           ,
           but
           the
           Kings
           who
           were
           their
           Confederates
           revolted
           from
           them
           ,
           weighing
           the
           interests
           of
           friendship
           not
           by
           fidelity
           but
           success
           :
           Amongst
           others
           ,
           Offellas
           King
           of
           the
           Cyrene
           ,
           who
           entertained
           a
           vain
           hope
           to
           be
           master
           of
           all
           Africa
           did
           by
           his
           Ambassadors
           enter
           into
           a
           League
           with
           Agathocles
           ,
           and
           accorded
           with
           him
           ,
           that
           the
           Carthaginians
           being
           overcome
           ,
           the
           one
           should
           obtain
           the
           command
           of
           Sicily
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           of
           Africa
           :
           Therefore
           Offellas
           came
           with
           a
           formidable
           Army
           into
           the
           society
           of
           the
           war
           ;
           having
           often
           dined
           together
           ,
           Agathocles
           who
           alwayes
           entertained
           him
           with
           humble
           
           submissions
           and
           flattering
           complements
           ,
           because
           Offella
           had
           adopted
           his
           eldest
           Son
           to
           succeed
           him
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           did
           at
           the
           last
           kill
           him
           ,
           and
           having
           possessed
           himself
           of
           his
           Army
           ,
           the
           Carthaginians
           renewing
           the
           war
           with
           all
           their
           might
           ,
           were
           overcome
           again
           in
           a
           great
           battel
           ,
           not
           without
           much
           effusion
           of
           blood
           on
           both
           sides
           .
           By
           this
           overthrow
           the
           Carthaginians
           were
           brought
           to
           so
           great
           a
           desperation
           ,
           that
           (
           if
           there
           had
           not
           been
           an
           insurrection
           in
           the
           Army
           of
           
             Agathocles
             )
             Bomilcar
          
           who
           was
           General
           of
           the
           Carthaginians
           ,
           had
           revolted
           to
           him
           with
           the
           remainder
           of
           his
           Army
           :
           For
           which
           offence
           he
           was
           fastned
           to
           a
           Cross
           in
           the
           middle
           of
           the
           Market-place
           ,
           to
           make
           the
           same
           place
           the
           monument
           of
           his
           punishment
           which
           before
           was
           famous
           for
           the
           Installation
           of
           his
           honours
           .
           But
           Bomilcar
           with
           so
           great
           resolution
           endured
           this
           cruelty
           of
           the
           Citizens
           ,
           that
           he
           declaimed
           against
           the
           wickedness
           of
           the
           Carthaginians
           from
           the
           height
           of
           the
           Cross
           ,
           as
           from
           the
           height
           of
           a
           judgement-seat
           :
           Sometimes
           he
           objected
           how
           Hanno
           was
           circumvented
           by
           them
           with
           false
           accusation
           that
           he
           aspired
           to
           the
           Kingdom
           ;
           sometimes
           he
           did
           call
           into
           their
           memory
           the
           banishment
           of
           innocent
           Gisco
           ;
           sometimes
           the
           silent
           suffrages
           against
           his
           Uncle
           Amilcar
           ;
           sometimes
           he
           alledged
           the
           nature
           of
           his
           own
           offence
           ,
           which
           was
           that
           he
           had
           rather
           make
           
           Agathocles
           a
           friend
           unto
           them
           then
           an
           Enemy
           :
           After
           he
           had
           roared
           out
           this
           in
           a
           great
           Assembly
           of
           the
           people
           ,
           he
           expired
           .
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           ,
           Agathocles
           having
           overcome
           all
           in
           Africa
           ,
           did
           deliver
           his
           Army
           to
           his
           eldest
           Son
           Archagathus
           ,
           and
           returned
           into
           Sicily
           ,
           conceiving
           that
           nothing
           had
           been
           performed
           in
           Africa
           ,
           if
           Syracusae
           in
           Sicily
           was
           any
           longer
           besieged
           :
           For
           after
           the
           slaughter
           of
           Amilcar
           the
           Son
           of
           Gisco
           ,
           the
           Carthaginians
           had
           sent
           a
           new
           Army
           thither
           :
           Therefore
           on
           his
           first
           approach
           ,
           all
           the
           Cities
           of
           Sicily
           ,
           having
           heard
           of
           his
           atchievements
           in
           Africa
           ,
           did
           strive
           (
           as
           if
           in
           emulation
           )
           which
           first
           should
           surrender
           it self
           unto
           him
           ;
           and
           by
           this
           means
           the
           Carthaginians
           being
           driven
           out
           of
           Sicily
           ,
           he
           became
           the
           a●●olute
           Master
           of
           the
           whole
           Iland
           ;
           And
           returning
           afterwards
           to
           Africa
           ,
           he
           was
           received
           by
           an
           insurrection
           of
           his
           Souldiers
           ;
           for
           his
           Son
           had
           deferred
           the
           payment
           of
           the
           Army
           until
           his
           Father
           returned
           .
           Having
           therefore
           called
           them
           to
           an
           Assembly
           ,
           he
           stroaked
           them
           with
           fair
           words
           ,
           and
           told
           them
           that
           their
           Pay
           was
           not
           to
           be
           demanded
           of
           him
           ,
           but
           to
           be
           sought
           for
           from
           their
           Enemy
           ,
           and
           that
           a
           common
           victory
           would
           produce
           a
           common
           booty
           :
           He
           desired
           them
           to
           be
           patient
           but
           a
           little
           until
           the
           relicts
           of
           the
           war
           were
           ended
           ,
           and
           when
           Carthage
           was
           taken
           ,
           he
           would
           satisfie
           all
           their
           hopes
           .
           The
           military
           
           tumult
           being
           thus
           pacified
           ,
           some
           few
           daies
           afterwards
           ,
           he
           did
           bring
           his
           Army
           to
           the
           Camp
           of
           his
           Enemies
           ,
           and
           inconsiderately
           engaging
           with
           them
           ,
           he
           lost
           the
           greatest
           part
           of
           his
           Army
           .
           Therefore
           when
           he
           was
           fled
           into
           his
           Tents
           ,
           and
           saw
           the
           envie
           and
           blame
           of
           the
           ill
           managed
           war
           turned
           upon
           himself
           ,
           and
           feared
           withal
           the
           former
           offence
           of
           having
           not
           payed
           his
           Army
           ,
           he
           fled
           away
           about
           midnight
           ,
           having
           not
           any
           with
           him
           but
           his
           Son
           Archagathus
           ,
           which
           when
           his
           Souldiers
           understood
           ,
           they
           were
           struck
           with
           so
           great
           a
           fear
           ,
           as
           if
           they
           had
           been
           all
           taken
           by
           their
           Enemies
           .
           They
           declared
           that
           they
           were
           twice
           abandoned
           by
           their
           King
           in
           the
           midst
           of
           all
           their
           Enemies
           ,
           and
           that
           their
           safety
           was
           forsaken
           by
           him
           who
           ought
           by
           the
           Law
           of
           Arms
           to
           take
           care
           of
           their
           burial
           .
           When
           they
           would
           have
           purchased
           their
           King
           who
           was
           received
           by
           the
           Numidians
           ,
           they
           were
           enforced
           to
           fly
           back
           unto
           their
           Tents
           ;
           but
           Archagathus
           was
           taken
           by
           them
           ,
           who
           had
           lost
           his
           Father
           in
           the
           error
           of
           the
           night
           .
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           ,
           Agathocles
           had
           embarked
           himself
           for
           Syracusae
           in
           the
           same
           ships
           which
           brought
           him
           from
           Sicily
           .
           He
           was
           a
           singular
           Example
           ;
           a
           King
           ,
           and
           yet
           the
           forsaker
           of
           his
           Army
           ;
           and
           a
           Father
           ,
           and
           yet
           the
           betrayer
           of
           his
           children
           :
           But
           his
           Souldiers
           having
           articled
           for
           an
           agreement
           in
           Africa
           ,
           after
           the
           flight
           of
           the
           King
           ,
           did
           
           deliver
           themselves
           to
           the
           Carthaginians
           ,
           having
           first
           killed
           the
           Sons
           of
           
             Agathocles
             .
             Archagathus
          
           being
           commanded
           to
           be
           slain
           by
           Archesilaus
           his
           Fathers
           old
           friend
           ,
           demanded
           of
           him
           ,
           what
           he
           thought
           that
           Agothocles
           would
           do
           by
           his
           children
           by
           whom
           he
           was
           made
           childless
           :
           To
           whom
           he
           answered
           ,
           That
           it
           was
           enough
           for
           him
           to
           understand
           that
           they
           out-lived
           the
           children
           of
           Agathocles
           .
           After
           this
           the
           Carthaginians
           sent
           Commanders
           into
           Sicily●
           ,
           to
           prosecute
           the
           relicts
           of
           the
           war
           ,
           with
           whom
           on
           equal
           conditions
           Agathocles
           did
           conclude
           a
           peace
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           Three
           and
           twentieth
           BOOK
           OF
           IVSTINE
           .
        
         
           AGathocles
           King
           of
           Sicily
           ,
           having
           made
           peace
           with
           the
           Carthaginians
           ,
           subdued
           part
           of
           the
           Cities
           dissenting
           from
           him
           through
           confidence
           of
           their
           own
           strength
           .
           Afterwards
           ,
           as
           if
           he
           had
           been
           confined
           too
           closely
           in
           the
           bounds
           of
           one
           Iland
           ,
           a
           part
           whereof
           in
           his
           first
           beginnings
           he
           could
           not
           presume
           so
           much
           as
           to
           hope
           for
           ,
           he
           transported
           his
           Army
           into
           Italy
           ,
           following
           the
           example
           of
           Dionysius
           who
           subdued
           many
           Cities
           in
           that
           Nation
           .
           His
           first
           Enemies
           were
           the
           Brutii
           ,
           who
           appeared
           to
           him
           to
           be
           the
           most
           valiant
           
           and
           the
           most
           rich
           ,
           and
           by
           their
           situation
           most
           prompt
           to
           be
           injured
           by
           their
           neighbours
           ;
           for
           they
           had
           driven
           from
           Italy
           the
           Inhabitants
           of
           many
           Cities
           ,
           who
           had
           been
           Grecians
           ,
           and
           in
           war
           had
           overcome
           the
           Lucanians
           from
           whom
           they
           had
           derived
           their
           Original
           ,
           and
           had
           afterwards
           made
           peace
           with
           them
           on
           equal
           terms
           :
           So
           great
           was
           the
           wildness
           of
           their
           nature
           ,
           that
           they
           would
           not
           spare
           their
           own
           Original
           .
           For
           the
           Lucanians
           were
           accustomed
           to
           institute
           their
           children
           in
           the
           same
           Laws
           as
           the
           Lacedaemonians
           did
           :
           For
           in
           their
           beginning
           to
           be
           striplings
           ,
           they
           were
           bred
           up
           in
           the
           Woods
           amongst
           the
           Shepherds
           without
           any
           to
           attend
           them
           ,
           and
           without
           any
           garment
           to
           put
           on
           ,
           or
           to
           lie
           down
           in
           ,
           that
           so
           in
           their
           first
           years
           they
           might
           inure
           themselves
           to
           hardness
           and
           frugality
           without
           any
           accommodation
           of
           the
           City
           :
           Their
           food
           was
           what
           they
           got
           by
           Hunting
           ;
           their
           drink
           ,
           honey
           and
           milk
           ,
           and
           the
           chry●●al
           of
           the
           Fountain
           ;
           And
           thus
           they
           by
           degrees
           were
           hardned
           to
           the
           labours
           of
           the
           war.
           Fifty
           of
           their
           number
           were
           first
           accustome●
           to
           plunder
           the
           Fields
           of
           their
           neighbours
           ,
           their
           multitude
           encreasing
           ,
           and
           sollicited
           by
           the
           prey
           ,
           they
           troubled
           all
           the
           Countries
           round
           about
           them
           .
        
         
           Therefore
           Dionysius
           the
           Tyrant
           of
           Sicily
           ,
           being
           wearyed
           with
           the
           complaints
           of
           his
           Confederates
           ,
           did
           send
           six
           hundred
           Africans
           to
           
           suppress
           them
           ,
           whose
           Castle
           (
           it
           being
           betrayed
           to
           them
           by
           a
           woman
           called
           Brutia
           they
           surprized
           and
           planted
           there
           a
           City
           ;
           the
           Shepheards
           flocking
           thither
           to
           behold
           and
           inhabit
           the
           new
           City
           ,
           called
           themselves
           Bruti●
           ,
           after
           the
           name
           of
           the
           woman
           .
           Their
           first
           war
           was
           with
           the
           Lucanians
           ,
           the
           au
           hors
           of
           their
           original
           ;
           and
           being
           elevated
           with
           the
           victory
           over
           them
           ,
           when
           they
           had
           made
           a
           peace
           on
           equal
           terms
           ,
           they
           subdued
           the
           rest
           of
           their
           Neighbours
           ,
           and
           in
           a
           short
           time
           purchased
           so
           much
           wealth
           ,
           that
           they
           seemed
           formidable
           even
           unto
           Kings
           .
           At
           last
           ,
           Alexander
           King
           of
           Epirus
           ,
           when
           he
           came
           with
           a
           great
           Army
           to
           the
           assi●●ance
           of
           the
           Grecian
           Cities
           ,
           was
           destroyed
           by
           them
           with
           all
           his
           Forces
           ;
           whereupon
           ,
           the
           resolutions
           of
           them
           being
           inflamed
           by
           the
           success
           of
           their
           felicity
           ,
           they
           became
           terrible
           to
           their
           own
           Neighbors
           .
           At
           last
           ,
           Agathocles
           being
           implored
           to
           invade
           them
           ,
           in
           the
           h
           pe
           of
           enlarg
           ng
           his
           Territories
           ,
           he
           passed
           from
           Sicily
           into
           
             I
             aly
          
           .
           The
           Brutians
           being
           startled
           at
           the
           noise
           〈◊〉
           his
           approach
           ,
           did
           send
           Ambassadors
           into
           Sicily
           to
           him
           ,
           desiring
           his
           society
           and
           right
           ●and
           of
           friendship
           ,
           whom
           Agothocles
           deluded
           ;
           for
           having
           invited
           them
           to
           supper
           ,
           he
           promised
           them
           audience
           the
           next
           day
           ,
           and
           on
           the
           morning
           following
           he
           embarked
           his
           Army
           for
           Italy
           ,
           the
           Ambassadors
           suspecting
           no
           such
           thing
           :
           But
           the
           event
           of
           the
           deceit
           was
           not
           fortunate
           ;
           
           for
           not
           long
           after
           the
           violence
           of
           his
           disease
           did
           enforce
           him
           to
           return
           into
           Sicily
           ,
           and
           being
           taken
           over
           all
           his
           body
           (
           the
           pestiferous
           humour
           raging
           in
           all
           his
           nerves
           and
           every
           joynt
           )
           he
           was
           assaulted
           as
           it
           were
           with
           an
           inward
           war
           of
           every
           member
           .
           By
           this
           desperation
           of
           his
           Recovery
           ,
           a
           war
           began
           betwixt
           his
           Son
           and
           his
           Nephew
           ,
           both
           challenging
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           as
           if
           he
           had
           been
           dead
           ;
           in
           this
           war
           his
           Son
           being
           slain
           ,
           his
           Nephew
           possessed
           himself
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           .
           Agathocles
           ,
           when
           the
           painfulness
           of
           his
           disease
           ,
           and
           the
           difficulty
           of
           the
           cure
           and
           the
           anguish
           of
           his
           minde
           did
           daily
           encrease
           ,
           and
           one
           malady
           did
           grow
           upon
           and
           strive
           to
           overtake
           and
           exceed
           the
           former
           ,
           dispairing
           of
           his
           life
           ,
           did
           by
           Sea
           send
           back
           his
           wife
           Theogena
           to
           Aegypt
           from
           whence
           he
           fetched
           her
           ,
           and
           two
           small
           children
           which
           he
           begot
           of
           her
           ,
           with
           all
           his
           money
           ,
           family
           ,
           and
           Princely
           movables
           ,
           in
           which
           none
           of
           the
           Kings
           then
           living
           did
           exceed
           him
           ;
           fearing
           lest
           the
           fury
           of
           his
           Enemy
           ,
           who
           usurped
           and
           plundered
           his
           Kingdom
           ,
           should
           se●●e
           on
           them
           also
           .
           Nevertheless
           his
           wife
           would
           not
           be
           a●
           long
           〈…〉
           me
           plucked
           from
           the
           embraces
           of
           her
           sick
           husband
           ,
           and
           did
           beseech
           him
           ,
           That
           her
           departure
           might
           not
           be
           added
           to
           the
           cruelty
           of
           his
           Nephew
           ,
           and
           she
           might
           seem
           as
           unconscionably
           to
           forsake
           her
           husband
           ,
           as
           he
           to
           have
           made
           war
           against
           his
           Uncle
           ;
           she
           affirmed
           that
           when
           
           she
           marryed
           him
           ,
           she
           not
           onely
           undertook
           to
           be
           a
           partaker
           in
           his
           prosperities
           ,
           but
           in
           all
           fortunes
           whatsoever
           ,
           and
           would
           willingly
           purchase
           with
           the
           danger
           of
           her
           own
           life
           the
           sad
           happiness
           to
           receive
           the
           last
           breath
           of
           her
           husband
           ,
           and
           perform
           his
           funeral
           Rights
           ,
           in
           which
           (
           she
           being
           gone
           )
           there
           was
           none
           left
           to
           succeed
           her
           with
           that
           obsequiousness
           of
           piety
           which
           was
           due
           unto
           him
           .
           His
           little
           children
           departing
           ,
           did
           hang
           upon
           their
           father
           ,
           and
           embraced
           him
           with
           many
           doleful
           complaints
           .
           On
           the
           other
           part
           ,
           his
           wife
           who
           should
           see
           her
           husband
           no
           more
           ,
           did
           weary
           him
           with
           her
           kisses
           ;
           and
           no
           less
           miserable
           were
           the
           tears
           of
           the
           old
           man
           :
           The
           Mother
           and
           Children
           bewailed
           the
           dying
           Father
           ,
           the
           Father
           bewailed
           his
           banished
           wife
           and
           children
           .
           They
           at
           their
           departure
           lamented
           the
           melancholy
           estate
           of
           the
           old
           and
           sick
           man
           their
           Father
           :
           he
           lamented
           the
           condition
           of
           his
           children
           ,
           and
           that
           they
           should
           be
           left
           in
           misery
           whom
           he
           had
           brought
           up
           unto
           the
           hope
           of
           a
           Kingdom
           .
           Amongst
           these
           complaints
           all
           the
           Court
           resounded
           with
           the
           lamentations
           of
           the
           Standers
           ,
           to
           behold
           this
           so
           sad
           a
           departure
           ;
           at
           length
           the
           necessity
           of
           their
           Journey
           ,
           did
           impose
           an
           end
           to
           their
           tears
           ;
           and
           the
           death
           of
           the
           King
           did
           follow
           his
           travelling
           Family
           .
        
         
           Whiles
           these
           things
           were
           in
           agitation
           ,
           the
           Carthaginians
           understanding
           how
           the
           affairs
           
           were
           carryed
           in
           Sicily
           ,
           conceiving
           that
           an
           occasion
           was
           offered
           to
           them
           to
           become
           Masters
           of
           the
           whole
           Iland
           ,
           they
           passed
           thither
           with
           a
           great
           Army
           ,
           and
           subdued
           many
           Cities
           .
           At
           the
           same
           time
           ,
           Pyrrhus
           made
           war
           against
           the
           Romans
           ,
           and
           being
           desired
           by
           the
           Sicilians
           to
           assist
           them
           (
           as
           hath
           been
           mentioned
           heretofore
           )
           when
           he
           came
           to
           Syracusae
           ,
           and
           had
           there
           conquered
           many
           places
           ,
           he
           was
           called
           as
           well
           King
           of
           Sicily
           as
           of
           Epirus
           .
           In
           which
           felicity
           rejoycing
           ,
           he
           bestowed
           on
           his
           Son
           Helenus
           ,
           whom
           he
           begat
           on
           the
           daughter
           of
           Agathocles
           ,
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Sicily
           ,
           as
           discending
           to
           him
           by
           the
           priviledge
           of
           Inheritance
           ,
           and
           gave
           to
           his
           Son
           Alexander
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Italy
           :
           After
           this
           he
           made
           many
           prosperous
           battels
           with
           the
           Carthaginians
           .
           In
           the
           process
           of
           time
           ,
           there
           came
           Ambassadors
           from
           his
           Confederates
           in
           Italy
           ,
           reporting
           that
           they
           could
           not
           resist
           the
           Romans
           ,
           and
           that
           they
           must
           surrender
           all
           unto
           them
           unless
           they
           were
           relieved
           with
           sudden
           supplies
           .
           Being
           perplexed
           with
           this
           doubtful
           danger
           ,
           and
           uncertain
           what
           to
           determine
           ,
           or
           whom
           first
           to
           assist
           ,
           he
           providently
           consulted
           for
           the
           safefy
           of
           both
           .
           For
           the
           Carthaginians
           pressing
           him
           on
           this
           side
           ,
           and
           the
           Romans
           on
           the
           other
           ,
           it
           appeared
           dangerous
           unto
           him
           not
           to
           transport
           his
           Army
           into
           Italy
           ,
           but
           far
           more
           dangerous
           to
           abandon
           Sicily
           ,
           least
           that
           the
           
           one
           should
           not
           appear
           forsaken
           ,
           nor
           the
           other
           lost
           for
           the
           want
           of
           Recruits
           .
           In
           this
           tempest
           of
           growing
           dangers
           ,
           the
           safest
           haven
           of
           Counsels
           did
           appear
           to
           fight
           it
           out
           in
           Sicily
           with
           all
           the
           powers
           he
           could
           make
           ;
           and
           the
           Carthaginians
           being
           beaten
           ,
           to
           carry
           his
           conquering
           Army
           into
           Italy
           .
           The
           battels
           therefore
           being
           joyned
           ,
           although
           he
           overcame
           his
           Enemies
           ,
           yet
           because
           he
           withdrew
           his
           Army
           from
           Sicily
           ,
           he
           was
           interpreted
           to
           be
           overcome
           ,
           and
           his
           Confederates
           revolting
           from
           him
           ,
           he
           lost
           speedily
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Sicily
           ,
           as
           he
           easily
           did
           obtain
           it
           .
           But
           having
           found
           no
           better
           fortune
           in
           Italy
           ,
           he
           returned
           into
           Epirus
           :
           His
           fortune
           in
           both
           these
           places
           was
           as
           admirable
           as
           exemplar
           ;
           For
           as
           before
           in
           his
           prosperity
           ,
           the
           happiness
           of
           his
           affairs
           flowing
           above
           and
           beyond
           his
           desires
           ,
           he
           added
           the
           command
           of
           Italy
           to
           Sicily
           ,
           and
           grew
           glorious
           by
           many
           victories
           against
           the
           Romans
           :
           ●so
           now
           in
           his
           adversity
           ,
           his
           Fortune
           having
           destroyed
           what
           she
           had
           builded
           ,
           and
           made
           him
           an
           example
           of
           humane
           frailty
           ,
           she
           added
           to
           the
           loss
           of
           Sicily
           the
           ruine
           of
           his
           Navie
           at
           Sea
           ;
           and
           the
           disgraceful
           battel
           against
           the
           Romans
           ,
           and
           his
           dishonourable
           departure
           from
           Italy
           .
        
         
           After
           his
           departure
           from
           Sicily
           also
           ,
           Hiero
           was
           made
           chief
           Magistrate
           ,
           whose
           moderation
           was
           so
           great
           ,
           that
           with
           the
           approbation
           
           of
           all
           the
           Citizens
           ,
           he
           was
           created
           General
           against
           the
           Carthaginians
           ,
           and
           not
           long
           afterwards
           King.
           His
           infant
           Education
           was
           a
           Prophetess
           of
           his
           future
           Majesty
           ;
           for
           he
           was
           the
           Son
           of
           Hieroclytus
           a
           noble
           man
           ,
           who
           derived
           his
           original
           from
           Gelus
           an
           antient
           Tyrant
           of
           Sicily
           ,
           but
           his
           birth
           on
           the
           Mothers
           side
           was
           sordidly
           ignominious
           :
           For
           he
           was
           begotten
           on
           a
           Mayd-servant
           ,
           who
           was
           his
           mother
           ;
           and
           therefore
           it
           was
           commanded
           by
           his
           Father
           ,
           that
           he
           should
           be
           exposed
           as
           the
           disgrace
           and
           dishonour
           of
           his
           Family
           .
           But
           the
           Bees
           having
           layd
           honey
           round
           about
           him
           where
           he
           was
           left
           ,
           did
           nourish
           him
           ,
           being
           very
           young
           ,
           and
           wanting
           all
           humane
           comfort
           for
           many
           days
           ;
           by
           reason
           of
           which
           his
           Father
           being
           admonished
           by
           the
           South
           ▪
           sayers
           ,
           who
           persaged
           in
           their
           songs
           that
           the
           Kingdom
           was
           portended
           to
           him
           ,
           did
           cause
           him
           to
           be
           brought
           home
           ,
           and
           with
           all
           his
           care
           and
           endeavor
           ,
           did
           instruct
           and
           bring
           up
           to
           that
           hope
           of
           Majesty
           which
           was
           promised
           ;
           being
           but
           a
           boy
           at
           Shool
           amongst
           his
           companions
           ,
           a
           Wolf
           suddenly
           appearing
           ,
           took
           his
           book
           from
           him
           ;
           and
           being
           a
           young
           man
           ,
           and
           learning
           his
           first
           rudiments
           in
           the
           art
           of
           war
           ,
           an
           Eagle
           pearched
           on
           his
           buckler
           ,
           and
           on
           Owl
           on
           his
           Spear
           ;
           which
           did
           presage
           ,
           that
           he
           should
           be
           wary
           in
           Counsel
           ,
           high
           in
           courage
           ,
           and
           be
           crown'd
           a
           King
           at
           last
           .
           He
           often
           fought
           with
           those
           that
           
           challenged
           him
           ,
           and
           always
           returned
           a
           Conqueror
           ;
           he
           was
           rewarded
           by
           King
           Pyrrhus
           with
           many
           Military
           gifts
           ;
           he
           was
           as
           admirable
           for
           his
           strength
           as
           for
           the
           beauty
           of
           his
           body
           ;
           pleasing
           in
           discourse
           ,
           just
           in
           employment
           ,
           moderate
           in
           command
           ,
           and
           nothing
           could
           be
           seen
           that
           was
           wanting
           in
           him
           of
           a
           King
           ,
           but
           the
           Kingdom
           only
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           Four
           and
           twentieth
           BOOK
           OF
           IVSTINE
           .
        
         
           WHile
           these
           things
           were
           thus
           managed
           in
           Sicily
           ,
           King
           Ptolomy
           sirnamed
           Ceraunicus
           ,
           and
           Antiochus
           and
           Antigonus
           dissenting
           in
           Greece
           and
           makeing
           war
           amongst
           themselves
           ,
           almost
           all
           the
           Cities
           of
           Greece
           being
           encouraged
           by
           it
           ,
           as
           if
           an
           occasion
           were
           offered
           them
           to
           recover
           their
           liberty
           ,
           did
           send
           to
           one
           another
           ;
           and
           by
           their
           Ambassadors
           having
           obliged
           themselves
           into
           a
           league
           of
           friendship
           ,
           they
           did
           break
           forth
           into
           an
           apparent
           war
           ;
           &
           that
           they
           might
           not
           seem
           to
           make
           war
           with
           
           Antigonus
           ,
           they
           assaulted
           the
           Aetolians
           his
           Confederates
           ,
           pretending
           that
           the
           cause
           of
           the
           war
           was
           because
           they
           had
           by
           force
           possessed
           themselves
           of
           the
           Cyrean
           Fields
           ,
           which
           by
           the
           consent
           of
           all
           Greece
           ,
           were
           dedicated
           to
           Apollo
           .
        
         
           To
           this
           war
           ,
           they
           made
           choyce
           of
           Aras
           for
           their
           General
           ,
           who
           with
           a
           prepared
           Army
           ▪
           did
           spoyl
           both
           the
           Cities
           and
           wrecks
           of
           Corn
           which
           was
           layd
           up
           in
           those
           Fields
           ,
           and
           what
           they
           could
           not
           take
           ,
           they
           did
           set
           on
           fire
           :
           Which
           when
           the
           Aetolian
           Shepherds
           beheld
           from
           the
           tops
           of
           the
           Mountains
           ,
           having
           drawn
           themselves
           together
           into
           a
           body
           of
           five
           hundred
           ,
           they
           pursued
           their
           scattered
           Enemies
           ,
           not
           knowing
           how
           numerous
           they
           were
           ,
           because
           the
           amazement
           of
           the
           sudden
           assault
           ,
           and
           the
           smoak
           of
           the
           fire
           had
           taken
           from
           them
           the
           full
           discovery
           of
           their
           Enemies
           ,
           and
           having
           killed
           nine
           thousand
           of
           them
           ,
           they
           put
           the
           residue
           to
           fight
           .
        
         
           After
           this
           the
           Spartans
           beginning
           the
           war
           again
           ,
           many
           of
           the
           Cities
           denyed
           them
           ayd
           ,
           conceiving
           that
           they
           sought
           not
           after
           liberty
           ,
           but
           the
           soveraign
           command
           of
           Greece
           .
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           ,
           the
           wars
           amongst
           the
           Kings
           were
           ended
           ;
           for
           Ptolomy
           having
           beaten
           away
           Antigonus
           ,
           and
           possessed
           himself
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           all
           Macedonia
           ,
           did
           make
           peace
           
           with
           Antiochus
           ,
           and
           joyned
           in
           affinity
           with
           Pyrrhus
           ,
           his
           daughter
           being
           given
           to
           him
           in
           marriage
           ;
           and
           being
           safe
           from
           all
           fear
           of
           a
           forraign
           Enemy
           ,
           he
           turned
           his
           unrighteous
           minde
           to
           commit
           domestick
           wickedness
           ,
           and
           by
           treachery
           prepared
           the
           destruction
           of
           Arsinoe
           his
           sister
           ,
           that
           he
           might
           both
           deprive
           her
           Sons
           of
           life
           ,
           and
           her self
           of
           the
           possession
           of
           the
           City
           of
           Cassandria
           .
           His
           first
           artifice
           was
           by
           dissembling
           his
           love
           to
           convert
           his
           sister
           in
           the
           way
           of
           marriage
           ;
           for
           he
           could
           not
           otherwise
           then
           by
           the
           pretence
           of
           love
           finde
           access
           to
           the
           Sons
           of
           his
           sister
           whose
           Kingdom
           he
           would
           enjoy
           .
           But
           this
           wicked
           design
           of
           Ptolomy
           was
           made
           known
           unto
           her
           ;
           but
           he
           did
           send
           her
           word
           (
           not
           giving
           any
           belief
           unto
           him
           )
           that
           he
           would
           come
           and
           joyn
           with
           her
           Sons
           in
           the
           fellowship
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           with
           whom
           he
           would
           not
           contend
           in
           arms
           to
           force
           the
           Kingdom
           from
           them
           ,
           but
           because
           he
           would
           more
           confirm
           it
           on
           them
           by
           his
           presence
           and
           assistance
           .
           To
           this
           effect
           ,
           he
           desired
           that
           she
           would
           send
           one
           to
           be
           the
           Attestator
           of
           his
           oath
           ,
           before
           whom
           he
           would
           oblige
           himself
           with
           what
           obsecrations
           she
           would
           desire
           in
           the
           presence
           of
           the
           gods
           of
           his
           Country
           .
           Arsinoe
           was
           uncertain
           what
           to
           resolve
           upon
           ,
           fearing
           ,
           if
           she
           should
           send
           ,
           she
           should
           be
           deceived
           by
           perjury
           :
           and
           if
           she
           should
           not
           send
           ,
           she
           should
           pull
           upon
           her
           the
           fury
           of
           her
           brothers
           
           cruelty
           .
           But
           more
           careful
           for
           her
           children
           then
           for
           her self
           ,
           whom
           she
           thought
           she
           should
           be
           the
           better
           able
           to
           protect
           by
           her
           marriage
           with
           her
           brother
           ,
           she
           sent
           Dione
           one
           of
           her
           friends
           ,
           who
           being
           brought
           into
           the
           most
           holy
           Temple
           of
           Jupiter
           (
           a
           Temple
           of
           the
           ancient
           Religion
           of
           the
           
             Macedons
             )
             Ptolomy
          
           having
           laid
           his
           hands
           on
           the
           Altars
           and
           touching
           the
           Images
           and
           Cushions
           of
           the
           gods
           ,
           did
           swear
           by
           unheard
           of
           and
           devoted
           imprecations
           ,
           that
           he
           most
           sincerely
           did
           desire
           the
           marriage
           of
           his
           sister
           ,
           and
           that
           he
           would
           call
           her
           his
           Queen
           ,
           neither
           would
           he
           ever
           in
           the
           disgrace
           of
           her
           take
           any
           other
           wife
           ,
           or
           own
           any
           other
           children
           but
           her
           Sons
           .
           Arsinoe
           after
           she
           was
           delivered
           from
           fear
           ,
           and
           became
           pregnant
           with
           hope
           ,
           and
           had
           conference
           with
           her
           brother
           ,
           whose
           countenance
           and
           flattering
           eyes
           promised
           no
           less
           belief
           then
           did
           his
           Oaths
           ,
           although
           Ptolomy
           his
           Son
           did
           apparantly
           disswade
           her
           ,
           and
           enformed
           her
           of
           the
           deceit
           ,
           yet
           she
           consented
           to
           marry
           with
           her
           Brother
           .
           The
           Nuptials
           were
           celebrated
           with
           great
           solemnity
           ,
           and
           with
           the
           publick
           joy
           of
           the
           people
           .
           And
           Ptolomy
           having
           that
           day
           called
           forth
           the
           Army
           to
           an
           Assembly
           ,
           he
           there
           imposed
           a
           Diadem
           on
           the
           head
           of
           his
           sister
           ,
           and
           called
           her
           his
           Queen
           ;
           with
           which
           title
           Arsinoe
           being
           transported
           with
           joy
           (
           because
           she
           had
           now
           regained
           that
           which
           she
           had
           lo●t
           before
           by
           the
           death
           of
           her
           
           former
           husband
           Lysimachus
           )
           did
           of
           her
           own
           accord
           invite
           her
           husband
           to
           her
           City
           of
           Cassandria
           ,
           for
           the
           desire
           of
           which
           the
           deceit
           was
           contrived
           :
           And
           going
           before
           to
           compleat
           the
           preparations
           ,
           she
           commanded
           that
           a
           holy-day
           should
           be
           observed
           in
           the
           City
           for
           the
           approach
           of
           her
           Husband
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           Houses
           ,
           Temples
           and
           the
           streets
           should
           be
           adorned
           ,
           and
           that
           Altars
           should
           be
           erected
           everywhere
           ,
           and
           that
           sacrifices
           should
           be
           in
           a
           readiness
           .
           She
           also
           commanded
           her
           two
           Sons
           ,
           Lysimachus
           of
           sixteen
           years
           of
           Age
           ,
           and
           Philip
           three
           years
           younger
           ,
           being
           both
           of
           an
           excellent
           feature
           and
           complexion
           ,
           to
           meet
           him
           with
           Crowns
           on
           their
           heads
           .
           Ptolomy
           the
           better
           to
           conceal
           his
           deceit
           ,
           having
           greedily
           embraced
           them
           both
           (
           and
           beyond
           the
           measure
           of
           true
           affection
           )
           did
           a
           long
           time
           even
           smother
           them
           with
           his
           kisses
           .
           When
           he
           approached
           to
           the
           Gate
           of
           the
           City
           ,
           he
           commanded
           the
           Citadel
           to
           be
           seized
           on
           ,
           and
           the
           two
           boys
           to
           be
           slain
           ,
           who
           when
           they
           fled
           to
           their
           Mother
           ,
           they
           were
           killed
           in
           her
           very
           lap
           as
           she
           was
           kissing
           them
           ;
           Arsinoe
           exclaiming
           that
           Ptolomy
           had
           committed
           so
           abominable
           a
           crime
           under
           the
           pretence
           of
           marriage
           ,
           and
           offered
           herself
           to
           the
           Executioners
           for
           her
           children
           ,
           and
           oftentimes
           with
           her
           own
           body
           she
           protected
           the
           embraced
           bodies
           of
           her
           children
           ,
           and
           would
           willingly
           receive
           the
           wounds
           which
           were
           intended
           to
           them
           :
           At
           the
           last
           being
           
           denyed
           to
           be
           present
           at
           the
           funerals
           of
           her
           children
           ,
           she
           was
           brought
           out
           of
           the
           City
           with
           two
           hand-maids
           onely
           ,
           her
           garments
           torn
           ,
           and
           her
           hair
           dishevelled
           ,
           to
           lead
           a
           banished
           life
           in
           Samothracia
           ,
           being
           so
           much
           the
           more
           miserable
           ,
           that
           it
           could
           not
           be
           permitted
           to
           her
           to
           die
           with
           her
           own
           children
           .
        
         
           But
           this
           wickedness
           of
           Ptolomy
           was
           not
           unrevenged
           ;
           for
           the
           immortal
           gods
           revenging
           so
           many
           perjures
           and
           cruel
           Parricides
           ,
           he
           was
           not
           long
           after
           dispoyled
           of
           his
           Kingdom
           by
           the
           Gauls
           ,
           and
           being
           taken
           ,
           he
           lost
           his
           life
           by
           the
           sword
           as
           he
           deserved
           .
           For
           the
           Gauls
           (
           their
           multitudes
           abounding
           ,
           when
           the
           Land
           ●n
           which
           they
           were
           born
           could
           not
           contain
           them
           )
           did
           send
           as
           it
           were
           like
           vagabond
           sojourners
           three
           hundred
           thousand
           men
           to
           look
           out
           new
           habitations
           :
           Part
           of
           them
           sate
           down
           in
           Italy
           ,
           who
           took
           and
           set
           on
           fire
           the
           City
           of
           Rome
           ;
           part
           of
           them
           (
           through
           the
           Armies
           of
           the
           Barbarians
           who
           opposed
           them
           )
           did
           out
           their
           way
           into
           the
           Coasts
           of
           Illyria
           ,
           and
           inhabited
           Pannonia
           ,
           following
           the
           auspication
           of
           the
           birds
           ,
           in
           which
           Art
           the
           Gauls
           excell
           above
           all
           others
           ;
           a
           hardy
           ,
           bold
           ,
           and
           warlike
           Nation
           ,
           who
           first
           after
           Hercules
           (
           to
           whom
           this
           attempt
           gave
           an
           admiration
           for
           his
           vertue
           ,
           and
           a
           belief
           of
           immortality
           )
           did
           pass
           over
           the
           unconquered
           H
           lls
           of
           the
           Alps
           ,
           and
           places
           intractible
           by
           the
           extremity
           of
           cold
           ,
           where
           having
           
           overcome
           the
           Pannonians
           ,
           they
           for
           many
           years
           made
           sundry
           wars
           with
           their
           Neighbours
           .
           Afterwards
           by
           the
           temptations
           of
           success
           ,
           having
           divided
           their
           strength
           ,
           some
           of
           them
           advanced
           as
           far
           as
           Greece
           ,
           some
           as
           far
           as
           Macedonia
           ,
           laying
           all
           things
           waste
           before
           them
           .
           So
           great
           was
           the
           terror
           of
           their
           Name
           ,
           that
           Kings
           not
           provoked
           by
           them
           would
           of
           their
           own
           accords
           buy
           their
           p
           ace
           with
           vast
           sums
           of
           money
           :
           Onely
           Ptolomy
           King
           of
           Macedonia
           d●●
           without
           ●e●r
           at
           end
           the
           arrival
           of
           the
           Gauls
           ,
           and
           with
           a
           few
           S●u●d●ers
           ,
           and
           those
           disordered
           (
           s
           if
           wars
           were
           managed
           with
           no
           less
           d
           fficulty
           then
           parricides
           were
           committed
           )
           e
           did
           advance
           to
           meet
           them
           being
           tormented
           with
           the
           furies
           of
           his
           bloody
           Acts.
           He
           despised
           also
           the
           Embassage
           of
           the
           Dardanians
           ,
           offering
           him
           twenty
           thousand
           armed
           men
           to
           ayd
           him
           ,
           adding
           this
           to
           their
           contumely
           ,
           that
           Macedonia
           was
           in
           a
           sad
           condition
           ,
           if
           when
           they
           alone
           overcame
           all
           the
           East
           ,
           they
           should
           now
           stand
           in
           need
           of
           the
           Dardanian
           Citizens
           to
           be
           revenged
           of
           their
           Enemies
           :
           He
           boasted
           that
           he
           had
           the
           Sons
           of
           those
           in
           his
           Army
           ,
           who
           being
           Conquerors
           under
           Alexander
           the
           Great
           ,
           made
           all
           the
           World
           tributary
           to
           him
           .
        
         
           Which
           when
           it
           was
           reported
           to
           King
           Dardanus
           ,
           he
           said
           that
           the
           renowned
           Kingdom
           of
           Macedonia
           would
           shortly
           fall
           by
           the
           rashness
           of
           one
           heady
           young
           man.
           But
           the
           Gauls
           under
           
           the
           commannd
           of
           Belgius
           ,
           did
           send
           Ambassadors
           to
           Ptolomy
           ,
           to
           try
           the
           Resolutions
           of
           the
           Macedons
           ,
           offering
           him
           peace
           if
           he
           would
           purchase
           it
           with
           money
           ;
           But
           Ptolomy
           vaunted
           to
           his
           Subjects
           ,
           that
           the
           Gauls
           did
           supplicate
           to
           him
           to
           have
           peace
           for
           fear
           of
           the
           war
           ,
           and
           did
           speak
           as
           insolently
           to
           the
           Ambassadors
           as
           to
           his
           Subjects
           ;
           He
           assured
           them
           that
           he
           would
           grant
           them
           no
           peace
           ,
           unless
           they
           should
           give
           him
           their
           Princes
           for
           Hostages
           ,
           and
           deliver
           up
           their
           Arms
           ;
           for
           he
           would
           not
           believe
           them
           unless
           they
           were
           disarmed
           .
        
         
           This
           answer
           being
           returned
           ,
           The
           Gauls
           laughed
           out-right
           ,
           crying
           out
           on
           every
           side
           that
           he
           should
           shortly
           perceive
           whether
           they
           offered
           peace
           unto
           him
           for
           his
           advantage
           or
           their
           own
           .
           Some
           few
           dayes
           after
           ,
           the
           battel
           was
           fought
           ;
           and
           the
           Macedons
           being
           overcome
           ,
           were
           beaten
           down
           :
           Ptolomy
           having
           received
           many
           wounds
           was
           taken
           ,
           his
           head
           was
           cut
           off
           ,
           and
           being
           fixed
           on
           the
           point
           of
           a
           Lance
           ,
           it
           was
           carryed
           all
           about
           the
           Army
           to
           the
           terror
           of
           the
           Macedons
           :
           So
           fatal
           was
           this
           overthrow
           ,
           and
           so
           great
           the
           rout
           ,
           that
           few
           of
           them
           were
           preserved
           by
           flight
           ,
           the
           rest
           were
           either
           all
           slain
           or
           taken
           Prisoners
           .
           When
           this
           was
           reported
           throughout
           all
           Macedonia
           ,
           the
           Gates
           of
           the
           Cities
           were
           shut
           ,
           all
           places
           were
           filled
           with
           mourning
           ;
           sometimes
           they
           lamented
           the
           loss
           of
           their
           children
           ,
           sometimes
           they
           feared
           the
           
           destruction
           of
           their
           Cities
           ,
           they
           called
           upon
           the
           names
           of
           Alexander
           and
           Philip
           ,
           as
           if
           their
           Kings
           had
           been
           their
           gods
           ,
           and
           emplored
           their
           assistance
           under
           whom
           they
           were
           safe
           ,
           not
           onely
           against
           their
           Enemies
           ,
           but
           also
           Conquerors
           of
           the
           World
           ;
           they
           emplored
           them
           that
           they
           would
           defend
           their
           Country
           ,
           which
           by
           the
           glory
           of
           their
           atchievements
           ,
           they
           had
           made
           second
           unto
           Heaven
           ,
           and
           to
           relieve
           those
           now
           in
           their
           distress
           ,
           whom
           the
           fury
           and
           rashness
           of
           King
           Ptolomy
           had
           destroyed
           .
           All
           men
           despairing
           ,
           Sosthenes
           one
           of
           the
           Princes
           of
           the
           Macedons
           ,
           thinking
           that
           in
           this
           extremity
           they
           must
           use
           deeds
           as
           well
           as
           prayers
           ,
           having
           drawn
           the
           youth
           of
           the
           Macedons
           into
           a
           body
           ,
           he
           both
           restrained
           the
           Gauls
           growing
           insolent
           with
           their
           Victory
           ,
           and
           defended
           the
           Macedons
           from
           the
           plunderings
           of
           their
           Enemies
           ;
           for
           which
           benefit
           of
           his
           conduct
           and
           valour
           (
           many
           of
           the
           Noble
           men
           of
           Macedonia
           affecting
           the
           Kingdom
           )
           he
           by
           his
           birth
           although
           ignoble
           ,
           was
           advanced
           above
           them
           all
           ▪
           and
           being
           saluted
           King
           by
           the
           Army
           ,
           he
           compelled
           the
           Souldiers
           to
           take
           the
           Oath
           of
           Allegiance
           ,
           not
           in
           name
           of
           the
           King
           ,
           but
           of
           the
           General
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           ,
           Brennus
           under
           whose
           command
           one
           part
           of
           the
           Gauls
           had
           poured
           themselves
           into
           Greece
           ,
           having
           understood
           of
           the
           victory
           of
           his
           Associates
           ,
           who
           under
           Belgiu
           had
           overcome
           the
           Macedons
           ,
           disdaining
           that
           so
           
           rich
           a
           booty
           and
           laden
           with
           the
           spoyls
           of
           the
           East
           ,
           should
           so
           easily
           be
           abandoned
           ,
           having
           amassed
           a
           body
           of
           one
           hundred
           and
           fifty
           thousand
           foot
           ,
           and
           fifteen
           thousand
           horse
           ,
           did
           break
           into
           Macedonia
           :
           and
           having
           plundred
           the
           Towns
           ,
           and
           preyed
           the
           Fields
           ,
           Sosthenes
           did
           advance
           against
           him
           with
           a
           gallant
           Army
           of
           the
           Macedons
           ,
           but
           being
           not
           so
           numerous
           ,
           they
           were
           overcome
           by
           the
           multitude
           ,
           and
           the
           weaker
           by
           the
           stronger
           .
           The
           Macedonians
           being
           overcome
           ,
           did
           hide
           themselves
           within
           the
           Walls
           of
           their
           Cities
           ,
           and
           Brennus
           being
           Conqueror
           ,
           did
           plunder
           up
           and
           down
           the
           Country
           of
           all
           Macedonia
           no
           man
           opposing
           him
           ;
           And
           as
           if
           those
           spoyls
           were
           too
           unworthy
           of
           his
           avarice
           ,
           he
           turned
           his
           minde
           to
           the
           Temples
           of
           the
           immortal
           gods
           ,
           prophanely
           asserting
           that
           the
           gods
           being
           rich
           ,
           ought
           out
           of
           their
           abundance
           to
           contribute
           unto
           the
           poverty
           of
           men
           .
           He
           presently
           therefore
           marched
           to
           Delphos
           ,
           preferring
           gold
           ,
           the
           temptation
           of
           Religion
           ,
           above
           the
           violation
           of
           the
           immortal
           gods
           ,
           who
           he
           affirmed
           did
           stand
           in
           no
           need
           of
           riches
           ,
           it
           being
           their
           custom
           to
           bestow
           them
           upon
           men
           .
        
         
           The
           Temple
           of
           Apollo
           is
           placed
           at
           Delphos
           on
           the
           Hill
           of
           Parnassus
           ,
           a
           rock
           everywhere
           hanging
           over
           it
           ,
           in
           which
           place
           the
           frequent
           confluence
           of
           men
           did
           erect
           a
           City
           ,
           who
           coming
           thither
           in
           great
           numbers
           ,
           to
           the
           confirmation
           
           of
           the
           Majesty
           of
           the
           god
           did
           inhabit
           on
           that
           Rock
           .
           The
           Temple
           and
           City
           is
           not
           defended
           by
           Walls
           ,
           but
           by
           precipices
           not
           made
           by
           hands
           ,
           but
           made
           strong
           and
           guarded
           by
           Nature
           ;
           so
           that
           it
           is
           hard
           to
           say
           ,
           whether
           the
           strength
           of
           the
           place
           ,
           or
           the
           majesty
           of
           the
           god
           be
           more
           to
           be
           admired
           :
           The
           middle
           of
           the
           Rock
           doth
           open
           it self
           into
           the
           form
           of
           a
           Theater
           ,
           by
           reason
           whereof
           ,
           the
           clamour
           of
           men
           ,
           and
           the
           clangor
           of
           the
           Trumpets
           when
           they
           are
           sounded
           (
           the
           hollowness
           of
           the
           Rocks
           returning
           and
           banding
           the
           sound
           from
           one
           to
           another
           and
           playing
           with
           it
           amongst
           themselves
           )
           the
           sound
           is
           heard
           more
           multiplyed
           by
           the
           reboation
           ,
           and
           appears
           greater
           far
           then
           when
           at
           first
           it
           was
           delivered
           .
           This
           is
           that
           which
           striketh
           a
           greater
           terror
           of
           Majesty
           into
           those
           who
           are
           ignorant
           of
           the
           cause
           ,
           and
           adds
           a
           reverent
           amazement
           to
           the
           admiration
           ;
           much
           about
           this
           hollow
           of
           the
           Rock
           on
           the
           middle
           of
           the
           height
           of
           the
           Hill
           ,
           there
           is
           a
           little
           plain
           ,
           and
           in
           it
           a
           deep
           hole
           ,
           out
           of
           which
           the
           Oracle
           proceeds
           ,
           which
           being
           a
           cold
           breath
           driven
           up
           as
           it
           were
           by
           a
           winde
           ,
           doth
           possess
           the
           minds
           of
           the
           Priests
           with
           a
           madness
           ,
           who
           being
           filled
           with
           god
           ,
           he
           doth
           enforce
           them
           to
           give
           answers
           to
           those
           who
           do
           demand
           them
           :
           By
           reason
           of
           this
           ,
           there
           were
           to
           be
           seen
           many
           and
           very
           rich
           gifts
           ,
           both
           of
           Kings
           and
           others
           ,
           who
           do
           manifest
           by
           their
           magnificence
           both
           the
           gratititudes
           
           of
           the
           Givers
           ,
           and
           the
           Answers
           of
           the
           gods
           .
        
         
           Brennus
           when
           he
           beheld
           the
           Temple
           ,
           did
           make
           a
           halt
           with
           his
           Army
           ,
           debating
           whither
           he
           should
           presently
           assault
           it
           ,
           or
           give
           his
           weary
           Souldiers
           the
           respite
           of
           one
           night
           ,
           to
           refresh
           themselves
           .
           Euridanus
           and
           Tessalonus
           two
           Commanders
           ,
           who
           joyned
           themselves
           unto
           him
           in
           hope
           of
           the
           booty
           ,
           did
           counsel
           him
           to
           cut
           off
           all
           delayes
           ,
           whiles
           the
           Enemies
           were
           unprepared
           ,
           and
           his
           new
           approach
           had
           struck
           a
           terror
           into
           them
           ;
           but
           they
           affirmed
           that
           if
           they
           should
           give
           them
           the
           deliberation
           of
           one
           night
           ,
           the
           Enemies
           might
           put
           on
           new
           resolutions
           by
           the
           access
           of
           new
           supplies
           ,
           and
           the
           wayes
           which
           now
           lay
           open
           might
           be
           obstructed
           .
           But
           the
           common
           Souldiers
           of
           the
           Gauls
           out
           of
           their
           long
           want
           ,
           when
           they
           found
           the
           Country
           to
           abound
           with
           wines
           ,
           and
           all
           manner
           of
           provision
           ,
           did
           disperse
           themselves
           about
           the
           Fields
           ,
           being
           no
           less
           joyful
           with
           the
           abundance
           they
           found
           ,
           then
           with
           their
           victory
           ;
           and
           forsaking
           their
           Ensigns
           ,
           they
           did
           range
           up
           and
           down
           as
           Conquerors
           to
           seise
           on
           all
           things
           ;
           which
           gave
           some
           respite
           to
           the
           Delphians
           ;
           for
           on
           the
           first
           report
           of
           the
           coming
           of
           the
           Gauls
           ,
           the
           Country
           people
           were
           prohibited
           by
           the
           Oracle
           to
           bring
           their
           Vintage
           and
           Harvest
           into
           their
           Towns
           :
           which
           saving
           counsel
           was
           not
           understood
           until
           the
           abundance
           of
           wine
           and
           other
           
           provisions
           being
           left
           as
           a
           temptation
           and
           delay
           to
           the
           Gauls
           ,
           the
           Auxiliaries
           of
           the
           neighbouring
           Countries
           had
           the
           leisure
           to
           draw
           together
           ;
           and
           the
           Delphians
           being
           encreased
           by
           the
           access
           of
           their
           Forces
           ,
           did
           fortifie
           their
           City
           ,
           before
           the
           Gauls
           falling
           to
           their
           swill
           of
           Wine
           as
           to
           their
           prey
           ,
           could
           be
           called
           to
           their
           Standards
           .
        
         
           Brennus
           out
           of
           all
           his
           Army
           made
           choyce
           for
           this
           service
           of
           threescore
           and
           five
           thousand
           foot
           .
           The
           Army
           of
           the
           Delphians
           and
           their
           Associates
           did
           not
           amount
           to
           above
           fourteen
           thousand
           ,
           in
           contempt
           of
           whom
           ,
           Brennus
           the
           more
           to
           encourage
           his
           men
           ,
           did
           shew
           them
           the
           greatness
           of
           the
           booty
           ,
           and
           the
           Statues
           drawn
           with
           four
           horse
           (
           of
           which
           a
           vast
           number
           were
           seen
           afar
           off
           )
           all
           with
           solid
           gold
           ;
           moreover
           he
           affirmed
           to
           them
           that
           the
           booty
           was
           far
           more
           considerable
           in
           the
           weight
           then
           in
           the
           show
           .
           With
           this
           information
           the
           Gauls
           being
           as
           much
           inflamed
           as
           with
           their
           last
           nights
           Wine
           ,
           did
           fall
           upon
           the
           onset
           without
           respect
           of
           danger
           .
           The
           Delphians
           on
           the
           other
           side
           ,
           putting
           their
           confidence
           in
           their
           god
           ,
           and
           not
           in
           their
           own
           strength
           ,
           did
           with
           contempt
           oppose
           their
           Enemies
           ,
           and
           from
           the
           top
           of
           the
           Hill
           ,
           some
           of
           them
           with
           Arms
           ,
           and
           some
           with
           stones
           did
           overwhelm
           and
           repel
           the
           Gauls
           in
           their
           Scalado
           .
           In
           the
           heat
           of
           this
           encounter
           ,
           on
           a
           sudden
           the
           
           Priests
           of
           all
           the
           Temples
           ,
           &
           the
           Prophets
           themselves
           with
           their
           hair
           dishevelled
           in
           their
           most
           solemn
           habits
           and
           fillets
           did
           tremble
           all
           with
           indignation
           ,
           &
           did
           run
           forth
           mad
           into
           the
           Front
           of
           the
           Army
           :
           where
           the
           fight
           most
           violently
           was
           maintained
           ,
           They
           cryed
           out
           that
           their
           god
           was
           come
           down
           ,
           &
           that
           they
           beheld
           him
           leaping
           into
           the
           Temple
           ,
           laughing
           from
           the
           opened
           Roofs
           thereof
           ;
           for
           whiles
           they
           most
           humbly
           emplored
           his
           help
           ,
           a
           young
           man
           as
           admirable
           in
           his
           beauty
           as
           the
           tall
           proportion
           of
           his
           body
           ,
           with
           two
           armed
           Virgins
           who
           were
           his
           Companions
           did
           appear
           ,
           and
           did
           meet
           them
           out
           of
           the
           two
           adjoyning
           Temples
           of
           Diana
           and
           Minerva
           ;
           neither
           did
           they
           onely
           behold
           them
           with
           their
           eyes
           ,
           but
           they
           heard
           also
           the
           twang
           of
           his
           Bow
           ,
           and
           the
           clashing
           of
           his
           Armour
           ;
           they
           therefore
           conjured
           them
           by
           the
           utmost
           Imprecations
           ,
           that
           they
           would
           not
           delay
           to
           make
           a
           thorow-dispatch
           upon
           their
           Enemies
           ,
           the
           gods
           being
           their
           Leaders
           ,
           and
           to
           joyn
           themselves
           Companions
           with
           them
           in
           the
           Victory
           ;
           with
           these
           words
           being
           enflamed
           ,
           they
           did
           all
           throw
           themselves
           upon
           the
           points
           of
           their
           Enemies
           swords
           ,
           and
           immediately
           they
           perceived
           the
           presence
           of
           their
           god
           ;
           For
           part
           of
           the
           Hill
           (
           being
           torn
           off
           by
           an
           Earthquake
           )
           did
           overwhelm
           the
           Army
           of
           the
           Gauls
           ,
           and
           the
           most
           thick
           and
           pointed
           wedges
           did
           fall
           to
           the
           ground
           not
           without
           some
           wounds
           to
           the
           Delphians
           .
           
           Immediately
           there
           followed
           a
           great
           Tempest
           of
           hayl
           ,
           lightning
           ,
           &
           thunder
           which
           devoured
           those
           who
           fainted
           by
           reason
           of
           their
           wounds
           .
           Brennus
           their
           General
           ,
           when
           he
           could
           not
           endure
           the
           anguish
           of
           his
           wounds
           ,
           did
           end
           his
           life
           with
           his
           Poynedo
           .
           Belgius
           the
           other
           of
           their
           Generals
           ,
           the
           Authors
           of
           this
           war
           being
           punished
           ,
           departed
           in
           a
           flying
           march
           out
           of
           Greece
           with
           ten
           thousand
           of
           his
           Associates
           :
           But
           Fortune
           was
           not
           more
           propitious
           to
           them
           flying
           ;
           for
           fearful
           as
           they
           were
           ,
           there
           was
           no
           night
           without
           rain
           or
           cold
           ,
           nor
           day
           without
           labor
           and
           danger
           ,
           but
           daily
           storms
           and
           snow
           concrete
           with
           Ice
           ,
           and
           hunger
           ,
           and
           weariness
           ,
           and
           above
           all
           the
           great
           evil
           of
           too
           much
           watching
           did
           consume
           the
           miserable
           Relicks
           of
           the
           unhappy
           war.
           The
           people
           also
           and
           Nations
           through
           which
           they
           marched
           ,
           did
           pursue
           them
           flying
           before
           them
           as
           a
           prey
           ;
           By
           which
           means
           it
           came
           to
           pass
           ,
           that
           not
           one
           of
           so
           great
           an
           Army
           ,
           who
           not
           long
           before
           being
           too
           confident
           in
           their
           strength
           and
           numbers
           presumed
           to
           plunder
           the
           gods
           ,
           did
           now
           remain
           to
           witness
           the
           remembrance
           of
           so
           great
           an
           overthrow
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           Five
           and
           twentieth
           BOOK
           OF
           IVSTINE
           .
        
         
           PEace
           being
           concluded
           betwixt
           the
           two
           Kings
           ,
           Antigonus
           and
           Antiochus
           ;
           when
           Antigonus
           returned
           into
           Macedonia
           ,
           a
           new
           Enemy
           did
           on
           a
           sudden
           arise
           unto
           him
           ;
           for
           the
           Gauls
           who
           were
           left
           by
           Brennus
           to
           defend
           the
           bounds
           of
           the
           Nation
           ,
           when
           he
           advanced
           into
           Greece
           (
           that
           they
           alone
           might
           not
           seem
           idle
           )
           having
           armed
           fifteen
           thousand
           foot
           ,
           and
           three
           thousand
           horse
           ,
           did
           invade
           the
           Getes
           and
           Tribals
           ,
           and
           having
           overcome
           them
           ,
           they
           did
           hang
           like
           a
           
           dark
           cloud
           over
           Macedonia
           ,
           and
           sent
           their
           Ambassadors
           to
           King
           Antigonus
           to
           offer
           him
           a
           mercenary
           Peace
           ,
           and
           to
           discover
           his
           strength
           .
           Antigonus
           with
           royal
           magnificence
           did
           invite
           them
           to
           a
           stately
           Banquet
           ,
           set
           forth
           in
           the
           highest
           manner
           that
           could
           be
           devised
           .
           The
           Gauls
           admiring
           the
           vast
           weights
           of
           gold
           and
           silver
           ,
           which
           on
           purpose
           were
           layd
           open
           to
           their
           observations
           ,
           and
           being
           provoked
           by
           the
           abundance
           and
           variety
           of
           the
           booty
           ,
           returned
           more
           greedy
           of
           war
           ,
           then
           when
           they
           came
           forth
           .
           The
           King
           also
           commanded
           that
           the
           Elephants
           should
           be
           shewed
           unto
           them
           for
           a
           terror
           ,
           it
           being
           a
           sight
           unaccustomed
           to
           them
           ,
           and
           that
           they
           should
           see
           the
           ships
           laden
           with
           Souldiers
           ,
           and
           gallantly
           equipped
           ,
           being
           ignorant
           that
           he
           did
           hereby
           tempt
           them
           by
           the
           rlchness
           of
           the
           booty
           ,
           whom
           he
           thought
           to
           have
           affrighted
           by
           the
           greatness
           of
           his
           power
           .
        
         
           The
           Ambassadors
           being
           returned
           ,
           made
           all
           things
           greater
           then
           they
           were
           ,
           and
           declared
           both
           the
           wealth
           and
           the
           security
           of
           the
           King
           ;
           his
           Tents
           ,
           they
           said
           ,
           were
           covered
           with
           gold
           and
           silver
           ,
           and
           defended
           neither
           by
           works
           nor
           ditches
           :
           and
           as
           if
           their
           riches
           were
           defence
           enough
           ,
           they
           neglected
           all
           Military
           duties
           ,
           thinking
           (
           belike
           )
           that
           they
           needed
           not
           the
           defence
           of
           Iron
           ,
           because
           they
           abounded
           with
           gold
           :
           By
           this
           relation
           the
           desires
           of
           the
           greedy
           Nation
           were
           the
           more
           provoked
           to
           the
           prey
           .
           The
           
           Example
           of
           Belgius
           did
           the
           more
           excite
           them
           ,
           who
           not
           long
           before
           had
           overthrown
           the
           Army
           of
           the
           Macedons
           ,
           and
           killed
           the
           King
           himself
           .
           With
           the
           general
           consent
           of
           all
           ,
           they
           in
           the
           night
           did
           invade
           the
           Tents
           of
           the
           King
           ,
           who
           foreseeing
           this
           tempest
           ,
           did
           give
           order
           the
           day
           before
           to
           take
           away
           all
           the
           precious
           moveables
           ,
           and
           privately
           to
           hide
           themselves
           in
           the
           adjoyning
           woods
           ;
           neither
           was
           the
           Camp
           otherwise
           preserved
           ,
           then
           that
           it
           was
           thus
           abandoned
           ;
           For
           the
           Gauls
           when
           they
           saw
           all
           things
           forsaken
           and
           not
           onely
           without
           Defenders
           ,
           but
           also
           without
           a
           Guard
           ,
           conceiving
           it
           to
           be
           rather
           an
           Ambush
           then
           a
           flight
           ,
           they
           did
           forbear
           for
           a
           while
           ,
           to
           enter
           into
           the
           Ports
           thereof
           .
           At
           last
           ,
           they
           possessed
           themselves
           of
           them
           ,
           rather
           examining
           and
           searching
           then
           plundering
           them
           ,
           and
           not
           long
           afterwards
           ,
           taking
           away
           what
           they
           found
           ,
           they
           did
           carry
           it
           to
           the
           shore
           ;
           There
           when
           too
           rashly
           they
           thought
           to
           seise
           upon
           the
           ships
           ,
           they
           were
           killed
           by
           the
           Sea-men
           ,
           and
           by
           a
           part
           of
           the
           Land
           Army
           ,
           who
           fled
           thither
           with
           their
           Wives
           and
           children
           suspecting
           no
           such
           danger
           :
           And
           so
           great
           was
           the
           slaughter
           of
           the
           Gauls
           ,
           that
           the
           report
           and
           opinion
           of
           this
           Victory
           procured
           peace
           to
           Antigonus
           ,
           not
           from
           the
           Gauls
           ,
           but
           some
           other
           stubborn
           Enemies
           who
           were
           his
           Neghbors
           .
        
         
           The
           yong
           men
           of
           the
           Gauls
           at
           that
           time
           were
           so
           numerous
           that
           they
           swarmed
           all
           over
           Asia
           ,
           
           neither
           did
           the
           Kings
           of
           the
           East
           manage
           any
           wars
           without
           the
           mercenary
           Army
           of
           the
           Gauls
           ;
           neither
           did
           those
           who
           were
           banished
           or
           beaten
           from
           their
           Kingdoms
           ,
           address
           themselves
           unto
           any
           but
           to
           the
           Gauls
           onely
           .
           So
           great
           was
           the
           terror
           of
           their
           name
           ,
           or
           the
           invincible
           happiness
           of
           their
           Arms
           ,
           that
           the
           King
           believed
           their
           Majestie
           was
           not
           safe
           ,
           nor
           could
           they
           recover
           it
           being
           lost
           ,
           unless
           they
           were
           assisted
           by
           the
           valor
           of
           the
           Gauls
           :
           Being
           therefore
           called
           by
           the
           King
           of
           Bithynia
           to
           his
           help
           ,
           and
           the
           Victory
           obtained
           ,
           they
           divided
           the
           Kingdom
           with
           him
           ,
           and
           called
           that
           Country
           Gallograecia
           ;
           Whiles
           these
           things
           were
           performed
           in
           
             Asia
             ,
             Phyrrus
          
           being
           overcome
           by
           the
           Carthaginians
           in
           a
           battel
           at
           Sea
           ,
           desired
           ayd
           of
           Antigonus
           King
           of
           Macedonia
           ,
           declaring
           that
           if
           he
           assisted
           him
           not
           ,
           he
           must
           be
           enforced
           to
           return
           into
           his
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           seek
           the
           advancement
           of
           his
           Fortunes
           from
           the
           Romans
           .
           Which
           when
           his
           Ambassadors
           brought
           him
           word
           was
           denyed
           ,
           (
           having
           dissembled
           the
           reason
           )
           he
           pretended
           a
           sudden
           departure
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           ,
           he
           commanded
           hls
           Confederates
           to
           provide
           for
           the
           war
           ,
           and
           delivered
           the
           Government
           of
           the
           Tower
           of
           Tarentum
           to
           Helenus
           his
           Son
           and
           Milo
           his
           friend
           .
           Being
           returned
           into
           Epirus
           ,
           he
           immediately
           invaded
           the
           bounds
           of
           Macedonia
           ,
           where
           Antigonus
           did
           meet
           him
           with
           an
           Army
           ,
           and
           being
           
           overcome
           by
           him
           ,
           was
           put
           to
           flight
           ;
           Pyrrhus
           hereupon
           did
           take
           Macedonia
           into
           his
           power
           ,
           and
           as
           if
           he
           had
           ballanced
           the
           loss
           of
           Italy
           and
           Sicily
           with
           the
           regaining
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Macedonia
           ,
           he
           did
           send
           both
           for
           his
           Son
           and
           for
           his
           friend
           ,
           which
           he
           did
           leave
           at
           
             Tarentum
             .
             Antigonus
          
           with
           a
           few
           horsemen
           the
           Companions
           of
           his
           flight
           ,
           being
           on
           a
           sudden
           forsaken
           of
           all
           the
           ornaments
           of
           his
           dignity
           ,
           did
           repair
           to
           Thessalonica
           ,
           to
           behold
           the
           events
           of
           his
           lost
           Kingdom
           ,
           hiring
           a
           mercenary
           Army
           of
           the
           Gauls
           to
           renew
           the
           war
           ;
           And
           being
           again
           utterly
           overthrown
           by
           Ptolomy
           the
           Son
           of
           Pyrrhus
           ,
           and
           in
           his
           flight
           attended
           but
           with
           seven
           men
           ,
           he
           not
           onely
           lost
           all
           hope
           of
           the
           recovery
           of
           his
           Kingdom
           ,
           but
           fled
           into
           solitary
           places
           and
           made
           them
           the
           best
           procurers
           of
           his
           safety
           .
        
         
           Pyrrhus
           being
           now
           advanced
           to
           so
           great
           a
           height
           of
           soveraignty
           ,
           was
           not
           content
           with
           that
           which
           with
           modesty
           he
           durst
           not
           aspire
           unto
           in
           his
           hopes
           ,
           but
           propounded
           unto
           himself
           the
           Empire
           both
           of
           Greece
           and
           Asia
           ;
           he
           took
           a
           felicity
           and
           pride
           in
           his
           wars
           as
           in
           his
           Soveraignty
           ;
           for
           no
           man
           could
           resist
           him
           whithersoever
           he
           turned
           his
           power
           ;
           but
           as
           he
           was
           esteemed
           invincible
           in
           adding
           Kingdom
           unto
           Kingdom
           ,
           so
           having
           overcome
           them
           and
           obtained
           them
           ,
           he
           quickly
           lost
           them
           ,
           being
           more
           fortunate
           to
           obtain
           then
           to
           preserve
           ;
           
           having
           afterwards
           transported
           his
           forces
           on
           the
           other
           side
           of
           Chersonesus
           ,
           he
           was
           received
           by
           the
           Embassies
           of
           the
           
             Athenians
             ,
             Achaians
          
           ,
           and
           Messenians
           ;
           And
           all
           Greece
           amazed
           at
           the
           glory
           of
           his
           name
           ,
           and
           at
           the
           wonders
           of
           his
           Atchievements
           against
           the
           Romans
           and
           Carthaginians
           ,
           did
           with
           a
           labouring
           expectation
           attend
           his
           arrival
           .
        
         
           His
           first
           war
           in
           Greece
           was
           against
           the
           Lacedemonians
           ,
           where
           he
           was
           opposed
           more
           by
           the
           valour
           of
           the
           women
           then
           the
           men
           :
           There
           he
           lost
           his
           Son
           Ptolomy
           ,
           and
           the
           ablest
           and
           the
           choycest
           men
           in
           his
           Army
           :
           For
           so
           great
           a
           multitude
           of
           women
           did
           press
           in
           throngs
           upon
           him
           for
           the
           defence
           of
           their
           Country
           ,
           as
           he
           was
           besieging
           Sparta
           ,
           that
           he
           was
           enforced
           to
           retreat
           from
           them
           ,
           being
           not
           more
           valiantly
           then
           modesty
           overcome
           .
           Moreover
           ,
           it
           is
           affirmed
           that
           his
           Son
           Ptolomy
           was
           so
           able
           a
           man
           of
           his
           hands
           ,
           that
           he
           took
           the
           City
           of
           Corcyra
           being
           followed
           onely
           with
           threescore
           men
           .
           In
           a
           battel
           at
           Sea
           ,
           there
           being
           but
           seven
           men
           with
           him
           ,
           he
           leaped
           out
           of
           his
           boat
           into
           the
           ship
           of
           his
           Enemies
           ,
           and
           did
           enforce
           it
           to
           obedience
           .
           And
           at
           the
           assault
           of
           the
           City
           of
           Sparta
           he
           gallopped
           into
           the
           middle
           of
           the
           City
           ,
           and
           was
           there
           killed
           by
           the
           concurse
           of
           the
           multitude
           ,
           whose
           body
           ,
           
           when
           it
           was
           brought
           unto
           his
           Father
           ,
           it
           is
           reported
           that
           Pyrrhus
           said
           thar
           he
           was
           slain
           a
           great
           while
           later
           then
           he
           feared
           or
           then
           his
           rashness
           did
           deserve
           .
           Pyrrhus
           being
           beaten
           back
           by
           the
           Spartans
           ,
           did
           march
           to
           Argos
           ,
           where
           when
           he
           endeavoured
           to
           besiege
           Antigonus
           shut
           up
           in
           that
           City
           ,
           he
           (
           fighting
           most
           violently
           amongst
           the
           thickest
           and
           the
           formost
           )
           was
           slain
           with
           a
           stone
           thrown
           from
           the
           Walls
           ;
           his
           head
           was
           brought
           unto
           Antigonus
           ,
           who
           using
           the
           victory
           with
           gentleness
           ,
           did
           dismiss
           his
           Son
           Helenus
           delivered
           to
           him
           with
           Epirus
           ,
           and
           gave
           him
           leave
           to
           depart
           to
           his
           own
           Kingdom
           ,
           aud
           delivered
           him
           the
           body
           of
           his
           unburyed
           Father
           to
           be
           interred
           in
           his
           own
           Country
           .
           Amongst
           all
           Authors
           the
           Fame
           is
           constant
           and
           clear
           enough
           ,
           that
           no
           King
           either
           of
           that
           or
           the
           former
           Age
           ,
           was
           to
           be
           compared
           to
           Pyrrhus
           ;
           and
           that
           not
           onely
           amongst
           Kings
           ,
           but
           other
           personages
           ,
           there
           was
           seldom
           any
           to
           be
           found
           of
           a
           more
           just
           or
           a
           more
           Religious
           life
           .
           So
           great
           was
           his
           knowledge
           in
           Military
           affairs
           ,
           that
           although
           he
           made
           war
           with
           so
           great
           Kings
           ,
           as
           
             Lysimachus
             ,
             Demetrius
          
           ,
           and
           Antigonus
           ,
           yet
           he
           alwayes
           remained
           unconquered
           .
           In
           the
           war
           also
           of
           the
           Illyrians
           and
           Sicilians
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           Romanes
           ,
           and
           Carthaginians
           ,
           he
           was
           
           never
           inferiour
           to
           them
           ,
           and
           oftentimes
           a
           Conqueror
           ,
           who
           though
           his
           Country
           was
           but
           narrow
           ,
           and
           before
           ignoble
           ,
           by
           the
           Fame
           of
           his
           atchievements
           and
           the
           uprightness
           of
           his
           conversation
           he
           did
           renown
           it
           over
           all
           the
           World.
           
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           Six
           and
           twentieth
           BOOK
           OF
           IVSTINE
           .
        
         
           AFter
           the
           death
           of
           Pyrrhus
           there
           were
           great
           motions
           and
           tumults
           of
           war
           ,
           not
           onely
           in
           Macedonia
           but
           in
           Asia
           also
           and
           in
           Greece
           ,
           for
           the
           Pelopennesians
           were
           by
           treachery
           betrayed
           to
           Antigonus
           ,
           and
           according
           to
           the
           several
           inclinations
           of
           the
           Inhabitants
           ,
           partaking
           either
           of
           joy
           or
           grief
           ,
           as
           the
           several
           Cities
           either
           hoped
           for
           ayd
           from
           Pyrrhus
           ,
           or
           were
           afraid
           of
           his
           power
           ;
           so
           now
           they
           either
           entred
           into
           league
           with
           Antigonus
           ,
           or
           
           flung
           themselves
           upon
           a
           war
           by
           the
           mutual
           hatred
           amongst
           themselves
           .
        
         
           In
           this
           commotion
           of
           the
           troubled
           Provinces
           ,
           the
           City
           also
           of
           Epirus
           was
           by
           tyranny
           invaded
           by
           Aristotimus
           the
           Prince
           ;
           by
           whom
           when
           many
           of
           the
           Rulers
           of
           the
           City
           were
           slain
           ,
           and
           more
           of
           them
           driven
           into
           banishment
           ,
           the
           Aetolians
           desiring
           of
           him
           by
           their
           Ambassadors
           ,
           that
           the
           Exuls
           might
           be
           permitted
           to
           have
           their
           wives
           and
           children
           come
           unto
           them
           ,
           he
           at
           the
           first
           denyed
           it
           ,
           and
           afterwards
           as
           if
           he
           had
           repented
           of
           what
           he
           had
           denyed
           ,
           he
           gave
           all
           the
           Matrons
           leave
           to
           repair
           unto
           their
           banished
           husbands
           ,
           and
           appointed
           a
           day
           for
           their
           departure
           .
           They
           as
           if
           they
           should
           for
           ever
           suffer
           banishment
           with
           their
           husbands
           ,
           taking
           with
           them
           their
           richest
           moveables
           ,
           when
           they
           had
           met
           at
           the
           gate
           of
           the
           City
           to
           travel
           all
           in
           one
           troup
           ,
           they
           were
           apprehended
           and
           committed
           to
           prison
           ,
           and
           plundred
           of
           all
           their
           goods
           ,
           the
           little
           children
           being
           slain
           in
           the
           laps
           of
           their
           Mothers
           ,
           and
           the
           Virgins
           their
           daughters
           ravished
           .
           All
           men
           being
           amazed
           at
           this
           domineering
           cruelty
           ,
           one
           of
           their
           Rulers
           Helemat
           by
           name
           ,
           an
           old
           man
           ,
           and
           destitute
           of
           children
           ,
           and
           one
           that
           feared
           not
           the
           respect
           of
           age
           ,
           being
           not
           obliged
           to
           the
           respect
           of
           pledges
           ,
           having
           called
           to
           his
           house
           the
           most
           faithul
           of
           his
           
           friends
           did
           exhort
           them
           to
           the
           revenge
           of
           their
           Country
           .
        
         
           They
           all
           debating
           on
           a
           way
           to
           conclude
           the
           publick
           with
           their
           private
           danger
           ,
           and
           desiring
           a
           time
           for
           deliberation
           ,
           he
           sending
           for
           his
           servants
           ,
           did
           command
           them
           to
           lock
           the
           doors
           ,
           withall
           to
           go
           unto
           the
           Tyrant
           ,
           and
           desire
           him
           to
           send
           some
           of
           his
           Guard
           to
           apprehend
           the
           Conspirators
           assembled
           in
           his
           house
           ,
           objecting
           to
           every
           one
           of
           them
           ,
           that
           because
           he
           could
           not
           be
           the
           Author
           of
           delivering
           his
           Country
           ,
           he
           would
           be
           the
           revenger
           of
           it
           being
           forsaken
           by
           them
           .
           Hereupon
           they
           being
           surprized
           with
           a
           doubtful
           danger
           ,
           chusing
           the
           more
           honourable
           way
           of
           the
           two
           ,
           they
           conspired
           to
           kill
           the
           Tyrant
           ,
           and
           Aristotimus
           by
           this
           meanes
           was
           slain
           in
           the
           fifth
           Moneth
           af
           er
           he
           had
           usurped
           the
           Tyranny
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           ,
           Antigonus
           being
           oppressed
           with
           several
           wars
           ,
           which
           he
           made
           against
           King
           Ptolomy
           and
           the
           Lacedemonians
           ,
           and
           a
           new
           Army
           of
           Enemies
           from
           Gallograecia
           ,
           having
           left
           in
           his
           Camp
           some
           few
           Companies
           to
           defend
           it
           against
           the
           other
           Enemies
           ,
           he
           marched
           with
           his
           chief
           power
           against
           the
           Gauls
           :
           Which
           being
           understood
           ,
           the
           better
           to
           prepare
           themselves
           to
           the
           fight
           ,
           they
           did
           offer
           sacrifices
           for
           the
           good
           event
           of
           the
           battel
           ;
           And
           a
           great
           slaughter
           
           and
           utter
           destruction
           ,
           being
           persaged
           to
           them
           by
           the
           entrails
           of
           the
           beasts
           ,
           they
           desperately
           turning
           their
           fear
           into
           a
           fury
           ,
           hoping
           that
           the
           threatnings
           and
           the
           anger
           of
           the
           gods
           could
           be
           expiated
           by
           the
           slaughter
           of
           their
           Families
           ,
           they
           killed
           their
           wives
           and
           children
           ,
           beginning
           the
           auspications
           of
           the
           war
           with
           such
           a
           detestable
           Parricide
           :
           So
           great
           was
           the
           barbarousness
           of
           their
           savage
           minds
           ,
           that
           they
           did
           not
           forbear
           their
           Infants
           and
           the
           tenderness
           of
           that
           age
           which
           even
           their
           Enemies
           would
           have
           spared
           ,
           but
           made
           a
           na●alitious
           and
           an
           intrinsick
           war
           with
           their
           own
           bowels
           their
           children
           ,
           and
           with
           the
           mothers
           of
           their
           children
           ,
           for
           whom
           others
           are
           accustomed
           to
           undertake
           wars
           :
           Therefore
           as
           if
           they
           had
           redeemed
           the
           Victory
           and
           their
           lives
           by
           the
           barbarous
           cruelty
           ,
           (
           bloody
           as
           they
           were
           from
           the
           streaming
           murthers
           of
           their
           wives
           and
           children
           )
           they
           joyned
           in
           battel
           with
           their
           Enemies
           with
           no
           better
           event
           then
           the
           auspication
           promised
           ;
           for
           fighting
           ,
           the
           furies
           of
           their
           own
           consciences
           did
           surround
           them
           before
           their
           Enemies
           ,
           and
           the
           Ghosts
           of
           those
           whom
           they
           had
           murdered
           ,
           ptesenting
           themselves
           alwayes
           before
           their
           eyes
           ,
           they
           fell
           upon
           a
           final
           desolation
           .
           So
           great
           was
           the
           slaughter
           ,
           that
           the
           gods
           did
           seem
           to
           have
           
           combined
           with
           men
           for
           their
           utter
           destruction
           .
        
