id sid tid token lemma pos 44541 1 1 THE the DT 44541 1 2 LAST last NN 44541 1 3 LINK link VBP 44541 1 4 OUR our PRP$ 44541 1 5 PRESENT present JJ 44541 1 6 KNOWLEDGE knowledge NN 44541 1 7 OF of IN 44541 1 8 THE the DT 44541 1 9 DESCENT DESCENT NNP 44541 1 10 OF of IN 44541 1 11 MAN man NN 44541 1 12 BY by IN 44541 1 13 ERNST ERNST NNP 44541 1 14 HAECKEL HAECKEL NNP 44541 1 15 ( ( -LRB- 44541 1 16 JENA JENA NNP 44541 1 17 ) ) -RRB- 44541 1 18 WITH with IN 44541 1 19 NOTES note NNS 44541 1 20 AND and CC 44541 1 21 BIOGRAPHICAL BIOGRAPHICAL NNS 44541 1 22 SKETCHES sketches NN 44541 1 23 BY by IN 44541 1 24 HANS HANS NNP 44541 1 25 GADOW GADOW NNP 44541 1 26 , , , 44541 1 27 F.R.S. F.R.S. NNP 44541 2 1 ( ( -LRB- 44541 2 2 CAMBRIDGE CAMBRIDGE NNP 44541 2 3 ) ) -RRB- 44541 2 4 LONDON LONDON NNP 44541 2 5 ADAM ADAM NNP 44541 2 6 AND and CC 44541 2 7 CHARLES CHARLES NNP 44541 2 8 BLACK black NN 44541 2 9 1898 1898 CD 44541 2 10 CONTENTS content NNS 44541 2 11 PAGE page VB 44541 2 12 THE the DT 44541 2 13 LAST last NN 44541 2 14 LINK link NN 44541 2 15 INTRODUCTORY INTRODUCTORY NNP 44541 2 16 1 1 CD 44541 2 17 COMPARATIVE COMPARATIVE NNS 44541 2 18 ANATOMY anatomy VBP 44541 2 19 8 8 CD 44541 2 20 PALÆONTOLOGY palæontology NN 44541 2 21 20 20 CD 44541 2 22 OTHER other JJ 44541 2 23 EVIDENCE evidence NN 44541 2 24 42 42 CD 44541 2 25 STAGES stage NNS 44541 2 26 RECAPITULATED recapitulate VBD 44541 2 27 47 47 CD 44541 2 28 BIOGRAPHICAL BIOGRAPHICAL NNP 44541 2 29 SKETCHES sketches NN 44541 2 30 : : : 44541 2 31 LAMARCK lamarck JJ 44541 2 32 , , , 44541 2 33 SAINT SAINT NNP 44541 2 34 - - HYPH 44541 2 35 HILAIRE HILAIRE NNP 44541 2 36 , , , 44541 2 37 CUVIER CUVIER NNP 44541 2 38 , , , 44541 2 39 BAER BAER NNP 44541 2 40 , , , 44541 2 41 MUELLER MUELLER NNP 44541 2 42 , , , 44541 2 43 VIRCHOW VIRCHOW NNP 44541 2 44 , , , 44541 2 45 COPE COPE NNP 44541 2 46 , , , 44541 2 47 KOELLIKER KOELLIKER NNP 44541 2 48 , , , 44541 2 49 GEGENBAUR GEGENBAUR NNP 44541 2 50 , , , 44541 2 51 HAECKEL HAECKEL NNP 44541 2 52 80 80 CD 44541 2 53 THEORY THEORY NNS 44541 2 54 OF of IN 44541 2 55 CELLS CELLS NNP 44541 2 56 115 115 CD 44541 2 57 FACTORS factor NNS 44541 2 58 OF of IN 44541 2 59 EVOLUTION evolution NN 44541 2 60 117 117 CD 44541 2 61 GEOLOGICAL geological NN 44541 2 62 TIME time NN 44541 2 63 AND and CC 44541 2 64 EVOLUTION evolution NN 44541 2 65 135 135 CD 44541 2 66 NOTE NOTE VBG 44541 2 67 The the DT 44541 2 68 address address NN 44541 2 69 I -PRON- PRP 44541 2 70 delivered deliver VBD 44541 2 71 on on IN 44541 2 72 August August NNP 44541 2 73 26 26 CD 44541 2 74 at at IN 44541 2 75 the the DT 44541 2 76 Fourth Fourth NNP 44541 2 77 International International NNP 44541 2 78 Congress Congress NNP 44541 2 79 of of IN 44541 2 80 Zoology Zoology NNP 44541 2 81 at at IN 44541 2 82 Cambridge Cambridge NNP 44541 2 83 , , , 44541 2 84 ' ' '' 44541 2 85 On on IN 44541 2 86 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 2 87 Present present JJ 44541 2 88 Knowledge knowledge NN 44541 2 89 of of IN 44541 2 90 the the DT 44541 2 91 Descent Descent NNP 44541 2 92 of of IN 44541 2 93 Man Man NNP 44541 2 94 , , , 44541 2 95 ' ' '' 44541 2 96 has have VBZ 44541 2 97 , , , 44541 2 98 I -PRON- PRP 44541 2 99 find find VBP 44541 2 100 , , , 44541 2 101 from from IN 44541 2 102 the the DT 44541 2 103 high high JJ 44541 2 104 significance significance NN 44541 2 105 of of IN 44541 2 106 the the DT 44541 2 107 theme theme NN 44541 2 108 and and CC 44541 2 109 the the DT 44541 2 110 general general JJ 44541 2 111 importance importance NN 44541 2 112 of of IN 44541 2 113 the the DT 44541 2 114 questions question NNS 44541 2 115 connected connect VBN 44541 2 116 with with IN 44541 2 117 it -PRON- PRP 44541 2 118 , , , 44541 2 119 excited excited JJ 44541 2 120 much much JJ 44541 2 121 interest interest NN 44541 2 122 , , , 44541 2 123 and and CC 44541 2 124 has have VBZ 44541 2 125 led lead VBN 44541 2 126 to to IN 44541 2 127 requests request NNS 44541 2 128 for for IN 44541 2 129 its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 2 130 publication publication NN 44541 2 131 . . . 44541 3 1 Hence hence RB 44541 3 2 this this DT 44541 3 3 volume volume NN 44541 3 4 , , , 44541 3 5 edited edit VBN 44541 3 6 by by IN 44541 3 7 my -PRON- PRP$ 44541 3 8 friend friend NN 44541 3 9 Dr. Dr. NNP 44541 3 10 H. H. NNP 44541 3 11 Gadow Gadow NNP 44541 3 12 , , , 44541 3 13 my -PRON- PRP$ 44541 3 14 pupil pupil NN 44541 3 15 in in IN 44541 3 16 earlier early JJR 44541 3 17 days day NNS 44541 3 18 , , , 44541 3 19 who who WP 44541 3 20 has have VBZ 44541 3 21 not not RB 44541 3 22 only only RB 44541 3 23 revised revise VBN 44541 3 24 the the DT 44541 3 25 text text NN 44541 3 26 , , , 44541 3 27 but but CC 44541 3 28 has have VBZ 44541 3 29 also also RB 44541 3 30 enriched enrich VBN 44541 3 31 it -PRON- PRP 44541 3 32 by by IN 44541 3 33 many many JJ 44541 3 34 valuable valuable JJ 44541 3 35 additions addition NNS 44541 3 36 and and CC 44541 3 37 notes note NNS 44541 3 38 . . . 