         
           After
           the
           event
           of
           this
           battel
           ,
           Ptolomy
           and
           the
           Lacedemonians
           declining
           the
           conquering
           Army
           of
           Antigonus
           ,
           did
           retreat
           into
           more
           safe
           places
           :
           Antigonus
           when
           he
           perceived
           that
           they
           were
           departed
           ,
           the
           courage
           of
           his
           Souldiers
           being
           flushed
           with
           the
           former
           Victory
           ,
           did
           make
           war
           upon
           the
           Athenians
           :
           In
           which
           ,
           when
           he
           was
           engaged
           ,
           Alexander
           King
           of
           Epirus
           desiring
           to
           revenge
           his
           Fathers
           death
           ,
           did
           plunder
           the
           borders
           of
           Macedonia
           ;
           against
           whom
           when
           Antigonus
           marched
           ,
           being
           returned
           out
           of
           Greece
           ,
           he
           was
           forsaken
           by
           his
           Souldiers
           who
           revolted
           from
           him
           ,
           and
           did
           lose
           with
           his
           Army
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Macedonia
           .
           His
           Son
           Demetrius
           being
           in
           his
           minority
           having
           leavied
           a
           new
           Army
           in
           his
           Fathers
           absence
           ,
           did
           not
           only
           recover
           Macedonia
           that
           was
           lost
           ,
           but
           dis-invested
           Alexander
           of
           his
           Kingdom
           of
           Epirus
           .
           So
           great
           was
           the
           inconstancy
           of
           the
           Souldiers
           ,
           or
           the
           variety
           of
           Fortune
           ,
           that
           Kings
           were
           even
           now
           but
           banished
           men
           ,
           and
           by
           and
           by
           they
           were
           Kings
           again
           .
           Alexander
           when
           he
           fled
           as
           a
           banished
           man
           into
           Arcadia
           ,
           was
           not
           long
           after
           restored
           into
           his
           Kingdoms
           with
           as
           great
           an
           applause
           of
           the
           Epirots
           as
           with
           the
           help
           of
           their
           Confederats
           .
        
         
           At
           that
           time
           Agas
           King
           of
           the
           Cyrenians
           
           dyed
           who
           before
           his
           sickness
           (
           to
           compose
           all
           strifes
           with
           his
           brother
           Ptolomy
           )
           had
           espoused
           his
           onely
           daughter
           Beronioe
           to
           his
           Son.
           But
           after
           the
           death
           of
           King
           
             Antigonus
             ,
             Arsinoe
          
           the
           Mother
           of
           the
           young
           Lady
           ,
           that
           she
           might
           dissolve
           the
           marriage
           contracted
           without
           her
           consent
           ,
           did
           send
           for
           Demetrius
           the
           brother
           of
           King
           Antigonus
           from
           Macedonia
           ,
           not
           onely
           to
           the
           marriage
           of
           Beronice
           ,
           but
           to
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           
             Cyrene
             ;
             Demetrius
          
           being
           born
           himself
           of
           the
           daughter
           of
           Ptolomy
           ,
           made
           not
           the
           least
           delay
           ;
           but
           having
           a
           fore-wind
           to
           his
           own
           desires
           ,
           arrived
           suddenly
           at
           Cyrene
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           confidence
           of
           the
           comeliness
           of
           his
           personage
           ,
           endevouring
           to
           endeer
           himself
           to
           his
           Mother-in-law
           Arsinoe
           ,
           he
           began
           to
           deport
           himself
           very
           proudly
           to
           the
           royal
           Family
           ,
           and
           to
           domineer
           over
           the
           Souldiery
           ,
           and
           to
           translate
           his
           affections
           and
           his
           Courtship
           from
           the
           daughter
           to
           the
           mother
           ,
           which
           was
           first
           discovered
           by
           the
           daughter
           ,
           and
           afterwards
           abominated
           both
           by
           the
           people
           and
           the
           Souldiers
           :
           Therefore
           all
           of
           them
           having
           changed
           their
           affections
           ,
           a
           plot
           was
           laid
           for
           Demetrius
           ,
           to
           whom
           Executioners
           were
           sent
           being
           in
           bed
           with
           his
           Mother-in-law
           :
           But
           Arsinoe
           having
           heard
           the
           voyce
           of
           her
           daughter
           standing
           at
           the
           door
           ,
           and
           giving
           order
           
           to
           spare
           her
           Mother
           ,
           did
           for
           a
           while
           with
           her
           own
           body
           protect
           the
           adulterer
           ,
           who
           being
           slain
           ,
           Beronice
           with
           the
           preservation
           of
           her
           piety
           ,
           revenged
           the
           incontinency
           of
           her
           Mother
           ;
           and
           in
           the
           choyce
           of
           her
           husband
           did
           follow
           the
           judgement
           of
           her
           Father
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           Seven
           and
           twentieth
           BOOK
           OF
           IVSTINE
           .
        
         
           ANtiochus
           King
           of
           Syria
           being
           dead
           ,
           when
           Seleucus
           his
           Son
           succeeded
           in
           his
           place
           ,
           he
           began
           his
           raign
           with
           Parricide
           ,
           his
           mother
           perswading
           him
           to
           it
           ,
           who
           ought
           to
           have
           deterred
           him
           from
           it
           ;
           for
           he
           killed
           his
           Stepmother
           Beronice
           with
           his
           little
           brother
           begotten
           on
           her
           :
           Which
           horrible
           crime
           being
           committed
           ,
           he
           was
           not
           onely
           tainted
           with
           Infamy
           ,
           but
           withall
           he
           involved
           himself
           in
           a
           war
           with
           Ptolomy
           .
           Moreover
           ,
           Beronice
           when
           she
           understood
           that
           Executioners
           were
           sent
           
           to
           take
           away
           her
           life
           ,
           she
           shut
           up
           her self
           in
           her
           Fathers
           Daphne
           ,
           where
           when
           it
           was
           reported
           to
           the
           Cities
           of
           Asia
           ,
           that
           she
           was
           besieged
           with
           her
           little
           child
           ,
           they
           calling
           to
           their
           minds
           the
           dignity
           of
           her
           Father
           ,
           and
           of
           her
           Ancestors
           ,
           and
           prompted
           to
           compassion
           at
           the
           indignity
           of
           her
           Fortune
           ,
           they
           all
           sent
           ayd
           unto
           her
           :
           Her
           brother
           Ptolomy
           being
           also
           startled
           at
           the
           danger
           of
           his
           sister
           ,
           having
           left
           his
           own
           Kingdom
           ,
           did
           advance
           to
           her
           relief
           with
           all
           the
           speed
           that
           could
           be
           .
           But
           before
           the
           arrival
           of
           any
           ayd
           ,
           Beronice
           when
           she
           could
           not
           be
           taken
           by
           force
           ,
           was
           killed
           by
           treachery
           :
           It
           was
           conceived
           by
           all
           to
           be
           a
           subject
           most
           worthy
           of
           lamentation
           .
           Therefore
           when
           all
           the
           Cities
           who
           had
           revolted
           from
           her
           ,
           had
           provided
           a
           very
           great
           Fleet
           ,
           being
           amazed
           at
           this
           example
           of
           horrid
           cruelty
           ,
           they
           did
           offer
           themselves
           and
           their
           ships
           to
           Ptolomy
           ,
           who
           if
           he
           had
           not
           been
           called
           back
           into
           Aegypt
           by
           some
           intestine
           sedition
           ,
           had
           possessed
           himself
           of
           all
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Seleucus
           ;
           This
           parricidial
           guilt
           had
           brought
           upon
           him
           so
           much
           hatred
           ;
           or
           the
           unworthy
           death
           of
           his
           sister
           had
           purchased
           to
           Ptolomyes
           much
           affection
           .
           After
           the
           death
           of
           Ptolomy
           ,
           when
           Seleucus
           had
           set
           forth
           a
           great
           Navie
           against
           the
           Cities
           which
           revolted
           ,
           immediately
           a
           great
           tempest
           arising
           ,
           as
           if
           the
           gods
           themselves
           would
           revenge
           this
           par●icide
           ,
           he
           lost
           them
           all
           by
           Tempest
           ,
           neither
           had
           
           he
           any
           thing
           left
           of
           so
           great
           a
           preparation
           ,
           but
           his
           naked
           body
           ,
           &
           some
           few
           Companions
           of
           his
           shipwrack
           whom
           Fortune
           had
           preserved
           alive
           ;
           A
           lamentable
           thing
           it
           was
           ,
           and
           yet
           acceptable
           to
           him
           ;
           for
           the
           Cities
           ,
           which
           in
           hatred
           of
           him
           had
           revolted
           to
           Seleucus
           (
           as
           if
           the
           gods
           were
           satisfied
           in
           his
           punishment
           ,
           themselves
           being
           the
           Arbitrators
           )
           by
           a
           sudden
           change
           of
           their
           minde
           ,
           being
           touched
           with
           compassion
           for
           his
           shipwrack
           ,
           they
           did
           restore
           themselves
           unto
           the
           Authority
           of
           his
           command
           :
           Rejoycing
           therefore
           in
           his
           calamity
           ,
           and
           made
           more
           rich
           by
           loss
           ,
           he
           made
           war
           upon
           Ptolomy
           ,
           conceiving
           himself
           now
           equal
           in
           strength
           unto
           him
           :
           But
           as
           if
           he
           was
           born
           to
           be
           the
           sport
           of
           fortune
           ,
           and
           had
           onely
           received
           his
           Kingdom
           again
           but
           to
           lose
           it
           again
           ,
           being
           various
           in
           battel
           ,
           and
           not
           much
           more
           accompanied
           then
           after
           his
           shipwrark
           ,
           he
           sled
           in
           great
           fear
           to
           Antiochia
           :
           from
           whence
           he
           sent
           Letters
           to
           his
           Brother
           Antiochus
           ,
           in
           which
           he
           did
           implore
           his
           ayd
           ,
           and
           in
           recompence
           thereof
           did
           offer
           to
           him
           all
           that
           part
           of
           Asia
           which
           lyeth
           on
           the
           bounds
           of
           the
           Hill
           Taurus
           .
        
         
           Antiochus
           being
           but
           fourteen
           years
           of
           age
           ,
           and
           greedy
           of
           Soveraignty
           above
           his
           years
           ,
           took
           hold
           of
           the
           occasion
           ,
           but
           not
           with
           that
           pious
           minde
           as
           it
           was
           offered
           ;
           but
           desiring
           like
           an
           Oppressor
           ,
           to
           force
           all
           from
           his
           brother
           ,
           he
           armed
           himself
           being
           but
           a
           boy
           with
           a
           
           wicked
           but
           a
           manly
           boldness
           ;
           from
           his
           ravenous
           disposition
           he
           was
           called
           Hierax
           ,
           because
           in
           snatching
           away
           the
           goods
           from
           other
           men
           he
           followed
           not
           the
           life
           of
           a
           man
           ,
           but
           of
           a
           Bird
           of
           prey
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           ,
           Ptolomy
           ,
           when
           he
           understood
           that
           King
           Antiochus
           did
           advance
           to
           the
           ayd
           and
           help
           of
           Selencus
           ,
           made
           peace
           with
           Seleucus
           for
           ten
           years
           ,
           that
           he
           might
           not
           fight
           at
           once
           against
           two
           :
           But
           peace
           being
           granted
           by
           the
           Enemy
           ,
           it
           was
           reversed
           by
           the
           Brother
           ,
           who
           having
           drawn
           unto
           him
           a
           mercenary
           Army
           of
           the
           Gauls
           ,
           in
           the
           stead
           of
           a
           Brother
           did
           render
           himself
           an
           Enemy
           .
           In
           that
           war
           by
           the
           prowess
           of
           the
           
             Gauls
             ,
             Antiochus
          
           was
           Conqueror
           ;
           but
           the
           Gauls
           believing
           that
           Seleucus
           was
           slain
           in
           the
           battel
           ,
           did
           turn
           their
           swords
           against
           Antiochus
           himself
           ,
           believing
           they
           should
           plunder
           Asia
           with
           more
           freedom
           ,
           if
           they
           had
           destroyed
           all
           the
           Royal
           Progeny
           .
           Which
           when
           Antiochus
           perceived
           ,
           he
           ransomed
           himself
           from
           them
           as
           from
           high-way
           men
           with
           gold
           ,
           and
           not
           long
           after
           entred
           into
           a
           league
           with
           his
           own
           mercenaries
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           ,
           Eumenes
           King
           of
           Bythinia
           ,
           his
           Brothers
           being
           dispersed
           and
           consumed
           with
           civil
           discords
           (
           being
           as
           it
           were
           to
           invade
           the
           uncertain
           possession
           of
           Asia
           )
           assaulted
           the
           Gauls
           ,
           and
           the
           Conqueror
           Antiochus
           at
           once
           ,
           who
           being
           weary
           ,
           &c.
           many
           of
           them
           wounded
           
           in
           the
           former
           encounter
           ,
           it
           was
           not
           difficult
           for
           him
           to
           overcome
           them
           .
           In
           that
           time
           ,
           all
           the
           wars
           were
           designed
           for
           the
           destruction
           of
           Asia
           ,
           and
           as
           one
           was
           more
           powerful
           then
           another
           ,
           he
           always
           seized
           upon
           Asia
           as
           a
           prey
           .
           The
           two
           Brothers
           ,
           Seleucus
           and
           Antiochus
           did
           wage
           war
           for
           
             Asia
             ;
             Ptolomy
          
           King
           of
           Aegypt
           in
           pretence
           to
           revenge
           his
           sister
           ,
           did
           also
           greedily
           covet
           the
           Empire
           of
           Asia
           ;
           on
           this
           side
           Eumenes
           of
           Bythinia
           ,
           on
           the
           other
           side
           the
           Gauls
           being
           always
           a
           mercenary
           Army
           ,
           did
           make
           a
           prey
           of
           Asia
           ;
           and
           amongst
           so
           manythere
           was
           no
           man
           found
           to
           be
           a
           Defender
           of
           it
           .
           Antiochus
           being
           overcome
           ,
           when
           Eumenes
           had
           possessed
           the
           greatest
           part
           thereof
           ,
           the
           two
           Brothers
           ,
           (
           the
           booty
           being
           lost
           for
           which
           they
           made
           war
           )
           could
           not
           yet
           agree
           amongst
           themselves
           ,
           but
           ,
           the
           forraign
           Enemy
           being
           neglected
           ,
           they
           did
           drive
           on
           a
           war
           for
           the
           mutual
           destruction
           of
           themselves
           :
           In
           which
           Antiochus
           being
           overcome
           the
           second
           time
           ,
           and
           wearyed
           with
           flying
           ,
           which
           continued
           many
           dayes
           ,
           he
           at
           last
           directed
           his
           course
           to
           Artamenes
           his
           Father-in-law
           ,
           who
           was
           King
           of
           Cappodocia
           :
           He
           having
           nobly
           entertained
           him
           at
           first
           ,
           did
           not
           long
           after
           contrive
           to
           take
           away
           his
           life
           by
           treachery
           ,
           which
           Antiochus
           having
           understood
           ,
           did
           provide
           for
           his
           safety
           by
           flight
           .
           And
           when
           wandring
           up
           and
           down
           ,
           he
           could
           finde
           no
           place
           in
           which
           he
           might
           reside
           with
           
           safety
           ,
           he
           repaired
           to
           Ptolomy
           his
           Enemy
           ,
           conceiving
           his
           assurance
           to
           be
           more
           safe
           then
           his
           Brothers
           ,
           being
           either
           conscious
           what
           he
           intended
           to
           him
           ,
           or
           what
           he
           had
           deserved
           of
           him
           ;
           But
           Ptolomy
           being
           not
           to
           be
           reconciled
           to
           him
           ,
           did
           command
           him
           to
           be
           kept
           in
           close
           imprisonment
           ,
           from
           whence
           by
           the
           endeavors
           of
           a
           woman
           whom
           familiarly
           he
           knew
           ,
           he
           made
           an
           escape
           ,
           having
           deceived
           his
           Keepers
           ,
           and
           flying
           away
           ,
           he
           was
           seized
           upon
           and
           killed
           by
           Thieves
           .
           Much
           at
           the
           same
           time
           ,
           Seleucus
           having
           lost
           his
           Kingdom
           (
           being
           thrown
           from
           his
           horse
           )
           did
           lose
           his
           life
           ;
           and
           thus
           these
           two
           brothers
           ,
           being
           Brothers
           also
           in
           banishment
           ,
           after
           the
           loss
           of
           their
           Kingdoms
           ,
           did
           suffer
           the
           punishment
           of
           their
           transgressions
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           Eight
           and
           twentieth
           BOOK
           OF
           IVSTINE
           .
        
         
           OLympias
           the
           Daughter
           of
           Pyrrhus
           King
           of
           Epirus
           ,
           having
           lost
           Alexander
           her
           husband
           ,
           who
           was
           also
           her
           Brother
           when
           she
           took
           upon
           her self
           the
           guardianship
           of
           her
           two
           Sons
           Pyrrhus
           and
           Ptolomy
           begotten
           by
           him
           ,
           and
           the
           Government
           also
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ;
           the
           Aetolians
           attempting
           to
           force
           from
           her
           part
           of
           Acarnania
           which
           her
           husband
           had
           purchased
           with
           his
           sword
           ,
           she
           addressed
           her self
           to
           Demetrius
           King
           of
           Macedonia
           ,
           who
           having
           before
           espoused
           the
           sister
           of
           Antiochus
           King
           of
           Syria
           ,
           she
           delivered
           
           him
           her
           own
           Daughter
           Phytia
           in
           marriage
           also
           ,
           that
           so
           by
           the
           right
           of
           consanguinity
           she
           might
           obtain
           that
           assistance
           which
           she
           could
           not
           procure
           by
           Compassion
           :
           The
           Nuptials
           therefore
           were
           solemnized
           by
           which
           the
           favour
           of
           the
           new
           marriage
           was
           confirmed
           ,
           and
           the
           offence
           for
           giving
           distast
           to
           the
           old
           was
           contracted
           :
           But
           the
           first
           wife
           (
           as
           if
           she
           had
           been
           divorced
           )
           did
           of
           her
           own
           accord
           depart
           to
           her
           Brother
           Antiochus
           ,
           and
           did
           by
           importunitie
           inforce
           him
           to
           make
           war
           upon
           her
           husband
           .
           The
           Arcanians
           also
           distrusting
           the
           Epirots
           ,
           did
           implore
           ayd
           of
           the
           Romans
           against
           the
           Aetolians
           ,
           and
           obtained
           of
           the
           Senate
           of
           Rome
           that
           Ambassadours
           should
           be
           sent
           who
           should
           command
           the
           Aetolians
           to
           withdraw
           their
           Garrisons
           from
           the
           Cities
           of
           Arcania
           ,
           and
           permit
           those
           to
           be
           free
           who
           onely
           heretofore
           refused
           to
           ayd
           the
           Grecians
           against
           the
           Trojans
           the
           Authors
           of
           their
           Original
           .
           But
           the
           Aetolians
           returned
           a
           proud
           answer
           to
           the
           Ambassadors
           of
           Rome
           ,
           upbraiding
           them
           with
           the
           Carthaginians
           and
           the
           Gauls
           ,
           by
           whom
           they
           were
           oppressed
           with
           so
           many
           wars
           ,
           and
           so
           often
           absolutely
           overcome
           ;
           they
           told
           them
           that
           they
           must
           first
           open
           their
           Gates
           to
           fight
           against
           the
           Carthaginians
           ,
           which
           the
           fear
           of
           the
           Punick
           war
           had
           shut
           ,
           before
           they
           could
           translate
           their
           Army
           into
           Greece
           :
           They
           desired
           them
           also
           to
           call
           to
           minde
           who
           they
           were
           whom
           they
           
           threatned
           ;
           the
           Romans
           (
           they
           said
           )
           could
           not
           defend
           their
           own
           Citie
           against
           the
           Gauls
           ;
           and
           it
           being
           taken
           ,
           they
           did
           not
           rescue
           it
           by
           the
           sword
           ,
           but
           redeemed
           it
           with
           Gold
           ;
           which
           Nation
           having
           invaded
           Greece
           with
           a
           far
           greater
           number
           ,
           they
           without
           any
           Auxiliaries
           received
           from
           strangers
           or
           from
           their
           own
           Country-men
           did
           totally
           overthrow
           ,
           and
           gave
           them
           that
           seat
           for
           their
           Sepulchers
           which
           they
           propounded
           to
           themselves
           for
           their
           Armies
           and
           their
           Empire
           :
           On
           the
           other
           side
           ,
           the
           Romans
           trembling
           at
           the
           burning
           of
           their
           City
           ,
           did
           give
           the
           leisure
           to
           the
           Gauls
           to
           possess
           themselvs
           of
           almost
           all
           Italy
           .
           They
           declared
           that
           the
           Gauls
           were
           first
           to
           be
           beaten
           out
           of
           Italy
           ,
           before
           they
           should
           impose
           any
           command
           upon
           the
           Aetolians
           ,
           and
           that
           they
           should
           first
           defend
           their
           own
           ,
           before
           they
           should
           undertake
           to
           protect
           the
           interests
           of
           others
           ;
           proceeded
           further
           in
           disdainful
           Interrogatories
           ;
           and
           what
           men
           are
           these
           Romans
           ?
           Shepherds
           who
           by
           robbery
           detained
           the
           Lands
           from
           their
           right
           Master
           ;
           who
           through
           the
           infamy
           of
           their
           discent
           ,
           could
           not
           provide
           themselves
           with
           Wives
           ,
           unless
           they
           took
           them
           by
           violence
           ;
           who
           erected
           their
           City
           by
           parricide
           ,
           and
           mingled
           the
           matter
           of
           the
           foundation
           with
           brothers
           blood
           .
           They
           declared
           ,
           that
           the
           Aetolians
           were
           always
           Princes
           of
           Greece
           ,
           and
           exceeded
           others
           as
           much
           in
           dignity
           as
           in
           valor
           ;
           They
           were
           the
           onely
           men
           who
           always
           despised
           
           the
           Macedonians
           flourishing
           with
           the
           command
           and
           Soveraignty
           of
           the
           World
           ,
           who
           feared
           not
           King
           Philip
           ,
           who
           contemned
           the
           Edicts
           of
           Alexander
           the
           Great
           ,
           after
           his
           conquest
           of
           the
           Persians
           and
           the
           Indians
           ,
           when
           the
           world
           trembled
           under
           his
           Laws
           .
           They
           therefore
           admonished
           the
           Romans
           to
           be
           contented
           with
           their
           present
           fortune
           ,
           nor
           provoke
           those
           Armies
           by
           whom
           they
           saw
           the
           Gauls
           were
           overthrown
           ,
           and
           the
           Macedons
           made
           contemptible
           ;
           And
           having
           thus
           dismissed
           the
           Roman
           Ambassadors
           ,
           that
           they
           might
           not
           appear
           to
           have
           spoken
           more
           couragiously
           then
           they
           resolved
           to
           have
           performed
           ,
           they
           plundered
           that
           part
           of
           Acarnania
           which
           bordered
           on
           Epirus
           .
        
         
           Olympias
           had
           now
           delivered
           her
           Kingdoms
           to
           her
           sons
           ,
           and
           Ptolomy
           succeeded
           in
           the
           place
           of
           Pyrrhus
           his
           deceased
           brother
           ,
           who
           when
           he
           advanced
           against
           his
           Enemies
           with
           a
           gallant
           Army
           ,
           being
           surprized
           by
           sickness
           ,
           dyed
           in
           the
           way
           :
           And
           Olympias
           her self
           ,
           her
           heart
           being
           pierced
           through
           and
           through
           for
           the
           loss
           of
           both
           her
           children
           ,
           and
           her
           soul
           sick
           within
           her
           ,
           did
           not
           long
           out-live
           them
           ;
           and
           when
           of
           all
           the
           Royal
           Family
           there
           not
           any
           remained
           alive
           but
           onely
           the
           young
           Lady
           Nereis
           with
           her
           sister
           
             Laodamia
             ,
             Nereis
          
           marryed
           Gelon
           the
           Son
           of
           the
           King
           of
           Sicily
           ;
           and
           Laodamia
           flying
           to
           the
           Altar
           of
           Diana
           ,
           did
           there
           lose
           her
           life
           by
           the
           
           violence
           of
           the
           people
           ;
           which
           facinorous
           act
           the
           Immortal
           Gods
           revenged
           with
           the
           continued
           slaughters
           ,
           and
           almost
           the
           total
           destruction
           of
           all
           the
           people
           .
           For
           being
           punished
           with
           barrenness
           and
           hunger
           ,
           and
           vexed
           with
           civil
           discords
           ,
           they
           were
           at
           last
           almost
           utterly
           consumed
           by
           Forreign
           Wars
           .
           And
           Milo
           the
           executioner
           of
           Laodamia
           being
           possessed
           with
           a
           fury
           ,
           attempting
           sometimes
           to
           kill
           himself
           with
           a
           sword
           ,
           sometimes
           to
           beat
           out
           his
           brains
           with
           stones
           ,
           at
           the
           last
           tearing
           out
           his
           bowels
           with
           his
           teeth
           died
           the
           twelfth
           day
           afterwards
           .
        
         
           These
           things
           being
           thus
           mannaged
           in
           Epirus
           ,
           King
           Demetrius
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           deceased
           in
           Macedonia
           ,
           leaving
           his
           Son
           Philip
           in
           his
           minority
           ,
           to
           whom
           Antigonus
           being
           Tutor
           ,
           having
           married
           his
           mother
           ,
           did
           intend
           to
           possess
           himself
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           .
           In
           the
           process
           of
           time
           ,
           when
           he
           was
           kept
           a
           prisoner
           in
           his
           own
           Court
           by
           the
           threats
           and
           sedition
           of
           the
           Macedons
           ,
           he
           broke
           forth
           at
           last
           and
           adventured
           into
           the
           publick
           without
           a
           Guard
           ;
           and
           having
           thrown
           his
           Diadem
           and
           purple
           robe
           amongst
           the
           people
           ,
           he
           commanded
           that
           they
           should
           be
           given
           to
           some
           other
           man
           who
           knew
           better
           to
           govern
           them
           ,
           or
           they
           to
           obey
           him
           .
           For
           his
           part
           ,
           he
           understood
           well
           enough
           the
           ringols
           in
           that
           envyed
           Crown
           ,
           and
           the
           weight
           of
           it
           ▪
           not
           by
           his
           pleasures
           ,
           but
           by
           his
           
           labours
           and
           his
           dangers
           .
           He
           did
           put
           them
           in
           minde
           of
           what
           he
           had
           done
           for
           them
           ;
           how
           he
           revenged
           the
           revolt
           of
           their
           associates
           ;
           how
           he
           suppressed
           the
           Dardanians
           and
           Thessalians
           ,
           insulting
           at
           the
           death
           of
           King
           Demetrius
           ;
           and
           at
           last
           ,
           how
           he
           not
           only
           defended
           ,
           but
           increased
           the
           dignity
           of
           the
           Lacedemonians
           ,
           of
           which
           since
           they
           did
           repent
           ,
           he
           d●d
           lay
           down
           his
           command
           ,
           and
           did
           return
           them
           their
           own
           gift
           ,
           because
           they
           demanded
           a
           King
           over
           whom
           they
           might
           command
           .
        
         
           The
           people
           hearing
           this
           ,
           were
           rebuked
           by
           their
           own
           shame
           ,
           and
           commanded
           him
           ro
           receive
           again
           the
           soveraignty
           of
           Command
           ,
           which
           he
           refused
           untill
           the
           Authors
           of
           the
           sedition
           were
           delivered
           to
           him
           to
           be
           punished
           .
        
         
           After
           this
           he
           made
           war
           upon
           the
           Lacedemonians
           ,
           who
           alone
           in
           the
           Wars
           of
           Philip
           and
           Alexander
           ,
           despised
           the
           command
           of
           the
           Macedons
           ,
           and
           the
           Arms
           which
           were
           feared
           by
           all
           the
           world
           .
           Betwixt
           these
           two
           renowned
           Nations
           the
           War
           was
           carried
           on
           on
           both
           sides
           with
           the
           greatest
           resolutions
           :
           Those
           fighting
           for
           the
           ancient
           glory
           of
           the
           Macedons
           ,
           and
           the
           others
           not
           only
           for
           their
           unstained
           liberty
           ,
           but
           for
           their
           certain
           safety
           .
        
         
           The
           Lacedemonians
           being
           overcome
           ,
           not
           themselves
           only
           ,
           but
           their
           wives
           and
           children
           sustained
           their
           misfortune
           with
           them
           ,
           with
           an
           invincible
           courage
           .
           In
           the
           Battel
           not
           any
           one
           
           of
           the
           men
           was
           indulgent
           to
           his
           own
           safety
           ,
           nor
           any
           one
           of
           the
           women
           did
           afterwards
           bewail
           her
           lost
           husband
           :
           The
           old
           men
           extolled
           the
           honourable
           death
           of
           their
           sons
           ,
           and
           the
           daughters
           did
           gratulate
           their
           Fathers
           slain
           in
           the
           field
           .
           They
           all
           lamented
           their
           own
           condition
           ,
           that
           they
           died
           not
           themselves
           for
           the
           liberty
           of
           their
           Country
           .
           The
           Parents
           did
           receive
           into
           their
           houses
           all
           that
           were
           wounded
           ,
           they
           comforted
           the
           sick
           ,
           and
           refreshed
           all
           the
           weak
           and
           the
           weary
           .
           In
           so
           great
           an
           overthrow
           there
           was
           no
           complaint
           in
           the
           City
           ,
           no
           sign
           of
           fear
           at
           all
           ;
           they
           all
           lamented
           rather
           their
           publick
           then
           their
           private
           fortunes
           :
           presently
           upon
           this
           Cleomenes
           their
           King
           (
           after
           a
           great
           slaughter
           of
           his
           enemies
           )
           being
           covered
           with
           his
           own
           blood
           ,
           and
           with
           the
           blood
           of
           his
           Enemies
           ,
           retreated
           to
           the
           City
           ,
           and
           having
           entred
           into
           it
           ,
           he
           fate
           not
           down
           to
           demand
           either
           meat
           or
           drink
           ,
           nor
           eased
           himself
           by
           putting
           off
           the
           burden
           of
           his
           Armour
           ,
           but
           leaning
           against
           the
           wall
           ,
           when
           he
           beheld
           that
           there
           were
           but
           four
           thousand
           left
           of
           all
           his
           Army
           ,
           he
           exhorted
           them
           to
           reserve
           themselves
           to
           a
           better
           opportunity
           to
           do
           their
           Country
           service
           ;
           and
           taking
           his
           wife
           and
           children
           with
           him
           ,
           he
           departed
           to
           Ptolomy
           in
           Egypt
           ,
           by
           whom
           he
           was
           for
           a
           long
           time
           honourably
           entertained
           ,
           and
           lived
           in
           the
           height
           of
           regal
           Majestie
           :
           And
           at
           last
           
           after
           the
           death
           of
           Ptolomy
           ,
           he
           and
           all
           his
           Family
           were
           slain
           by
           his
           son
           .
           But
           Antigonus
           (
           the
           Lacedemonians
           being
           utterly
           overthrown
           )
           did
           lament
           the
           fortune
           of
           so
           great
           a
           City
           ,
           and
           strictly
           did
           inhibit
           his
           Souldiers
           to
           plunder
           ;
           and
           moreover
           gave
           a
           free
           pardon
           to
           those
           who
           remained
           alive
           ,
           alledging
           that
           he
           made
           War
           not
           with
           the
           Lacedemonians
           ,
           but
           with
           Cleomenes
           in
           whose
           flight
           all
           his
           anger
           was
           appeased
           ;
           and
           it
           was
           more
           for
           his
           own
           glory
           that
           Lacedemon
           was
           preserved
           by
           himself
           ,
           then
           if
           it
           were
           taken
           and
           plundered
           by
           his
           forces
           .
           He
           therefore
           spared
           the
           City
           and
           the
           foundation
           of
           the
           walls
           because
           there
           were
           no
           men
           left
           to
           whom
           he
           might
           shew
           indulgence
           .
           Not
           long
           after
           he
           died
           himself
           ,
           and
           left
           his
           Kingdom
           to
           his
           Son
           Philip
           ,
           being
           above
           fourteen
           years
           of
           Age.
           
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           Nine
           and
           twentieth
           BOOK
           OF
           IVSTINE
           .
        
         
           MUch
           about
           the
           same
           time
           ,
           the
           soveraign
           Commands
           of
           the
           whole
           world
           did
           suffer
           a
           change
           by
           the
           succession
           of
           new
           Kings
           ;
           for
           Antigonus
           ,
           the
           Tutor
           of
           Philip
           being
           dead
           ,
           Philip
           raigned
           afterwards
           fourteen
           years
           in
           Macedonia
           ,
           and
           Seleucus
           being
           in
           
             Asia
             ,
             Antiochus
          
           was
           made
           King
           both
           of
           it
           and
           Syria
           before
           he
           was
           fifteen
           yeers
           of
           age
           :
           The
           Kingdom
           of
           Cappadocia
           was
           delivered
           by
           his
           Father
           to
           the
           child
           
             Ariathres
             .
             Ptolomy
          
           possessed
           himself
           of
           Egypt
           having
           slain
           his
           father
           and
           mother
           ,
           and
           for
           this
           parricidial
           guilt
           was
           surnamed
           
             The
             Lover
             of
             his
             Father
             the
             clean
             contrary
             way
             .
          
           The
           Lacedemonians
           constituted
           
           Lycurgus
           to
           be
           their
           King
           in
           the
           place
           of
           Cleomenes
           .
           And
           that
           in
           no
           place
           there
           should
           a
           change
           be
           wanting
           ,
           Hannibal
           ,
           being
           not
           yet
           of
           Age
           ,
           was
           chosen
           General
           of
           the
           Carthaginians
           ;
           not
           for
           the
           want
           of
           Commanders
           ,
           but
           for
           his
           hatred
           to
           the
           Romans
           ,
           which
           arose
           up
           from
           his
           childhood
           with
           him
           :
           A
           fatal
           disease
           he
           was
           not
           only
           to
           the
           Romans
           ,
           but
           to
           Africa
           it self
           .
           These
           boys
           being
           kings
           ,
           although
           there
           were
           no
           Governours
           of
           a
           greater
           age
           ,
           yet
           every
           one
           of
           them
           being
           intent
           to
           follow
           the
           traces
           of
           their
           Predecessors
           ,
           there
           shined
           forth
           a
           growing
           light
           of
           honour
           in
           them
           all
           .
           Only
           Ptolomy
           as
           he
           was
           nefarious
           in
           gaining
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           so
           he
           was
           slothfull
           in
           the
           administration
           of
           the
           government
           of
           it
           .
           The
           Dardanians
           ,
           and
           other
           neighbouring
           Nations
           ,
           who
           carried
           an
           inveterate
           and
           a
           deadly
           hatred
           to
           the
           Kings
           of
           Macedonia
           ,
           in
           the
           contempt
           of
           this
           young
           mans
           age
           ,
           did
           daily
           provoke
           him
           .
           On
           the
           other
           side
           ,
           his
           enemies
           being
           round
           ,
           and
           he
           not
           contented
           only
           to
           defend
           his
           own
           Dominions
           ,
           desired
           to
           make
           War
           against
           the
           Aetolians
           ;
           and
           being
           full
           of
           the
           design
           ,
           Demetrius
           King
           of
           the
           Illyrians
           being
           lately
           overcome
           by
           Paul
           the
           Roman
           Consul
           ,
           did
           with
           an
           humble
           Petition
           address
           himself
           unto
           him
           ,
           complaining
           of
           the
           injury
           of
           the
           Romans
           ,
           who
           were
           not
           contented
           with
           the
           bounds
           of
           Italy
           ,
           but
           in
           an
           aspiring
           
           hope
           ,
           promising
           to
           themselves
           the
           Empire
           of
           all
           the
           World
           ,
           did
           make
           War
           upon
           all
           Nations
           .
           Thus
           they
           affected
           the
           soveraignty
           of
           
             Sicily
             ,
             Sardinia
          
           and
           Spain
           ,
           and
           greedy
           after
           Africa
           made
           VVar
           with
           the
           Carthaginians
           ,
           and
           with
           Hannibal
           himself
           .
           They
           also
           he
           said
           brought
           a
           war
           upon
           himself
           for
           no
           other
           cause
           ,
           but
           that
           he
           was
           a
           neighbour
           unto
           Italy
           ;
           as
           if
           it
           were
           a
           trespass
           for
           any
           King
           to
           Reign
           neer
           the
           bounds
           of
           their
           Empire
           ;
           but
           above
           all
           things
           he
           was
           to
           be
           an
           example
           of
           Admonition
           ,
           whose
           Kingdom
           by
           how
           much
           it
           was
           more
           noble
           and
           more
           neer
           unto
           them
           ,
           by
           so
           much
           the
           Romans
           would
           be
           his
           more
           eager
           Enemies
           .
        
         
           He
           alledged
           that
           he
           would
           give
           a
           place
           to
           him
           in
           that
           Kingdom
           which
           the
           Romans
           had
           possessed
           ,
           it
           being
           more
           gracefull
           to
           him
           to
           see
           a
           friend
           and
           not
           an
           enemy
           to
           strive
           with
           him
           in
           the
           possession
           of
           the
           Soveraignty
           .
        
         
           VVith
           this
           speech
           he
           enforced
           Philip
           to
           forbear
           the
           Aetolians
           ,
           and
           to
           make
           VVar
           upon
           the
           Romans
           ,
           conceiving
           the
           business
           of
           the
           VVar
           to
           be
           the
           less
           ,
           because
           he
           understood
           that
           they
           had
           been
           already
           beaten
           by
           Hannibal
           at
           the
           lake
           of
           Thrasimen
           .
           Therefore
           at
           the
           same
           time
           that
           he
           might
           not
           be
           infested
           with
           mutual
           War
           ,
           he
           made
           peace
           with
           the
           Aetolians
           ,
           not
           that
           he
           desired
           to
           translate
           the
           War
           into
           another
           place
           ,
           but
           that
           he
           would
           
           take
           care
           for
           the
           safety
           of
           Greece
           ,
           which
           he
           affirmed
           was
           never
           in
           a
           greater
           danger
           .
           For
           the
           Empires
           of
           the
           Carthaginians
           and
           of
           the
           Romans
           growing
           up
           to
           a
           great
           height
           in
           the
           West
           ,
           to
           whom
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Macedonia
           was
           only
           a
           delay
           from
           being
           Masters
           of
           Greece
           and
           Asia
           (
           they
           having
           tryed
           amongst
           themselves
           for
           the
           superiority
           )
           the
           Conquerour
           would
           suddenly
           invade
           the
           East
           .
        
         
           He
           said
           ,
           he
           beheld
           the
           cloud
           of
           that
           fierce
           and
           cruel
           War
           arising
           in
           Italy
           ,
           and
           the
           storms
           already
           thundring
           and
           lightning
           from
           the
           West
           ,
           which
           into
           whatsoever
           parts
           of
           the
           world
           the
           Tempest
           of
           the
           Victory
           should
           drive
           ,
           it
           would
           pollute
           all
           things
           with
           a
           crimson
           shower
           of
           blood
           .
        
         
           Greece
           indeed
           he
           said
           had
           oftentimes
           indured
           vast
           motions
           of
           the
           Persians
           ,
           sometimes
           of
           the
           Gauls
           ,
           sometimes
           of
           the
           Macedons
           ,
           but
           all
           this
           would
           appear
           no
           more
           then
           a
           sport
           ,
           if
           that
           Army
           of
           the
           Romans
           which
           was
           now
           in
           Italy
           should
           pour
           it self
           into
           another
           Land.
           
        
         
           He
           beheld
           what
           cruel
           and
           bloody
           Wars
           both
           the
           Nations
           of
           the
           Romans
           and
           Carthaginians
           amongst
           themselves
           did
           make
           ,
           being
           equal
           in
           the
           strength
           of
           their
           forces
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           conduct
           of
           their
           Generals
           ,
           which
           enmity
           could
           never
           be
           concluded
           with
           the
           destruction
           of
           one
           of
           the
           parties
           only
           ,
           without
           the
           ruine
           of
           their
           neighbours
           .
        
         
         
           It
           was
           true
           indeed
           ,
           that
           the
           fierce
           minds
           of
           the
           Conquerours
           were
           less
           to
           be
           feared
           by
           the
           Macedonians
           then
           by
           the
           Grecians
           ;
           for
           they
           were
           more
           remote
           in
           their
           situation
           ,
           and
           more
           strong
           in
           their
           power
           to
           exercise
           their
           revenge
           howsoever
           ;
           he
           was
           confident
           moreover
           that
           those
           who
           now
           fought
           in
           Italy
           with
           so
           much
           might
           ,
           would
           not
           content
           themselves
           with
           that
           victory
           ,
           and
           they
           ought
           even
           in
           Macedonia
           to
           fear
           the
           approach
           of
           the
           Conquerors
           .
        
         
           With
           this
           pretence
           the
           War
           being
           ended
           with
           the
           
             Aetolians
             ,
             Philip
          
           minding
           nothing
           more
           then
           the
           Wars
           against
           the
           Romans
           and
           Carthaginians
           ,
           did
           weigh
           with
           himself
           the
           strength
           of
           both
           Armies
           .
           And
           the
           Romans
           themselves
           who
           were
           deeply
           engaged
           in
           the
           War
           with
           Hannibal
           ,
           were
           not
           free
           from
           the
           fear
           of
           the
           Macedons
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           ancient
           valour
           of
           the
           Macedons
           ,
           and
           the
           glory
           of
           the
           conquered
           East
           ;
           &
           yong
           Philip
           being
           industrious
           &
           prompt
           to
           the
           War
           ,
           &
           withall
           inflamed
           with
           an
           emulation
           to
           tread
           in
           the
           victorious
           steps
           of
           Alexander
           ,
           did
           strike
           a
           new
           terrour
           into
           them
           .
        
         
           Therefore
           Philip
           when
           he
           found
           that
           the
           Romans
           were
           overcome
           again
           by
           the
           Carthaginians
           in
           a
           second
           Battel
           ,
           professing
           himself
           to
           be
           an
           Enemy
           openly
           to
           the
           Romans
           ,
           he
           did
           begin
           to
           build
           ships
           to
           transport
           his
           Army
           into
           Italy
           .
           He
           sent
           afterwards
           an
           Ambassador
           to
           Hannibal
           with
           Letters
           ,
           to
           enter
           into
           a
           League
           with
           
           him
           who
           being
           apprehended
           by
           the
           Romans
           ,
           and
           brought
           unto
           the
           Senate
           ,
           was
           dismissed
           without
           any
           prejudice
           ,
           not
           in
           honour
           to
           the
           King
           ,
           but
           that
           being
           yet
           but
           doubtfull
           they
           might
           not
           make
           him
           an
           undoubted
           Enemy
           .
           When
           it
           was
           afterwards
           declared
           to
           the
           Romans
           ,
           that
           Philip
           would
           pass
           his
           forces
           into
           Italy
           ,
           they
           sent
           Levinus
           the
           Praetor
           with
           a
           Fleet
           well
           equipaged
           to
           hinder
           him
           in
           his
           passage
           ,
           who
           when
           he
           arrived
           in
           Greece
           ,
           he
           inforced
           the
           Aetolians
           with
           many
           promises
           to
           undertake
           a
           War
           against
           Philip.
           
        
         
           At
           the
           same
           time
           also
           Philip
           did
           sollicite
           the
           Aetolians
           to
           make
           War
           against
           the
           Romans
           .
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           the
           Dardinians
           began
           to
           make
           spoil
           on
           the
           borders
           of
           Macedonia
           ,
           and
           having
           taken
           thence
           twenty
           thousand
           Captives
           ,
           they
           called
           back
           Philip
           from
           the
           Roman
           War
           to
           defend
           his
           own
           Kingdom
           .
           Whiles
           these
           things
           were
           thus
           in
           action
           ,
           the
           Praetor
           Levinus
           having
           entred
           into
           a
           League
           with
           King
           Attalus
           did
           plunder
           Greece
           ,
           with
           which
           the
           Cities
           being
           dismayed
           they
           wearied
           Philip
           with
           their
           Embasseys
           desiring
           aid
           of
           him
           ;
           and
           the
           Kings
           of
           Illyria
           also
           with
           their
           daily
           supplications
           did
           importune
           him
           to
           perform
           his
           promise
           :
           but
           aboveall
           ,
           the
           plundred
           Macedons
           desired
           revenge
           .
           He
           being
           besieged
           with
           so
           great
           and
           so
           many
           difficulties
           did
           deliberate
           with
           himself
           what
           War
           he
           should
           first
           undertake
           ,
           and
           promised
           
           unto
           all
           ,
           that
           he
           suddenly
           would
           send
           ayd
           unto
           them
           ,
           not
           that
           he
           was
           able
           to
           perform
           what
           he
           promised
           ,
           but
           that
           having
           filled
           them
           with
           hope
           ,
           he
           might
           still
           keep
           them
           obliged
           in
           the
           Indentures
           of
           their
           association
           .
           His
           first
           expedition
           was
           against
           the
           Dardanians
           ,
           who
           attending
           to
           make
           an
           advantage
           of
           his
           absence
           did
           threaten
           to
           fall
           upon
           Macedonia
           with
           a
           greater
           weight
           of
           War.
           He
           made
           Peace
           also
           with
           the
           Romans
           ,
           being
           content
           that
           they
           had
           deferred
           the
           Macedonian
           War.
           He
           had
           a
           design
           upon
           Philopemenes
           General
           of
           the
           Achaeans
           ,
           who
           (
           as
           he
           had
           heard
           )
           did
           privately
           sollicite
           the
           Romans
           ,
           and
           the
           tempers
           of
           their
           associates
           ,
           which
           being
           known
           and
           avoided
           ,
           he
           by
           his
           authority
           commanded
           the
           Achaeans
           to
           depart
           from
           his
           service
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           Thirtyeth
           BOOK
           OF
           IVSTINE
           .
        
         
           PHilip
           being
           intent
           on
           great
           atchivements
           in
           Macedonia
           ,
           the
           manners
           of
           Ptolomy
           in
           Aegypt
           were
           far
           different
           from
           him
           ;
           for
           the
           Kingdom
           being
           obtained
           with
           the
           Parricide
           both
           of
           Father
           and
           Mother
           ,
           and
           the
           slaughter
           of
           his
           Brother
           being
           added
           to
           the
           murder
           of
           his
           Parents
           ,
           as
           if
           he
           had
           done
           very
           bravely
           in
           it
           ,
           he
           afterwards
           delivered
           up
           himself
           to
           luxury
           ,
           and
           the
           whole
           Country
           followed
           the
           dissolute
           manners
           of
           the
           King
           :
           Therefore
           not
           only
           his
           friends
           and
           Lieutenants
           ,
           but
           all
           the
           Army
           
           having
           left
           off
           the
           Arts
           of
           War
           ,
           were
           corrupted
           with
           the
           looseness
           of
           the
           Court
           ,
           and
           became
           unarmed
           by
           sloth
           and
           riot
           .
           Which
           being
           understood
           ,
           Antiochus
           the
           King
           of
           Syria
           (
           the
           antient
           hatred
           betwixt
           both
           Kingdoms
           exciting
           him
           )
           in
           a
           sudden
           War
           did
           possess
           himself
           of
           many
           of
           his
           Cities
           ,
           and
           did
           invade
           Egypt
           it self
           .
           On
           this
           ,
           Ptolomy
           was
           surprized
           with
           fear
           ,
           and
           by
           his
           Ambassadors
           desired
           Antiochus
           to
           forbear
           ,
           until
           he
           could
           get
           his
           Army
           in
           a
           readiness
           .
           And
           having
           drawn
           very
           considerable
           Forces
           from
           Greece
           ,
           he
           overcame
           Antiochus
           ,
           and
           had
           dispoyled
           him
           of
           his
           Kingdom
           if
           he
           had
           but
           a
           little
           helped
           Fortune
           and
           improved
           the
           advantage
           by
           his
           valour
           .
           But
           contented
           with
           the
           restauration
           of
           the
           Cities
           which
           he
           had
           lost
           ,
           and
           having
           made
           a
           Peace
           ,
           he
           greedily
           imbraced
           a
           Subject
           for
           sloth
           ,
           and
           being
           fallen
           into
           luxury
           ,
           having
           slain
           his
           wife
           Eurydice
           ,
           who
           was
           his
           own
           sister
           ,
           he
           was
           overcome
           by
           the
           allurements
           of
           Agathocle●
           the
           Harlot
           ,
           and
           forgetting
           the
           greatness
           of
           his
           Name
           and
           Majesty
           ,
           he
           wasted
           the
           nights
           in
           wantonness
           ,
           and
           the
           days
           in
           riot
           .
           Timbrels
           and
           Dances
           were
           added
           (
           the
           Instruments
           of
           Luxury
           )
           and
           he
           was
           not
           now
           looked
           upon
           as
           a
           King
           ,
           but
           as
           a
           professed
           Master
           of
           looseness
           ;
           he
           delighted
           himself
           with
           Minstrels
           and
           all
           the
           provocations
           of
           lust
           .
           This
           was
           the
           hidden
           disease
           ,
           and
           the
           sad
           symptomes
           of
           the
           falling
           
           Court.
           Licentiousness
           afterwards
           increasing
           ,
           the
           impudence
           of
           the
           incontinent
           woman
           could
           not
           be
           contained
           within
           the
           wals
           of
           the
           Palace
           ,
           whom
           the
           daily
           and
           intermingled
           pollutons
           of
           the
           King
           with
           her
           Brother
           Agathocles
           ,
           (
           a
           prostitute
           of
           an
           aspiring
           come●ness
           )
           did
           make
           more
           insolent
           .
           No
           little
           aggravation
           to
           this
           was
           the
           Mother
           Euanthe
           ,
           who
           held
           more
           fast
           the
           King
           inthralled
           with
           the
           allurements
           of
           both
           her
           children
           :
           Therefore
           being
           not
           contented
           to
           possess
           the
           King
           ,
           they
           did
           now
           also
           possess
           the
           Kingdom
           :
           Now
           they
           were
           seen
           in
           publick
           ,
           and
           saluted
           and
           attended
           .
           Agathocles
           the
           Prostitute
           being
           joined
           to
           the
           side
           of
           the
           King
           ,
           did
           govern
           the
           City
           ,
           and
           the
           women
           did
           dispose
           of
           the
           S●a●s
           of
           Judicature
           ,
           of
           Lieutenant-ships
           ,
           and
           places
           of
           Command
           ;
           neither
           was
           there
           any
           man
           of
           less
           power
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           then
           the
           King
           himself
           .
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           ,
           having
           left
           five
           sons
           by
           his
           sister
           Eurydice
           ,
           he
           died
           .
           Thus
           whiles
           the
           women
           seized
           upon
           his
           Exchequer
           ,
           and
           indeavoured
           to
           govern
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           by
           making
           a
           League
           with
           the
           deboystest
           and
           most
           dissolute
           persons
           ,
           the
           business
           was
           a
           long
           time
           concealed
           ;
           but
           it
           being
           discovered
           at
           last
           ,
           Agathocles
           was
           killed
           in
           the
           first
           place
           by
           the
           concourse
           of
           the
           multitude
           ,
           and
           the
           women
           (
           to
           revenge
           the
           death
           of
           Eurydice
           )
           were
           fastened
           upon
           crosses
           .
        
         
           The
           King
           being
           dead
           ,
           and
           the
           infamy
           of
           the
           
           Kingdom
           being
           as
           it
           were
           expiated
           by
           the
           punishment
           of
           the
           Harlots
           ,
           the
           Alexandrians
           did
           send
           their
           Ambassadors
           to
           Rome
           intreating
           them
           that
           they
           would
           undertake
           the
           Guardianship
           of
           the
           young
           Prince
           ,
           and
           protect
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Egypt
           which
           (
           they
           said
           )
           Philip
           and
           Antiochus
           having
           made
           a
           League
           together
           ,
           had
           divided
           amongst
           themselves
           .
           The
           Embassy
           was
           gratefull
           to
           the
           Romans
           at
           that
           time
           seeking
           an
           occasion
           to
           make
           War
           against
           Philip
           ,
           who
           lay
           in
           wait
           to
           entrap
           them
           in
           the
           time
           of
           the
           Carthaginian
           War.
           To
           this
           may
           be
           added
           ,
           that
           the
           Carthaginians
           and
           Hannibal
           being
           overcome
           ,
           the
           Romans
           feared
           the
           Arms
           of
           no
           man
           more
           ;
           Considering
           with
           themselves
           ,
           how
           great
           a
           commotion
           Pyrrhus
           with
           a
           few
           Bands
           of
           the
           Macedonians
           had
           made
           in
           Italy
           ,
           and
           what
           great
           atchievements
           they
           had
           performed
           in
           the
           East
           ;
           Ambassadors
           were
           therefore
           sent
           to
           require
           Philip
           and
           Antiochus
           to
           refrain
           from
           the
           Kingdoms
           of
           
             Egypt
             .
             Marcus
             Lepidus
          
           was
           also
           sent
           into
           Egypt
           to
           be
           protector
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           in
           the
           behalf
           of
           the
           young
           Prince
           .
           Whiles
           these
           things
           were
           in
           action
           ,
           the
           Ambassadors
           of
           Attalus
           King
           of
           Pergamus
           and
           of
           Rhodes
           did
           address
           themselves
           to
           Rome
           ,
           complaining
           of
           the
           injuries
           of
           King
           Philip
           ,
           which
           complaint
           took
           away
           all
           the
           delay
           of
           the
           War
           against
           Macedonia
           .
           Immediatly
           in
           pretence
           of
           bringing
           
           aid
           to
           their
           associates
           ,
           War
           was
           denounced
           against
           Philip
           ,
           and
           many
           Legions
           were
           sent
           with
           the
           Consul
           into
           Macedonia
           :
           And
           not
           long
           afterwards
           all
           Greece
           in
           confidence
           of
           the
           Romans
           success
           against
           Philip
           (
           being
           erected
           into
           a
           hope
           of
           their
           former
           liberty
           )
           did
           make
           VVar
           upon
           him
           ;
           so
           that
           the
           King
           being
           urged
           on
           every
           side
           was
           compelled
           to
           desire
           peace
           ,
           the
           conditions
           whereof
           when
           they
           were
           expounded
           by
           the
           Romans
           ,
           King
           Attalus
           began
           to
           redemand
           his
           priviledges
           ,
           the
           Rhodians
           demanded
           theirs
           ,
           the
           Achaeans
           and
           Aetolians
           theirs
           .
        
         
           On
           the
           other
           side
           Philip
           did
           grant
           that
           he
           could
           be
           induced
           to
           obey
           the
           Romans
           ,
           but
           it
           would
           be
           an
           unworthy
           part
           of
           him
           if
           he
           should
           condiscend
           that
           the
           Grecians
           being
           overcome
           by
           Philip
           and
           Alexander
           his
           Predecessors
           ,
           and
           brought
           under
           the
           yoke
           of
           the
           Macedonian
           Empire
           ,
           should
           like
           Conquerors
           impose
           Laws
           of
           peace
           on
           him
           ,
           who
           ought
           rather
           to
           give
           an
           account
           of
           their
           subje●●ion
           then
           lay
           a
           claim
           to
           liberty
           .
        
         
           At
           the
           last
           Philip
           being
           importunate
           ,
           a
           Truce
           was
           made
           for
           two
           moneths
           ,
           and
           the
           peace
           which
           could
           not
           be
           concluded
           in
           Macedonia
           ,
           was
           to
           be
           concluded
           on
           by
           the
           Senate
           at
           Rome
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           same
           year
           between
           the
           two
           Ilands
           of
           Theramenes
           and
           Therasia
           in
           the
           midst
           betwixt
           
           both
           banks
           and
           the
           Sea
           ,
           there
           was
           a
           great
           Earthquake
           .
           In
           which
           to
           the
           wonder
           of
           those
           who
           sailed
           by
           ,
           the
           waters
           growing
           suddenly
           hot
           ,
           there
           arose
           an
           Iland
           out
           of
           the
           Deeps
           :
           And
           on
           the
           same
           day
           an
           Earthquake
           in
           Asia
           did
           shake
           Rhodes
           and
           many
           other
           Cities
           ,
           and
           bringing
           a
           great
           ruine
           with
           in
           ,
           did
           wholly
           devour
           others
           .
           All
           men
           being
           affrighted
           at
           the
           prodigie
           ,
           the
           prophets
           presaged
           that
           the
           rising
           Empire
           of
           the
           Romans
           should
           devour
           the
           ancient
           one
           of
           the
           Greeks
           and
           Macedons
           .
           The
           Senate
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           having
           refused
           to
           make
           any
           Peace
           with
           Philip
           ,
           he
           sollicited
           the
           Tyrant
           Nabis
           into
           the
           society
           of
           the
           War
           ;
           and
           having
           brought
           his
           Army
           into
           the
           field
           ,
           and
           marshalled
           them
           to
           incounter
           their
           enemies
           who
           were
           prepared
           to
           receive
           them
           ,
           he
           did
           exhort
           them
           by
           declaring
           to
           them
           that
           the
           
             Persians
             ,
             Bactrians
          
           ,
           and
           the
           Indians
           ,
           and
           all
           Asia
           ,
           even
           to
           the
           end
           of
           the
           East
           was
           overcome
           by
           the
           Macedons
           ,
           and
           that
           this
           war
           ought
           so
           much
           the
           more
           couragiously
           to
           be
           sustained
           by
           them
           ,
           as
           Liberty
           is
           more
           noble
           then
           subjection
           .
        
         
           But
           Flaminius
           the
           Roman
           Consul
           did
           excite
           his
           Souldiers
           unto
           Battel
           by
           the
           Commemoration
           of
           their
           late
           Atchievements
           ,
           demonstrating
           that
           Carthage
           and
           Sicily
           on
           this
           side
           ,
           and
           that
           
             Italy
             &
             Spain
          
           on
           the
           other
           side
           were
           conquered
           by
           the
           Roman
           valour
           ;
           and
           that
           
           Hannibal
           was
           not
           to
           be
           ranked
           below
           Alexander
           the
           great
           ,
           who
           being
           beaten
           out
           of
           Italy
           ,
           they
           had
           subdued
           Africa
           it self
           ,
           the
           third
           part
           of
           the
           world
           .
           Moreover
           the
           Macedons
           were
           not
           to
           be
           esteemed
           according
           to
           their
           ancient
           fame
           ,
           but
           by
           their
           present
           strength
           ;
           for
           now
           they
           waged
           not
           war
           with
           Alexander
           the
           great
           ,
           whom
           perchance
           they
           heard
           to
           be
           invincible
           ,
           neirher
           with
           his
           Army
           who
           subdued
           the
           East
           ,
           but
           with
           Philip
           a
           boy
           not
           yet
           grown
           up
           to
           maturity
           of
           Age
           ,
           who
           hardly
           was
           able
           to
           maintain
           the
           bounds
           of
           his
           own
           Kingdom
           ;
           and
           with
           those
           Macedons
           who
           not
           long
           ago
           became
           a
           prey
           to
           the
           Dardanians
           .
           They
           did
           only
           boast
           of
           the
           honors
           of
           their
           Ancestors
           ,
           but
           the
           Romans
           were
           renowned
           for
           the
           present
           courage
           of
           their
           Souldiers
           ;
           for
           Hannibal
           ,
           and
           the
           Carthaginians
           ,
           and
           almost
           all
           the
           West
           were
           not
           overcome
           by
           any
           other
           Army
           but
           by
           those
           Souldiers
           who
           were
           then
           in
           the
           field
           with
           him
           .
           The
           Souldiers
           on
           both
           sides
           being
           stirred
           up
           with
           those
           exhortations
           ,
           they
           joyned
           in
           Battel
           ;
           the
           one
           glorying
           in
           the
           conquest
           of
           the
           East
           ,
           the
           other
           of
           the
           West
           ;
           these
           carrying
           into
           the
           fight
           the
           ancient
           and
           obsolete
           Honours
           of
           their
           Ancestors
           ,
           and
           the
           others
           the
           flower
           of
           their
           Chivalry
           ,
           flourishing
           in
           the
           height
           of
           the
           present
           examples
           .
           But
           the
           Roman
           fortune
           overcame
           the
           Macedonians
           :
           And
           Philip
           having
           lost
           the
           battel
           ,
           desired
           
           Peace
           of
           the
           Consul
           Flaminius
           ;
           which
           being
           obtained
           ,
           he
           preserved
           still
           the
           name
           of
           a
           King
           ,
           and
           all
           the
           Cities
           of
           Thrace
           being
           lost
           (
           as
           Members
           that
           had
           no
           interest
           in
           the
           ancient
           possession
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           )
           he
           onely
           reserved
           the
           title
           of
           King
           of
           Macedonia
           ;
           but
           the
           Aetolians
           being
           offended
           ,
           because
           Macedonia
           was
           not
           taken
           from
           the
           King
           ,
           and
           given
           to
           them
           for
           a
           reward
           of
           their
           service
           ,
           did
           send
           Ambassadors
           to
           Antiochus
           ,
           who
           by
           flattering
           him
           with
           his
           greatness
           ,
           did
           perswade
           him
           to
           make
           War
           with
           Rome
           ,
           promising
           him
           that
           all
           Greece
           would
           be
           ready
           to
           assist
           him
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           One
           and
           Thirtieth
           BOOK
           OF
           IVSTINE
           .
        
         
           PTolomy
           surnamed
           Philopater
           ,
           King
           of
           Egypt
           ,
           being
           dead
           ,
           the
           tender
           age
           of
           his
           Son
           ,
           who
           was
           left
           to
           inherit
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           being
           despised
           ,
           he
           became
           a
           prey
           to
           his
           own
           Subjects
           ;
           moreover
           ,
           Antiochus
           King
           of
           Syria
           had
           a
           design
           to
           dispossess
           him
           of
           Egypt
           ;
           Therefore
           when
           he
           had
           invaded
           Phaenicia
           ,
           and
           other
           Cities
           of
           Syria
           ,
           which
           belonged
           to
           the
           principality
           of
           Egypt
           ,
           the
           Senate
           of
           Rome
           did
           send
           Ambassadors
           to
           him
           to
           declare
           unto
           him
           that
           he
           
           should
           abstain
           from
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           the
           yong
           Prince
           ,
           which
           was
           bequeathed
           to
           their
           trust
           by
           the
           last
           Will
           of
           his
           Father
           .
           But
           these
           Ambassadors
           being
           neglected
           by
           Antiochus
           ,
           not
           long
           after
           there
           was
           sent
           from
           Rome
           another
           Ambassy
           ,
           who
           making
           no
           mention
           of
           their
           Ward
           at
           all
           ,
           commanded
           that
           the
           Cities
           (
           which
           by
           the
           right
           of
           War
           were
           under
           the
           People
           of
           Rome
           )
           should
           wholly
           be
           restored
           to
           them
           .
           Antiochus
           refusing
           it
           ,
           War
           was
           denounced
           against
           him
           ,
           which
           he
           as
           hastily
           did
           undertake
           as
           unfortunately
           he
           did
           manage
           .
           At
           the
           same
           time
           Nabis
           the
           Tyrant
           did
           seize
           upon
           many
           Cities
           of
           Greece
           .
           Whereupon
           the
           Senate
           (
           that
           the
           Roman
           forces
           should
           not
           at
           the
           same
           time
           be
           detained
           in
           a
           double
           War
           )
           did
           write
           unto
           Flaminius
           ,
           that
           if
           he
           thought
           good
           ,
           he
           should
           first
           free
           Greece
           from
           Nabis
           as
           he
           had
           delivered
           Macedonia
           from
           Philip.
           For
           this
           cause
           his
           Commission
           was
           prolonged
           .
           The
           name
           of
           Hannibal
           did
           also
           make
           the
           war
           of
           Antiochus
           more
           terrible
           ,
           against
           whom
           his
           adversaries
           (
           who
           envyed
           his
           name
           in
           Arms
           )
           did
           in
           private
           accusations
           complain
           unto
           the
           Romans
           that
           he
           had
           entred
           into
           a
           League
           with
           Antiochus
           ,
           alledging
           that
           he
           being
           accustomed
           to
           military
           Commands
           and
           the
           arbitrary
           power
           of
           the
           sword
           ,
           would
           never
           be
           content
           to
           live
           under
           Laws
           ,
           and
           that
           he
           being
           weary
           of
           the
           peace
           of
           the
           City
           ,
           would
           be
           always
           
           looking
           after
           new
           causes
           of
           War
           ,
           which
           accusations
           ,
           although
           they
           were
           falsly
           reported
           ,
           yet
           amongst
           the
           fearfull
           they
           passed
           for
           truth
           .
           The
           Senate
           being
           surprised
           with
           the
           fear
           of
           him
           ,
           did
           send
           Servilius
           Ambassador
           into
           Africa
           to
           discover
           his
           Designs
           ,
           and
           gave
           him
           private
           Instructions
           ,
           that
           if
           possibly
           he
           could
           ,
           he
           might
           kill
           him
           by
           his
           emulators
           ,
           and
           free
           the
           Roman
           people
           from
           the
           fear
           of
           so
           hated
           a
           Name
           .
           But
           Hannibal
           was
           not
           long
           ignorant
           of
           the
           design
           ,
           being
           a
           man
           experienced
           both
           to
           foresee
           and
           to
           prevent
           dangers
           ,
           and
           preparing
           for
           adverse
           fortune
           in
           prosperity
           ,
           as
           thinking
           of
           prosperous
           fortune
           in
           adversity
           .
           Therefore
           after
           he
           had
           the
           whole
           day
           presented
           himself
           in
           publick
           before
           the
           face
           of
           the
           Senate
           of
           Carthage
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           Roman
           Ambassador
           ,
           the
           evening
           approaching
           ,
           he
           took
           horse
           and
           repaired
           to
           his
           Country-house
           ,
           which
           he
           had
           near
           to
           the
           Sea-Coast
           ,
           his
           servants
           not
           knowing
           of
           it
           ;
           and
           being
           commanded
           to
           attend
           him
           at
           the
           gate
           of
           the
           City
           .
           He
           had
           there
           ships
           with
           Marriners
           in
           a
           readiness
           ,
           which
           lay
           hid
           in
           a
           Creek
           ,
           and
           vast
           sums
           of
           money
           ,
           that
           when
           occasion
           required
           ,
           neither
           want
           nor
           inconveniency
           should
           delay
           him
           .
           With
           the
           choisest
           youth
           of
           his
           Servants
           ,
           whose
           number
           the
           prisoners
           which
           he
           had
           taken
           in
           Italy
           did
           increase
           ,
           he
           imbarked
           himself
           ,
           and
           directed
           his
           course
           to
           Antiochus
           .
           On
           the
           next
           
           morning
           the
           City
           expected
           their
           Commander
           in
           chief
           ,
           and
           at
           that
           time
           Consul
           ,
           in
           the
           place
           of
           publick
           Assembly
           ,
           whom
           when
           they
           found
           to
           be
           departed
           ,
           they
           were
           possessed
           with
           as
           great
           a
           fear
           ,
           as
           if
           the
           City
           it self
           had
           bin
           taken
           .
           And
           the
           Roman
           Ambassador
           ,
           as
           if
           a
           new
           War
           already
           was
           brought
           by
           Hannibal
           upon
           Italy
           ,
           returned
           in
           a
           private
           silence
           unto
           Rome
           ,
           and
           brought
           along
           with
           him
           the
           melancholy
           tidings
           .
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           Flaminius
           (
           having
           with
           him
           some
           of
           the
           associated
           Cities
           of
           Greece
           )
           did
           in
           two
           battels
           overcome
           Nabys
           the
           tyrant
           ,
           and
           left
           him
           ,
           as
           it
           were
           ,
           unnerv'd
           and
           fainting
           in
           his
           Kingdom
           :
           But
           liberty
           being
           restored
           to
           Greece
           ,
           and
           the
           Garrisons
           drawn
           off
           from
           the
           Cities
           ,
           when
           the
           Roman
           Army
           was
           commanded
           back
           into
           
             Italy
             ,
             Nabys
          
           being
           incensed
           at
           the
           nothingness
           of
           his
           empty
           fortunes
           ,
           did
           in
           a
           sudden
           War
           invade
           again
           many
           of
           the
           Cities
           ,
           with
           which
           the
           Achaians
           being
           affrighted
           (
           that
           the
           neighbouring
           Evil
           might
           not
           creep
           unto
           them
           )
           they
           constituted
           their
           Praetor
           Philopemenes
           to
           be
           their
           General
           ,
           a
           man
           of
           admirable
           industry
           ,
           whose
           courage
           ,
           and
           whose
           conduct
           in
           that
           War
           was
           so
           apparent
           ,
           that
           in
           the
           Judgement
           of
           all
           he
           might
           be
           compared
           to
           Flaminius
           the
           Roman
           General
           .
        
         
           At
           the
           same
           time
           Hannibal
           came
           to
           Antiochus
           ,
           and
           was
           received
           as
           a
           gift
           from
           the
           gods
           ,
           
           and
           by
           his
           arrival
           the
           King
           was
           possessed
           with
           so
           great
           a
           heat
           of
           resolution
           ,
           that
           he
           thought
           not
           so
           much
           on
           the
           war
           it self
           as
           on
           the
           rewards
           of
           the
           victory
           .
           But
           Hannibal
           who
           had
           experience
           of
           the
           Roman
           valour
           ,
           affirmed
           that
           the
           Romans
           could
           not
           be
           suppressed
           but
           in
           Italy
           it self
           .
           For
           the
           performance
           of
           which
           service
           he
           desired
           one
           hundred
           ships
           ,
           ten
           thousand
           foot
           ,
           and
           one
           thousand
           horse
           ,
           promising
           with
           those
           unconsiderable
           forces
           to
           make
           as
           great
           a
           War
           in
           Italy
           as
           he
           did
           ever
           heretofore
           ,
           and
           bring
           unto
           the
           King
           sitting
           in
           his
           throne
           in
           Asia
           ,
           either
           a
           victory
           over
           the
           Romans
           ,
           or
           the
           equal
           conditions
           of
           a
           peace
           ;
           for
           he
           said
           ,
           that
           there
           was
           wanting
           only
           a
           General
           to
           the
           Spaniards
           inflamed
           with
           a
           desire
           to
           commence
           the
           War
           against
           the
           Romans
           ;
           and
           Italy
           moreover
           was
           now
           more
           known
           unto
           him
           then
           heretofore
           ;
           neither
           would
           Carthage
           be
           quiet
           ,
           but
           without
           delay
           would
           send
           Auxiliaries
           to
           him
           .
           These
           counsels
           being
           acceptable
           to
           the
           King
           ,
           one
           of
           the
           Confidents
           of
           Hannibal
           was
           sent
           to
           Carthage
           to
           exhort
           them
           to
           the
           War
           ,
           being
           too
           covetous
           of
           it
           ,
           before
           he
           represented
           to
           them
           that
           Hannibal
           would
           immediately
           be
           present
           with
           his
           forces
           ,
           and
           did
           not
           communicate
           to
           either
           of
           the
           Factions
           any
           thing
           at
           all
           ,
           but
           only
           that
           nothing
           was
           wanting
           to
           carry
           on
           this
           War
           but
           the
           resolutions
           of
           the
           Carthaginians
           ;
           for
           
           Asia
           would
           defray
           the
           charges
           ,
           and
           lend
           them
           men
           enough
           for
           the
           War.
           When
           these
           things
           were
           reported
           to
           the
           Carthaginians
           ,
           the
           Messenger
           himself
           was
           apprehendrd
           by
           the
           Enemies
           of
           Hannibal
           ,
           and
           being
           brought
           into
           the
           Sentate
           (
           according
           to
           the
           subtilty
           of
           the
           Carthaginian
           wit
           )
           he
           made
           answer
           ,
           that
           he
           was
           sent
           to
           the
           whole
           Senate
           ;
           for
           his
           business
           did
           not
           belong
           to
           this
           man
           or
           that
           man
           in
           particular
           ,
           but
           did
           concern
           them
           altogether
           .
           Whiles
           they
           debated
           many
           days
           in
           the
           Senate
           to
           send
           him
           to
           Rome
           to
           purge
           the
           publick
           conscience
           ,
           he
           privately
           took
           shipping
           and
           returned
           to
           Hannibal
           ;
           which
           was
           no
           sooner
           discovered
           ,
           but
           the
           Carthaginians
           sent
           presently
           an
           Ambassador
           to
           Rome
           .
           The
           Romans
           also
           sent
           Ambassadors
           to
           Antiochus
           ,
           who
           under
           that
           pretence
           might
           discover
           the
           preparations
           of
           the
           King
           ,
           and
           either
           reconcile
           Hannibal
           to
           the
           Romans
           ,
           or
           by
           their
           daily
           conversation
           with
           him
           might
           render
           him
           suspected
           and
           hated
           by
           the
           King.
           The
           Ambassadors
           therefore
           when
           they
           came
           unto
           Antiochus
           at
           Ephesus
           ,
           they
           delivered
           to
           him
           the
           desires
           of
           the
           Senate
           ;
           and
           whiles
           they
           attended
           for
           an
           answer
           from
           him
           ,
           they
           missed
           not
           a
           day
           to
           give
           a
           visitation
           unto
           Hannibal
           ,
           and
           informed
           him
           that
           unadvisedly
           he
           departed
           from
           his
           Country
           when
           the
           Romans
           with
           great
           fidelity
           did
           observe
           the
           peace
           ,
           not
           made
           so
           much
           with
           
           the
           Commonwealth
           of
           Carthage
           ;
           as
           with
           himself
           ;
           for
           they
           found
           that
           he
           made
           War
           not
           so
           much
           out
           of
           any
           hatred
           that
           he
           did
           bear
           unto
           the
           Romans
           ,
           as
           for
           the
           love
           to
           his
           own
           Country
           ,
           to
           which
           the
           best
           of
           men
           do
           owe
           their
           lives
           .
           These
           they
           said
           were
           the
           publick
           causes
           of
           War
           amongst
           the
           People
           ,
           but
           not
           of
           private
           ones
           amongst
           Commanders
           .
           They
           afterwards
           began
           to
           extoll
           his
           atchievements
           ,
           by
           the
           discourse
           whereof
           he
           being
           delighted
           ,
           did
           more
           often
           and
           more
           greedily
           converse
           with
           the
           Ambassadors
           ,
           being
           ignorant
           that
           he
           should
           procure
           hatred
           with
           the
           King
           by
           his
           familiarity
           with
           the
           Romans
           :
           For
           Antiochus
           suspecting
           that
           he
           had
           reconciled
           himself
           to
           the
           Romans
           by
           his
           often
           discourse
           with
           them
           ,
           did
           refer
           nothing
           to
           him
           as
           heretofore
           he
           was
           accustomed
           ,
           nor
           made
           him
           partaker
           of
           any
           of
           his
           Councels
           ,
           but
           did
           begin
           to
           hate
           him
           as
           his
           Enemy
           and
           Betrayer
           :
           Thus
           suspition
           did
           corrupt
           all
           the
           preparations
           for
           the
           War
           ,
           there
           appearing
           no
           General
           in
           the
           field
           ,
           either
           to
           take
           the
           Musters
           ,
           or
           to
           exercise
           the
           Souldiers
           .
           The
           substance
           of
           the
           Roman
           Embassie
           to
           Antiochus
           was
           ,
           that
           he
           should
           be
           contented
           with
           the
           Borders
           and
           Frontiers
           of
           Asia
           ,
           and
           not
           impose
           upon
           the
           Romans
           a
           necessity
           to
           enter
           into
           Asia
           with
           an
           Army
           :
           which
           Message
           being
           despised
           by
           Antiochus
           ,
           he
           made
           answer
           that
           it
           became
           his
           Royalty
           
           and
           resolution
           not
           to
           attend
           a
           War
           ,
           but
           to
           give
           it
           .
           The
           Councel
           of
           VVar
           being
           often
           called
           afterwards
           ,
           and
           Hannibal
           never
           sitting
           amongst
           them
           ,
           Antiochus
           at
           last
           commanded
           that
           he
           should
           be
           summoned
           ,
           not
           that
           he
           should
           act
           any
           thing
           which
           he
           propounded
           ,
           but
           that
           he
           might
           not
           appear
           to
           have
           neglected
           him
           altogether
           ;
           and
           the
           Councel
           of
           every
           one
           being
           asked
           ,
           at
           the
           last
           he
           demanded
           his
           advice
           ,
           which
           being
           observed
           by
           Hannibal
           ,
           he
           professed
           that
           he
           sufficiently
           understood
           that
           he
           was
           called
           by
           him
           to
           the
           Councel
           of
           War
           ,
           not
           that
           he
           wanted
           advice
           ,
           but
           to
           fill
           up
           the
           number
           of
           the
           Sentences
           ;
           howsoever
           out
           of
           his
           inveterate
           hatred
           to
           the
           Romans
           ,
           and
           his
           love
           unto
           the
           King
           ,
           with
           whom
           alone
           he
           enjoyed
           a
           safe
           banishment
           ,
           he
           was
           resolved
           ,
           he
           said
           ,
           to
           declare
           unto
           him
           the
           best
           way
           of
           making
           War
           against
           the
           Romans
           .
           Desiring
           then
           to
           be
           excused
           for
           his
           boldness
           ,
           he
           professed
           that
           he
           approved
           not
           of
           any
           thing
           of
           the
           present
           Councels
           or
           Enterprises
           ,
           neither
           did
           it
           seem
           good
           in
           his
           Judgement
           that
           Greece
           should
           be
           the
           seat
           of
           the
           War
           ,
           when
           Italy
           afforded
           a
           far
           more
           plentifull
           subject
           for
           it
           .
           For
           the
           Romans
           ,
           he
           said
           ,
           could
           not
           be
           overcome
           but
           by
           their
           own
           Arms
           ,
           nor
           Italy
           be
           subdued
           but
           by
           the
           Italian
           Forces
           :
           for
           in
           them
           both
           the
           manner
           of
           the
           War
           and
           the
           People
           did
           differ
           much
           from
           other
           sorts
           of
           men
           .
           It
           was
           
           of
           great
           importance
           in
           other
           Wars
           to
           take
           the
           first
           advantages
           of
           place
           and
           time
           ,
           to
           lay
           waste
           the
           fields
           ,
           and
           to
           plunder
           the
           Cities
           of
           the
           Enemies
           ;
           but
           with
           a
           Roman
           ,
           if
           you
           first
           either
           plunder
           them
           of
           their
           goods
           ,
           or
           overcome
           them
           in
           Battel
           ,
           you
           must
           also
           wrestle
           and
           tug
           with
           them
           when
           they
           are
           subdued
           and
           lying
           on
           the
           ground
           .
           Wherefore
           if
           any
           shall
           provoke
           them
           in
           their
           own
           Country
           ,
           they
           may
           be
           overcome
           by
           their
           own
           wealth
           ,
           by
           their
           own
           strength
           ,
           and
           by
           their
           own
           Arms
           ,
           as
           he
           himself
           had
           done
           :
           But
           if
           any
           shall
           draw
           them
           out
           of
           
             Italy
             ▪
          
           which
           is
           the
           fountain
           of
           their
           strength
           ,
           he
           shall
           be
           as
           much
           deceived
           ,
           as
           he
           who
           would
           dry
           up
           the
           Rivers
           ,
           should
           attempt
           it
           not
           at
           the
           head
           of
           the
           Fountain
           ,
           but
           further
           off
           by
           some
           new
           works
           and
           dams
           which
           he
           should
           make
           .
        
         
           This
           he
           said
           was
           his
           Judgement
           ,
           which
           he
           had
           a
           long
           time
           reserved
           in
           private
           to
           himself
           ,
           and
           freely
           before
           did
           offer
           it
           unto
           them
           ,
           and
           did
           now
           again
           repeat
           it
           ,
           that
           they
           might
           all
           understand
           the
           way
           of
           making
           War
           with
           the
           Romans
           ,
           and
           that
           although
           invincible
           abroad
           ,
           they
           are
           easie
           to
           be
           conquered
           at
           home
           :
           For
           you
           may
           sooner
           ,
           said
           he
           ,
           deprive
           them
           of
           their
           City
           then
           their
           Empire
           ,
           and
           sooner
           dispoyl
           them
           of
           Italy
           then
           of
           the
           Provinces
           :
           they
           were
           taken
           by
           the
           Gauls
           ,
           and
           almost
           utterly
           overthrown
           by
           my self
           ;
           neither
           was
           I
           or
           my
           
           Army
           ever
           overcome
           untill
           we
           departed
           from
           them
           .
           But
           when
           we
           returned
           to
           Carthage
           ,
           the
           fortune
           of
           the
           War
           was
           suddenly
           changed
           with
           the
           place
           .
           The
           Friends
           of
           the
           King
           were
           the
           Contradictors
           of
           this
           Counsel
           ,
           not
           reflecting
           on
           the
           profit
           of
           it
           ,
           but
           fearing
           least
           his
           advice
           being
           approved
           ,
           he
           should
           have
           the
           first
           place
           of
           respect
           with
           the
           King.
           But
           Antiochus
           was
           not
           so
           much
           displeased
           with
           the
           Councel
           as
           with
           the
           Author
           ,
           and
           feared
           lest
           the
           glory
           of
           the
           Victory
           should
           be
           Hannibals
           and
           not
           his
           own
           ;
           all
           things
           therefore
           were
           corrupted
           with
           the
           various
           informations
           of
           the
           flatterers
           ;
           nothing
           was
           undertaken
           either
           according
           to
           Judgement
           or
           to
           Reason
           .
           The
           King
           himself
           being
           fallen
           into
           Luxury
           ,
           was
           given
           all
           the
           VVinter
           to
           new
           Marriages
           .
        
         
           On
           the
           other
           side
           ,
           Attilius
           the
           Roman
           Consul
           ,
           who
           was
           sent
           into
           this
           VVar
           ,
           did
           with
           elaborate
           ca●e
           and
           industry
           ,
           muster
           his
           Armies
           ,
           and
           provide
           Arms
           and
           other
           necessaries
           for
           the
           war
           ;
           he
           confirmed
           the
           associated
           Cities
           ,
           he
           allured
           the
           doubtfull
           ones
           ,
           the
           event
           of
           the
           war
           consisting
           in
           the
           preparations
           of
           either
           side
           .
           The
           King
           therefore
           beholding
           his
           men
           to
           give
           back
           at
           the
           first
           charge
           ,
           he
           brought
           no
           succor
           to
           them
           in
           distress
           ,
           but
           was
           the
           foremost
           in
           the
           flight
           ,
           and
           left
           his
           Tents
           full
           of
           Riches
           for
           the
           Conquerors
           ;
           and
           the
           Romans
           being
           
           intent
           on
           the
           plundring
           of
           them
           ,
           he
           fled
           into
           Asia
           ,
           where
           he
           began
           to
           repent
           of
           the
           Councel
           he
           neglected
           ,
           and
           having
           called
           back
           Hannibal
           ,
           he
           promised
           to
           act
           all
           things
           according
           to
           his
           counsell
           .
        
         
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           it
           was
           reported
           to
           him
           that
           
             Livius
             Menemus
          
           ,
           the
           Roman
           Admiral
           ,
           did
           approach
           ,
           being
           sent
           by
           the
           Senate
           with
           fourscore
           Brazen-beaked
           ships
           to
           make
           a
           war
           by
           Sea.
           Therefore
           ,
           before
           that
           his
           associated
           Cities
           should
           revolt
           to
           the
           Enemies
           ,
           he
           resolved
           to
           encounter
           with
           the
           Enemy
           by
           Sea
           ,
           hoping
           by
           a
           new
           Victory
           to
           abolish
           the
           Infamy
           of
           the
           overthrow
           lately
           received
           in
           Greece
           .
           The
           Navy
           being
           committed
           to
           the
           charge
           of
           Hannibal
           ,
           the
           Battel
           was
           fought
           .
           But
           neither
           were
           the
           Asian
           Souldiers
           comparable
           to
           the
           Romans
           ,
           nor
           their
           Ships
           to
           theirs
           ,
           which
           were
           armed
           with
           brass
           on
           their
           sterns
           ;
           howsoever
           the
           overthrow
           was
           the
           less
           by
           the
           policy
           of
           the
           General
           .
        
         
           The
           report
           of
           the
           Victory
           had
           not
           as
           yet
           arrived
           at
           Rome
           ,
           and
           the
           City
           was
           therefore
           in
           suspence
           concerning
           the
           creating
           of
           Consuls
           .
           But
           who
           could
           be
           a
           better
           Commander
           against
           
             Hannibal
             ▪
          
           then
           the
           brother
           of
           Africanus
           ,
           it
           being
           the
           business
           of
           the
           Scipio's
           to
           overcome
           the
           
             Carthaginians
             ?
             Lucius
             Scipio
          
           therefore
           was
           created
           Consul
           ,
           and
           his
           brother
           Africanus
           was
           given
           as
           Legate
           to
           him
           ,
           that
           Antiochus
           
           might
           understand
           that
           he
           placed
           not
           a
           greater
           confidence
           in
           conquered
           Hannibal
           ,
           then
           they
           did
           in
           the
           conquering
           Scipio's
           .
           The
           Scipio's
           being
           busie
           in
           the
           transporting
           of
           their
           Army
           into
           Asia
           ,
           it
           was
           reported
           to
           them
           that
           the
           War
           was
           everywhere
           already
           brought
           to
           a
           period
           ,
           and
           accordingly
           they
           found
           Antiochus
           overcome
           in
           a
           fight
           by
           Land
           ,
           and
           Hannibal
           in
           a
           fight
           by
           Sea.
           Therefore
           at
           their
           first
           arrival
           ,
           Antiochus
           sent
           Ambassadors
           to
           them
           to
           desire
           peace
           ,
           and
           as
           a
           peculiar
           gift
           to
           Africanus
           ,
           they
           brought
           him
           his
           Son
           ,
           whom
           Antiochus
           had
           taken
           ,
           as
           he
           was
           transporting
           himself
           in
           a
           small
           Bark
           into
           Asia
           .
           But
           Africanus
           returned
           answer
           ,
           that
           private
           benefit
           ought
           to
           be
           distinguished
           from
           publick
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           offices
           due
           unto
           him
           as
           a
           Father
           were
           of
           one
           Nature
           ,
           and
           the
           Offices
           due
           unto
           his
           Countrey
           were
           of
           another
           ,
           which
           ought
           to
           be
           preferred
           not
           only
           above
           children
           ,
           but
           also
           above
           life
           it self
           .
           Howsoever
           he
           declared
           ,
           that
           he
           very
           thankfully
           accepted
           the
           gift
           ,
           and
           out
           of
           his
           own
           Fortunes
           would
           answer
           the
           munificence
           of
           the
           King.
           As
           for
           that
           which
           belonged
           either
           to
           Peace
           or
           War
           ;
           he
           made
           answer
           ,
           that
           he
           could
           contribute
           nothing
           by
           way
           of
           thankfulness
           ,
           neither
           could
           he
           fall
           in
           any
           punctilio
           from
           the
           rights
           of
           his
           Countrey
           ;
           for
           his
           son
           being
           taken
           ,
           he
           never
           treated
           with
           the
           King
           concerning
           his
           ransom
           ,
           nor
           suffered
           the
           
           Senate
           to
           make
           mention
           of
           it
           ,
           but
           as
           it
           was
           worthy
           of
           the
           Majesty
           of
           his
           resolution
           ,
           he
           professed
           that
           he
           would
           recover
           him
           by
           arms
           .
           After
           this
           the
           Articles
           of
           the
           Agreement
           were
           drawn
           up
           ,
           That
           Asia
           should
           be
           surrendred
           to
           the
           Romans
           ,
           and
           Antiochus
           be
           contented
           only
           with
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Syria
           ;
           that
           he
           should
           deliver
           to
           the
           Romans
           all
           his
           Ships
           ,
           Prisoners
           and
           Renegadoes
           ,
           and
           give
           full
           satisfaction
           to
           the
           Romans
           for
           their
           Charges
           in
           the
           VVar.
           VVhich
           when
           it
           was
           reported
           to
           Antiochus
           ,
           he
           made
           answer
           ,
           that
           he
           was
           not
           so
           overcome
           as
           to
           be
           content
           to
           be
           dispoyled
           of
           his
           Kingdom
           ;
           and
           alledged
           ,
           that
           what
           the
           Romans
           had
           propounded
           to
           him
           ,
           were
           rather
           provocations
           to
           war
           then
           any
           inducements
           unto
           peace
           .
           Great
           preparations
           therefore
           were
           made
           for
           war
           on
           both
           sides
           ;
           the
           Romans
           having
           invaded
           Asia
           ,
           and
           entred
           into
           Ilium
           ,
           there
           was
           a
           mutual
           gratulation
           between
           the
           Inhabitants
           of
           Ilium
           and
           them
           ;
           the
           inhabitants
           of
           Ilium
           declared
           that
           Aeneas
           and
           other
           of
           their
           Captains
           proceeded
           from
           them
           ;
           and
           the
           Romans
           acknowledged
           that
           they
           received
           their
           Original
           of
           them
           .
           Such&●o
           general
           was
           the
           joy
           ,
           as
           after
           a
           long
           absence
           is
           accustomed
           to
           be
           seen
           betwixt
           Fathers
           and
           Children
           .
           It
           delighted
           the
           Inhabitants
           of
           
             Ilium
             ▪
          
           that
           their
           Nephews
           having
           overcome
           Africa
           and
           the
           VVest
           ,
           did
           challenge
           Asia
           as
           their
           Hereditary
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           they
           
           said
           the
           ruine
           of
           Troy
           was
           not
           to
           be
           lamented
           ,
           which
           was
           revived
           again
           in
           a
           happy
           race
           of
           such
           Noble
           successors
           .
           On
           the
           other
           side
           ,
           the
           Romans
           with
           an
           unsatisfied
           desire
           did
           behold
           the
           Houshold
           Gods
           ,
           and
           the
           Cradles
           of
           their
           Ancestors
           ,
           and
           the
           Temples
           and
           Images
           of
           the
           Gods.
           The
           Romans
           being
           departed
           from
           Ilium
           ,
           King
           Eumenes
           did
           march
           with
           Auxiliaries
           to
           them
           ;
           And
           not
           long
           after
           the
           Battel
           was
           fought
           with
           Antiochus
           ,
           when
           in
           the
           right
           wing
           a
           Roman
           Legion
           being
           beaten
           ,
           did
           fly
           back
           to
           the
           Camp
           with
           more
           disgrace
           then
           danger
           ;
           one
           of
           the
           Tribunes
           of
           the
           Souldiers
           ,
           
             Marcus
             Aemilius
          
           by
           name
           ,
           being
           left
           for
           the
           defence
           of
           the
           Camp
           ,
           commanded
           his
           Soldiers
           immediately
           to
           buckle
           on
           their
           Arms
           ,
           which
           being
           done
           ,
           he
           did
           lead
           them
           out
           of
           the
           works
           ,
           and
           with
           drawn
           swords
           did
           threaten
           those
           that
           fled
           back
           ,
           and
           declared
           that
           there
           should
           not
           a
           man
           of
           them
           be
           left
           alive
           ,
           unless
           they
           returned
           to
           the
           Battel
           ,
           and
           that
           their
           own
           Tents
           should
           be
           more
           fatall
           to
           them
           then
           their
           Enemies
           swords
           .
           The
           Legion
           being
           amazed
           at
           so
           great
           a
           danger
           ,
           the
           Soldiers
           Armed
           by
           the
           Tribune
           ,
           accompanying
           them
           ,
           they
           returned
           into
           the
           Battel
           ,
           and
           having
           made
           a
           great
           slaughter
           of
           their
           Enemies
           ,
           it
           was
           the
           beginning
           of
           the
           Victory
           .
           There
           were
           fifty
           thousand
           of
           the
           Enemies
           slain
           ,
           and
           eleven
           thousand
           taken
           .
           Antiochus
           again
           desiring
           peace
           ,
           there
           was
           
           nothing
           added
           to
           the
           former
           conditions
           .
           Africanus
           declared
           that
           the
           Romans
           did
           neither
           abate
           their
           courage
           being
           overcome
           ,
           neither
           grew
           they
           insolent
           with
           the
           success
           of
           Victory
           .
           They
           divided
           the
           Cities
           they
           had
           taken
           amongst
           their
           Associates
           ,
           judging
           glory
           more
           proper
           for
           the
           Romans
           then
           possessions
           ;
           For
           the
           glory
           of
           the
           Victory
           was
           to
           be
           owned
           by
           the
           Roman
           Name
           ,
           and
           the
           luxury
           of
           wealth
           was
           left
           to
           their
           Associates
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           Two
           and
           thirtieth
           BOOK
           OF
           IVSTINE
           .
        
         
           ANtiochus
           being
           overcome
           ,
           the
           Aetolians
           who
           inforced
           him
           to
           make
           wars
           against
           the
           Romans
           ,
           remained
           alone
           being
           unequal
           to
           them
           in
           strength
           ,
           and
           destitute
           of
           all
           help
           .
           And
           not
           long
           after
           being
           overcome
           ,
           they
           lost
           their
           liberty
           which
           they
           alone
           amongst
           so
           many
           Cities
           of
           Greece
           had
           preserved
           unviolate
           ,
           against
           the
           Dominations
           of
           the
           Lacedemonians
           and
           Athenians
           ;
           which
           condition
           was
           so
           much
           the
           more
           afflicting
           as
           
           it
           arrived
           the
           more
           late
           unto
           them
           :
           They
           computing
           with
           themselves
           those
           times
           ,
           in
           which
           with
           their
           own
           strength
           they
           resisted
           such
           numerous
           Forces
           of
           the
           Persians
           ,
           and
           those
           when
           in
           the
           Delphian
           war
           they
           brake
           the
           violence
           of
           the
           Gaules
           ,
           terrible
           both
           to
           Asia
           and
           Italy
           ;
           which
           glorious
           commemoration
           did
           the
           more
           increase
           the
           desire
           of
           their
           liberty
           .
           As
           these
           things
           were
           in
           action
           ,
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           there
           arose
           first
           a
           contention
           ,
           and
           afterwards
           a
           war
           betwixt
           the
           Messenians
           ,
           and
           Achaians
           ,
           concerning
           the
           honor
           of
           preheminence
           ,
           in
           which
           Philopemenes
           the
           Noble
           General
           of
           the
           Achaians
           was
           taken
           ,
           not
           that
           in
           the
           fight
           he
           spared
           his
           life
           ,
           but
           that
           as
           he
           called
           back
           his
           Soldiers
           to
           the
           Battel
           ,
           being
           thrown
           from
           his
           horse
           as
           he
           leaped
           a
           ditch
           ,
           he
           was
           invironned
           and
           oppressed
           by
           the
           multitude
           of
           his
           Enemies
           .
           As
           he
           lay
           on
           the
           ground
           ,
           the
           Messenians
           durst
           not
           kill
           him
           ,
           either
           through
           the
           fear
           of
           his
           courage
           ,
           or
           the
           consciousness
           of
           his
           dignity
           .
           Therefore
           as
           they
           had
           dispatched
           all
           the
           war
           in
           him
           alone
           ,
           they
           did
           lead
           him
           Captive
           round
           about
           Greece
           in
           the
           way
           of
           Triumph
           ,
           the
           People
           thronging
           in
           multitudes
           to
           behold
           him
           ,
           as
           if
           he
           was
           their
           own
           ,
           and
           not
           the
           General
           of
           their
           Enemies
           approached
           .
           Neither
           did
           ever
           the
           Achaians
           with
           a
           more
           greedy
           eye
           behold
           him
           being
           a
           Conqueror
           ,
           then
           the
           Messenians
           did
           now
           being
           conquered
           .
           Therefore
           they
           commanded
           
           him
           to
           be
           brought
           into
           the
           Theater
           ,
           that
           they
           might
           all
           have
           a
           full
           view
           of
           him
           ,
           whom
           every
           one
           conceived
           to
           be
           impossible
           to
           be
           taken
           .
           Being
           brought
           afterwards
           unto
           the
           Dungeon
           ,
           in
           the
           respect
           to
           his
           greatness
           ,
           they
           gave
           him
           poyson
           :
           which
           he
           took
           as
           cheerfully
           as
           if
           he
           had
           conquered
           death
           ,
           as
           he
           had
           heretofore
           his
           Enemies
           ;
           He
           demanded
           afterwards
           if
           his
           Lieutenant
           Generall
           Lycortal
           ,
           whom
           he
           knew
           to
           be
           second
           to
           him
           in
           the
           affairs
           of
           war
           ,
           had
           escaped
           ,
           and
           having
           understood
           that
           he
           was
           alive
           ,
           and
           in
           safety
           ,
           he
           said
           ,
           Then
           it
           goes
           not
           altogether
           so
           ill
           with
           the
           Achaians
           ;
           and
           speaking
           those
           words
           he
           died
           .
           Not
           long
           after
           the
           war
           being
           renewed
           ,
           the
           Messenians
           were
           overcome
           ,
           and
           they
           endured
           the
           punishment
           for
           the
           death
           of
           Philopemenes
           .
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           Antiochus
           King
           of
           Syria
           ,
           when
           he
           was
           oppressed
           by
           the
           Romans
           with
           too
           great
           a
           Tribute
           ,
           and
           groaned
           under
           the
           burden
           of
           it
           (
           either
           enforced
           by
           the
           want
           of
           money
           ,
           or
           sollicited
           by
           avarice
           ,
           by
           which
           under
           the
           pretence
           of
           a
           necessitated
           Tribute
           ,
           he
           hoped
           that
           he
           more
           excusedly
           should
           commit
           Sacriledge
           )
           having
           drawn
           an
           Army
           together
           ,
           did
           by
           night
           assault
           the
           Temple
           of
           
             Dindymaean
             Jove
          
           .
           Which
           being
           discovered
           ,
           he
           was
           slain
           with
           all
           his
           Army
           by
           a
           concourse
           of
           the
           Inhabitants
           .
           When
           many
           Cities
           of
           
           Greece
           ●ame
           to
           Rome
           to
           complain
           of
           the
           Injuries
           of
           
           Philip
           King
           of
           the
           Macedons
           ;
           And
           there
           was
           a
           great
           dispute
           in
           the
           Senate
           between
           Demetrius
           the
           Son
           of
           Philip
           ,
           whom
           his
           father
           had
           sent
           to
           satisfie
           the
           Senate
           ,
           and
           the
           Ambassadors
           of
           the
           Cities
           ;
           the
           young
           man
           being
           confused
           with
           the
           multitude
           of
           complaints
           made
           against
           his
           Father
           ,
           did
           on
           a
           suddain
           hold
           his
           peace
           ;
           The
           Senate
           being
           moved
           with
           his
           shamefastness
           (
           by
           which
           in
           a
           private
           condition
           he
           before
           endeered
           himself
           to
           all
           when
           he
           was
           an
           Hostage
           at
           Rome
           )
           did
           give
           him
           the
           cause
           :
           and
           thus
           Demetrius
           by
           his
           modesty
           obtained
           pardon
           for
           his
           Father
           ,
           not
           by
           the
           right
           or
           plea
           of
           defence
           ,
           but
           by
           the
           patronage
           of
           his
           modesty
           ,
           which
           was
           signified
           by
           the
           Decree
           of
           the
           Senate
           ,
           that
           it
           might
           appear
           that
           the
           King
           was
           not
           absolved
           ,
           but
           the
           Father
           rather
           was
           given
           to
           the
           Son
           ;
           Which
           procured
           to
           Demetrius
           not
           the
           grace
           of
           an
           Ambassador
           ,
           but
           the
           hatred
           of
           obtrectation
           .
           It
           pulled
           upon
           him
           the
           emulation
           and
           envy
           of
           his
           brother
           Philip
           ,
           and
           the
           cause
           of
           the
           pardon
           being
           known
           to
           his
           Father
           who
           was
           pardoned
           ,
           it
           became
           an
           offence
           ,
           Philip
           disdayning
           that
           the
           person
           of
           his
           Son
           was
           of
           more
           moment
           with
           the
           Senate
           then
           the
           Authority
           of
           the
           Father
           ,
           or
           the
           dignity
           of
           regall
           Majesty
           .
           Perseus
           therefore
           having
           observed
           the
           sickness
           of
           his
           Father
           ,
           did
           bring
           daily
           complaint
           unto
           him
           against
           Demetrius
           being
           absent
           ;
           and
           at
           first
           did
           cause
           him
           to
           be
           hated
           ,
           
           and
           afterwards
           to
           be
           suspected
           by
           him
           ;
           sometimes
           he
           did
           object
           against
           him
           the
           freindship
           of
           the
           Romans
           ,
           and
           sometimes
           treason
           against
           his
           Father
           .
           At
           the
           last
           he
           counterfeited
           that
           treacheries
           were
           prepared
           by
           him
           against
           his
           person
           to
           be
           put
           suddenly
           in
           Execution
           ,
           to
           the
           trial
           and
           proof
           whereof
           the
           Judges
           were
           sent
           for
           ,
           the
           suborned
           witnesses
           examined
           ,
           and
           the
           Charge
           was
           proved
           which
           was
           objected
           against
           him
           .
           By
           those
           unjust
           proceedings
           the
           Father
           being
           compelled
           to
           parricide
           ,
           did
           make
           sad
           all
           the
           Court
           with
           the
           execution
           of
           his
           Son.
           Demetrius
           being
           slain
           ,
           Perseus
           grew
           not
           more
           dutifull
           but
           more
           contumatious
           against
           his
           Father
           ,
           and
           carried
           himself
           not
           as
           an
           heir
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           but
           as
           the
           King
           himself
           ,
           with
           which
           Philip
           being
           offended
           ,
           did
           daily
           more
           impatiently
           lament
           the
           death
           of
           Demetrius
           :
           and
           suspecting
           that
           he
           was
           circumvented
           by
           the
           Treachery
           of
           Perseus
           ,
           he
           caused
           the
           witnesses
           and
           the
           Judges
           to
           be
           tormented
           ;
           And
           having
           by
           this
           means
           discovered
           the
           deceit
           ,
           he
           was
           no
           less
           afflicted
           with
           the
           wickedness
           of
           Perseus
           ,
           then
           with
           the
           innocent
           death
           of
           Demetrius
           ;
           which
           he
           was
           resolved
           to
           have
           revenged
           if
           he
           had
           not
           been
           prevented
           by
           death
           ;
           For
           not
           long
           after
           his
           disease
           encreasing
           by
           the
           Melancholy
           and
           perplexedness
           of
           his
           spirit
           ,
           he
           deceased
           ,
           having
           left
           great
           preparations
           of
           war
           against
           the
           Romans
           ,
           which
           Perseus
           afterwards
           
           employed
           ;
           For
           he
           enforced
           the
           Gaules
           ,
           called
           Scordisci
           ,
           to
           joyn
           in
           league
           with
           him
           ,
           and
           he
           had
           made
           a
           great
           war
           against
           the
           Romans
           if
           he
           had
           not
           died
           .
           For
           the
           Gaules
           ,
           the
           war
           against
           the
           Delphians
           being
           unfortunately
           mannaged
           ,
           in
           which
           they
           found
           the
           power
           of
           God
           to
           be
           more
           great
           and
           present
           then
           the
           power
           of
           their
           Enemies
           ,
           having
           lost
           Brennus
           their
           Generall
           ,
           some
           part
           of
           them
           did
           fly
           into
           Asia
           ,
           and
           some
           part
           did
           wander
           up
           and
           down
           in
           Thracia
           ;
           From
           whence
           in
           the
           same
           path
           in
           which
           they
           marched
           forth
           ,
           they
           returned
           to
           their
           antient
           Country
           .
           Of
           these
           a
           considerable
           number
           did
           sit
           down
           in
           the
           Confluent
           of
           the
           River
           Danubius
           ,
           and
           called
           themselves
           by
           the
           name
           of
           Scordisci
           .
           But
           the
           Tectosagi
           when
           they
           arrived
           at
           their
           antient
           Country
           of
           Tholouse
           ,
           were
           there
           visited
           by
           the
           Pestilence
           ,
           and
           recovered
           not
           their
           health
           untill
           being
           admonished
           by
           the
           answers
           of
           the
           Diviners
           ,
           they
           had
           drowned
           all
           their
           Gold
           and
           Silver
           which
           they
           had
           got
           by
           Sacriledge
           in
           the
           Lake
           of
           Tholouse
           ,
           all
           which
           Coepio
           the
           Roman
           Consul
           did
           a
           long
           time
           afterwards
           take
           away
           .
           There
           was
           in
           all
           one
           hundred
           and
           twenty
           thousand
           weight
           of
           Gold
           ,
           and
           five
           millions
           of
           Silver
           ,
           which
           Sacriledge
           was
           the
           cause
           afterwards
           of
           the
           destruction
           of
           Coepio
           and
           all
           his
           Army
           .
        
         
           The
           tumult
           also
           of
           the
           Cambrian
           war
           did
           follow
           the
           Romans
           ,
           as
           the
           revenge
           of
           the
           violation
           
           of
           the
           consecrated
           money
           .
           Not
           a
           small
           number
           of
           the
           Nation
           of
           the
           Tectosagi
           did
           seat
           themselves
           in
           Illyricum
           ,
           being
           delighted
           with
           the
           sweetness
           of
           the
           Air
           and
           the
           Prey
           ,
           and
           having
           spoyled
           the
           Istrians
           ,
           they
           did
           inhabite
           Pannonia
           .
           Fame
           reports
           that
           the
           Nation
           of
           the
           Istrians
           do
           derive
           their
           Originall
           from
           Colchos
           ,
           being
           sent
           by
           King
           Aetus
           to
           the
           Argonauts
           to
           pursue
           the
           ravisher
           of
           his
           daughter
           ,
           who
           as
           soon
           as
           they
           entered
           into
           Ister
           out
           of
           Pontus
           ,
           having
           sailed
           far
           into
           the
           Channel
           of
           the
           River
           Sais
           ,
           following
           the
           steps
           of
           the
           Argonauts
           ,
           they
           carried
           their
           ships
           on
           their
           shoulders
           over
           the
           cliffes
           of
           the
           hills
           ,
           untill
           they
           came
           to
           the
           shore
           of
           the
           Adriatick
           Sea
           ;
           having
           understood
           that
           the
           Argonauts
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           length
           of
           their
           Ship
           had
           done
           the
           same
           before
           them
           ,
           whom
           when
           the
           Colchians
           did
           not
           receive
           ,
           they
           either
           through
           fear
           of
           their
           King
           ,
           or
           the
           tediousness
           of
           their
           long
           Navigation
           ,
           did
           sit
           down
           at
           last
           neer
           to
           Aquileia
           ,
           and
           were
           called
           Istrians
           ,
           after
           the
           Name
           of
           the
           River
           ,
           into
           the
           which
           from
           the
           Sea
           they
           sayled
           .
        
         
           The
           Dacians
           also
           are
           a
           Generation
           of
           the
           Getes
           ,
           who
           when
           they
           fought
           unfortunately
           under
           Olor
           their
           King
           against
           the
           Bastarnians
           ,
           were
           commanded
           ,
           that
           when
           they
           were
           in
           bed
           ,
           they
           should
           ,
           to
           expiate
           their
           sloth
           ,
           lay
           their
           feet
           where
           they
           should
           rest
           their
           heads
           ,
           
           and
           perform
           those
           houshold
           offices
           and
           services
           to
           their
           wives
           ,
           which
           their
           wives
           before
           were
           accustomed
           to
           do
           to
           them
           .
           Neither
           was
           this
           custome
           changed
           ,
           untill
           by
           their
           courage
           they
           had
           wiped
           away
           the
           old
           Ignominy
           which
           they
           had
           received
           in
           the
           war.
           Perseus
           when
           he
           succeeded
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Philip
           his
           Father
           ,
           did
           excite
           all
           these
           Nations
           to
           joyn
           in
           assistance
           with
           him
           against
           the
           Romans
           .
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           there
           did
           arise
           a
           war
           betwixt
           King
           Prusias
           ,
           to
           whom
           Annibal
           fled
           after
           the
           peace
           granted
           to
           Antiochus
           by
           the
           Romans
           ,
           and
           Eumenes
           ;
           Which
           war
           Prusias
           first
           began
           having
           broken
           the
           League
           through
           the
           confidence
           he
           had
           in
           Annibal
           ;
           For
           Annibal
           (
           when
           amongst
           other
           of
           the
           Articles
           of
           the
           Treaty
           ,
           the
           Romans
           did
           demand
           of
           Antiochus
           that
           he
           should
           deliver
           him
           up
           unto
           them
           )
           being
           advertised
           by
           Antiochus
           of
           it
           ,
           did
           fly
           to
           Crete
           ;
           Where
           having
           lived
           for
           many
           years
           a
           quiet
           life
           ,
           and
           found
           himself
           envied
           by
           reason
           of
           his
           excessive
           wealth
           ,
           he
           deposed
           in
           the
           Temple
           of
           Diana
           pitchers
           filled
           with
           Lead
           ,
           as
           the
           safegard
           of
           his
           fortune
           ;
           and
           the
           City
           being
           no
           wayes
           jealous
           of
           him
           ,
           because
           they
           had
           his
           fortunes
           with
           them
           as
           his
           ,
           he
           repaired
           to
           King
           Prusias
           ,
           his
           Gold
           which
           he
           carried
           with
           him
           being
           melted
           and
           poured
           into
           hollow
           Statues
           ,
           least
           his
           riches
           being
           discovered
           should
           be
           a
           hinderance
           to
           his
           life
           .
           Prusias
           being
           overcome
           
           by
           King
           Eumenes
           by
           land
           ,
           and
           intending
           to
           try
           the
           fortune
           of
           a
           Battel
           by
           Sea
           ,
           Annibal
           by
           a
           new
           invention
           was
           the
           Author
           of
           the
           Victory
           ;
           For
           he
           commanded
           that
           all
           kinds
           of
           Serpents
           stored
           into
           earthen
           Vessels
           in
           the
           middle
           of
           the
           Battel
           should
           be
           thrown
           into
           the
           Ships
           of
           their
           Enemies
           .
           It
           seemed
           ridiculous
           to
           the
           Enemies
           at
           first
           ,
           that
           they
           should
           Arm
           themselves
           and
           fight
           with
           earthen
           Pots
           ,
           who
           could
           not
           encounter
           their
           Enemies
           with
           swords
           ;
           But
           when
           their
           Ships
           began
           to
           be
           filled
           with
           the
           Serpents
           ,
           they
           were
           circumvented
           with
           a
           doubtfull
           and
           double
           danger
           ,
           and
           yeilded
           the
           Victory
           to
           their
           Enemies
           .
           When
           these
           things
           were
           declared
           at
           Rome
           ,
           Ambassadors
           were
           sent
           by
           the
           Senate
           to
           make
           a
           reconciliation
           betwixt
           both
           Kings
           ,
           and
           to
           demand
           the
           person
           of
           Annibal
           ;
           but
           Annibal
           having
           notice
           of
           it
           ,
           did
           take
           poyson
           and
           prevented
           the
           Embassy
           by
           death
           .
           This
           year
           was
           remarkable
           by
           the
           death
           of
           three
           of
           the
           most
           famous
           Generals
           in
           the
           world
           ;
           
             Annibal
             ,
             Philopemenes
          
           ,
           and
           
             Scipio
             Africanus
          
           ;
           Most
           certain
           it
           is
           that
           Annibal
           when
           Italy
           trembled
           at
           the
           thunder
           of
           his
           Arms
           ,
           did
           never
           sit
           down
           when
           he
           did
           eat
           ,
           nor
           did
           ever
           drink
           more
           at
           once
           then
           one
           pint
           of
           wine
           ;
           and
           so
           great
           was
           his
           chastity
           amongst
           so
           many
           Captives
           ,
           that
           who
           would
           deny
           that
           he
           was
           born
           in
           Africa
           ?
           It
           was
           undoubtedly
           a
           great
           Argument
           of
           his
           
           moderation
           ,
           that
           when
           he
           commanded
           an
           Army
           of
           divers
           Nations
           ,
           he
           was
           never
           set
           upon
           by
           any
           treachery
           of
           his
           own
           men
           ,
           nor
           betrayed
           by
           the
           deceit
           of
           others
           ,
           when
           his
           Enemies
           had
           oftentimes
           attempted
           both
           against
           him
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           Three
           and
           Thirtieth
           BOOK
           OF
           IVSTINE
           .
        
         
           THe
           Romans
           mannaged
           the
           Macedonian
           war
           with
           less
           noise
           and
           trouble
           then
           they
           did
           the
           Carhaginian
           ;
           But
           with
           so
           much
           the
           more
           honour
           ,
           as
           the
           Macedons
           in
           fame
           did
           exceed
           the
           Carthaginians
           ;
           For
           the
           Macedonians
           were
           not
           onely
           encouraged
           with
           the
           glory
           of
           the
           conquered
           East
           ,
           but
           assisted
           with
           the
           Auxiliaries
           of
           all
           Kings
           .
           Therefore
           the
           Romans
           sent
           more
           Embassies
           to
           their
           Associates
           ,
           and
           received
           Auxiliaries
           from
           Messanissa
           King
           of
           the
           Numidians
           ,
           
           and
           from
           others
           of
           their
           Confederates
           ;
           And
           amessage
           was
           sent
           to
           Eumenes
           King
           of
           the
           Bithynians
           to
           contribute
           to
           the
           war
           with
           all
           his
           powers
           .
           And
           (
           besides
           the
           opinion
           that
           the
           Army
           of
           the
           Macedons
           was
           invincible
           )
           Perseus
           had
           provision
           for
           ten
           years
           war
           laid
           up
           byhis
           Father
           ,
           both
           in
           his
           Exchequer
           ,
           and
           his
           Granaries
           ,
           with
           which
           being
           growng
           insolent
           ,
           &
           forgetful
           of
           his
           Fathers
           fortune
           ,
           he
           commanded
           his
           Soldiers
           to
           call
           to
           mind
           the
           Ancient
           glory
           of
           Alexander
           .
           The
           first
           encounter
           was
           of
           the
           horse
           onely
           ,
           in
           which
           Perseus
           being
           Conqueror
           made
           all
           men
           begin
           to
           doubt
           ,
           and
           to
           incline
           to
           his
           side
           .
           Howsoever
           he
           sent
           Ambassadors
           to
           the
           Consul
           to
           desire
           that
           peace
           which
           the
           Romans
           had
           given
           to
           his
           Father
           being
           overcome
           ,
           offering
           to
           defray
           the
           charges
           of
           the
           war
           as
           if
           he
           had
           been
           overcome
           himself
           .
           But
           Sulpitius
           the
           Consul
           did
           give
           him
           no
           other
           conditions
           then
           what
           the
           conquered
           were
           accustomed
           to
           receive
           .
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           ,
           through
           the
           fear
           of
           so
           dangerous
           a
           war
           ,
           the
           Romans
           made
           
             Aemylius
             Paulus
          
           Consul
           ,
           and
           decreed
           unto
           him
           contrary
           to
           custome
           ,
           the
           Macedonian
           war
           ;
           who
           when
           he
           came
           unto
           the
           Army
           ,
           did
           make
           no
           long
           delay
           of
           the
           battail
           .
           On
           the
           night
           before
           there
           was
           an
           Ecclipse
           of
           the
           Moon
           .
           All
           men
           judged
           that
           it
           was
           a
           sad
           portent
           for
           Perseus
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           end
           of
           the
           Macedonian
           Empire
           was
           thereby
           presaged
           .
           In
           that
           Battel
           
             Marcus
             Cato
          
           the
           Son
           of
           Cato
           the
           Orator
           ,
           when
           amongst
           the
           
           thickest
           of
           his
           Enemies
           he
           gave
           admirable
           Demonstrations
           of
           his
           valor
           ,
           having
           fallen
           from
           his
           horse
           did
           fight
           on
           foot
           ;
           For
           a
           band
           of
           the
           Enemies
           with
           a
           horrid
           cry
           did
           stand
           round
           about
           him
           ,
           falling
           on
           him
           as
           if
           they
           would
           have
           killed
           him
           lying
           on
           the
           ground
           .
           Bur
           he
           having
           suddenly
           recollected
           himself
           ,
           did
           get
           upon
           his
           feet
           ,
           and
           made
           a
           great
           slaughter
           of
           his
           Enemies
           ,
           the
           Macedons
           did
           surround
           him
           on
           every
           side
           ,
           and
           did
           throw
           themselves
           upon
           him
           to
           take
           away
           his
           life
           ,
           but
           he
           striking
           at
           one
           of
           the
           Commanders
           ,
           his
           sword
           flying
           from
           his
           hand
           did
           fall
           into
           the
           midst
           of
           a
           cohort
           of
           his
           Enemies
           ,
           to
           recover
           which
           (
           protecting
           himself
           with
           his
           Buckler
           ,
           both
           Armies
           looking
           on
           )
           he
           was
           covered
           with
           the
           swords
           of
           his
           Enemies
           ,
           &
           having
           gained
           his
           sword
           ,
           and
           received
           many
           wounds
           ,
           he
           returned
           with
           a
           general
           acclamation
           to
           the
           Army
           ;
           his
           fellows
           imitating
           his
           valor
           obtained
           the
           Victory
           .
           Perseus
           the
           King
           fled
           to
           Samothracia
           carrying
           with
           him
           ten
           thousand
           talents
           ;
           And
           
             Cneus
             Octavius
          
           being
           sent
           by
           the
           Consul
           to
           pursue
           him
           ,
           did
           take
           him
           prisoner
           with
           his
           two
           Sons
           Alexander
           and
           Philip
           ,
           and
           brought
           them
           to
           the
           Consul
           .
           Macedonia
           had
           from
           her
           first
           King
           Caranus
           to
           Perseus
           ,
           thirty
           Kings
           ;
           But
           she
           was
           not
           famous
           for
           Soveraignty
           above
           one
           hundred
           and
           ninty
           three
           years
           ;
           when
           she
           came
           into
           the
           power
           of
           the
           Romans
           she
           was
           made
           free
           ,
           Magistrates
           being
           constituted
           through
           the
           several
           Cities
           ,
           and
           she
           received
           those
           Laws
           from
           
             Aemylius
             Paulus
          
           which
           to
           this
           day
           she
           doth
           
           observe
           .
           The
           Senates
           of
           all
           the
           Cities
           of
           the
           Aetolians
           (
           because
           they
           were
           uncertain
           in
           their
           fidelity
           )
           were
           sent
           with
           their
           wives
           and
           children
           unto
           Rome
           ,
           and
           were
           a
           long
           time
           detained
           there
           ,
           that
           they
           might
           make
           no
           innovation
           in
           their
           Countries
           ;
           but
           the
           City
           being
           wearyed
           with
           the
           importunities
           of
           many
           Ambassadors
           ,
           they
           were
           hardly
           ,
           after
           many
           years
           ,
           suffered
           to
           return
           into
           their
           Countries
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           Four
           and
           thirtyeth
           BOOK
           OF
           IVSTINE
           .
        
         
           THe
           Carthaginians
           and
           Macedonians
           being
           subdued
           ,
           and
           the
           strength
           of
           th●
           Aetolians
           being
           weakned
           by
           the
           Captivity
           of
           their
           Princes
           ;
           the
           Achaians
           onely
           of
           all
           Greece
           did
           seem
           at
           that
           time
           most
           powerful
           to
           the
           Romans
           ,
           not
           by
           the
           excessive
           wealth
           of
           every
           one
           of
           their
           particular
           Cities
           ,
           but
           by
           the
           combination
           of
           them
           all
           ;
           for
           although
           the
           Achaians
           be
           divided
           by
           their
           Cities
           as
           by
           so
           many
           members
           ,
           yet
           they
           have
           one
           Body
           and
           one
           Command
           ;
           
           they
           beat
           off
           the
           dangers
           which
           threaten
           particular
           Cities
           ,
           with
           their
           mutual
           strength
           .
           The
           Romans
           therefore
           seeking
           out
           an
           occasion
           of
           the
           war
           ,
           fortune
           did
           luckily
           present
           them
           with
           the
           complaints
           of
           the
           Lacedemonians
           ,
           whose
           Fields
           in
           mutual
           hatred
           the
           Achaians
           had
           laid
           wast
           .
        
         
           The
           Senare
           answered
           the
           Lacedemonians
           ,
           that
           they
           would
           send
           Ambassadors
           into
           Greece
           ,
           to
           look
           upon
           the
           affairs
           of
           their
           Associates
           ,
           and
           to
           take
           away
           the
           suspitions
           of
           all
           injury
           ;
           but
           instructions
           were
           privily
           given
           to
           the
           Ambassadors
           that
           they
           should
           dissolve
           this
           intire
           Body
           of
           the
           Achaians
           ,
           and
           make
           every
           City
           to
           subsist
           by
           her
           own
           priviledges
           ,
           that
           so
           they
           might
           more
           easily
           be
           inforced
           to
           obedience
           ;
           and
           if
           any
           appeared
           to
           be
           stubborn
           ,
           that
           they
           should
           be
           broken
           :
           The
           Princes
           therefore
           of
           all
           the
           Cities
           being
           called
           to
           Corinth
           ,
           the
           Ambassadors
           did
           recite
           the
           Decree
           of
           the
           Senate
           ▪
           and
           declared
           what
           was
           the
           Counsel
           which
           was
           given
           to
           them
           :
           They
           declared
           ,
           that
           it
           was
           expedient
           for
           all
           ,
           that
           every
           City
           should
           have
           her
           own
           Laws
           ,
           and
           her
           own
           priviledges
           ;
           which
           the
           Achaians
           no
           sooner
           understood
           ,
           but
           in
           a
           fury
           they
           presently
           killed
           all
           that
           were
           strangers
           ;
           and
           had
           violated
           the
           Romane
           Ambassadors
           themselves
           ,
           if
           upon
           notice
           of
           the
           tumult
           ,
           they
           had
           not
           fled
           away
           in
           a
           great
           fear
           .
           When
           this
           
           was
           declared
           at
           Rome
           ,
           the
           Senate
           did
           immediately
           Decree
           that
           the
           Achaian
           war
           should
           be
           undertaken
           by
           Mummius
           the
           Consul
           ;
           who
           not
           long
           after
           ,
           having
           transported
           his
           Army
           into
           Greece
           ,
           and
           all
           things
           with
           great
           care
           being
           provided
           for
           ,
           did
           provoke
           his
           Enemies
           to
           battel
           .
           But
           the
           Achaians
           (
           as
           if
           it
           had
           been
           no
           trouble
           at
           all
           to
           conquer
           the
           Romanes
           )
           had
           nothing
           in
           a
           readiness
           for
           War
           ,
           but
           thinking
           more
           of
           the
           booty
           then
           the
           fight
           ,
           they
           brought
           their
           Carriages
           into
           the
           Field
           to
           draw
           from
           thence
           the
           spoyls
           of
           their
           Enemies
           ,
           and
           placed
           their
           Wives
           and
           Children
           on
           the
           adjacent
           Hills
           to
           behold
           the
           pleasure
           of
           the
           Battel
           ,
           which
           was
           no
           sooner
           begun
           ,
           but
           being
           slain
           before
           the
           eyes
           of
           their
           Wives
           and
           Children
           ,
           they
           became
           a
           sad
           spectacle
           to
           them
           for
           the
           present
           ,
           and
           left
           them
           a
           grievous
           remembrance
           of
           it
           for
           the
           future
           ;
           and
           their
           Wives
           and
           Children
           being
           made
           Captives
           of
           Spectators
           ,
           were
           an
           easie
           prey
           unto
           their
           Enemies
           :
           The
           City
           of
           Corinth
           it self
           was
           pull'd
           down
           ,
           and
           all
           the
           people
           sold
           in
           the
           most
           ignominious
           manner
           that
           in
           those
           times
           was
           practised
           ,
           that
           this
           Example
           might
           strike
           a
           fear
           into
           the
           other
           Cities
           to
           take
           ●eed
           of
           Innovations
           for
           the
           time
           to
           come
           .
        
         
           Whiles
           these
           things
           were
           in
           action
           ,
           Antiochus
           King
           of
           Syria
           made
           War
           upon
           Ptolomy
           King
           of
           Egypt
           ,
           the
           Son
           of
           his
           elder
           Sister
           ,
           but
           ●
           
           slow
           man
           ,
           and
           so
           consumed
           with
           daily
           luxury
           ,
           that
           he
           not
           onely
           neglected
           the
           Offices
           of
           Regal
           Majesty
           ,
           but
           was
           deprived
           also
           of
           the
           sense
           of
           an
           ordinary
           man
           :
           Being
           therefore
           beaten
           out
           of
           his
           Kingdom
           ,
           he
           fled
           to
           Alexandria
           to
           his
           younger
           brother
           Ptolomy
           ,
           and
           having
           made
           him
           a
           partaker
           in
           his
           Kingdom
           ,
           they
           joyntly
           sent
           Ambassadors
           to
           the
           Senate
           at
           Rome
           ,
           by
           whom
           they
           desired
           their
           help
           and
           implored
           the
           Faith
           of
           their
           Society
           ;
           The
           supplications
           of
           the
           Brothers
           did
           move
           the
           Senate
           :
           Therefore
           
             Publius
             Popilius
          
           was
           sent
           Ambassador
           to
           Antiochus
           to
           command
           him
           not
           to
           invade
           Egypt
           ;
           or
           if
           he
           was
           already
           in
           it
           ,
           to
           withdraw
           from
           it
           .
           The
           Ambassador
           having
           found
           him
           in
           Egypt
           ,
           the
           King
           kissed
           him
           ;
           for
           Antiochus
           above
           the
           rest
           did
           respect
           Popilius
           when
           he
           was
           a
           Hostage
           at
           
             Rome
             ;
             Popilius
          
           desired
           him
           to
           forbear
           all
           private
           friendship
           ,
           when
           the
           Mandates
           and
           the
           Interests
           of
           his
           Country
           intervened
           ;
           and
           having
           produced
           the
           Decree
           of
           the
           Senate
           ,
           he
           delivered
           it
           to
           the
           King
           ;
           when
           he
           found
           the
           King
           to
           demur
           upon
           it
           ,
           and
           to
           say
           that
           he
           would
           refer
           it
           to
           the
           Consultation
           of
           his
           friends
           ;
           Popilius
           with
           a
           rod
           which
           he
           had
           in
           his
           hand
           ,
           having
           inclosed
           him
           in
           a
           spacious
           Circle
           ,
           that
           it
           might
           contain
           his
           friends
           with
           him
           ,
           did
           require
           him
           to
           counsel
           with
           them
           in
           the
           Precinct
           of
           that
           Round
           ,
           and
           not
           to
           move
           out
           of
           it
           before
           he
           
           had
           given
           an
           Answer
           to
           the
           Senate
           ,
           Whether
           he
           would
           have
           peace
           or
           War
           with
           the
           Romanes
           .
           This
           sharp
           proposition
           did
           so
           blunt
           the
           minde
           of
           the
           King
           ,
           that
           he
           answered
           that
           he
           would
           obey
           the
           Senate
           .
           After
           this
           ,
           Antiochus
           returning
           to
           his
           Kingdom
           ,
           dyed
           ,
           having
           left
           behind
           him
           a
           son
           very
           young
           ,
           to
           whom
           when
           Guardians
           were
           assigned
           by
           the
           people
           ,
           his
           Uncle
           Demetrius
           (
           who
           was
           then
           a
           Hostage
           at
           Rome
           )
           having
           understood
           of
           the
           death
           of
           his
           brother
           Antiochus
           ,
           addressed
           himself
           unto
           the
           Senate
           ,
           and
           alledged
           that
           his
           brother
           being
           alive
           ,
           he
           came
           to
           Rome
           as
           a
           Hostage
           for
           him
           :
           but
           being
           dead
           ,
           he
           did
           not
           now
           know
           whose
           Hostage
           he
           might
           be
           ;
           therefore
           he
           pleaded
           that
           it
           was
           just
           he
           should
           be
           dismissed
           from
           Rome
           to
           be
           invested
           in
           his
           Kingdom
           ,
           which
           as
           it
           was
           due
           by
           the
           law
           of
           Nations
           to
           his
           elder
           brother
           ,
           so
           it
           was
           now
           due
           unto
           himself
           who
           must
           have
           the
           precedency
           of
           the
           Pupil
           by
           the
           priviledge
           of
           Age
           ;
           When
           he
           observed
           that
           the
           Senate
           (
           silently
           presuming
           that
           the
           Kingdom
           would
           be
           more
           safe
           unto
           them
           under
           the
           Pupil
           ,
           then
           under
           him
           )
           were
           un
           willing
           to
           grant
           him
           leave
           to
           depart
           .
           Having
           secretly
           departed
           to
           Hostia
           ,
           under
           the
           pretence
           of
           hunting
           ,
           he
           there
           took
           shipping
           with
           the
           Companions
           of
           his
           flight
           ;
           and
           being
           brought
           into
           Syria
           ,
           he
           was
           received
           with
           the
           applause
           of
           all
           men
           ;
           and
           the
           young
           Prince
           being
           put
           to
           death
           ,
           the
           Kingdom
           
           by
           his
           Guardians
           was
           delivered
           unto
           him
           .
        
         
           Much
           about
           the
           same
           time
           ,
           Prusias
           King
           of
           Bithinia
           contrived
           how
           to
           put
           to
           death
           his
           son
           Nicomedes
           ,
           endeavouring
           to
           provide
           for
           his
           younger
           sons
           whom
           he
           had
           by
           Nicomede's
           Step-mother
           ,
           and
           who
           were
           then
           at
           Rome
           :
           But
           the
           plot
           was
           betrayed
           by
           those
           who
           undertook
           to
           perform
           it
           ;
           they
           exhorted
           the
           young
           man
           (
           being
           provoked
           by
           the
           cruelty
           of
           his
           Father
           )
           to
           prevent
           the
           deceit
           ,
           and
           return
           the
           wicked
           act
           upon
           the
           Author
           of
           it
           ;
           nor
           was
           it
           hard
           to
           perswade
           him
           to
           it
           ,
           therefore
           (
           being
           sent
           for
           )
           when
           he
           came
           into
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           his
           Father
           ,
           he
           was
           saluted
           as
           King
           ,
           and
           Prusias
           his
           Father
           being
           dis-invested
           of
           his
           Kingdom
           ,
           became
           as
           a
           private
           man
           ,
           and
           was
           forsaken
           of
           his
           own
           servants
           .
           When
           he
           concealed
           himself
           in
           corners
           ,
           he
           was
           discovered
           and
           commanded
           to
           be
           killed
           by
           his
           son
           ,
           with
           no
           less
           wickedness
           then
           he
           commanded
           his
           son
           to
           be
           killed
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           Five
           and
           thirtyeth
           BOOK
           OF
           IVSTINE
           .
        
         
           DEmetrius
           having
           possessed
           himself
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Syria
           ,
           conceiving
           that
           the
           common
           hatred
           by
           this
           Innovation
           would
           prove
           ruinous
           to
           himself
           ,
           he
           determined
           to
           inlarge
           the
           bounds
           of
           his
           Soveraignty
           ,
           and
           to
           encrease
           his
           Revenues
           by
           making
           War
           upon
           his
           Neighbours
           .
           Therefore
           being
           become
           an
           Enemy
           to
           Ariathes
           King
           of
           Cappadocia
           ,
           because
           he
           refused
           to
           marry
           his
           Sister
           ,
           he
           received
           his
           suppliant
           Brother
           Holofernes
           injustly
           driven
           
           from
           the
           Kingdom
           ;
           and
           rejoycing
           that
           he
           had
           offered
           to
           him
           an
           honest
           Title
           of
           the
           War
           ,
           he
           determined
           to
           restore
           to
           him
           his
           Kingdom
           :
           But
           Holofernes
           having
           ungratefully
           made
           a
           League
           with
           the
           Antiochians
           ,
           and
           growing
           into
           enmity
           with
           Demetrius
           ,
           he
           took
           counsel
           to
           expel
           him
           from
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           by
           whom
           he
           was
           restored
           to
           it
           ;
           which
           although
           Demetrius
           understood
           ,
           yet
           he
           spared
           his
           life
           ,
           that
           Ariathes
           might
           not
           be
           freed
           from
           the
           War
           which
           his
           brother
           Demetrius
           threatned
           to
           bring
           upon
           him
           ;
           howsoever
           having
           apprehended
           him
           ,
           he
           commanded
           him
           to
           be
           kept
           bound
           at
           Seleucia
           ;
           nevertheless
           the
           Antiochians
           being
           no
           ways
           terrified
           at
           it
           ,
           did
           continue
           in
           their
           rebellion
           against
           him
           .
           Therefore
           Ptolomy
           King
           of
           
             Egypt
             ,
             Attalus
          
           King
           of
           Asia
           ,
           and
           Ariathes
           King
           of
           Cappadocia
           being
           all
           provoked
           by
           him
           to
           war
           ,
           they
           suborned
           one
           Prompalus
           a
           young
           man
           ,
           but
           of
           a
           most
           sordid
           birth
           and
           condition
           to
           challenge
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Syria
           ,
           as
           if
           derived
           to
           him
           from
           his
           Father
           ;
           and
           if
           denied
           ,
           to
           recover
           it
           by
           force
           of
           Arms
           ;
           And
           that
           nothing
           should
           be
           wanting
           to
           the
           pretence
           ,
           he
           was
           called
           by
           the
           name
           of
           Alexander
           ,
           and
           reported
           to
           be
           the
           Son
           of
           Antiochus
           .
           So
           general
           a
           hatred
           they
           did
           bear
           to
           Demetrius
           ,
           that
           not
           onely
           Kingly
           powers
           ,
           but
           the
           Nobility
           of
           birth
           also
           by
           the
           consent
           of
           all
           was
           bestowed
           on
           this
           counterfeit
           :
           Alexander
           
           therefore
           forgetting
           the
           baseness
           of
           his
           former
           condition
           through
           the
           wonderful
           variety
           of
           events
           being
           attended
           with
           the
           Forces
           of
           all
           the
           East
           ,
           did
           make
           war
           upon
           Demetrius
           :
           and
           having
           overcome
           him
           ,
           did
           deprive
           him
           at
           once
           both
           of
           his
           life
           and
           Kingdom
           :
           Howsoever
           Demetrius
           wanted
           neither
           care
           nor
           courage
           to
           provide
           for
           the
           War
           ;
           for
           in
           the
           first
           encounter
           he
           routed
           his
           Adversary
           ,
           and
           the
           King
           again
           renewing
           the
           War
           ,
           he
           killed
           afterwards
           in
           battel
           many
           thousands
           of
           his
           Enemies
           ;
           At
           last
           ,
           with
           an
           invincible
           courage
           ,
           he
           fell
           fighting
           most
           gallantly
           amongst
           the
           thickest
           of
           his
           Enemies
           .
           In
           the
           beginning
           of
           the
           War
           ,
           Demetrius
           commended
           both
           his
           Sons
           with
           a
           vast
           sum
           of
           Gold
           to
           his
           Guest
           Gnidius
           ,
           both
           that
           they
           should
           be
           exempted
           from
           the
           dangers
           of
           the
           War
           ;
           and
           if
           fortune
           so
           ordained
           it
           ,
           that
           they
           should
           be
           preserved
           to
           revenge
           their
           Fathers
           death
           .
           The
           eldest
           of
           these
           ,
           Demetrius
           by
           name
           ,
           being
           about
           the
           sixteenth
           year
           of
           his
           age
           (
           having
           heard
           of
           the
           luxury
           of
           Alexander
           ,
           whom
           such
           unlooked
           for
           possessions
           ,
           and
           the
           royal
           ornaments
           belonging
           to
           another
           did
           keep
           a
           Prisoner
           in
           his
           own
           Court
           ,
           amongst
           throngs
           of
           Concubines
           )
           the
           Cretians
           helping
           him
           ,
           did
           set
           upon
           him
           secure
           ,
           and
           fearing
           no
           Enemy
           at
           all
           :
           The
           Antiochians
           also
           recompencing
           their
           old
           offence
           committed
           against
           his
           Father
           with
           new
           deservings
           ,
           did
           surrender
           themselves
           unto
           
           him
           ;
           and
           his
           Fathers
           old
           Souldiers
           in
           favor
           of
           the
           young
           man
           (
           preferring
           the
           Religion
           of
           their
           old
           oath
           of
           fidelity
           above
           the
           pride
           of
           this
           new
           King
           )
           did
           translate
           both
           themselves
           and
           their
           Ensigns
           to
           Demetrius
           ;
           And
           thus
           Alexander
           being
           forsaken
           by
           no
           less
           impetuousness
           of
           fortune
           then
           he
           was
           advanced
           ,
           was
           overcome
           and
           killed
           in
           the
           first
           encounter
           ,
           and
           by
           his
           punishment
           satisfied
           the
           Ghost
           both
           of
           Demetrius
           whom
           he
           killed
           ,
           and
           of
           Antiochus
           whose
           original
           he
           did
           counterfeit
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           Six
           and
           thirtyeth
           BOOK
           OF
           IVSTINE
           .
        
         
           DEmetrius
           having
           recovered
           his
           Fathers
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           (
           by
           the
           success
           of
           affairs
           )
           being
           corrupted
           himself
           ,
           did
           fall
           through
           the
           vice
           of
           his
           youth
           into
           sloth
           and
           riot
           ,
           and
           contracted
           as
           much
           contempt
           by
           his
           sloth
           ,
           as
           his
           Father
           had
           hatred
           by
           his
           pride
           .
           Therefore
           when
           the
           Cities
           did
           everywhere
           revolt
           from
           his
           Command
           ,
           to
           wipe
           away
           the
           blemish
           of
           his
           idleness
           ,
           he
           made
           War
           upon
           the
           Parthians
           .
           The
           Eastern
           Nations
           did
           not
           unwillingly
           behold
           his
           approach
           both
           for
           the
           cruelty
           of
           Arsacidas
           
           King
           of
           the
           Parthians
           ,
           and
           for
           that
           being
           accustomed
           to
           the
           ancient
           Command
           of
           the
           Macedonians
           ,
           they
           did
           with
           indignation
           endure
           the
           arrogance
           of
           this
           new
           people
           :
           Therefore
           being
           assisted
           with
           the
           Auxiliaries
           of
           the
           
             Persians
             ,
             Elamites
          
           ,
           and
           the
           Brastrians
           ,
           he
           overthrew
           the
           Parthians
           in
           many
           battels
           .
           At
           last
           ,
           being
           circumvented
           by
           the
           pretence
           of
           a
           peace
           ,
           he
           was
           taken
           ;
           and
           being
           led
           in
           triumph
           through
           the
           Cities
           ,
           he
           was
           shewed
           (
           as
           a
           mock
           of
           their
           favour
           )
           to
           the
           people
           that
           revolted
           ;
           and
           being
           afterwards
           sent
           into
           Hyrcania
           ,
           he
           was
           honourably
           intreated
           according
           to
           the
           dignity
           of
           his
           former
           Fortune
           .
           Whiles
           those
           things
           thus
           passed
           ,
           Trifo
           who
           laboured
           in
           Syria
           to
           be
           constituted
           by
           the
           people
           to
           be
           the
           Guardian
           of
           Antiochus
           ,
           the
           privign
           of
           Demetrius
           ,
           having
           slain
           the
           young
           Prince
           ,
           did
           invade
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Syria
           ,
           which
           having
           a
           long
           time
           enjoyed
           ,
           the
           favour
           of
           his
           new
           Command
           growing
           out
           of
           date
           ,
           at
           last
           he
           was
           overcome
           by
           Antiochus
           the
           Brother
           of
           Demetrius
           ,
           a
           very
           young
           man
           who
           was
           bred
           up
           in
           the
           Wars
           of
           Asia
           ;
           and
           thus
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Syria
           was
           again
           devolved
           to
           the
           Issue
           of
           Demetrius
           .
        
         
           This
           Antiochus
           being
           mindful
           that
           both
           his
           Father
           was
           hated
           for
           his
           pride
           ,
           and
           his
           Brother
           made
           contemptible
           by
           his
           sloth
           ,
           that
           he
           might
           not
           fall
           into
           the
           same
           vices
           ,
           having
           
           first
           married
           Cleopatra
           his
           Brothers
           wife
           ,
           he
           followed
           the
           War
           with
           great
           resolution
           against
           the
           Cities
           which
           revolted
           in
           the
           beginning
           of
           his
           Brothers
           raign
           ,
           which
           being
           subdued
           ,
           he
           added
           them
           to
           the
           bounds
           of
           his
           Empire
           .
           He
           also
           overcame
           the
           Jews
           ,
           who
           under
           his
           Father
           Demetrius
           in
           the
           Macedonian
           Empire
           had
           by
           their
           arms
           redeemed
           themselves
           into
           liberty
           :
           So
           great
           was
           their
           power
           ,
           that
           after
           him
           ,
           they
           would
           not
           endure
           any
           King
           of
           the
           Macedons
           ,
           and
           using
           their
           own
           Governours
           ,
           they
           infested
           Syria
           with
           great
           Wars
           .
        
         
           The
           Jews
           derive
           their
           Original
           from
           Damascus
           ,
           which
           is
           the
           most
           noble
           of
           the
           Cities
           of
           Syria
           ;
           and
           the
           Syrian
           Kings
           do
           boast
           their
           discent
           in
           a
           direct
           line
           from
           Queen
           Semiramis
           :
           The
           name
           of
           Damascus
           was
           given
           to
           the
           City
           by
           Damascus
           who
           was
           King
           of
           it
           ,
           in
           the
           honour
           of
           whom
           the
           Syrians
           have
           worshipped
           the
           Sepulcher
           of
           his
           wife
           Arathes
           as
           a
           Temple
           ,
           and
           esteemed
           her
           a
           Goddess
           in
           the
           height
           of
           their
           most
           Religious
           devotions
           ;
           After
           
             Damascus
             ,
             Abraham
             ,
             Moses
          
           and
           Israel
           were
           Kings
           :
           But
           the
           happy
           Issue
           of
           ten
           children
           made
           Israel
           more
           famous
           then
           the
           rest
           of
           his
           Ancestors
           ;
           he
           delivered
           to
           his
           Sons
           the
           people
           divided
           into
           ten
           Tribes
           or
           Kingdoms
           ,
           and
           commanded
           ▪
           that
           they
           should
           be
           all
           called
           Jewes
           ,
           after
           the
           name
           Judah
           who
           dyed
           not
           
           long
           after
           the
           division
           of
           the
           Kingdoms
           ,
           whose
           memory
           he
           commanded
           should
           be
           reverenced
           by
           them
           .
           His
           portion
           was
           distributed
           amongst
           them
           all
           ,
           and
           Joseph
           was
           the
           youngest
           of
           the
           brethren
           ,
           who
           fearing
           his
           excellent
           wit
           ,
           having
           privately
           intercepted
           him
           ,
           they
           sold
           him
           to
           forraign
           Merchants
           ,
           by
           whom
           being
           brought
           into
           Egypt
           ,
           when
           by
           the
           sharpness
           of
           his
           apprehension
           he
           had
           learned
           there
           the
           Magick
           Arts
           ,
           he
           became
           in
           a
           short
           time
           most
           gracious
           with
           the
           King
           ;
           for
           he
           was
           most
           sagacious
           in
           the
           discovery
           of
           wonderful
           events
           ,
           and
           was
           the
           first
           of
           all
           who
           found
           out
           the
           understanding
           of
           dreams
           ;
           and
           there
           seemed
           nothing
           unknown
           unto
           him
           which
           belonged
           to
           the
           Laws
           either
           of
           God
           or
           men
           ,
           insomuch
           that
           (
           many
           years
           before
           it
           came
           to
           pass
           )
           he
           foresaw
           the
           barrenness
           of
           the
           Fields
           ;
           and
           Egypt
           had
           been
           destroyed
           by
           Famine
           ,
           if
           the
           King
           by
           his
           admonition
           had
           not
           given
           command
           that
           the
           fruits
           of
           the
           Earth
           should
           for
           many
           years
           together
           be
           preserved
           ;
           And
           so
           great
           was
           his
           Experience
           ,
           that
           his
           Answers
           seemed
           to
           be
           given
           not
           from
           a
           man
           ,
           but
           God.
           Moses
           was
           his
           Son
           ,
           whom
           besides
           his
           hereditary
           knowledge
           ,
           the
           excellency
           of
           his
           beauty
           did
           commend
           .
           But
           when
           the
           Egyptians
           were
           plagued
           with
           itch
           and
           scabs
           ,
           they
           were
           admonished
           by
           the
           Oracle
           to
           expel
           him
           with
           the
           sick
           from
           the
           bounds
           of
           Egypt
           ,
           least
           the
           contagion
           of
           the
           
           disease
           should
           spread
           over
           all
           .
           Being
           therefore
           made
           Captain
           of
           the
           banished
           persons
           ,
           he
           took
           away
           by
           stealth
           the
           sacred
           things
           of
           the
           Egyptians
           ,
           which
           they
           attempting
           to
           recover
           by
           arms
           ,
           were
           enforced
           to
           return
           back
           by
           Tempests
           .
           Moses
           therefore
           on
           his
           return
           to
           his
           ancient
           Country
           of
           Damascus
           did
           possess
           himself
           of
           Mount
           Sinai
           ,
           where
           he
           and
           his
           people
           being
           afflicted
           with
           seven
           dayes
           continued
           fast
           ,
           in
           the
           Desarts
           of
           Arabia
           ,
           when
           he
           arrived
           to
           his
           journeys
           end
           ,
           he
           by
           a
           fast
           consecrated
           the
           seventh
           day
           to
           all
           Posterity
           ,
           and
           according
           to
           the
           language
           of
           his
           Nation
           did
           call
           it
           the
           Sabbath
           ,
           because
           that
           day
           did
           put
           a
           period
           both
           to
           their
           fasting
           and
           their
           travel
           :
           And
           (
           in
           remembrance
           that
           they
           were
           driven
           from
           Egypt
           for
           fear
           of
           the
           contagion
           )
           least
           for
           the
           same
           cause
           they
           might
           be
           hated
           by
           the
           Inhabitants
           ,
           they
           provided
           by
           a
           Law
           that
           they
           should
           not
           communicate
           with
           strangers
           ,
           which
           beginning
           first
           from
           Policy
           ,
           was
           by
           degrees
           turned
           afterwards
           into
           Discipline
           and
           Religion
           .
        
         
           After
           the
           death
           of
           Moses
           ,
           his
           Son
           Arvas
           who
           was
           a
           Priest
           also
           in
           the
           Egyptians
           Religion
           ,
           was
           created
           King
           ;
           and
           it
           was
           always
           afterwards
           a
           Custom
           amongst
           the
           Jews
           that
           they
           had
           the
           same
           men
           both
           for
           Kings
           and
           Priests
           ;
           whose
           justice
           being
           mixt
           with
           Religion
           ,
           it
           is
           incredible
           how
           greatly
           they
           did
           prosper
           .
           The
           
           weath
           of
           the
           Nation
           did
           arise
           from
           the
           profits
           of
           the
           Opobalsamum
           which
           doth
           only
           grow
           in
           those
           Countries
           ;
           for
           it
           is
           a
           Valley
           like
           a
           Garden
           which
           is
           invironed
           with
           continual
           Hils
           ,
           and
           a●
           it
           were
           inclosed
           with
           a
           Wall
           :
           The
           space
           of
           the
           Valley
           containeth
           two
           hundred
           thousand
           Acres
           ,
           and
           it
           is
           called
           Jericho
           .
           In
           that
           Valley
           there
           is
           a
           Wood
           as
           admirable
           for
           its
           fruitfulness
           as
           for
           its
           delight
           ;
           for
           it
           is
           intermingled
           with
           
           Palm-Trees
           and
           Opobalsamum
           :
           The
           Trees
           of
           the
           Opobalsamum
           have
           a
           resemblance
           like
           to
           Firr-Trees
           ,
           but
           that
           they
           are
           lower
           ,
           and
           are
           planted
           and
           husbanded
           after
           the
           manner
           of
           Vines
           :
           On
           a
           set
           season
           of
           the
           year
           they
           do
           sweat
           Balsom
           ;
           The
           darkness
           of
           of
           the
           place
           ,
           is
           besides
           as
           wonderful
           as
           the
           fruitfulness
           of
           it
           :
           For
           although
           the
           Sun
           shines
           nowhere
           hotter
           in
           the
           World
           ,
           there
           is
           naturally
           a
           moderate
           and
           a
           perpetual
           darkness
           of
           the
           Ayr
           :
           There
           is
           a
           Lake
           also
           in
           that
           Country
           ,
           which
           by
           reason
           of
           its
           greatness
           and
           unmoveableness
           of
           the
           water
           ,
           is
           calld
           the
           dead
           Sea
           ;
           fot
           it
           is
           neither
           stirred
           with
           the
           Winds
           ,
           the
           glutinous
           substance
           (
           with
           which
           all
           the
           water
           is
           covered
           )
           resisting
           their
           violence
           ,
           neither
           is
           it
           patient
           of
           Navigation
           ;
           for
           all
           things
           wanting
           life
           ,
           do
           presently
           sink
           into
           the
           bottom
           ,
           neither
           doth
           it
           sustain
           any
           matter
           ,
           unless
           it
           be
           washed
           over
           with
           Roch-Allum
           dissolved
           .
        
         
           Xerxes
           King
           of
           the
           Persians
           did
           first
           overcome
           
           the
           Jews
           ,
           they
           came
           afterwards
           with
           the
           Persians
           themselves
           into
           the
           power
           of
           Alexander
           the
           great
           ,
           and
           a
           long
           time
           they
           continued
           in
           subjection
           to
           the
           Macedonian
           Empire
           ;
           when
           they
           revolted
           from
           Demetrius
           ,
           and
           desired
           the
           friendship
           of
           the
           Romans
           ,
           they
           first
           of
           all
           the
           East
           did
           receive
           their
           liberty
           ,
           the
           Romans
           at
           that
           time
           giving
           freely
           out
           of
           other
           mens
           possessions
           .
           In
           the
           same
           time
           in
           which
           the
           change
           of
           Government
           in
           Syria
           was
           alternately
           managed
           by
           the
           new
           Kings
           ,
           Attalus
           King
           of
           Asia
           polluted
           that
           most
           flourishing
           Kingdom
           received
           from
           his
           Uncle
           Eumenes
           ,
           with
           the
           slaughters
           of
           his
           friends
           ,
           and
           the
           punishments
           of
           his
           neerest
           kinred
           ;
           feigning
           sometimes
           that
           the
           old
           woman
           his
           Mother
           ,
           sometimes
           that
           his
           wife
           Beronice
           were
           slain
           by
           their
           treasonable
           practices
           .
           After
           the
           fury
           of
           this
           most
           wicked
           violence
           ,
           he
           did
           put
           on
           ragged
           clothes
           ,
           and
           made
           short
           his
           beard
           ,
           and
           the
           hair
           of
           his
           head
           after
           the
           manner
           of
           the
           guilty
           ;
           he
           would
           not
           be
           seen
           in
           publick
           ,
           nor
           shew
           himself
           to
           the
           people
           ,
           he
           would
           have
           no
           feasts
           of
           mirth
           at
           home
           ,
           or
           any
           appearance
           of
           a
           sober
           man
           ▪
           as
           if
           he
           would
           altogether
           by
           taking
           punishment
           on
           himself
           ,
           give
           satisfaction
           to
           the
           Ghosts
           of
           the
           slain
           .
           At
           the
           last
           having
           forborn
           the
           administration
           of
           his
           Kingdom
           ,
           he
           digged
           in
           gardens
           ,
           sowed
           
           seeds
           ,
           and
           mingled
           the
           good
           with
           the
           hurtful
           ,
           and
           having
           steeped
           them
           all
           in
           the
           juyce
           of
           poyson
           ,
           he
           sent
           them
           as
           a
           peculiar
           gift
           unto
           his
           friends
           .
           From
           this
           study
           ,
           he
           gave
           himself
           to
           the
           Art
           of
           making
           of
           brass
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           invention
           of
           tools
           and
           things
           belonging
           to
           it
           ,
           and
           much
           delighted
           himself
           with
           the
           melting
           and
           the
           minting
           of
           pieces
           in
           Brass
           .
           After
           this
           ,
           he
           bent
           all
           his
           endeavours
           and
           design
           to
           make
           a
           Tomb
           for
           his
           Mother
           ,
           at
           which
           work
           being
           too
           intent
           ,
           he
           contracted
           a
           disease
           by
           the
           immoderate
           heat
           of
           the
           Sun
           ,
           and
           died
           the
           seventh
           day
           afterwards
           .
           By
           his
           Testament
           the
           People
           of
           Rome
           were
           made
           Heirs
           :
           But
           there
           was
           one
           Aristonicus
           descended
           from
           Eumenes
           ,
           not
           by
           lawful
           marriage
           ,
           but
           born
           of
           an
           Ephesian
           Strumpet
           ,
           the
           Daughter
           of
           a
           Fidler
           ,
           who
           after
           the
           death
           of
           Attalus
           did
           invade
           Asia
           as
           his
           Fathers
           Kingdom
           :
           And
           having
           made
           many
           happy
           encounters
           against
           the
           Cities
           ,
           which
           for
           fear
           of
           the
           Romans
           would
           not
           deliver
           themselves
           unto
           him
           ,
           he
           seemed
           now
           to
           be
           a
           King
           in
           earnest
           ;
           wherefore
           Asia
           was
           decreed
           to
           
             Licinus
             Crassus
          
           the
           Consul
           ,
           who
           being
           more
           intent
           to
           the
           Attalick
           booty
           then
           to
           the
           war
           ,
           when
           in
           the
           end
           of
           the
           year
           he
           entred
           into
           Battail
           with
           the
           Enemy
           with
           a
           disordered
           Army
           ,
           being
           overcome
           ,
           he
           with
           his
           own
           blood
           suffered
           for
           his
           inconsiderate
           
           avarice
           .
           The
           Consul
           Perpenna
           being
           sent
           to
           supply
           his
           place
           ,
           at
           the
           first
           encounter
           did
           overcome
           Aristonicus
           ,
           and
           brought
           him
           under
           subjection
           ,
           and
           carried
           with
           him
           unto
           Rome
           the
           hereditary
           treasures
           of
           Attalus
           ;
           which
           his
           successor
           the
           Consul
           
             Marcus
             Aquilius
          
           repining
           at
           ,
           did
           make
           all
           possible
           haste
           to
           snatch
           away
           Aristonicus
           from
           Perpenna
           ,
           to
           become
           the
           gift
           and
           honor
           of
           his
           Triumph
           .
           But
           the
           death
           of
           Perpenna
           did
           end
           the
           difference
           of
           the
           Consuls
           ;
           and
           thus
           Asia
           being
           made
           the
           Romans
           ,
           she
           sent
           also
           ,
           with
           her
           wealth
           ,
           her
           vices
           unto
           Rome
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           Seven
           and
           thirtieth
           BOOK
           OF
           IVSTINE
           .
        
         
           ARistonicus
           being
           taken
           ,
           the
           Massilians
           sent
           Ambassadors
           to
           Rome
           ,
           humbly
           intreating
           for
           the
           Phocensians
           their
           Founders
           ,
           whose
           City
           ,
           and
           the
           memory
           of
           whose
           Name
           ,
           because
           they
           were
           alwayes
           implacable
           Enemies
           to
           the
           people
           of
           Rome
           ,
           both
           at
           that
           time
           ,
           and
           before
           ,
           in
           the
           war
           of
           Antiochus
           ,
           the
           Senate
           commanded
           should
           be
           utterly
           extinguished
           ,
           but
           a
           pardon
           was
           granted
           by
           the
           importunity
           of
           the
           Ambassadors
           .
           After
           this
           ,
           the
           rewards
           were
           
           given
           to
           those
           Kings
           who
           brought
           in
           their
           Auxiliary
           forces
           against
           
             Aristonicus
             Syria
          
           the
           less
           was
           bestowed
           on
           Mithridates
           of
           
             Pontus
             ;
             Lycaonia
          
           and
           Cilicia
           were
           given
           to
           the
           sons
           of
           Ariarathes
           ,
           who
           fell
           himself
           in
           that
           war
           ;
           and
           the
           people
           of
           Rome
           were
           more
           faithful
           to
           the
           sons
           of
           their
           Confederate
           Ariarathes
           ,
           then
           the
           Mother
           was
           to
           her
           own
           children
           ;
           for
           they
           encreased
           the
           Dominions
           of
           his
           son
           in
           his
           nonage
           ,
           and
           she
           took
           away
           his
           life
           from
           him
           :
           For
           Laodice
           having
           in
           number
           six
           sons
           by
           King
           Ariarathes
           ,
           fearing
           that
           they
           growing
           into
           years
           ,
           she
           should
           no
           longer
           enjoy
           the
           administration
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           did
           destroy
           five
           of
           them
           by
           poyson
           .
           The
           care
           of
           his
           Kindred
           did
           preserve
           the
           yongest
           from
           the
           violence
           of
           the
           Mother
           ,
           who
           after
           the
           death
           of
           Laodice
           (
           for
           the
           people
           did
           cut
           her
           off
           by
           reason
           of
           her
           cruelty
           )
           did
           enjoy
           the
           Kingdom
           alone
           .
           Mithridates
           also
           being
           taken
           away
           by
           a
           sudden
           death
           ,
           did
           leave
           his
           Kingdom
           to
           his
           son
           ,
           who
           was
           also
           called
           Mithridates
           ,
           whose
           Greatness
           afterwards
           was
           such
           ,
           that
           he
           excelled
           in
           Majesty
           ,
           not
           only
           all
           the
           Kings
           of
           his
           time
           ,
           but
           of
           the
           former
           age
           ,
           and
           with
           various
           victory
           held
           war
           with
           the
           Romans
           for
           the
           space
           of
           six
           and
           forty
           years
           :
           whom
           the
           most
           famous
           Generals
           ,
           
             Sylla
             ,
             Lucullus
          
           and
           others
           at
           the
           first
           ,
           and
           
             Cneius
             Pompeius
          
           at
           the
           last
           did
           so
           
           overcome
           ,
           that
           he
           arose
           alwaies
           more
           great
           and
           famous
           in
           renewing
           of
           the
           war
           ,
           and
           became
           more
           terrible
           by
           his
           losses
           ;
           and
           at
           last
           being
           overcome
           by
           no
           hostile
           force
           ,
           he
           died
           a
           voluntarie
           death
           in
           his
           own
           Kingdom
           ,
           being
           a
           very
           old
           man
           ,
           and
           leaving
           a
           Son
           to
           succeed
           him
           ,
           many
           signs
           from
           Heaven
           did
           presage
           his
           greatness
           to
           come
           ;
           for
           both
           on
           that
           day
           in
           which
           he
           was
           born
           ,
           and
           on
           that
           in
           which
           he
           began
           his
           Reign
           ,
           at
           both
           times
           there
           did
           appear
           a
           Comet
           ,
           which
           for
           seventie
           nights
           did
           shine
           so
           brightly
           ,
           as
           all
           Heaven
           did
           seem
           to
           be
           in
           a
           flame
           ;
           for
           by
           the
           greatness
           of
           it
           ,
           it
           took
           up
           the
           fourth
           part
           of
           Heaven
           ,
           and
           by
           its
           splendor
           it
           overcame
           the
           light
           of
           the
           Sun
           ;
           and
           when
           it
           did
           either
           rise
           or
           set
           ,
           it
           took
           up
           the
           space
           of
           four
           hours
           .
        