44541 4 1 ERNST ERNST NNP 44541 4 2 HAECKEL HAECKEL NNP 44541 4 3 . . . 44541 5 1 _ _ NNP 44541 5 2 Jena Jena NNP 44541 5 3 , , , 44541 5 4 December December NNP 44541 5 5 , , , 44541 5 6 1898 1898 CD 44541 5 7 . . . 44541 5 8 _ _ NNP 44541 5 9 THE the DT 44541 5 10 LAST last NN 44541 5 11 LINK link NN 44541 5 12 At at IN 44541 5 13 the the DT 44541 5 14 end end NN 44541 5 15 of of IN 44541 5 16 the the DT 44541 5 17 nineteenth nineteenth JJ 44541 5 18 century century NN 44541 5 19 , , , 44541 5 20 the the DT 44541 5 21 age age NN 44541 5 22 of of IN 44541 5 23 ' ' `` 44541 5 24 natural natural JJ 44541 5 25 science science NN 44541 5 26 , , , 44541 5 27 ' ' '' 44541 5 28 the the DT 44541 5 29 department department NN 44541 5 30 of of IN 44541 5 31 knowledge knowledge NN 44541 5 32 that that WDT 44541 5 33 has have VBZ 44541 5 34 made make VBN 44541 5 35 most most JJS 44541 5 36 progress progress NN 44541 5 37 is be VBZ 44541 5 38 zoology zoology NN 44541 5 39 . . . 44541 6 1 From from IN 44541 6 2 zoology zoology NNP 44541 6 3 has have VBZ 44541 6 4 arisen arise VBN 44541 6 5 the the DT 44541 6 6 study study NN 44541 6 7 of of IN 44541 6 8 transformism transformism NN 44541 6 9 , , , 44541 6 10 which which WDT 44541 6 11 now now RB 44541 6 12 dominates dominate VBZ 44541 6 13 the the DT 44541 6 14 whole whole NN 44541 6 15 of of IN 44541 6 16 biology biology NN 44541 6 17 . . . 44541 7 1 Lamarck[1 Lamarck[1 NNP 44541 7 2 ] ] -RRB- 44541 7 3 laid lay VBD 44541 7 4 its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 7 5 foundation foundation NN 44541 7 6 in in IN 44541 7 7 1809 1809 CD 44541 7 8 , , , 44541 7 9 and and CC 44541 7 10 forty forty CD 44541 7 11 years year NNS 44541 7 12 ago ago RB 44541 7 13 Charles Charles NNP 44541 7 14 Darwin Darwin NNP 44541 7 15 obtained obtain VBD 44541 7 16 for for IN 44541 7 17 it -PRON- PRP 44541 7 18 a a DT 44541 7 19 recognition recognition NN 44541 7 20 which which WDT 44541 7 21 is be VBZ 44541 7 22 now now RB 44541 7 23 universal universal JJ 44541 7 24 . . . 44541 8 1 It -PRON- PRP 44541 8 2 is be VBZ 44541 8 3 not not RB 44541 8 4 my -PRON- PRP$ 44541 8 5 task task NN 44541 8 6 to to TO 44541 8 7 repeat repeat VB 44541 8 8 the the DT 44541 8 9 well well RB 44541 8 10 - - HYPH 44541 8 11 known know VBN 44541 8 12 principles principle NNS 44541 8 13 of of IN 44541 8 14 Darwinism darwinism NN 44541 8 15 . . . 44541 9 1 I -PRON- PRP 44541 9 2 am be VBP 44541 9 3 not not RB 44541 9 4 concerned concerned JJ 44541 9 5 to to TO 44541 9 6 explain explain VB 44541 9 7 the the DT 44541 9 8 scientific scientific JJ 44541 9 9 value value NN 44541 9 10 of of IN 44541 9 11 the the DT 44541 9 12 whole whole JJ 44541 9 13 theory theory NN 44541 9 14 of of IN 44541 9 15 descent descent NN 44541 9 16 . . . 44541 10 1 The the DT 44541 10 2 whole whole NN 44541 10 3 of of IN 44541 10 4 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 10 5 biological biological JJ 44541 10 6 study study NN 44541 10 7 is be VBZ 44541 10 8 pervaded pervade VBN 44541 10 9 by by IN 44541 10 10 it -PRON- PRP 44541 10 11 . . . 44541 11 1 No no DT 44541 11 2 general general JJ 44541 11 3 problem problem NN 44541 11 4 in in IN 44541 11 5 zoology zoology NN 44541 11 6 and and CC 44541 11 7 botany botany NNP 44541 11 8 , , , 44541 11 9 in in IN 44541 11 10 anatomy anatomy NN 44541 11 11 and and CC 44541 11 12 physiology physiology NN 44541 11 13 , , , 44541 11 14 can can MD 44541 11 15 be be VB 44541 11 16 discussed discuss VBN 44541 11 17 without without IN 44541 11 18 the the DT 44541 11 19 question question NN 44541 11 20 arising arise VBG 44541 11 21 , , , 44541 11 22 How how WRB 44541 11 23 has have VBZ 44541 11 24 this this DT 44541 11 25 problem problem NN 44541 11 26 originated originate VBD 44541 11 27 ? ? . 44541 12 1 What what WP 44541 12 2 are be VBP 44541 12 3 the the DT 44541 12 4 real real JJ 44541 12 5 causes cause NNS 44541 12 6 of of IN 44541 12 7 its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 12 8 development development NN 44541 12 9 ? ? . 44541 13 1 [ [ -LRB- 44541 13 2 1 1 LS 44541 13 3 ] ] -RRB- 44541 13 4 See see VB 44541 13 5 note note NN 44541 13 6 , , , 44541 13 7 p. p. NN 44541 13 8 80 80 CD 44541 13 9 . . . 44541 14 1 This this DT 44541 14 2 question question NN 44541 14 3 was be VBD 44541 14 4 almost almost RB 44541 14 5 unknown unknown JJ 44541 14 6 seventy seventy CD 44541 14 7 years year NNS 44541 14 8 ago ago RB 44541 14 9 , , , 44541 14 10 when when WRB 44541 14 11 Charles Charles NNP 44541 14 12 Darwin Darwin NNP 44541 14 13 , , , 44541 14 14 the the DT 44541 14 15 great great JJ 44541 14 16 reformer reformer NN 44541 14 17 of of IN 44541 14 18 biology biology NN 44541 14 19 , , , 44541 14 20 began begin VBD 44541 14 21 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 14 22 academical academical JJ 44541 14 23 career career NN 44541 14 24 at at IN 44541 14 25 Cambridge Cambridge NNP 44541 14 26 as as IN 44541 14 27 a a DT 44541 14 28 student student NN 44541 14 29 of of IN 44541 14 30 theology theology NN 44541 14 31 . . . 44541 15 1 In in IN 44541 15 2 the the DT 44541 15 3 same same JJ 44541 15 4 year year NN 44541 15 5 , , , 44541 15 6 1828 1828 CD 44541 15 7 , , , 44541 15 8 Carl Carl NNP 44541 15 9 Ernst Ernst NNP 44541 15 10 von von NNP 44541 15 11 Baer[2 Baer[2 NNP 44541 15 12 ] ] -RRB- 44541 15 13 published publish VBN 44541 15 14 in in IN 44541 15 15 Germany Germany NNP 44541 15 16 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 15 17 classical classical JJ 44541 15 18 work work NN 44541 15 19 on on IN 44541 15 20 the the DT 44541 15 21 embryology embryology NN 44541 15 22 of of IN 44541 15 23 animals animal NNS 44541 15 24 , , , 44541 15 25 the the DT 44541 15 26 first first JJ 44541 15 27 successful successful JJ 44541 15 28 attempt attempt NN 44541 15 29 to to TO 44541 15 30 elucidate elucidate VB 44541 15 31 by by IN 44541 15 32 ' ' `` 44541 15 33 observation observation NN 44541 15 34 and and CC 44541 15 35 reflection reflection NN 44541 15 36 ' ' '' 44541 15 37 the the DT 44541 15 38 mysterious mysterious JJ 44541 15 39 origin origin NN 44541 15 40 of of IN 44541 15 41 the the DT 44541 15 42 animal animal NN 44541 15 43 body body NN 44541 15 44 from from IN 44541 15 45 the the DT 44541 15 46 egg egg NN 44541 15 47 , , , 44541 15 48 and and CC 44541 15 49 to to TO 44541 15 50 explain explain VB 44541 15 51 in in RP 44541 15 52 every every DT 44541 15 53 respect respect NN 44541 15 54 the the DT 44541 15 55 ' ' `` 44541 15 56 history history NN 44541 15 57 of of IN 44541 15 58 the the DT 44541 15 59 growing grow VBG 44541 15 60 individuality individuality NN 44541 15 61 . . . 44541 15 62 ' ' '' 44541 16 1 Darwin Darwin NNP 44541 16 2 at at IN 44541 16 3 that that DT 44541 16 4 time time NN 44541 16 5 had have VBD 44541 16 6 no no DT 44541 16 7 knowledge knowledge NN 44541 16 8 of of IN 44541 16 9 this this DT 44541 16 10 great great JJ 44541 16 11 advance advance NN 44541 16 12 , , , 44541 16 13 and and CC 44541 16 14 he -PRON- PRP 44541 16 15 could could MD 44541 16 16 not not RB 44541 16 17 divine divine VB 44541 16 18 that that IN 44541 16 19 forty forty CD 44541 16 20 years year NNS 44541 16 21 later later RBR 44541 16 22 embryology embryology NN 44541 16 23 would would MD 44541 16 24 be be VB 44541 16 25 one one CD 44541 16 26 of of IN 44541 16 27 the the DT 44541 16 28 strongest strong JJS 44541 16 29 supports support NNS 44541 16 30 of of IN 44541 16 31 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 16 32 own own JJ 44541 16 33 life life NN 44541 16 34 's 's POS 44541 16 35 work work NN 44541 16 36 -- -- : 44541 16 37 of of IN 44541 16 38 that that DT 44541 16 39 very very JJ 44541 16 40 theory theory NN 44541 16 41 of of IN 44541 16 42 transformism transformism NN 44541 16 43 which which WDT 44541 16 44 , , , 44541 16 45 founded found VBN 44541 16 46 by by IN 44541 16 47 Lamarck Lamarck NNP 44541 16 48 in in IN 44541 16 49 the the DT 44541 16 50 year year NN 44541 16 51 of of IN 44541 16 52 Darwin Darwin NNP 44541 16 53 's 's POS 44541 16 54 birth birth NN 44541 16 55 , , , 44541 16 56 was be VBD 44541 16 57 accepted accept VBN 44541 16 58 with with IN 44541 16 59 enthusiasm enthusiasm NN 44541 16 60 by by IN 44541 16 61 Charles Charles NNP 44541 16 62 's 's POS 44541 16 63 grandfather grandfather NN 44541 16 64 Erasmus Erasmus NNP 44541 16 65 . . . 44541 17 1 There there EX 44541 17 2 is be VBZ 44541 17 3 no no DT 44541 17 4 doubt doubt NN 44541 17 5 that that DT 44541 17 6 of of IN 44541 17 7 all all PDT 44541 17 8 the the DT 44541 17 9 celebrated celebrated JJ 44541 17 10 naturalists naturalist NNS 44541 17 11 of of IN 44541 17 12 the the DT 44541 17 13 nineteenth nineteenth JJ 44541 17 14 century century NN 44541 17 15 Darwin Darwin NNP 44541 17 16 achieved achieve VBD 44541 17 17 the the DT 44541 17 18 greatest great JJS 44541 17 19 success success NN 44541 17 20 , , , 44541 17 21 and and CC 44541 17 22 we -PRON- PRP 44541 17 23 should should MD 44541 17 24 be be VB 44541 17 25 justified justify VBN 44541 17 26 in in IN 44541 17 27 designating designate VBG 44541 17 28 the the DT 44541 17 29 last last JJ 44541 17 30 forty forty CD 44541 17 31 years year NNS 44541 17 32 as as IN 44541 17 33 the the DT 44541 17 34 Age Age NNP 44541 17 35 of of IN 44541 17 36 Darwin Darwin NNP 44541 17 37 . . . 44541 18 1 [ [ -LRB- 44541 18 2 2 2 LS 44541 18 3 ] ] -RRB- 44541 18 4 See see VB 44541 18 5 note note NN 44541 18 6 , , , 44541 18 7 p. p. NN 44541 18 8 89 89 CD 44541 18 9 . . . 