         
           Being
           in
           his
           minoritie
           ,
           he
           laie
           open
           to
           ,
           and
           did
           endure
           the
           treacherie
           of
           his
           tutors
           ,
           for
           they
           did
           put
           him
           upon
           a
           wild
           and
           an
           unmanaged
           horse
           ,
           and
           did
           command
           him
           not
           onely
           to
           ride
           him
           ,
           but
           to
           exercise
           his
           horsmanship
           ,
           and
           to
           throw
           darts
           from
           him
           ;
           but
           Mithridates
           deluding
           their
           design
           ,
           by
           governing
           the
           horse
           beyond
           the
           expectation
           of
           his
           age
           ,
           they
           conspired
           against
           him
           by
           poyson
           ,
           which
           he
           suspecting
           ,
           did
           oftentimes
           drink
           Antidotes
           ,
           and
           with
           such
           exquisite
           remedies
           did
           so
           prepare
           his
           bodie
           against
           it
           ,
           that
           being
           an
           old
           man
           ,
           he
           could
           not
           die
           by
           poyson
           ,
           though
           
           attempting
           it
           .
           Fearing
           afterwards
           ,
           that
           his
           enemies
           would
           perform
           with
           the
           sword
           what
           they
           could
           not
           dispatch
           with
           poyson
           ,
           he
           pretended
           he
           would
           solace
           himself
           with
           the
           recreation
           of
           hunting
           ;
           wherefore
           for
           the
           space
           of
           four
           years
           ,
           he
           neither
           entred
           into
           Citie
           ,
           nor
           came
           in
           the
           Countrie
           within
           the
           roof
           of
           any
           house
           ,
           but
           wandred
           in
           the
           woods
           ,
           and
           took
           up
           his
           lodging
           on
           the
           tops
           of
           severall
           hills
           ,
           no
           man
           knowing
           in
           what
           place
           he
           was
           ,
           being
           accustomed
           by
           his
           swiftness
           of
           foot
           ,
           either
           to
           pursue
           wild
           beasts
           ,
           or
           to
           flie
           from
           them
           ,
           and
           sometimes
           by
           main
           force
           to
           grapple
           with
           them
           .
           By
           which
           means
           he
           both
           eschewed
           all
           treason
           that
           was
           designed
           against
           him
           ,
           and
           hardned
           his
           bodie
           to
           all
           indurance
           of
           virtue
           .
           When
           afterwards
           he
           came
           to
           the
           management
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           he
           immediately
           contrived
           not
           so
           much
           how
           to
           rule
           it
           ,
           as
           how
           to
           enlarge
           it
           ,
           and
           by
           an
           incomparable
           felicitie
           overcame
           the
           Scythians
           ,
           who
           were
           before
           invincible
           ,
           for
           they
           had
           overthrown
           Zopyro
           the
           Lieutenant
           of
           Alexander
           the
           great
           ,
           with
           thirtie
           thousand
           armed
           men
           ,
           and
           killed
           Cyrus
           King
           of
           the
           Persians
           ,
           with
           two
           hundred
           thousand
           Souldiers
           ,
           and
           routed
           Philip
           King
           of
           the
           Macedons
           .
           Being
           increased
           in
           his
           power
           ,
           he
           possessed
           himself
           of
           Pontus
           ,
           and
           not
           long
           afterwards
           of
           Cappadocia
           ;
           and
           going
           privately
           out
           of
           his
           Kingdom
           ,
           he
           sojourned
           
           over
           all
           Asia
           with
           a
           few
           friends
           ,
           and
           thereby
           gained
           a
           perfect
           knowledge
           of
           all
           the
           Countrie
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           situation
           of
           every
           Citie
           .
           After
           that
           ,
           he
           travailed
           higher
           over
           all
           Bithynia
           ,
           and
           being
           already
           ,
           as
           it
           were
           Lord
           of
           Asia
           ,
           he
           contrived
           where
           to
           laie
           his
           best
           opportunities
           for
           his
           following
           victories
           .
           After
           this
           he
           returned
           into
           his
           Kingdom
           ,
           where
           it
           being
           generally
           noysed
           abroad
           that
           he
           was
           dead
           ,
           he
           found
           a
           young
           childe
           ,
           which
           in
           his
           absence
           Laodice
           ,
           who
           was
           both
           his
           sister
           and
           his
           wife
           ,
           had
           brought
           forth
           .
           But
           after
           his
           long
           travels
           ,
           amidst
           the
           gratulations
           both
           of
           his
           safe
           arrival
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           birth
           of
           his
           son
           ,
           he
           was
           in
           danger
           of
           being
           poysoned
           ;
           for
           his
           sister
           
             Laod
             ce
          
           believing
           he
           had
           been
           dead
           ,
           did
           fall
           into
           an
           incontinent
           life
           ,
           and
           attempting
           to
           conceal
           one
           sin
           by
           committing
           a
           greater
           ,
           did
           resolve
           to
           welcome
           him
           with
           poyson
           ;
           which
           when
           Mithridates
           understood
           by
           her
           maid
           ,
           he
           revenged
           the
           treason
           which
           was
           plotted
           ,
           on
           the
           author
           of
           it
           .
           And
           winter
           drawing
           on
           ,
           he
           spent
           his
           time
           ,
           not
           at
           the
           banquet
           ,
           but
           in
           the
           field
           ,
           not
           in
           sloth
           ,
           but
           in
           exercise
           ,
           not
           amongst
           his
           companions
           ,
           but
           with
           Kings
           equal
           to
           him
           ,
           either
           in
           the
           horse-race
           ,
           or
           the
           foot-race
           ,
           or
           by
           trying
           the
           strength
           of
           bodie
           .
           He
           also
           by
           daily
           exercise
           hardned
           his
           Armie
           to
           the
           same
           patience
           of
           labour
           ,
           and
           being
           unconquered
           himself
           ,
           he
           by
           these
           acts
           
           made
           his
           Armie
           invincible
           .
           Having
           afterwards
           made
           a
           league
           with
           Nicomedes
           ,
           he
           invaded
           Paphlagonia
           ,
           and
           having
           overcome
           it
           ,
           he
           did
           share
           it
           with
           his
           companion
           Nicomedes
           .
           The
           Senate
           being
           informed
           that
           Paphlagonia
           was
           again
           in
           the
           possession
           of
           Kings
           ,
           they
           sent
           Embassadors
           to
           them
           both
           ,
           to
           command
           them
           to
           restore
           the
           Nation
           to
           her
           former
           condition
           .
           Mithridates
           when
           he
           believed
           that
           he
           was
           equall
           to
           the
           Roman
           Greatness
           ,
           did
           return
           a
           proud
           answer
           ,
           which
           was
           ,
           that
           he
           received
           his
           Kingdom
           by
           inheritance
           ,
           and
           did
           much
           wonder
           that
           they
           should
           trouble
           themselves
           with
           a
           Controversie
           which
           did
           not
           belong
           unto
           them
           ;
           and
           being
           nothing
           terrified
           with
           their
           threatnings
           ,
           he
           seized
           upon
           
             Galatia
             .
             Nicomedes
          
           ,
           because
           he
           could
           not
           defend
           himself
           by
           right
           ,
           made
           answer
           ▪
           that
           he
           would
           restore
           his
           part
           to
           a
           lawful
           King
           ,
           and
           (
           having
           changed
           his
           Name
           )
           he
           called
           his
           own
           Son
           Philomenos
           ,
           after
           the
           name
           of
           the
           Kings
           of
           Paphlagonia
           ,
           and
           in
           a
           false
           name
           and
           title
           enjoied
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           as
           if
           he
           had
           restored
           it
           to
           the
           true
           Roial
           Progenie
           :
           And
           thus
           the
           Embassadors
           being
           deluded
           ,
           did
           return
           to
           Rome
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           Eight
           and
           thirtyeth
           BOOK
           OF
           IVSTINE
           .
        
         
           MIthridates
           having
           begun
           his
           parricides
           by
           the
           murder
           of
           his
           own
           wife
           ,
           determined
           with
           himself
           to
           put
           to
           death
           the
           Sons
           of
           his
           other
           sister
           Laodice
           ,
           whose
           husband
           Ariarathes
           King
           of
           Cappadocia
           he
           had
           treacherously
           murdered
           by
           Gordius
           ,
           thinking
           he
           had
           done
           nothing
           in
           murdering
           of
           the
           father
           ,
           if
           the
           young
           men
           still
           enjoyed
           their
           fathers
           Kingdom
           ,
           with
           a
           desire
           whereof
           he
           was
           violently
           transported
           .
           Whiles
           he
           was
           busie
           on
           his
           design
           ,
           Nicomedes
           
           King
           of
           Bithynia
           did
           invade
           Cappadocia
           ,
           destitute
           of
           a
           King
           ;
           which
           when
           Mithridates
           understood
           ,
           in
           a
           counterfeit
           pietie
           he
           sent
           assistance
           to
           his
           sister
           to
           drive
           Nicomedes
           out
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ;
           but
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           a
           contract
           being
           made
           ,
           Laodice
           had
           espoused
           her self
           to
           Nicomedes
           .
           At
           which
           Mithridates
           being
           much
           troubled
           ,
           he
           drove
           the
           Garrison-Souldiers
           and
           others
           of
           the
           Armie
           of
           Nicomedes
           out
           of
           Bithynia
           ,
           and
           restored
           the
           Kingdom
           to
           his
           sisters
           son
           ,
           which
           was
           an
           honorable
           act
           indeed
           ,
           if
           it
           had
           not
           been
           attended
           by
           deceit
           ;
           for
           not
           long
           after
           ,
           he
           pretended
           that
           he
           would
           call
           back
           Gordius
           from
           banishment
           ,
           whom
           he
           used
           as
           his
           minister
           in
           the
           murder
           of
           Ariarathes
           ,
           and
           restore
           him
           to
           his
           Countrie
           ,
           hoping
           if
           the
           young
           man
           should
           not
           give
           waie
           to
           it
           ,
           there
           would
           arise
           from
           thence
           a
           sufficient
           cause
           of
           the
           war
           ,
           or
           if
           he
           should
           permit
           it
           ,
           that
           the
           Son
           might
           be
           destroyed
           by
           thesame
           man
           who
           killed
           his
           father
           ,
           which
           when
           young
           Ariarathes
           did
           understand
           to
           be
           attempted
           by
           Mithridates
           ,
           taking
           it
           deeply
           to
           heart
           ,
           that
           the
           murderer
           of
           his
           father
           should
           be
           called
           from
           banishment
           by
           his
           Uncle
           ,
           he
           imbodied
           a
           mightie
           Armie
           ;
           Mithridates
           brought
           into
           the
           field
           four
           score
           thousand
           foot
           ,
           and
           ten
           thousand
           horse
           ,
           and
           six
           hundred
           Chariots
           armed
           with
           hooks
           of
           steel
           ,
           and
           Ariarathes
           was
           altogether
           as
           
           powerful
           ,
           the
           neighbouring
           Kings
           assisting
           him
           .
           Mithridates
           fearing
           the
           uncertain
           chance
           of
           the
           war
           ,
           did
           alter
           his
           counsels
           ,
           by
           causing
           them
           to
           degenerate
           into
           treachery
           ;
           &
           having
           by
           his
           Agents
           courted
           the
           young
           man
           into
           a
           conference
           ,
           and
           hid
           a
           naked
           sword
           in
           the
           plates
           of
           his
           garment
           ,
           the
           Searcher
           being
           sent
           to
           do
           his
           office
           according
           to
           the
           manner
           then
           of
           Kings
           ,
           with
           great
           curiositie
           examined
           about
           the
           bottom
           of
           his
           belly
           ;
           whereupon
           he
           desired
           him
           to
           take
           heed
           ,
           lest
           he
           found
           another
           weapon
           then
           that
           he
           sought
           for
           ;
           the
           treachery
           being
           thus
           protected
           by
           the
           jeast
           ,
           Mithridates
           having
           called
           him
           aside
           from
           his
           friends
           ,
           as
           if
           he
           would
           confer
           in
           private
           with
           him
           ,
           did
           kill
           him
           ,
           both
           the
           armies
           being
           the
           spectators
           of
           it
           .
           This
           being
           done
           ,
           he
           delivered
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Cappadocia
           to
           Ariarathes
           his
           Son
           ,
           being
           but
           eight
           years
           of
           age
           ,
           having
           made
           Gordius
           Tutor
           over
           him
           ,
           and
           calling
           him
           by
           the
           name
           of
           Ariarathes
           .
           But
           the
           Cappadocians
           being
           incensed
           at
           the
           crueltie
           and
           the
           lust
           of
           Mithridates
           ,
           his
           Lieutenants
           revolted
           from
           him
           ,
           and
           called
           back
           the
           brother
           of
           the
           slaughtered
           King
           from
           Asia
           ,
           where
           he
           was
           bred
           up
           ,
           and
           whose
           name
           was
           Ariarathes
           also
           ,
           with
           whom
           Mithridates
           renewed
           the
           war
           ,
           and
           having
           overcome
           him
           ,
           did
           expell
           him
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Cappadocia
           ;
           and
           not
           long
           after
           the
           young
           
           man
           (
           having
           contracted
           an
           infirmitie
           by
           his
           melancholy
           )
           died
           ;
           after
           his
           death
           Nicomedes
           fearing
           least
           by
           the
           addition
           of
           
             Cappadocia
             ,
             Mithridates
          
           should
           also
           invade
           Bithynia
           that
           bordered
           on
           it
           ,
           did
           suborn
           a
           boy
           ,
           as
           remarkable
           for
           his
           stature
           as
           his
           countenance
           ,
           to
           demand
           of
           the
           Senate
           of
           Rome
           his
           fathers
           Kingdom
           ,
           as
           if
           old
           Ariarathes
           had
           three
           ,
           and
           not
           two
           Sons
           born
           unto
           him
           .
           He
           also
           sent
           his
           wife
           Laodice
           to
           Rome
           to
           be
           a
           witness
           of
           the
           three
           Sons
           begotten
           by
           Ariarathes
           .
           Which
           when
           Mithridates
           understood
           ,
           he
           with
           the
           like
           impudence
           ,
           sent
           Gordius
           to
           Rome
           ,
           to
           assure
           unto
           the
           Senate
           ,
           that
           the
           Boy
           to
           whom
           he
           delivered
           Cappadocia
           ,
           was
           begotten
           of
           that
           Ariarathes
           who
           died
           in
           the
           war
           of
           Aristonicus
           ,
           bringing
           his
           Auxiliaries
           to
           the
           Roman
           Armie
           ▪
           But
           the
           Senate
           being
           prepossessed
           with
           the
           designs
           of
           the
           Kings
           ,
           would
           not
           give
           to
           false
           Names
           the
           Kingdoms
           of
           others
           ,
           but
           took
           Cappadocia
           from
           Mithridates
           ,
           and
           that
           he
           should
           not
           be
           alone
           in
           discontent
           ,
           they
           took
           away
           also
           Paphlagonia
           from
           Nicomedes
           .
           And
           that
           it
           should
           not
           be
           any
           contumely
           to
           the
           Kings
           ,
           that
           the
           Kingdoms
           which
           were
           taken
           from
           them
           should
           be
           given
           unto
           others
           ,
           both
           people
           received
           the
           Donation
           of
           their
           libertie
           .
           But
           the
           Cappadocians
           refused
           their
           gift
           of
           freedom
           ,
           affirming
           that
           their
           Nation
           could
           not
           
           subsist
           without
           a
           King.
           Therefore
           the
           Senate
           did
           constitute
           Ariobarzenes
           to
           be
           their
           King.
           At
           that
           time
           Tigranes
           was
           King
           of
           Armenia
           ,
           not
           long
           before
           given
           as
           a
           pledge
           to
           the
           Parthians
           ,
           and
           now
           lately
           dismissed
           and
           sent
           by
           them
           home
           to
           his
           Fathers
           Kingdom
           .
           Mithridates
           had
           a
           great
           desire
           to
           joyn
           him
           with
           him
           in
           the
           war
           against
           the
           Romans
           ,
           which
           he
           had
           before
           determined
           with
           himself
           .
           Tigranes
           thinking
           nothing
           what
           an
           offence
           it
           would
           be
           against
           the
           Romans
           ,
           was
           by
           Gordius
           excited
           to
           make
           war
           against
           Ariobarzenes
           ,
           a
           man
           of
           a
           heavy
           temper
           &
           not
           able
           to
           oppose
           him
           ;
           and
           that
           there
           should
           be
           no
           suspition
           of
           any
           injury
           to
           be
           contrived
           by
           deceit
           ,
           Mithridates
           did
           give
           him
           his
           Daughter
           Cleopatra
           into
           mariage
           .
           Therefore
           on
           the
           first
           approach
           of
           
             Tigranes
             ,
             Ariobarzenes
          
           having
           taken
           all
           things
           with
           him
           that
           he
           could
           call
           his
           own
           ,
           did
           repair
           to
           Rome
           ;
           and
           thus
           by
           the
           means
           of
           
             Tigranes
             ,
             Cappadocia
          
           became
           again
           under
           the
           power
           of
           Mithridates
           .
           At
           the
           same
           time
           Nicomedes
           being
           deceased
           ,
           his
           son
           ,
           who
           was
           also
           called
           Nicomedes
           ,
           was
           by
           the
           force
           of
           Arms
           beaten
           by
           Mithridates
           from
           his
           fathers
           Kingdom
           ;
           who
           when
           he
           came
           a
           suppliant
           to
           Rome
           ,
           it
           was
           decreed
           in
           the
           Senate
           ,
           that
           they
           should
           both
           be
           restored
           into
           their
           Kingdoms
           ;
           to
           the
           effecting
           of
           which
           ,
           
             Aquilius
             Manlius
          
           ,
           and
           Malthinius
           were
           sent
           Ambassadors
           .
           
           This
           being
           made
           known
           in
           
             Asia
             ,
             Mithridates
          
           being
           to
           make
           war
           against
           the
           Romans
           ,
           did
           enter
           into
           a
           league
           with
           Tigranes
           ,
           and
           articled
           with
           him
           ,
           that
           the
           Cities
           and
           the
           fields
           should
           be
           the
           part
           of
           Mithridates
           ,
           but
           the
           Captives
           and
           all
           the
           movables
           should
           be
           the
           portion
           of
           Tigranes
           .
        
         
           And
           Mithridates
           having
           pondered
           with
           himself
           how
           great
           a
           war
           he
           had
           raised
           ,
           sent
           some
           Ambassadors
           to
           the
           Cymbrians
           ,
           and
           others
           to
           the
           Gallogrecians
           ,
           to
           the
           Sarmatians
           and
           Bastarnians
           ,
           to
           desire
           assistance
           of
           them
           .
           For
           heretofore
           when
           he
           had
           determined
           with
           himself
           to
           make
           war
           against
           the
           Romans
           ,
           he
           obliged
           to
           him
           all
           these
           Nations
           with
           variety
           of
           gifts
           and
           benefits
           .
           He
           also
           sent
           for
           an
           Army
           out
           of
           Scythia
           ,
           and
           armed
           all
           the
           East
           against
           the
           Romans
           :
           therefore
           with
           no
           great
           difficulty
           he
           overthrew
           Aquilius
           and
           Malthinius
           ,
           who
           commanded
           the
           Asiatick
           Army
           ,
           who
           being
           routed
           and
           driven
           out
           of
           the
           field
           with
           Nicomedes
           ,
           he
           wasreceived
           with
           an
           extraordinary
           great
           applause
           of
           the
           Cities
           .
           In
           those
           he
           found
           great
           store
           both
           of
           Gold
           laid
           up
           by
           the
           thrifty
           providence
           of
           the
           former
           Kings
           ;
           he
           found
           also
           great
           store
           of
           Arms
           and
           Provision
           for
           the
           war
           ,
           with
           which
           being
           furnished
           ,
           he
           remitted
           to
           the
           Cities
           their
           publick
           and
           private
           debts
           ,
           and
           for
           five
           years
           did
           free
           them
           from
           all
           Impositions
           .
           
           After
           this
           ,
           having
           called
           his
           soldiers
           to
           a
           general
           Assembly
           ,
           with
           several
           exhortations
           he
           did
           excite
           them
           to
           the
           Roman
           ,
           or
           rather
           the
           Asiatick
           Wars
           .
           The
           Copy
           of
           his
           Speech
           I
           have
           thought
           worthy
           to
           insert
           into
           the
           narrow
           compass
           of
           this
           work
           ,
           which
           
             Pompeius
             Trogus
          
           did
           interpret
           to
           be
           indirect
           ,
           and
           reprehended
           both
           
             Livy
             ▪
          
           and
           Salust
           ,
           that
           (
           inserting
           set
           speeches
           into
           their
           writings
           as
           the
           orations
           of
           the
           parties
           interested
           )
           they
           did
           exceed
           the
           bounds
           of
           History
           .
           Mithridates
           said
           ,
           that
           it
           was
           to
           be
           wished
           that
           he
           might
           have
           leave
           to
           take
           Counsel
           ,
           whether
           war
           or
           peace
           were
           to
           be
           had
           with
           the
           Romans
           ;
           since
           we
           are
           bound
           to
           resist
           those
           who
           do
           oppose
           us
           ;
           and
           those
           are
           not
           to
           be
           in
           doubt
           what
           to
           determine
           on
           ,
           who
           are
           without
           hope
           of
           Victory
           :
           For
           against
           thieves
           ,
           though
           we
           cannot
           for
           our
           safety
           ,
           yet
           we
           all
           do
           draw
           our
           sword
           for
           revenge
           ;
           but
           because
           that
           is
           not
           in
           question
           whether
           we
           ought
           to
           set
           down
           ,
           being
           lookt
           upon
           not
           only
           with
           hostile
           minds
           ,
           but
           assaulted
           also
           with
           hostile
           arms
           ;
           the
           present
           Counsel
           to
           be
           demanded
           is
           ,
           upon
           what
           hope
           and
           account
           we
           may
           maintain
           the
           wars
           begun
           ?
           For
           his
           own
           part
           ,
           he
           affirmed
           he
           had
           a
           confidence
           of
           the
           Victory
           ,
           if
           they
           had
           a
           generous
           Resolution
           to
           fight
           :
           and
           it
           was
           known
           as
           much
           to
           his
           soldiers
           as
           to
           himself
           ,
           that
           the
           Romans
           
           that
           were
           to
           be
           overcome
           ,
           were
           they
           who
           overthrew
           Aquilius
           in
           Bithynia
           ,
           and
           Malthinus
           in
           Cappadocia
           ;
           But
           if
           other
           examples
           would
           perswade
           more
           then
           his
           own
           Experience
           ,
           he
           had
           heard
           that
           Pyrrhus
           King
           of
           Epirus
           commanding
           an
           Army
           of
           not
           above
           five
           thousand
           Macedons
           ,
           did
           in
           three
           battails
           overthrow
           the
           Romans
           .
           He
           had
           heard
           that
           Annibal
           had
           continued
           a
           Conquerour
           in
           Italy
           for
           the
           space
           of
           sixteen
           years
           together
           ,
           and
           that
           he
           might
           have
           taken
           the
           City
           it self
           ,
           were
           he
           not
           hindred
           by
           a
           faction
           of
           emulating
           and
           envious
           spirits
           at
           home
           ,
           and
           not
           by
           any
           power
           of
           the
           Romans
           .
           He
           had
           heard
           he
           said
           ,
           how
           the
           people
           of
           
             Transalpine
             Gaule
          
           had
           invaded
           Italy
           ,
           and
           possessed
           themselves
           of
           the
           most
           and
           greatest
           Cities
           therein
           ,
           and
           had
           there
           larger
           territories
           then
           they
           enjoyed
           in
           Asia
           ,
           which
           was
           said
           to
           be
           but
           weak
           in
           comparison
           of
           Rome
           ,
           neither
           was
           Rome
           only
           overcome
           by
           the
           Gauls
           ,
           but
           it
           was
           taken
           also
           by
           them
           ,
           and
           nothing
           was
           left
           them
           but
           only
           the
           top
           of
           one
           hill
           ,
           from
           whence
           they
           were
           removed
           not
           by
           war
           ,
           but
           by
           money
           .
           But
           as
           for
           the
           Gauls
           (
           whose
           Name
           was
           so
           terrible
           to
           the
           Romans
           )
           he
           had
           a
           great
           part
           of
           them
           amongst
           his
           own
           Auxiliaries
           ;
           for
           the
           Gauls
           he
           said
           ,
           who
           do
           inhabit
           Asia
           ,
           do
           only
           differ
           from
           those
           in
           Italy
           by
           the
           distance
           of
           place
           ,
           but
           
           had
           the
           same
           original
           ,
           the
           same
           courage
           ,
           and
           the
           same
           manner
           of
           fight
           ;
           who
           had
           so
           much
           the
           more
           clear
           and
           apprehensive
           wits
           ,
           as
           they
           had
           adventured
           a
           more
           long
           and
           difficult
           march
           through
           Illyricum
           and
           Thracia
           ,
           who
           have
           their
           residence
           in
           other
           places
           .
           As
           for
           Italy
           it self
           ,
           did
           they
           never
           hear
           how
           ,
           and
           by
           whom
           Rome
           was
           builded
           ?
           which
           though
           now
           at
           peace
           with
           it self
           ,
           yet
           some
           of
           them
           dayly
           for
           their
           liberty
           ,
           and
           others
           for
           the
           power
           of
           Command
           have
           persevered
           in
           continual
           wars
           ;
           How
           many
           Armies
           of
           the
           Romans
           have
           been
           overthrown
           by
           the
           Cities
           of
           Italy
           ,
           and
           some
           of
           them
           by
           a
           new
           way
           of
           Contumely
           thrust
           under
           the
           yoak
           :
           And
           that
           we
           may
           not
           dwell
           on
           old
           Examples
           ,
           all
           Italy
           is
           now
           in
           Arms
           excited
           by
           the
           Marsick
           war
           ,
           demanding
           now
           not
           liberty
           ,
           but
           to
           be
           partakers
           in
           the
           Empire
           ,
           and
           of
           the
           freedom
           of
           the
           City
           of
           
             Rome
             ▪
          
           neither
           is
           the
           City
           more
           oppressed
           with
           the
           neighbou●ing
           war
           of
           Italy
           ,
           then
           with
           the
           domestick
           faction
           of
           the
           Governours
           ,
           &
           ●
           war
           even
           with
           their
           own
           Citizens
           doth
           grow
           upon
           them
           far
           more
           dangerous
           then
           the
           war
           with
           Italy
           .
           The
           Cymbrians
           also
           from
           Germany
           like
           a
           vast
           deluge
           of
           wild
           and
           ungoverned
           people
           ,
           do
           at
           this
           present
           overwhelm
           all
           Italy
           .
           And
           although
           the
           Romans
           peradventure
           could
           maintain
           the
           several
           wars
           one
           after
           another
           ,
           yet
           they
           must
           
           needs
           now
           suffer
           ,
           so
           many
           wars
           coming
           all
           at
           once
           upon
           them
           ,
           insomuch
           that
           they
           cannot
           be
           at
           leisure
           to
           follow
           this
           very
           war
           that
           they
           do
           make
           upon
           us
           ;
           we
           make
           use
           therefore
           of
           this
           present
           occasion
           ,
           and
           pluck
           from
           them
           the
           increase
           of
           their
           strength
           ,
           and
           not
           give
           them
           leave
           to
           rest
           ,
           being
           so
           deeply
           engaged
           ,
           lest
           hereat
           they
           might
           finde
           more
           work
           ,
           being
           quiet
           at
           home
           ,
           and
           without
           another
           enemie
           ;
           for
           the
           question
           is
           not
           to
           be
           put
           ,
           whether
           we
           should
           take
           arms
           or
           no
           ,
           but
           whether
           of
           our selves
           ,
           or
           provoked
           by
           the
           Romans
           .
        
         
           But
           the
           war
           he
           said
           was
           indeed
           begun
           against
           him
           by
           them
           ,
           when
           in
           his
           nonage
           they
           took
           the
           greater
           Phrygia
           from
           him
           ,
           which
           they
           granted
           should
           be
           given
           to
           his
           father
           ,
           as
           a
           reward
           for
           the
           aide
           he
           brought
           against
           Aristonicus
           ,
           it
           being
           the
           same
           Countrie
           which
           
             Seleucus
             Callimacus
          
           gave
           in
           Dowrie
           to
           his
           Grand-father
           Mithridates
           .
           And
           what
           shall
           I
           say
           to
           the
           command
           laid
           upon
           me
           to
           depart
           from
           Paphlagonia
           ;
           was
           not
           that
           another
           motive
           of
           the
           war
           ?
           espeeially
           since
           Paphlagonia
           came
           not
           by
           the
           power
           of
           the
           sword
           ,
           but
           descended
           to
           my
           Father
           by
           inheritance
           ,
           by
           adoption
           in
           Will
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           death
           of
           successive
           Kings
           ;
           and
           in
           giving
           obedience
           to
           their
           violent
           Decrees
           ,
           I
           have
           no
           waies
           mitigated
           them
           ,
           but
           they
           have
           still
           deported
           themselvs
           more
           violently
           against
           me
           .
           For
           
           he
           said
           ,
           what
           obsequiousness
           was
           not
           afforded
           to
           them
           by
           him
           ?
           was
           not
           Phrygia
           and
           Paphlagonia
           taken
           from
           him
           ?
           was
           not
           his
           Son
           forced
           from
           Cappadocia
           ?
           which
           by
           the
           Law
           of
           Nations
           he
           seized
           upon
           being
           Conquerour
           ;
           but
           his
           victorie
           was
           ravished
           from
           him
           by
           them
           ,
           who
           have
           nothing
           at
           all
           but
           what
           they
           have
           purchased
           by
           the
           sword
           .
           Was
           not
           Crestos
           the
           King
           of
           Bithynia
           (
           against
           whom
           the
           Senate
           had
           denounced
           war
           )
           cut
           off
           by
           him
           to
           do
           them
           a
           favour
           ?
           yet
           in
           whatsoever
           Gordius
           or
           Tigranes
           had
           offended
           ,
           it
           must
           be
           reckoned
           all
           on
           his
           account
           .
           He
           alledged
           also
           that
           in
           the
           ignominie
           of
           him
           ,
           the
           Senate
           of
           their
           own
           accord
           offered
           that
           libertie
           to
           Cappadocia
           ,
           which
           they
           took
           from
           other
           Nations
           ▪
           and
           that
           people
           instead
           of
           their
           proffered
           libertie
           ,
           desiring
           Gordius
           to
           be
           their
           king
           ,
           it
           could
           not
           be
           granted
           because
           Gordius
           was
           his
           friend
           .
           Nicomedes
           also
           by
           their
           command
           had
           made
           war
           upon
           him
           ,
           and
           was
           assisted
           by
           them
           ,
           because
           Mithridates
           did
           pass
           unrevenged
           ;
           and
           now
           they
           finde
           the
           same
           cause
           of
           war
           with
           Mithridates
           ,
           because
           he
           would
           not
           tamely
           yield
           himself
           to
           be
           torn
           in
           pieces
           by
           Nicomedes
           the
           Son
           of
           a
           vaulting
           woman
           ;
           for
           they
           did
           not
           so
           much
           pursue
           the
           faults
           of
           Kings
           ,
           as
           their
           Power
           and
           their
           Majestie
           ,
           neither
           did
           they
           with
           so
           much
           violence
           exercise
           his
           art
           on
           him
           
           alone
           ,
           but
           on
           all
           other
           Kings
           also
           ;
           so
           his
           Grand-father
           Pharnaces
           was
           by
           their
           arbitration
           delivered
           up
           to
           Eumenes
           King
           of
           Pergamus
           ;
           So
           Eumenes
           again
           ,
           in
           whose
           Ships
           they
           were
           first
           transported
           into
           Asia
           ,
           by
           whose
           Armie
           rather
           then
           by
           their
           own
           ,
           they
           overcame
           both
           Antiochus
           the
           great
           ,
           and
           the
           Gauls
           in
           Asia
           ;
           and
           not
           long
           after
           King
           Perseus
           in
           Macedonia
           ,
           was
           at
           the
           last
           censured
           by
           them
           as
           their
           Enemie
           ,
           and
           forbidden
           to
           come
           into
           Italie
           ;
           and
           because
           they
           thought
           it
           would
           render
           them
           odious
           to
           make
           war
           with
           him
           in
           his
           own
           person
           ,
           they
           deferred
           it
           for
           a
           while
           ,
           to
           carrie
           it
           on
           with
           more
           violence
           against
           his
           Son
           Aristonicus
           .
           They
           professed
           that
           no
           man
           deserved
           better
           of
           them
           ,
           then
           Masinissa
           King
           of
           the
           Numidians
           ;
           to
           him
           they
           imputed
           the
           Conquest
           of
           Annibal
           ,
           the
           Captivitie
           of
           
             Syphax
             ▪
          
           and
           the
           destruction
           of
           Carthage
           ;
           to
           him
           as
           well
           as
           unto
           the
           two
           Scipios
           ,
           called
           Africani
           ,
           the
           title
           was
           ascribed
           of
           
             Preserver
             of
             the
             Citie
          
           ;
           and
           yet
           the
           war
           waged
           but
           the
           other
           daie
           in
           Africa
           with
           his
           Son
           ,
           was
           so
           inexpiable
           ,
           that
           having
           overcome
           him
           ,
           they
           would
           give
           no
           respect
           in
           him
           to
           the
           memorie
           of
           his
           Father
           ,
           but
           he
           must
           endure
           both
           imprisonment
           ,
           and
           become
           the
           spectacle
           of
           the
           Triumph
           .
           This
           condition
           and
           height
           of
           hatred
           was
           imposed
           by
           them
           on
           all
           Kings
           ,
           because
           their
           own
           Kings
           were
           
           such
           ,
           at
           whose
           very
           names
           they
           might
           blush
           ,
           being
           either
           Stepherds
           of
           the
           Aborigines
           ,
           or
           Southsaiers
           of
           the
           Sabins
           ,
           or
           Ex●ls
           of
           the
           Corinthians
           ,
           or
           slaves
           and
           varlets
           of
           the
           Tuscans
           ,
           or
           (
           whose
           name
           is
           most
           honourable
           amongst
           them
           ,
           and
           as
           they
           themselves
           assert
           are
           their
           founders
           )
           those
           who
           were
           nourished
           with
           the
           Milk
           of
           a
           Shee
           ▪
           Wolf
           ;
           accordingly
           all
           their
           people
           have
           the
           minds
           of
           Wolves
           ,
           insatiate
           of
           blood
           ,
           and
           greedie
           and
           hungry
           after
           riches
           and
           soveraigntie
           .
           But
           if
           he
           would
           descend
           to
           compare
           himself
           in
           his
           Nobilitie
           with
           them
           ,
           he
           was
           far
           more
           famous
           he
           said
           ,
           then
           that
           litter
           of
           mongrels
           ▪
           deriving
           his
           Ancestors
           on
           his
           fathers
           side
           ,
           from
           Cyrus
           and
           Darius
           ,
           the
           founders
           of
           the
           Persian
           Empire
           ,
           and
           on
           his
           mothers
           side
           from
           Alexander
           the
           great
           ,
           and
           
             Nicanor
             Seleucus
          
           ,
           the
           Erectors
           of
           the
           Macedonian
           Empire
           ;
           or
           if
           he
           should
           compare
           his
           people
           to
           theirs
           ,
           they
           were
           of
           those
           Nations
           who
           are
           not
           onely
           equal
           to
           the
           Roman
           Empire
           ,
           but
           opposed
           the
           Macedonian
           ;
           no
           Nation
           that
           is
           subject
           unto
           him
           ,
           did
           ever
           stoop
           to
           the
           commands
           of
           a
           forreign
           Potentate
           ,
           and
           obeyed
           none
           but
           their
           own
           Domestick
           Kings
           ;
           would
           they
           have
           him
           to
           make
           mention
           of
           Cappadocia
           or
           Paphlagonia
           ,
           of
           Pontus
           or
           Bithynia
           ,
           or
           of
           Armenia
           ,
           the
           greater
           or
           the
           less
           ,
           none
           of
           which
           Nations
           ,
           neither
           Alexander
           
           the
           great
           ,
           who
           subdued
           all
           Asia
           ,
           nor
           any
           of
           his
           Successors
           or
           Posteritie
           ever
           touched
           .
           As
           for
           Scythia
           ,
           it
           is
           true
           indeed
           ,
           that
           two
           Kings
           before
           him
           adventured
           not
           so
           much
           to
           subdue
           as
           to
           invade
           it
           ;
           Darius
           by
           name
           ,
           and
           Philip
           ,
           who
           had
           much
           to
           do
           to
           escape
           from
           thence
           by
           flight
           ,
           from
           whence
           he
           shall
           receive
           the
           greatest
           part
           of
           his
           strength
           against
           the
           Romans
           .
           He
           affirmed
           he
           undertook
           the
           Pontick
           wars
           ,
           with
           far
           more
           fear
           and
           diffidence
           then
           this
           ,
           he
           being
           then
           but
           a
           young
           man
           ,
           and
           unexperienced
           in
           the
           Discipline
           of
           war.
           The
           
             Scythians
             ▪
          
           howsoever
           then
           his
           enemies
           ,
           (
           besides
           their
           Arms
           ,
           and
           courage
           of
           their
           minds
           )
           were
           fortified
           with
           the
           solitude
           and
           inhospitable
           coldness
           of
           their
           climate
           ,
           by
           which
           ,
           their
           great
           labor
           in
           war
           ,
           and
           their
           contempt
           of
           dangers
           was
           the
           more
           declared
           ;
           amongst
           which
           difficulties
           ,
           there
           could
           not
           be
           any
           hope
           of
           reward
           expected
           from
           a
           wandring
           enemie
           ,
           and
           destitute
           not
           onely
           of
           money
           ,
           but
           of
           habitations
           ;
           but
           he
           now
           undertook
           another
           waie
           of
           war
           ;
           for
           there
           is
           no
           climate
           more
           temperate
           then
           the
           Air
           of
           Asia
           ,
           nor
           any
           place
           more
           fruitful
           of
           soyl
           ,
           nor
           more
           pleasant
           in
           the
           multitude
           of
           Cities
           ;
           and
           they
           should
           consume
           the
           greatest
           part
           of
           their
           time
           ,
           not
           as
           it
           were
           in
           war
           ,
           but
           in
           keeping
           of
           holy-daies
           ;
           and
           it
           is
           hard
           to
           say
           ,
           in
           a
           service
           more
           easie
           or
           more
           aboundant
           ,
           whether
           
           they
           are
           to
           march
           to
           the
           neighboring
           possessions
           of
           the
           Attalick
           Kingdoms
           ,
           or
           to
           the
           antient
           Cities
           of
           
             Lydia
             &
             Jonia
          
           ,
           which
           they
           should
           not
           go
           to
           overcome
           ,
           but
           to
           possess
           .
           And
           Asia
           it self
           ,
           desirous
           of
           his
           approach
           ,
           doth
           so
           much
           expect
           him
           ,
           that
           she
           seemeth
           even
           to
           court
           his
           presence
           ,
           and
           to
           call
           upon
           him
           with
           her
           voice
           ;
           so
           hateful
           had
           the
           Romans
           made
           themselves
           unto
           her
           ,
           by
           the
           ravenous
           avarice
           of
           their
           Proconsuls
           ,
           the
           exactions
           of
           their
           Publicans
           ,
           and
           the
           calumnie
           of
           their
           contentions
           .
           Let
           them
           therefore
           (
           he
           concluded
           )
           follow
           him
           with
           resolution
           ,
           and
           collect
           to
           themselves
           what
           so
           great
           an
           Armie
           might
           atchieve
           under
           his
           command
           ,
           whom
           without
           the
           aide
           of
           any
           Souldier
           ,
           they
           saw
           with
           his
           own
           strength
           to
           have
           taken
           in
           Cappadocia
           ,
           and
           to
           have
           slain
           the
           King
           thereof
           ,
           who
           the
           first
           of
           all
           mankinde
           subdued
           Pontus
           and
           all
           Scythia
           ,
           which
           no
           man
           before
           him
           could
           with
           safetie
           pass
           by
           ,
           much
           less
           invade
           .
           Nor
           could
           his
           Souldiers
           be
           ignorant
           ,
           he
           said
           ,
           of
           his
           Justice
           and
           liberalitie
           ,
           having
           those
           demonstrations
           of
           it
           ,
           that
           alone
           of
           all
           Kings
           he
           possessed
           not
           onely
           his
           Fathers
           Kingdoms
           ,
           but
           had
           added
           other
           Kingdoms
           to
           them
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           his
           munificence
           ,
           as
           
             Colchos
             ,
             Paphlagonia
          
           ,
           and
           Bosp●orus
           .
           Having
           with
           this
           Oration
           excited
           his
           Souldiers
           ,
           in
           the
           three
           and
           thirtieth
           year
           of
           his
           Reign
           he
           descended
           to
           the
           wars
           with
           
           Rome
           .
           At
           the
           same
           time
           King
           Ptolomy
           being
           dead
           in
           Egypt
           ,
           his
           Kingdom
           and
           his
           sister
           Queen
           Cleopatra
           ,
           who
           was
           his
           wife
           also
           ,
           was
           by
           Embassadors
           presented
           to
           that
           Ptolomy
           ,
           who
           was
           King
           of
           Cyrene
           .
           At
           which
           Ptolomy
           much
           rejoyced
           ,
           but
           especially
           that
           without
           contestation
           he
           should
           be
           possessed
           in
           his
           Brothers
           Kingdom
           ,
           to
           which
           he
           knew
           that
           the
           Son
           of
           his
           Brother
           was
           appointed
           both
           by
           his
           mother
           Cleopatra
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           favor
           of
           the
           Princes
           .
           Not
           long
           after
           (
           all
           being
           displeased
           with
           him
           )
           he
           no
           sooner
           entred
           into
           Alexandria
           ,
           and
           commanded
           all
           the
           favourers
           of
           the
           young
           childe
           to
           be
           put
           to
           death
           ;
           and
           on
           that
           very
           day
           in
           which
           he
           married
           his
           mother
           ,
           he
           killed
           the
           young
           Prince
           in
           the
           mothers
           imbraces
           of
           him
           ,
           in
           the
           midst
           of
           the
           Banquet
           and
           the
           solemnitie
           of
           this
           marriage
           ;
           and
           thus
           he
           ascended
           his
           sisters
           bed
           ,
           bloodie
           with
           the
           slaughter
           of
           her
           Son.
           Afterwards
           ,
           he
           was
           not
           more
           milde
           unto
           the
           people
           who
           called
           him
           unto
           the
           succession
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ;
           for
           licentiousness
           being
           given
           to
           the
           forreign
           Souldiers
           ,
           all
           things
           did
           daily
           flow
           with
           blood
           ,
           and
           at
           last
           (
           having
           by
           force
           ravished
           her
           daughter
           ,
           and
           taken
           her
           afterwards
           into
           marriage
           )
           he
           divorced
           himself
           from
           his
           sister
           .
           With
           which
           crueltie
           the
           people
           being
           affrighted
           ,
           they
           stole
           away
           into
           several
           places
           ,
           and
           having
           wilfully
           banished
           themselves
           ,
           they
           
           forsook
           their
           Country
           for
           the
           fear
           of
           death
           .
           Ptolomy
           therefore
           with
           his
           own
           servants
           being
           left
           alone
           in
           so
           great
           a
           City
           ,
           when
           he
           perceived
           himself
           to
           be
           a
           King
           not
           of
           men
           ,
           but
           of
           empty
           houses
           ,
           did
           publish
           a
           declaration
           ,
           solliciting
           all
           Strangers
           to
           inhabit
           the
           City
           ,
           who
           coming
           in
           great
           numbers
           to
           him
           ,
           he
           not
           long
           after
           did
           go
           himself
           to
           meet
           
             Scipio
             Africanus
             ,
             Spurius
             Mummius
          
           ,
           and
           
             Lucius
             Metellus
          
           the
           Ambassadors
           of
           the
           Romans
           ,
           who
           made
           a
           visitation
           into
           those
           parts
           to
           observe
           the
           condition
           and
           kingdoms
           of
           their
           Confederates
           .
        
         
           But
           he
           appeared
           as
           ridiculous
           to
           the
           Romans
           ,
           as
           bloody
           to
           all
           the
           Citizens
           ;
           for
           he
           was
           deformed
           in
           countenance
           ,
           and
           short
           in
           stature
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           obeseness
           of
           his
           strutting
           belly
           ,
           more
           like
           unto
           a
           Beast
           then
           to
           a
           man
           ;
           which
           filthiness
           ,
           his
           tiffanies
           and
           light
           garments
           which
           he
           had
           on
           did
           encrease
           ,
           as
           if
           those
           parts
           offered
           themselves
           to
           be
           seen
           as
           through
           a
           vail
           ,
           which
           Modesty
           commands
           us
           with
           diligence
           to
           conceal
           .
        
         
           After
           the
           departure
           of
           the
           Ambassadors
           ,
           amongst
           whom
           while
           Africanus
           walked
           forth
           to
           behold
           the
           City
           ,
           he
           became
           a
           spectacle
           of
           honor
           himself
           to
           the
           
             Alexandrians
             ;
             Ptolomy
          
           (
           being
           hated
           by
           the
           Strangers
           also
           that
           were
           become
           Citizens
           )
           did
           silently
           for
           fear
           of
           treachery
           ,
           depart
           into
           banishment
           ,
           having
           
           taken
           with
           him
           his
           son
           which
           he
           had
           begotten
           on
           his
           sister
           ,
           and
           his
           new
           wife
           whom
           he
           had
           married
           ,
           having
           put
           away
           her
           mother
           ,
           and
           having
           with
           money
           contracted
           a
           mercenary
           army
           ,
           be
           made
           war
           at
           once
           on
           his
           Sister
           ,
           and
           his
           Country
           ;
           After
           this
           ,
           having
           sent
           for
           his
           eldest
           son
           from
           Cyrene
           ,
           that
           the
           Alexandrians
           should
           not
           make
           him
           their
           King
           against
           him
           ,
           he
           put
           him
           to
           death
           ;
           whereupon
           the
           people
           pulled
           down
           his
           Statues
           and
           Images
           ,
           which
           he
           conceiving
           to
           be
           done
           in
           favour
           of
           his
           Sister
           ,
           he
           slow
           that
           Son
           also
           whom
           he
           begot
           on
           her
           ,
           and
           having
           divided
           his
           Body
           into
           several
           parts
           ,
           and
           put
           it
           into
           a
           Coffin
           ,
           he
           sent
           it
           to
           his
           Mother
           on
           that
           day
           whereon
           she
           made
           yeerly
           a
           great
           feast
           for
           the
           solemnity
           of
           his
           Birth
           ;
           which
           was
           a
           sight
           not
           only
           grievous
           and
           much
           lamented
           by
           the
           Mother
           ,
           but
           by
           all
           the
           City
           also
           ,
           and
           brought
           so
           much
           grief
           in
           the
           height
           of
           all
           their
           mirth
           at
           the
           banket
           ,
           that
           all
           the
           Court
           was
           filled
           with
           a
           great
           and
           a
           suddain
           lamentation
           .
        
         
           The
           Inclinations
           of
           the
           Princes
           being
           therefore
           turned
           from
           feasting
           into
           mourning
           ,
           they
           shewed
           to
           the
           people
           the
           dismembred
           body
           of
           the
           young
           Prince
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           murder
           of
           his
           own
           son
           did
           declare
           what
           they
           ought
           themselves
           to
           expect
           of
           their
           King.
           Cleopatra
           having
           ended
           the
           dayes
           of
           her
           mourning
           for
           the
           death
           of
           her
           son
           ,
           when
           
           she
           perceived
           that
           she
           was
           oppressed
           by
           a
           war
           also
           from
           her
           late
           husband
           her
           brother
           ,
           she
           by
           her
           Ambassadors
           demanded
           aid
           of
           Demetrius
           King
           of
           Syria
           ,
           whose
           own
           fortunes
           were
           as
           various
           as
           they
           were
           memorable
           ;
           For
           when
           Demetrius
           made
           war
           against
           the
           Parthians
           ,
           as
           mention
           hath
           been
           made
           before
           ,
           and
           in
           many
           encounters
           overcame
           them
           ,
           being
           on
           a
           sudden
           surrounded
           by
           an
           Ambuscado
           ,
           having
           lost
           his
           Army
           ,
           he
           was
           taken
           himself
           .
        
         
           Arsacides
           King
           of
           the
           Parthians
           ,
           in
           the
           greatness
           of
           his
           royal
           spirit
           having
           sent
           him
           into
           Hyrcania
           ,
           did
           not
           only
           honour
           him
           with
           the
           Respect
           due
           unto
           a
           King
           ,
           but
           gave
           him
           his
           daughter
           also
           in
           marriage
           ,
           and
           promised
           to
           restore
           unto
           him
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Syria
           ,
           which
           in
           his
           absence
           Trypho
           became
           Master
           of
           .
           After
           his
           death
           ,
           Demetrius
           despayring
           of
           return
           ,
           and
           not
           enduring
           Captivity
           ,
           and
           loathing
           a
           private
           life
           ,
           although
           a
           fatt
           one
           and
           a
           wealthy
           ,
           did
           contrive
           with
           himself
           how
           he
           might
           escape
           into
           his
           own
           Kingdom
           .
           His
           friend
           Calamander
           was
           both
           his
           Companion
           ,
           and
           his
           perswader
           to
           undertake
           this
           journey
           ,
           who
           after
           his
           Captivity
           in
           Syria
           ,
           having
           hired
           a
           guide
           ,
           did
           bring
           him
           disguized
           in
           a
           Parthians
           habit
           through
           the
           desarts
           of
           Arabia
           into
           Babylon
           ;
           But
           Phrahartes
           who
           succeeded
           Arsacides
           ,
           by
           the
           swiftness
           of
           his
           
           horses
           did
           cause
           him
           to
           be
           brought
           back
           ,
           being
           overtaken
           by
           the
           compendiousness
           of
           their
           goings
           ;
           Being
           brought
           unto
           the
           King
           ,
           he
           not
           only
           pardoned
           Calamander
           ,
           but
           gave
           him
           a
           reward
           for
           his
           fidelity
           to
           his
           friend
           ;
           but
           having
           very
           roundly
           checked
           Demetrius
           ,
           he
           sent
           him
           to
           his
           wife
           in
           Hyrcania
           ,
           and
           commanded
           that
           he
           should
           be
           observed
           by
           a
           stricter
           guard
           :
           In
           process
           of
           time
           ,
           when
           the
           children
           which
           he
           had
           by
           his
           wife
           ,
           did
           seem
           to
           be
           a
           stronger
           obligation
           on
           him
           for
           his
           fidelity
           ,
           he
           did
           endeavour
           to
           make
           his
           escape
           again
           ,
           having
           the
           same
           friend
           to
           be
           his
           Companion
           ▪
           but
           by
           the
           same
           infelicity
           he
           was
           taken
           again
           near
           unto
           the
           bounds
           of
           his
           own
           Kingdom
           ▪
           and
           being
           the
           second
           time
           brought
           unto
           the
           King
           ,
           he
           was
           looked
           upon
           as
           a
           hated
           man
           ,
           and
           not
           suffered
           to
           come
           into
           his
           presence
           .
           But
           being
           then
           also
           dismissed
           to
           his
           wife
           and
           children
           ,
           he
           was
           sent
           back
           into
           Hyrcania
           and
           confined
           to
           a
           City
           ,
           upon
           a
           penalty
           not
           to
           go
           out
           of
           it
           ,
           and
           in
           the
           reproach
           of
           his
           childish
           levity
           ,
           was
           laden
           with
           golden
           shackles
           .
           But
           no
           compassion
           of
           the
           Parthians
           ,
           nor
           respect
           of
           any
           consanguinity
           was
           the
           occasion
           of
           this
           their
           clemency
           towards
           Demetrius
           ,
           but
           because
           the
           Parthians
           affected
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Syria
           ,
           they
           determined
           to
           make
           use
           of
           Demetrius
           against
           his
           brother
           Antiochus
           ,
           as
           the
           opportunity
           
           of
           time
           or
           the
           fortune
           of
           the
           war
           should
           require
           .
           This
           being
           understood
           ,
           Antiochus
           thinking
           it
           discretion
           to
           take
           the
           advantage
           to
           begin
           the
           war
           ,
           did
           conduct
           his
           Army
           ,
           which
           he
           had
           hardened
           with
           many
           neighbouring
           wars
           against
           the
           Parthians
           ;
           But
           his
           preparation
           for
           luxury
           ,
           was
           no
           less
           then
           for
           the
           carrying
           on
           of
           the
           war
           ,
           for
           three
           thousand
           of
           his
           black
           guard
           followed
           eight
           thousand
           of
           the
           armed
           men
           ;
           amongst
           whom
           also
           ,
           a
           great
           number
           were
           Cooks
           ,
           Bakers
           and
           Players
           ▪
           and
           all
           of
           them
           so
           abounding
           with
           Gold
           and
           Silver
           ,
           that
           the
           common
           Soldiers
           had
           their
           shoes
           enterlaced
           with
           Gold
           ,
           and
           trod
           upon
           that
           mettal
           ;
           for
           the
           love
           of
           which
           all
           other
           Nations
           do
           fight
           with
           steel
           .
           In
           their
           Kitchings
           also
           their
           instruments
           were
           of
           silver
           ,
           as
           if
           they
           advanced
           rather
           to
           keep
           some
           great
           feast
           ,
           then
           to
           prosecute
           a
           war.
           
        
         
           Anticohus
           approaching
           ,
           many
           Kings
           of
           the
           East
           did
           meet
           him
           ,
           who
           in
           detestation
           of
           the
           Parthian
           Pride
           ,
           delivered
           themselves
           and
           their
           kingdoms
           to
           him
           .
           Not
           long
           after
           the
           battail
           began
           ,
           and
           Antiochus
           having
           overthrown
           his
           Enemies
           in
           three
           several
           fields
           ,
           and
           possessed
           himself
           of
           Babylon
           ,
           he
           was
           called
           Antiochus
           the
           great
           ;
           And
           the
           people
           in
           all
           the
           neighbouring
           Nations
           revolting
           to
           him
           ,
           there
           was
           nothing
           left
           to
           the
           Parthians
           
           but
           their
           own
           Country
           ,
           and
           the
           boundaries
           of
           it
           .
           At
           the
           same
           time
           Phrahartes
           sent
           Demetrius
           into
           Syria
           with
           a
           considerable
           Army
           of
           the
           Parthians
           ,
           to
           possess
           himself
           of
           his
           own
           Kingdom
           ,
           that
           upon
           that
           account
           Antiochus
           should
           be
           called
           off
           from
           Parthia
           to
           defend
           his
           own
           Interests
           .
           And
           because
           he
           could
           not
           overcome
           him
           by
           strength
           ,
           he
           did
           every
           where
           attempt
           him
           by
           Stratagems
           .
           The
           Army
           of
           Antiochus
           abounding
           with
           multitudes
           ,
           the
           winter
           coming
           on
           ,
           he
           quartered
           his
           Army
           in
           several
           Cities
           ,
           which
           was
           the
           cause
           of
           his
           destruction
           ;
           For
           when
           the
           Cities
           beheld
           themselves
           oppressed
           with
           the
           billeting
           ▪
           &
           the
           injuries
           of
           the
           soldiers
           ,
           they
           revolted
           to
           their
           old
           Masters
           the
           Parthians
           and
           on
           a
           prefixed
           day
           ,
           by
           treacheries
           they
           did
           all
           assault
           the
           divided
           Army
           ,
           that
           thereby
           one
           might
           be
           disabled
           to
           bring
           assistance
           unto
           the
           other
           .
           Which
           when
           Antiochus
           understood
           ,
           being
           resolved
           to
           relieve
           those
           who
           were
           next
           unto
           him
           ,
           he
           advanced
           with
           that
           party
           which
           with
           him
           had
           their
           winter
           quarters
           .
        
         
           In
           his
           way
           ,
           he
           encountred
           with
           the
           King
           of
           the
           Parthians
           ,
           against
           whom
           in
           his
           person
           he
           fought
           more
           couragio●sly
           then
           all
           his
           Armie
           .
           At
           last
           when
           he
           had
           overcome
           his
           enemies
           by
           fine
           force
           ,
           being
           abandoned
           of
           his
           own
           Souldiers
           through
           the
           treacherie
           of
           their
           
           fear
           ,
           he
           was
           slain
           .
           Phrahartes
           did
           bestow
           upon
           him
           the
           solemnitie
           of
           magnificent
           funerals
           ,
           after
           the
           manner
           of
           Kings
           ,
           and
           (
           being
           taken
           with
           the
           love
           of
           the
           Virgin
           )
           did
           marrie
           the
           daughter
           of
           Demetrius
           ,
           which
           Antiochus
           had
           brought
           along
           with
           him
           ,
           and
           began
           to
           repent
           that
           ever
           he
           suffered
           Demetrius
           to
           go
           away
           ;
           and
           having
           sent
           in
           full
           speed
           several
           troops
           of
           horse
           to
           fetch
           him
           back
           ,
           they
           found
           him
           in
           safetie
           in
           his
           own
           Kingdom
           ,
           fearing
           the
           same
           design
           of
           Phrahartes
           ,
           and
           having
           in
           vain
           attempted
           all
           things
           to
           reduce
           him
           ,
           they
           returned
           to
           their
           own
           King.
           
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           Nine
           and
           thirtyeth
           BOOK
           OF
           IVSTINE
           .
        
         
           ANtiochus
           being
           overthrown
           in
           Parthia
           with
           his
           Armie
           ,
           his
           Brother
           Demetrius
           being
           delivered
           from
           the
           Captivitie
           of
           the
           Parthians
           and
           restored
           to
           his
           own
           Kingdom
           ,
           when
           all
           Syria
           was
           in
           lamentation
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           loss
           of
           the
           Armie
           ,
           as
           if
           he
           had
           happily
           managed
           his
           own
           and
           his
           Brothers
           wars
           with
           Parthia
           ,
           in
           which
           the
           one
           of
           them
           was
           taken
           ,
           and
           the
           other
           slain
           ,
           he
           was
           resolved
           to
           make
           another
           war
           in
           Egypt
           ,
           his
           mother
           in
           law
           Cleopatra
           having
           promised
           him
           that
           Kingdom
           
           as
           the
           reward
           of
           his
           assistance
           against
           her
           Brother
           .
           But
           whiles
           he
           affected
           the
           possessions
           of
           other
           men
           (
           as
           oftentimes
           it
           comes
           to
           pass
           )
           he
           lost
           his
           own
           by
           the
           revolt
           of
           Syria
           ;
           for
           the
           Antiochians
           first
           of
           all
           under
           the
           command
           of
           their
           General
           Trypho
           ,
           having
           in
           detestation
           the
           pride
           of
           their
           King
           which
           became
           intolerable
           by
           the
           exercise
           of
           his
           Parthian
           crueltie
           ,
           and
           after
           them
           the
           Apamenians
           and
           other
           Cities
           following
           their
           examples
           ,
           did
           revolt
           from
           King
           Demetrius
           in
           his
           absence
           .
           But
           Ptolomy
           King
           of
           Egypt
           ,
           having
           his
           Kingdom
           invaded
           by
           him
           ,
           when
           he
           understood
           that
           his
           sister
           Cleopatra
           having
           taken
           with
           her
           the
           wealth
           of
           Egypt
           ,
           was
           fled
           unto
           her
           Daughter
           and
           to
           Demetrius
           her
           Son
           in
           law
           ,
           did
           suborn
           a
           young
           man
           of
           Egypt
           the
           son
           of
           Protarchus
           a
           Merchant
           ,
           who
           by
           armes
           should
           demand
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Syria
           ;
           and
           the
           plot
           was
           laid
           as
           if
           he
           had
           been
           received
           into
           the
           Royal
           Family
           by
           the
           adoption
           of
           King
           Antiochus
           ;
           and
           the
           Syrians
           despising
           not
           any
           who
           was
           imposed
           upon
           them
           to
           be
           their
           King
           ,
           the
           name
           of
           this
           their
           King
           that
           they
           might
           no
           longer
           endure
           the
           arrogance
           of
           Demetrius
           )
           was
           called
           Alexander
           ,
           and
           great
           aides
           were
           sent
           him
           out
           of
           
             Egypt
             ▪
          
           In
           the
           mean
           time
           ,
           the
           bodie
           of
           Antiochus
           slain
           by
           the
           King
           of
           the
           Parthians
           ,
           was
           brought
           in
           a
           silver
           Coffin
           ,
           being
           sent
           by
           him
           to
           be
           buried
           
           in
           Syria
           ,
           which
           was
           received
           with
           infinite
           solemnitie
           ,
           both
           from
           all
           the
           Cities
           and
           from
           King
           Alexander
           himself
           ,
           to
           leave
           a
           fairer
           gloss
           upon
           the
           fable
           ;
           and
           this
           procured
           him
           the
           general
           favour
           and
           acclamations
           of
           the
           people
           ,
           all
           men
           believing
           that
           his
           tears
           came
           as
           much
           from
           his
           heart
           as
           from
           his
           eyes
           .
           But
           Demetrius
           being
           overcome
           by
           Alexander
           ,
           when
           he
           was
           besieged
           round
           with
           calamities
           ,
           he
           was
           at
           last
           forsaken
           by
           his
           own
           wife
           and
           children
           .
           Being
           therefore
           le●t
           with
           a
           few
           poor
           servants
           when
           he
           repaired
           to
           Tyrus
           ,
           to
           defend
           himself
           there
           by
           the
           religion
           of
           the
           Temple
           ,
           going
           out
           of
           the
           Ships
           ,
           he
           was
           killed
           by
           the
           commandment
           of
           the
           Lieutenant
           .
           Seleucus
           ,
           one
           of
           his
           Sons
           ,
           because
           he
           assumed
           the
           Diademe
           without
           the
           Authoritie
           of
           his
           mother
           ,
           was
           slain
           by
           her
           ▪
           the
           other
           (
           whose
           Name
           ▪
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           greatness
           of
           his
           Nose
           was
           Gryphus
           )
           was
           ordained
           King
           as
           yet
           by
           the
           mother
           ,
           that
           the
           Name
           of
           the
           King
           might
           be
           with
           the
           Son
           ,
           but
           all
           the
           command
           of
           Soveraigntie
           with
           the
           mother
           .
           But
           Alexander
           having
           seized
           upon
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Syria
           ,
           being
           puffed
           up
           with
           the
           vanitie
           of
           his
           present
           success
           ,
           did
           begin
           now
           by
           a
           contumelious
           arrogance
           to
           despise
           Ptolomy
           himself
           by
           whom
           he
           was
           advanced
           into
           the
           Kngdom
           .
           Ptolomy
           therefore
           having
           reconciled
           himself
           unto
           his
           sister
           ,
           
           did
           endeavor
           with
           all
           his
           power
           to
           destroy
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Alexander
           ,
           which
           in
           the
           hatred
           to
           Demetrius
           he
           had
           procured
           to
           him
           by
           his
           own
           power
           ;
           To
           which
           purpose
           he
           sent
           Auxiliaries
           into
           Greece
           to
           Gryphus
           ,
           and
           his
           daughter
           Gryphina
           to
           be
           espoused
           to
           him
           ,
           that
           he
           might
           sollicite
           the
           people
           to
           the
           aide
           of
           his
           Nephew
           ,
           not
           onely
           by
           his
           affinity
           to
           him
           ,
           but
           by
           the
           societie
           of
           the
           war.
           Neither
           was
           it
           in
           vain
           ;
           for
           when
           all
           perceived
           Gryphus
           recruited
           with
           the
           Egyptian
           forces
           ,
           they
           did
           by
           degrees
           begin
           to
           revolt
           from
           Alexander
           .
           Not
           long
           after
           the
           battaile
           was
           ●ought
           ,
           in
           which
           Alexander
           being
           conquered
           ,
           did
           flie
           to
           Antiochia
           .
           Being
           there
           destitute
           of
           money
           ,
           and
           the
           Souldiers
           complaining
           for
           want
           of
           pay
           he
           commanded
           the
           Effigies
           of
           VICTORY
           being
           all
           of
           solid
           Gold
           ,
           to
           be
           taken
           away
           from
           the
           Temple
           of
           Jupiter
           ,
           laughing
           at
           the
           Sacriledge
           with
           this
           scorn
           of
           prophan●r
           wit●
           for
           
             VICTORY
             he
             said
             was
             lent
             him
             by
             Jupiter
             .
          
           Not
           long
           after
           ,
           when
           he
           commanded
           ●●e
           Effigies
           of
           Jupiter
           himself
           ,
           being
           all
           of
           beaten
           Gold
           ,
           and
           of
           an
           infin●●e
           weight
           to
           be
           taken
           away
           ,
           he
           was
           met
           with
           in
           the
           Sacriledge
           and
           enforced
           to
           fly
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           concourse
           of
           the
           multitude
           ,
           and
           a
           great
           Tempest
           following
           him
           ,
           he
           was
           taken
           by
           Thieves
           ,
           being
           forsaken
           of
           his
           own
           men
           ,
           and
           was
           by
           them
           ▪
           brought
           unto
           
           Gryphus
           ,
           who
           did
           put
           him
           to
           death
           .
           Gryphus
           having
           recovered
           his
           fathers
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           being
           delivered
           from
           all
           forrein
           dangers
           ,
           was
           set
           upon
           by
           the
           Son
           of
           his
           own
           Mother
           ,
           who
           in
           her
           immoderate
           desire
           of
           Soveraigntie
           ,
           having
           betrayed
           her
           Husband
           Demetrius
           ,
           and
           killed
           one
           of
           her
           Sons
           ,
           and
           complaining
           that
           her
           Dignitie
           suffered
           Diminution
           by
           the
           greatness
           and
           the
           Victories
           of
           her
           Son
           ,
           she
           offered
           him
           a
           Boule
           of
           poyson
           as
           he
           came
           hot
           from
           hunting
           .
           But
           Gryphus
           having
           notice
           of
           this
           treason
           ,
           as
           if
           he
           would
           contend
           with
           his
           mother
           in
           complement
           ,
           desired
           her
           to
           drink
           first
           her self
           ;
           but
           she
           refusing
           it
           ,
           he
           grew
           importunate
           upon
           her
           ;
           at
           the
           Iast
           the
           witness
           being
           produced
           ,
           did
           convict
           her
           ,
           and
           affirmed
           that
           she
           had
           nothing
           left
           to
           defend
           her self
           ,
           but
           onely
           to
           drink
           that
           which
           she
           offered
           to
           her
           Son.
           The
           Queen
           being
           thus
           overcome
           ,
           her
           wickedness
           being
           turned
           upon
           her self
           ,
           she
           died
           by
           the
           same
           poyson
           which
           she
           had
           prepared
           for
           another
           .
           Gryphus
           having
           obtained
           securitie
           for
           his
           Kingdom
           ,
           did
           live
           for
           the
           space
           of
           eight
           years
           secure
           himself
           .
           At
           the
           last
           he
           found
           a
           Rival
           in
           his
           Kingdom
           ;
           it
           was
           his
           Brother
           Cyricaenus
           born
           of
           the
           same
           mother
           ,
           but
           begotten
           of
           his
           Uncle
           Antiochus
           ,
           whom
           when
           he
           endeavored
           to
           take
           away
           by
           poyson
           ,
           he
           exasperated
           him
           to
           contend
           with
           him
           the
           sooner
           in
           
           Arms
           for
           his
           establishment
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           .
        
         
           Amongst
           these
           parricidial
           discords
           in
           the
           kingdom
           of
           
             Syria
             ,
             Ptolomy
          
           King
           of
           Egypt
           dyed
           ,
           the
           kingdom
           of
           Egypt
           being
           left
           to
           his
           wife
           and
           to
           one
           of
           his
           Sons
           ,
           whom
           she
           should
           make
           choice
           of
           to
           succeed
           him
           ;
           as
           if
           the
           State
           of
           Egypt
           should
           be
           more
           quiet
           then
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Syria
           ,
           when
           the
           mother
           having
           elected
           one
           of
           her
           Sons
           to
           be
           her
           successor
           ,
           should
           have
           the
           other
           to
           be
           her
           enemie
           .
           Therefore
           when
           she
           was
           more
           inclined
           to
           her
           younger
           Son
           ,
           she
           was
           compelled
           by
           the
           people
           to
           make
           choice
           of
           the
           elder
           ,
           to
           whom
           before
           she
           would
           give
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           she
           took
           away
           his
           wife
           ,
           and
           inforced
           him
           to
           divorce
           from
           his
           bed
           his
           most
           dear
           sister
           Cleopatra
           ,
           and
           to
           marrie
           his
           yonnger
           sister
           Seleuce
           ,
           not
           with
           the
           impartial●tie
           of
           a
           motherly
           affection
           to
           her
           two
           daughters
           ,
           having
           taken
           a
           husband
           from
           one
           of
           them
           and
           given
           him
           unto
           the
           other
           .
           But
           Cleopatra
           being
           not
           so
           much
           forsaken
           by
           her
           husband
           ,
           as
           dismissed
           from
           him
           by
           the
           willfulness
           of
           her
           mother
           ,
           was
           married
           afterwards
           to
           Cyricaenus
           in
           Syria
           ;
           and
           that
           she
           should
           not
           bring
           him
           the
           bare
           and
           emptie
           name
           onely
           of
           a
           wife
           ,
           she
           sollicited
           the
           Armie
           of
           Cyprus
           ,
           and
           having
           engaged
           them
           to
           her
           ▪
           she
           brought
           them
           as
           a
           Dowrie
           to
           her
           husband
           .
           Cirycaenus
           being
           now
           equall
           to
           him
           in
           strength
           ,
           
           the
           battaile
           was
           fought
           ,
           and
           Cyricaenus
           being
           overcome
           was
           put
           to
           flight
           and
           came
           to
           Antioch
           ,
           which
           was
           presently
           besieged
           by
           Gryphus
           ,
           in
           which
           Citie
           was
           also
           Cleopatra
           the
           wife
           of
           Cyricaenus
           ;
           the
           Citie
           being
           taken
           ,
           Gryphina
           the
           wife
           of
           Gryphus
           commanded
           nothing
           more
           earnestly
           then
           that
           her
           sister
           Cleopatra
           should
           be
           sought
           out
           ,
           not
           to
           assist
           her
           in
           her
           Captivity
           ,
           but
           to
           be
           sure
           that
           she
           might
           not
           escape
           the
           calamitie
           of
           it
           ,
           because
           that
           in
           the
           emulation
           of
           her
           ,
           she
           did
           come
           into
           that
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           by
           marrying
           the
           enemie
           of
           her
           sister
           ,
           did
           make
           her self
           an
           enemie
           unto
           her
           ;
           she
           accused
           her
           for
           drawing
           forreign
           Armies
           into
           the
           contestation
           of
           the
           Brothers
           ,
           and
           that
           it
           was
           not
           for
           nothing
           that
           she
           was
           divorced
           from
           her
           Brother
           ,
           and
           that
           she
           married
           another
           without
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Egypt
           ,
           against
           the
           will
           of
           her
           mother
           .
           On
           the
           other
           side
           ,
           Gryphus
           did
           desire
           her
           that
           she
           would
           not
           compell
           him
           to
           commit
           so
           foul
           a
           crime
           ,
           and
           that
           never
           any
           of
           his
           Ancestors
           after
           so
           many
           wars
           both
           at
           home
           and
           abroad
           ,
           having
           overcome
           their
           enemies
           ,
           did
           offer
           any
           violence
           to
           the
           women
           ,
           whom
           their
           sex
           did
           exempt
           from
           the
           danger
           of
           the
           war
           ,
           and
           from
           the
           crueltie
           of
           the
           Conqueror
           ;
           but
           to
           plead
           for
           her
           ,
           besides
           the
           Laws
           of
           war
           ,
           there
           was
           also
           the
           contiguitie
           of
           blood
           ,
           she
           being
           her
           own
           sister
           ,
           against
           whom
           so
           bloodily
           
           she
           raged
           ,
           and
           his
           own
           cosen
           German
           ,
           and
           the
           mother
           of
           children
           betwixt
           them
           ;
           to
           this
           neer
           relation
           of
           consanguinitie
           ,
           he
           added
           the
           superstition
           of
           the
           Temple
           to
           which
           she
           fled
           to
           protect
           her self
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           gods
           were
           so
           much
           the
           more
           religiously
           to
           be
           worshipped
           ,
           as
           they
           were
           more
           propitious
           and
           favourable
           to
           him
           in
           his
           conquest
           ;
           besides
           ,
           she
           being
           slain
           ,
           nothing
           was
           diminished
           of
           the
           strength
           and
           power
           of
           Cyricaenus
           .
           But
           by
           how
           much
           Gryphus
           was
           the
           more
           unwilling
           ,
           by
           so
           much
           her
           sister
           was
           inflamed
           with
           a
           female
           pertinatiousness
           ,
           conceiving
           those
           words
           of
           his
           proceeded
           from
           love
           and
           not
           from
           pittie
           .
           Therefore
           having
           called
           the
           Souldiers
           to
           her
           ,
           she
           sent
           them
           her self
           to
           kill
           her
           sister
           ,
           who
           entering
           into
           the
           Temple
           ,
           when
           they
           could
           not
           drag
           her
           out
           of
           it
           ,
           they
           cut
           off
           her
           hands
           ,
           holding
           fast
           on
           the
           Image
           of
           the
           goddess
           ,
           and
           in
           her
           last
           words
           having
           cursed
           the
           Author
           of
           the
           Parricide
           ,
           the
           gods
           besides
           being
           violated
           ,
           she
           died
           but
           to
           revenge
           her self
           ;
           for
           not
           long
           after
           ,
           another
           battaile
           being
           fought
           ,
           and
           Cyricaenus
           Conquerour
           ,
           he
           took
           Gryphina
           the
           wife
           of
           Gryphus
           prisoner
           ,
           who
           killed
           her
           sister
           ,
           and
           by
           her
           death
           did
           parentate
           to
           the
           Ghosts
           of
           his
           wife
           .
           But
           Cleopatra
           in
           Egypt
           ,
           when
           she
           was
           offended
           that
           her
           Son
           Ptolomy
           was
           her
           companion
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           she
           excited
           the
           
           people
           against
           him
           ,
           and
           having
           taken
           from
           him
           his
           Wife
           Seleuce
           ,
           and
           so
           much
           the
           more
           unworthily
           because
           he
           had
           two
           children
           by
           her
           ,
           she
           compelled
           him
           to
           live
           a
           banished
           life
           ,
           having
           sent
           for
           her
           younger
           Son
           Alexander
           ,
           and
           crowned
           him
           King
           in
           the
           place
           of
           his
           Brother
           ;
           and
           being
           not
           content
           to
           have
           banished
           him
           out
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           she
           prosecuted
           a
           War
           against
           him
           in
           Cyprus
           ,
           and
           having
           driven
           him
           from
           thence
           also
           ,
           she
           killed
           the
           General
           of
           her
           own
           Army
           ,
           because
           he
           permitted
           him
           to
           escape
           alive
           out
           of
           his
           hands
           :
           although
           Ptolomy
           being
           no
           wayes
           inferior
           to
           him
           in
           strength
           ,
           did
           willingly
           depart
           out
           of
           the
           Iland
           ,
           that
           he
           might
           not
           be
           engaged
           in
           a
           War
           against
           his
           own
           Mother
           .
        
         
           Alexander
           being
           terrified
           with
           this
           cruelty
           of
           his
           Mother
           ,
           did
           also
           himself
           forsake
           her
           ,
           preferring
           a
           safe
           and
           quiet
           life
           above
           a
           dangerous
           Kingdom
           .
        
         
           But
           Cleopatra
           fearing
           that
           her
           eldest
           Son
           Ptolomy
           should
           be
           assisted
           by
           Cyricaenus
           to
           be
           by
           him
           restored
           into
           Egypt
           ,
           did
           send
           great
           Ayds
           to
           Gryphus
           ,
           and
           Seleuce
           to
           be
           his
           wife
           ,
           who
           must
           now
           be
           espoused
           to
           the
           Enemy
           of
           her
           former
           husband
           ,
           and
           by
           Ambassadors
           called
           back
           Alexander
           her
           Son
           into
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           whose
           life
           when
           by
           treachery
           she
           contrived
           to
           take
           away
           ,
           being
           prevented
           by
           him
           ,
           she
           was
           killed
           herself
           ,
           and
           yielded
           up
           her
           
           spirit
           not
           by
           fate
           but
           parricide
           .
           Worthy
           she
           was
           of
           this
           infamy
           of
           death
           ,
           who
           drove
           her
           own
           Mother
           from
           the
           bed
           of
           her
           husband
           ,
           and
           possessed
           her
           room
           in
           it
           ,
           and
           successively
           made
           her
           two
           Daughters
           Widows
           after
           their
           alternate
           marriage
           with
           their
           own
           Brothers
           ,
           who
           banished
           one
           of
           them
           ,
           &
           afterwards
           made
           war
           against
           him
           ,
           and
           having
           taken
           the
           Kingdom
           also
           from
           the
           other
           ,
           did
           endeavor
           to
           put
           him
           to
           death
           by
           treachery
           .
        
         
           But
           Alexander
           had
           the
           leisure
           to
           repent
           of
           this
           horrible
           act
           ;
           for
           when
           ever
           it
           was
           known
           that
           the
           Mother
           was
           slain
           by
           the
           violence
           of
           the
           Son
           ,
           he
           was
           forced
           into
           banishment
           by
           the
           people
           ,
           and
           Ptolomy
           being
           called
           back
           ,
           the
           Kingdom
           was
           restored
           to
           him
           ,
           who
           would
           neither
           make
           War
           with
           his
           Mother
           ,
           nor
           take
           away
           by
           Arms
           from
           his
           brother
           what
           he
           himself
           did
           first
           possess
           .
           Whiles
           these
           things
           were
           thus
           carryed
           ,
           his
           brother
           begotten
           on
           a
           Concubine
           ,
           to
           whom
           his
           Father
           in
           his
           Will
           did
           leave
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Cyrene
           ,
           did
           decease
           ,
           having
           made
           the
           people
           of
           Rome
           his
           Heir
           ;
           for
           now
           the
           fortune
           of
           Rome
           being
           not
           content
           with
           the
           bounds
           of
           Italy
           ,
           did
           begin
           to
           extend
           it self
           to
           the
           Kingdoms
           of
           the
           East
           .
           Therefore
           that
           part
           of
           Lybia
           was
           made
           a
           Province
           ,
           and
           afterwards
           Crete
           and
           Cilicia
           being
           subdued
           in
           the
           Piratick
           War
           ,
           were
           reduced
           into
           the
           form
           of
           a
           Province
           ,
           by
           which
           meanes
           the
           
           Kingdoms
           of
           Syria
           and
           Egypt
           being
           streightned
           by
           the
           Roman
           neighbourhood
           ,
           and
           accustomed
           heretofore
           to
           raise
           advantages
           to
           themselves
           by
           Wars
           ,
           with
           those
           who
           were
           next
           unto
           them
           ,
           the
           power
           of
           wandring
           abroad
           being
           taken
           away
           ,
           they
           turned
           their
           own
           strength
           into
           their
           own
           bowels
           ,
           insomuch
           that
           consuming
           themselves
           with
           daily
           encounters
           ,
           they
           grew
           into
           contempt
           with
           their
           neighbors
           ,
           and
           became
           a
           prey
           to
           the
           Nation
           of
           the
           Arabians
           but
           weak
           and
           contemptible
           before
           ;
           whose
           King
           Herotimus
           in
           the
           confidence
           of
           six
           hundred
           Sons
           begotten
           on
           divers
           Concubines
           ,
           with
           divided
           Armies
           did
           sometimes
           invade
           and
           plunder
           Egypt
           ,
           and
           sometimes
           Syria
           ,
           and
           advanced
           the
           name
           of
           the
           Arabians
           ,
           making
           it
           great
           by
           the
           weakness
           of
           the
           neighbouring
           Princes
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           Fortyeth
           BOOK
           OF
           IVSTINE
           .
        