44541 19 1 In in IN 44541 19 2 searching search VBG 44541 19 3 for for IN 44541 19 4 the the DT 44541 19 5 causes cause NNS 44541 19 6 of of IN 44541 19 7 this this DT 44541 19 8 unexampled unexampled JJ 44541 19 9 success success NN 44541 19 10 , , , 44541 19 11 we -PRON- PRP 44541 19 12 must must MD 44541 19 13 clearly clearly RB 44541 19 14 separate separate VB 44541 19 15 three three CD 44541 19 16 sets set NNS 44541 19 17 of of IN 44541 19 18 considerations consideration NNS 44541 19 19 : : : 44541 19 20 first first RB 44541 19 21 , , , 44541 19 22 the the DT 44541 19 23 comprehensive comprehensive JJ 44541 19 24 reform reform NN 44541 19 25 of of IN 44541 19 26 Lamarck Lamarck NNP 44541 19 27 's 's POS 44541 19 28 transformism transformism NN 44541 19 29 , , , 44541 19 30 and and CC 44541 19 31 its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 19 32 firm firm JJ 44541 19 33 establishment establishment NN 44541 19 34 by by IN 44541 19 35 the the DT 44541 19 36 many many JJ 44541 19 37 arguments argument NNS 44541 19 38 drawn draw VBN 44541 19 39 from from IN 44541 19 40 modern modern JJ 44541 19 41 biology biology NN 44541 19 42 ; ; : 44541 19 43 secondly secondly RB 44541 19 44 , , , 44541 19 45 the the DT 44541 19 46 construction construction NN 44541 19 47 of of IN 44541 19 48 the the DT 44541 19 49 new new JJ 44541 19 50 theory theory NN 44541 19 51 of of IN 44541 19 52 selection selection NN 44541 19 53 , , , 44541 19 54 as as IN 44541 19 55 established establish VBN 44541 19 56 by by IN 44541 19 57 Darwin Darwin NNP 44541 19 58 , , , 44541 19 59 and and CC 44541 19 60 independently independently RB 44541 19 61 by by IN 44541 19 62 Alfred Alfred NNP 44541 19 63 Wallace Wallace NNP 44541 19 64 ( ( -LRB- 44541 19 65 a a DT 44541 19 66 theory theory NN 44541 19 67 called call VBN 44541 19 68 Darwinism Darwinism NNP 44541 19 69 in in IN 44541 19 70 the the DT 44541 19 71 proper proper JJ 44541 19 72 sense sense NN 44541 19 73 ) ) -RRB- 44541 19 74 ; ; : 44541 19 75 thirdly thirdly RB 44541 19 76 , , , 44541 19 77 the the DT 44541 19 78 deduction deduction NN 44541 19 79 of of IN 44541 19 80 anthropogeny anthropogeny NN 44541 19 81 , , , 44541 19 82 that that WDT 44541 19 83 most most RBS 44541 19 84 important important JJ 44541 19 85 conclusion conclusion NN 44541 19 86 of of IN 44541 19 87 the the DT 44541 19 88 theory theory NN 44541 19 89 of of IN 44541 19 90 descent descent NN 44541 19 91 , , , 44541 19 92 the the DT 44541 19 93 value value NN 44541 19 94 of of IN 44541 19 95 which which WDT 44541 19 96 far far RB 44541 19 97 surpasses surpass VBZ 44541 19 98 all all PDT 44541 19 99 the the DT 44541 19 100 other other JJ 44541 19 101 truths truth NNS 44541 19 102 in in IN 44541 19 103 evolution evolution NN 44541 19 104 . . . 44541 20 1 It -PRON- PRP 44541 20 2 is be VBZ 44541 20 3 the the DT 44541 20 4 third third JJ 44541 20 5 point point NN 44541 20 6 of of IN 44541 20 7 Darwin Darwin NNP 44541 20 8 's 's POS 44541 20 9 theory theory NN 44541 20 10 that that IN 44541 20 11 I -PRON- PRP 44541 20 12 shall shall MD 44541 20 13 discuss discuss VB 44541 20 14 here here RB 44541 20 15 ; ; : 44541 20 16 and and CC 44541 20 17 I -PRON- PRP 44541 20 18 shall shall MD 44541 20 19 discuss discuss VB 44541 20 20 it -PRON- PRP 44541 20 21 chiefly chiefly RB 44541 20 22 with with IN 44541 20 23 the the DT 44541 20 24 intention intention NN 44541 20 25 of of IN 44541 20 26 examining examine VBG 44541 20 27 critically critically RB 44541 20 28 the the DT 44541 20 29 evidence evidence NN 44541 20 30 and and CC 44541 20 31 the the DT 44541 20 32 different different JJ 44541 20 33 conclusions conclusion NNS 44541 20 34 which which WDT 44541 20 35 at at IN 44541 20 36 present present JJ 44541 20 37 represent represent NN 44541 20 38 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 20 39 scientific scientific JJ 44541 20 40 knowledge knowledge NN 44541 20 41 of of IN 44541 20 42 the the DT 44541 20 43 descent descent NN 44541 20 44 of of IN 44541 20 45 man man NN 44541 20 46 and and CC 44541 20 47 of of IN 44541 20 48 the the DT 44541 20 49 different different JJ 44541 20 50 stages stage NNS 44541 20 51 of of IN 44541 20 52 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 20 53 animal animal NN 44541 20 54 pedigree pedigree NN 44541 20 55 . . . 44541 21 1 It -PRON- PRP 44541 21 2 is be VBZ 44541 21 3 now now RB 44541 21 4 generally generally RB 44541 21 5 admitted admit VBN 44541 21 6 that that IN 44541 21 7 this this DT 44541 21 8 problem problem NN 44541 21 9 is be VBZ 44541 21 10 the the DT 44541 21 11 most most RBS 44541 21 12 important important JJ 44541 21 13 of of IN 44541 21 14 all all DT 44541 21 15 biological biological JJ 44541 21 16 questions question NNS 44541 21 17 . . . 44541 22 1 Huxley Huxley NNP 44541 22 2 was be VBD 44541 22 3 right right JJ 44541 22 4 when when WRB 44541 22 5 in in IN 44541 22 6 1863 1863 CD 44541 22 7 he -PRON- PRP 44541 22 8 called call VBD 44541 22 9 it -PRON- PRP 44541 22 10 the the DT 44541 22 11 question question NN 44541 22 12 of of IN 44541 22 13 questions question NNS 44541 22 14 for for IN 44541 22 15 mankind mankind NN 44541 22 16 . . . 