         
           THe
           mutual
           hatreds
           of
           the
           Brothers
           ,
           and
           not
           long
           afterwards
           the
           enmity
           of
           the
           Sons
           succeeding
           the
           hatred
           of
           their
           Parents
           ,
           when
           both
           the
           Kings
           and
           Kingdom
           of
           Syria
           was
           consumed
           by
           an
           inexpiable
           War
           ,
           the
           people
           were
           enforced
           to
           seek
           forraign
           Ayd
           ,
           and
           began
           to
           look
           upon
           the
           Kings
           that
           were
           strangers
           to
           them
           ;
           Therefore
           when
           one
           part
           of
           them
           were
           of
           opinion
           that
           Mithridates
           should
           be
           sent
           for
           out
           of
           Pontus
           ,
           and
           another
           part
           
           thought
           that
           Ptolomy
           should
           be
           sent
           for
           out
           of
           Egypt
           ,
           it
           being
           advertised
           that
           Mithridates
           was
           involved
           in
           the
           Roman
           War
           ,
           and
           that
           Ptolomy
           was
           an
           Enemy
           unto
           Syria
           ,
           they
           all
           agreed
           upon
           Tigranes
           King
           of
           Armenia
           who
           was
           supplyed
           (
           besides
           his
           own
           strength
           )
           with
           the
           Society
           of
           the
           Parthians
           ,
           and
           the
           affinity
           of
           
             Mithridates
             .
             Tigranes
          
           being
           therefore
           sent
           for
           into
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Syria
           ,
           for
           the
           space
           of
           eighteen
           years
           most
           peaceably
           enjoyed
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           neither
           did
           he
           provoke
           any
           by
           War
           ,
           neither
           being
           provoked
           did
           he
           conceive
           it
           necessary
           to
           make
           war
           against
           any
           other
           .
           But
           as
           Syria
           was
           safe
           from
           the
           in
           vasion
           of
           Enemies
           ,
           so
           it
           was
           made
           desolate
           by
           an
           Earthquake
           ,
           in
           which
           one
           hundred
           and
           seventy
           thousand
           persons
           ,
           and
           many
           Cities
           were
           destroyed
           :
           The
           South-sayers
           being
           consulted
           ,
           did
           make
           answer
           ,
           that
           this
           Prodigie
           did
           portend
           the
           change
           of
           affairs
           in
           the
           Kingdoms
           of
           the
           East
           .
        
         
           Tigranes
           therefore
           being
           overcome
           by
           
             Lucullus
             ,
             Antiochus
          
           the
           Son
           of
           Cyricaenus
           was
           made
           King
           of
           Syria
           by
           him
           .
           But
           what
           Lucullus
           gave
           ,
           Pompey
           afterwards
           did
           take
           away
           ;
           for
           he
           demanding
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           him
           ,
           he
           made
           answer
           ,
           That
           he
           would
           not
           make
           him
           King
           of
           Syria
           ,
           either
           desiring
           or
           refusing
           it
           ,
           having
           for
           the
           space
           of
           eighteen
           years
           ,
           during
           which
           Tigranes
           possessed
           Syria
           ,
           dishonourably
           
           concealed
           himself
           in
           a
           corner
           of
           Cilicia
           ;
           but
           Tigranes
           being
           overcome
           ,
           he
           now
           desired
           of
           the
           Romans
           the
           reward
           of
           another
           mans
           labour
           ;
           Therefore
           as
           he
           did
           not
           dispossess
           him
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           when
           he
           had
           it
           ;
           so
           because
           he
           gave
           way
           to
           Tigranes
           ,
           he
           would
           not
           grant
           him
           that
           which
           he
           could
           not
           defend
           ,
           least
           he
           should
           render
           Syria
           again
           obnoxious
           to
           the
           robberies
           of
           the
           Arabians
           and
           the
           Jewes
           :
           He
           therefore
           reduced
           it
           into
           the
           form
           of
           a
           Province
           ,
           and
           thus
           by
           the
           discord
           of
           the
           consanguineous
           Kings
           ,
           the
           East
           by
           degrees
           became
           under
           the
           power
           of
           the
           Romans
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           One
           and
           fortyeth
           BOOK
           OF
           IVSTINE
           .
        
         
           THe
           Parthians
           in
           whose
           power
           (
           as
           if
           they
           had
           made
           a
           division
           of
           the
           World
           with
           the
           Romans
           )
           the
           Empire
           of
           the
           East
           is
           at
           this
           time
           resident
           ,
           were
           the
           banished
           men
           of
           Sythia
           ;
           which
           by
           their
           own
           language
           is
           interpreted
           ;
           for
           in
           the
           Sythian
           tongue
           ,
           a
           Parthian
           doth
           signifie
           a
           banished
           man.
           In
           the
           time
           of
           the
           Medes
           and
           Assyrians
           ,
           they
           were
           the
           most
           obscure
           of
           all
           the
           Nations
           in
           the
           East
           ;
           and
           afterwards
           when
           the
           Empire
           of
           the
           East
           was
           translated
           from
           the
           Medes
           unto
           the
           Persians
           ,
           
           like
           people
           without
           a
           name
           they
           became
           always
           he
           prey
           of
           the
           Conquerors
           .
           At
           last
           the
           Macedons
           having
           triumphed
           over
           all
           the
           East
           ,
           did
           make
           them
           their
           servants
           :
           And
           indeed
           it
           may
           appear
           wonderful
           ,
           that
           by
           their
           courage
           they
           were
           advanced
           to
           so
           great
           a
           happiness
           ,
           as
           to
           raign
           over
           those
           Nations
           under
           whose
           command
           they
           were
           accounted
           before
           but
           as
           a
           servile
           Generation
           :
           And
           being
           provoked
           by
           the
           Romans
           by
           their
           greatest
           Generals
           in
           their
           most
           flourishing
           estate
           of
           the
           Empire
           ,
           they
           were
           of
           all
           Nations
           not
           onely
           their
           equals
           but
           their
           Conquerors
           :
           Howsoever
           ,
           it
           is
           more
           their
           glory
           to
           rise
           and
           grow
           up
           amongst
           hose
           Empires
           of
           
             Assyria
             ,
             Media
          
           ,
           and
           Persia
           ,
           (
           before
           remembred
           )
           and
           the
           most
           renowned
           Bactrian
           Dominion
           of
           one
           thousand
           Cities
           ,
           then
           to
           be
           fam
           us
           in
           the
           Conquests
           of
           a
           Nation
           so
           remote
           :
           Moreover
           it
           is
           remarkable
           ,
           that
           when
           they
           were
           daily
           vexed
           with
           the
           great
           Wars
           against
           the
           Sythians
           and
           their
           neerer
           Enemies
           ,
           and
           were
           oppressed
           round
           with
           all
           manner
           of
           dangers
           ,
           they
           did
           not
           onely
           possess
           themselves
           of
           the
           solitary
           and
           waste
           places
           betwixt
           Hyrcania
           and
           the
           Dacans
           ,
           but
           privily
           became
           masters
           of
           the
           Borders
           of
           the
           
             Areans
             ,
             Spartans
          
           ,
           and
           Majans
           :
           Afterwards
           their
           neighbours
           not
           permitting
           but
           opposing
           them
           ,
           they
           did
           so
           far
           advance
           themselves
           ,
           that
           they
           inhabited
           as
           well
           the
           clifts
           and
           tops
           of
           the
           
           Rocks
           and
           Mountains
           ,
           as
           the
           low
           and
           spacious
           plains
           :
           By
           which
           means
           it
           comes
           to
           pass
           ,
           that
           either
           the
           excess
           of
           cold
           or
           heat
           doth
           give
           bounds
           to
           the
           greatest
           part
           of
           Parthia
           ;
           for
           the
           snow
           doth
           possess
           the
           Mountains
           ,
           and
           the
           heat
           doth
           afflict
           the
           Valleys
           .
           The
           Government
           of
           the
           Nation
           after
           their
           revolt
           from
           the
           Empire
           of
           the
           Macedons
           was
           under
           Kings
           .
           The
           order
           or
           estate
           of
           the
           Commons
           is
           next
           to
           the
           Majesty
           of
           Kings
           ;
           from
           hence
           they
           derive
           both
           Generals
           in
           War
           ,
           and
           Magistrates
           in
           peace
           :
           Their
           speech
           is
           mixt
           betwixt
           the
           Sythian
           language
           and
           the
           Median
           ;
           They
           are
           cloathed
           after
           their
           old
           Custom
           ;
           and
           if
           their
           fortunes
           do
           grow
           high
           ,
           they
           are
           apparalled
           like
           the
           Medes
           ,
           with
           a
           garment
           translucently
           thin
           and
           fluent
           ;
           In
           their
           Wars
           ,
           they
           use
           both
           their
           own
           and
           the
           Sythian
           Discipline
           ;
           They
           have
           not
           as
           other
           Nations
           ,
           an
           Army
           composed
           of
           free-men
           ,
           but
           the
           greatest
           part
           of
           it
           doth
           consist
           of
           servants
           ;
           the
           Communalty
           of
           whom
           (
           they
           being
           never
           to
           be
           made
           free
           )
           doth
           daily
           encrease
           as
           more
           are
           daily
           born
           :
           They
           bring
           up
           these
           with
           as
           great
           care
           as
           they
           do
           their
           own
           children
           ,
           and
           teach
           them
           both
           to
           ride
           and
           shoot
           with
           great
           industry
           :
           As
           every
           one
           is
           more
           rich
           ,
           so
           in
           the
           service
           of
           the
           War
           he
           brings
           in
           more
           Horses
           to
           the
           King.
           When
           fifty
           thousand
           of
           their
           Cavalry
           did
           meet
           
             Mark
             Anthony
          
           in
           the
           Field
           ,
           making
           war
           
           upon
           them
           ,
           there
           were
           not
           above
           four
           hundred
           and
           fifty
           of
           them
           that
           were
           free
           born
           :
           They
           are
           not
           used
           to
           fight
           hand
           to
           hand
           ,
           or
           to
           maintain
           a
           league
           before
           a
           City
           :
           They
           fight
           always
           with
           their
           Horses
           either
           charging
           or
           wheeling
           about
           ;
           they
           also
           oftentimes
           do
           counterfeit
           themselves
           to
           be
           routed
           ,
           that
           they
           may
           return
           with
           the
           greater
           advantage
           ,
           whereby
           they
           both
           finde
           their
           pursuers
           to
           lie
           open
           to
           their
           swords
           ,
           and
           unprepared
           to
           receive
           the
           second
           impression
           of
           their
           Charge
           ;
           their
           sound
           unto
           the
           Battel
           is
           not
           given
           by
           a
           Trumpet
           ,
           but
           by
           a
           Drum
           ;
           neither
           do
           they
           long
           hold
           out
           in
           fight
           ;
           for
           they
           were
           not
           to
           be
           indured
           ,
           if
           they
           had
           as
           much
           perseverance
           in
           the
           fight
           ,
           as
           impetuousness
           in
           the
           first
           shock
           of
           the
           charge
           .
           Oftentimes
           in
           the
           very
           heat
           of
           the
           first
           charge
           they
           forsake
           their
           battel
           ,
           and
           after
           their
           fight
           they
           will
           immediately
           rally
           and
           renew
           the
           fight
           again
           ,
           and
           when
           you
           think
           you
           are
           most
           sure
           of
           Conquest
           ,
           the
           greatest
           difficulty
           and
           danger
           of
           the
           Battel
           is
           to
           come
           ;
           Their
           defence
           for
           themselves
           and
           for
           their
           Horses
           ,
           are
           plumed
           Coats
           of
           Mail
           ,
           on
           which
           are
           such
           waving
           Plumes
           ●at
           they
           do
           cover
           all
           the
           bodies
           of
           both
           ;
           They
           have
           no
           use
           either
           of
           Gold
           or
           Silver
           ,
           but
           onely
           on
           their
           Armor
           ;
           through
           the
           delight
           of
           various
           lust
           ,
           they
           have
           every
           one
           several
           Wives
           ;
           neither
           is
           there
           any
           crime
           amongst
           them
           which
           is
           prosecuted
           with
           
           a
           greater
           punishment
           then
           adultery
           ;
           Wherefore
           they
           forbid
           their
           women
           not
           onely
           the
           company
           of
           men
           at
           their
           Banquets
           ,
           but
           also
           the
           sight
           of
           them
           ;
           they
           eat
           no
           flesh
           but
           what
           they
           procure
           by
           hunting
           ;
           they
           are
           always
           carryed
           on
           Horses
           ;
           on
           those
           they
           mannage
           their
           Wars
           ,
           on
           chose
           they
           celebrate
           their
           Feasts
           ,
           and
           perform
           all
           pu●lick
           and
           private
           Offices
           ;
           on
           those
           they
           ever
           move
           ,
           or
           stand
           still
           ,
           on
           those
           they
           constantly
           trade
           and
           discourse
           .
           This
           is
           the
           greatest
           difference
           betwixt
           their
           Slaves
           and
           their
           Free-born
           ,
           that
           the
           Servants
           in
           times
           of
           no
           War
           do
           go
           on
           foot
           ,
           the
           Free-men
           do
           always
           ride
           on
           horseback
           ;
           their
           common
           burial
           is
           no
           other
           then
           to
           be
           devoured
           by
           birds
           or
           dogs
           ;
           their
           bones
           being
           all
           that
           is
           left
           ,
           are
           covered
           with
           the
           Earth
           ;
           as
           for
           their
           Religion
           ,
           they
           are
           most
           devout
           in
           the
           worship
           of
           their
           gods
           ;
           the
           d
           sp●sitions
           of
           the
           Nation
           are
           lofty
           ,
           seditious
           ,
           deceitful
           ,
           petulant
           ;
           they
           comman●
           boldness
           in
           men
           ,
           and
           courtesie
           in
           women
           ;
           they
           are
           always
           apt
           to
           rise
           at
           any
           commotion
           either
           Forraign
           or
           Domestick
           ,
           they
           are
           more
           prompt
           to
           act
           then
           to
           speak
           ;
           therefore
           they
           cover
           all
           things
           with
           silence
           whether
           good
           or
           bad
           ;
           they
           are
           prone
           unto
           lust
           ,
           frugal
           in
           their
           diet
           ,
           and
           with
           us
           faith
           either
           in
           their
           words
           or
           promises
           ,
           unless
           it
           complies
           with
           their
           advantage
           ;
           they
           obey
           their
           Princes
           ,
           not
           for
           reverence
           ,
           but
           for
           fear
           .
        
         
         
           After
           the
           death
           of
           Alexander
           the
           Great
           ,
           when
           the
           Kingdoms
           of
           the
           East
           were
           divided
           amongst
           his
           Successors
           ,
           none
           of
           the
           Macedons
           vouchsafing
           to
           command
           over
           so
           poor
           a
           Nation
           as
           they
           were
           ,
           delivered
           it
           to
           Stratagenor
           ,
           one
           of
           their
           Associates
           in
           their
           wars
           .
           The
           Parthians
           therefore
           ,
           the
           Macedonians
           being
           divided
           and
           exercised
           in
           civil
           Wars
           ,
           did
           follow
           Eumenes
           with
           the
           other
           Nations
           of
           Upper
           Asia
           ,
           who
           being
           overcome
           ,
           they
           came
           unto
           Antigonus
           :
           Afterwards
           they
           followed
           the
           Ensigns
           of
           
             Nicanor
             Seleucus
          
           ,
           and
           (
           he
           being
           dead
           )
           of
           Antiochus
           and
           his
           Successors
           ,
           from
           whose
           Nephews
           Son
           Seleucus
           they
           first
           of
           all
           revolted
           .
           In
           the
           first
           Carthaginian
           War
           ,
           
             Lucius
             Manlius
             Piso
          
           and
           
             Attilius
             Regulus
          
           being
           Consuls
           ,
           the
           discord
           of
           the
           two
           Brothers
           Seleucus
           and
           Antiochus
           did
           give
           them
           an
           impunity
           for
           this
           desertion
           ;
           for
           the
           two
           brothers
           contending
           to
           pluck
           the
           Kingdom
           from
           one
           another
           ,
           they
           did
           forbear
           to
           prosecute
           against
           the
           Revolters
           .
           At
           the
           same
           time
           Theodotus
           the
           Lieutenant
           of
           the
           thousand
           Cities
           of
           the
           Bactrians
           revolted
           also
           ,
           and
           commanded
           himself
           to
           be
           called
           King
           ,
           whose
           Example
           all
           the
           people
           of
           the
           East
           following
           ,
           there
           was
           a
           general
           revolt
           from
           the
           Macedons
           .
        
         
           There
           was
           in
           those
           times
           a
           man
           called
           Arsaces
           ,
           of
           an
           uncertain
           birth
           ,
           but
           of
           an
           undoubted
           
           courage
           ,
           who
           being
           accustomed
           to
           live
           by
           theft
           ,
           and
           upon
           the
           spoyl
           ,
           having
           understood
           that
           Seleucus
           was
           overcome
           by
           the
           Gauls
           ,
           being
           delivered
           from
           the
           fear
           &
           the
           danger
           of
           him
           ,
           having
           invaded
           the
           Parthians
           with
           a
           company
           of
           Thieves
           ,
           he
           suppressed
           Andragores
           their
           Lieutenant
           ,
           and
           not
           long
           after
           having
           killed
           him
           ,
           he
           usurped
           the
           Empire
           of
           that
           Nation
           :
           After
           that
           he
           possessed
           himself
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           the
           Hyrcanians
           ;
           and
           having
           thus
           invested
           himself
           with
           the
           command
           of
           two
           Cities
           ,
           he
           prepared
           a
           great
           Army
           for
           the
           fear
           of
           Seleucus
           and
           Theodotus
           King
           of
           the
           Bactrians
           ;
           but
           being
           quickly
           delivered
           from
           his
           fear
           by
           the
           death
           of
           Theodotus
           ,
           he
           entred
           into
           a
           League
           and
           Covenant
           with
           his
           Son
           ,
           whose
           name
           was
           Theodotus
           also
           ;
           and
           not
           long
           after
           he
           encountring
           with
           King
           Seleucus
           ,
           who
           advanced
           with
           his
           Army
           to
           make
           War
           against
           the
           Revolters
           ,
           he
           overcame
           him
           ;
           the
           day
           of
           which
           Conquest
           the
           Parthians
           observe
           in
           their
           Almanacks
           as
           an
           Holiday
           ,
           it
           being
           the
           beginning
           of
           their
           liberty
           .
        
         
           Seleucus
           being
           called
           back
           ,
           and
           some
           intermission
           of
           time
           being
           given
           to
           the
           new
           troubles
           in
           Asia
           ,
           he
           founded
           and
           formed
           the
           Parthian
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           made
           choyce
           of
           a
           Militia
           ;
           he
           fortified
           the
           Castles
           ,
           and
           confimed
           the
           Cities
           ,
           and
           erected
           the
           City
           Clara
           on
           the
           Mount
           of
           Thabor
           ;
           such
           is
           the
           condition
           of
           
           that
           place
           ,
           that
           there
           is
           nothing
           more
           secure
           or
           more
           delightful
           ;
           for
           it
           is
           so
           invironed
           with
           Rocks
           and
           Clifts
           ,
           that
           the
           safety
           of
           the
           place
           needs
           no
           Defe●ders
           ;
           and
           so
           great
           is
           the
           fruitfulness
           of
           the
           adjacent
           plains
           ,
           that
           it
           is
           almost
           oppressed
           with
           its
           own
           abundance
           :
           Such
           a
           variety
           there
           is
           also
           both
           of
           Fountains
           and
           Forrests
           ,
           that
           copiously
           it
           is
           wa
           ered
           ,
           and
           attracteth
           the
           neighbouring
           people
           with
           the
           delight
           of
           hunting
           .
           Arsaces
           in
           this
           manner
           having
           both
           attempted
           and
           obtained
           a
           Kingdom
           ,
           became
           no
           less
           famous
           amongst
           the
           Parthians
           ,
           then
           Cyrus
           amongst
           the
           Persians
           ,
           or
           Alexander
           amongst
           the
           Macedons
           ,
           or
           Romulus
           amongst
           the
           Romans
           ,
           and
           deceased
           in
           a
           ripe
           old
           Age.
           To
           whose
           memory
           the
           Parthians
           have
           ascribed
           this
           honour
           ,
           that
           they
           have
           ever
           since
           called
           all
           their
           succeeding
           Kings
           by
           the
           name
           of
           Arsaces
           .
           His
           Son
           and
           Successor
           was
           also
           himself
           called
           Arsaces
           ,
           who
           commanding
           an
           Army
           of
           one
           hundred
           thousand
           foot
           ,
           and
           twenty
           thousand
           horse
           ,
           did
           with
           admirable
           prowess
           fight
           against
           Antiochus
           the
           Son
           of
           Seleucus
           ,
           with
           one
           hundred
           thousand
           foot
           ,
           &
           twenty
           thousand
           horse
           ,
           and
           at
           last
           he
           entred
           into
           a
           Confederary
           with
           him
           .
        
         
           Pampatius
           was
           the
           third
           King
           of
           the
           
             P
             rthians
          
           ,
           and
           he
           also
           was
           called
           Arsaces
           ;
           for
           as
           I
           have
           mentioned
           heretofore
           ,
           the
           Parthians
           by
           that
           name
           called
           all
           their
           Kings
           ,
           as
           
           the
           Romans
           do
           call
           every
           Emperour
           Caesar
           and
           Augustus
           .
           He
           having
           raigned
           twelve
           years
           ,
           deceased
           ,
           having
           left
           behind
           him
           two
           Sons
           ,
           Mithridates
           and
           
             Pharnaces
             ;
             Pharnaces
          
           being
           the
           elder
           did
           inherit
           the
           Kingdom
           after
           the
           Custom
           of
           the
           Nation
           ,
           and
           having
           overcome
           the
           valiant
           Nation
           of
           the
           Mardi
           ,
           he
           not
           long
           after
           dyed
           ,
           having
           left
           behind
           him
           many
           Sons
           ,
           who
           being
           all
           rejected
           by
           him
           ,
           he
           left
           the
           Kingdom
           to
           his
           brother
           Mithridates
           ,
           a
           man
           admirable
           for
           his
           Vertue
           ,
           thinking
           that
           he
           owed
           more
           to
           his
           Kingdom
           then
           to
           the
           name
           of
           a
           Father
           ,
           and
           was
           more
           obliged
           to
           provide
           for
           his
           Country
           then
           his
           children
           .
        
         
           At
           the
           same
           time
           almost
           as
           Mithridates
           began
           his
           Raign
           in
           
             Parthia
             ,
             Eucratides
          
           was
           invested
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Bactria
           ,
           being
           both
           of
           them
           men
           of
           excellent
           Spirits
           .
           But
           the
           fortune
           of
           the
           Parthians
           being
           more
           happy
           ,
           that
           Nation
           was
           advanced
           under
           the
           raign
           of
           Mithridates
           to
           the
           height
           of
           all
           their
           glory
           ;
           but
           the
           Bactrians
           being
           distressed
           by
           several
           Wars
           ,
           did
           at
           the
           last
           not
           onely
           lose
           their
           Kingdom
           ,
           but
           their
           liberty
           :
           For
           being
           wearyed
           with
           the
           Wars
           of
           the
           Sogdians
           ,
           the
           Dranganits
           ,
           and
           the
           Indians
           ,
           they
           were
           at
           last
           as
           men
           without
           spirit
           or
           blood
           ,
           suppressed
           by
           an
           inconsiderable
           number
           of
           the
           Parthians
           .
           Howsoever
           Eucratides
           mannaged
           
           many
           Wars
           with
           great
           resolution
           ,
           being
           much
           wasted
           ,
           with
           which
           when
           he
           was
           at
           last
           beleaguered
           by
           Demetirus
           King
           of
           the
           Indians
           ,
           he
           by
           daily
           sallies
           with
           three
           thousand
           men
           did
           overcome
           threescore
           thousand
           of
           his
           Enemies
           :
           and
           having
           raised
           the
           siege
           in
           the
           fifth
           Moneth
           after
           it
           was
           begun
           ,
           he
           made
           India
           stoop
           in
           obedience
           to
           him
           ,
           from
           whence
           when
           he
           withdrew
           his
           Army
           ,
           he
           was
           killed
           in
           the
           march
           homewards
           ,
           by
           his
           own
           Son
           ,
           whom
           he
           made
           partner
           with
           him
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           who
           not
           dissembling
           the
           murder
           of
           his
           Father
           (
           as
           if
           he
           had
           killed
           an
           Enemy
           ,
           rather
           then
           a
           Father
           )
           caused
           his
           Chariot
           to
           be
           hurried
           over
           the
           place
           where
           his
           blood
           was
           spilt
           ,
           and
           commanded
           that
           his
           body
           should
           be
           thrown
           away
           ,
           as
           unworthy
           to
           be
           buryed
           .
           Whiles
           these
           things
           thus
           passed
           amongst
           the
           Bactrians
           ,
           a
           new
           War
           did
           arise
           amongst
           the
           Parthians
           and
           the
           Medes
           ,
           and
           the
           fortune
           of
           both
           Nations
           being
           a
           long
           time
           various
           ,
           the
           Bactrians
           were
           at
           last
           overcome
           by
           the
           
             Parthians
             ;
             Mithridates
          
           being
           more
           formidable
           by
           this
           access
           of
           new
           power
           ,
           did
           make
           Bacasus
           his
           Lieutenant
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           Media
           ,
           and
           marched
           himself
           into
           Hyrcania
           ;
           From
           whence
           being
           returned
           ,
           he
           waged
           War
           with
           the
           King
           of
           the
           Elamits
           ,
           who
           being
           overcome
           ,
           he
           also
           added
           that
           Nation
           to
           his
           Kingdom
           ;
           and
           many
           Nations
           
           being
           subdued
           ,
           he
           extended
           the
           Empire
           of
           the
           Parthians
           from
           Mount
           Caucasus
           to
           the
           River
           of
           Euphrates
           ,
           and
           being
           at
           last
           visited
           with
           sickness
           ,
           he
           dyed
           in
           an
           old
           age
           ,
           no
           less
           glorious
           then
           Arsaces
           his
           Grandfather
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           Two
           and
           fortyeth
           BOOK
           OF
           IVSTINE
           .
        
         
           AFter
           the
           death
           of
           Mithridates
           King
           of
           the
           
             Parthians
             ,
             Phrahartes
          
           his
           Son
           was
           made
           King
           ,
           who
           when
           he
           determined
           to
           make
           War
           on
           Syria
           ,
           to
           be
           revenged
           on
           Antiochus
           ,
           who
           attempted
           the
           Parthians
           Kingdom
           ,
           he
           was
           called
           back
           by
           the
           commotion
           of
           the
           Scythians
           to
           defend
           his
           own
           possessions
           ;
           for
           the
           Scythians
           being
           sollicited
           with
           the
           promise
           of
           great
           rewards
           to
           help
           the
           Parthians
           against
           King
           Antiochus
           ,
           they
           came
           with
           their
           Auxiliaries
           just
           when
           the
           War
           was
           ended
           ;
           when
           they
           were
           denyed
           
           their
           pay
           ,
           to
           reproach
           them
           for
           their
           assistance
           which
           came
           so
           late
           ,
           the
           Scythians
           grieving
           that
           they
           had
           made
           so
           great
           a
           march
           to
           so
           little
           purpose
           ,
           when
           they
           desired
           that
           either
           their
           pay
           should
           be
           given
           them
           for
           their
           travel
           ,
           or
           an
           Enemy
           with
           whom
           they
           might
           encounter
           ,
           they
           had
           a
           proud
           answer
           returned
           them
           ,
           whereat
           being
           incensed
           ,
           they
           began
           to
           plunder
           the
           Borders
           of
           the
           
             Parthians
             .
             Phrahartes
          
           therefore
           advancing
           against
           the
           Scythians
           ,
           did
           leave
           one
           Hymerus
           for
           the
           defence
           of
           his
           Kingdom
           ,
           having
           obliged
           him
           by
           his
           love
           from
           the
           flower
           of
           his
           youth
           ,
           who
           unmindful
           of
           the
           courtesies
           received
           ,
           and
           whose
           substitute
           he
           was
           ,
           did
           afflict
           the
           Babylonians
           and
           many
           other
           Cities
           with
           tyrannical
           cruelty
           .
           Phrahartes
           himself
           in
           this
           War
           did
           proudly
           and
           insolently
           deport
           himself
           towards
           the
           Army
           of
           the
           Grecians
           ,
           whom
           he
           had
           then
           with
           him
           (
           having
           taken
           them
           prisoners
           in
           the
           War
           which
           he
           made
           against
           Antiochus
           )
           being
           altogether
           unmindful
           that
           no
           Captivity
           could
           abate
           their
           spirits
           ,
           and
           that
           the
           indignity
           of
           new
           injuries
           did
           more
           exasperate
           them
           .
           Therefore
           in
           the
           battel
           when
           they
           perceived
           the
           Army
           of
           the
           Parthians
           deeply
           engaged
           ,
           they
           revolted
           to
           the
           Enemy
           ,
           and
           executed
           their
           long
           desired
           revenge
           on
           the
           Parthian
           Army
           ,
           by
           their
           slaughter
           of
           them
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           death
           of
           their
           King
           Phrahartes
           himself
           :
           In
           his
           place
           
           his
           Uncle
           Artabanus
           was
           chosen
           King.
           The
           Scythians
           being
           contented
           with
           the
           Victory
           ,
           having
           plundred
           their
           Country
           ,
           return
           home
           .
           But
           Artabanus
           having
           made
           War
           upon
           the
           Inhabitants
           of
           Colchos
           ,
           and
           received
           a
           wound
           in
           his
           arm
           ,
           not
           long
           after
           deceased
           by
           the
           anguish
           of
           it
           .
        
         
           His
           Son
           Mithridates
           did
           succeed
           him
           ,
           whose
           Atchievements
           did
           gain
           him
           the
           same
           name
           of
           GREAT
           ;
           for
           being
           enflamed
           with
           the
           emulation
           of
           the
           Acts
           of
           his
           Predecessors
           ,
           he
           excelled
           their
           glories
           by
           the
           greatness
           of
           his
           vertues
           ;
           he
           made
           many
           Wars
           with
           his
           neighbours
           ,
           where
           he
           shewed
           great
           demonstrations
           of
           his
           valour
           ,
           and
           added
           many
           Nations
           to
           the
           Parthian
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           having
           made
           many
           prosperous
           Wars
           against
           the
           Scythians
           ,
           he
           revenged
           the
           injuries
           of
           his
           Predecessors
           ,
           and
           made
           War
           at
           last
           upon
           Artoadistes
           King
           of
           the
           Armenians
           .
        
         
           But
           because
           we
           have
           here
           a
           passage
           opened
           to
           Armenia
           ,
           we
           will
           in
           the
           first
           place
           derive
           its
           original
           from
           the
           first
           beginning
           ;
           neither
           is
           it
           fit
           that
           it
           should
           be
           passed
           by
           in
           silence
           ,
           it
           being
           so
           great
           a
           Kingdom
           ,
           whose
           bounds
           ,
           Parthia
           being
           excepted
           ,
           doth
           exceed
           the
           magnitude
           of
           any
           Kingdom
           whatsoever
           ;
           for
           Armenia
           lies
           open
           from
           Cappadocia
           towards
           the
           Caspian
           Sea
           eleven
           hundred
           miles
           in
           length
           ;
           the
           latitude
           of
           it
           conteineth
           but
           seven
           hundred
           
           onely
           :
           It
           was
           founded
           by
           Armenius
           the
           Companion
           of
           Jason
           the
           Thessalian
           ,
           whom
           when
           King
           Pelias
           desired
           to
           have
           destroyed
           by
           reason
           of
           his
           excellent
           valour
           ,
           thinking
           him
           dangerous
           to
           his
           Kingdom
           ,
           he
           was
           commanded
           to
           be
           one
           of
           the
           adventurers
           into
           Colchos
           ,
           to
           bring
           home
           the
           Fleece
           of
           the
           Ram
           ,
           so
           famous
           amongst
           all
           Nations
           ;
           the
           King
           hoping
           that
           he
           would
           be
           destroyed
           either
           by
           the
           length
           of
           the
           Expedition
           ,
           or
           by
           war
           amongst
           the
           most
           barbarous
           of
           the
           Nations
           .
           Jason
           therefore
           ,
           the
           report
           being
           spread
           abroad
           of
           that
           glorious
           expedition
           ,
           when
           the
           most
           noble
           of
           the
           youth
           of
           the
           whole
           world
           did
           strive
           who
           first
           should
           come
           into
           that
           service
           ,
           did
           compose
           an
           Army
           of
           most
           excellent
           men
           ,
           who
           were
           called
           Argonautae
           ,
           whom
           after
           great
           atchievements
           ,
           when
           he
           had
           brought
           back
           safe
           into
           Greece
           ,
           they
           were
           with
           great
           force
           beaten
           from
           Thessaly
           by
           the
           Sons
           of
           
             Pelias
             ;
             Jason
          
           therefore
           with
           a
           great
           multitude
           (
           who
           on
           the
           report
           of
           his
           glory
           ,
           came
           daily
           out
           of
           all
           Nations
           to
           him
           )
           his
           Wife
           Medea
           being
           his
           companion
           (
           whom
           having
           repudiated
           ,
           he
           again
           in
           the
           commiseration
           of
           her
           banishment
           did
           take
           into
           the
           participation
           of
           his
           Bed
           )
           and
           Medius
           his
           Stepson
           ,
           begotten
           by
           Aegeus
           King
           of
           the
           Athenians
           ,
           did
           return
           to
           Colchos
           ,
           and
           restored
           there
           his
           Father-in-law
           driven
           from
           the
           Kingdom
           .
        
         
         
           After
           that
           he
           made
           great
           Wars
           against
           the
           neighbours
           ,
           and
           added
           to
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           his
           Father-in-law
           ,
           divers
           Cities
           that
           were
           taken
           ,
           to
           take
           away
           the
           injury
           of
           the
           former
           War
           ,
           in
           which
           he
           both
           took
           by
           force
           his
           daughter
           Medea
           ,
           and
           killed
           Aeg●alus
           the
           Son
           of
           Aetas
           ,
           and
           part
           of
           them
           he
           distributed
           to
           the
           people
           whom
           he
           had
           brought
           with
           him
           to
           serve
           him
           in
           his
           Wars
           :
           He
           was
           the
           first
           of
           all
           men
           who
           subdued
           that
           part
           of
           the
           world
           ,
           Hercules
           and
           Bacchus
           excepted
           ,
           who
           were
           said
           to
           be
           the
           Conquerors
           and
           the
           Kings
           of
           all
           the
           East
           .
           To
           some
           of
           the
           people
           he
           assigned
           Phrygius
           and
           Ansistratus
           to
           be
           their
           Generals
           ,
           who
           were
           the
           drivers
           of
           the
           Chariot
           of
           Castor
           and
           Pollux
           ;
           he
           made
           a
           league
           also
           with
           the
           Albanians
           ,
           who
           having
           followed
           Hercules
           out
           of
           the
           Mount
           Albania
           in
           Italy
           after
           he
           had
           slain
           Geryon
           ,
           did
           drive
           his
           Cattel
           through
           Italy
           ,
           and
           who
           being
           mindful
           from
           whence
           they
           derived
           their
           Original
           ,
           did
           in
           the
           War
           of
           Mithridates
           salute
           the
           Army
           of
           
             Cneius
             Pompeius
          
           by
           the
           name
           of
           brethren
           .
           All
           the
           East
           therefore
           did
           erect
           Temples
           and
           constitute
           Divine
           Honours
           to
           him
           ,
           which
           many
           years
           afterwards
           ,
           Parmenio
           Lieutenant
           General
           under
           Alexander
           the
           Great
           did
           command
           to
           be
           pulled
           down
           and
           abolished
           ,
           that
           no
           name
           in
           the
           East
           should
           be
           of
           more
           veneration
           then
           the
           name
           of
           Alexander
           himself
           .
        
         
         
           After
           the
           death
           of
           
             Jason
             ,
             Medus
          
           was
           the
           emulator
           of
           his
           vertues
           ,
           who
           in
           the
           honour
           of
           his
           Mother
           Medea
           ,
           did
           build
           a
           City
           ,
           and
           called
           it
           after
           her
           name
           ,
           and
           founded
           the
           Kingdom
           of
           the
           Medes
           after
           his
           own
           name
           ,
           in
           the
           Majesty
           whereof
           the
           Empire
           afterwards
           did
           a
           long
           time
           flourish
           .
           The
           Amazonians
           are
           near
           unto
           the
           Albanians
           whose
           Queen
           Thalestris
           desired
           for
           generation
           to
           have
           the
           carnal
           knowledge
           of
           Alexander
           the
           Great
           ,
           as
           we
           finde
           it
           asserted
           by
           several
           Authors
           .
           Armenius
           also
           being
           himself
           a
           Thessalian
           ,
           and
           one
           in
           the
           number
           of
           Jasons
           Captains
           ,
           having
           recollected
           a
           considerable
           party
           that
           wandred
           up
           and
           down
           after
           the
           death
           of
           Jason
           ,
           did
           plant
           Armenia
           ,
           from
           whose
           Hills
           the
           River
           Tygris
           doth
           first
           flow
           but
           with
           small
           beginnings
           ,
           and
           after
           some
           space
           she
           hides
           her self
           under
           Earth
           ,
           through
           which
           running
           undiscovered
           for
           the
           space
           of
           five
           and
           twenty
           miles
           ,
           she
           sheweth
           again
           her self
           ,
           and
           appears
           a
           great
           and
           violent
           River
           in
           the
           Country
           of
           Sophone
           ,
           from
           whence
           falling
           down
           ,
           is
           received
           into
           the
           waters
           of
           Euphrates
           .
        
         
           But
           Mithridates
           King
           of
           the
           Parthians
           ,
           after
           the
           war
           of
           Armenia
           ,
           was
           expelled
           by
           the
           Senate
           from
           the
           Parthian
           Kingdom
           ,
           by
           reason
           of
           his
           cruelty
           :
           His
           brother
           Horodes
           having
           possessed
           himself
           of
           the
           vacant
           Kingdom
           ,
           did
           for
           a
           long
           time
           besiege
           Babylonia
           ,
           
           whither
           Mithridates
           fled
           ,
           and
           at
           last
           compelled
           the
           Inhabitants
           ,
           being
           oppressed
           by
           famine
           ,
           to
           surrender
           themselves
           ;
           and
           Mithridates
           of
           his
           own
           accord
           in
           confidence
           of
           the
           contiguity
           of
           his
           blood
           ,
           did
           deliver
           himself
           unto
           the
           power
           of
           Horodes
           .
           But
           Horodes
           taking
           him
           to
           be
           rather
           an
           enemy
           then
           his
           brother
           ,
           did
           in
           his
           own
           presence
           command
           him
           to
           be
           slain
           .
           After
           this
           he
           made
           War
           upon
           the
           Romans
           ,
           and
           overthrew
           Crassus
           the
           Roman
           General
           ,
           with
           his
           Son
           ,
           and
           all
           the
           Roman
           Army
           .
           His
           Son
           Pacocus
           having
           performed
           great
           atchievements
           in
           Syria
           ,
           and
           being
           sent
           to
           pursue
           the
           relicts
           of
           the
           Roman
           Army
           ,
           was
           called
           back
           into
           Parthia
           ,
           being
           suspected
           by
           his
           Father
           ,
           in
           whose
           absence
           the
           Army
           of
           the
           Parthians
           being
           left
           in
           Syria
           ,
           were
           slain
           by
           Cassius
           the
           Quaestor
           of
           Crassus
           ,
           with
           all
           their
           Captains
           .
        
         
           This
           being
           performed
           ,
           not
           long
           after
           there
           did
           arise
           the
           Civil
           Wars
           of
           the
           Romans
           betwixt
           Caesar
           and
           Pompey
           ,
           in
           which
           the
           Parthians
           took
           the
           part
           of
           Pompey
           ,
           both
           by
           reason
           of
           their
           association
           with
           him
           in
           the
           war
           with
           Mithridates
           ,
           &
           because
           of
           the
           death
           of
           Crassus
           ,
           whose
           Son
           they
           heard
           did
           side
           with
           Caesar
           ,
           and
           who
           they
           doubted
           not
           would
           thoroughly
           revenge
           his
           Fathers
           death
           ,
           if
           Caesar
           were
           the
           Conqueror
           ;
           Therefore
           Pompey
           and
           all
           his
           party
           being
           overcome
           ,
           they
           afterwards
           sent
           
           their
           Auxiliaries
           to
           Cassius
           and
           Brutus
           against
           Augustus
           and
           Antonius
           ;
           and
           after
           the
           end
           of
           that
           war
           ,
           having
           entred
           into
           a
           league
           with
           Labienus
           ,
           they
           made
           desolate
           with
           their
           Armies
           both
           Syria
           and
           Asia
           ,
           and
           being
           as
           high
           in
           their
           resolutions
           as
           their
           numbers
           ,
           they
           assaulted
           the
           Camp
           of
           Ventidius
           ;
           who
           after
           Cassius
           ,
           in
           the
           absence
           of
           Pacorus
           did
           overthrow
           the
           Parthian
           Armie
           ;
           but
           Ventidius
           having
           dissembled
           a
           fear
           ,
           did
           a
           long
           time
           contain
           himself
           within
           the
           Camp
           ,
           and
           permitted
           the
           Parthians
           for
           a
           while
           to
           insult
           ;
           who
           being
           insolent
           and
           secure
           ,
           he
           at
           the
           last
           did
           send
           forth
           one
           part
           of
           the
           legions
           against
           them
           ,
           who
           charging
           upon
           them
           with
           great
           courage
           ,
           did
           utterly
           rout
           them
           ;
           Pacorus
           conceiving
           that
           his
           flying
           men
           had
           drawn
           along
           after
           them
           the
           Roman
           legions
           to
           pursue
           them
           ,
           did
           set
           upon
           the
           Camp
           of
           Ventidius
           ,
           supposing
           it
           to
           be
           destitute
           of
           defenders
           ;
           whereupon
           Ventidius
           sallying
           forth
           with
           the
           other
           part
           of
           the
           legions
           ,
           did
           cut
           off
           the
           whole
           Armie
           of
           the
           Parthians
           ,
           with
           the
           King
           Pacorus
           himself
           ;
           neither
           did
           the
           Parthians
           in
           any
           war
           receive
           a
           greater
           wound
           then
           in
           that
           battail
           .
        
         
           When
           these
           things
           were
           reported
           in
           
             Parthia
             ,
             Horodes
          
           the
           father
           of
           Pacorus
           ,
           who
           not
           long
           before
           had
           understood
           that
           all
           Syria
           was
           plundred
           ,
           and
           Asia
           seized
           upon
           by
           
           the
           Parthians
           ,
           and
           who
           did
           glorie
           ▪
           that
           his
           Son
           Pacorus
           was
           a
           Conqueror
           of
           the
           Romans
           ,
           being
           on
           a
           suddain
           informed
           both
           of
           the
           death
           of
           his
           Son
           ,
           and
           the
           total
           destruction
           of
           the
           Armie
           ,
           his
           grief
           was
           heightned
           into
           furie
           .
           For
           the
           space
           of
           many
           daies
           he
           would
           not
           speak
           to
           any
           ,
           nor
           take
           any
           sustenance
           ,
           nor
           utter
           any
           words
           at
           all
           ,
           insomuch
           that
           he
           seemed
           to
           be
           a
           dumb
           man.
           After
           many
           days
           ,
           when
           grief
           had
           opened
           the
           passage
           of
           his
           voice
           ,
           he
           called
           upon
           nothing
           but
           Pacorus
           ;
           he
           seemed
           as
           if
           he
           both
           heard
           and
           saw
           Pacorus
           ,
           and
           would
           stand
           still
           and
           speak
           as
           if
           he
           discoursed
           with
           him
           ,
           and
           somtimes
           would
           lamentably
           condole
           him
           ,
           being
           slain
           .
        
         
           After
           a
           long
           time
           of
           sorrow
           ,
           another
           affliction
           did
           invade
           the
           miserable
           old
           man
           ,
           which
           was
           to
           determine
           with
           himself
           ,
           which
           of
           his
           thirtie
           Sons
           he
           should
           make
           King
           in
           the
           place
           of
           Pacorus
           .
        
         
           He
           had
           many
           Concubines
           ,
           on
           whom
           so
           great
           a
           number
           of
           children
           were
           begotten
           ,
           and
           every
           one
           of
           them
           was
           importunate
           with
           him
           to
           make
           choice
           of
           her
           own
           Son
           ;
           but
           the
           fate
           of
           Parthia
           did
           so
           ordain
           ,
           (
           it
           being
           there
           a
           solemn
           custom
           to
           have
           Kings
           to
           be
           parricides
           )
           rhat
           the
           most
           wicked
           of
           them
           all
           ,
           Phrahartes
           by
           name
           ,
           should
           be
           elected
           King
           ,
           who
           no
           soo●ner
           was
           invested
           in
           his
           royaltie
           ,
           but
           (
           as
           if
           he
           would
           not
           die
           a
           natural
           death
           ,
           
           and
           when
           he
           would
           have
           him
           )
           did
           kill
           his
           father
           ,
           and
           afterwards
           put
           to
           death
           his
           thirtie
           Brothers
           ;
           neither
           did
           his
           guilt
           cease
           here
           ;
           for
           perceiving
           that
           the
           Peers
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           were
           much
           incensed
           against
           him
           for
           his
           daily
           cruelties
           ,
           he
           commanded
           his
           own
           Son
           ,
           being
           almost
           of
           age
           ,
           to
           be
           killed
           ,
           that
           there
           should
           not
           one
           remain
           who
           might
           bear
           the
           name
           of
           a
           King.
           
        
         
           
             Marke
             Antony
          
           made
           war
           upon
           him
           with
           sixteen
           gallant
           Legions
           ,
           because
           he
           brought
           aide
           to
           Pompey
           and
           his
           partie
           ,
           against
           Caesar
           and
           himself
           ;
           but
           his
           Armie
           being
           sorely
           weakned
           by
           many
           encounters
           ,
           he
           retreated
           from
           Parthia
           ;
           by
           which
           victorie
           ,
           Phrahartes
           being
           grown
           more
           insolent
           ,
           when
           he
           determined
           many
           things
           cruelly
           against
           the
           people
           ,
           he
           was
           driven
           into
           banishment
           by
           them
           ;
           and
           having
           with
           repeated
           importunities
           for
           a
           long
           time
           wearied
           the
           neighboring
           Cities
           ,
           and
           last
           of
           all
           the
           Scythians
           ,
           he
           was
           by
           their
           great
           assistance
           restored
           unto
           his
           Kingdom
           .
        
         
           In
           his
           absence
           the
           Parthians
           had
           constituted
           one
           Tyridates
           to
           be
           their
           King
           ,
           who
           understanding
           of
           the
           advance
           of
           the
           Scythians
           ,
           did
           flie
           with
           a
           great
           number
           of
           his
           friends
           to
           Caesar
           ,
           making
           war
           at
           the
           same
           time
           in
           Spain
           ,
           carrying
           with
           him
           as
           a
           pledge
           to
           Caesar
           ,
           the
           youngest
           Son
           of
           Phrahartes
           ,
           whom
           he
           took
           
           away
           by
           force
           ,
           being
           too
           negligently
           guarded
           .
           Which
           being
           understood
           ,
           Phrahartes
           sent
           presently
           Embassadors
           to
           Caesar
           ,
           demanding
           that
           his
           servant
           Tyridates
           and
           his
           Son
           should
           be
           restored
           to
           him
           .
        
         
           Caesar
           having
           understood
           the
           Embassie
           of
           Phrahartes
           ,
           and
           the
           desires
           of
           Tyridates
           ,
           (
           for
           he
           desired
           also
           to
           be
           restored
           to
           the
           Kingdom
           )
           affirming
           that
           the
           Romans
           would
           have
           a
           Right
           to
           Parthia
           ,
           if
           the
           Kingdom
           thereof
           should
           be
           at
           his
           disposing
           ,
           did
           make
           answer
           ,
           That
           he
           would
           neither
           deliver
           Tyridates
           to
           the
           Parthians
           ,
           neither
           would
           he
           aide
           Tyridates
           against
           them
           .
        
         
           And
           that
           it
           might
           appear
           that
           Caesar
           was
           not
           of
           that
           sullen
           temper
           ,
           that
           they
           could
           prevail
           nothing
           at
           all
           upon
           him
           ,
           he
           sent
           Phrahartes
           his
           Son
           without
           ransom
           ,
           and
           allowed
           Tyridates
           a
           large
           exhibition
           as
           long
           as
           he
           would
           continue
           with
           the
           Romans
           .
        
         
           After
           this
           ,
           the
           war
           in
           Spain
           being
           ended
           ,
           when
           he
           came
           into
           Syria
           to
           compose
           the
           State
           of
           the
           East
           ,
           Phrahartes
           was
           possessed
           with
           a
           great
           fear
           that
           he
           would
           make
           war
           against
           him
           .
        
         
           Therefore
           the
           Captains
           over
           all
           Parthia
           ,
           that
           were
           taken
           Prisoners
           in
           the
           Armies
           of
           Crassus
           ,
           or
           of
           Antony
           ,
           were
           recollected
           ,
           and
           the
           Ensigns
           that
           were
           taken
           ,
           were
           also
           sent
           back
           to
           Augustus
           ;
           
           with
           them
           the
           Sons
           and
           Nephews
           also
           of
           Phrahartes
           were
           given
           as
           pledges
           to
           Augustus
           ;
           and
           Caesar
           prevailed
           more
           with
           the
           greatness
           of
           his
           Name
           ,
           then
           another
           Emperor
           could
           have
           done
           by
           Arms.
           
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           Three
           &
           fortyeth
           BOOK
           OF
           IVSTINE
        
         
           THe
           affairs
           of
           Parthia
           ,
           and
           the
           East
           ,
           and
           almost
           of
           all
           the
           world
           ,
           being
           described
           ;
           Trogus
           ,
           as
           after
           a
           long
           pilgrimage
           ,
           doth
           return
           home
           ,
           thinking
           it
           the
           part
           of
           an
           ungrateful
           Citizen
           ,
           if
           having
           illustrated
           the
           actions
           of
           all
           Nations
           ,
           he
           should
           conceal
           the
           affairs
           only
           of
           his
           own
           Countrie
           .
           He
           briefly
           therefore
           toucheth
           upon
           the
           beginning
           of
           the
           Roman
           Empire
           ,
           that
           he
           might
           not
           exceed
           the
           measure
           
           of
           his
           propounded
           work
           ,
           and
           not
           in
           silence
           to
           pass
           by
           the
           original
           of
           that
           Citie
           which
           is
           the
           head
           of
           the
           whole
           World.
           
        
         
           The
           Inhabitants
           of
           Italie
           were
           first
           the
           Aborigines
           ,
           whose
           King
           Saturn
           was
           reported
           to
           be
           of
           so
           great
           Justice
           ,
           that
           no
           man
           served
           under
           him
           ,
           neither
           had
           he
           any
           thing
           private
           to
           himself
           ,
           but
           all
           things
           were
           undivided
           and
           common
           unto
           all
           as
           one
           patrimonie
           to
           them
           .
           In
           the
           memorie
           of
           which
           example
           ,
           it
           was
           provided
           that
           in
           the
           Saturnalia
           ,
           the
           Interests
           of
           every
           one
           being
           made
           equal
           ,
           the
           servants
           did
           everywhere
           in
           their
           banquets
           ,
           lie
           down
           along
           with
           their
           masters
           .
           Therefore
           Italie
           was
           called
           Saturnia
           ,
           after
           the
           Name
           of
           their
           King
           ;
           and
           the
           Hill
           where
           Saturn
           did
           inhabite
           ,
           being
           by
           Jupiter
           driven
           from
           his
           own
           Seat
           ,
           is
           called
           the
           Capitol
           .
        
         
           The
           third
           King
           who
           Reigned
           in
           Italie
           after
           him
           ,
           was
           Faunus
           ,
           in
           whose
           time
           Evander
           came
           into
           Italie
           from
           Pallantheum
           ,
           a
           Citie
           of
           Arcadia
           ,
           with
           a
           small
           Retinue
           ,
           to
           whom
           Faunus
           did
           bountifully
           assign
           certain
           fields
           and
           a
           Hill
           ,
           which
           he
           afterwards
           called
           the
           Hill
           Palatine
           .
           At
           the
           foot
           of
           this
           Hill
           he
           errected
           a
           Temple
           to
           Lycaeus
           ,
           whom
           the
           Greeks
           call
           Pan
           ,
           and
           the
           
             Romans
             Lupercus
          
           .
           The
           Effigies
           of
           the
           god
           is
           cloathed
           with
           the
           skin
           of
           a
           Goat
           ,
           in
           which
           habit
           they
           rnn
           up
           and
           down
           in
           Rome
           at
           the
           
             Lupercals
             .
             Faunus
          
           had
           
           a
           wife
           whose
           name
           was
           Fatua
           ,
           who
           being
           daily
           filled
           with
           a
           divine
           Spirit
           ,
           did
           as
           it
           were
           in
           a
           furie
           presage
           of
           things
           to
           come
           ,
           from
           whence
           those
           that
           to
           this
           daie
           are
           inspired
           ,
           are
           said
           to
           fatuate
           ,
           or
           to
           foretell
           the
           events
           of
           Fates
           to
           come
           .
           Latinus
           conceived
           in
           whoredom
           ,
           was
           the
           son
           of
           the
           daughter
           of
           Faunus
           ,
           and
           of
           Hercules
           ,
           who
           at
           that
           time
           having
           killed
           Geryon
           ,
           did
           drive
           his
           Cattle
           through
           Italie
           ,
           the
           rewards
           of
           his
           Victorie
           .
           In
           the
           Reign
           of
           
             Latinus
             ,
             Aeneas
          
           came
           from
           Ilium
           into
           
             Italie
             ,
             Troy
          
           being
           sacked
           and
           destroyed
           by
           the
           Greeks
           .
           He
           was
           immediately
           entertained
           with
           war
           ,
           and
           drawing
           forth
           his
           Armie
           to
           battail
           ,
           Latinus
           sending
           a
           Trumpet
           to
           parly
           with
           him
           ,
           was
           possessed
           with
           such
           an
           admiration
           of
           him
           ,
           that
           he
           received
           him
           into
           the
           societie
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           Lavinia
           being
           given
           him
           in
           marriage
           ,
           he
           was
           the
           son
           in
           law
           to
           Latinus
           .
           After
           this
           they
           had
           both
           war
           with
           Turnus
           King
           of
           the
           Rutilians
           ,
           because
           Lavinia
           who
           before
           the
           arrival
           of
           Aeneas
           was
           betrothed
           to
           him
           ,
           was
           denied
           him
           in
           marriage
           .
           In
           this
           war
           both
           Turnus
           and
           Latinus
           perished
           ;
           therefore
           when
           Aeneas
           by
           the
           Law
           of
           Arms
           commanded
           over
           both
           people
           ,
           he
           builded
           a
           Citie
           after
           the
           name
           of
           his
           wife
           Lavinia
           .
           He
           afterwards
           made
           war
           against
           Mezentius
           King
           of
           the
           Tuscans
           ,
           in
           which
           dying
           himself
           ,
           his
           Son
           Ascanius
           did
           
           succeed
           him
           ,
           who
           having
           abandoned
           the
           Citie
           Lavinium
           ,
           did
           build
           long
           Alba
           ,
           which
           for
           three
           hundred
           years
           was
           the
           Metropolis
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           .
           After
           the
           Reign
           of
           many
           Kings
           of
           that
           Citie
           ,
           at
           the
           last
           Numitor
           and
           Amulius
           did
           enjoy
           the
           Kingdom
           ▪
           but
           when
           Amulius
           had
           disenthroned
           Numitor
           ,
           who
           was
           the
           more
           respected
           by
           reason
           of
           his
           age
           ,
           he
           politickly
           devoted
           his
           Daughter
           Rhea
           to
           a
           perpetual
           Virginitie
           ,
           that
           there
           should
           be
           no
           more
           children
           out
           of
           the
           race
           of
           Numitor
           ,
           to
           take
           revenge
           on
           him
           for
           the
           usurpation
           of
           the
           Kingdom
           ;
           and
           the
           better
           to
           conceal
           his
           design
           ,
           a
           pretence
           of
           honor
           was
           added
           to
           the
           injurie
           ,
           and
           she
           seemed
           not
           so
           much
           to
           be
           a
           person
           condemned
           ,
           as
           a
           Voteress
           elected
           .
           Therefore
           being
           shut
           up
           in
           a
           Wood
           sacred
           to
           Mars
           ,
           she
           brought
           forth
           two
           children
           at
           one
           birth
           ;
           it
           is
           uncertain
           whether
           begotten
           by
           Mars
           or
           by
           incontinence
           with
           another
           .
           Amulius
           his
           fear
           being
           multiplyed
           by
           the
           birth
           of
           the
           two
           boys
           ,
           did
           command
           them
           to
           be
           exposed
           ,
           and
           laded
           Rhea
           with
           chains
           ,
           by
           the
           injurie
           and
           burden
           whereof
           she
           not
           long
           after
           died
           .
           But
           fortune
           prospicient
           to
           the
           Original
           of
           Rome
           ,
           did
           provide
           a
           Woolf
           to
           give
           suck
           to
           the
           children
           ,
           who
           having
           lost
           her
           whelps
           ,
           and
           desiring
           to
           emptie
           her
           teats
           ,
           did
           offer
           her self
           as
           a
           Nurse
           to
           the
           Infants
           ,
           and
           returning
           often
           
           to
           the
           children
           ,
           as
           to
           her
           own
           young
           ones
           ;
           Faustulus
           the
           Shepherd
           observed
           it
           ,
           and
           having
           taken
           them
           from
           the
           Woolf
           ,
           he
           brought
           them
           up
           amongst
           the
           flocks
           in
           a
           rural
           life
           .
           It
           is
           by
           manifest
           arguments
           believed
           ,
           that
           the
           boys
           were
           begotten
           by
           Mars
           ,
           both
           because
           they
           were
           born
           in
           his
           Grove
           ,
           and
           were
           nursed
           also
           by
           a
           Woolf
           ,
           which
           is
           a
           creature
           under
           the
           protection
           of
           Mars
           .
           One
           of
           the
           boys
           was
           called
           
             Remus
             ▪
          
           and
           the
           other
           Romulus
           ;
           being
           at
           mans
           estate
           ,
           in
           their
           daily
           exercises
           amongst
           the
           Shepherds
           ,
           they
           did
           encrease
           their
           strength
           and
           swiftness
           ,
           and
           did
           oftentimes
           with
           prompt
           industrie
           drive
           away
           the
           Theeves
           that
           came
           to
           steal
           the
           Cattle
           .
           It
           so
           fell
           out
           that
           Remus
           at
           last
           was
           taken
           by
           them
           ,
           and
           as
           if
           he
           was
           himself
           the
           same
           which
           he
           did
           forbid
           in
           another
           ,
           he
           was
           brought
           unto
           the
           King
           ,
           and
           accused
           to
           have
           been
           accustomed
           to
           rob
           the
           flocks
           of
           Numitor
           ;
           wherefore
           the
           King
           did
           deliver
           him
           to
           Numitor
           to
           be
           revenged
           of
           him
           .
           But
           Numitor
           being
           moved
           with
           the
           flourish
           of
           his
           youth
           ,
           and
           his
           suspition
           calling
           to
           his
           minde
           his
           Nephew
           exposed
           ,
           when
           the
           similitude
           of
           the
           savor
           of
           his
           daughter
           ,
           and
           the
           time
           at
           which
           he
           was
           exposed
           ,
           did
           agree
           with
           his
           age
           ▪
           and
           held
           him
           very
           doubtful
           :
           Behold
           then
           Faustulus
           came
           unexpectedly
           with
           Romulus
           ,
           by
           whom
           the
           Original
           of
           the
           
           ●oys
           being
           understood
           ,
           the
           plot
           immediatey
           was
           contrived
           ;
           the
           young
           men
           were
           armed
           or
           the
           revenge
           of
           their
           mothers
           death
           ,
           and
           Numitor
           for
           his
           Kingdom
           taken
           from
           him
           .
           Amulius
           being
           slain
           ,
           the
           Kingdom
           was
           retored
           to
           Numitor
           ,
           and
           the
           Citie
           of
           Rome
           was
           ●uilded
           by
           the
           young
           men
           ;
           the
           Senate
           then
           was
           constituted
           ,
           consisting
           of
           one
           hundred
           Seniors
           ,
           who
           were
           called
           Fathers
           .
           The
           Neighbors
           also
           disdaining
           that
           their
           daughters
           should
           be
           married
           unto
           Shepherds
           ,
           the
           Sabin
           Virgins
           were
           taken
           away
           by
           violence
           ,
           and
           the
           Nations
           about
           them
           being
           overcome
           by
           Arms
           ,
           they
           first
           obtained
           the
           Empire
           of
           Italie
           ,
           and
           afterwards
           of
           the
           world
           .
        
         
           In
           those
           times
           it
           was
           the
           custom
           of
           Kings
           ,
           instead
           of
           Diadems
           ,
           to
           use
           Spears
           ,
           which
           the
           Greeks
           call
           Scepters
           ;
           for
           in
           the
           beginning
           of
           time
           ,
           the
           Antients
           worshipped
           Spears
           for
           the
           immortal
           Gods
           ;
           in
           the
           memorie
           whereof
           ,
           Spears
           at
           this
           daie
           are
           added
           to
           the
           Images
           of
           the
           gods
           .
           In
           the
           times
           of
           King
           Tarquin
           ,
           the
           youth
           of
           the
           Phocensians
           being
           brought
           into
           the
           mouth
           of
           Tyber
           ;
           did
           enter
           into
           friendship
           with
           the
           Romans
           ;
           and
           sayling
           from
           thence
           into
           the
           furthest
           parts
           of
           France
           ,
           they
           builded
           Massilia
           betwixt
           the
           Ligurians
           and
           other
           fierce
           Nations
           of
           the
           Gauls
           ,
           and
           performed
           great
           atchievements
           ,
           whiles
           by
           Arms
           they
           either
           protected
           themselves
           
           against
           their
           barbarous
           insolence
           ,
           o●
           whiles
           of
           their
           own
           accord
           they
           did
           provoke
           them
           ,
           of
           whom
           they
           were
           provoked
           heretofor●
           .
        
         
           For
           the
           Phocensians
           (
           being
           compelled
           by
           the
           barrenness
           of
           their
           soyl
           )
           did
           live
           with
           more
           industrie
           and
           alacritie
           on
           the
           Seas
           ,
           then
           on
           the
           Land
           ,
           and
           did
           lead
           their
           lives
           somtimes
           by
           fishing
           ,
           somtimes
           by
           trading
           ,
           but
           for
           the
           most
           part
           by
           Pyracie
           ,
           which
           at
           that
           time
           was
           accounted
           honorable
           .
           Therefore
           having
           sailed
           into
           the
           farthest
           Coasts
           of
           all
           the
           Ocean
           ,
           they
           came
           into
           a
           harbor
           at
           the
           mouth
           of
           the
           River
           of
           Rhone
           ,
           and
           being
           delighted
           with
           the
           pleasure
           of
           the
           place
           ,
           on
           their
           return
           to
           their
           own
           Countrie
           ,
           discovering
           to
           others
           what
           they
           had
           seen
           themselves
           ,
           they
           stirred
           up
           many
           men
           to
           undertake
           that
           voyage
           .
           Furius
           and
           Peranus
           were
           the
           Admiral
           and
           Vice-Admiral
           of
           their
           Fleet.
           They
           came
           to
           the
           King
           of
           the
           
             Segoregians
             ,
             S●●anus
          
           by
           name
           ,
           in
           whose
           Territories
           they
           d●●ired
           to
           build
           their
           City
           ,
           desiring
           his
           friendship
           .
           It
           so
           fell
           out
           ,
           that
           the
           King
           on
           th●●
           daie
           was
           employed
           in
           the
           preparations
           for
           the
           marriage
           of
           his
           daughter
           Gyptis
           ;
           for
           whom
           according
           to
           the
           custom
           of
           that
           Nation
           ,
           he
           intended
           to
           provide
           a
           husband
           ,
           who
           was
           to
           be
           chosen
           by
           her self
           ,
           at
           a
           great
           and
           solemn
           feast
           prepared
           for
           that
           purpose
           .
           
           Therefore
           all
           the
           Suitors
           being
           invited
           to
           the
           ●inner
           ,
           the
           Grecian
           Guests
           were
           also
           intreatd
           to
           be
           present
           at
           it
           .
           The
           Virgin
           then
           (
           acording
           to
           the
           custom
           being
           brought
           in
           )
           and
           eing
           commanded
           by
           her
           father
           to
           give
           waer
           unto
           him
           whom
           she
           would
           make
           choice
           of
           ●o
           be
           her
           husband
           ,
           she
           passing
           by
           all
           the
           Gauls
           ,
           did
           turn
           towards
           the
           Greeks
           ,
           and
           gave
           the
           water
           to
           Peranus
           ,
           who
           being
           made
           of
           a
           guest
           a
           Son
           in
           law
           ,
           had
           a
           place
           assigned
           to
           him
           wherein
           to
           build
           his
           Citie
           .
           Mas●ilia
           therefore
           was
           builded
           neer
           unto
           the
           mouth
           of
           the
           River
           of
           Rhone
           on
           a
           remote
           Bay
           ,
           as
           it
           were
           an
           angle
           of
           the
           Sea.
           But
           the
           Ligurians
           envying
           the
           prosperitie
           and
           increase
           of
           the
           Citie
           ,
           did
           wearie
           the
           Grecians
           with
           daily
           wars
           ,
           who
           in
           beating
           back
           the
           dangers
           from
           them
           ,
           became
           so
           glorious
           ,
           that
           their
           enemies
           being
           overthrown
           ,
           they
           sent
           forth
           many
           Colonies
           into
           the
           neighboring
           Countries
           ;
           from
           these
           the
           Gauls
           being
           instructed
           ,
           their
           barbarous
           manners
           being
           either
           quite
           laid
           aside
           ,
           or
           more
           civilized
           ,
           they
           learned
           the
           use
           of
           a
           more
           refined
           course
           of
           life
           ;
           as
           to
           exercise
           and
           mitigate
           the
           field
           s
           with
           ploughs
           ,
           and
           to
           environ
           and
           to
           defend
           their
           Cities
           with
           Walls
           .
           They
           then
           began
           to
           live
           not
           only
           by
           Arms
           ,
           but
           Laws
           ;
           they
           learned
           to
           prune
           the
           Vine
           ,
           and
           to
           plant
           the
           Olive
           .
           And
           so
           great
           a
           beautie
           and
           order
           
           was
           observed
           both
           in
           disposing
           of
           the
           things
           and
           men
           ;
           that
           Greece
           did
           not
           seem
           to
           come
           into
           Gallia
           ,
           but
           Gallia
           to
           be
           translated
           into
           
             Greece
             .
             Senanus
          
           King
           of
           the
           Segoregians
           being
           dead
           ,
           from
           whom
           the
           place
           was
           received
           to
           build
           the
           Citie
           ,
           his
           Son
           Commanus
           did
           succeed
           him
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           and
           a
           certain
           King
           affirming
           that
           the
           time
           would
           come
           ,
           when
           Massilia
           should
           be
           the
           destruction
           of
           the
           neighboring
           people
           ;
           did
           argue
           that
           it
           might
           be
           suppressed
           in
           the
           Original
           ,
           lest
           growing
           strong
           by
           degrees
           ,
           it
           might
           at
           last
           suppress
           him
           ,
           who
           gave
           both
           an
           Original
           and
           an
           encrease
           unto
           it
           ;
           to
           the
           performance
           whereof
           he
           inserted
           this
           following
           Fable
           .
        
         
           A
           Bitch
           great
           with
           whelp
           ,
           did
           petition
           to
           a
           Shepherd
           to
           give
           her
           room
           in
           which
           to
           bring
           forth
           her
           young
           ones
           ;
           which
           being
           obtained
           ,
           she
           petitioned
           to
           him
           again
           to
           grant
           her
           the
           same
           room
           to
           bring
           up
           her
           young
           ones
           ;
           at
           the
           last
           her
           whelps
           growing
           into
           age
           ,
           and
           she
           being
           supported
           with
           her
           Domestick
           numbers
           ,
           did
           challenge
           the
           proprietie
           of
           the
           place
           unto
           her self
           .
        
         
           So
           the
           Massilians
           who
           do
           now
           appear
           to
           be
           but
           strangers
           ,
           may
           in
           a
           short
           time
           become
           Lords
           of
           the
           Countrie
           .
        
         
           The
           King
           being
           incited
           by
           the
           application
           of
           this
           storie
           ,
           did
           attempt
           by
           deceits
           to
           destroy
           the
           Massilians
           .
           Therefore
           on
           the
           
           Holy-day
           dedicated
           to
           Flora
           ,
           he
           sent
           many
           lustie
           and
           able
           men
           into
           the
           Citie
           ,
           to
           be
           entertained
           as
           guests
           ,
           and
           gave
           order
           that
           many
           more
           should
           be
           brought
           in
           Carts
           ,
           in
           which
           they
           should
           be
           covered
           with
           green
           leaves
           ,
           whiles
           he
           himself
           with
           his
           Armie
           lay
           hid
           in
           the
           next
           hills
           ,
           that
           they
           might
           be
           present
           when
           the
           opportunitie
           served
           for
           their
           Ambush
           ,
           and
           the
           Gates
           in
           the
           night
           being
           opened
           to
           receive
           their
           Carts
           ,
           they
           might
           with
           armed
           men
           invade
           the
           Citie
           drowned
           in
           wine
           and
           sleep
           .
        
         
           But
           a
           woman
           ,
           who
           by
           the
           contiguitie
           of
           blood
           had
           neer
           relation
           to
           the
           King
           ,
           being
           accustomed
           to
           play
           the
           wanton
           with
           one
           of
           the
           Grecians
           ,
           pittying
           the
           loveliness
           of
           the
           young
           man
           in
           her
           embraces
           of
           him
           ,
           did
           betray
           the
           deceit
           unto
           him
           ,
           and
           desired
           him
           to
           decline
           the
           danger
           .
           He
           immediately
           informed
           the
           Magistrates
           with
           it
           ;
           and
           the
           prepared
           treacheries
           being
           discovered
           ,
           the
           Ligurians
           were
           apprehended
           ,
           and
           lying
           hid
           were
           drawn
           out
           of
           the
           Carts
           ,
           and
           being
           all
           put
           to
           death
           ,
           deceits
           were
           prepared
           for
           the
           deceitful
           King
           ,
           and
           seven
           thousand
           of
           the
           Ligurians
           were
           slain
           with
           the
           King
           himself
           .
        
         
           After
           this
           ,
           the
           Massilians
           did
           alwaies
           upon
           their
           Holy-daies
           keep
           their
           Gates
           shut
           ,
           and
           observed
           a
           strict
           watch
           ,
           and
           had
           Centinels
           to
           walk
           their
           Rounds
           on
           the
           walls
           ,
           and
           
           to
           take
           notice
           of
           strangers
           ,
           and
           to
           demand
           the
           word
           ;
           and
           thus
           ,
           as
           if
           they
           were
           invironed
           with
           war
           ,
           they
           managed
           their
           Citie
           in
           the
           times
           of
           peace
           ;
           so
           punctually
           good
           Instructions
           are
           observed
           there
           ▪
           not
           so
           much
           by
           the
           necessitie
           of
           the
           times
           ,
           as
           by
           the
           custom
           of
           doing
           well
           .
        
         
           After
           this
           the
           Massilians
           had
           for
           many
           years
           great
           wars
           with
           the
           Ligurians
           and
           the
           Gauls
           ,
           which
           both
           increased
           the
           glorie
           of
           the
           Citie
           ,
           and
           amongst
           the
           neighboring
           Countries
           ,
           made
           famous
           the
           valor
           of
           the
           Greeks
           by
           their
           multiplied
           Victories
           .
        
         
           And
           when
           a
           new
           war
           arose
           from
           Carthage
           ,
           they
           having
           surprized
           the
           Busses
           of
           their
           Fishermen
           ▪
           they
           often
           overthrew
           the
           Armie
           of
           the
           Carthaginians
           ,
           and
           gave
           peace
           unto
           them
           ,
           being
           conquered
           .
           They
           entred
           into
           a
           league
           with
           the
           Spaniards
           ;
           and
           almost
           from
           the
           first
           foundation
           of
           their
           Citie
           ,
           they
           observed
           their
           friendship
           with
           the
           Romans
           with
           great
           fidelitie
           ,
           and
           in
           all
           their
           wars
           industriously
           assisted
           their
           associats
           ,
           which
           both
           increased
           the
           confidence
           of
           their
           strength
           ,
           and
           purchased
           them
           peace
           from
           their
           enemies
           .
        
         
           When
           Massilia
           flourished
           therefore
           with
           the
           same
           of
           their
           atchievements
           ,
           the
           abundance
           of
           their
           wealth
           ,
           and
           the
           glorie
           of
           their
           strength
           ,
           the
           neighboring
           people
           in
           conspiring
           multitudes
           did
           gather
           themselves
           together
           
           to
           root
           out
           the
           name
           of
           the
           Massilians
           ,
           as
           to
           extinguish
           a
           common
           fire
           .
           By
           the
           consent
           of
           all
           ,
           Caramandus
           was
           chosen
           General
           ,
           who
           when
           he
           besieged
           the
           Citie
           with
           a
           powerful
           Armie
           of
           chosen
           men
           ,
           being
           affrighted
           in
           his
           sleep
           with
           the
           vision
           of
           a
           hard
           favoured
           woman
           ,
           who
           called
           her self
           a
           goddess
           ,
           he
           offered
           peace
           of
           his
           own
           accord
           to
           the
           Massilians
           ,
           and
           having
           desired
           that
           he
           might
           be
           allowed
           the
           libertie
           to
           enter
           into
           their
           Citie
           ,
           and
           to
           worship
           their
           gods
           ,
           when
           he
           came
           unto
           the
           Temple
           of
           Minerva
           ,
           and
           beheld
           in
           the
           p●rtalls
           of
           it
           ,
           the
           image
           of
           the
           goddess
           which
           he
           beheld
           before
           in
           his
           sleep
           ,
           he
           immediately
           cried
           out
           ,
           that
           that
           was
           she
           who
           did
           affright
           him
           in
           the
           night
           ,
           and
           commanded
           him
           to
           raise
           the
           siege
           ;
           and
           having
           gratulated
           the
           Massilians
           ,
           that
           the
           immortal
           gods
           had
           care
           of
           them
           ,
           he
           entred
           into
           a
           perpetual
           league
           with
           them
           ,
           having
           recompenced
           the
           goddess
           with
           a
           chain
           of
           Gold.
           
        
         
           Peace
           being
           obtained
           ,
           and
           their
           securitie
           established
           ,
           the
           Embassadors
           of
           the
           Marsilians
           having
           returned
           from
           Delphos
           ,
           to
           which
           place
           being
           sent
           ,
           they
           had
           brought
           gifts
           unto
           Apollo
           ,
           did
           inform
           them
           that
           they
           heard
           in
           the
           way
           that
           the
           Citie
           of
           Rome
           was
           taken
           by
           the
           Gauls
           and
           set
           on
           fire
           ;
           they
           seemed
           to
           be
           much
           afflicted
           at
           the
           loss
           ,
           and
           did
           prosecute
           it
           with
           a
           publick
           funeral
           ,
           and
           sent
           
           their
           Gold
           ,
           both
           what
           they
           had
           in
           private
           as
           well
           as
           publick
           ,
           to
           make
           up
           the
           summe
           ,
           having
           understood
           that
           they
           had
           redeemed
           their
           Citie
           and
           their
           peace
           with
           money
           from
           the
           Gauls
           .
           For
           which
           benefit
           ,
           it
           was
           decreed
           by
           the
           Senate
           ,
           that
           they
           should
           be
           made
           free
           of
           Rome
           ,
           and
           a
           place
           allowed
           them
           in
           the
           publick
           Spectacles
           ,
           and
           a
           solemn
           league
           was
           again
           confirmed
           perpetually
           to
           be
           observed
           with
           equal
           Interests
           on
           both
           sides
           .
           In
           his
           last
           book
           Trogus
           affi●ms
           that
           his
           Ancestors
           derived
           their
           original
           from
           the
           Volscians
           ,
           that
           his
           Grandfather
           
             Trogus
             Pompeius
          
           was
           made
           free
           of
           the
           Citie
           ,
           at
           what
           time
           
             Cneius
             Pompeius
          
           made
           war
           against
           Sertorius
           in
           Spain
           ;
           he
           affirmeth
           also
           ,
           that
           his
           Uncle
           under
           the
           same
           Pompey
           ,
           was
           Colonel
           of
           a
           Regiment
           of
           horse
           ,
           in
           the
           war
           against
           Mithridates
           ,
           and
           that
           his
           father
           served
           in
           the
           wars
           under
           
             Caius
             Caesar
          
           ,
           and
           that
           he
           was
           both
           his
           Secretarie
           ,
           the
           master
           of
           the
           Complements
           ,
           and
           had
           the
           office
           of
           the
           Seal
           .
        
      
       
         
         
           THE
           Four
           and
           Fortieth
           BOOK
           OF
           IVSTINE
           .
        
         
           SPain
           ,
           as
           it
           is
           she
           doth
           shut
           up
           the
           limits
           of
           Europe
           ,
           so
           it
           is
           the
           conclusion
           of
           this
           Work.
           The
           Antients
           called
           it
           first
           Hyberia
           ,
           from
           the
           River
           Hyberus
           ,
           and
           after
           
           Spain
           ●om
           Hispanus
           .
           It
           is
           situated
           betwixt
           Africk
           nd
           France
           ,
           and
           inclosed
           with
           the
           main
           ●cean
           and
           the
           Pyrenaean
           mountains
           ;
           and
           as
           is
           less
           then
           either
           Africk
           or
           France
           ,
           so
           it
           more
           fruitful
           then
           either
           ;
           for
           it
           is
           not
           
           scorched
           with
           the
           violence
           of
           the
           Sun
           as
           Africa
           ,
           neither
           is
           it
           troubled
           with
           daily
           windes
           as
           France
           ,
           but
           enjoyes
           a
           mean
           betwixt
           both
           ,
           and
           by
           its
           temperate
           heat
           ,
           and
           seasonable
           and
           pregnant
           showers
           ,
           it
           produceth
           all
           variety
           of
           fruits
           ,
           insomuch
           that
           it
           sufficeth
           not
           only
           the
           Inhabitants
           ,
           but
           sendeth
           forth
           abundance
           of
           all
           things
           to
           Italie
           and
           the
           Citie
           of
           Rome
           ;
           neither
           is
           there
           in
           it
           only
           great
           store
           of
           Corn
           ,
           but
           also
           of
           wine
           ,
           honie
           ▪
           and
           oyl
           .
           There
           is
           in
           it
           also
           ,
           an
           abundance
           of
           steel
           ,
           and
           of
           swift
           horses
           ;
           and
           it
           is
           not
           only
           to
           be
           praised
           for
           the
           outward
           goods
           of
           the
           earth
           ,
           and
           which
           are
           on
           the
           superfiices
           of
           it
           ,
           but
           for
           the
           many
           Mines
           ,
           and
           richness
           of
           the
           metals
           in
           the
           bowels
           of
           it
           .
           There
           is
           also
           abundance
           of
           Flax
           and
           Spartus
           ,
           and
           no
           Count●ie
           in
           the
           world
           undoubtedly
           ,
           is
           more
           full
           of
           minion
           .
        
         
           In
           this
           Kingdom
           ,
           the
           courses
           of
           the
           Rivers
           are
           not
           now
           so
           violent
           as
           to
           bring
           any
           hurt
           by
           their
           swiftness
           ,
           but
           smooth
           and
           gentle
           ,
           and
           water
           both
           the
           fields
           and
           Vine-yards
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           high
           tides
           from
           the
           Ocean
           ,
           very
           full
           of
           fish
           .
        
         
           Many
           of
           their
           Rivers
           are
           rich
           in
           Gold
           ,
           which
           are
           celebrated
           by
           the
           praises
           of
           many
           writers
           ;
           It
           onely
           joyns
           to
           France
           by
           one
           ridge
           of
           the
           Pyrenaean
           hills
           ;
           on
           all
           other
           parts
           of
           it
           ,
           like
           to
           a
           circle
           ,
           it
           is
           surrounded
           
           by
           the
           Sea.
           The
           Form
           of
           the
           Countrie
           is
           almost
           four
           square
           ,
           unless
           when
           it
           is
           shut
           in
           by
           the
           Pyrenaean
           Hills
           ,
           the
           Sea
           shores
           being
           there
           more
           straight
           and
           narrow
           .
        
         
           The
           space
           of
           the
           Pyrenaean
           Hills
           doth
           contain
           six
           hundred
           miles
           .
           The
           salubrity
           of
           the
           air
           and
           the
           equal
           temper
           of
           it
           throughout
           all
           Spain
           is
           not
           infected
           with
           any
           hea●ie
           mists
           from
           the
           marshes
           ;
           to
           this
           may
           be
           added
           the
           cool
           aires
           from
           the
           Sea
           ,
           and
           the
           gentle
           and
           daily
           whisperings
           of
           the
           windes
           ,
           which
           piercing
           through
           all
           the
           Countrie
           ,
           is
           an
           occasion
           of
           a
           great
           and
           general
           health
           to
           all
           .
        