44541 23 1 The the DT 44541 23 2 problem problem NN 44541 23 3 which which WDT 44541 23 4 underlies underlie VBZ 44541 23 5 all all DT 44541 23 6 others other NNS 44541 23 7 , , , 44541 23 8 and and CC 44541 23 9 is be VBZ 44541 23 10 more more RBR 44541 23 11 deeply deeply RB 44541 23 12 interesting interesting JJ 44541 23 13 than than IN 44541 23 14 any any DT 44541 23 15 other other JJ 44541 23 16 , , , 44541 23 17 is be VBZ 44541 23 18 as as IN 44541 23 19 to to IN 44541 23 20 the the DT 44541 23 21 place place NN 44541 23 22 which which WDT 44541 23 23 man man NN 44541 23 24 occupies occupy VBZ 44541 23 25 in in IN 44541 23 26 nature nature NN 44541 23 27 and and CC 44541 23 28 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 23 29 relations relation NNS 44541 23 30 to to IN 44541 23 31 the the DT 44541 23 32 universe universe NN 44541 23 33 of of IN 44541 23 34 things thing NNS 44541 23 35 . . . 44541 24 1 ' ' `` 44541 24 2 Whence whence UH 44541 24 3 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 24 4 race race NN 44541 24 5 has have VBZ 44541 24 6 come come VBN 44541 24 7 ; ; : 44541 24 8 what what WP 44541 24 9 are be VBP 44541 24 10 the the DT 44541 24 11 limits limit NNS 44541 24 12 of of IN 44541 24 13 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 24 14 power power NN 44541 24 15 over over IN 44541 24 16 nature nature NN 44541 24 17 , , , 44541 24 18 and and CC 44541 24 19 of of IN 44541 24 20 nature nature NN 44541 24 21 's 's POS 44541 24 22 power power NN 44541 24 23 over over IN 44541 24 24 us -PRON- PRP 44541 24 25 ; ; : 44541 24 26 to to IN 44541 24 27 what what WDT 44541 24 28 goal goal NN 44541 24 29 are be VBP 44541 24 30 we -PRON- PRP 44541 24 31 tending tend VBG 44541 24 32 -- -- : 44541 24 33 these these DT 44541 24 34 are be VBP 44541 24 35 the the DT 44541 24 36 problems problem NNS 44541 24 37 which which WDT 44541 24 38 present present VBP 44541 24 39 themselves -PRON- PRP 44541 24 40 anew anew RB 44541 24 41 and and CC 44541 24 42 with with IN 44541 24 43 undiminished undiminished JJ 44541 24 44 interest interest NN 44541 24 45 to to IN 44541 24 46 every every DT 44541 24 47 man man NN 44541 24 48 born bear VBN 44541 24 49 into into IN 44541 24 50 the the DT 44541 24 51 world world NN 44541 24 52 . . . 44541 24 53 ' ' '' 44541 25 1 This this DT 44541 25 2 impressive impressive JJ 44541 25 3 view view NN 44541 25 4 was be VBD 44541 25 5 explained explain VBN 44541 25 6 by by IN 44541 25 7 Huxley Huxley NNP 44541 25 8 thirty thirty CD 44541 25 9 - - HYPH 44541 25 10 five five CD 44541 25 11 years year NNS 44541 25 12 ago ago RB 44541 25 13 in in IN 44541 25 14 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 25 15 three three CD 44541 25 16 celebrated celebrated JJ 44541 25 17 essays essay NNS 44541 25 18 on on IN 44541 25 19 ' ' `` 44541 25 20 Evidence evidence NN 44541 25 21 as as IN 44541 25 22 to to IN 44541 25 23 Man Man NNP 44541 25 24 's 's POS 44541 25 25 Place Place NNP 44541 25 26 in in IN 44541 25 27 Nature Nature NNP 44541 25 28 . . . 44541 25 29 ' ' '' 44541 26 1 The the DT 44541 26 2 first first JJ 44541 26 3 is be VBZ 44541 26 4 entitled entitle VBN 44541 26 5 ' ' '' 44541 26 6 On on IN 44541 26 7 the the DT 44541 26 8 Natural Natural NNP 44541 26 9 History history NN 44541 26 10 of of IN 44541 26 11 the the DT 44541 26 12 Man man NN 44541 26 13 - - HYPH 44541 26 14 like like NNP 44541 26 15 Apes Apes NNP 44541 26 16 ' ' POS 44541 26 17 ; ; : 44541 26 18 the the DT 44541 26 19 second second JJ 44541 26 20 , , , 44541 26 21 ' ' '' 44541 26 22 On on IN 44541 26 23 the the DT 44541 26 24 Relations Relations NNPS 44541 26 25 of of IN 44541 26 26 Man Man NNP 44541 26 27 to to IN 44541 26 28 the the DT 44541 26 29 Lower low JJR 44541 26 30 Animals Animals NNPS 44541 26 31 ' ' POS 44541 26 32 ; ; : 44541 26 33 the the DT 44541 26 34 third third JJ 44541 26 35 , , , 44541 26 36 ' ' '' 44541 26 37 On on IN 44541 26 38 some some DT 44541 26 39 Fossil Fossil NNP 44541 26 40 Remains remain NNS 44541 26 41 of of IN 44541 26 42 Man Man NNP 44541 26 43 . . . 44541 26 44 ' ' '' 44541 27 1 Darwin Darwin NNP 44541 27 2 himself -PRON- PRP 44541 27 3 felt feel VBD 44541 27 4 the the DT 44541 27 5 burden burden NN 44541 27 6 of of IN 44541 27 7 these these DT 44541 27 8 problems problem NNS 44541 27 9 as as RB 44541 27 10 much much RB 44541 27 11 as as IN 44541 27 12 Huxley Huxley NNP 44541 27 13 ; ; : 44541 27 14 but but CC 44541 27 15 in in IN 44541 27 16 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 27 17 chief chief JJ 44541 27 18 work work NN 44541 27 19 , , , 44541 27 20 ' ' '' 44541 27 21 On on IN 44541 27 22 the the DT 44541 27 23 Origin Origin NNP 44541 27 24 of of IN 44541 27 25 Species Species NNP 44541 27 26 , , , 44541 27 27 ' ' '' 44541 27 28 in in IN 44541 27 29 1859 1859 CD 44541 27 30 , , , 44541 27 31 he -PRON- PRP 44541 27 32 had have VBD 44541 27 33 purposely purposely RB 44541 27 34 only only RB 44541 27 35 just just RB 44541 27 36 touched touch VBD 44541 27 37 them -PRON- PRP 44541 27 38 , , , 44541 27 39 suggesting suggest VBG 44541 27 40 that that IN 44541 27 41 the the DT 44541 27 42 theory theory NN 44541 27 43 of of IN 44541 27 44 descent descent NN 44541 27 45 would would MD 44541 27 46 shed shed VB 44541 27 47 light light NN 44541 27 48 upon upon IN 44541 27 49 the the DT 44541 27 50 origin origin NN 44541 27 51 of of IN 44541 27 52 man man NN 44541 27 53 and and CC 44541 27 54 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 27 55 history history NN 44541 27 56 . . . 