         
           The
           bodies
           of
           the
           men
           are
           prepared
           for
           hunger
           and
           labor
           ,
           and
           their
           resolutions
           for
           death
           .
           They
           are
           all
           and
           altogether
           given
           to
           frugalitie
           ,
           and
           covet
           war
           rather
           then
           sloth
           ;
           if
           they
           want
           an
           enemie
           abroad
           ,
           they
           will
           seek
           him
           at
           home
           .
           They
           have
           been
           oftentimes
           tormented
           to
           death
           ,
           for
           the
           concealing
           of
           things
           committed
           to
           their
           trust
           ;
           so
           much
           more
           strong
           is
           the
           care
           of
           their
           taciturnitie
           then
           of
           their
           life
           .
        
         
           The
           patience
           of
           that
           servant
           is
           made
           famous
           in
           the
           Carthaginian
           war
           ,
           who
           having
           revenged
           his
           master
           ,
           did
           insult
           with
           lowd
           laughter
           on
           the
           rack
           ,
           and
           in
           an
           unclouded
           and
           pure
           joy
           ,
           overcame
           the
           horror
           of
           death
           ,
           and
           the
           crueltie
           of
           his
           tormentors
           .
        
         
         
           The
           Nation
           are
           swift
           of
           feet
           ,
           they
           have
           for
           the
           most
           part
           active
           spirits
           ;
           Horses
           for
           service
           in
           war
           ,
           and
           good
           swords
           are
           more
           dear
           unto
           them
           then
           their
           own
           blood
           .
           They
           have
           no
           feasts
           there
           but
           on
           holy-daies
           .
        
         
           After
           the
           second
           Carthaginian
           war
           ,
           they
           learned
           of
           the
           Romans
           to
           be
           bathed
           in
           hot
           water
           .
           In
           a
           long
           course
           of
           time
           they
           had
           never
           any
           famous
           General
           besides
           Veriatus
           ,
           who
           for
           the
           space
           of
           ten
           years
           ,
           wearied
           the
           Romans
           with
           various
           victory
           ,
           (
           so
           much
           the
           more
           neer
           to
           beasts
           then
           unto
           men
           are
           their
           dispositions
           )
           Neither
           was
           he
           elected
           by
           the
           suffrages
           of
           the
           people
           ,
           but
           they
           followed
           him
           as
           a
           warie
           man
           ,
           and
           expert
           to
           decline
           dangers
           ;
           and
           so
           great
           was
           his
           valor
           ,
           and
           his
           continence
           ,
           that
           though
           oftentimes
           he
           overthrew
           the
           Armies
           of
           the
           Consuls
           ,
           and
           was
           renowned
           for
           great
           atchievements
           ,
           yet
           he
           never
           changed
           his
           arms
           nor
           his
           habit
           ,
           no
           not
           so
           much
           as
           his
           diet
           ,
           and
           continued
           in
           the
           same
           fashion
           of
           cloaths
           and
           Arms
           in
           which
           at
           first
           he
           began
           to
           fight
           ,
           insomuch
           that
           every
           common
           Souldier
           did
           seem
           more
           gallant
           then
           the
           General
           himself
           .
        
         
           In
           Portugal
           ,
           neer
           unto
           the
           River
           of
           Tagus
           ,
           it
           is
           affirmed
           by
           divers
           Authors
           ,
           that
           Mares
           do
           conceive
           by
           the
           winde
           ,
           which
           fables
           received
           their
           original
           by
           the
           fruitfulness
           and
           abundance
           of
           them
           ,
           who
           are
           found
           to
           be
           so
           
           swift
           in
           Galizia
           ,
           and
           in
           Portugal
           ,
           that
           not
           undeservedly
           they
           seem
           to
           be
           conceived
           by
           the
           winde
           .
        
         
           The
           Galizians
           do
           derive
           their
           pedigree
           from
           the
           Grecians
           ;
           for
           after
           the
           end
           of
           the
           Trojan
           war
           ,
           Teucer
           being
           hated
           by
           his
           father
           Telamon
           ,
           and
           not
           received
           into
           the
           Kingdom
           by
           reason
           of
           the
           death
           of
           his
           Brother
           Ajax
           ,
           sayled
           unto
           Cyprus
           ,
           and
           builded
           there
           the
           Citie
           Salamina
           ,
           after
           the
           Name
           of
           his
           antient
           Countrie
           ;
           to
           which
           place
           (
           having
           understood
           of
           the
           death
           of
           his
           father
           )
           he
           not
           long
           afterwards
           returned
           ;
           But
           when
           Eurix
           the
           Son
           of
           Ajax
           would
           not
           suffer
           him
           to
           land
           ;
           he
           lanched
           forth
           into
           the
           Deeps
           again
           ,
           and
           by
           rough
           windes
           was
           driven
           to
           the
           Coasts
           of
           Spain
           ;
           where
           he
           possessed
           himself
           of
           that
           place
           on
           which
           new
           Carthage
           now
           doth
           stand
           ;
           from
           thence
           he
           sayled
           to
           Galizia
           ,
           and
           having
           planted
           there
           a
           Colony
           ,
           he
           gave
           a
           name
           unto
           that
           Nation
           .
           Howsoever
           Galizia
           is
           said
           to
           be
           the
           portion
           of
           Amphilochus
           .
        
         
           The
           Countrie
           doth
           abound
           with
           Lead
           ,
           and
           Brass
           ,
           and
           with
           Minion
           also
           ,
           which
           giveth
           a
           Name
           to
           the
           neighboring
           River
           .
           And
           it
           is
           so
           rich
           in
           Gold
           ,
           that
           oftentimes
           in
           ploughing
           the
           ground
           ,
           they
           do
           turn
           up
           the
           Oar
           of
           Gold
           with
           it
           .
        
         
           On
           the
           bounds
           of
           this
           Nation
           ,
           is
           a
           consecrated
           
           Hill
           ,
           and
           which
           it
           is
           accounted
           a
           great
           sin
           to
           violate
           with
           Iron
           ,
           but
           when
           the
           earth
           is
           cleaved
           with
           thunder
           ▪
           Bolts
           ,
           which
           is
           usual
           in
           those
           places
           ;
           it
           is
           permitted
           to
           any
           to
           collect
           the
           detected
           Oar
           as
           the
           gift
           of
           God.
           
        
         
           The
           women
           do
           exercise
           themselves
           in
           houshold
           affairs
           ,
           and
           in
           manuring
           of
           the
           ground
           ;
           the
           men
           do
           live
           by
           their
           swords
           and
           by
           their
           plunder
           .
           Steel
           with
           them
           is
           a
           principal
           commoditie
           ,
           but
           their
           water
           is
           more
           violent
           then
           Steel
           it self
           ,
           for
           the
           Steel
           being
           extinguished
           in
           it
           ,
           is
           made
           more
           sharp
           &
           hard
           ;
           neither
           do
           they
           approve
           of
           any
           weapon
           which
           is
           not
           dipped
           in
           the
           River
           of
           Bilbo
           ,
           or
           in
           Chalybs
           ,
           from
           whence
           the
           Inhabitants
           who
           live
           neer
           unto
           this
           River
           are
           called
           Chalybes
           ,
           &
           are
           said
           to
           excell
           all
           others
           in
           the
           commoditie
           of
           Steel
           .
           But
           the
           Curetians
           do
           inhabite
           the
           Forrests
           of
           the
           Tertesians
           ,
           in
           which
           it
           is
           reported
           that
           the
           Titanian
           Gyants
           made
           war
           against
           the
           gods
           .
        
         
           The
           most
           antient
           of
           their
           Kings
           was
           Gargoris
           ,
           who
           did
           first
           finde
           out
           the
           use
           of
           hony
           .
           He
           ,
           when
           a
           Nephew
           was
           born
           unto
           him
           by
           the
           incontinence
           of
           his
           own
           Daughter
           ,
           being
           ashamed
           at
           the
           dishonor
           of
           the
           act
           ,
           he
           commanded
           that
           the
           little
           one
           ,
           by
           several
           varieties
           of
           death
           should
           be
           destroyed
           ;
           but
           being
           preserved
           by
           fortune
           ,
           through
           so
           many
           chances
           ,
           he
           at
           the
           last
           ,
           even
           by
           the
           compassion
           
           of
           the
           dangers
           themselves
           ,
           did
           arrive
           unto
           the
           Kingdom
           .
           First
           of
           all
           ,
           when
           he
           commanded
           him
           to
           be
           exposed
           ,
           he
           after
           certain
           daies
           did
           send
           to
           enquire
           after
           his
           Body
           ,
           and
           found
           that
           he
           was
           wonderfully
           preserved
           ,
           and
           nourished
           by
           the
           milk
           of
           several
           wilde
           beasts
           ;
           Being
           brought
           home
           ,
           he
           commanded
           him
           to
           be
           cast
           into
           a
           narrow
           path
           in
           which
           the
           droves
           and
           heads
           of
           Cattel
           were
           accustomed
           to
           pass
           ;
           too
           cruel
           he
           was
           in
           this
           ,
           to
           have
           the
           young
           childe
           rather
           to
           be
           trod
           upon
           by
           the
           mui●tude
           of
           the
           Beasts
           ,
           then
           to
           perish
           by
           a
           single
           death
           ;
           and
           remaining
           untouched
           by
           them
           ,
           and
           not
           wanting
           nourishment
           ,
           he
           commanded
           that
           he
           should
           be
           cast
           to
           fierce
           bandogs
           ,
           impatient
           by
           the
           abstinence
           of
           many
           dayes
           ;
           and
           they
           also
           forbearing
           him
           ,
           he
           not
           long
           afterwards
           commanded
           that
           he
           should
           be
           cast
           unto
           the
           hogs
           ,
           who
           did
           not
           onely
           not
           hurt
           him
           ,
           but
           some
           of
           the
           Sows
           did
           nourish
           him
           ,
           with
           their
           milk
           ;
           whereupon
           at
           the
           last
           ,
           he
           commanded
           that
           he
           should
           be
           cast
           into
           the
           Ocean
           .
           Then
           by
           the
           present
           power
           of
           Providence
           ,
           as
           if
           he
           was
           carryed
           rather
           in
           a
           Ship
           then
           on
           the
           waves
           ,
           by
           a
           gentle
           tide
           he
           was
           brought
           to
           the
           land
           safe
           ,
           betwixt
           the
           raging
           sands
           and
           the
           reciprocating
           Billowes
           :
           And
           not
           long
           after
           there
           did
           appear
           a
           Hinde
           ,
           who
           did
           offer
           her
           strutting
           dugs
           unto
           the
           little
           one
           ,
           who
           by
           his
           daily
           conversation
           with
           his
           nurse
           ,
           became
           of
           a
           wonderful
           swiftness
           
           of
           body
           ,
           and
           a
           long
           time
           wandred
           on
           the
           Mountains
           and
           the
           Valleys
           amongst
           the
           herds
           of
           the
           Dear
           ,
           being
           no
           ways
           inferior
           in
           his
           swiftness
           to
           them
           :
           At
           the
           last
           ,
           he
           was
           taken
           in
           a
           snare
           ,
           and
           given
           as
           a
           great
           present
           to
           the
           King
           ,
           and
           being
           discovered
           to
           be
           his
           Nephew
           by
           the
           similitude
           of
           his
           lineaments
           ,
           and
           by
           the
           marks
           of
           his
           body
           ,
           which
           presently
           after
           his
           birth
           were
           burned
           on
           it
           ;
           in
           the
           admiration
           of
           the
           deliverances
           from
           so
           many
           chances
           and
           dangers
           ,
           he
           was
           ordained
           by
           the
           King
           to
           be
           his
           Successor
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           ;
           his
           name
           was
           called
           Habis
           ,
           and
           no
           sooner
           was
           he
           invested
           in
           the
           Kingdom
           ,
           but
           he
           shewed
           such
           proofs
           of
           nobility
           and
           greatness
           ,
           that
           it
           appeared
           he
           was
           not
           in
           vain
           delivered
           from
           so
           many
           dangers
           by
           the
           Majesty
           of
           God
           ;
           for
           by
           Laws
           he
           did
           unite
           the
           barbarous
           people
           ,
           and
           taught
           them
           how
           to
           yoak
           the
           Oxen
           ,
           and
           to
           plough
           and
           sow
           the
           ground
           ,
           and
           enforced
           them
           to
           feed
           on
           better
           nourishment
           then
           what
           the
           trees
           or
           Plants
           provided
           ,
           belike
           in
           the
           hate
           of
           those
           things
           which
           he
           himself
           had
           endured
           .
           The
           education
           of
           this
           Prince
           would
           seem
           fabulous
           ,
           but
           that
           it
           is
           recorded
           ,
           that
           the
           Builders
           of
           Rome
           were
           nourished
           by
           a
           Woolf
           ,
           and
           that
           a
           Bitch
           did
           give
           suck
           unto
           Cyrus
           King
           of
           Persia
           :
           The
           people
           were
           by
           him
           forbidden
           to
           exercise
           any
           servile
           labour
           ,
           and
           they
           were
           distributed
           by
           him
           into
           seven
           Cities
           .
        
         
         
           Habis
           being
           dead
           ,
           the
           Kingdom
           for
           many
           Generations
           continued
           amongst
           his
           Successors
           .
           But
           in
           another
           part
           of
           Spain
           which
           consisteth
           most
           of
           Ilands
           ,
           the
           Kingdom
           was
           in
           the
           power
           of
           Geryon
           .
           In
           this
           place
           there
           is
           such
           abundance
           of
           grass
           ,
           and
           withall
           so
           pleasant
           ,
           that
           if
           by
           the
           providence
           of
           the
           herdsmen
           the
           Cattel
           were
           not
           enforced
           to
           discontinue
           feeding
           ,
           their
           bodies
           would
           break
           by
           the
           excess
           .
           From
           hence
           the
           Droves
           of
           Geryon
           ,
           in
           those
           times
           accounted
           the
           onely
           wealth
           of
           the
           world
           ,
           were
           of
           that
           fame
           amongst
           the
           Nations
           ,
           that
           by
           the
           greatness
           of
           the
           booty
           ,
           they
           allured
           Hercules
           out
           of
           Asia
           .
           It
           is
           recorded
           in
           Story
           ,
           that
           Geryon
           was
           not
           a
           Gyant
           of
           three
           bodies
           ,
           as
           the
           Fables
           do
           make
           mention
           ,
           but
           that
           there
           were
           three
           brothers
           of
           so
           fast
           a
           concord
           ,
           that
           all
           three
           seemed
           to
           be
           governed
           by
           one
           minde
           ,
           and
           that
           Hercules
           did
           not
           of
           his
           own
           accord
           make
           War
           upon
           them
           ,
           but
           having
           observed
           that
           his
           own
           droves
           of
           Cattle
           were
           forced
           from
           him
           ,
           he
           regained
           of
           them
           what
           he
           had
           lost
           by
           the
           sword
           .
        
         
           After
           the
           Succession
           of
           many
           Kings
           in
           Spain
           ,
           the
           Carthaginians
           first
           of
           all
           possessed
           themselves
           of
           it
           ;
           for
           when
           the
           Inhabitants
           of
           the
           Gades
           being
           obedient
           to
           the
           vision
           ,
           had
           translated
           into
           Spain
           the
           holy
           things
           of
           Hercules
           from
           Tyre
           ,
           from
           which
           place
           the
           Carthaginians
           
           also
           do
           derive
           their
           Original
           ,
           and
           had
           builded
           them
           there
           a
           City
           ,
           the
           neighbouring
           people
           of
           Spain
           envying
           the
           growing
           happiness
           of
           the
           new
           City
           ,
           and
           upon
           that
           account
           provoking
           them
           to
           War
           ,
           the
           Carthaginians
           being
           of
           the
           same
           kindred
           ,
           did
           send
           relief
           unto
           them
           ,
           and
           by
           a
           happy
           Expedition
           they
           both
           vindicated
           the
           Gaditans
           from
           injury
           ,
           and
           added
           the
           greatest
           part
           of
           Spain
           to
           the
           Empire
           of
           their
           command
           :
           And
           afterwards
           being
           incited
           by
           the
           fortune
           of
           their
           first
           Expedition
           ,
           they
           sent
           Amilcar
           their
           General
           ,
           with
           a
           great
           Army
           to
           make
           themselves
           masters
           of
           all
           the
           Province
           ,
           who
           having
           performed
           great
           atchievements
           ,
           whiles
           he
           followed
           his
           fortune
           too
           inconsiderately
           ,
           he
           was
           betrayed
           in
           an
           Ambush
           and
           slain
           .
           Asdrubal
           his
           Son-in-law
           was
           sent
           to
           supply
           his
           plae
           who
           was
           slain
           himself
           by
           the
           servant
           of
           a
           Spaniard
           ,
           in
           the
           revenge
           of
           the
           unjust
           death
           of
           his
           Master
           .
        
         
           Annibal
           the
           Son
           of
           Amilcar
           did
           succeed
           him
           ,
           and
           was
           a
           greater
           General
           then
           them
           both
           ;
           for
           having
           excelled
           them
           in
           his
           atchievements
           ,
           he
           subdued
           all
           Spain
           ,
           and
           having
           afterwards
           made
           war
           on
           the
           Romans
           ,
           he
           afflicted
           Italy
           with
           several
           losses
           and
           overthrows
           for
           the
           space
           of
           16
           years
           .
           The
           Romans
           in
           the
           mean
           time
           having
           sent
           the
           Scipioes
           into
           Spain
           ,
           did
           first
           of
           all
           drive
           the
           Carthaginians
           out
           of
           that
           Province
           ;
           afterwards
           they
           had
           great
           Wars
           
           with
           the
           Spaniards
           themselves
           ,
           neither
           could
           they
           be
           conquered
           to
           an
           absolute
           obedience
           ,
           untill
           
             Augustus
             Caesar
          
           ,
           having
           subdued
           all
           the
           world
           ,
           did
           carry
           thither
           his
           conquering
           swords
           ,
           and
           having
           by
           Laws
           brought
           the
           barbarous
           and
           rude
           people
           into
           a
           more
           civil
           course
           of
           life
           ,
           he
           reduced
           all
           Spain
           into
           the
           form
           of
           a
           Province
           .
        
         
           The
           End
           of
           the
           Books
           of
           JVSTINE
           the
           HISTORIAN
           .
        
      
       
         
         
         
           Collections
           taken
           from
           the
           Books
           of
           
             Sextus
             Aurelius
             Victor
          
           ,
           on
           the
           lives
           and
           manners
           of
           the
           Roman
           Emperors
           ,
           from
           the
           time
           of
           
             Caesar
             Augustus
          
           ,
           to
           the
           Emperor
           Theodosius
           .
        
         
           
             Octavianus
             Augustus
             Caesar
             .
          
           
             IN
             the
             seven
             hundred
             and
             two
             and
             twentyeth
             year
             after
             the
             City
             of
             Rome
             was
             built
             ,
             but
             in
             the
             four
             hundred
             and
             eightieth
             year
             after
             the
             expulsion
             of
             the
             Kings
             ,
             the
             custome
             was
             renewed
             at
             Rome
             to
             obey
             onely
             one
             person
             ,
             not
             entituled
             a
             King
             ,
             but
             an
             Emperor
             ,
             or
             by
             a
             
             more
             reverend
             Name
             
               Augustus
               .
               Octavianus
            
             was
             the
             Son
             of
             Octavius
             a
             Senator
             by
             the
             Mothers
             side
             ;
             he
             derived
             his
             discent
             from
             Aeneas
             by
             the
             Julian
             Family
             ;
             and
             by
             the
             adoption
             of
             
               Caius
               Caesar
            
             his
             great
             Uncle
             ,
             he
             was
             called
             
               Caius
               Caesar
            
             ,
             and
             by
             reason
             of
             his
             victories
             sirnamed
             Augustus
             :
             Being
             established
             in
             the
             Empire
             ,
             he
             exercised
             the
             Tribunitian
             power
             of
             himself
             ;
             He
             reduced
             the
             Country
             of
             Egypt
             ,
             being
             before
             unpassable
             by
             reason
             of
             the
             Marshes
             and
             the
             inundation
             of
             Nilus
             ,
             into
             the
             form
             of
             a
             Province
             ,
             which
             that
             he
             might
             make
             serviceable
             to
             the
             City
             by
             the
             transportation
             of
             Corn
             ,
             he
             caused
             with
             the
             great
             labour
             of
             his
             Souldiers
             ,
             all
             the
             deep
             ditches
             to
             be
             opened
             ,
             which
             the
             negligence
             of
             Antiquity
             had
             covered
             with
             mud
             .
             In
             his
             time
             four
             hundred
             Millions
             of
             measures
             of
             Corn
             were
             brought
             yearly
             out
             of
             Egypt
             unto
             Rome
             .
             To
             the
             number
             of
             the
             Provinces
             of
             the
             people
             of
             Rome
             he
             added
             the
             Cantabrians
             and
             Aquanians
             ,
             the
             
               Rhoetians
               ,
               Vindelicans
               ,
               Vandals
            
             ,
             and
             Dalmatians
             ;
             he
             overthrew
             the
             Swedes
             ,
             and
             the
             Cattans
             ,
             and
             translated
             the
             Sycambrians
             into
             France
             ,
             and
             enforced
             the
             Pannonians
             to
             be
             tributary
             to
             Rome
             ,
             and
             compelled
             the
             people
             of
             the
             Gothes
             and
             Bastarnians
             to
             a
             peace
             ,
             having
             first
             provoked
             them
             to
             feel
             his
             power
             by
             War.
             The
             Persians
             presented
             their
             Hostages
             
             unto
             him
             ,
             and
             granted
             him
             the
             permission
             to
             chuse
             them
             a
             King.
             The
             Indians
             moreover
             and
             the
             Scythians
             ,
             the
             Garamants
             and
             Ethiopians
             did
             send
             their
             Ambassadors
             with
             Presents
             to
             him
             :
             He
             so
             much
             abhorred
             all
             Wars
             ,
             troubles
             ,
             or
             division
             ,
             that
             he
             would
             never
             denounce
             War
             upon
             any
             Nation
             ,
             unless
             for
             great
             and
             just
             causes
             ;
             alledging
             that
             it
             shewed
             a
             vain-glorious
             and
             most
             unconstant
             minde
             ,
             either
             in
             the
             immoderate
             desire
             of
             triumph
             ,
             and
             for
             a
             few
             unfruitful
             leaves
             in
             a
             Laurel
             Garland
             ,
             rashly
             to
             throw
             the
             safety
             of
             the
             Citizens
             into
             the
             danger
             of
             doubtful
             war.
             He
             affirmed
             that
             nothing
             was
             more
             incongruous
             to
             a
             good
             Emperor
             then
             precipitation
             ,
             and
             that
             every
             thing
             is
             done
             soon
             enough
             that
             is
             well
             done
             ;
             and
             that
             Arms
             are
             never
             to
             be
             undertaken
             unless
             for
             some
             necessary
             cause
             ,
             lest
             the
             Victory
             being
             obtained
             by
             a
             great
             loss
             ,
             and
             accompanied
             but
             with
             small
             advantage
             ,
             it
             may
             resemble
             those
             who
             do
             fish
             with
             a
             golden
             hook
             ,
             the
             which
             being
             lost
             or
             broken
             off
             ,
             the
             loss
             cannot
             be
             recompensed
             with
             any
             gain
             of
             fish
             that
             can
             be
             taken
             .
             In
             his
             time
             ,
             the
             Roman
             Army
             that
             was
             beyond
             the
             Rhine
             was
             destroyed
             ,
             and
             the
             Tribunes
             and
             the
             Propraetor
             slain
             ;
             which
             he
             so
             deeply
             resented
             ,
             that
             in
             the
             height
             of
             lamentation
             ,
             he
             would
             beat
             his
             head
             against
             the
             wall
             ,
             and
             did
             put
             on
             mourning
             apparel
             ,
             and
             was
             known
             by
             all
             the
             Liveries
             of
             
             sorrow
             and
             deformity
             ;
             he
             much
             reproved
             the
             practise
             of
             his
             Uncle
             ,
             who
             too
             much
             flattering
             the
             common
             Souldiers
             ,
             and
             calling
             them
             his
             companions
             ,
             whiles
             he
             sought
             to
             become
             dearer
             to
             them
             ,
             he
             lessned
             the
             Authority
             of
             a
             Prince
             ;
             he
             deported
             himself
             with
             great
             clemency
             towards
             the
             Citizens
             ;
             he
             was
             most
             faithful
             to
             his
             friends
             ;
             the
             chiefest
             whereof
             was
             Mecaenas
             ,
             whom
             he
             loved
             for
             his
             secrecy
             ,
             as
             he
             did
             Agrippa
             for
             his
             modesty
             and
             patience
             in
             enduring
             of
             labour
             ;
             he
             also
             loved
             Virgil
             ;
             he
             was
             very
             careful
             whom
             he
             entertained
             into
             his
             friendship
             ;
             but
             having
             once
             acknowledged
             them
             ,
             he
             was
             most
             constant
             to
             preserve
             them
             ;
             he
             applyed
             himself
             much
             to
             the
             study
             of
             the
             liberal
             Arts
             ,
             but
             most
             of
             all
             to
             Eloquence
             ,
             so
             that
             no
             day
             did
             pass
             in
             which
             he
             did
             not
             write
             ,
             read
             and
             declaim
             ;
             he
             made
             some
             new
             Laws
             ,
             and
             others
             he
             corrected
             ,
             and
             inserted
             his
             own
             name
             to
             them
             ;
             he
             encreased
             and
             adorned
             Rome
             with
             many
             Structures
             ,
             glorying
             with
             these
             words
             ,
             
               I
               found
               the
               City
               made
               with
               Brick
               ,
               but
               I
               leave
               it
               made
               of
               Marble
            
             ;
             he
             was
             milde
             ,
             grateful
             ,
             of
             a
             civil
             and
             a
             pleasant
             nature
             ,
             beautiful
             over
             all
             his
             body
             ,
             but
             most
             in
             the
             lustre
             of
             his
             eyes
             ,
             which
             did
             dart
             forth
             their
             beams
             after
             the
             manner
             of
             the
             brightest
             Stars
             ,
             and
             therefore
             he
             gladly
             did
             give
             way
             ,
             that
             those
             who
             looked
             s●ed●as●ly
             upon
             him
             should
             draw
             off
             their
             eyes
             ,
             as
             being
             dazzled
             
             with
             the
             glory
             of
             his
             own
             .
             A
             certain
             Souldier
             having
             turned
             himself
             from
             beholding
             his
             face
             ,
             and
             being
             demanded
             wherefore
             he
             did
             so
             ;
             He
             made
             Answer
             ,
             because
             I
             cannot
             endure
             the
             lightning
             flying
             from
             your
             eyes
             .
             Howsoever
             so
             great
             a
             man
             was
             not
             without
             his
             faults
             ;
             for
             he
             was
             angry
             ,
             but
             not
             immoderately
             ,
             privately
             envious
             ,
             and
             openly
             ambitious
             ,
             and
             beyond
             all
             measure
             desirous
             of
             Soveraignty
             ;
             a
             great
             player
             at
             dice
             ,
             and
             although
             much
             given
             to
             wine
             and
             high
             food
             ,
             he
             did
             sleep
             but
             little
             ;
             he
             was
             inclined
             to
             lust
             ,
             even
             to
             the
             reproach
             of
             common
             Fame
             ;
             for
             he
             was
             accustomed
             to
             lie
             betwixt
             twelve
             prostitute
             Boyes
             ,
             and
             as
             many
             maids
             ;
             being
             divorced
             from
             his
             wife
             Scribonia
             ,
             he
             fell
             in
             love
             with
             Livia
             the
             wife
             of
             another
             man
             ,
             and
             marryed
             her
             ,
             her
             husband
             giving
             way
             unto
             it
             ;
             she
             had
             at
             that
             time
             two
             Sons
             ,
             Tiberius
             and
             
               Drusus
               ;
               Augustus
            
             although
             he
             was
             a
             slave
             unto
             his
             lust
             ,
             yet
             he
             was
             a
             great
             punisher
             of
             it
             in
             others
             ,
             after
             the
             manner
             of
             men
             ,
             who
             are
             severe
             in
             chastising
             those
             crimes
             which
             they
             themselves
             with
             greediness
             commit
             :
             For
             he
             condemned
             Ovid
             to
             banishment
             because
             he
             composed
             three
             Books
             of
             the
             Art
             of
             Love
             ;
             he
             was
             much
             taken
             with
             all
             manner
             of
             spectacles
             ,
             especially
             with
             the
             strange
             shapes
             ,
             and
             the
             numbers
             of
             wilde
             beasts
             ;
             having
             lived
             seventy
             and
             seven
             years
             he
             dyed
             of
             a
             sickness
             at
             Nola
             ,
             although
             
             some
             do
             write
             that
             he
             was
             poysoned
             by
             the
             treachery
             of
             Livia
             ,
             who
             because
             in
             a
             Step-mothers
             hatred
             ,
             she
             had
             caused
             Agrippa
             to
             be
             condemned
             into
             an
             Iland
             ,
             and
             found
             he
             was
             to
             be
             recalled
             ,
             did
             fear
             that
             when
             he
             was
             constituted
             Emperour
             ,
             he
             would
             call
             her
             to
             strict
             account
             for
             it
             ,
             what
             she
             had
             made
             him
             to
             endure
             ;
             but
             howsoever
             it
             was
             ,
             whether
             he
             fell
             by
             the
             treachery
             of
             Livia
             ,
             or
             dyed
             a
             natural
             death
             ,
             the
             Senate
             decreed
             to
             prosecute
             him
             being
             dead
             ,
             with
             many
             and
             new
             honours
             :
             For
             having
             before
             given
             him
             the
             litle
             of
             the
             Father
             of
             his
             Country
             ,
             they
             now
             consecrated
             semples
             unto
             him
             ,
             not
             only
             in
             Rome
             ,
             but
             in
             all
             the
             most
             famous
             Cities
             of
             the
             Empire
             ,
             all
             men
             commonly
             saying
             ,
             
               I
               would
               he
               had
               never
               been
               born
               ,
               or
               had
               never
               dyed
            
             The
             Government
             of
             the
             whole
             World
             in
             the
             hands
             of
             one
             man
             being
             of
             a
             dangerous
             beginning
             ,
             was
             of
             an
             excellent
             ending
             .
             For
             in
             obtaining
             the
             Empire
             ,
             he
             was
             accounted
             an
             Oppressor
             of
             the
             liberty
             ,
             and
             yet
             in
             the
             management
             thereof
             he
             so
             loved
             the
             Citizens
             ,
             that
             but
             three
             dayes
             provision
             of
             Corn
             being
             found
             in
             the
             Granaries
             of
             Rome
             ,
             he
             had
             resolved
             to
             die
             himself
             by
             poyson
             ,
             it
             in
             the
             mean
             time
             the
             Fleet
             laden
             with
             Corn
             had
             not
             returned
             from
             the
             Provinces
             ;
             which
             being
             arrived
             ,
             the
             safety
             of
             his
             Country
             was
             imputed
             to
             his
             Felicity
             ;
             he
             raigned
             
             six
             and
             fifty
             years
             ,
             twelve
             with
             
               Mark
               Anthony
            
             ,
             and
             four
             and
             forty
             alone
             ;
             certainly
             he
             could
             never
             have
             contracted
             to
             himself
             the
             whole
             power
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             ,
             nor
             so
             long
             have
             enjoyed
             it
             ,
             had
             he
             not
             abounded
             with
             most
             excellent
             gifts
             both
             of
             Art
             and
             Nature
             .
          
        
         
           
             Claudius
             Tiberius
             .
          
           
             
               CLaudius
               Tiberius
            
             the
             Son
             of
             Livia
             ,
             and
             Step-son
             to
             
               Augustus
               Caesar
            
             ,
             did
             raign
             four
             and
             twenty
             years
             :
             He
             was
             called
             
               Claudius
               Tiberius
               Nero
            
             ,
             and
             by
             the
             wits
             of
             Rome
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             his
             great
             love
             to
             Wine
             ,
             
               Caldiu
               ,
               Biberius
               Mero
            
             :
             He
             was
             expert
             enough
             in
             all
             the
             Arts
             of
             War
             ,
             and
             fortunate
             withall
             under
             Augustus
             ,
             before
             he
             was
             made
             Emperor
             ,
             so
             that
             the
             Government
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             did
             not
             seem
             unworthily
             to
             be
             committed
             to
             him
             :
             He
             had
             the
             knowledge
             of
             good
             Letters
             ,
             and
             was
             more
             excellent
             in
             his
             elocution
             ,
             then
             candid
             in
             his
             apprehension
             ;
             for
             he
             was
             of
             a
             cruel
             ,
             covetous
             ,
             and
             treacherous
             disposition
             ,
             pretending
             to
             do
             those
             things
             ,
             to
             which
             he
             had
             not
             the
             least
             inclination
             ;
             he
             seemed
             to
             be
             offended
             with
             those
             whose
             counsel
             he
             did
             follow
             ,
             and
             to
             bear
             
             good
             will
             to
             those
             whom
             he
             most
             hated
             ;
             he
             was
             better
             in
             sudden
             Answers
             then
             those
             that
             were
             deliberated
             ;
             he
             fainedly
             refused
             the
             Government
             of
             the
             Empire
             ,
             which
             was
             offered
             him
             by
             the
             Senate
             ,
             and
             found
             out
             thereby
             what
             every
             man
             did
             say
             or
             think
             of
             him
             ,
             which
             was
             the
             occasion
             of
             the
             death
             of
             many
             excellent
             men
             ,
             who
             conceiving
             that
             according
             to
             the
             sence
             of
             his
             long
             Speeches
             he
             did
             decline
             the
             burden
             of
             the
             Empire
             ,
             whiles
             they
             delivered
             their
             opinions
             therein
             ,
             and
             as
             they
             thought
             according
             to
             his
             own
             desires
             ,
             they
             incurred
             the
             greatest
             danger
             ,
             and
             met
             with
             a
             certain
             ruine
             .
             He
             reduced
             the
             Cappadocians
             into
             the
             form
             of
             a
             Province
             ,
             and
             deposed
             their
             King
             Archelaus
             ;
             he
             suppressed
             the
             great
             Robberies
             of
             the
             Getulians
             ,
             and
             finely
             cajoled
             Marabodunus
             King
             of
             the
             Switzers
             ;
             having
             with
             incredible
             fury
             lived
             in
             the
             height
             of
             cruelty
             and
             injustice
             ,
             punishing
             both
             the
             guiltless
             and
             the
             guilty
             ,
             and
             as
             well
             his
             friends
             as
             strangers
             ;
             all
             discipline
             of
             War
             being
             neglected
             ,
             Armenia
             was
             spoyled
             by
             the
             
               Parthians
               ,
               Moesia
            
             by
             the
             
               Dacians
               ,
               Pannonia
            
             by
             the
             Sarmatians
             ,
             and
             France
             by
             the
             neighbouring
             Nations
             ;
             having
             lived
             seventy
             eight
             years
             he
             was
             destroyed
             by
             the
             treachery
             of
             Caligula
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             Caius
             Caesar
             Caligula
             .
          
           
             CAligula
             raigned
             four
             years
             ;
             he
             was
             the
             Son
             of
             Germanicus
             ;
             and
             because
             he
             was
             born
             in
             the
             Army
             ,
             he
             took
             his
             name
             according
             to
             the
             shooe
             the
             Souldiers
             do
             wear
             ,
             which
             the
             Latines
             call
             Caligula
             .
             Before
             he
             was
             made
             Emperor
             ,
             he
             was
             dear
             and
             acceptable
             to
             all
             ,
             but
             after
             he
             was
             invested
             with
             the
             Empire
             ,
             he
             was
             such
             a
             one
             that
             not
             undeservedly
             it
             was
             said
             of
             him
             ,
             
               That
               there
               was
               never
               a
               more
               cruel
               Lord
               then
               himself
               ,
            
             He
             defiled
             his
             three
             sisters
             ,
             and
             did
             wear
             that
             manner
             of
             habit
             in
             which
             his
             gods
             were
             cloathed
             ;
             he
             affirmed
             himself
             to
             be
             Jupiter
             for
             his
             incest
             ,
             and
             amongst
             the
             roaring
             Boyes
             he
             called
             himself
             Bacchus
             .
             I
             know
             not
             well
             whether
             it
             be
             expedient
             to
             commit
             his
             name
             to
             memory
             :
             but
             because
             we
             delight
             to
             know
             all
             things
             concerning
             Princes
             ,
             and
             that
             wicked
             men
             might
             decline
             such
             bad
             Examples
             for
             the
             fear
             of
             infamy
             ,
             I
             have
             inserted
             his
             name
             in
             this
             Catalogue
             ;
             he
             caused
             noble
             Matrons
             to
             be
             prostituted
             in
             his
             Palace
             unto
             publick
             lust
             ,
             and
             was
             the
             first
             ,
             who
             having
             set
             the
             
             Diadem
             on
             his
             head
             ,
             did
             command
             himself
             to
             be
             called
             Lord.
             In
             the
             space
             of
             three
             miles
             in
             the
             Bay
             of
             Puteoli
             ,
             having
             cast
             up
             the
             sand
             ,
             and
             made
             the
             ground
             firm
             and
             passable
             ,
             being
             clothed
             in
             habiliaments
             wrought
             all
             over
             with
             gold
             ,
             and
             having
             on
             his
             head
             a
             Crown
             of
             Brass
             ,
             he
             did
             ride
             as
             triumphant
             in
             a
             Chariot
             drawn
             with
             two
             horses
             richly
             entrapped
             ;
             not
             long
             afterwards
             he
             was
             killed
             by
             his
             own
             Souldiers
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             Claudius
             Tiberius
             .
          
           
             
               CLaudius
               Tiberius
            
             ,
             the
             Son
             of
             Drusus
             ,
             the
             Brother
             of
             Tiberius
             ,
             and
             Uncle
             to
             Caligula
             ,
             did
             Reign
             fourteen
             years
             .
             He
             when
             the
             Senate
             had
             decreed
             ,
             that
             the
             stock
             of
             the
             Caesars
             should
             be
             rooted
             out
             ,
             being
             found
             by
             the
             Souldiers
             where
             he
             laie
             hid
             in
             a
             blinde
             hole
             ,
             because
             he
             seemed
             to
             them
             to
             be
             a
             modest
             and
             a
             tame
             thing
             ,
             they
             having
             no
             knowledge
             at
             all
             of
             him
             ,
             was
             made
             Emperor
             .
             He
             was
             much
             addicted
             unto
             drunkenness
             ,
             glutrony
             ,
             and
             lust
             ,
             cowardly
             ,
             and
             almost
             stupid
             ,
             slothful
             and
             timerous
             ,
             and
             a
             slave
             to
             the
             commands
             of
             his
             servants
             and
             his
             wife
             .
          
           
             In
             his
             time
             
               Scribonianus
               Carmillus
            
             being
             made
             Emperor
             amongst
             the
             Dalmatians
             ,
             was
             immediately
             put
             to
             death
             .
             The
             Moores
             were
             expelled
             from
             their
             Provinces
             ,
             and
             the
             Armie
             of
             the
             Masulamians
             was
             overthrown
             ,
             and
             the
             water
             called
             
               Aqua
               Claudia
            
             was
             brought
             unto
             Rome
             .
          
           
             His
             wife
             Messalina
             ,
             at
             the
             first
             privately
             ,
             and
             afterwards
             openly
             ,
             and
             as
             it
             were
             by
             Authoritie
             ,
             did
             pollute
             her self
             with
             adulteries
             ;
             and
             many
             for
             fear
             abstaining
             to
             join
             with
             her
             ,
             were
             put
             to
             death
             .
          
           
             Afterwards
             being
             inflamed
             with
             a
             more
             
             desperate
             lust
             ,
             she
             commanded
             the
             most
             noble
             of
             the
             Matrons
             and
             the
             Virgins
             to
             go
             along
             with
             her
             and
             to
             do
             as
             she
             did
             ;
             and
             men
             were
             compelled
             to
             be
             present
             ,
             and
             if
             any
             one
             did
             refuse
             ,
             he
             was
             immediately
             accused
             of
             one
             capital
             crime
             or
             other
             ,
             and
             he
             and
             his
             whole
             Family
             were
             condemned
             to
             suffer
             all
             the
             tormen's
             that
             crueltie
             could
             invent
             ,
             insomuch
             that
             she
             seemed
             to
             command
             all
             her self
             ,
             rather
             then
             to
             be
             subject
             to
             the
             Emperor
             her
             husband
             .
             And
             her
             servants
             made
             free
             ,
             being
             preferred
             to
             the
             places
             of
             the
             cheifest
             Authoritie
             ,
             they
             did
             pollute
             all
             things
             with
             their
             whoredoms
             and
             murders
             ,
             and
             banishments
             and
             proscriptions
             ;
             amongst
             whom
             she
             made
             Felix
             Governor
             of
             the
             Legions
             in
             Iudaea
             .
             At
             the
             triumph
             over
             the
             Britains
             ,
             she
             gave
             unto
             Possidius
             the
             Eunuch
             ,
             a
             gallant
             suit
             of
             Arms
             ,
             as
             a
             partaker
             of
             this
             victorie
             amongst
             the
             most
             valiant
             of
             the
             Souldiers
             ;
             in
             the
             mean
             time
             Polybus
             in
             gre●
             state
             did
             walk
             in
             the
             midst
             of
             the
             two
             Consuls
             .
             Narcissus
             the
             Secretarie
             did
             surpass
             them
             all
             ,
             and
             seemed
             to
             be
             his
             masters
             master
             .
             Pallas
             being
             honored
             with
             the
             Robes
             of
             a
             Praetor
             ,
             was
             grown
             so
             rich
             ,
             that
             he
             being
             the
             cause
             of
             the
             great
             Dehaust
             of
             moneys
             in
             the
             Exchequer
             ,
             it
             was
             wittily
             divulged
             in
             the
             Libel
             ,
             that
             the
             Emperor
             might
             have
             supplies
             of
             monie
             enough
             if
             he
             might
             
             be
             received
             by
             his
             two
             slaves
             into
             their
             societie
             .
             In
             this
             time
             a
             Phoenix
             was
             seen
             in
             Egypt
             ,
             which
             bird
             they
             say
             did
             flie
             out
             of
             Arabia
             in
             the
             five
             hundred
             year
             of
             its
             age
             ,
             to
             some
             memorable
             places
             thereabouts
             ;
             An
             Island
             did
             suddenly
             rise
             up
             out
             of
             the
             Aegean
             Sea.
             This
             Claudius
             married
             Agrippina
             the
             daughter
             of
             his
             own
             Brother
             Germanicus
             ,
             who
             procured
             the
             Empire
             for
             her
             Son
             ,
             and
             first
             made
             away
             her
             step-son
             by
             manifold
             treacheries
             ,
             and
             afterwards
             her
             own
             husband
             by
             poyson
             .
             He
             lived
             threescore
             and
             four
             years
             ,
             whose
             Funeral
             (
             as
             sometimes
             the
             Funeral
             of
             
               Tarquinius
               Priscus
            
             )
             was
             a
             long
             time
             concealed
             ;
             whilest
             the
             Guard
             ,
             corrupted
             by
             the
             craft
             and
             largesses
             of
             this
             woman
             ,
             did
             dissemble
             that
             he
             was
             but
             sick
             ;
             Nero
             his
             step-son
             did
             take
             upon
             him
             the
             Government
             of
             the
             Empire
             .
          
        
         
           
             Domitian
             Nero.
             
          
           
             
               DOmitian
               Nero
            
             ,
             the
             Son
             of
             
               Domitian
               Aenobarbus
            
             and
             Agrippina
             ,
             reigned
             sixteen
             years
             .
             He
             for
             the
             space
             of
             five
             years
             seemed
             tolerable
             ,
             whereupon
             some
             have
             delivered
             ,
             that
             the
             Emperor
             Trajan
             was
             accustomed
             to
             say
             ,
             That
             all
             Princes
             do
             differ
             much
             from
             the
             first
             five
             years
             of
             Nero.
             He
             
             builded
             in
             the
             City
             an
             Amphitheatre
             ,
             and
             places
             to
             bathe
             in
             .
             By
             the
             permission
             of
             
               Polemon
               Regulus
            
             ,
             he
             reduced
             Pontus
             into
             the
             form
             of
             a
             Province
             ,
             whereupon
             it
             was
             called
             
               Pontus
               Polemoniacus
            
             ;
             he
             also
             reduced
             the
             
               Cottian
               Alps
               ,
               Cottius
            
             the
             King
             thereof
             being
             dead
             ;
             the
             rest
             of
             his
             life
             he
             did
             lead
             with
             such
             infamie
             and
             dishonor
             ,
             that
             any
             one
             might
             be
             ashamed
             but
             to
             make
             mention
             of
             it
             ;
             for
             he
             made
             such
             a
             progress
             in
             all
             wickedness
             ,
             that
             he
             spared
             not
             either
             his
             own
             or
             any
             others
             modestie
             ,
             and
             at
             the
             last
             being
             cloa●hed
             in
             the
             habite
             of
             Virgins
             when
             they
             are
             to
             be
             married
             ,
             the
             Senate
             openly
             being
             called
             ,
             and
             the
             Dowrie
             named
             ,
             the
             people
             flocked
             round
             about
             as
             to
             a
             wedding
             ;
             and
             being
             covered
             with
             the
             skin
             of
             a
             wilde
             beast
             ,
             he
             shewed
             to
             both
             sexes
             many
             proofs
             of
             abhorred
             lust
             .
             He
             defiled
             his
             own
             mother
             ,
             and
             afterwards
             killed
             her
             ;
             he
             married
             Octavia
             ,
             and
             Sabina
             ,
             surnamed
             Poppea
             ,
             their
             husbands
             being
             slain
             .
             Not
             long
             afterwards
             ,
             Galba
             in
             Spain
             ,
             and
             
               Caius
               Julius
            
             did
             attempt
             to
             dispossess
             him
             of
             the
             Empire
             ;
             when
             he
             understood
             of
             the
             approach
             of
             Galba
             ,
             and
             that
             it
             was
             decreed
             by
             the
             Senate
             ,
             that
             his
             neck
             being
             put
             into
             a
             fork
             ,
             (
             after
             the
             antient
             manner
             )
             he
             should
             be
             whipped
             to
             death
             with
             rods
             ,
             being
             forsaken
             on
             all
             sides
             ,
             he
             did
             steal
             out
             of
             the
             Citie
             
             about
             midnight
             ,
             and
             none
             following
             him
             but
             
               Phaon
               ,
               Epaphroditus
               ,
               Nephitus
            
             ,
             and
             the
             Eunuch
             Sporus
             ,
             whom
             somtimes
             Nero
             had
             assaied
             in
             the
             spite
             of
             nature
             to
             turn
             into
             a
             woman
             ,
             he
             did
             thrust
             himself
             through
             with
             a
             sword
             ,
             the
             impure
             Eunuch
             Sporus
             helping
             his
             trembling
             hand
             ,
             and
             when
             he
             found
             that
             there
             was
             none
             of
             them
             that
             would
             kill
             him
             outright
             ,
             he
             cried
             out
             ;
             Is
             it
             so
             !
             have
             I
             neither
             a
             friend
             left
             me
             ,
             nor
             an
             enemie
             ?
             I
             have
             lived
             wickedly
             ,
             and
             shall
             die
             as
             wretchedly
             .
             He
             died
             in
             the
             two
             and
             thirtieth
             year
             of
             his
             age
             ;
             the
             Persians
             so
             much
             did
             love
             him
             ,
             that
             they
             sent
             Embassadors
             to
             desire
             leave
             that
             they
             might
             be
             permitted
             to
             build
             a
             Monument
             for
             him
             .
             But
             all
             the
             Provinces
             and
             the
             Citie
             of
             Rome
             so
             much
             rejoyced
             at
             his
             death
             ,
             that
             the
             people
             having
             on
             their
             heads
             the
             Caps
             of
             manumission
             ,
             did
             triumph
             as
             if
             they
             had
             been
             delivered
             from
             a
             cruel
             master
             .
          
        
         
           
             Sergius
             Galba
             .
          
           
             GAlba
             derived
             of
             the
             noble
             Family
             of
             the
             Sulpitii
             ,
             Reigned
             seven
             moneths
             ,
             and
             as
             many
             daies
             .
             He
             being
             infamous
             in
             his
             youth
             ,
             was
             intemperate
             in
             his
             diet
             ,
             and
             ordered
             all
             things
             according
             to
             the
             counsel
             of
             his
             three
             friends
             ,
             
               Junius
               ,
               Cornelius
            
             ,
             and
             Caelius
             ,
             
             insomuch
             that
             as
             well
             amongst
             the
             common
             people
             as
             the
             Courtiers
             ,
             they
             were
             called
             his
             School-masters
             .
             Before
             he
             did
             take
             upon
             him
             the
             Government
             of
             the
             Empire
             ,
             he
             ruled
             many
             Provinces
             excellently
             well
             ,
             and
             was
             so
             severe
             unto
             Souldiers
             ,
             that
             as
             soon
             as
             he
             came
             into
             the
             Camp
             ,
             it
             was
             in
             all
             the
             mouths
             of
             the
             Souldiers
             ,
             Souldiers
             stand
             to
             your
             Arms
             ,
             Galba
             is
             here
             ,
             and
             not
             Getulicus
             .
             Being
             seventie
             three
             years
             of
             age
             ,
             whiles
             in
             his
             coislet
             he
             endeavored
             to
             appease
             the
             Legions
             stirred
             up
             by
             the
             sedition
             of
             Otho
             ,
             he
             was
             slain
             at
             the
             Lake
             of
             Curtius
             .
          
        
         
           
             Otho
             Salvius
             .
          
           
             
               SAlvius
               Otho
            
             ,
             derived
             of
             noble
             parentage
             ,
             in
             the
             Citie
             of
             Terentinum
             ,
             Reigned
             four
             moneths
             ;
             he
             was
             dishonest
             in
             all
             his
             life
             ,
             but
             especially
             in
             his
             youth
             .
             Being
             overcome
             by
             Vitellius
             first
             at
             Placontia
             ,
             and
             afterwards
             at
             Bebriacum
             ;
             he
             did
             run
             himself
             through
             with
             his
             own
             sword
             ,
             in
             the
             seven
             and
             thirtieth
             year
             of
             his
             age
             .
             He
             was
             so
             beloved
             by
             his
             own
             Souldiers
             ,
             that
             many
             of
             them
             having
             seen
             his
             dead
             bodie
             ,
             did
             with
             their
             own
             hands
             become
             their
             own
             Executioners
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             Aulus
             Vitellius
             .
          
           
             VItellius
             was
             born
             of
             a
             noble
             Family
             ,
             and
             Reigned
             but
             eight
             moneths
             ,
             his
             father
             was
             
               Lucius
               Vitellius
            
             ,
             who
             was
             the
             third
             time
             Consul
             ;
             he
             was
             cruel
             of
             minde
             ,
             extreamly
             covetous
             ,
             and
             extreamly
             prodigal
             .
             In
             his
             time
             Vespasian
             did
             possess
             himself
             of
             the
             Government
             in
             the
             East
             ,
             by
             whose
             Souldiers
             Vitellius
             being
             overcome
             in
             a
             batta●l
             under
             the
             Walls
             of
             the
             Citie
             of
             Rome
             ,
             and
             plucked
             out
             of
             his
             Palace
             where
             he
             had
             hid
             himself
             ,
             he
             was
             dragged
             about
             the
             Citie
             with
             his
             hands
             bound
             behinde
             him
             ,
             as
             a
             spectacle
             for
             all
             to
             look
             upon
             .
             And
             lest
             the
             impudent
             man
             ,
             in
             the
             consciousness
             of
             the
             evils
             he
             had
             committed
             ,
             should
             for
             shame
             hold
             down
             his
             head
             ,
             a
             sword
             was
             put
             under
             his
             chin
             ;
             and
             being
             half
             naked
             ,
             many
             casting
             dirt
             ,
             and
             others
             more
             filthie
             excrements
             in
             his
             face
             ,
             he
             was
             drawn
             to
             the
             Gemonian
             Ladders
             ,
             where
             he
             caused
             Sabinus
             the
             Brother
             of
             Vespasian
             to
             be
             slain
             ;
             and
             falling
             by
             many
             wounds
             which
             he
             received
             from
             several
             swords
             ,
             he
             there
             died
             himself
             ;
             He
             lived
             seven
             and
             fiftie
             years
             .
             All
             those
             of
             whom
             I
             have
             here
             spoken
             ,
             especially
             those
             of
             the
             Cesarian
             race
             ,
             were
             of
             such
             learning
             and
             eloquence
             ,
             insomuch
             that
             abounding
             
             with
             all
             manner
             of
             vices
             
               (
               Augustus
            
             onely
             excepted
             )
             they
             had
             nothing
             else
             to
             commend
             them
             .
          
        
         
           
             Vespasian
             .
          
           
             VEspasian
             Reigned
             ten
             years
             .
             Amongst
             other
             vertues
             of
             this
             man
             ,
             this
             was
             the
             most
             remarkable
             ,
             that
             he
             would
             forget
             all
             enmities
             ,
             insomuch
             that
             he
             married
             to
             a
             most
             honorable
             man
             ,
             the
             daughter
             of
             Vitellius
             ,
             having
             a
             very
             great
             dowrie
             .
             He
             patiently
             endured
             the
             insurrections
             of
             his
             friends
             ,
             answering
             their
             reproaches
             (
             as
             he
             was
             the
             most
             wittie
             man
             in
             the
             world
             )
             with
             sharp
             and
             innocent
             conceits
             of
             mirth
             .
             He
             so
             prevailed
             upon
             
               Licinius
               Mutianus
            
             ,
             presuming
             too
             much
             upon
             his
             own
             merit
             ,
             because
             by
             his
             assistance
             he
             obtained
             the
             Empire
             ,
             that
             a
             third
             friend
             being
             called
             in
             ,
             and
             familliar
             to
             them
             both
             ,
             he
             did
             pacifie
             him
             with
             these
             few
             words
             ,
             
               You
               know
               me
               to
               be
               a
               man
               ▪
            
             But
             what
             shall
             we
             speak
             of
             friends
             ,
             since
             he
             despised
             also
             the
             tauntings
             of
             the
             Lawyers
             ,
             and
             the
             reproaches
             of
             the
             Philosophers
             .
             In
             a
             short
             time
             he
             refreshed
             the
             world
             ,
             wearied
             and
             exhausted
             with
             war
             ;
             for
             he
             had
             rather
             overcome
             by
             perswasions
             then
             by
             torment
             ,
             or
             to
             put
             to
             death
             the
             ministers
             of
             tyranny
             ,
             
             unless
             it
             were
             those
             who
             had
             been
             found
             to
             be
             too
             bloody
             instruments
             ,
             thinking
             most
             wisely
             ,
             that
             wicked
             deeds
             are
             in
             many
             restrained
             onely
             by
             fear
             .
             Moreover
             ,
             he
             abolished
             many
             vices
             in
             admonishing
             the
             offenders
             by
             most
             just
             Laws
             ,
             and
             which
             is
             more
             effectual
             ,
             by
             the
             Example
             of
             his
             own
             life
             .
             Nevertheless
             there
             are
             some
             who
             do
             accuse
             him
             of
             covetousness
             ,
             when
             it
             is
             manifest
             enough
             that
             through
             the
             want
             of
             money
             and
             the
             re-edification
             of
             so
             many
             ruined
             Cities
             ,
             he
             was
             enforced
             to
             impose
             those
             Taxes
             which
             were
             not
             known
             before
             his
             time
             ,
             nor
             after
             it
             :
             He
             re-edified
             Rome
             wasted
             with
             former
             fires
             ,
             and
             gave
             free
             leave
             to
             any
             to
             build
             the
             houses
             again
             ,
             if
             the
             old
             masters
             of
             them
             were
             not
             to
             be
             found
             ;
             he
             repaired
             the
             Capitol
             ,
             the
             House
             of
             Peace
             ,
             and
             the
             Monuments
             of
             Claudius
             ,
             and
             builded
             many
             new
             Cities
             in
             all
             Lands
             which
             were
             under
             the
             Romane
             jurisdiction
             ;
             the
             Cities
             were
             renewed
             with
             excellent
             Art
             and
             Elegance
             ,
             and
             the
             Avenues
             unto
             them
             fortified
             with
             great
             industry
             .
             The
             Flaminian
             Mountains
             were
             made
             hollow
             and
             cut
             down
             on
             both
             sides
             ,
             and
             a
             way
             made
             to
             pass
             through
             them
             ,
             which
             way
             is
             how
             commonly
             called
             
               The
               Rock
               Pertuse
            
             ;
             he
             new
             formed
             and
             established
             a
             thousand
             Nations
             who
             hardly
             before
             were
             reckoned
             to
             be
             two
             hundred
             ,
             the
             
             greatest
             part
             of
             them
             being
             extinguished
             by
             the
             cruelty
             of
             Tyrants
             .
             Vologese
             King
             of
             the
             Parthians
             was
             through
             fear
             constrained
             to
             seek
             peace
             of
             him
             .
             By
             his
             vertue
             Syria
             ,
             which
             is
             also
             called
             
               Palestine
               ,
               Curaminia
               ,
               Tracheta
            
             ,
             and
             Comagine
             ,
             which
             at
             this
             day
             we
             call
             Augustophratensis
             ,
             were
             reduced
             to
             the
             Roman
             Provinces
             ;
             Judaea
             also
             was
             added
             to
             them
             ;
             his
             friends
             advising
             him
             to
             beware
             of
             
               Mutius
               Pomposianus
            
             who
             aspired
             to
             the
             Empire
             ,
             he
             made
             him
             Consul
             ,
             with
             this
             allusion
             ,
             That
             the
             time
             might
             come
             he
             would
             be
             mindful
             of
             so
             great
             a
             benefit
             ;
             he
             governed
             the
             Empire
             with
             great
             uniformity
             ;
             he
             watched
             much
             in
             the
             night
             ,
             and
             the
             great
             affairs
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             being
             over
             ,
             he
             permitted
             his
             friends
             to
             come
             unto
             him
             ,
             putting
             on
             his
             Princely
             habiliments
             whiles
             he
             was
             saluted
             ;
             The
             first
             thing
             that
             he
             did
             ,
             was
             to
             exercise
             his
             body
             ,
             afterwards
             he
             rested
             ,
             and
             having
             washed
             ,
             he
             fell
             to
             his
             meat
             with
             a
             better
             stomack
             ;
             The
             love
             unto
             this
             good
             Emperor
             hath
             caused
             me
             to
             speak
             so
             much
             of
             him
             ,
             whom
             the
             Romane
             Commonwealth
             for
             the
             space
             of
             56
             years
             after
             the
             death
             of
             Augustus
             ,
             being
             almost
             breathless
             and
             spent
             by
             the
             cruelty
             of
             Tyrants
             ,
             by
             Providence
             enjoyed
             that
             it
             might
             not
             altogether
             fall
             into
             decay
             ;
             he
             lived
             threescore
             and
             ten
             years
             wanting
             but
             one
             ,
             
             and
             dyed
             ;
             with
             his
             most
             serious
             studies
             ,
             he
             always
             mingled
             jests
             with
             which
             he
             was
             much
             delighted
             .
             I
             finde
             that
             a
             blazing
             Star
             appearing
             formidable
             by
             his
             fiery
             train
             ,
             This
             (
             saith
             he
             )
             
               pertains
               to
               the
               King
               of
               the
            
             Parthians
             
               who
               doth
               wear
               a
               long
               bush
               of
               hair
               .
            
             At
             the
             last
             ,
             being
             tormented
             with
             the
             repletion
             of
             the
             belly
             ,
             he
             rising
             from
             his
             bed
             ,
             did
             say
             ,
             
               That
               it
               becomes
               an
               Emperour
               standing
               on
               his
               feet
               to
               depart
               out
               of
               the
               world
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             Titus
             .
          
           
             TItus
             called
             Vespasian
             after
             his
             Fathers
             name
             ,
             born
             of
             Domicilla
             a
             Free-woman
             ,
             raigned
             two
             years
             ,
             two
             moneths
             and
             twenty
             dayes
             .
             He
             from
             a
             childe
             most
             diligently
             applyed
             himself
             to
             the
             excellent
             studies
             of
             Vertue
             and
             Military
             Discipline
             ,
             and
             above
             all
             to
             learning
             ,
             which
             he
             afterwards
             shewed
             by
             the
             gifts
             both
             of
             his
             minde
             and
             body
             ;
             taking
             upon
             him
             the
             Government
             of
             the
             Empire
             ,
             it
             is
             incredible
             how
             much
             he
             excelled
             those
             who
             were
             before
             him
             ,
             especially
             in
             clemency
             ,
             liberality
             ,
             magnificene
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             contempt
             of
             money
             ;
             all
             which
             graces
             were
             so
             much
             the
             more
             esteemed
             in
             him
             ,
             because
             many
             thought
             that
             being
             discended
             of
             a
             private
             man
             ,
             he
             would
             be
             more
             cruel
             
             to
             private
             men
             himself
             ,
             and
             be
             given
             to
             avarice
             and
             to
             riot
             ;
             For
             having
             gotton
             the
             office
             of
             the
             Praetor
             in
             the
             raign
             of
             his
             Father
             ,
             he
             oppressed
             many
             of
             his
             opposites
             ,
             having
             his
             Emissaries
             in
             the
             Theaters
             and
             in
             the
             Army
             who
             did
             cast
             forth
             envious
             and
             railing
             accusations
             against
             them
             ,
             and
             as
             if
             they
             had
             been
             convicted
             of
             the
             crimes
             of
             which
             they
             were
             accused
             ,
             he
             did
             demand
             them
             unto
             punishment
             ,
             amongst
             whom
             he
             commanded
             that
             Cecinna
             a
             Consulary
             man
             ,
             whom
             he
             had
             invited
             to
             supper
             ,
             should
             be
             put
             to
             death
             upon
             suspition
             that
             he
             had
             defiled
             his
             wife
             Berenice
             ,
             and
             all
             men
             took
             very
             grievously
             the
             quarrels
             which
             he
             revenged
             in
             the
             time
             of
             his
             Father
             ,
             alledging
             that
             he
             was
             greedy
             of
             spoyls
             ,
             and
             that
             he
             would
             be
             another
             Nero
             when
             he
             had
             got
             the
             Empire
             into
             his
             hands
             .
             But
             these
             things
             falling
             out
             better
             ,
             did
             procure
             him
             such
             immortal
             Glory
             ,
             that
             he
             was
             called
             
               The
               Delight
               and
               the
               Love
               of
               mankinde
               .
            
             As
             soon
             as
             he
             was
             invested
             with
             the
             Government
             of
             the
             Empire
             ,
             he
             sent
             Berenice
             home
             ,
             and
             commanded
             the
             Companies
             of
             the
             Eunuches
             to
             depart
             ,
             which
             was
             a
             good
             sign
             that
             he
             had
             changed
             his
             intemperate
             life
             ;
             And
             the
             succeeding
             Emperours
             being
             accustomed
             to
             confirm
             the
             Donations
             and
             Grants
             made
             by
             the
             former
             Emperours
             ,
             he
             as
             soon
             as
             he
             took
             upon
             him
             the
             Government
             ,
             in
             the
             first
             place
             ,
             of
             his
             own
             accord
             did
             
             ratifie
             them
             .
             One
             day
             calling
             to
             minde
             in
             the
             Evening
             ,
             that
             he
             had
             performed
             no
             good
             office
             to
             any
             man
             that
             day
             ,
             in
             a
             reverend
             and
             celestial
             Speech
             he
             thus
             expressed
             himself
             ,
             
               O
               my
               friends
               ,
               we
               have
               lost
               a
               day
            
             ;
             of
             such
             a
             magnificent
             liberality
             he
             was
             .
             He
             so
             famous
             made
             his
             Clemency
             ,
             that
             when
             two
             men
             of
             great
             Honour
             had
             conspired
             against
             him
             ,
             and
             could
             not
             deny
             the
             intended
             Treason
             ,
             he
             first
             admonished
             them
             ,
             and
             afterwards
             having
             brought
             them
             into
             the
             publick
             Spectacles
             ,
             he
             did
             place
             them
             on
             each
             side
             of
             himself
             ,
             and
             having
             sent
             for
             a
             sword
             from
             the
             Fencers
             being
             present
             ,
             whose
             exercises
             were
             that
             day
             to
             be
             seen
             ,
             he
             did
             give
             it
             first
             to
             the
             one
             and
             afterwards
             to
             the
             other
             ,
             who
             being
             amazed
             at
             it
             ,
             and
             wondring
             at
             his
             constancy
             ,
             
               See
               you
               not
            
             (
             said
             he
             )
             
               that
               power
               is
               given
               by
               Providence
               ,
               and
               that
               it
               is
               in
               vain
               to
               attempt
               a
               villany
               either
               in
               hope
               to
               commit
               it
               ,
               or
               through
               fear
               to
               be
               disappointed
               of
               it
               ?
            
             He
             also
             with
             tears
             in
             his
             eyes
             did
             oftentimes
             request
             his
             brother
             Domitian
             ,
             who
             sollicited
             the
             Souldiers
             against
             him
             ,
             that
             he
             would
             not
             seek
             to
             obtain
             that
             by
             parricide
             which
             would
             come
             unto
             him
             in
             course
             and
             with
             his
             own
             consent
             ,
             nay
             ,
             which
             he
             had
             already
             ,
             since
             he
             was
             his
             partner
             in
             the
             Empire
             .
             In
             his
             time
             ,
             the
             Mountain
             of
             Vesuvius
             in
             Campania
             did
             begin
             to
             burn
             ,
             and
             there
             was
             a
             great
             fire
             in
             Rome
             which
             burned
             night
             
             and
             day
             for
             three
             dayes
             together
             ;
             there
             was
             also
             one
             of
             the
             greatest
             plagues
             that
             was
             ever
             known
             ,
             with
             which
             calamity
             many
             being
             afflicted
             ,
             with
             his
             own
             money
             he
             provided
             all
             kinde
             of
             remedies
             ,
             and
             in
             his
             own
             person
             would
             visit
             and
             relieve
             the
             sick
             ,
             and
             comfort
             those
             who
             mourned
             for
             the
             death
             of
             their
             friends
             .
             He
             lived
             one
             and
             forty
             years
             ,
             and
             dyed
             of
             a
             feaver
             in
             the
             same
             place
             amongst
             the
             Sabines
             where
             his
             Father
             dyed
             .
             It
             can
             hardly
             be
             believed
             how
             great
             a
             lamentation
             there
             was
             for
             his
             death
             ,
             both
             in
             the
             City
             and
             the
             Provinces
             ,
             who
             calling
             him
             
               Their
               publick
               Delight
            
             ,
             did
             so
             bewaile
             him
             as
             if
             the
             whole
             world
             had
             been
             deprived
             of
             a
             perpetual
             preserver
             .
          
        
         
           
             Domitian
             .
          
           
             DOmitian
             the
             Son
             of
             Domicilla
             a
             free
             woman
             ,
             the
             Brother
             of
             Titus
             ,
             raigned
             fifteen
             years
             ;
             he
             at
             the
             first
             pretended
             clemency
             ,
             and
             seemed
             to
             be
             more
             tolerable
             both
             at
             home
             and
             abroad
             ,
             and
             not
             to
             be
             so
             cowardly
             as
             indeed
             he
             was
             :
             He
             overcame
             the
             C●ttuns
             and
             the
             Germans
             ,
             and
             administred
             the
             Law
             most
             justly
             :
             He
             builded
             many
             houses
             in
             Rome
             ,
             either
             begun
             before
             ,
             or
             also
             anew
             from
             the
             foundation
             :
             He
             restored
             the
             Library
             consumed
             
             with
             the
             fire
             ,
             Copies
             everywhere
             being
             sent
             for
             ,
             but
             especially
             from
             Alexandria
             .
             He
             was
             so
             skilful
             an
             Archer
             ,
             that
             standing
             far
             off
             ,
             he
             would
             shoot
             Arrows
             betwixt
             the
             fingers
             of
             a
             mans
             hand
             stretched
             forth
             :
             Afterwards
             growing
             cruel
             and
             out-ragious
             ,
             he
             exacted
             unjust
             punishments
             by
             the
             murders
             of
             good
             men
             ,
             and
             after
             the
             manners
             of
             Caligula
             he
             commanded
             men
             to
             call
             him
             Lord
             and
             God
             ,
             and
             sending
             off
             his
             Attendants
             ,
             he
             ridiculously
             would
             pursue
             swarms
             of
             flies
             :
             He
             raged
             with
             that
             lust
             ,
             the
             filthy
             exercise
             whereof
             the
             Greeks
             call
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ;
             from
             his
             pursuing
             the
             flies
             it
             came
             to
             pass
             that
             a
             certain
             man
             asking
             who
             was
             in
             the
             Palace
             ,
             Answer
             was
             made
             ,
             
               Not
               so
               much
               as
               a
               flie
            
             ;
             with
             those
             cruelties
             of
             his
             ,
             and
             especially
             with
             the
             injury
             of
             words
             (
             by
             which
             an
             aspersion
             of
             lust
             was
             laid
             upon
             him
             ,
             )
             Anthony
             being
             incensed
             did
             invade
             the
             Empire
             ,
             having
             at
             that
             time
             the
             command
             of
             the
             Upper
             Germany
             ;
             but
             he
             being
             slain
             in
             a
             battel
             by
             
               Normanus
               Appius
               ,
               Domitian
            
             growing
             more
             furious
             against
             all
             kinde
             of
             men
             did
             prosecute
             even
             his
             own
             friends
             with
             the
             utmost
             cruelty
             ;
             Therefore
             many
             in
             fear
             of
             his
             unbounded
             rage
             did
             conspire
             against
             him
             ,
             Parthenius
             the
             Groom
             of
             his
             Chamber
             ,
             and
             Stephanus
             inciting
             them
             ,
             to
             whom
             was
             added
             one
             Clodian
             fearing
             to
             be
             punished
             for
             the
             sums
             of
             money
             he
             had
             intercepted
             ,
             
             Domitia
             also
             the
             wife
             of
             the
             tyrant
             fearing
             to
             be
             tormented
             by
             him
             for
             the
             love
             she
             did
             bear
             to
             Paris
             the
             Stage-Player
             ,
             was
             one
             of
             the
             Conspiracy
             ;
             Domitian
             by
             their
             instigation
             having
             his
             Body
             printed
             full
             of
             wounds
             dyed
             in
             the
             five
             and
             fortieth
             yeer
             of
             his
             life
             .
             The
             Senate
             decreed
             that
             there
             should
             be
             no
             more
             honor
             done
             unto
             him
             at
             his
             funeral
             then
             was
             allowed
             to
             a
             common
             Ruffian
             ,
             and
             that
             his
             name
             should
             be
             razed
             out
             of
             the
             Registers
             of
             Honour
             .
             In
             his
             time
             the
             secular
             Playes
             were
             celebrated
             .
          
        
         
           
             Cocceius
             Nerva
             .
          
           
             HItherto
             such
             as
             were
             born
             in
             Rome
             or
             in
             Italy
             did
             govern
             the
             Empire
             ;
             Strangers
             afterwards
             were
             advanced
             to
             the
             Goverment
             of
             it
             ,
             by
             whose
             vertue
             the
             City
             was
             much
             strengthned
             ;
             For
             ,
             who
             was
             there
             more
             wise
             or
             more
             moderate
             then
             Nerva
             ?
             who
             more
             divine
             then
             Trajan
             ?
             who
             more
             excellent
             then
             
               Adrian
               ?
               Cocceius
               Nerva
            
             was
             born
             in
             the
             Town
             of
             Narnia
             ,
             he
             raigned
             thirteen
             Moneths
             and
             ten
             dayes
             ;
             Having
             taken
             upon
             him
             the
             Empire
             ,
             a
             rumor
             being
             raised
             that
             Domitian
             was
             still
             a
             live
             &
             approaching
             ,
             he
             was
             surprised
             with
             so
             great
             a
             fear
             ,
             that
             his
             countenance
             being
             
             changed
             ,
             and
             his
             voyce
             lost
             ,
             he
             was
             hardly
             able
             to
             stand
             upon
             his
             legs
             ;
             but
             being
             afterwards
             assured
             to
             the
             contrary
             by
             Parthenius
             ,
             he
             returned
             to
             his
             former
             temper
             :
             Being
             joyfully
             received
             by
             the
             whole
             Senate
             ,
             
               Arrius
               Antonius
            
             ,
             a
             Gentlemen
             of
             a
             high
             spirit
             ,
             and
             his
             greatest
             friend
             ,
             wisely
             observing
             the
             estate
             of
             those
             who
             did
             bear
             rule
             before
             him
             ,
             did
             embrace
             him
             saying
             ,
             
               That
               he
               did
               gratulate
               the
               Senate
               ,
               the
               People
               ,
               and
               the
               Provinces
               ,
               but
               he
               could
               not
               gratulate
               him
            
             ;
             It
             having
             been
             better
             for
             him
             alwayes
             to
             suppress
             ill
             Princes
             ,
             then
             taking
             upon
             him
             so
             great
             a
             burthen
             to
             be
             subject
             not
             onely
             to
             the
             troubles
             and
             the
             dangers
             ,
             but
             also
             to
             the
             reports
             of
             all
             as
             wel
             enemies
             as
             friends
             ,
             who
             when
             they
             presume
             that
             they
             have
             deserved
             all
             things
             ,
             if
             they
             cannot
             extort
             any
             thing
             from
             him
             ,
             will
             be
             more
             cruel
             then
             the
             greatest
             Enemies
             :
             He
             forgave
             all
             the
             penalties
             due
             at
             that
             time
             for
             not
             paying
             the
             Tributes
             ;
             he
             relieved
             the
             afflicted
             Cities
             ,
             he
             commanded
             that
             Boyes
             and
             Girles
             born
             of
             poor
             Parents
             should
             be
             brought
             up
             throughout
             all
             the
             Towns
             of
             Italy
             at
             the
             charge
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             :
             He
             (
             that
             he
             might
             not
             be
             terrified
             by
             the
             access
             of
             Malignants
             )
             was
             then
             advertised
             by
             the
             saying
             of
             Mauritius
             a
             grave
             and
             an
             ingenious
             man
             ,
             who
             being
             his
             familiar
             friend
             and
             at
             Supper
             with
             him
             ,
             when
             he
             beheld
             Veientones
             ,
             who
             had
             been
             Consul
             to
             be
             present
             ,
             
             who
             had
             brought
             many
             private
             informations
             to
             Domitian
             against
             him
             :
             mention
             being
             made
             in
             the
             time
             of
             Supper
             of
             Catulus
             ,
             who
             was
             the
             chief
             informer
             ;
             
               What
               would
               he
               have
               done
            
             (
             said
             
               Nerva
               )
               if
               he
               had
               out-lived
            
             Domitian
             ?
             
               Why
               ?
               he
               would
               have
               supped
               with
               us
               too
            
             (
             said
             
               Mauritius
               ;
            
             )
             He
             was
             a
             most
             knowing
             and
             frequent
             reconciler
             of
             all
             differences
             .
             He
             removed
             
               Calphurnius
               Crassus
            
             with
             his
             Wife
             to
             Tarentum
             for
             solliciting
             the
             Souldiers
             with
             great
             promises
             against
             him
             ,
             the
             Senators
             reproving
             him
             for
             his
             too
             much
             lenity
             .
             When
             the
             Murtherers
             of
             Domitian
             were
             demanded
             to
             be
             put
             to
             death
             ,
             he
             was
             so
             much
             amazed
             at
             it
             ,
             that
             he
             could
             not
             forbear
             to
             vomit
             or
             defer
             the
             forced
             burthen
             of
             his
             belly
             ;
             howsoever
             ,
             he
             did
             vehemently
             oppose
             the
             Vote
             of
             the
             Senate
             ,
             saying
             ,
             
               That
               it
               were
               better
               to
               die
               ,
               then
               to
               injure
               the
               power
               of
               the
               Empire
               ,
               and
               to
               betray
               those
               by
               whose
               meanes
               he
               assumed
               the
               Authority
               which
               he
               had
               .
            
             But
             the
             Souldiers
             letting
             alone
             their
             Prince
             ,
             did
             kill
             Petronius
             with
             a
             sword
             ,
             but
             the
             privie
             members
             of
             Parthenius
             were
             first
             cut
             off
             and
             thrown
             in
             his
             face
             :
             Gusperius
             redeemed
             his
             life
             with
             great
             sums
             of
             money
             ,
             and
             grown
             more
             insolent
             ,
             he
             constrained
             Nerva
             to
             give
             thanks
             to
             the
             Souldiers
             before
             the
             people
             because
             they
             had
             destroyed
             the
             worst
             &
             the
             most
             wicked
             of
             all
             men
             :
             He
             adopted
             Trajan
             into
             
             the
             place
             of
             a
             Son
             ,
             with
             whom
             he
             lived
             three
             noneths
             ;
             and
             one
             night
             exclaiming
             against
             ●ne
             Regulus
             with
             a
             very
             loud
             voyce
             ,
             being
             in
             a
             great
             choler
             against
             him
             ,
             he
             fell
             into
             an
             extream
             sweat
             ▪
             and
             dyed
             not
             long
             afterwards
             on
             the
             same
             day
             wherein
             there
             was
             an
             Ecclipse
             of
             the
             Sun.
             
          
        
         
           
             Vlpius
             Trajanus
             .
          
           
             
               VLpius
               Trajanus
            
             born
             in
             the
             City
             of
             Tudertum
             was
             called
             Vlpius
             of
             his
             Grandfather
             ,
             and
             Trajanus
             of
             Trajus
             who
             was
             the
             first
             of
             his
             Fathers
             stock
             ,
             or
             else
             he
             was
             so
             called
             after
             the
             name
             of
             Trajane
             his
             Father
             ;
             he
             raigned
             twenty
             years
             :
             He
             did
             demonstrate
             himself
             to
             be
             so
             brave
             a
             man
             ,
             and
             of
             such
             admirable
             parts
             ,
             that
             the
             great
             wits
             of
             the
             most
             excellent
             Writers
             are
             hardly
             able
             to
             express
             them
             :
             He
             took
             upon
             him
             the
             Empire
             at
             Agrippine
             a
             noble
             Colony
             in
             France
             :
             In
             the
             affairs
             of
             War
             he
             used
             industry
             ;
             in
             the
             affairs
             of
             peace
             ,
             lenity
             ;
             and
             in
             relieving
             the
             distressed
             Cities
             ,
             liberality
             .
             And
             seeing
             there
             are
             too
             things
             which
             are
             expected
             in
             great
             Princes
             ,
             Religion
             at
             home
             ,
             and
             Fortitude
             in
             Arms
             abroad
             ,
             and
             Wisdom
             in
             both
             ;
             he
             was
             indued
             with
             so
             great
             a
             measure
             of
             the
             noblest
             gifts
             ,
             that
             he
             seemed
             to
             enjoy
             a
             transcendent
             temperature
             of
             all
             Vertues
             ;
             onely
             he
             was
             a
             little
             too
             much
             
             addicted
             to
             meat
             and
             wine
             ;
             he
             was
             liberal
             towards
             his
             friends
             ,
             and
             did
             use
             the
             society
             of
             them
             as
             if
             he
             enjoyed
             with
             them
             the
             same
             society
             of
             life
             ;
             He
             builded
             certain
             Baths
             in
             the
             honor
             of
             Sura
             ,
             by
             whose
             means
             he
             attained
             to
             the
             Empire
             .
             It
             would
             appear
             superfluous
             to
             give
             you
             an
             exact
             account
             of
             him
             in
             particulars
             ;
             it
             is
             sufficient
             that
             he
             wss
             absolute
             in
             all
             things
             ;
             He
             was
             patient
             of
             labour
             ,
             studious
             to
             do
             the
             Souldiers
             good
             ,
             and
             all
             good
             men
             ;
             he
             loved
             the
             most
             candid
             wits
             &
             the
             most
             learned
             men
             ,
             although
             he
             himself
             was
             not
             much
             indebted
             unto
             Learning
             ,
             and
             but
             a
             little
             Eloquent
             ;
             He
             was
             a
             great
             lover
             of
             Justice
             ,
             and
             as
             well
             a
             finder
             out
             of
             new
             Rights
             both
             Humane
             and
             Divine
             as
             an
             observer
             of
             the
             Antient
             :
             All
             which
             in
             him
             seemed
             so
             much
             the
             greater
             ,
             because
             the
             splendor
             of
             the
             Romane
             State
             being
             as
             it
             were
             quite
             destroyed
             and
             levelled
             to
             the
             ground
             by
             many
             cruel
             Tyrants
             ,
             he
             was
             thought
             to
             have
             been
             sent
             by
             Providence
             for
             the
             redress
             of
             such
             great
             calamities
             ,
             and
             many
             wonders
             did
             presage
             his
             coming
             to
             the
             Empire
             :
             Amongst
             the
             rest
             a
             Chough
             from
             the
             top
             of
             all
             the
             Capitol
             was
             heard
             to
             speak
             in
             the
             Greek
             tongue
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             which
             is
             by
             Interpretation
             ,
             
               It
               shall
               be
               well
            
             .
             The
             Ashes
             of
             his
             Body
             being
             burned
             ,
             were
             brought
             to
             Rome
             ,
             and
             buryed
             under
             his
             Pillar
             in
             the
             Market-Place
             of
             Trajan
             .
             His
             Image
             (
             as
             those
             who
             
             did
             come
             in
             triumph
             were
             accustomed
             )
             was
             brought
             into
             the
             City
             ,
             the
             Senate
             and
             the
             Army
             going
             before
             it
             .
             In
             his
             time
             ,
             the
             River
             of
             Tyber
             overflowed
             more
             dangerously
             by
             far
             then
             in
             the
             raign
             of
             Nerva
             ,
             and
             covered
             very
             many
             Houses
             ;
             There
             was
             also
             a
             great
             Earthquake
             in
             many
             of
             the
             Provinces
             attended
             with
             a
             devouring
             Pestilence
             ,
             and
             the
             calamities
             of
             consuming
             fires
             ,
             all
             which
             he
             much
             helped
             by
             exquisite
             remedies
             ,
             and
             ordained
             for
             the
             time
             to
             come
             that
             no
             House
             should
             be
             higher
             then
             threescore
             foot
             ,
             because
             of
             the
             vast
             ruines
             and
             expences
             when
             such
             fires
             did
             happen
             ,
             whereupon
             he
             was
             deservedly
             called
             
               A
               Father
               of
               his
               Country
            
             :
             He
             lived
             six
             and
             forty
             years
             .
          