44541 28 1 Twelve twelve CD 44541 28 2 years year NNS 44541 28 3 later later RB 44541 28 4 , , , 44541 28 5 in in IN 44541 28 6 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 28 7 celebrated celebrated JJ 44541 28 8 work work NN 44541 28 9 on on IN 44541 28 10 ' ' '' 44541 28 11 The the DT 44541 28 12 Descent Descent NNP 44541 28 13 of of IN 44541 28 14 Man Man NNP 44541 28 15 , , , 44541 28 16 and and CC 44541 28 17 Selection Selection NNP 44541 28 18 in in IN 44541 28 19 Relation Relation NNP 44541 28 20 to to IN 44541 28 21 Sex sex NN 44541 28 22 , , , 44541 28 23 ' ' '' 44541 28 24 Darwin Darwin NNP 44541 28 25 discussed discuss VBD 44541 28 26 fully fully RB 44541 28 27 and and CC 44541 28 28 ingeniously ingeniously RB 44541 28 29 all all PDT 44541 28 30 the the DT 44541 28 31 different different JJ 44541 28 32 sides side NNS 44541 28 33 of of IN 44541 28 34 this this DT 44541 28 35 ' ' '' 44541 28 36 question question NN 44541 28 37 of of IN 44541 28 38 questions question NNS 44541 28 39 ' ' '' 44541 28 40 from from IN 44541 28 41 the the DT 44541 28 42 morphological morphological JJ 44541 28 43 , , , 44541 28 44 historical historical JJ 44541 28 45 , , , 44541 28 46 physiological physiological JJ 44541 28 47 , , , 44541 28 48 and and CC 44541 28 49 psychological psychological JJ 44541 28 50 points point NNS 44541 28 51 of of IN 44541 28 52 view view NN 44541 28 53 . . . 44541 29 1 As as RB 44541 29 2 early early RB 44541 29 3 as as IN 44541 29 4 1866 1866 CD 44541 29 5 I -PRON- PRP 44541 29 6 myself -PRON- PRP 44541 29 7 had have VBD 44541 29 8 applied apply VBN 44541 29 9 in in IN 44541 29 10 the the DT 44541 29 11 _ _ NNP 44541 29 12 Generelle Generelle NNP 44541 29 13 Morphologie Morphologie NNP 44541 29 14 der der IN 44541 29 15 Organismen Organismen NNP 44541 29 16 _ _ NNP 44541 29 17 the the DT 44541 29 18 theory theory NN 44541 29 19 of of IN 44541 29 20 transformism transformism NN 44541 29 21 to to IN 44541 29 22 anthropology anthropology NN 44541 29 23 , , , 44541 29 24 and and CC 44541 29 25 had have VBD 44541 29 26 shown show VBN 44541 29 27 that that IN 44541 29 28 the the DT 44541 29 29 fundamental fundamental JJ 44541 29 30 law law NN 44541 29 31 of of IN 44541 29 32 biogeny biogeny NN 44541 29 33 claims claim VBZ 44541 29 34 the the DT 44541 29 35 same same JJ 44541 29 36 value value NN 44541 29 37 for for IN 44541 29 38 man man NN 44541 29 39 as as IN 44541 29 40 for for IN 44541 29 41 all all PDT 44541 29 42 the the DT 44541 29 43 other other JJ 44541 29 44 animals animal NNS 44541 29 45 . . . 44541 30 1 The the DT 44541 30 2 intimate intimate JJ 44541 30 3 causal causal JJ 44541 30 4 connection connection NN 44541 30 5 between between IN 44541 30 6 ontogeny ontogeny NN 44541 30 7 and and CC 44541 30 8 phylogeny phylogeny NN 44541 30 9 , , , 44541 30 10 between between IN 44541 30 11 the the DT 44541 30 12 development development NN 44541 30 13 of of IN 44541 30 14 the the DT 44541 30 15 individual individual NN 44541 30 16 and and CC 44541 30 17 the the DT 44541 30 18 history history NN 44541 30 19 of of IN 44541 30 20 its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 30 21 ancestors ancestor NNS 44541 30 22 , , , 44541 30 23 enables enable VBZ 44541 30 24 us -PRON- PRP 44541 30 25 to to TO 44541 30 26 gain gain VB 44541 30 27 a a DT 44541 30 28 safe safe JJ 44541 30 29 and and CC 44541 30 30 certain certain JJ 44541 30 31 knowledge knowledge NN 44541 30 32 of of IN 44541 30 33 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 30 34 ancestral ancestral JJ 44541 30 35 series series NN 44541 30 36 . . . 44541 31 1 I -PRON- PRP 44541 31 2 had have VBD 44541 31 3 at at IN 44541 31 4 that that DT 44541 31 5 time time NN 44541 31 6 distinguished distinguish VBN 44541 31 7 in in IN 44541 31 8 this this DT 44541 31 9 series series NN 44541 31 10 ten ten CD 44541 31 11 chief chief JJ 44541 31 12 degrees degree NNS 44541 31 13 of of IN 44541 31 14 vertebrate vertebrate NN 44541 31 15 organization organization NN 44541 31 16 . . . 44541 32 1 I -PRON- PRP 44541 32 2 attributed attribute VBD 44541 32 3 the the DT 44541 32 4 highest high JJS 44541 32 5 importance importance NN 44541 32 6 to to IN 44541 32 7 the the DT 44541 32 8 logical logical JJ 44541 32 9 connection connection NN 44541 32 10 of of IN 44541 32 11 anthropogeny anthropogeny NN 44541 32 12 with with IN 44541 32 13 transformism transformism NN 44541 32 14 . . . 44541 33 1 If if IN 44541 33 2 the the DT 44541 33 3 latter latter JJ 44541 33 4 be be VB 44541 33 5 true true JJ 44541 33 6 , , , 44541 33 7 the the DT 44541 33 8 truth truth NN 44541 33 9 of of IN 44541 33 10 the the DT 44541 33 11 former former JJ 44541 33 12 is be VBZ 44541 33 13 absolute absolute JJ 44541 33 14 . . . 44541 34 1 ' ' `` 44541 34 2 Our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 34 3 theory theory NN 44541 34 4 that that DT 44541 34 5 man man NN 44541 34 6 is be VBZ 44541 34 7 descended descend VBN 44541 34 8 from from IN 44541 34 9 lower low JJR 44541 34 10 vertebrates vertebrate NNS 44541 34 11 , , , 44541 34 12 and and CC 44541 34 13 immediately immediately RB 44541 34 14 from from IN 44541 34 15 apes ape NNS 44541 34 16 or or CC 44541 34 17 primates primate NNS 44541 34 18 , , , 44541 34 19 is be VBZ 44541 34 20 a a DT 44541 34 21 case case NN 44541 34 22 of of IN 44541 34 23 special special JJ 44541 34 24 _ _ NNP 44541 34 25 deduction deduction NN 44541 34 26 _ _ NNP 44541 34 27 which which WDT 44541 34 28 follows follow VBZ 44541 34 29 with with IN 44541 34 30 absolute absolute JJ 44541 34 31 certainty certainty NN 44541 34 32 from from IN 44541 34 33 the the DT 44541 34 34 general general JJ 44541 34 35 _ _ NNP 44541 34 36 induction induction NN 44541 34 37 _ _ NNP 44541 34 38 of of IN 44541 34 39 the the DT 44541 34 40 theory theory NN 44541 34 41 of of IN 44541 34 42 descent descent NN 44541 34 43 . . . 44541 34 44 ' ' '' 44541 35 1 The the DT 44541 35 2 full full JJ 44541 35 3 proof proof NN 44541 35 4 and and CC 44541 35 5 detailed detailed JJ 44541 35 6 explanation explanation NN 44541 35 7 of of IN 44541 35 8 this this DT 44541 35 9 view view NN 44541 35 10 was be VBD 44541 35 11 afterwards afterwards RB 44541 35 12 given give VBN 44541 35 13 in in IN 44541 35 14 my -PRON- PRP$ 44541 35 15 ' ' '' 44541 35 16 History history NN 44541 35 17 of of IN 44541 35 18 Natural Natural NNP 44541 35 19 Creation Creation NNP 44541 35 20 , , , 44541 35 21 ' ' '' 44541 35 22 and and CC 44541 35 23 especially especially RB 44541 35 24 in in IN 44541 35 25 my -PRON- PRP$ 44541 35 26 ' ' '' 44541 35 27 Anthropogeny anthropogeny NN 44541 35 28 . . . 44541 36 1 ' ' `` 44541 36 2 [ [ -LRB- 44541 36 3 3 3 CD 44541 36 4 ] ] -RRB- 44541 36 5 Lastly lastly RB 44541 36 6 , , , 44541 36 7 it -PRON- PRP 44541 36 8 has have VBZ 44541 36 9 received receive VBN 44541 36 10 an an DT 44541 36 11 ample ample JJ 44541 36 12 scientific scientific JJ 44541 36 13 and and CC 44541 36 14 critical critical JJ 44541 36 15 foundation foundation NN 44541 36 16 in in IN 44541 36 17 the the DT 44541 36 18 third third JJ 44541 36 19 part part NN 44541 36 20 of of IN 44541 36 21 my -PRON- PRP$ 44541 36 22 ' ' `` 44541 36 23 Systematic Systematic NNP 44541 36 24 Phylogeny Phylogeny NNP 44541 36 25 . . . 44541 37 1 ' ' `` 44541 37 2 [ [ -LRB- 44541 37 3 3 3 CD 44541 37 4 ] ] -RRB- 44541 37 5 [ [ -LRB- 44541 37 6 3 3 CD 44541 37 7 ] ] -RRB- 44541 37 8 See see VB 44541 37 9 notes note NNS 44541 37 10 , , , 44541 37 11 pp pp NNP 44541 37 12 . . . 44541 38 1 102 102 CD 44541 38 2 , , , 44541 38 3 106 106 CD 44541 38 4 During during IN 44541 38 5 the the DT 44541 38 6 forty forty CD 44541 38 7 years year NNS 44541 38 8 which which WDT 44541 38 9 have have VBP 44541 38 10 elapsed elapse VBN 44541 38 11 since since IN 44541 38 12 Darwin Darwin NNP 44541 38 13 's 's POS 44541 38 14 first first JJ 44541 38 15 publication publication NN 44541 38 16 of of IN 44541 38 17 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 38 18 theories theory NNS 44541 38 19 an an DT 44541 38 20 enormous enormous JJ 44541 38 21 literature literature NN 44541 38 22 , , , 44541 38 23 discussing discuss VBG 44541 38 24 the the DT 44541 38 25 _ _ NNP 44541 38 26 general general JJ 44541 38 27 problems problem NNS 44541 38 28 _ _ NNP 44541 38 29 of of IN 44541 38 30 transformism transformism NN 44541 38 31 as as RB 44541 38 32 well well RB 44541 38 33 as as IN 44541 38 34 its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 38 35 special special JJ 44541 38 36 application application NN 44541 38 37 to to IN 44541 38 38 man man NN 44541 38 39 , , , 44541 38 40 has have VBZ 44541 38 41 been be VBN 44541 38 42 published publish VBN 44541 38 43 . . . 