        
         
           
             Aelius
             Adrianus
             .
          
           
             
               AELius
               Adrianus
            
             of
             Italian
             Parentage
             ,
             and
             cousin-germane
             to
             Trajan
             the
             Emperour
             ,
             was
             born
             at
             Adria
             ,
             which
             Town
             standing
             in
             the
             Country
             of
             the
             Piceni
             ,
             did
             give
             a
             name
             to
             the
             Adriatick
             Sea
             ;
             He
             raigned
             twelve
             years
             ;
             he
             was
             so
             intirely
             addicted
             to
             the
             Greek
             Tongue
             ,
             that
             by
             many
             in
             derision
             he
             was
             called
             Graeculus
             :
             He
             augmented
             the
             Attick
             Studies
             and
             manners
             ,
             not
             
             onely
             with
             Poetry
             ,
             but
             with
             the
             faculty
             o
             singing
             ,
             and
             with
             the
             art
             of
             healing
             ,
             and
             with
             Musick
             and
             Geometry
             ;
             He
             was
             an
             excellent
             Painter
             and
             Carver
             ,
             and
             a
             rare
             workman
             in
             Brass
             or
             Marble
             ,
             and
             next
             to
             Polycletus
             or
             Euphranor
             ;
             a
             man
             would
             have
             thought
             that
             he
             had
             been
             onely
             made
             for
             those
             Arts
             ;
             for
             they
             never
             received
             so
             exquisite
             an
             elegancy
             as
             by
             the
             work
             of
             his
             hands
             ;
             He
             had
             a
             memory
             beyond
             belief
             ,
             and
             could
             remember
             all
             places
             ,
             businesses
             ,
             Souldiers
             ,
             and
             call
             them
             all
             by
             their
             own
             names
             ,
             although
             he
             had
             been
             long
             absent
             from
             them
             ;
             He
             travelled
             on
             foot
             over
             all
             the
             Provinces
             ,
             and
             in
             that
             Expedition
             was
             the
             formost
             by
             far
             of
             all
             that
             were
             with
             him
             ;
             in
             the
             way
             he
             restored
             many
             Cities
             ,
             and
             established
             them
             by
             sundry
             Orders
             ;
             For
             after
             the
             discipline
             of
             the
             Legions
             ,
             he
             had
             many
             Bands
             by
             Hundreds
             together
             of
             Smiths
             ,
             Carpenters
             ,
             Engineers
             ,
             and
             all
             manner
             of
             workmen
             either
             for
             the
             building
             the
             walls
             or
             for
             the
             adorning
             them
             .
             In
             all
             causes
             he
             was
             a
             most
             absolute
             Judge
             ,
             being
             born
             as
             it
             were
             to
             be
             an
             Arbitrator
             betwixt
             Vice
             and
             Vertue
             ;
             He
             governed
             his
             affections
             with
             great
             Artifice
             ,
             and
             cunningly
             covered
             his
             insolent
             ,
             envious
             ,
             sullen
             and
             wanton
             disposition
             ;
             In
             the
             ostentation
             of
             himself
             ,
             he
             counterfeited
             chastity
             ,
             clemency
             ,
             and
             attraction
             ,
             and
             closely
             carryed
             his
             Ambition
             with
             which
             he
             wholly
             
             was
             enflamed
             ;
             He
             was
             most
             ingenious
             either
             at
             Questions
             or
             at
             Answers
             ,
             whither
             it
             were
             in
             earnest
             or
             in
             jest
             ;
             he
             would
             
               ex
               tempore
            
             give
             you
             verse
             for
             verse
             ,
             &
             sentence
             for
             sentence
             ,
             insomuch
             that
             you
             would
             think
             he
             used
             premeditation
             in
             whatsoever
             he
             did
             speak
             .
             His
             wife
             Sabina
             being
             used
             by
             him
             more
             like
             a
             slave
             then
             a
             wife
             ,
             was
             compelled
             with
             her
             own
             hands
             to
             be
             her
             own
             Executioner
             ;
             she
             reported
             what
             an
             inhumane
             disposition
             of
             her
             husband
             she
             indured
             ;
             and
             endevoured
             (
             she
             said
             )
             that
             she
             might
             not
             prove
             with
             childe
             by
             him
             to
             the
             ruine
             of
             mankinde
             .
             Being
             overcome
             with
             the
             pain
             of
             a
             dropsie
             which
             a
             long
             time
             he
             patiently
             endured
             ,
             he
             caused
             many
             of
             the
             Senators
             to
             be
             slain
             .
             Divers
             Kings
             having
             sent
             rich
             presents
             to
             him
             to
             purchase
             their
             Peace
             ,
             he
             boasted
             openly
             ,
             
               That
               he
               had
               gained
               more
               by
               ease
               ,
               then
               others
               had
               obtained
               by
               Arms.
            
             He
             established
             the
             Palatine
             and
             publick
             Offices
             ,
             and
             reduced
             them
             and
             the
             Militia
             into
             that
             form
             in
             which
             it
             continues
             unto
             this
             day
             ,
             some
             few
             things
             since
             being
             changed
             by
             Constantine
             ;
             He
             lived
             threescore
             and
             two
             years
             ,
             and
             dyed
             most
             miserably
             ,
             being
             so
             tormented
             in
             all
             the
             members
             of
             his
             body
             ,
             that
             he
             desired
             the
             most
             faithful
             of
             his
             servants
             to
             dispatch
             him
             ,
             but
             was
             kept
             by
             the
             care
             of
             his
             dearest
             friends
             from
             doing
             violence
             on
             himself
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             Antonius
             Pius
             .
          
           
             ANtonius
             called
             Fulvius
             or
             Bonnonius
             ,
             was
             afterwards
             sirnamed
             Pius
             ;
             he
             raigned
             three
             and
             twenty
             years
             ;
             He
             was
             adopted
             by
             Adrian
             being
             his
             Son-in-Law
             ;
             he
             shewed
             so
             much
             goodness
             in
             his
             raign
             ,
             that
             he
             lived
             above
             all
             Example
             ,
             although
             that
             Age
             in
             which
             he
             lived
             did
             compare
             him
             unto
             Numa
             ;
             Without
             making
             any
             war
             at
             all
             ,
             he
             ruled
             the
             World
             three
             and
             twenty
             years
             by
             his
             own
             Authority
             ,
             insomuch
             that
             all
             Kings
             ,
             Nations
             ,
             and
             people
             ,
             did
             stand
             in
             awe
             of
             him
             ,
             and
             loving
             him
             withall
             ,
             they
             rather
             esteemed
             him
             to
             be
             their
             Father
             and
             Patron
             ,
             then
             their
             Lord
             and
             Emperor
             ,
             and
             with
             one
             consent
             they
             all
             desired
             his
             determination
             of
             all
             their
             Controversies
             ,
             looking
             on
             him
             as
             if
             he
             had
             slid
             down
             from
             Heaven
             .
             The
             
               Indians
               ,
               Bactrians
            
             ,
             and
             Hyrcanians
             did
             send
             their
             Ambassadors
             to
             him
             ,
             being
             moved
             with
             the
             justice
             of
             so
             great
             an
             Emperor
             ,
             which
             he
             adorned
             with
             a
             fair
             and
             pleasant
             countenance
             ,
             being
             tall
             in
             stature
             ,
             and
             strong
             of
             limbs
             :
             Before
             he
             did
             go
             out
             of
             his
             chamber
             to
             salute
             any
             man
             ,
             his
             manner
             was
             to
             eat
             a
             morsel
             of
             bread
             ,
             least
             by
             the
             cooling
             of
             the
             blood
             about
             his
             heart
             he
             might
             loose
             his
             
             strength
             ,
             and
             be
             rendred
             unable
             in
             the
             performance
             of
             Publick
             Affairs
             ,
             which
             he
             executed
             with
             incredible
             diligence
             (
             like
             a
             good
             Master
             of
             a
             Family
             )
             without
             any
             appearance
             of
             vain
             glory
             or
             ostentation
             :
             He
             was
             so
             meek
             ,
             that
             when
             the
             Senators
             did
             earnestly
             perswade
             him
             to
             punish
             them
             with
             death
             who
             had
             conspired
             against
             him
             ,
             he
             made
             Answer
             ,
             
               That
               it
               was
               not
               necessary
               too
               strictly
               to
               search
               them
               out
               who
               had
               a
               hand
               in
               it
               ;
               for
               if
               they
               should
               be
               found
               to
               be
               many
               in
               number
               ,
               he
               well
               understood
               how
               much
               hatred
               he
               might
               contract
               unto
               himself
               thereby
               .
            
             Having
             raigned
             three
             and
             twenty
             years
             ,
             he
             dyed
             of
             a
             feaver
             ,
             twelve
             miles
             from
             Rome
             ,
             at
             a
             Town
             of
             his
             own
             called
             Lorium
             .
             Temples
             ,
             Priests
             ,
             and
             infinite
             other
             things
             were
             decreed
             in
             the
             Honour
             of
             him
             .
             His
             meekness
             was
             such
             ,
             that
             when
             on
             a
             time
             the
             people
             of
             Rome
             would
             have
             stoned
             him
             for
             want
             of
             bread
             ,
             he
             did
             chuse
             rather
             to
             satisfie
             them
             by
             giving
             them
             the
             reason
             of
             it
             ,
             then
             to
             revenge
             the
             sedition
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             Marcus
             Antonius
             .
          
           
             
               MArcus
               Antonius
            
             raigned
             eighteen
             years
             ;
             he
             was
             a
             man
             of
             a
             Celestial
             spirit●
             ,
             a
             sincere
             maintainer
             of
             vertue
             ,
             and
             a
             protector
             of
             Rome
             in
             the
             publick
             calamities
             ;
             and
             truly
             ,
             if
             he
             had
             not
             been
             born
             for
             that
             time
             ,
             all
             the
             glory
             of
             the
             Empire
             had
             fallen
             at
             once
             .
             There
             was
             no
             respite
             at
             all
             from
             Wars
             ,
             which
             most
             of
             all
             raged
             in
             the
             East
             through
             
               Illyria
               ,
               Italy
            
             and
             France
             .
             Many
             Cities
             were
             buried
             in
             the
             ruines
             which
             the
             Earthquakes
             made
             ,
             there
             were
             great
             inundations
             of
             waters
             and
             much
             pestilence
             ,
             and
             swarms
             of
             Locusts
             that
             devoured
             the
             grass
             of
             the
             fields
             ,
             insomuch
             that
             there
             was
             almost
             no
             judgement
             by
             which
             men
             can
             be
             said
             or
             thought
             to
             be
             afflicted
             ,
             which
             in
             his
             raign
             did
             not
             exercise
             its
             greatest
             vengeance
             .
             I
             do
             believe
             it
             was
             ordained
             by
             Providence
             ,
             that
             when
             Nature
             produceth
             such
             evils
             as
             are
             unknown
             to
             men
             ,
             the
             counsels
             of
             such
             righteous
             Princes
             should
             be
             present
             to
             asswage
             and
             redress
             the
             calamity
             .
             In
             a
             new
             way
             of
             Benevolence
             he
             made
             
               Antoninus
               Verus
            
             his
             kinsman
             partaker
             with
             him
             in
             the
             Empire
             ,
             who
             afterwards
             in
             the
             eleventh
             year
             of
             his
             
             raign
             ,
             travelling
             betwixt
             Altinum
             and
             Concordia
             ,
             did
             die
             by
             a
             percussion
             of
             blood
             in
             the
             head
             ,
             which
             Disease
             the
             Greeks
             call
             the
             Apoplexy
             ;
             this
             Verus
             was
             of
             a
             sharp
             but
             a
             wanton
             wit
             ,
             a
             great
             lover
             of
             Verses
             ,
             especially
             those
             which
             are
             called
             Tragical
             .
          
        
         
           
             Marcus
             Antoninus
             .
          
           
             AFter
             his
             decease
             
               Marcus
               Antoninus
            
             raigned
             alone
             ,
             being
             from
             his
             Infancy
             a
             man
             of
             a
             quiet
             spirit
             ;
             It
             is
             observable
             ,
             that
             neither
             joy
             nor
             sorrow
             did
             ever
             make
             any
             change
             in
             his
             countenance
             ;
             he
             was
             much
             addicted
             to
             the
             study
             of
             Philosophy
             ,
             and
             was
             exactly
             learned
             in
             the
             Greek
             Tongue
             .
             He
             permitted
             the
             more
             apparent
             of
             the
             Nobility
             to
             Feast
             in
             the
             same
             manner
             ,
             and
             to
             have
             such
             Attendants
             as
             he
             himself
             was
             accustomed
             unto
             .
             When
             his
             treasury
             was
             exhausted
             ,
             and
             money
             was
             wanting
             to
             give
             the
             Souldiers
             their
             promised
             largesses
             ,
             being
             unwilling
             to
             impose
             any
             Taxes
             upon
             the
             Senate
             or
             the
             Provinces
             ,
             he
             in
             the
             open
             Market
             of
             Trajanus
             for
             the
             space
             of
             two
             Moneths
             together
             ,
             did
             set
             to
             sale
             all
             the
             Princely
             Furniture
             ,
             the
             vessels
             of
             Gold
             ,
             and
             Cups
             of
             Chrystal
             and
             of
             Myrrh
             ,
             his
             Wives
             Wardrob
             ,
             and
             
             his
             own
             ,
             in
             which
             were
             many
             Garments
             of
             Silk
             ,
             of
             Gold
             ,
             and
             many
             Ornaments
             of
             Pearls
             and
             Precious
             Stones
             ,
             whereby
             he
             gathered
             together
             a
             great
             mass
             of
             Gold.
             The
             War
             being
             ended
             ,
             and
             the
             Victory
             obtained
             ,
             he
             restored
             the
             money
             again
             to
             so
             many
             of
             the
             Merchants
             as
             would
             return
             their
             bargains
             ,
             and
             troubled
             not
             any
             of
             them
             who
             refused
             to
             part
             with
             that
             which
             they
             had
             bought
             .
             In
             his
             raign
             ,
             Cassius
             endeavouring
             to
             play
             the
             Tyrant
             ,
             was
             put
             to
             death
             ;
             in
             the
             nine
             and
             fiftieth
             year
             of
             his
             age
             he
             dyed
             of
             a
             disease
             at
             Bendobona
             :
             When
             the
             news
             thereof
             was
             brought
             to
             Rome
             ,
             the
             City
             made
             a
             great
             lamentation
             for
             him
             ,
             and
             the
             Senators
             weeping
             ,
             and
             clad
             all
             in
             mourning
             ,
             did
             meet
             in
             the
             Senate
             House
             ,
             and
             what
             was
             hardly
             believed
             of
             Romulus
             ,
             was
             with
             one
             consent
             confidently
             presumed
             of
             
               Marcus
               Antoninus
            
             ,
             that
             he
             was
             received
             into
             Heaven
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             Honour
             of
             him
             they
             erected
             Temples
             ,
             Columns
             ,
             and
             many
             other
             Monuments
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             Commodus
             .
          
           
             
               AVrelius
               Commodus
            
             ,
             the
             Son
             of
             Antoninus
             called
             also
             Antoninus
             ,
             raigned
             thirteen
             years
             :
             At
             his
             first
             inauguration
             it
             was
             suspected
             what
             an
             Emperour
             he
             would
             prove
             ;
             for
             being
             counselled
             by
             his
             Father
             on
             his
             death
             bed
             ,
             not
             to
             suffer
             the
             Barbarians
             to
             grow
             in
             strength
             ,
             He
             made
             Answer
             ,
             
               That
               men
               in
               health
               and
               safety
               might
               perform
               some
               actions
               by
               leasure
               ,
               but
               of
               dead
               men
               nothing
               could
               be
               expected
               .
            
             He
             was
             extreamly
             addicted
             to
             lust
             ,
             avarice
             ,
             and
             cruelty
             ,
             and
             kept
             promise
             with
             none
             ;
             he
             was
             most
             cruel
             to
             those
             whom
             he
             had
             before
             advanced
             unto
             the
             greatest
             honours
             ,
             and
             enriched
             with
             most
             vast
             rewards
             .
             He
             was
             so
             deboyst
             that
             very
             often
             he
             would
             challenge
             the
             Fencers
             at
             their
             own
             weapons
             ,
             and
             play
             with
             them
             openly
             in
             the
             Amphitheater
             .
             Martia
             ,
             a
             woman
             of
             a
             sordid
             birth
             ,
             but
             excelling
             in
             beauty
             and
             in
             light
             and
             wanton
             arts
             ,
             was
             altogether
             the
             mistriss
             of
             his
             heart
             ,
             and
             as
             he
             came
             out
             of
             the
             Bath
             ,
             she
             did
             give
             him
             a
             Cup
             of
             poysoned
             drink
             :
             At
             the
             last
             ,
             in
             the
             two
             and
             thirtieth
             year
             of
             his
             age
             ,
             a
             most
             stout
             and
             strong
             Wrastler
             being
             sent
             unto
             
             him
             ,
             did
             overthrow
             him
             ,
             and
             held
             his
             Chaps
             so
             fast
             together
             ,
             that
             he
             dyed
             .
          
        
         
           
             Helvius
             Pertinax
             .
          
           
             
               HElvius
               Pertinax
            
             raigned
             but
             eight
             and
             fifty
             days
             ,
             and
             against
             his
             will
             too
             ;
             for
             he
             was
             enforced
             to
             be
             Emperor
             ,
             and
             for
             that
             cause
             was
             sirnamed
             Pertinax
             ;
             he
             was
             but
             of
             obscure
             and
             sordid
             Parentage
             ,
             and
             from
             the
             Praetorship
             of
             the
             City
             was
             advanced
             to
             be
             the
             Emperor
             of
             the
             World
             ;
             He
             sell
             by
             the
             wickedness
             of
             Julian
             ;
             having
             received
             many
             wounds
             ,
             in
             the
             threescore
             and
             seventh
             year
             of
             his
             life
             ,
             his
             head
             was
             cut
             off
             and
             carryed
             all
             about
             the
             City
             :
             This
             end
             had
             this
             man
             ,
             the
             example
             of
             humane
             inconstancy
             ,
             who
             having
             known
             all
             fortunes
             ,
             and
             endured
             all
             manner
             of
             labours
             ,
             was
             so
             bandied
             from
             one
             extream
             unto
             another
             ,
             that
             he
             was
             called
             
               The
               Tennis
               Ball
               of
               Fortune
            
             ;
             for
             his
             Father
             was
             at
             first
             but
             a
             slave
             to
             
               Lollius
               Gentianus
            
             ,
             who
             lived
             in
             the
             fenny
             Country
             amongst
             the
             Ligurians
             ,
             and
             he
             himself
             oftentimes
             did
             willingly
             confess
             himself
             to
             be
             a
             Retainer
             to
             him
             ,
             during
             the
             time
             of
             his
             residence
             in
             that
             place
             ;
             He
             was
             a
             School-Master
             of
             the
             Grammer
             ,
             and
             more
             affable
             then
             profitable
             ,
             
             for
             which
             cause
             the
             Grecians
             called
             him
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             .
             An
             injury
             being
             received
             ,
             he
             could
             never
             be
             induced
             to
             revenge
             it
             ;
             He
             loved
             simplicity
             ,
             and
             e●ceeded
             not
             other
             men
             either
             at
             Table
             ,
             Conference
             ,
             or
             in
             Habit
             ;
             being
             dead
             ,
             it
             was
             decreed
             ,
             That
             he
             should
             be
             Deified
             :
             The
             people
             in
             the
             honour
             of
             him
             ,
             with
             repeated
             applauses
             ,
             cryed
             out
             until
             they
             could
             speak
             no
             more
             ,
             Pertinax
             being
             Emperor
             ,
             we
             lived
             in
             safety
             ,
             we
             feared
             no
             Enemy
             .
             A
             righteous
             Father
             he
             was
             ,
             The
             Father
             of
             the
             Senate
             ,
             the
             Father
             of
             all
             good
             men
             .
          
        
         
           
             Didius
             Julianus
             .
          
           
             
               DIdius
               Julianus
            
             being
             born
             in
             Millan
             ,
             raigned
             seven
             Moneths
             ,
             he
             was
             noble
             by
             his
             birth
             ,
             an
             excellent
             Lawyer
             ,
             but
             factious
             ,
             heady
             ,
             and
             ambitious
             of
             Government
             ;
             In
             his
             raign
             
               Niger
               Piscennius
            
             at
             Antioch
             ,
             and
             
               Septimius
               Severus
            
             in
             Pannonia
             were
             both
             created
             Augusti
             :
             By
             this
             
               Severus
               Julianus
            
             was
             led
             into
             the
             secret
             Bathes
             of
             the
             Palace
             ,
             and
             his
             neck
             being
             stretched
             forth
             ,
             after
             the
             manner
             of
             those
             who
             were
             condemned
             ,
             his
             Head
             was
             struck
             off
             ,
             and
             afterwards
             set
             up
             in
             the
             Court
             where
             the
             Causes
             were
             pleaded
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             Septimius
             Severus
             .
          
           
             
               SEptimius
               Severus
            
             raigned
             eighteen
             years
             ,
             he
             put
             to
             death
             that
             monster
             of
             men
             Priscennius
             ,
             and
             afterwards
             Albinus
             ,
             who
             made
             himself
             Caesar
             at
             Lions
             in
             
               France
               .
               Severus
            
             left
             his
             two
             Sons
             Bassianus
             and
             Geta
             to
             be
             his
             Successors
             ;
             He
             made
             a
             wall
             in
             England
             quite
             cross
             the
             Land
             from
             Sea
             to
             Sea
             ,
             containing
             at
             the
             least
             two
             and
             thirty
             thousand
             paces
             in
             length
             ;
             He
             was
             the
             most
             warlike
             of
             all
             the
             Emperors
             that
             were
             before
             him
             ,
             quick
             of
             apprehension
             ,
             persevering
             to
             the
             end
             in
             all
             things
             which
             he
             determined
             ,
             and
             where
             he
             inclined
             to
             favour
             ,
             he
             was
             as
             admirable
             as
             he
             was
             constant
             ,
             diligent
             in
             seeking
             out
             ,
             and
             liberal
             in
             giving
             ;
             he
             was
             equally
             vehement
             both
             towards
             friends
             and
             foes
             ,
             as
             it
             appeared
             by
             his
             inriching
             of
             
               Lateranus
               ,
               Chilo
               ,
               Amilius
               ,
               Bassus
               ,
            
             and
             some
             others
             ,
             as
             also
             in
             those
             great
             and
             memorable
             Houses
             of
             receipt
             which
             are
             called
             the
             Parthians
             and
             the
             Laterans
             ;
             he
             permitted
             no
             man
             in
             his
             Dominions
             to
             sell
             his
             Honours
             ;
             he
             was
             sufficiently
             instructed
             in
             the
             Latine
             Tongue
             ,
             but
             more
             prompt
             &
             eloquent
             in
             the
             Africk
             ,
             being
             born
             at
             Leptis
             ,
             in
             the
             Province
             of
             Africa
             ;
             he
             
             was
             afflicted
             with
             so
             great
             a
             pain
             in
             all
             the
             members
             of
             his
             body
             ,
             but
             especially
             in
             his
             feet
             ,
             that
             being
             not
             able
             to
             endure
             the
             torment
             ,
             he
             called
             for
             poyson
             ,
             which
             being
             denyed
             ,
             he
             with
             great
             greediness
             did
             so
             glut
             himself
             with
             gross
             and
             heavie
             meats
             ,
             that
             being
             not
             able
             to
             digest
             it
             ,
             he
             dyed
             of
             a
             surfeit
             in
             the
             sixtyeth
             year
             of
             his
             Age.
             
          
        
         
           
             Antonius
             Caracalla
             .
          
           
             
               AVrelius
               Antonius
               Bassianus
               Caracalla
            
             ,
             the
             Son
             of
             Severus
             ,
             was
             born
             at
             Lions
             ,
             and
             raigned
             six
             years
             alone
             ;
             he
             was
             called
             Bassianus
             ,
             after
             the
             name
             of
             his
             Mothers
             Grandfather
             :
             Having
             brought
             with
             him
             a
             full
             and
             large
             Garment
             out
             of
             France
             ,
             which
             was
             there
             called
             Caracalla
             ,
             hanging
             down
             unto
             the
             ankle●
             ,
             the
             people
             that
             came
             to
             salute
             him
             ,
             seeing
             him
             arrayed
             in
             that
             Garment
             ,
             did
             call
             him
             Caracalla
             ,
             after
             the
             name
             thereof
             ;
             He
             caused
             his
             brother
             Geta
             to
             be
             slain
             ,
             for
             which
             cause
             vengeance
             followed
             him
             ,
             and
             being
             troubled
             in
             his
             Conscience
             he
             did
             fall
             mad
             ,
             of
             which
             madness
             he
             was
             afterwards
             recovered
             .
             Having
             seen
             the
             body
             of
             Alexander
             King
             of
             the
             Macedons
             ,
             he
             commanded
             that
             his
             followers
             should
             call
             
             him
             Alexander
             the
             Great
             ;
             and
             by
             the
             suggestion
             of
             his
             Flatterers
             ,
             he
             was
             brought
             to
             such
             a
             fond
             conceit
             ,
             that
             he
             would
             walk
             like
             Alexander
             ,
             with
             an
             awful
             and
             threatning
             countenance
             ,
             and
             bend
             his
             head
             to
             the
             left
             shoulder
             ,
             and
             whatsoever
             he
             observed
             in
             the
             countenance
             of
             Alexander
             ,
             he
             would
             imitate
             to
             the
             life
             ,
             and
             did
             perswade
             himself
             that
             he
             had
             the
             same
             lineaments
             ,
             and
             proportions
             :
             He
             was
             much
             addicted
             to
             lust
             ,
             which
             was
             the
             cause
             that
             he
             marryed
             his
             own
             Mother-in-law
             .
             In
             his
             jorney
             to
             Carrae
             ,
             not
             far
             from
             Edessa
             ,
             going
             out
             of
             the
             way
             to
             ease
             his
             body
             ,
             he
             was
             slain
             by
             a
             Souldier
             ,
             who
             followed
             him
             as
             a
             Guard
             to
             his
             person
             ;
             He
             lived
             almost
             thirty
             years
             ,
             his
             body
             afterwards
             was
             brought
             unto
             Rome
             .
          
        
         
           
             Oppilius
             Macrinus
             and
             Diadumenus
             .
          
           
             MAcrinus
             with
             his
             Son
             Diadumenus
             were
             created
             Emperours
             by
             the
             Army
             ,
             and
             raigned
             but
             fourteen
             Moneths
             ,
             and
             were
             killed
             by
             the
             same
             Army
             ,
             because
             Macrinus
             did
             attempt
             to
             contract
             their
             pay
             ,
             and
             suppress
             their
             luxury
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             Aurelius
             Heliogabalus
             .
          
           
             
               AVrelius
               Antonius
               Varius
            
             ,
             who
             was
             also
             called
             Heliogabalus
             ,
             was
             the
             Son
             of
             Caracalla
             by
             his
             cousin-german
             Semea
             ;
             he
             was
             privately
             begotten
             in
             adultery
             ,
             and
             raigned
             two
             years
             and
             eight
             Moneths
             ;
             Bassianus
             Grandfather
             to
             his
             Mother
             Semea
             ,
             was
             the
             Priest
             of
             the
             Sun
             ;
             When
             Heliogabalus
             came
             to
             Rome
             with
             a
             great
             expectation
             both
             of
             the
             Senate
             and
             the
             Souldiery
             ,
             he
             defiled
             himself
             with
             all
             manner
             of
             pollutions
             :
             So
             inordinate
             was
             his
             concupiscence
             ,
             that
             nature
             not
             permitting
             him
             to
             that
             which
             his
             desires
             did
             prompt
             him
             unto
             ,
             turning
             his
             lusts
             into
             himself
             ,
             he
             did
             put
             on
             the
             name
             of
             a
             woman
             ▪
             and
             instead
             of
             Bassianus
             ,
             commanded
             himself
             to
             be
             called
             Bassiana
             ;
             He
             marryed
             himself
             to
             a
             Vestal
             Virgin
             ,
             and
             having
             cut
             off
             his
             privie
             parts
             ,
             he
             consecrated
             himself
             to
             the
             great
             Mother
             Cybele
             ;
             He
             made
             his
             cousin-german
             Marcellus
             ,
             who
             afterwards
             was
             called
             Alexander
             ,
             a
             Caesar
             ;
             and
             he
             himself
             was
             slain
             in
             a
             tumult
             by
             the
             Souldiers
             ;
             His
             body
             was
             drawn
             by
             a
             Souldier
             through
             all
             the
             streets
             of
             Rome
             like
             the
             carkass
             of
             a
             dog
             ,
             in
             a
             military
             Irony
             ,
             calling
             him
             
               The
               Whelp
               of
            
             
             
               a
               ravening
               and
               an
               untamed
               lust
            
             ;
             At
             the
             last
             ▪
             the
             bulk
             of
             his
             body
             being
             so
             great
             that
             it
             would
             not
             enter
             into
             the
             hollow
             seat
             of
             a
             Privie
             ,
             they
             did
             drag
             it
             unto
             Tiber
             ,
             and
             fastning
             a
             great
             weight
             unto
             it
             ,
             that
             it
             might
             not
             rise
             again
             ,
             they
             did
             cast
             it
             into
             the
             River
             .
             He
             lived
             sixteen
             years
             ,
             and
             for
             these
             things
             which
             happened
             to
             him
             ,
             was
             called
             Tiberinus
             and
             Tractisius
             .
          
        
         
           
             Severus
             Alexander
             .
          
           
             
               SEverus
               Alexander
            
             raigned
             thirteen
             years
             ,
             he
             was
             destructive
             to
             the
             good
             of
             the
             Common-wealth
             :
             In
             his
             time
             Taurinus
             was
             made
             Augustus
             ,
             who
             for
             fear
             did
             cast
             himself
             into
             the
             River
             Euphrates
             .
             At
             that
             time
             Mauritius
             did
             take
             upon
             him
             the
             Empire
             ,
             having
             corrupted
             many
             of
             the
             Souldiers
             ;
             but
             when
             Alexander
             did
             observe
             himself
             forsaken
             of
             the
             Souldiers
             ,
             he
             cryed
             out
             upon
             his
             Mother
             ,
             alleaging
             that
             she
             was
             the
             occasion
             of
             his
             death
             ;
             and
             the
             Executioner
             coming
             to
             him
             ,
             he
             covering
             his
             head
             ,
             did
             with
             great
             confidence
             offer
             his
             neck
             unto
             him
             to
             be
             struck
             off
             .
             His
             Mother
             Mammea
             did
             carry
             so
             closs
             a
             hand
             over
             him
             ,
             that
             if
             any
             thing
             at
             Dinner
             or
             at
             Supper
             was
             left
             ,
             
             were
             it
             never
             so
             little
             ,
             it
             was
             reserved
             for
             his
             next
             meale
             .
          
        
         
           
             Julius
             Maximinus
             .
          
           
             
               IVlius
               Maximinus
            
             a
             Souldier
             born
             in
             Thrace
             ,
             governed
             three
             years
             ,
             who
             while
             he
             prosecuted
             the
             rich
             men
             ,
             as
             well
             innocent
             as
             guilty
             ,
             was
             torn
             in
             pieces
             at
             Aquileia
             ,
             and
             his
             Son
             with
             him
             by
             the
             sedition
             of
             the
             Souldiers
             ,
             the
             Souldiers
             in
             derision
             crying
             out
             ,
             
               Of
               a
               bad
               Sire
               they
               must
               not
               keep
               a
               whelp
               .
            
             Under
             his
             Government
             ,
             Gordianus
             the
             Father
             ,
             and
             Gordianus
             the
             Son
             ,
             one
             after
             another
             did
             take
             upon
             them
             the
             Government
             ,
             and
             one
             of
             them
             after
             another
             came
             to
             confusion
             .
             In
             the
             like
             manner
             ,
             Pupianus
             and
             Balbinus
             affecting
             the
             Principality
             ,
             were
             both
             put
             to
             death
             .
          
        
         
           
             Gordianus
             .
          
           
             GOrdianus
             ,
             the
             Grandchild
             of
             Gordianus
             by
             his
             Mother
             ,
             was
             born
             at
             Rome
             ;
             he
             was
             the
             Son
             of
             a
             noble
             Father
             ,
             and
             ruled
             six
             years
             ;
             he
             was
             slain
             at
             Ctesiphon
             by
             Philip
             a
             
             Praetorian
             Commander
             ,
             the
             Souldiers
             being
             stirred
             up
             into
             sedition
             ;
             this
             was
             done
             in
             the
             twentyeth
             year
             of
             his
             life
             :
             His
             body
             being
             interred
             in
             the
             Confines
             of
             the
             Roman
             and
             Persian
             Empire
             ,
             did
             afterwards
             give
             a
             name
             unto
             the
             place
             which
             was
             called
             
               The
               Sepulcher
               of
               Gordian
            
             .
          
        
         
           
             Philip.
             
          
           
             
               MArcus
               Julius
               Philippus
            
             ruled
             five
             years
             ;
             he
             was
             slain
             by
             the
             Souldiers
             at
             Verona
             ,
             his
             head
             being
             cleaved
             a
             sunder
             in
             the
             middle
             a
             little
             above
             the
             upper
             row
             of
             his
             teeth
             ;
             his
             Son
             
               Gallus
               Julius
               Saturninus
            
             being
             about
             twelve
             years
             of
             age
             was
             slain
             at
             Rome
             ,
             being
             of
             so
             melancholy
             a
             disposition
             ,
             that
             after
             he
             was
             five
             years
             of
             age
             ,
             he
             could
             by
             no
             sport
             or
             invention
             be
             moved
             to
             laughter
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             secular
             Games
             seeing
             his
             Father
             to
             laugh
             profusely
             ,
             although
             he
             was
             but
             a
             childe
             (
             in
             dislike
             of
             it
             )
             he
             turned
             his
             face
             from
             him
             .
             This
             Philip
             was
             born
             but
             of
             mean
             Parentage
             ,
             his
             Father
             being
             a
             Captain
             or
             Leader
             of
             Robbers
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             Decius
             .
          
           
             DEcius
             born
             in
             
               Pannonia
               Bubalia
            
             ,
             raigned
             thirty
             Moneths
             ,
             and
             made
             his
             Son
             a
             Caesar
             ;
             he
             was
             a
             man
             well
             learned
             in
             all
             the
             Arts
             ,
             addicted
             entirely
             unto
             vertue
             ,
             pleasant
             and
             familiar
             at
             home
             ,
             and
             a
             brave
             man
             at
             Arms.
             In
             a
             great
             tumult
             he
             was
             drowned
             amongst
             many
             others
             ,
             in
             a
             place
             so
             full
             of
             Bogs
             and
             Fens
             that
             his
             body
             could
             never
             afterwards
             be
             found
             ;
             His
             Son
             also
             was
             slain
             in
             War
             ;
             He
             lived
             fifty
             years
             ;
             In
             his
             time
             
               Valens
               Lucinianus
            
             was
             made
             Emperour
             .
          
        
         
           
             Virius
             Gallus
             .
          
           
             
               VIrius
               Gallus
            
             with
             his
             Son
             Volusio
             ,
             raigned
             two
             years
             ;
             In
             their
             time
             the
             Senate
             created
             
               Hostilianus
               Perpenna
            
             Emperor
             ,
             who
             not
             long
             afterwards
             dyed
             of
             the
             Pestilence
             .
             In
             their
             time
             also
             Aemilianus
             was
             created
             Emperour
             in
             Maesia
             ,
             against
             whom
             both
             the
             Father
             and
             the
             Son
             marched
             with
             an
             Army
             ,
             and
             were
             slain
             by
             their
             own
             
             Souldiers
             at
             Interamnis
             ,
             the
             Father
             being
             seven
             and
             forty
             years
             of
             Age
             ;
             they
             were
             created
             Emperors
             in
             the
             Iland
             of
             Meningis
             ,
             now
             called
             
               Girba
               .
               Aemilian
            
             in
             the
             fourth
             year
             of
             his
             Government
             was
             slain
             at
             Spoletum
             ,
             or
             Pontes
             which
             by
             reason
             of
             his
             death
             was
             afterwards
             called
             Sanguinarius
             ,
             being
             a
             place
             in
             equal
             distance
             betwixt
             
               Ociculum
               ,
               Narnia
            
             ,
             and
             the
             City
             of
             Rome
             ;
             He
             was
             by
             his
             birth
             a
             Moor
             ,
             a
             man
             of
             a
             daring
             spirit
             ,
             but
             not
             too
             rash
             ;
             he
             lived
             seven
             and
             forty
             years
             .
          
        
         
           
             Licinius
             Valerianus
             .
          
           
             
               LIcinius
               Valerianus
            
             sirnamed
             Colobius
             ,
             raigned
             15
             years
             ;
             he
             was
             descended
             of
             noble
             Parentage
             ,
             but
             of
             a
             slow
             and
             stupid
             disposition
             ,
             and
             not
             fit
             for
             any
             publick
             place
             either
             in
             Counsel
             or
             of
             action
             ;
             He
             made
             his
             Son
             
               Galienus
               ,
               Augustus
            
             ,
             and
             his
             Grandson
             
               Cornelius
               Valerianus
            
             ,
             a
             Caesar
             :
             In
             their
             times
             ,
             Religianus
             in
             
               Moesia
               ,
               Cassius
               Labienus
               Posthumus
            
             in
             France
             ,
             (
             the
             Son
             of
             Galienus
             being
             slain
             )
             were
             made
             Emperors
             :
             In
             the
             same
             manner
             Aelianus
             at
             
               Mentz
               ,
               Aemilianus
            
             in
             
               Egypt
               ,
               Valerius
            
             in
             Macedonia
             ,
             and
             Aurelius
             at
             Millain
             ,
             assumed
             the
             Imperial
             Title
             ;
             But
             
             Valerianus
             making
             war
             in
             Mesopotamia
             ,
             he
             was
             overcome
             by
             Sapores
             King
             of
             the
             Persians
             ,
             and
             not
             long
             afterwards
             being
             taken
             ,
             grew
             old
             amongst
             the
             Parthians
             ,
             in
             an
             ignoble
             servitude
             ;
             for
             as
             long
             as
             he
             lived
             ,
             the
             King
             did
             set
             his
             foot
             upon
             his
             neck
             when
             he
             mounted
             on
             horsback
             .
          
        
         
           
             Galienus
             .
          
           
             GAlienus
             in
             the
             place
             of
             his
             Son
             Cornelius
             ,
             did
             substitute
             his
             other
             Son
             Salonianus
             ;
             he
             was
             addicted
             to
             the
             uncertain
             love
             of
             Concubines
             ,
             Salonina
             and
             Pipa
             ;
             but
             he
             coloured
             his
             love
             to
             Salonina
             with
             the
             pretence
             of
             marriage
             ;
             and
             her
             Father
             the
             King
             of
             the
             Marcomans
             did
             grant
             him
             thereupon
             by
             covenant
             ,
             one
             part
             of
             the
             upper
             Pannonia
             ;
             At
             the
             last
             ,
             he
             marched
             against
             Aureolus
             ,
             whom
             he
             besiged
             at
             Pontus
             ,
             and
             obtained
             it
             ,
             which
             place
             afterwards
             was
             for
             that
             cause
             called
             Aureolus
             ;
             he
             also
             besieged
             Millain
             ,
             but
             by
             the
             contrivement
             of
             Aureolus
             ,
             he
             was
             slain
             by
             his
             own
             Souldiers
             ,
             after
             he
             had
             raigned
             fifteen
             years
             ,
             seven
             with
             his
             Father
             ,
             and
             eight
             by
             himself
             ;
             he
             lived
             fifty
             years
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             Claudius
             .
          
           
             CLaudius
             raigned
             two
             years
             ,
             some
             are
             of
             opinion
             that
             he
             was
             the
             Son
             of
             Gordianus
             ;
             others
             say
             of
             the
             woman
             Licensa
             ,
             by
             whom
             he
             was
             taught
             how
             to
             deport
             himself
             towards
             a
             wife
             ;
             he
             was
             appointed
             Emperor
             by
             the
             last
             Will
             and
             Testament
             of
             Galienus
             ,
             who
             sent
             unto
             him
             to
             Ticinum
             the
             Imperial
             Robes
             by
             
               Gallonins
               Basilius
               .
               Aureolus
            
             being
             slain
             by
             his
             own
             Souldiers
             ,
             he
             received
             the
             Government
             of
             those
             Countryes
             ,
             and
             fighting
             against
             the
             Almains
             ,
             not
             far
             from
             the
             Lake
             of
             Benacum
             he
             cut
             in
             pieces
             such
             a
             multitude
             of
             them
             ,
             that
             of
             their
             infinite
             numbers
             scarce
             a
             half
             part
             remained
             ;
             In
             those
             daies
             Victorius
             was
             made
             Emperor
             ;
             And
             when
             Claudius
             understood
             by
             the
             Book
             of
             the
             Destinies
             ,
             which
             he
             commanded
             to
             be
             looked
             into
             ,
             that
             a
             principal
             man
             of
             the
             Senate
             must
             die
             ,
             
               Pomponius
               Bassus
            
             who
             was
             then
             present
             ,
             did
             offer
             himself
             to
             be
             a
             sacrifice
             for
             the
             publick
             :
             but
             he
             not
             suffering
             the
             Oracles
             to
             be
             frustrated
             ,
             did
             give
             his
             own
             life
             a
             free
             gift
             to
             the
             Common-wealth
             ,
             having
             first
             expressed
             himself
             ,
             that
             no
             man
             of
             that
             order
             could
             be
             intepreted
             to
             be
             the
             principal
             man
             ,
             but
             the
             Emperor
             
             onely
             .
             This
             was
             so
             acceptable
             to
             every
             one
             ,
             that
             he
             was
             not
             onely
             honoured
             with
             the
             Title
             of
             a
             Saint
             ,
             but
             they
             also
             made
             him
             a
             Statue
             of
             Gold
             ,
             and
             did
             place
             it
             neer
             unto
             the
             Image
             of
             Jupiter
             ,
             and
             the
             Nobles
             also
             in
             the
             Court
             in
             the
             remembrance
             of
             his
             piety
             ,
             did
             consecrate
             unto
             him
             a
             Golden
             Image
             .
          
        
         
           
             Quintilius
             .
          
           
             HIs
             brother
             Quintilius
             did
             succeed
             him
             ,
             who
             ruling
             but
             a
             few
             dayes
             ,
             was
             slain
             .
          
        
         
           
             Aurelian
             .
          
           
             AVrelian
             born
             but
             of
             mean
             Parentage
             ,
             for
             as
             some
             affirm
             ,
             his
             Father
             was
             but
             a
             Farmer
             in
             the
             Country
             betwixt
             Dacia
             and
             Macedonia
             under
             Aurelian
             the
             most
             famous
             Senator
             ;
             he
             ruled
             five
             years
             ,
             &
             was
             not
             unlike
             either
             to
             Alexander
             the
             great
             ,
             or
             to
             Caesar
             the
             Dictator
             ;
             for
             he
             upheld
             the
             City
             of
             Rome
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             space
             of
             three
             years
             delivered
             the
             Empire
             from
             all
             her
             Enemies
             ,
             
             whereas
             Alexander
             was
             thirteen
             year
             making
             a
             way
             by
             his
             Victories
             into
             India
             ,
             and
             Caesar
             was
             ten
             years
             in
             subduing
             France
             ,
             and
             four
             years
             afterwards
             in
             a
             war
             with
             Pompey
             ,
             and
             the
             Citizens
             of
             
               Rome
               .
               Aurelian
            
             in
             three
             great
             Battels
             was
             a
             Conqueror
             in
             Italy
             ,
             at
             Placentia
             near
             unto
             the
             Ryne
             of
             Meutaurus
             ,
             at
             the
             Temple
             of
             Fortune
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             Fields
             of
             Ticini
             .
             In
             his
             time
             Septimius
             was
             proclaimed
             Emperor
             amongst
             the
             Dalmatians
             ,
             but
             he
             was
             presently
             beheaded
             by
             his
             own
             Souldiers
             .
             In
             his
             time
             the
             Minters
             of
             money
             rebelled
             ,
             whom
             he
             suppressed
             ,
             using
             against
             them
             the
             utmost
             cruelty
             ;
             He
             was
             the
             first
             man
             amongst
             the
             Romans
             who
             did
             wear
             a
             Diadem
             upon
             his
             Head
             ;
             and
             arrayed
             himself
             in
             cloth
             of
             Gold
             made
             fast
             with
             Pearls
             and
             precious
             Stones
             ,
             which
             before
             his
             time
             the
             Romans
             were
             not
             acquainted
             withall
             ;
             He
             encompassed
             the
             City
             with
             stronger
             and
             larger
             walls
             then
             before
             ,
             and
             made
             orders
             ,
             that
             the
             people
             should
             eat
             Swins
             flesh
             ;
             He
             advanced
             Tetricius
             ,
             and
             made
             him
             Corrector
             of
             Lucania
             ,
             having
             been
             before
             proclaimed
             Emperor
             by
             the
             Souldiers
             in
             Gallia
             ,
             elegantly
             upbraiding
             him
             ,
             that
             it
             was
             more
             majestical
             to
             rule
             some
             part
             of
             Italy
             ,
             then
             to
             raign
             beyond
             the
             Alpes
             .
             At
             the
             last
             ,
             by
             the
             treachery
             of
             his
             servant
             ,
             who
             shewed
             unto
             some
             Commanders
             
             (
             the
             friends
             of
             Aurelian
             )
             their
             own
             names
             in
             a
             Book
             ,
             as
             if
             Aurelian
             himself
             had
             set
             them
             down
             and
             designed
             them
             to
             destruction
             ,
             ●e
             was
             slain
             himself
             by
             them
             in
             the
             midst
             of
             the
             way
             betwixt
             Constantinople
             and
             Heraclea
             :
             He
             was
             a
             fierce
             ,
             cruel
             ,
             and
             a
             bloody
             man
             all
             his
             time
             ,
             and
             the
             Murtherer
             of
             his
             own
             sisters
             Son.
             After
             his
             death
             there
             was
             no
             Emperor
             for
             the
             space
             of
             seven
             Moneths
             .
          
        
         
           
             Tacitus
             .
          
           
             TAcitus
             was
             the
             next
             who
             did
             take
             upon
             him
             the
             Empire
             ,
             a
             man
             of
             an
             excellent
             temper
             ,
             who
             in
             the
             two
             hundreth
             day
             of
             his
             raign
             dyed
             at
             Tarsus
             of
             a
             Feaver
             .
          
        
         
           
             Florianus
             .
          
           
             FLorianus
             succeeded
             him
             ,
             but
             when
             the
             greatest
             part
             of
             that
             Cavalry
             had
             chosen
             Probus
             ,
             a
             man
             well
             experienced
             in
             the
             affairs
             of
             war
             ,
             Florianus
             having
             as
             it
             were
             in
             sport
             but
             personated
             an
             Emperor
             for
             threescore
             dayes
             ,
             did
             with
             a
             Lance
             open
             his
             
             own
             veins
             ,
             out
             of
             which
             his
             blood
             issued
             so
             abundantly
             ,
             that
             he
             dyed
             .
          
        
         
           
             Probus
             .
          
           
             PRobus
             a
             Dalmatian
             was
             begotten
             by
             a
             Father
             who
             was
             an
             husbandman
             ,
             and
             a
             Gardner
             ;
             He
             ruled
             six
             years
             ,
             and
             overcame
             Saturninus
             in
             the
             East
             ,
             and
             afterwards
             Proculus
             and
             Bonosus
             who
             were
             made
             Emperors
             at
             Agrippina
             ;
             He
             permitted
             the
             Gauls
             and
             the
             Pannonians
             to
             have
             Vines
             ,
             and
             by
             his
             Souldiers
             hands
             ,
             he
             planted
             the
             Hill
             of
             Alma
             at
             Syrmius
             and
             Aureus
             in
             upper
             Moesia
             with
             Vines
             ;
             He
             was
             afterwards
             killed
             at
             Syrmius
             in
             a
             Tower
             inclosed
             with
             Iron
             .
          
        
         
           
             Carus
             .
          
           
             CArus
             was
             born
             in
             Narbona
             ,
             and
             raigned
             two
             years
             ,
             he
             immediately
             created
             Carinus
             and
             
               Numerianus
               ,
               Caesars
            
             ,
             and
             by
             a
             thunderbolt
             was
             slain
             at
             Ctesiphon
             .
             His
             Son
             Numerianus
             being
             afflicted
             with
             a
             pain
             in
             his
             eyes
             ,
             and
             carryed
             up
             and
             down
             in
             a
             little
             Litter
             ,
             was
             slain
             by
             treachery
             ,
             at
             the
             Instigation
             of
             Aper
             who
             was
             his
             Father-in-law
             ;
             
             And
             when
             by
             contrivement
             ,
             his
             death
             was
             cunningly
             concealed
             until
             Aper
             had
             got
             strength
             enough
             to
             invade
             the
             Empire
             ,
             the
             Treason
             was
             discovered
             by
             the
             most
             noy
             some
             smell
             of
             the
             dead
             Corps
             .
             Sabinus
             afterwards
             invading
             the
             Empire
             ,
             was
             slain
             by
             Carinus
             in
             the
             fields
             of
             Verona
             :
             This
             Carinus
             did
             pollute
             himself
             with
             all
             manner
             of
             iniquities
             ,
             he
             did
             put
             to
             death
             many
             innocent
             persons
             by
             pretended
             accusations
             ;
             he
             defiled
             the
             the
             Marriage
             beds
             of
             many
             honourable
             Personages
             ,
             ;
             At
             the
             last
             ,
             he
             was
             slain
             by
             the
             hand
             of
             that
             Tribune
             whose
             wife
             he
             was
             said
             to
             have
             defiled
             .
          
        
         
           
             Dioclesian
             .
          
           
             DIoclesian
             a
             Dalmatian
             ,
             the
             servant
             heretofore
             of
             Amelinus
             the
             Senator
             ;
             his
             Mothers
             name
             ,
             and
             the
             name
             of
             the
             Town
             where
             he
             was
             born
             was
             called
             Dioclea
             ,
             by
             reason
             whereof
             until
             he
             was
             made
             Emperour
             ,
             he
             was
             called
             Dioclea
             ,
             and
             having
             taken
             upon
             him
             the
             Government
             of
             the
             World
             ,
             he
             changed
             his
             Grecian
             name
             into
             a
             Roman
             ;
             he
             raigned
             five
             and
             twenty
             years
             ;
             He
             made
             
               Maximianus
               Augustus
            
             ,
             and
             created
             
               Constantine
               ,
               Galerius
            
             ,
             and
             Armamentarius
             ,
             
             Caesars
             ;
             He
             gave
             Theodora
             the
             Step-daughter
             of
             
               Herculius
               Maximianus
            
             to
             wife
             to
             Constantinus
             ,
             having
             caused
             him
             to
             put
             away
             his
             former
             wife
             .
             In
             his
             time
             Cerausio
             was
             made
             Emperor
             in
             
               France
               ,
               Achilleus
            
             in
             Egypt
             ;
             and
             Julian
             in
             Italy
             ;
             but
             they
             all
             fell
             by
             several
             deaths
             ;
             Amongst
             whom
             Julianus
             having
             a
             dagger
             thrust
             through
             his
             ribbs
             into
             his
             Bowels
             ,
             did
             throw
             himself
             into
             the
             fire
             :
             But
             Dioclesian
             of
             his
             own
             accord
             gave
             up
             the
             Empire
             in
             Nicomedia
             ,
             and
             spent
             his
             old
             Age
             privately
             in
             his
             own
             possessions
             ,
             and
             being
             afterwards
             desired
             by
             Herculius
             and
             Galerius
             to
             take
             upon
             him
             the
             Government
             of
             the
             Empire
             again
             ,
             like
             a
             man
             flying
             from
             some
             great
             and
             dangerous
             evil
             ,
             he
             made
             Answer
             ,
             
               I
               would
               you
               could
               go
               to
            
             Salon
             
               to
               see
               the
               Plants
               which
               I
               have
               there
               planted
               with
               my
               own
               hands
               ,
               you
               would
               then
               cer
               ainly
               judge
               that
               I
               am
               not
               to
               be
               tempted
               to
               so
               great
               a
               trouble
               :
            
             He
             lived
             threescore
             and
             eight
             years
             ,
             the
             last
             nine
             years
             whereof
             he
             lived
             as
             a
             private
             man
             ;
             He
             dyed
             (
             as
             it
             is
             apparent
             )
             by
             a
             voluntary
             fea●
             ;
             for
             being
             invited
             by
             Constantinus
             and
             Licinius
             to
             their
             Marriage
             Feasts
             ,
             and
             having
             excused
             himself
             ,
             that
             by
             reason
             of
             his
             age
             he
             could
             not
             be
             present
             ,
             they
             did
             write
             back
             unto
             him
             threatning
             Letters
             ,
             in
             which
             he
             was
             charged
             to
             have
             favoured
             Maxentius
             ,
             and
             to
             favour
             
             Maximinus
             ,
             whereupon
             fearing
             some
             shameful
             death
             ,
             he
             is
             said
             to
             have
             poysoned
             himself
             .
             In
             his
             time
             Constantius
             ,
             the
             Father
             of
             Constantine
             ,
             and
             Armamentarius
             ,
             were
             called
             
               Caesars
               August
            
             .
             When
             Severus
             was
             created
             Caesar
             for
             Italy
             ,
             and
             the
             Sisters
             Son
             of
             
               Maximinus
               Galerius
            
             for
             the
             East
             ;
             at
             the
             same
             time
             Constantius
             also
             was
             made
             
               Caesar
               .
               Maxentius
            
             was
             made
             Emperonr
             in
             a
             Village
             six
             miles
             from
             Rome
             in
             the
             way
             as
             you
             go
             to
             Lavicanum
             .
             Afterwards
             Licinius
             was
             made
             Augustus
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             same
             manner
             was
             Alexander
             made
             Emperor
             at
             Carthage
             ,
             and
             so
             was
             Valens
             also
             created
             Emperor
             ;
             But
             Severus
             was
             slain
             by
             
               Herculius
               Maximinus
            
             at
             Rome
             amongst
             the
             Inns
             ;
             and
             his
             Corps
             was
             put
             into
             the
             Sepulcher
             of
             Galerius
             ,
             distant
             from
             Rome
             by
             the
             way
             of
             Appius
             about
             nine
             miles
             .
          
        
         
           
             Galerius
             Maximianus
             .
          
           
             
               GAlerius
               Maximianus
            
             ,
             his
             privie
             members
             being
             consumed
             ,
             dyed
             ;
             
               Maximianus
               Herculeus
            
             was
             besieged
             at
             Massilia
             by
             Constantine
             ,
             and
             being
             there
             taken
             was
             strangled
             with
             a
             halter
             :
             Alexander
             had
             his
             throat
             cut
             by
             the
             Army
             of
             Constantine
             .
             
             Maxentius
             when
             he
             was
             to
             fight
             with
             Constantine
             ,
             having
             made
             a
             Bridge
             with
             Boats
             a
             little
             above
             the
             Bridge
             Milvius
             ,
             making
             haste
             on
             horse-back
             to
             secure
             the
             Bridge
             ,
             did
             fall
             with
             his
             horse
             into
             the
             River
             ,
             and
             there
             perished
             ,
             and
             through
             the
             weight
             of
             his
             Armor
             did
             sink
             so
             deep
             into
             the
             mud
             ,
             that
             his
             body
             could
             hardly
             be
             found
             again
             .
             Maximianus
             dyed
             a
             natural
             death
             at
             
               Tarsus
               .
               Valens
            
             was
             put
             to
             death
             by
             Licinius
             .
             Having
             thus
             acquainted
             you
             with
             the
             manner
             of
             their
             deaths
             ,
             I
             will
             now
             give
             you
             a
             Character
             of
             their
             dispositions
             ;
             
               Herculeus
               Maximianus
            
             was
             by
             nature
             cruel
             ,
             vehemently
             addicted
             to
             lust
             ,
             and
             foolish
             in
             Counsel
             ,
             of
             ordinary
             Parentage
             ,
             being
             born
             in
             the
             wilde
             parts
             of
             Pannonia
             ;
             There
             is
             a
             place
             not
             far
             from
             Syrmius
             where
             now
             standeth
             a
             Palace
             wherein
             the
             Parents
             of
             Herculeus
             did
             follow
             mercenary
             labour
             ;
             He
             dyed
             in
             the
             sixtyeth
             year
             of
             his
             age
             ,
             having
             governed
             the
             Empire
             twenty
             year
             ;
             He
             begot
             upon
             Eutropia
             the
             Syrian
             woman
             ,
             Maxentius
             and
             Fausta
             the
             wife
             of
             Constantine
             ,
             to
             whose
             Father
             Constantius
             he
             gave
             his
             Step-daughter
             Theodora
             ;
             But
             some
             affirm
             that
             Maxentius
             by
             the
             imposture
             of
             the
             wife
             of
             Maximianus
             was
             brought
             from
             another
             place
             ,
             because
             she
             knew
             that
             it
             would
             be
             most
             acceptable
             to
             her
             Husband
             to
             have
             a
             Son
             ,
             whereas
             indeed
             he
             
             was
             not
             the
             Son
             of
             Maximianus
             .
             Howsoevet
             it
             was
             ,
             Maximianus
             himself
             was
             never
             beloved
             of
             any
             ,
             neither
             of
             his
             own
             Father
             ,
             nor
             of
             his
             Father-in-Law
             Galerius
             .
          
        
         
           
             Galerius
             Armentarius
             .
          
           
             GAlerius
             ,
             although
             rude
             and
             unexperienced
             in
             the
             way
             of
             Justice
             ,
             was
             a
             man
             otherwise
             commendable
             enough
             ;
             he
             was
             well
             made
             of
             body
             ,
             an
             excellent
             and
             a
             successful
             Souldier
             :
             His
             parents
             were
             Country
             people
             ,
             and
             keepers
             of
             Heards
             ,
             from
             whence
             he
             had
             his
             name
             Armentarius
             ;
             He
             was
             born
             in
             Ducia
             and
             there
             buryed
             ;
             the
             place
             where
             he
             was
             buryed
             ,
             he
             called
             Romulus
             ,
             after
             the
             name
             of
             his
             Mother
             Romula
             ;
             He
             would
             insolently
             affirm
             ,
             that
             his
             Mother
             mingled
             with
             a
             Dragon
             when
             she
             conceived
             him
             ,
             as
             did
             Olympias
             the
             Mother
             of
             Alexander
             the
             Great
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             Galerius
             Maximinus
             .
          
           
             
               GAlerius
               Maximinus
            
             was
             the
             Son
             of
             the
             Sister
             of
             Armentarius
             ,
             and
             before
             he
             was
             made
             Emperor
             he
             was
             called
             Daza
             ;
             He
             was
             Caesar
             four
             years
             ,
             and
             called
             Augustus
             three
             years
             in
             the
             East
             :
             By
             his
             birth
             and
             education
             he
             was
             a
             Pastoral
             man
             ,
             but
             a
             great
             lover
             of
             wise
             and
             learned
             men
             ;
             of
             a
             quiet
             disposition
             ,
             but
             much
             inclined
             to
             wine
             ,
             in
             the
             excess
             whereof
             he
             commanded
             many
             unlawful
             things
             ,
             of
             which
             afterwards
             he
             repented
             ,
             and
             gave
             a
             charge
             to
             all
             his
             followers
             ,
             that
             they
             should
             not
             execute
             his
             desires
             except
             he
             was
             sober
             ,
             or
             gave
             them
             a
             commandment
             in
             the
             morning
             .
          
        
         
           
             Alexander
             .
          
           
             ALexander
             was
             by
             birth
             a
             Phrygian
             ,
             fearful
             in
             his
             disposition
             ,
             and
             by
             reason
             of
             his
             old
             Age
             not
             fit
             to
             endure
             labour
             ,
             so
             that
             all
             these
             whom
             last
             of
             all
             I
             have
             named
             ,
             being
             destroyed
             some
             one
             way
             ,
             and
             some
             another
             ,
             
             the
             Imperial
             Rights
             descended
             to
             Constantinus
             and
             Licinius
             .
          
        
         
           
             Constantinus
             .
          
           
             COnstantinus
             the
             Son
             of
             the
             Emperor
             Constantius
             ,
             &
             of
             Helena
             ,
             raigned
             thirty
             years
             :
             He
             being
             but
             a
             youth
             ,
             the
             more
             religiously
             to
             observe
             the
             agreement
             made
             ,
             was
             a
             pledge
             to
             Galerius
             in
             the
             City
             of
             Rome
             ,
             from
             whence
             he
             made
             an
             escape
             ,
             and
             to
             save
             himself
             from
             those
             who
             did
             pursue
             him
             ,
             he
             killed
             all
             the
             horses
             and
             the
             beasts
             he
             did
             meet
             with
             ,
             to
             block
             up
             the
             way
             ,
             and
             came
             safe
             to
             his
             Father
             in
             Brittany
             ,
             who
             at
             that
             time
             was
             a
             dying
             man.
             After
             his
             death
             by
             the
             consent
             of
             all
             his
             friends
             that
             were
             present
             ,
             and
             especially
             of
             Erocus
             King
             of
             the
             Alemans
             who
             with
             Auxiliarie
             Souldiers
             did
             assist
             his
             Father
             Constantius
             ,
             and
             accompany
             him
             in
             his
             wars
             ,
             he
             did
             possess
             himself
             of
             the
             Empire
             at
             Millain
             ,
             and
             married
             his
             Sister
             Constantia
             to
             Licinius
             ,
             and
             made
             his
             Sons
             ,
             Crispus
             born
             of
             his
             Concubine
             Minervina
             ,
             and
             his
             Son
             Constantius
             born
             much
             at
             the
             same
             time
             ,
             and
             Licinius
             the
             Son
             of
             Licinius
             ,
             being
             but
             twenty
             Moneths
             of
             age
             ,
             Caesars
             .
             But
             as
             Empires
             do
             hardly
             continue
             in
             concord
             ,
             so
             there
             arose
             
             dissentions
             betwixt
             Constantine
             and
             Licinius
             ,
             and
             first
             of
             all
             Constantine
             did
             fall
             upon
             the
             Army
             of
             Licinius
             at
             Cibalae
             near
             to
             the
             Lake
             Hiulca
             ,
             taking
             the
             advantage
             of
             the
             time
             of
             night
             ,
             whereupon
             Licinius
             did
             flie
             unto
             Bizantium
             where
             he
             created
             
               Martianus
               Caesar
               .
               Constantine
            
             having
             reinforced
             his
             Army
             ,
             constrained
             Licinius
             at
             Bythinia
             to
             surrender
             to
             him
             by
             the
             hands
             of
             his
             wife
             ,
             the
             Imperial
             Robes
             ,
             upon
             condition
             to
             have
             only
             his
             own
             life
             saved
             .
             Not
             long
             afterwards
             he
             was
             sent
             to
             Thessalonica
             ,
             where
             both
             he
             and
             Martinianus
             were
             strangled
             ▪
             Licinius
             was
             threescoce
             years
             of
             Age
             ,
             and
             raigned
             fourteen
             years
             ,
             he
             was
             extreamly
             covetous
             ,
             much
             addicted
             unto
             lust
             ,
             sharp
             of
             apprehension
             ,
             and
             not
             a
             little
             impatient
             ;
             he
             was
             a
             great
             Enemy
             to
             learning
             ,
             especially
             to
             the
             pleadings
             at
             the
             Bar
             ,
             calling
             learning
             ,
             through
             his
             ignorance
             ,
             a
             poyson
             ,
             and
             a
             publick
             plague
             ;
             he
             was
             well
             affected
             to
             husbandry
             ,
             and
             to
             the
             silly
             people
             in
             the
             Country
             ,
             because
             among
             such
             he
             had
             his
             Education
             ;
             he
             was
             a
             great
             observer
             of
             Martial
             Discipline
             and
             most
             supestitious
             in
             the
             Institution
             of
             former
             Ages
             .
             A
             great
             suppressor
             he
             was
             of
             Eunuchs
             and
             Courtiers
             ,
             calling
             them
             the
             Moths
             and
             Rats
             of
             the
             Palace
             .
             Constantine
             having
             possessed
             himself
             of
             the
             whole
             Empire
             ,
             being
             as
             successful
             in
             his
             Government
             at
             home
             as
             in
             
             he
             wars
             abroad
             ,
             did
             (
             as
             it
             is
             thought
             )
             by
             the
             ●nstigation
             of
             his
             wife
             Fausta
             ,
             put
             his
             Son
             Crispus
             to
             death
             ;
             And
             afterwards
             being
             much
             condemned
             for
             it
             by
             his
             Mother
             ,
             he
             caused
             his
             wife
             Fausta
             to
             be
             thrown
             into
             a
             Bath
             of
             scalding
             water
             ,
             where
             she
             miserably
             dyed
             ;
             He
             was
             himself
             most
             immoderately
             desirous
             of
             prayse
             ,
             and
             finding
             the
             name
             of
             Trajan
             to
             be
             written
             upon
             the
             Walls
             of
             many
             of
             the
             Palaces
             ,
             he
             called
             him
             a
             Wall-flower
             ;
             he
             builded
             a
             Bridge
             over
             the
             River
             of
             Danubius
             .
             He
             adorned
             the
             Imperial
             Robes
             with
             Pearls
             and
             pretious
             Stones
             ,
             and
             perpetually
             did
             wear
             a
             Diadem
             on
             his
             head
             ;
             he
             was
             qualified
             and
             enabled
             for
             many
             things
             ,
             as
             to
             suppress
             calumniations
             and
             tumults
             ,
             and
             to
             nourish
             all
             good
             Arts
             ,
             especially
             Learning
             ;
             he
             himself
             would
             reade
             ,
             write
             ,
             meditate
             ,
             hear
             the
             Ambassies
             and
             the
             Complaints
             of
             the
             Provinces
             ;
             He
             made
             his
             own
             Son
             and
             Dalmatius
             his
             Brothers
             Son
             ,
             Caesars
             ;
             he
             lived
             threescore
             and
             three
             years
             ,
             and
             governed
             the
             Empire
             almost
             half
             of
             them
             alone
             ;
             He
             dyed
             of
             a
             disease
             ,
             being
             addicted
             more
             in
             his
             life
             time
             to
             derision
             then
             affability
             ,
             whereupon
             he
             commonly
             was
             called
             Tracalla
             .
             In
             his
             first
             ten
             years
             of
             his
             Government
             ,
             he
             was
             called
             Excellent
             ;
             In
             his
             next
             twelve
             years
             a
             Robber
             ;
             and
             in
             his
             ten
             last
             ,
             
               an
               ungoverned
               Pupil
            
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             his
             immoderate
             Expences
             ;
             his
             body
             
             was
             buryed
             in
             Byzantium
             ,
             which
             after
             his
             name
             was
             called
             Constantinople
             ;
             after
             his
             death
             the
             Souldiers
             did
             kill
             Dalmatius
             ,
             and
             the
             Roman
             Empire
             was
             divided
             into
             three
             parts
             ,
             betwixt
             his
             three
             Sons
             ,
             
               Constans
               ,
               Constantius
            
             ,
             and
             
               Constantinus
               :
               Constans
            
             ruled
             over
             all
             
               Italy
               ,
               Illyricum
               ,
               Africa
               ,
               Dalmatia
               ,
               Thracia
               ,
               Macedonia
            
             and
             Achaia
             ;
             the
             command
             of
             Constantius
             did
             begin
             at
             the
             Propontick
             Sea
             ,
             and
             reached
             over
             all
             Asia
             and
             the
             East
             ;
             And
             Constantinus
             did
             govern
             all
             beyond
             the
             Alpes
             .
          
        
         
           
             Annibalianus
             ,
             Constantius
             ,
             and
             Constans
             .
          
           
             ANnibalianus
             the
             kinsman
             of
             
               Dalmatius
               Caesar
            
             ,
             did
             govern
             Armenia
             ,
             and
             the
             Nations
             adjoyning
             to
             it
             ;
             In
             the
             mean
             time
             Constantius
             and
             Constans
             fell
             at
             variance
             about
             the
             Dominions
             of
             Italy
             and
             
               Africa
               .
               Constantius
            
             a
             rash
             man
             ,
             and
             living
             like
             a
             Plunderer
             ,
             being
             filthily
             drunk
             ,
             whiles
             he
             endeavoured
             to
             intrench
             upon
             his
             Brothers
             possessions
             ,
             did
             lose
             his
             own
             ,
             and
             being
             taken
             ,
             was
             killed
             and
             thrown
             into
             the
             River
             of
             Alsa
             ,
             not
             far
             from
             
               Aquileia
               .
               Constans
            
             given
             much
             to
             hunting
             ,
             whiles
             he
             followed
             the
             game
             in
             the
             Forrest
             ,
             
               Chrestius
               ,
               Marcellinus
            
             ,
             
             and
             Magnentius
             ,
             with
             some
             others
             of
             the
             Souldiery
             did
             conspire
             his
             death
             ,
             and
             having
             agreed
             upon
             the
             day
             ;
             Marcellinus
             amongst
             many
             others
             did
             invite
             him
             to
             Supper
             in
             pretence
             of
             celebrating
             the
             birth
             day
             of
             his
             Son
             ;
             The
             Feast
             continuing
             late
             in
             the
             night
             ,
             Magnentius
             arising
             (
             as
             he
             said
             )
             to
             ease
             his
             belly
             ,
             did
             put
             on
             the
             venerable
             habit
             of
             the
             Emperor
             ;
             which
             when
             Constans
             understood
             ,
             he
             made
             means
             to
             flie
             away
             ,
             but
             was
             over-taken
             and
             slain
             by
             Gaiso
             who
             with
             a
             select
             band
             of
             the
             Cavalry
             was
             sent
             after
             him
             .
             This
             was
             done
             at
             Helena
             a
             Town
             not
             far
             from
             Peirene
             in
             the
             thirteenth
             year
             of
             his
             Raign
             ;
             he
             was
             made
             Caesar
             three
             years
             before
             ,
             and
             he
             lived
             seven
             and
             twenty
             years
             ;
             He
             was
             lame
             in
             his
             feet
             ,
             and
             had
             the
             Gout
             also
             in
             the
             joynts
             of
             his
             fingers
             .
             In
             the
             Division
             of
             his
             Dominion
             ,
             he
             was
             fortunate
             in
             the
             temperature
             of
             the
             Ayr
             ,
             in
             the
             abundance
             of
             fruits
             ,
             and
             for
             not
             being
             annoyed
             by
             the
             Barbarians
             ,
             which
             benefits
             had
             indeed
             been
             greater
             ,
             if
             he
             had
             advanced
             his
             Lieutenants
             into
             the
             Government
             of
             the
             Provinces
             ,
             not
             by
             money
             but
             by
             merit
             :
             His
             death
             being
             understood
             ,
             Vetranius
             the
             General
             of
             the
             Army
             did
             take
             upon
             him
             the
             Empire
             in
             Pannonia
             ,
             of
             which
             he
             was
             not
             long
             afterwards
             dispossed
             by
             Constantius
             ;
             he
             lived
             to
             a
             great
             age
             ,
             and
             in
             a
             voluptuous
             life
             ,
             being
             foolish
             almost
             to
             Idotism
             it self
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             Constantius
             .
          
           
             COnstantius
             made
             Gallus
             his
             Uncles
             son
             Caesar
             ,
             and
             marryed
             him
             to
             his
             Sister
             
               Constantina
               .
               Magnentius
            
             also
             at
             that
             time
             beyond
             the
             Alpes
             did
             create
             his
             kinsman
             
               Decentius
               ,
               Caesar
            
             :
             And
             Nepotianus
             the
             Son
             of
             Eutrophia
             who
             was
             Constantines
             sister
             ,
             did
             assume
             the
             Government
             of
             the
             Empire
             at
             Rome
             ,
             whom
             Magnentius
             in
             the
             eight
             and
             twentyeth
             day
             afterwards
             did
             suppress
             .
             In
             his
             time
             there
             was
             a
             great
             Battel
             fought
             at
             Marsia
             in
             which
             Constantius
             overcame
             Magnentius
             ;
             The
             strength
             of
             Rome
             did
             never
             more
             suffer
             then
             in
             this
             War
             ,
             and
             the
             Fortunes
             of
             the
             whole
             Empire
             were
             desperately
             shaken
             .
             Magnentius
             after
             this
             ,
             having
             retreated
             into
             Italy
             ,
             did
             kill
             at
             Thicanum
             many
             of
             his
             pursuing
             Enemies
             ,
             who
             too
             improvidently
             did
             follow
             the
             chase
             ,
             as
             it
             oftentimes
             falls
             out
             in
             Victories
             .
             Not
             long
             afterwards
             being
             shut
             up
             in
             Lions
             ,
             with
             a
             prepared
             sword
             (
             the
             pommel
             of
             it
             being
             set
             to
             the
             Wall
             level
             to
             his
             breast
             ,
             )
             with
             all
             his
             strength
             and
             the
             whole
             weight
             of
             his
             body
             he
             received
             the
             point
             ,
             which
             running
             through
             him
             (
             being
             a
             man
             of
             a
             great
             bulk
             ,
             pouring
             forth
             his
             blood
             
             not
             onely
             at
             his
             wound
             ,
             but
             as
             his
             mouth
             and
             his
             nose
             also
             )
             he
             expired
             ,
             in
             the
             thirteenth
             Moneth
             of
             his
             Government
             ,
             and
             the
             fiftyeth
             year
             of
             his
             Age
             ;
             His
             Parents
             were
             of
             Gallia
             ;
             he
             was
             a
             great
             Reader
             ,
             acute
             in
             his
             Discourse
             ,
             of
             a
             proud
             spirit
             ,
             and
             yet
             immoderately
             fearful
             ,
             but
             a
             great
             Artist
             to
             conceal
             his
             fear
             under
             bold
             pretences
             .
             Decentius
             no
             sooner
             heard
             of
             his
             death
             ,
             but
             strangling
             himself
             with
             his
             own
             Garter
             he
             ended
             his
             life
             .
             Much
             about
             this
             time
             
               Gallus
               Caesar
            
             was
             slain
             by
             Constantius
             ;
             he
             ruled
             four
             years
             .
          
        
         
           
             Silvanus
             .
          
           
             SIlvanus
             being
             made
             Emperor
             ,
             was
             slain
             in
             the
             eight
             and
             twentyeth
             day
             of
             his
             Government
             ;
             he
             was
             of
             a
             most
             pleasing
             and
             courtly
             wit
             ,
             although
             begotten
             by
             a
             barbarous
             Father
             ;
             he
             was
             sufficiently
             instructed
             in
             and
             prone
             enough
             to
             learn
             the
             Roman
             civilities
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             Constantius
             .
          
           
             COnstantius
             did
             honour
             
               Claudius
               Julianus
            
             the
             Brother
             of
             Gallus
             with
             the
             name
             of
             Caesar
             ,
             being
             about
             three
             and
             twenty
             years
             of
             Age.
             He
             in
             the
             Feilds
             of
             Argentoratum
             in
             France
             did
             slay
             an
             innumerable
             company
             of
             his
             Enemies
             .
             The
             bodies
             of
             the
             slain
             being
             piled
             up
             ,
             did
             seem
             like
             so
             many
             Hills
             ,
             and
             the
             blood
             that
             flowed
             from
             them
             did
             seem
             like
             so
             many
             Rivers
             ;
             Their
             famous
             King
             Nodonarius
             was
             taken
             ,
             all
             the
             Nobility
             were
             utterly
             overthrown
             ,
             and
             the
             limits
             of
             the
             Roman
             Power
             were
             restored
             :
             At
             the
             last
             fighting
             with
             the
             Almains
             ,
             he
             took
             their
             most
             puissant
             King
             Badomarius
             Prisoner
             :
             By
             the
             Souldiers
             of
             Gallia
             he
             was
             proclaimed
             Augustus
             ,
             but
             Constantius
             did
             urge
             him
             by
             his
             Ambassadors
             to
             abandon
             that
             honour
             ,
             and
             to
             discend
             into
             his
             former
             name
             and
             condition
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             Julianus
             .
          
           
             IVlian
             by
             softer
             Mandates
             did
             make
             Answer
             ,
             that
             he
             more
             officiously
             would
             obey
             ,
             if
             the
             injunction
             laid
             upon
             him
             were
             confirmed
             by
             the
             Authority
             of
             the
             high
             Empire
             ,
             whereat
             Constantius
             being
             greatly
             offended
             ,
             being
             more
             and
             more
             inflamed
             with
             grief
             and
             choler
             ,
             did
             contract
             a
             violent
             Feaver
             at
             Mopsocrene
             being
             situated
             at
             the
             foot
             of
             the
             Mountain
             Taurus
             ;
             His
             indignation
             and
             want
             of
             sleep
             did
             increase
             the
             malignancy
             of
             his
             disease
             ,
             so
             that
             he
             dyed
             in
             the
             four
             &
             fortyeth
             years
             of
             his
             age
             ,
             and
             the
             nine
             &
             thirtyeth
             of
             his
             Raign
             ,
             having
             been
             Augustus
             four
             and
             twenty
             years
             ,
             and
             raigned
             with
             Magnentius
             and
             his
             own
             brothers
             sixteen
             years
             ,
             and
             eight
             years
             alone
             ;
             He
             was
             fortunate
             in
             all
             his
             Civil
             Wars
             ,
             but
             most
             unhappy
             in
             Forraign
             Wars
             ;
             He
             was
             admirably
             expert
             in
             Archery
             ,
             and
             much
             given
             to
             meat
             ,
             wine
             and
             to
             sleep
             ,
             very
             patient
             of
             labour
             ,
             and
             desirous
             of
             eloquence
             ,
             which
             not
             being
             able
             to
             obtain
             he
             envyed
             others
             ;
             He
             was
             much
             given
             to
             the
             love
             of
             his
             Attendants
             and
             Eunuchs
             ,
             and
             to
             the
             love
             of
             his
             Wives
             ,
             with
             whom
             he
             lived
             very
             contented
             ,
             not
             turning
             his
             lawful
             affections
             to
             any
             unnatural
             or
             filthy
             lusts
             .
             Amongst
             all
             his
             
             wives
             he
             loved
             Eus●lia
             best
             ,
             who
             indeed
             was
             very
             beautiful
             ,
             but
             by
             her
             Amantiae
             and
             Gordoniae
             ,
             and
             other
             importunate
             services
             ,
             she
             much
             blemished
             the
             Emperors
             reputation
             ,
             contrary
             to
             the
             custome
             of
             modest
             Ladies
             ,
             whose
             saving
             Counsels
             do
             oftentimes
             much
             assist
             their
             Husbands
             .
             To
             omit
             other
             Examples
             ,
             it
             is
             almost
             incredible
             how
             much
             
               Pompeia
               Plotina
            
             encreased
             the
             glory
             of
             Trajan
             ,
             whose
             procurators
             did
             so
             oppress
             the
             Provinces
             ,
             that
             one
             of
             them
             is
             said
             in
             these
             words
             to
             salute
             every
             rich
             man
             he
             did
             meet
             ,
             with
             ,
             
               What
               hast
               thou
               on
               thy
               Table
               ?
               From
               whence
               hast
               thou
               it
               ?
               Deliver
               what
               thou
               hast
               .
            
             She
             understanding
             of
             it
             ,
             did
             reprove
             her
             Husband
             ,
             that
             he
             was
             so
             unmindful
             of
             his
             Honour
             ,
             and
             caused
             him
             so
             much
             to
             detest
             such
             exactions
             ,
             that
             he
             afterwards
             called
             his
             Exchequer
             the
             Milt
             ,
             because
             that
             the
             Milt
             swelling
             too
             much
             ,
             all
             the
             rest
             of
             the
             members
             do
             consume
             .
             Julianus
             having
             invested
             himself
             in
             the
             Government
             of
             the
             Roman
             Empire
             ,
             being
             desirous
             of
             glory
             ,
             did
             make
             War
             upon
             the
             Persians
             ;
             where
             being
             deceived
             by
             a
             Fugitive
             sent
             by
             the
             Parthians
             for
             that
             purpose
             ,
             who
             had
             round
             about
             inclosed
             him
             ,
             and
             begun
             to
             fall
             upon
             his
             Camp
             ,
             he
             armed
             onely
             with
             his
             shield
             did
             run
             out
             of
             his
             Tent
             ,
             and
             in
             too
             rash
             valour
             leading
             forth
             his
             Forces
             to
             the
             battel
             ,
             he
             was
             run
             through
             with
             a
             Spear
             by
             one
             of
             his
             Enemies
             rising
             from
             the
             
             ground
             ;
             being
             mortally
             wounded
             ,
             he
             was
             carried
             into
             his
             Tent
             ,
             and
             coming
             forth
             again
             to
             encourage
             his
             Souldiers
             to
             the
             fight
             ,
             his
             blood
             so
             issued
             forth
             that
             he
             dyed
             about
             midnight
             ,
             having
             first
             said
             that
             he
             would
             not
             (
             as
             the
             custom
             then
             was
             )
             give
             any
             order
             for
             the
             succession
             in
             the
             Empire
             ,
             least
             in
             the
             multitude
             of
             his
             friends
             present
             ,
             who
             with
             different
             Counsels
             did
             seek
             that
             dignity
             ,
             the
             envy
             or
             emulation
             of
             any
             of
             them
             through
             civil
             discord
             should
             procure
             any
             danger
             to
             the
             Army
             .
             There
             was
             in
             him
             a
             vaste
             knowledge
             of
             Letters
             and
             of
             great
             affairs
             ,
             which
             made
             him
             to
             give
             such
             a
             countetenance
             to
             Philosophers
             and
             the
             wisest
             men
             of
             Greece
             ;
             He
             was
             but
             short
             of
             stature
             ,
             and
             not
             strong
             ,
             yet
             able
             through
             exercise
             .
             There
             were
             in
             him
             some
             things
             which
             did
             diminish
             the
             glory
             of
             his
             vertues
             ,
             as
             his
             immoderate
             desire
             of
             praise
             ,
             his
             superstitious
             worship
             of
             the
             gods
             ,
             and
             a
             valor
             more
             rash
             and
             daring
             then
             became
             an
             Emperour
             ,
             whose
             safety
             being
             the
             common
             good
             of
             all
             men
             ,
             is
             diligently
             to
             be
             provided
             at
             all
             times
             ,
             but
             especially
             in
             War.
             The
             ardent
             desire
             of
             glory
             did
             so
             much
             overcome
             him
             ,
             that
             he
             could
             not
             be
             disswaded
             by
             an
             Earthquake
             nor
             many
             other
             presages
             from
             his
             Expedition
             into
             Persia
             ,
             no
             nor
             by
             seeing
             in
             the
             night
             a
             great
             Globe
             to
             fall
             down
             as
             if
             Heaven
             fell
             with
             it
             ,
             could
             he
             be
             induced
             to
             appoint
             a
             more
             happy
             time
             for
             that
             War.
             
          
        
         
           
           
             Jovinian
             .
          
           
             IOvinian
             the
             Son
             of
             Varronianus
             in
             the
             I
             le
             of
             Singidona
             in
             the
             Province
             of
             Pannonia
             ,
             did
             raign
             eight
             Moneths
             :
             His
             Father
             having
             lost
             many
             children
             ,
             was
             admonished
             in
             a
             dream
             to
             call
             that
             childe
             of
             which
             his
             Mother
             was
             ready
             to
             be
             delivered
             ,
             Jovinian
             ;
             he
             was
             a
             man
             of
             a
             most
             gallant
             personage
             ,
             pleasant
             of
             wit
             ,
             and
             studious
             of
             Letters
             .
             In
             the
             midst
             of
             a
             sharp
             winter
             ,
             travelling
             from
             Persia
             to
             Constantinople
             ,
             he
             fell
             into
             a
             crudity
             of
             his
             stomack
             ,
             and
             being
             oppressed
             by
             the
             management
             of
             new
             his
             dignity
             ,
             he
             dyed
             suddenly
             ,
             being
             almost
             forty
             years
             of
             age
             .
          
        
         
           
             Valentinian
             .
          
           
             VAlentinian
             ruled
             twelve
             years
             and
             about
             nine
             moneths
             ;
             His
             Father
             Gratianus
             was
             meanly
             born
             ,
             and
             among
             the
             Cibalae
             was
             called
             Funarius
             ,
             because
             that
             carying
             C●rds
             up
             and
             down
             to
             be
             sold
             ,
             five
             Souldiers
             could
             not
             take
             one
             of
             them
             from
             him
             ;
             for
             this
             he
             was
             called
             to
             be
             a
             Souldier
             ,
             where
             by
             degrees
             he
             did
             ascend
             to
             the
             power
             of
             a
             Praetor
             .
             The
             Souldiers
             for
             his
             sake
             did
             
             bestow
             the
             Empire
             upon
             Valentinian
             his
             Son
             ,
             who
             at
             the
             first
             did
             refuse
             to
             accept
             it
             ;
             He
             made
             his
             cousin
             Valens
             Companion
             with
             him
             in
             the
             Empire
             ,
             and
             afterwards
             his
             Son
             Gratianus
             ,
             whom
             (
             by
             the
             perswasions
             of
             his
             Mother-in-law
             and
             his
             wife
             )
             being
             but
             a
             childe
             ,
             he
             created
             Augustus
             .
             This
             Valentinian
             was
             of
             a
             comely
             presence
             ,
             of
             a
             sharp
             apprehension
             ,
             and
             most
             eloquent
             in
             Speech
             ,
             although
             he
             was
             not
             forward
             to
             express
             himself
             ;
             He
             was
             severe
             ,
             vehement
             ,
             and
             an
             enemy
             to
             vices
             ,
             especially
             to
             covetousness
             ,
             of
             which
             he
             was
             a
             great
             punisher
             ;
             and
             in
             all
             things
             which
             I
             have
             spoken
             of
             him
             ,
             he
             was
             most
             like
             to
             Adrian
             ;
             He
             was
             well
             versed
             in
             Antiquities
             ,
             and
             invented
             new
             Arms
             and
             Utensils
             of
             War
             ;
             He
             could
             draw
             the
             figures
             of
             men
             exactly
             in
             Earth
             or
             Clay
             ;
             He
             wisely
             knew
             how
             to
             make
             use
             of
             place
             ,
             time
             ,
             and
             words
             .
             To
             conclude
             ,
             he
             had
             been
             an
             absolute
             Prince
             ,
             if
             he
             had
             not
             given
             too
             much
             credence
             unto
             Flatterers
             ,
             or
             had
             followed
             the
             advice
             of
             his
             most
             approved
             &
             learned
             Counsellors
             .
             In
             his
             time
             Firmius
             was
             slain
             attempting
             the
             Empire
             in
             Mauritania
             .
             At
             the
             last
             ,
             giving
             Audience
             to
             an
             Embassie
             of
             the
             Guardians
             at
             Bergentium
             ,
             by
             a
             disease
             in
             the
             blood
             ,
             he
             was
             struck
             speechless
             in
             the
             five
             and
             fiftieth
             year
             of
             his
             Age
             ,
             and
             being
             of
             perfect
             sense
             and
             memory
             he
             expired
             :
             Some
             affirm
             
             that
             this
             disease
             fell
             upon
             him
             through
             intemperance
             of
             diet
             ,
             his
             sinews
             being
             over-stretched
             by
             too
             much
             saturity
             .
             He
             being
             dead
             ,
             Valentinian
             his
             Son
             being
             but
             four
             years
             of
             Age
             ,
             was
             with
             his
             Mother
             brought
             to
             Rome
             ,
             and
             created
             Emperor
             by
             the
             procurement
             of
             Aequitius
             and
             Merobaudus
             .
          
        
         
           
             Valens
             .
          
           
             VAlens
             with
             his
             young
             Cousin
             Valentian
             raigned
             ten
             years
             ,
             and
             five
             moneths
             .
             Valens
             making
             an
             unfortunate
             War
             with
             the
             Gothes
             was
             wounded
             with
             arrows
             ,
             and
             being
             brought
             into
             a
             most
             sordid
             Cottage
             ,
             the
             Gothes
             following
             the
             pursute
             set
             fire
             on
             it
             ,
             where
             he
             perished
             in
             the
             Flame
             ;
             He
             was
             to
             be
             commended
             for
             these
             things
             .
             He
             was
             a
             good
             Counseller
             ,
             just
             in
             altering
             of
             judgements
             ,
             trusty
             to
             his
             friends
             ,
             not
             angry
             to
             any
             mans
             prejudice
             ,
             and
             fearful
             enough
             when
             he
             saw
             cause
             for
             it
             .
             In
             his
             time
             Procopius
             the
             Tyrant
             was
             put
             to
             death
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             Gratianus
             .
          
           
             GRatianus
             was
             born
             at
             Syrmium
             ,
             and
             raigned
             with
             his
             Father
             Valentinian
             eight
             years
             ,
             with
             his
             Uncle
             and
             his
             brother
             three
             years
             ,
             with
             the
             same
             Brother
             and
             Theodosius
             four
             years
             ,
             and
             with
             them
             all
             ,
             Arcadius
             also
             being
             inserted
             six
             moneths
             .
             He
             overthrew
             thirty
             thousand
             Alemans
             at
             Argentoratum
             in
             Gallia
             :
             Having
             understood
             that
             the
             Gothes
             and
             Triballians
             ,
             and
             the
             Huns
             and
             Alans
             ,
             Nations
             more
             ruinous
             then
             destruction
             it self
             ,
             had
             possessed
             Thrace
             and
             Dacia
             ,
             as
             if
             those
             Countreys
             had
             been
             theirs
             by
             Inheritance
             ,
             finding
             that
             the
             Roman
             Name
             and
             State
             were
             in
             great
             danger
             to
             be
             utterly
             extinct
             ,
             did
             send
             for
             Theodosius
             out
             of
             Spain
             ,
             and
             in
             the
             three
             and
             thirtieth
             year
             of
             his
             Age
             he
             did
             resign
             the
             Government
             of
             the
             Empire
             to
             him
             .
             This
             Gratian
             was
             not
             meanely
             Learned
             ;
             he
             could
             make
             a
             Verse
             ,
             speak
             eloquently
             ,
             and
             lay
             open
             a
             Cause
             like
             a
             perfect
             Orator
             .
             Night
             and
             day
             he
             made
             it
             his
             business
             to
             meditate
             on
             Archery
             ,
             and
             the
             hurling
             of
             Darts
             ,
             thinking
             it
             a
             faculty
             of
             the
             greatest
             pleasure
             ,
             and
             which
             carryed
             in
             it
             some
             divinity
             with
             it
             in
             it
             ,
             with
             a
             stedfast
             dexterity
             to
             hit
             the
             mark
             assigned
             him
             ;
             he
             was
             
             a
             conqueror
             of
             his
             lusts
             ,
             wine
             ,
             and
             luxury
             ▪
             And
             he
             had
             been
             good
             to
             all
             if
             he
             had
             addicted
             his
             minde
             to
             manage
             the
             Government
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             ,
             in
             which
             he
             was
             defective
             both
             in
             knowledge
             to
             rule
             ,
             and
             in
             inclination
             to
             learn
             ;
             for
             having
             neglected
             the
             Army
             ,
             and
             preferred
             the
             Alani
             (
             whom
             with
             a
             vast
             sum
             of
             money
             he
             had
             drawn
             unto
             ▪
             him
             )
             and
             being
             become
             such
             a
             friend
             and
             companion
             of
             the
             Barbarians
             ,
             that
             he
             would
             be
             seen
             in
             publick
             with
             them
             ,
             and
             walk
             in
             their
             habit
             ,
             he
             drew
             upon
             him
             the
             hatred
             of
             the
             Roman
             Souldiery
             .
             In
             his
             time
             Maximius
             who
             rebelled
             in
             Britanie
             came
             into
             France
             ,
             and
             being
             received
             by
             those
             Legions
             who
             were
             discontented
             with
             Gratian
             ,
             they
             did
             put
             him
             to
             flight
             ,
             and
             immediately
             afterwards
             he
             dyed
             ,
             having
             lived
             eight
             and
             twenty
             years
             .
          
        
         
           
             Theodosius
             .
          
           
             THeodosius
             was
             the
             Son
             of
             Honorius
             ,
             his
             Mothers
             name
             was
             Th●rmantia
             ,
             he
             was
             a
             Spaniard
             by
             his
             birth
             ,
             but
             deriving
             his
             original
             from
             the
             Emperor
             Trajan
             ;
             He
             was
             made
             Emperor
             by
             Gratian
             at
             
               Syrmium
               ▪
            
             and
             ruled
             seven
             and
             twenty
             years
             ;
             It
             is
             reported
             
             that
             his
             Parents
             were
             admonished
             in
             a
             dream
             to
             give
             him
             this
             Name
             whereby
             we
             might
             understand
             in
             Latin
             ,
             that
             he
             was
             given
             us
             by
             God
             ;
             There
             was
             an
             Oracle
             also
             famous
             over
             all
             Asia
             ,
             that
             one
             should
             succeed
             Valens
             in
             the
             Empire
             ,
             whose
             name
             should
             begin
             with
             the
             Greek
             letters
             ,
             θ
             ,
             ε
             ,
             and
             ο
             ,
             with
             a
             presumption
             whereof
             Theodorus
             being
             deceived
             ,
             he
             was
             justly
             put
             to
             death
             for
             his
             ambitious
             and
             immoderate
             desire
             of
             Soveraignty
             .
             Theodosius
             was
             an
             illustrious
             Defender
             and
             an
             enlarger
             of
             the
             Commonwealth
             ;
             for
             in
             divers
             memorable
             Battels
             he
             overthrew
             the
             Goths
             and
             the
             Huns
             who
             laid
             wast
             the
             Empire
             ;
             and
             having
             invaded
             the
             Persians
             ,
             he
             compelled
             them
             to
             seek
             for
             peace
             of
             him
             ;
             he
             slew
             at
             
               Aquileia
               Maximius
            
             the
             Tyrant
             ;
             who
             had
             killed
             Gratian
             ,
             and
             challenged
             all
             France
             to
             himself
             ;
             He
             caused
             also
             Victor
             his
             Son
             to
             be
             killed
             ,
             whom
             his
             Father
             Maximius
             had
             proclaimed
             Augustus
             ,
             when
             he
             was
             in
             the
             years
             of
             his
             Infancy
             ;
             He
             overcame
             also
             Eugenius
             the
             Tyrant
             ,
             and
             Arbogastes
             ,
             ten
             thousand
             of
             their
             Army
             being
             cut
             in
             pieces
             ;
             This
             Eugenius
             trusting
             to
             the
             forces
             of
             Arbogastes
             ,
             after
             he
             had
             slain
             Valentinian
             at
             Vienna
             ,
             called
             himself
             Emperor
             ;
             but
             not
             long
             after
             he
             lost
             his
             life
             and
             Empire
             both
             togegether
             .
             Theodosius
             in
             body
             and
             conditions
             did
             much
             resemble
             the
             Emperor
             Trajan
             ,
             as
             
             the
             writings
             of
             the
             Historians
             in
             those
             daye●
             and
             his
             Picture
             do
             declare
             ;
             so
             tall
             he
             wa●
             in
             stature
             ,
             such
             was
             the
             proportion
             of
             his
             limbs
             ,
             such
             was
             the
             colour
             of
             his
             hair
             ,
             the
             same
             face
             ,
             unless
             his
             cheeks
             were
             a
             little
             more
             thin
             by
             often
             plucking
             out
             the
             hair
             by
             the
             roots
             ;
             neither
             had
             he
             so
             great
             eyes
             ;
             and
             I
             know
             not
             whether
             he
             had
             altogether
             so
             great
             a
             flourish
             of
             beauty
             in
             his
             face
             ,
             and
             such
             a
             gracefulness
             in
             his
             gate
             ;
             but
             I
             am
             sure
             their
             minds
             were
             most
             alike
             ,
             so
             that
             nothing
             can
             be
             said
             or
             read
             in
             books
             of
             the
             one
             ,
             which
             may
             not
             properly
             be
             translated
             to
             the
             other
             ;
             He
             was
             gentle
             ,
             merciful
             ,
             and
             affable
             to
             all
             ,
             &
             thought
             that
             only
             in
             his
             habit
             he
             did
             differ
             from
             other
             men
             ;
             he
             was
             munificent
             to
             all
             ,
             but
             magnificent
             to
             the
             good
             ;
             he
             loved
             ordinary
             wits
             ,
             and
             admired
             the
             great
             ones
             (
             provided
             they
             were
             harmless
             ;
             with
             a
             great
             mind
             he
             gave
             great
             largesses
             ,
             he
             loved
             the
             Citizens
             ,
             and
             those
             most
             known
             unto
             him
             him
             by
             private
             acquaintance
             ,
             &
             enriched
             them
             with
             honours
             ,
             money
             ,
             and
             other
             benefits
             ,
             especially
             those
             whose
             good
             offices
             to
             him
             as
             towards
             a
             Father
             in
             the
             time
             of
             his
             adversity
             he
             had
             approved
             ;
             but
             for
             loving
             of
             Wine
             ,
             and
             the
             desire
             of
             triumphs
             ,
             with
             which
             Trajan
             was
             aspersed
             ,
             he
             so
             much
             detested
             them
             that
             he
             found
             Wars
             ,
             but
             did
             make
             none
             ;
             and
             by
             a
             Law
             did
             prohibit
             all
             wanton
             meetings
             ,
             and
             to
             have
             Songs
             at
             Banquets
             ,
             so
             
             much
             he
             did
             contribute
             to
             continence
             and
             modesty
             ,
             that
             he
             did
             forbid
             the
             marriage
             of
             Cousin
             ▪
             germans
             as
             an
             unlawful
             thing
             :
             For
             learning
             ,
             being
             compared
             to
             those
             who
             are
             absolute
             ,
             he
             was
             not
             extraordinary
             ,
             but
             wise
             and
             prudent
             he
             was
             ,
             and
             very
             diligent
             to
             read
             men
             in
             their
             manners
             .
             He
             would
             hastily
             condemn
             the
             cruel
             deeds
             of
             the
             Ancients
             ,
             and
             those
             Enemies
             to
             publick
             liberty
             ,
             
               Cinna
               ,
               Marius
            
             ,
             and
             Sylla
             ,
             and
             he
             did
             bear
             an
             especial
             hatred
             to
             perfidious
             and
             ungrateful
             persons
             ;
             He
             would
             suddenly
             be
             angry
             ,
             but
             he
             was
             apt
             to
             return
             to
             his
             first
             temper
             ,
             and
             after
             a
             little
             pause
             he
             would
             of
             himself
             be
             quickly
             appeased
             .
             Sometimes
             he
             would
             propound
             unto
             himself
             the
             severe
             precepts
             out
             of
             Livy
             ,
             or
             what
             Augustus
             was
             taught
             by
             him
             who
             did
             read
             Philosophy
             unto
             him
             ,
             that
             if
             he
             were
             angry
             at
             any
             time
             ,
             before
             he
             attempted
             to
             revenge
             the
             displeasure
             ,
             he
             should
             repeat
             the
             four
             and
             twenty
             Greek
             Letters
             ,
             by
             means
             whereof
             the
             concitation
             of
             the
             spirit
             ,
             which
             in
             a
             moment
             was
             raised
             (
             the
             minde
             being
             otherwise
             imployed
             )
             might
             in
             a
             little
             respite
             of
             time
             be
             appeased
             .
             A
             brave
             man
             undoubtedly
             he
             was
             thus
             to
             exercise
             his
             patience
             ,
             and
             which
             is
             a
             proof
             of
             a
             singular
             vertue
             ,
             after
             the
             regal
             power
             confirmed
             by
             years
             ,
             and
             much
             more
             after
             a
             civil
             Victory
             .
             What
             shall
             I
             speak
             of
             his
             sollicitous
             care
             in
             providing
             of
             Corn
             ,
             and
             to
             restore
             
             out
             of
             his
             own
             treasure
             the
             vast
             sums
             of
             gold
             &
             silver
             taken
             away
             by
             force
             &
             consumed
             by
             Tyrants
             ,
             even
             when
             bountiful
             Princes
             do
             hardly
             give
             unto
             their
             Followers
             the
             reversion
             of
             a
             few
             unfruitful
             fields
             ,
             or
             of
             a
             plundred
             Farm
             ?
             Neither
             can
             those
             less
             things
             be
             forgotten
             ,
             which
             being
             practised
             within
             the
             Court
             ,
             do
             more
             attract
             the
             eyes
             and
             ears
             of
             all
             curious
             natures
             to
             behold
             them
             ,
             as
             to
             reverence
             the
             Uncle
             like
             the
             Father
             ,
             to
             bring
             up
             the
             children
             either
             of
             the
             dead
             Brother
             or
             Sister
             as
             his
             own
             ,
             to
             embrace
             kindred
             and
             allyance
             with
             the
             affection
             of
             a
             Parent
             ,
             to
             make
             a
             neat
             and
             a
             merry
             Feast
             ,
             but
             not
             a
             sumptuous
             one
             ,
             to
             frame
             the
             discourse
             to
             the
             quality
             of
             the
             persons
             ,
             and
             observances
             to
             Dignities
             ,
             to
             have
             a
             discourse
             pleasant
             with
             gravity
             ,
             a
             tender
             Father
             and
             a
             loving
             Husband
             ;
             He
             so
             exercised
             himself
             in
             sports
             ,
             as
             to
             be
             neither
             thereby
             engaged
             or
             wearied
             ,
             and
             when
             he
             had
             leisure
             ,
             he
             refreshed
             his
             spirits
             with
             walking
             ;
             He
             governed
             his
             bodily
             health
             with
             a
             good
             diet
             ;
             And
             thus
             in
             the
             fiftyeth
             year
             of
             his
             Age
             he
             dyed
             in
             peace
             at
             Millain
             ,
             leaving
             in
             a
             peaceable
             condition
             the
             two
             Commonwealths
             to
             his
             two
             Sons
             ,
             Arcadius
             and
             Honorius
             ;
             his
             body
             was
             the
             same
             year
             in
             which
             he
             dyed
             ,
             conveyed
             to
             Constantinople
             ,
             and
             there
             interred
             .
          
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           An
           Alphabetical
           TABLE
           ,
           of
           those
           things
           which
           are
           most
           remarkable
           in
           this
           HISTORY
           .
        
         
           
             THe
             Abderits
             forced
             from
             their
             own
             Country
             by
             multitudes
             of
             Frogs
             and
             Mice
             ,
             to
             seek
             new
             habitations
             ,
             page
             237
          
           
             Aborigines
             the
             first
             Inhabitants
             of
             Italy
             ,
             p.
             501
          
           
             The
             abrogation
             of
             the
             Custome
             for
             the
             sacrifizing
             of
             men
             alive
             ,
             p.
             281
          
           
             Abydus
             ,
             p.
             52
          
           
             The
             Acarnanians
             alone
             ayded
             not
             the
             Graecians
             against
             the
             Trojans
             ,
             p.
             364
          
           
             The
             Achaians
             fight
             with
             Nabis
             ,
             p.
             389
          
           
             Their
             combination
             ,
             fidelity
             ,
             and
             power
             ,
             ibid.
             
          
           
             Adrian
             the
             Emperor
             ,
             p.
             555
          
           
             The
             Adriatick
             Sea
             ,
             and
             why
             so
             called
             ,
             p.
             287
          
           
             
             Adultery
             most
             severely
             punished
             amongst
             the
             Parthians
             ,
             p.
             481
          
           
             Aeacides
             King
             of
             the
             Molossi
             ,
             p.
             232
          
           
             The
             greatest
             part
             of
             that
             Name
             dying
             about
             thirty
             years
             of
             Age
             ,
             p.
             202
          
           
             Their
             Original
             from
             Hercules
             ,
             p.
             157
          
           
             Aegeades
             from
             whence
             so
             called
             ,
             p.
             114
          
           
             Aegeus
             King
             of
             the
             Athenians
             ,
             Father
             of
             Theseus
             ,
             p.
             137
          
           
             Aegypt
             fortified
             at
             the
             vast
             expence
             of
             her
             King
             ,
             p.
             26
          
           
             Aegypt
             the
             Granary
             of
             the
             Roman
             people
             ,
             p.
             526
          
           
             The
             Aegyptians
             superstitious
             ,
             p.
             17
          
           
             The
             fruitfulness
             and
             temper
             of
             Aegypt
             ,
             p.
             24
          
           
             Aemilius
             gave
             Law
             to
             the
             Macedons
             ,
             p.
             414
          
           
             Aeneas
             came
             into
             Italy
             ,
             p.
             502
          
           
             Aeneas
             dyed
             in
             the
             wars
             against
             Mezensius
             ,
             ibid.
             
          
           
             Aeolus
             heretofore
             governed
             Sicily
             ,
             p.
             75
          
           
             The
             Aeolian
             Ilands
             ,
             p.
             73
          
           
             Aetna
             Hill
             ,
             and
             the
             perpetual
             burning
             of
             it
             ,
             p.
             74
          
           
             The
             Aetolians
             lost
             their
             liberty
             ,
             p.
             401
          
           
             The
             Africans
             send
             back
             their
             tribute
             to
             the
             Carthaginians
             ,
             p.
             282
          
           
             The
             excellent
             words
             of
             Africanus
             ,
             p.
             400
          
           
             
             His
             moderation
             in
             the
             receiving
             of
             his
             Son
             ,
             p.
             397
             ,
             398
          
           
             Agathocles
             twice
             a
             banished
             man
             ,
             p.
             306
          
           
             Agathocles
             of
             a
             base
             original
             ,
             become
             tyrant
             of
             
               Sicily
               ,
               ibid.
            
             
          
           
             Agathocles
             took
             away
             all
             hope
             of
             flight
             by
             burning
             the
             ships
             ,
             p.
             313
          
           
             Agathocles
             his
             death
             ,
             p.
             322
          
           
             Agesilaus
             lame
             in
             one
             foot
             ,
             p.
             101
          
           
             Agis
             King
             of
             the
             Lacedemonians
             ,
             p.
             179
          
           
             Alcibiades
             of
             his
             own
             accord
             goes
             to
             banishment
             to
             Elis
             ,
             p.
             82
          
           
             Alcibiades
             his
             gallant
             courage
             ,
             wit
             ,
             and
             personage
             ,
             p.
             83
          
           
             Alcibiades
             called
             back
             from
             his
             command
             ,
             to
             answer
             for
             his
             prophaness
             ,
             p.
             81
          
           
             Alcibiades
             knew
             the
             wife
             of
             Agis
             ,
             p.
             83
          
           
             Alcibiades
             goes
             again
             into
             banishment
             ,
             p.
             88
          
           
             Alcibiades
             burned
             alive
             in
             his
             Chamber
             ,
             p.
             93
          
           
             Alexander
             demands
             of
             the
             Athenians
             their
             Orators
             and
             Captains
             ,
             p.
             158
          
           
             Alexander
             in
             many
             battels
             having
             overthrown
             the
             Persians
             ,
             doth
             put
             upon
             them
             the
             yoak
             of
             servitude
             ,
             p.
             274
          
           
             Alexander
             marryeth
             Statyra
             the
             daughter
             of
             Darius
             ,
             p.
             196
          
           
             Alexander
             would
             be
             worshipped
             as
             a
             God
             ,
             
             and
             be
             called
             the
             Son
             of
             
               Jupiter
               Hammon
            
             ,
             p.
             169
          
           
             Alexander
             the
             Great
             ,
             conspired
             against
             by
             
               Alexander
               Lyncestes
            
             ,
             p.
             161
          
           
             Alexander
             the
             revenger
             of
             his
             Fathers
             death
             ,
             p.
             153
          
           
             Alexander
             determined
             to
             die
             of
             hunger
             ,
             p.
             188
          
           
             Alexander
             given
             to
             Wine
             and
             Choler
             ,
             p.
             146
          
           
             Alexander
             grievously
             wounded
             ,
             p.
             195
          
           
             Alexander
             his
             dangerous
             feaver
             at
             the
             River
             Cydnus
             ,
             p.
             171
          
           
             Alexanders
             dead
             body
             to
             be
             convayed
             to
             Hammon
             ,
             by
             his
             own
             command
             ,
             p.
             202
          
           
             Alexander
             King
             of
             Epirus
             was
             dis-invested
             by
             Antigonus
             of
             his
             Kingdom
             ,
             p.
             354
          
           
             
               Alexander
               Caesar
            
             ,
             p.
             586
          
           
             Alexandria
             on
             Tanais
             builded
             by
             Alexander
             the
             Great
             ,
             p.
             140
          
           
             Alexandria
             in
             Aegypt
             builded
             by
             him
             ,
             p.
             169
          
           
             The
             Original
             of
             the
             Amazones
             ,
             p.
             30
          
           
             The
             coming
             of
             their
             Queen
             Thalestris
             to
             Alexander
             the
             Great
             ,
             p.
             33
          
           
             Amilco
             succeeded
             Hamilcar
             ,
             p.
             282
          
           
             Amilco
             killed
             himself
             ,
             p.
             285
          
           
             Amphitryo
             dedicated
             Athens
             to
             Minerva
             ,
             p.
             36
          
           
             
             The
             justice
             of
             Anaxilaus
             ,
             p.
             75
          
           
             Annabal
             made
             Captain
             before
             he
             was
             at
             mans
             estate
             ,
             p.
             372.
             
          
           
             Annibal
             sixteen
             years
             a
             Conqueror
             in
             Italy
             ,
             p.
             447
          
           
             Annibals
             policy
             to
             avoyd
             the
             envie
             and
             the
             danger
             that
             might
             attend
             his
             great
             wealth
             ,
             p.
             408.
             
          
           
             Annibals
             stratagem
             to
             overcome
             by
             Serpents
             ,
             p.
             409
          
           
             Annibals
             death
             by
             poyson
             ,
             ibid.
             
          
           
             
               Annibalianus
               Caesar
            
             ,
             p.
             590
          
           
             Antigonus
             killed
             by
             Sandrocottus
             ,
             p.
             243
          
           
             Antigonus
             threw
             the
             Diadem
             from
             him
             ,
             p.
             367
          
           
             Antigonus
             War
             with
             Perdiccas
             ,
             p.
             217
          
           
             Antiochus
             killed
             by
             the
             Parthians
             ,
             p.
             461
             ,
             462
          
           
             Antiochus
             overcome
             and
             slain
             in
             banishment
             ,
             p.
             362
          
           
             Antiochus
             overcome
             by
             the
             Romans
             ,
             p.
             401
          
           
             Antiochus
             suspected
             Hannibal
             ,
             p.
             392
          
           
             Antiochus
             restored
             his
             Son
             to
             Africanus
             ,
             p.
             397
          
           
             Antiochia
             builded
             by
             Seleucus
             ,
             p.
             242
          
           
             Antipater
             killeth
             his
             Mother
             Thessalonice
             ,
             p.
             245
          
           
             All
             the
             Family
             of
             Antipater
             extinguished
             ,
             p.
             248
          
           
             
             
               Antoninus
               Caesar
            
             the
             Pious
             ,
             p.
             558
          
           
             Appollo
             revenging
             himself
             against
             Brennus
             ,
             p.
             341
          
           
             
               Appius
               Claudius
            
             breaking
             the
             Peace
             with
             Pyrrhus
             ,
             p.
             266
          
           
             The
             use
             of
             Honey
             and
             Runnet
             found
             out
             by
             Aristaeus
             ,
             p
             220
          
           
             The
             Arabians
             weak
             and
             impotent
             ,
             473
          
           
             Abdolominus
             made
             King
             of
             Sidon
             from
             the
             lowest
             degree
             of
             Fortune
             ,
             167
          
           
             Archidamus
             Commander
             of
             the
             Lacedemonians
             ,
             wounded
             ,
             p.
             108
          
           
             The
             Argonauts
             ,
             p.
             407
             ,
             492
          
           
             The
             Argyraspides
             overcome
             by
             Antigonus
             ,
             p.
             227
          
           
             Aridaeus
             the
             Son
             of
             Philip
             raigneth
             in
             Macedonia
             ,
             p.
             156
          
           
             Aristides
             ,
             p.
             57
          
           
             Aristotimus
             the
             Tyrant
             of
             the
             Epirots
             ,
             his
             cruelty
             ,
             p.
             351
          
           
             Aristonicus
             overcome
             by
             the
             Consul
             Perpenna
             ,
             p.
             433
          
           
             Aristotle
             Tutor
             to
             Alexander
             the
             Great
             ,
             p.
             204
          
           
             The
             greatness
             of
             Armenia
             ,
             and
             description
             of
             it
             ,
             p.
             490
          
           
             Armenius
             the
             companion
             of
             Jason
             ,
             491
          
           
             Ascanius
             succeeded
             his
             Father
             Aeneas
             ,
             p.
             503
          
           
             
             Arsaces
             the
             common
             name
             of
             the
             Parthian
             Kings
             ,
             p
             484
          
           
             Arsacides
             his
             mercy
             to
             conquered
             Demetrius
             ,
             p.
             458
          
           
             Arsinoës
             departure
             into
             banishment
             ,
             p.
             332
          
           
             Artabanus
             killed
             Xerxes
             ,
             and
             he
             himself
             slain
             by
             Artaxerxes
             ,
             p
             ▪
             52
             ,
             53
          
           
             Artaxerxes
             had
             one
             hundred
             and
             fifteen
             Sons
             ,
             p.
             148
          
           
             Artemisia
             that
             memorable
             and
             gallant
             Queen
             ,
             p.
             51
          
           
             Arymbas
             made
             Laws
             for
             the
             Epirots
             ,
             p.
             260
          
           
             Asia
             the
             cause
             of
             many
             Wars
             ,
             reduced
             into
             the
             power
             of
             the
             people
             of
             Rome
             ,
             p.
             433
          
           
             Assyrians
             afterwards
             called
             Syrians
             ,
             how
             long
             they
             held
             the
             Empire
             ,
             p.
             6
          
           
             Astyages
             of
             a
             King
             made
             Governor
             of
             the
             Hyrcanians
             ,
             p.
             13
          
           
             Athens
             one
             of
             the
             eyes
             of
             Greece
             ,
             p.
             92
          
           
             Athis
             the
             daughter
             of
             Cranaus
             gave
             a
             name
             unto
             it
             ,
             p.
             36
          
           
             The
             Athenians
             hated
             by
             all
             men
             ,
             p.
             82
          
           
             The
             great
             wars
             of
             the
             Athenians
             with
             the
             Lacedemonians
             ,
             p.
             88
          
           
             The
             Athenians
             the
             inventors
             of
             Oyl
             ,
             Wine
             ,
             and
             the
             manufactures
             of
             Wooll
             ,
             p.
             36
          
           
             Attalus
             his
             Parricides
             ,
             and
             death
             ,
             p.
             431
          
           
             Attilius
             his
             war
             against
             Antiochus
             ,
             p.
             403
          
           
             
               Augustus
               Caesar
            
             his
             life
             and
             death
             ,
             p.
             526
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             
             
               Aurelian
               Caesar
            
             ,
             and
             his
             gorgeous
             habiliments
             ,
             p.
             578
          
        
         
           
             B
          
           
             BAbylon
             builded
             by
             Semiramis
             ,
             p.
             5
          
           
             Bactrians
             lose
             their
             liberty
             ,
             and
             all
             things
             ,
             p.
             485
          
           
             Barce
             builded
             by
             Alexander
             ,
             p.
             196
          
           
             Butti
             who
             so
             called
             ,
             p.
             219
          
           
             Belgius
             Commander
             of
             the
             Gauls
             ,
             p.
             334
          
           
             Beronice
             having
             revenged
             the
             wrong
             offered
             to
             her
             ,
             was
             killed
             by
             deceit
             ,
             p.
             358
          
           
             Bessus
             delivered
             by
             Alexander
             to
             the
             brother
             of
             Darius
             ,
             p.
             186
          
           
             The
             River
             Bilbilis
             in
             which
             the
             Spaniards
             dip
             their
             sleel
             ,
             p.
             518
          
           
             Bomilcar
             fastned
             to
             the
             Cross
             ,
             p.
             316
          
           
             Brennus
             Captain
             of
             the
             Gauls
             killed
             himself
             at
             Delphos
             ,
             p.
             341
          
           
             Brundusium
             builded
             by
             the
             Aetolians
             ,
             p.
             180
          
           
             The
             Brutians
             overthrew
             Alexander
             of
             Epirus
             ,
             p.
             181
          
           
             Bucephala
             builded
             by
             Alexander
             in
             the
             memory
             of
             his
             Horse
             so
             called
             ,
             p.
             192
          
           
             Byrsa
             the
             City
             of
             Carthage
             so
             called
             from
             the
             Hide
             of
             an
             Ox
             ,
             p.
             273
          
           
             Byzantium
             besieged
             by
             Pyrrhus
             ,
             p.
             134
          
        
         
           
           
             C
          
           
             CAepio
             the
             Roman
             Consul
             took
             away
             the
             Gold
             at
             Tholouzi
             ,
             p.
             406
          
           
             Caligula
             ,
             why
             so
             called
             ,
             p.
             533
          
           
             Calimander
             his
             faithfulness
             to
             Demetrius
             ,
             p.
             459
          
           
             Calisthenes
             the
             Philosopher
             his
             lamentable
             end
             ,
             because
             he
             would
             not
             adore
             Alexander
             the
             great
             ,
             p.
             190
          
           
             Cambyses
             demolished
             the
             Temple
             of
             Apis
             ,
             and
             his
             Army
             overwhelmed
             afterwards
             at
             the
             Temple
             of
             Hammon
             ,
             p.
             17
          
           
             Candaules
             King
             of
             the
             Lydians
             ,
             p.
             14
          
           
             The
             Cappadocians
             overcome
             by
             Perdiccas
             ,
             burns
             all
             their
             moveables
             ,
             with
             themselves
             ,
             p.
             216
          
           
             
               Caracalla
               Caesar
            
             ,
             p.
             567
          
           
             Caranus
             the
             first
             King
             of
             Macedonia
             ,
             by
             the
             Conduct
             and
             direction
             of
             Goats
             buildeth
             the
             City
             of
             Edyssa
             ,
             p.
             114
          
           
             Carthage
             builded
             before
             Rome
             seventy
             two
             years
             ,
             p.
             276
          
           
             The
             Carthaginians
             forbid
             to
             speak
             or
             write
             in
             Grerk
             ,
             p.
             295
          
           
             The
             Carthaginians
             war
             with
             the
             Sicilians
             ,
             p.
             75
          
           
             
             
               Carus
               Caesar
            
             ,
             p.
             580
          
           
             Cassander
             killeth
             Alexander
             with
             his
             Mother
             Arsinoe
             ,
             p.
             237
          
           
             Castor
             and
             Pollux
             propitious
             and
             present
             to
             the
             Locrensians
             ,
             p.
             289
          
           
             Cecrops
             King
             of
             the
             Athenians
             ,
             p.
             36
          
           
             Ceres
             her
             holy
             Mysteries
             ,
             p.
             81
          
           
             Caribdis
             that
             dangerous
             gulf
             ,
             p.
             74
          
           
             Chrestos
             killed
             by
             Mithridates
             ,
             p.
             450
          
           
             Chion
             and
             Leonides
             conspire
             against
             Clearchus
             ,
             p.
             254
          
           
             Cimon
             overcometh
             Xerxes
             by
             Sea
             and
             Land
             ,
             and
             his
             piety
             to
             his
             Father
             ,
             p.
             57
             ,
             58
          
           
             Civil
             war
             betwixt
             Caesar
             and
             Pompey
             ,
             p.
             494
          
           
             
               Claudius
               Tiberius
            
             ,
             p.
             531
          
           
             Claudius
             Caesar
             ,
             ibid.
             
          
           
             Clearchus
             banished
             amongst
             the
             Heraclians
             ,
             and
             his
             cruelty
             towards
             them
             ,
             p.
             255
          
           
             Cleopatra
             the
             daughter
             of
             Philip
             marrieth
             Alexander
             King
             of
             the
             Epirots
             ,
             p.
             141
          
           
             Cleopatra
             marryed
             her
             own
             brother
             Ptolomy
             ,
             and
             the
             execrable
             murders
             committed
             by
             him
             ,
             p.
             455
          
           
             Cleophis
             redeemed
             her
             Kingdom
             by
             yielding
             to
             the
             lust
             of
             Alexander
             ,
             p.
             191
          
           
             Clytus
             killed
             by
             Alexander
             ,
             p.
             187
          
           
             
               Cocceius
               Nerva
            
             ,
             p.
             550
          
           
             Codoman
             made
             Governor
             of
             the
             Armenians
             ,
             p.
             151
          
           
             
             Codrus
             the
             last
             King
             of
             the
             Athenians
             ,
             and
             his
             noble
             death
             ,
             p.
             37
          
           
             
               Commodus
               Caesar
            
             ,
             p.
             563
          
           
             Conon
             banished
             to
             Cyprus
             ,
             p.
             100
          
           
             
               Constans
               Caesar
            
             ,
             p.
             590
          
           
             
               Constantinus
               Caesar
            
             ,
             p.
             587
          
           
             Constantius
             Caesar
             ,
             ibid.
             
          
           
             Corcyra
             taken
             by
             Ptolomy
             ,
             p.
             347
          
           
             Corinth
             demolished
             ,
             p.
             417
          
           
             Crassus
             with
             all
             his
             Army
             overthrown
             by
             Horodes
             ,
             p.
             432
          
           
             Critias
             and
             Hippolochus
             their
             just
             deaths
             ,
             p.
             95
          
           
             Craesus
             King
             of
             the
             Lydians
             taken
             ,
             p.
             13
          
           
             Cyclops
             heretofore
             Inhabiting
             Sicily
             ,
             p.
             75
          
           
             Cynegyrus
             his
             great
             fortitude
             ,
             p.
             42
          
           
             The
             Cyprian
             Virgins
             provide
             them
             dowries
             by
             the
             prostitution
             of
             their
             bodies
             ,
             p.
             272
          
           
             Cyrini
             builded
             by
             Aristaeus
             ,
             p.
             219
          
           
             Cyricaenus
             killeth
             Gryphina
             ,
             p.
             470
          
           
             Cyrus
             maketh
             war
             on
             the
             Medes
             ,
             p.
             11
          
           
             Cyrus
             maketh
             war
             on
             the
             Sythians
             ,
             p.
             16
          
           
             Cyrus
             suckled
             by
             a
             Bitch
             ,
             p.
             8
          
           
             Cyrus
             destroyed
             by
             the
             Scythians
             with
             all
             his
             Army
             ,
             p.
             17
          
        
         
           
           
             D
          
           
             DAcians
             their
             Original
             from
             the
             Goths
             ,
             p.
             407
          
           
             Damascus
             a
             City
             of
             Syria
             ,
             p.
             427
          
           
             Darius
             his
             march
             against
             Lanthinus
             the
             Scythian
             ,
             and
             against
             the
             Athenians
             ,
             p.
             35
          
           
             Darius
             in
             a
             great
             overthrow
             flying
             from
             Alexander
             ,
             p.
             161
          
           
             Darius
             offers
             his
             daughter
             in
             marriage
             to
             him
             ,
             p.
             170
          
           
             Darius
             bound
             by
             his
             own
             men
             in
             golden
             chains
             ,
             p.
             274
          
           
             Darius
             Mother
             ,
             Wife
             and
             Daughters
             taken
             Captive
             ,
             p.
             166
          
           
             Darius
             (
             another
             of
             that
             name
             )
             made
             King
             by
             the
             neighing
             of
             his
             Horse
             ,
             p.
             20
          
           
             
               Decius
               Caesar
            
             ,
             p.
             573
          
           
             Diadamia
             the
             daughter
             of
             Aeacides
             ,
             p.
             233
          
           
             Delphos
             Temple
             ,
             the
             description
             of
             it
             ,
             p.
             337
          
           
             Delos
             the
             Treasury
             of
             Greece
             ,
             p.
             68
          
           
             Demaratus
             King
             of
             the
             Lacedemonians
             ,
             p.
             44
          
           
             Demetrius
             is
             slain
             ,
             p.
             356
          
           
             Demetrius
             King
             of
             Epirus
             dyeth
             ,
             p.
             367
          
           
             Demetrius
             delivereth
             himself
             to
             Seleucus
             ,
             p.
             248
          
           
             
             Demetrius
             fighting
             against
             the
             Parthians
             ,
             is
             taken
             ,
             p.
             426
          
           
             Demetrius
             unsuccess
             of
             all
             war
             against
             the
             Jews
             ,
             p.
             427
          
           
             Demophoon
             the
             Son
             of
             Thesius
             ,
             p.
             37
          
           
             Demosthenes
             kills
             himself
             ,
             p.
             80
          
           
             Demosthenes
             corrupted
             by
             the
             Persians
             ,
             p.
             154
          
           
             Deucalion
             wherefore
             believed
             to
             have
             restored
             mankinde
             ,
             p.
             36
          
           
             
               Diadumenus
               Caesar
            
             ,
             p.
             568
          
           
             Didius
             Julian
             Caesar
             ,
             
               p.
               565
            
          
           
             Dido
             worshipped
             for
             a
             Goddess
             ,
             p.
             275
          
           
             The
             deluge
             in
             the
             time
             of
             Amphitryo
             ,
             p.
             36
          
           
             
               Dindimean
               Jupiter
            
             plundred
             by
             Antiochus
             ,
             p.
             403
          
           
             
               Dioclesian
               Caesar
            
             refused
             at
             first
             the
             Empire
             ,
             p.
             581
          
           
             Dionysius
             teaching
             a
             School
             at
             Corinth
             ,
             p.
             302
          
           
             Dionysius
             the
             Tyrant
             killed
             by
             Treachery
             ,
             p.
             295
          
           
             Dionysius
             his
             parricides
             and
             perfidiousness
             ,
             p.
             297
          
           
             Domitian
             ,
             p.
             548
          
           
             
               Domitius
               Nero
            
             defiles
             his
             own
             mother
             ,
             p.
             538
          
        
         
           
           
             E
          
           
             EPaminondas
             his
             moderation
             ,
             learning
             ,
             valour
             and
             death
             ,
             p.
             110
             ,
             111
          
           
             Ephesus
             builded
             by
             the
             Amazons
             ,
             p.
             31
          
           
             Ephestion
             most
             dear
             to
             Alexander
             ,
             p.
             199
          
           
             Epigoni
             their
             original
             ,
             p.
             185
          
           
             Epirus
             the
             original
             of
             it
             ,
             &c.
             p.
             199
          
           
             Evagorus
             King
             of
             Cyprus
             ,
             p.
             90
          
           
             Evander
             his
             coming
             into
             Italy
             ,
             p.
             501
          
           
             Eviratedes
             slain
             by
             his
             own
             Son
             ,
             p.
             486
          
           
             Eumenes
             overcome
             by
             Antigonus
             ,
             p.
             225
          
           
             Europus
             raigned
             in
             Europia
             ,
             p.
             114
          
           
             Eurydice
             her
             parricide
             ,
             p.
             119
          
           
             Eurymedon
             Captain
             of
             the
             Athenians
             ,
             p.
             79
          
        
         
           
             F
          
           
             
               Fabricius
               Lacinus
            
             makes
             peace
             with
             Pyrrhus
             ,
             p.
             266
          
           
             Fatua
             the
             wife
             of
             Faunus
             ,
             p.
             502
          
           
             Faunus
             King
             of
             Italy
             ,
             p.
             81
          
           
             Faustulus
             the
             Kings
             shepheard
             ,
             p.
             504
          
           
             
               Florianus
               Caesar
            
             ,
             p.
             579
          
           
             Flaminius
             overcame
             the
             Macedons
             ,
             p.
             384
          
           
             Flaminius
             in
             two
             battels
             overcame
             Nabis
             ,
             p.
             389
          
        
         
           
           
             G
          
           
             GAlerius
             Maximinian
             Caesar
             ,
             
               p.
               583
            
          
           
             Galerius
             Armentarius
             Caesar
             ,
             
               p.
               585
            
          
           
             
               Galerius
               Maximinus
            
             ,
             p.
             586
          
           
             
               Gallienus
               Caesar
            
             ,
             p.
             575
          
           
             
               Gallus
               Caesar
            
             ,
             p.
             573
          
           
             The
             Gauls
             ,
             deriving
             their
             humanity
             from
             whom
             ,
             p.
             507
          
           
             Gyptis
             her
             strange
             marriage
             ,
             p.
             506
          
           
             The
             Gauls
             invade
             Italy
             ,
             and
             possess
             themselves
             of
             Rome
             ,
             p.
             332
          
           
             The
             Gauls
             overcome
             the
             Macedons
             ,
             p.
             334
          
           
             The
             Gauls
             Army
             utterly
             destroyed
             ,
             p.
             341
          
           
             Gallo-graecia
             from
             whence
             so
             called
             ,
             p.
             345
          
           
             Gargoris
             the
             most
             antient
             King
             of
             the
             Spaniards
             ,
             first
             found
             out
             the
             use
             of
             Honey
             ,
             p.
             518
          
           
             Geryon
             wherefore
             reported
             to
             have
             three
             bodies
             ,
             p.
             521
          
           
             Gobrias
             his
             gallant
             Atchievement
             ,
             p.
             19
          
           
             
               Gordianus
               Caesar
            
             ,
             p.
             571
          
           
             Gordius
             made
             King
             ,
             p.
             162
             ,
             his
             plough
             ,
             p.
             163
             ,
             and
             the
             ends
             of
             his
             Cord
             discovered
             by
             the
             sword
             of
             
               Alexander
               ,
               ibid.
            
             
          
           
             
               Gratianus
               Caesar
            
             ,
             p.
             601
          
           
             Gryphus
             so
             called
             by
             reason
             of
             his
             nose
             ,
             p.
             469
             his
             forcing
             his
             mother
             to
             drink
             that
             poyson
             which
             was
             prepared
             for
             him
             ,
             p.
             467
          
           
             
             Gryphina
             her
             cruelty
             470
             ,
             her
             death
             ,
             ibid.
             and
             the
             just
             death
             of
             Cleopatra
             by
             her
             youngest
             Son
             Alexander
             ,
             p.
             471
          
           
             Gyges
             ,
             p.
             15
          
           
             Gylippus
             his
             Victories
             in
             Sicily
             ,
             p.
             78
          
        
         
           
             H
          
           
             HAbis
             first
             taught
             the
             Spaniards
             the
             use
             of
             the
             plough
             ,
             p.
             520
          
           
             Hamilcar
             wickedly
             killed
             by
             the
             Carthaginians
             ,
             p.
             304
          
           
             Hamilcar
             (
             another
             of
             that
             name
             )
             killed
             in
             Sicily
             ,
             p.
             282
          
           
             Hanno
             his
             great
             treachery
             and
             grievous
             punishment
             ,
             p.
             301
          
           
             Harpagus
             ,
             p.
             8
          
           
             Helenus
             the
             Son
             of
             Priamus
             ,
             p.
             260
          
           
             
               Helvius
               Pertinax
            
             ,
             p.
             564
          
           
             
               Heliogabulus
               Caesar
            
             ,
             p.
             569
          
           
             Heraclea
             the
             Seat
             of
             Tyrants
             ,
             p.
             255
          
           
             Hercules
             overthrew
             the
             Amazons
             ,
             p.
             32
          
           
             Hercules
             and
             Bacohus
             the
             first
             Conquerors
             of
             the
             East
             ,
             p.
             492
          
           
             Hercylides
             ,
             p.
             99
          
           
             Hiarbas
             King
             of
             Mauritania
             ,
             p.
             274
          
           
             Hierotimus
             had
             six
             hundred
             Sons
             ,
             p.
             473
          
           
             The
             description
             of
             Hiericho
             ,
             commonly
             called
             Jericho
             ,
             p.
             430
          
           
             
             Hiero
             nourished
             by
             Bees
             ,
             afterwards
             made
             King
             ,
             p.
             325
          
           
             Hippias
             the
             Tyrant
             of
             Athens
             killed
             ,
             p.
             42
          
           
             Hippolyte
             marryed
             by
             Theseus
             ,
             p.
             32
          
        
         
           
             I
          
           
             IAson
             in
             the
             East
             worshipped
             as
             a
             God
             ,
             p.
             492
          
           
             His
             expeditions
             with
             the
             Argonauts
             into
             Colchos
             ,
             p.
             491
          
           
             Iberia
             called
             Spain
             from
             the
             River
             Iberus
             ,
             p.
             513
          
           
             Joseph
             preserved
             Aegypt
             from
             Famine
             ,
             p.
             428
          
           
             Joseph
             sold
             by
             his
             Brethren
             ,
             ibid.
             
          
           
             Joseph
             an
             infallible
             Interpreter
             of
             Dreams
             ,
             ibid.
             
          
           
             Jovinian
             the
             Emperor
             ,
             p.
             598
          
           
             Israel
             had
             ten
             Sons
             ,
             p.
             427
          
           
             Istrians
             their
             Original
             ,
             p.
             407
          
           
             Italy
             called
             Saturnia
             ,
             p.
             501
          
           
             
               Julian
               Caesaer
            
             ,
             p.
             595
          
           
             
             The
             Jews
             their
             Original
             ,
             p.
             428
          
        
         
           
             L
          
           
             LAcedemonians
             overcome
             by
             the
             Athenians
             ,
             p.
             70
             ,
             71
          
           
             The
             Ledemonians
             Commonwealth
             ,
             What
             ?
             p.
             62
             ,
             63
          
           
             Lamachus
             slain
             by
             Gylippus
             ,
             p.
             78
          
           
             Lampedo
             and
             Marthesia
             Queens
             of
             the
             Amazons
             ,
             p.
             31
          
           
             Laodice
             killed
             five
             of
             her
             Sons
             ,
             p.
             435
          
           
             The
             Latins
             founded
             by
             Aeneas
             ,
             p.
             287
          
           
             Leonidas
             his
             death
             and
             fortitude
             ,
             p
             47
             ,
             48
          
           
             Leosthenes
             General
             of
             the
             Athenians
             is
             slain
             ,
             p.
             215
          
           
             The
             Law
             being
             the
             Act
             of
             Oblivion
             for
             facts
             committed
             in
             the
             time
             of
             War
             ,
             first
             instituted
             by
             the
             Athenians
             ,
             p.
             96
          
           
             Litterature
             had
             her
             Temple
             at
             Athens
             ,
             p.
             36
          
           
             Lucanians
             their
             Original
             ,
             p.
             319
          
           
             Lupercus
             the
             same
             with
             Pan
             and
             Lycaus
             ,
             p.
             501
          
           
             Lycurgus
             King
             of
             the
             Spartans
             ,
             p.
             371
          
           
             Lycurgus
             Laws
             ,
             p.
             62
          
           
             Lysander
             General
             of
             the
             Lacedemonians
             ,
             p.
             88
          
           
             Lysimachus
             poysoneth
             his
             Son
             Agathocles
             ,
             p.
             257
          
           
             Lysimachus
             ,
             another
             of
             that
             name
             ,
             killed
             
             his
             Son-in-law
             Antipater
             ,
             p.
             248
          
           
             Lysimachus
             ,
             the
             best
             of
             that
             name
             ,
             objected
             to
             a
             Lyon
             rampant
             with
             rage
             and
             hunger
             ,
             p.
             240
          
        
         
           
             M
          
           
             MAcedonia
             subjected
             to
             the
             Roman
             Empire
             ,
             p.
             415
          
           
             Machaeus
             crucified
             by
             his
             own
             Father
             ,
             p.
             278
          
           
             Mago
             made
             General
             of
             the
             Carthaginians
             ,
             p.
             279
          
           
             The
             Magi
             put
             to
             death
             ,
             p.
             19
          
           
             The
             Marathonian
             field
             ,
             p.
             41
          
           
             Marchus
             Antonius
             Caesar
             ,
             
               p.
               561
            
          
           
             
               Marcus
               Cato
            
             his
             undanted
             gallantry
             ,
             p.
             413
          
           
             Mardonius
             overcome
             ,
             p.
             54
          
           
             Massilea
             builded
             by
             the
             Phocensians
             ,
             p.
             505
          
           
             Their
             Institutions
             ,
             507.
             
             Their
             love
             to
             the
             Romans
             ,
             p.
             511
          
           
             Matrimonies
             true
             Ornaments
             is
             modesty
             and
             shamefac'dness
             ,
             and
             not
             gorgeous
             apparel
             ,
             p.
             292
          
           
             Matheus
             King
             of
             the
             Scythians
             his
             policy
             ,
             p.
             135
          
           
             Maxentius
             made
             Emperor
             ,
             p.
             583
          
           
             The
             City
             Medaea
             builded
             by
             Medaea
             ,
             the
             
             wife
             of
             Jason
             ,
             p.
             493
          
           
             Millain
             builded
             by
             the
             Gauls
             ,
             p.
             294
          
           
             The
             Empire
             of
             the
             Medes
             continued
             ,
             350
             years
             ,
             p.
             13
          
           
             Mergis
             slain
             by
             Magus
             ,
             p.
             18
          
           
             The
             Messenians
             overcome
             by
             treachery
             ,
             p.
             66
          
           
             Midas
             instructed
             by
             Orpheus
             ,
             filled
             all
             Phrygia
             with
             superstition
             and
             Ceremonies
             ,
             p.
             163
          
           
             Miltiades
             general
             of
             the
             Athenians
             ,
             p.
             41
          
           
             Mithridates
             war
             against
             the
             Romans
             for
             the
             space
             of
             six
             and
             forty
             years
             ,
             435.
             
             His
             parricides
             ,
             440.
             
             His
             excellent
             Speech
             to
             encourage
             the
             Romans
             to
             the
             war
             ,
             p.
             446
          
           
             Moses
             possessed
             himself
             of
             Mount
             Sinai
             ,
             p.
             429
          
           
             Mummius
             the
             Roman
             General
             overthroweth
             the
             Achaians
             ,
             p.
             417
          
        
         
           
             N
          
           
             NEoptolomur
             killed
             by
             Eumenes
             ,
             p.
             221
          
           
             Niceas
             taken
             by
             the
             Lecedemonians
             ,
             p.
             80
          
           
             Ninus
             first
             made
             war
             on
             his
             neighbours
             ,
             p.
             4
          
           
             He
             overcame
             all
             the
             East
             ,
             ibid.
             
          
           
             Nisa
             the
             place
             where
             Bacchus
             was
             worshipped
             ,
             p.
             190
          
           
             
             Numitor
             and
             Amulius
             ,
             p.
             503
          
        
         
           
             O
          
           
             OCtavius
             takes
             Perseus
             with
             his
             two
             sons
             ,
             p.
             413
          
           
             Olympias
             guilty
             of
             her
             husband
             Philips
             death
             ,
             144.
             
             Her
             great
             fortitude
             at
             her
             death
             ,
             p.
             234
          
           
             Olinthus
             sacked
             by
             Mardonius
             ,
             p.
             53
          
           
             Orthanes
             ,
             p.
             18
          
           
             
               Otho
               Salvius
            
             ,
             p.
             540
          
           
             Ovid
             banished
             by
             
               Augustus
               Caesar
            
             ,
             p.
             529
          
        
         
           
             P
          
           
             PArmenio
             and
             Philotas
             killed
             by
             Alexander
             ,
             p.
             185
          
           
             Parnassus
             Hill
             ,
             p.
             336
          
           
             The
             Parthians
             took
             Pompeys
             part
             .
             p.
             497
          
           
             The
             Parthians
             war
             with
             the
             Romans
             ,
             p.
             495
          
           
             The
             Parthian
             Kings
             commonly
             parricides
             ,
             p.
             496
          
           
             Pacorus
             slain
             by
             the
             Romans
             ,
             and
             his
             Fathers
             immoderate
             lamentation
             for
             him
             ,
             ibid.
             
          
           
             The
             Parthians
             Original
             and
             Name
             ,
             p.
             477
          
           
             Pausanias
             affecting
             the
             Kingdom
             ,
             was
             condemned
             ,
             p.
             57
          
           
             
             Pausanias
             ,
             another
             of
             that
             name
             ,
             killed
             King
             Philip
             ,
             p.
             142
          
           
             Perdiccas
             his
             undaunted
             courage
             ,
             p.
             211
          
           
             Pericles
             gives
             his
             Fields
             to
             the
             Common-wealth
             ,
             p.
             70
          
           
             The
             Persians
             adore
             their
             Kings
             ,
             p.
             102
          
           
             The
             Persians
             God
             is
             the
             Sun
             ,
             p.
             20
          
           
             The
             end
             of
             the
             Persian
             Empire
             under
             Codeman
             ,
             p.
             151
          
           
             
               Pertinax
               Caesar
            
             called
             the
             Tennis
             Ball
             of
             Fortune
             ,
             p.
             564
          
           
             Phalantus
             love
             to
             his
             own
             people
             ,
             p.
             66
          
           
             Philip
             of
             Macedonia
             marryeth
             Olympias
             ,
             p.
             122
          
           
             Philips
             perfidiousness
             and
             sacriledge
             ,
             p.
             127
          
           
             Philomenes
             overcame
             the
             Thebans
             ,
             p.
             125
          
           
             Ptolomy
             called
             Philopater
             ,
             and
             wherefore
             ,
             p.
             371
          
           
             Philopaemenes
             general
             of
             the
             Achaians
             taken
             ,
             p.
             402
          
           
             The
             Phocensians
             seise
             upon
             the
             Temple
             at
             Delphos
             ,
             p.
             124
          
           
             A
             Phoenix
             seen
             in
             Aegypt
             ,
             p.
             537
          
           
             Phrahartes
             his
             parricides
             ,
             p.
             496
             ,
             497
          
           
             Phrahartes
             driven
             into
             banishment
             by
             the
             the
             people
             ,
             p.
             497
          
           
             Pisistratus
             ruleth
             at
             Athens
             ,
             p.
             40
          
           
             Polipercon
             slain
             ▪
             p.
             221
          
           
             Popilius
             with
             a
             rod
             in
             his
             hand
             doth
             circumscribe
             
             Antiochus
             ,
             418
          
           
             Porus
             King
             of
             the
             Indians
             taken
             ,
             p.
             192
          
           
             
               Probus
               Caesar
            
             ,
             p.
             580
          
           
             
               Philip
               Caesar
            
             ,
             p.
             572
          
           
             Prusias
             attempting
             to
             kill
             his
             Son
             ,
             was
             killed
             killed
             by
             him
             ,
             p.
             420
          
           
             Ptolomy
             the
             Son
             of
             Pyrhus
             utterly
             overthroweth
             Antigonus
             ,
             p.
             346
          
           
             Antigonus
             slain
             ,
             p.
             348
          
           
             The
             great
             Praise
             of
             Pyrhus
             Father
             to
             
               Antigonus
               ,
               ibid.
            
             
          
           
             Ptolomy
             the
             elder
             flyeth
             from
             his
             Kingdom
             of
             Aegypt
             to
             Alexandria
             ,
             to
             his
             brother
             Ptolomy
             the
             younger
             ,
             p.
             418
          
           
             Promptalus
             out
             of
             a
             sordid
             stock
             and
             fortune
             chosen
             King
             ▪
             p.
             422
          
           
             The
             great
             luxury
             of
             Ptolomy
             of
             Egypt
             ,
             p.
             379
          
           
             The
             parricide
             of
             the
             Ptolomies
             ,
             p.
             331
             ,
             455
          
           
             Pigmalion
             killeth
             his
             Uncle
             Sichaeus
             ,
             p.
             270
          
           
             The
             Pyrenaean
             Mountains
             ,
             p.
             514
          
           
             Pyrhus
             first
             of
             all
             brought
             Elephants
             into
             Italy
             ,
             264.
             
             His
             overthrowing
             the
             Roman
             Army
             ,
             ibid.
             
          
           
             Pyrhus
             the
             Son
             of
             Achilles
             killed
             by
             Orestes
             ,
             p.
             269
          
           
             Pyrhus
             slain
             by
             a
             stone
             from
             the
             wall
             of
             his
             Enemies
             ,
             p.
             348
          
           
             Pythagoras
             bred
             up
             in
             the
             learning
             of
             the
             Egyptians
             ,
             291.
             
             Pythagoras
             house
             esteemed
             
             as
             a
             Temple
             ,
             p.
             293
          
        
         
           
             Q
          
           
             
               QVintilius
               Caesar
            
             ,
             p.
             557
          
        
         
           
             R
          
           
             REligion
             protecteth
             better
             then
             Arms
             ,
             p.
             164
          
           
             Rhea
             a
             Vestal
             Virgin
             ,
             p.
             503
          
           
             Romulus
             and
             Remus
             nourished
             by
             a
             shee
             Wolf
             ,
             ibid.
             
          
           
             Rome
             builded
             by
             Romulus
             ,
             p.
             505
          
           
             The
             Romans
             would
             destroy
             Annibal
             by
             treachery
             ,
             388.
             
             The
             Arts
             of
             the
             Romans
             ,
             and
             how
             they
             did
             arise
             unto
             the
             Soveraignty
             of
             the
             world
             ,
             is
             excellently
             described
             in
             that
             speech
             of
             Mtthridates
             in
             the
             eight
             and
             thirtieth
             Book
             of
             this
             History
             .
          
           
             Roxane
             with
             her
             Son
             killed
             by
             Cassander
             ,
             p.
             237
          
        
         
           
             S
          
           
             THe
             Sabbath
             ,
             and
             the
             Religion
             of
             the
             Day
             amongst
             the
             Jews
             ,
             429.
             
             Sandracottus
             from
             a
             mean
             Original
             advanced
             to
             the
             height
             of
             regal
             Majesty
             ,
             p.
             242
          
           
             Sardanapalus
             his
             effeminate
             life
             ,
             and
             manly
             
             death
             ,
             p.
             6.
             7
          
           
             The
             Scipioes
             accustomed
             to
             overcome
             the
             Carthaginians
             ,
             p.
             396
          
           
             Scylla
             and
             Charibdis
             ,
             p.
             74
          
           
             The
             Scythians
             the
             most
             antient
             of
             all
             Nations
             ,
             26.
             
             They
             founded
             the
             Parthian
             and
             Bactrian
             Kingdoms
             ,
             28.
             
             They
             subdued
             Asia
             ,
             31.
             
             And
             were
             subdued
             themselves
             by
             Alexander
             the
             Great
             ,
             p.
             186
          
           
             Seleucus
             and
             his
             Posterity
             after
             him
             had
             all
             the
             sign
             of
             an
             Anchor
             on
             their
             thighs
             ,
             p.
             241
          
           
             Seleucus
             slain
             by
             the
             treachery
             of
             Ptolomy
             ,
             p.
             258
          
           
             Seleucus
             (
             another
             of
             that
             name
             )
             slain
             by
             his
             own
             mother
             ,
             p.
             465
          
           
             Seleucus
             (
             another
             of
             that
             Name
             )
             killed
             by
             a
             fall
             from
             his
             horse
             ,
             p.
             362
          
           
             Semiramis
             killed
             by
             her
             own
             Son
             ,
             p.
             6
          
           
             
               Severus
               Caesar
            
             ,
             p.
             570
          
           
             
               Sergius
               Galba
            
             ,
             p.
             539
          
           
             
               Septimius
               Severus
            
             ,
             p.
             566
          
           
             Sicily
             ,
             the
             Description
             of
             it
             ,
             73.
             
             No
             Land
             more
             fruitful
             of
             Tyrants
             ,
             p.
             75
          
           
             Sidon
             so
             called
             ,
             from
             the
             abundance
             of
             fish
             ,
             p.
             267
          
           
             
               Silvanus
               Caesar
            
             ,
             p.
             593
          
           
             Solons
             Laws
             ,
             p.
             38
          
           
             Sophocles
             a
             Writer
             of
             Tragedies
             ,
             the
             General
             
             of
             the
             Athenians
             ,
             p.
             69
          
           
             Sosthenes
             defends
             the
             Macedons
             against
             the
             Gauls
             ,
             p.
             335
          
           
             The
             courage
             of
             the
             women
             of
             Sparta
             ,
             p.
             347
          
           
             Strato
             King
             of
             the
             Tyrians
             ,
             p.
             268
          
           
             Sulpitius
             fights
             against
             Perseus
             ,
             p.
             412
          
           
             Sybares
             is
             by
             Cyrus
             made
             Governour
             of
             the
             Persians
             ,
             p.
             13
          
           
             The
             Syrian
             Kings
             derive
             their
             Original
             from
             Semiramis
             ,
             p.
             427
          
        
         
           
             T
          
           
             
               TAcitus
               Caesar
            
             ,
             p.
             579
          
           
             Tanais
             King
             of
             the
             Scythians
             ,
             p.
             4
          
           
             The
             Tarentins
             descended
             from
             the
             Lacedemonians
             ,
             p.
             288
          
           
             
               Theodosius
               Caesar
            
             ,
             p.
             602
          
           
             Thrasibulus
             overcame
             the
             Tyrants
             ,
             p.
             95
          
           
             Tigranes
             overcome
             by
             Lucullus
             ,
             p.
             475
          
           
             Tygris
             a
             River
             in
             Armenia
             ,
             p.
             493
          
           
             In
             what
             place
             the
             Gyants
             made
             their
             war
             against
             Heaven
             ,
             p.
             518
          
           
             
               Titus
               Vespasian
            
             ,
             p.
             545
          
           
             Trajan
             the
             Emperor
             ,
             p.
             553
          
           
             
               Titus
               Vespasian
            
             ,
             the
             Father
             of
             
               Titus
               Vespasian
            
             ,
             p.
             542
          
           
             The
             Drum
             called
             in
             Latin
             Tympanum
             ,
             the
             
             sign
             of
             fight
             amongst
             the
             Parthians
             ,
             p.
             480
          
           
             The
             Athenian
             Tyrants
             slain
             ,
             p.
             96
          
           
             Tyrus
             a
             City
             famous
             before
             the
             destruction
             of
             Troy
             ,
             267.
             
             Tyrus
             being
             taken
             by
             Alexander
             ,
             the
             Citizens
             were
             all
             fastned
             to
             the
             Cross
             ,
             and
             the
             reason
             of
             it
             ,
             p.
             269
          
           
             Triptolemus
             found
             out
             the
             use
             of
             corn
             ,
             p.
             36
          
           
             Tyrtaeus
             the
             lame
             Poet
             ,
             with
             his
             Verses
             ,
             incenseth
             the
             Lacedemonians
             to
             the
             war
             ,
             p.
             67
          
           
             Tyssaphernes
             the
             Leiutenant
             of
             Darius
             ,
             p.
             83
          
           
             Theramenes
             killed
             ,
             p.
             93
          
           
             Turnus
             slain
             by
             Aeneas
             ,
             p.
             502
          
           
             Thomyris
             Queen
             of
             the
             Scythians
             overthrew
             Cyrus
             ,
             p.
             16
          
        
         
           
             V
          
           
             
               VAlentinian
               Caesar
            
             ,
             p.
             598
          
           
             
               Valens
               Caesar
            
             ,
             p.
             600
          
           
             
               Valerius
               Levinus
            
             overcome
             by
             Pyrhus
             ,
             p.
             264
          
           
             The
             Venetians
             descended
             of
             the
             Trojans
             ,
             p.
             287
          
           
             Ventidius
             his
             two
             first
             happy
             encounters
             against
             the
             Parthians
             ,
             p.
             495
          
           
             
             Virgil
             beloved
             by
             Augustus
             ,
             p.
             528
          
           
             Verona
             builded
             by
             the
             Gauls
             ,
             294.
             
             So
             was
             also
             
               Vincentia
               ,
               ibid.
            
             
          
           
             Virus
             Gallus
             Caesar
             ,
             
               p.
               573
            
          
           
             Vexores
             King
             of
             Aegypt
             ,
             p.
             4
          
           
             Virgins
             to
             marry
             without
             portions
             by
             Licurgus
             Law
             ,
             p.
             63
          
        
         
           
             X
          
           
             XErxes
             made
             King
             ,
             p.
             44
          
           
             Xerxes
             beaten
             at
             Thermopylae
             by
             Leonidas
             ,
             p.
             48
          
           
             Xerxes
             burned
             Athens
             ,
             p.
             49
          
           
             Xerxes
             makes
             war
             with
             the
             Gods
             ,
             p.
             49
          
           
             Xerxes
             first
             of
             all
             subdued
             the
             Jews
             ,
             p.
             430
             431
          
           
             Xerxes
             flying
             from
             Greece
             in
             a
             Fishers-boat
             ,
             p.
             52
          
        
         
           
           
             Z
          
           
             ZOpyrus
             ,
             his
             memorable
             Act
             ,
             p.
             21
          
           
             Zopyron
             the
             Lieuteant
             of
             Alexander
             the
             great
             ,
             utterly
             overthrown
             by
             the
             Scythians
             ,
             p.
             182
          
           
             Zoroastres
             found
             out
             the
             Art
             of
             Magick
             ,
             p.
             4.
             
             He
             was
             King
             of
             the
             Bactrians
             ,
             and
             overcome
             and
             slain
             by
             
               Ninus
               ,
               ibid.
            
             
          
        
         
           The
           End
           of
           the
           Table
           .
        
      
       
         
         
         
           Errata
           .
        
         
           THe
           Errors
           committed
           in
           the
           Press
           may
           be
           thus
           corrected
           ,
           p.
           13
           ,
           l.
           21
           ,
           r.
           
             back
             into
          
           ,
           p.
           15
           ,
           l.
           3
           ,
           r.
           
             he
             shewed
          
           ,
           p.
           26
           ,
           l.
           11
           ,
           blot
           out
           either
           ,
           p.
           30
           ,
           l.
           6
           ,
           r.
           the
           ,
           p.
           31
           ,
           l.
           2
           ,
           r.
           whence
           ,
           p.
           38
           ,
           l.
           28
           ,
           r.
           nightly
           ,
           p.
           41
           ,
           l.
           19
           ,
           r.
           
             Author
             of
             not
          
           ,
           p.
           47
           ,
           l.
           13
           ,
           r.
           
             stood
             to
             it
          
           ,
           p.
           51
           ,
           l.
           15
           ,
           r.
           taken
           ,
           p.
           65
           ,
           l.
           1
           ,
           blot
           out
           they
           ,
           p.
           78
           ,
           l.
           8
           ,
           r.
           that
           ,
           p.
           88
           ,
           l.
           25
           ,
           r.
           that
           ,
           p.
           91
           ,
           l.
           16
           ,
           r.
           houses
           ,
           p.
           115
           ,
           l.
           12
           ,
           r.
           
             in
             the
             same
          
           ,
           l.
           17
           ,
           r.
           Sepulture
           ,
           p.
           122
           ,
           l.
           14
           ,
           blot
           out
           now
           ,
           p.
           145
           ,
           r.
           him
           ,
           p.
           46
           ,
           l.
           4
           ,
           r.
           
             joyed
             in
          
           ,
           p.
           148
           ,
           l.
           2
           ,
           r.
           
             one
             hundred
             and
             fifteen
          
           ,
           p.
           162
           ,
           l.
           25
           ,
           blot
           out
           and
           ,
           p.
           165
           ,
           l.
           24
           ,
           blot
           out
           
             of
             it
          
           ,
           p.
           166
           ,
           l.
           9
           ,
           r.
           whom
           ,
           p.
           174
           ,
           l.
           25
           ,
           r.
           
             gave
             him
             his
          
           ,
           p.
           180
           ,
           l.
           20
           ,
           r.
           home
           ,
           p.
           193
           ,
           l.
           9
           ,
           blot
           out
           
             their
             bodies
          
           ,
           p.
           200
           ,
           l.
           15
           ,
           r.
           Bouze
           .
           p.
           207
           ,
           l.
           2
           ,
           r.
           lament
           ,
           l.
           6
           ,
           r.
           
             lived
             until
             that
          
           ,
           p.
           220
           ,
           l.
           13
           ,
           r.
           big
           ,
           p.
           252
           ,
           l.
           25
           ,
           blot
           out
           in
           ,
           p.
           292
           ,
           l.
           16
           ,
           blot
           out
           both
           ,
           p.
           318
           ,
           l.
           19
           ,
           r.
           pursued
           ,
           p.
           321
           ,
           l.
           28
           ,
           r.
           least
           ,
           p.
           322
           ,
           l.
           24
           ,
           r.
           
             standers
             by
          
           ,
           p.
           329
           ,
           l.
           10
           ,
           r.
           Court
           ,
           p.
           331
           ,
           l.
           26
           ,
           blot
           out
           and
           ,
           p.
           339
           ,
           l.
           22
           ,
           r.
           begin
           ,
           p.
           340
           ,
           l.
           8
           ,
           blot
           out
           laughing
           ,
           p.
           345
           ,
           l.
           7
           ,
           r.
           Kings
           ,
           p.
           351
           ,
           l.
           28
           ,
           r.
           
             of
             his
             age
          
           ,
           p.
           353
           ,
           l.
           19
           ,
           r.
           this
           ,
           p.
           358
           ,
           l.
           25
           ,
           r.
           
             so
             much
          
           ,
           p.
           359
           ,
           l.
           17
           ,
           r.
           vanquished
           ,
           p.
           360
           ,
           l.
           30
           ,
           r.
           and
           ,
           p.
           365
           ,
           l.
           19
           ,
           r.
           
             they
             proceeded
          
           ,
           p.
           365
           ,
           l.
           26
           ,
           r.
           mortar
           ,
           p.
           372
           ,
           l.
           22
           ,
           r.
           
             round
             about
          
           ,
           p.
           375
           ,
           l.
           6
           ,
           blot
           out
           howsoever
           ,
           p.
           397
           ,
           l.
           15
           ,
           r.
           benefits
           ,
           p.
           409
           ,
           l.
           5
           ,
           r.
           stowed
           ,
           p.
           414
           ,
           l.
           8
           ,
           blot
           out
           hardly
           ,
           p.
           445
           ,
           l.
           4
           ,
           blot
           out
           both
           ,
           p.
           447
           ,
           l.
           1
           ,
           blot
           out
           that
           ,
           ibid.
           r.
           
             for
             they
          
           ,
           p.
           447
           ,
           l.
           2
           ,
           blot
           out
           who
           ,
           p.
           448
           ,
           l.
           6
           ,
           r.
           
             then
             those
             who
             have
          
           ,
           p.
           455
           ,
           l.
           13
           ,
           r.
           
             but
             he
          
           ,
           p.
           459
           ,
           l.
           3
           ,
           r.
           way
           ,
           p.
           513
           ,
           l.
           1
           ,
           blot
           out
           
             it
             is
          
           ,
           p.
           558
           ,
           l.
           1
           ,
           r.
           
             Antoninus
             Pius
          
           ,
           p.
           514
           ,
           l.
           19
           ,
           r.
           vermilion
           ,
           ibid.
           l.
           17
           ,
           r.
           lead
           .