44541 39 1 In in IN 44541 39 2 spite spite NN 44541 39 3 of of IN 44541 39 4 the the DT 44541 39 5 wide wide JJ 44541 39 6 divergence divergence NN 44541 39 7 of of IN 44541 39 8 the the DT 44541 39 9 different different JJ 44541 39 10 views view NNS 44541 39 11 , , , 44541 39 12 all all DT 44541 39 13 agree agree VBP 44541 39 14 in in IN 44541 39 15 one one CD 44541 39 16 main main JJ 44541 39 17 point point NN 44541 39 18 : : : 44541 39 19 the the DT 44541 39 20 natural natural JJ 44541 39 21 development development NN 44541 39 22 of of IN 44541 39 23 man man NN 44541 39 24 can can MD 44541 39 25 not not RB 44541 39 26 be be VB 44541 39 27 separated separate VBN 44541 39 28 from from IN 44541 39 29 general general JJ 44541 39 30 transformism transformism NN 44541 39 31 . . . 44541 40 1 There there EX 44541 40 2 are be VBP 44541 40 3 only only RB 44541 40 4 two two CD 44541 40 5 possibilities possibility NNS 44541 40 6 . . . 44541 41 1 Either either CC 44541 41 2 all all PDT 44541 41 3 the the DT 44541 41 4 various various JJ 44541 41 5 species specie NNS 44541 41 6 of of IN 44541 41 7 animals animal NNS 44541 41 8 and and CC 44541 41 9 plants plant NNS 44541 41 10 have have VBP 44541 41 11 been be VBN 44541 41 12 created create VBN 44541 41 13 independently independently RB 44541 41 14 by by IN 44541 41 15 supernatural supernatural JJ 44541 41 16 forces force NNS 44541 41 17 ( ( -LRB- 44541 41 18 and and CC 44541 41 19 in in IN 44541 41 20 this this DT 44541 41 21 case case NN 44541 41 22 the the DT 44541 41 23 creation creation NN 44541 41 24 of of IN 44541 41 25 man man NN 44541 41 26 also also RB 44541 41 27 is be VBZ 44541 41 28 a a DT 44541 41 29 miracle miracle NN 44541 41 30 ) ) -RRB- 44541 41 31 ; ; : 44541 41 32 or or CC 44541 41 33 the the DT 44541 41 34 species specie NNS 44541 41 35 have have VBP 44541 41 36 been be VBN 44541 41 37 produced produce VBN 44541 41 38 in in IN 44541 41 39 a a DT 44541 41 40 natural natural JJ 44541 41 41 way way NN 44541 41 42 by by IN 44541 41 43 transmutation transmutation NN 44541 41 44 , , , 44541 41 45 by by IN 44541 41 46 adaptation adaptation NN 44541 41 47 and and CC 44541 41 48 progressive progressive JJ 44541 41 49 heredity heredity NN 44541 41 50 ( ( -LRB- 44541 41 51 and and CC 44541 41 52 in in IN 44541 41 53 this this DT 44541 41 54 case case NN 44541 41 55 man man NN 44541 41 56 also also RB 44541 41 57 is be VBZ 44541 41 58 descended descend VBN 44541 41 59 from from IN 44541 41 60 other other JJ 44541 41 61 vertebrates vertebrate NNS 44541 41 62 , , , 44541 41 63 and and CC 44541 41 64 immediately immediately RB 44541 41 65 from from IN 44541 41 66 a a DT 44541 41 67 series series NN 44541 41 68 of of IN 44541 41 69 primates primate NNS 44541 41 70 ) ) -RRB- 44541 41 71 . . . 44541 42 1 We -PRON- PRP 44541 42 2 are be VBP 44541 42 3 absolutely absolutely RB 44541 42 4 convinced convinced JJ 44541 42 5 that that IN 44541 42 6 only only RB 44541 42 7 the the DT 44541 42 8 latter latter JJ 44541 42 9 theory theory NN 44541 42 10 is be VBZ 44541 42 11 fully fully RB 44541 42 12 scientific scientific JJ 44541 42 13 . . . 44541 43 1 To to TO 44541 43 2 prove prove VB 44541 43 3 its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 43 4 truth truth NN 44541 43 5 , , , 44541 43 6 we -PRON- PRP 44541 43 7 have have VBP 44541 43 8 to to TO 44541 43 9 examine examine VB 44541 43 10 critically critically RB 44541 43 11 the the DT 44541 43 12 strength strength NN 44541 43 13 of of IN 44541 43 14 the the DT 44541 43 15 different different JJ 44541 43 16 arguments argument NNS 44541 43 17 claimed claim VBD 44541 43 18 for for IN 44541 43 19 it -PRON- PRP 44541 43 20 . . . 44541 44 1 I. I. NNP 44541 45 1 First first RB 44541 45 2 , , , 44541 45 3 we -PRON- PRP 44541 45 4 have have VBP 44541 45 5 to to TO 44541 45 6 consider consider VB 44541 45 7 the the DT 44541 45 8 relative relative JJ 44541 45 9 place place NN 44541 45 10 which which WDT 44541 45 11 comparative comparative JJ 44541 45 12 anatomy anatomy NN 44541 45 13 concedes concede VBZ 44541 45 14 to to TO 44541 45 15 man man NN 44541 45 16 in in IN 44541 45 17 the the DT 44541 45 18 ' ' `` 44541 45 19 natural natural JJ 44541 45 20 system system NN 44541 45 21 ' ' '' 44541 45 22 of of IN 44541 45 23 animals animal NNS 44541 45 24 , , , 44541 45 25 for for IN 44541 45 26 the the DT 44541 45 27 true true JJ 44541 45 28 value value NN 44541 45 29 of of IN 44541 45 30 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 45 31 ' ' `` 44541 45 32 natural natural JJ 44541 45 33 classification classification NN 44541 45 34 ' ' '' 44541 45 35 is be VBZ 44541 45 36 based base VBN 44541 45 37 upon upon IN 44541 45 38 its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 45 39 meaning meaning NN 44541 45 40 as as IN 44541 45 41 a a DT 44541 45 42 pedigree pedigree NN 44541 45 43 . . . 44541 46 1 All all PDT 44541 46 2 the the DT 44541 46 3 minor minor JJ 44541 46 4 and and CC 44541 46 5 major major JJ 44541 46 6 groups group NNS 44541 46 7 of of IN 44541 46 8 the the DT 44541 46 9 system system NN 44541 46 10 -- -- : 44541 46 11 the the DT 44541 46 12 classes class NNS 44541 46 13 , , , 44541 46 14 legions legion NNS 44541 46 15 , , , 44541 46 16 orders order NNS 44541 46 17 , , , 44541 46 18 families family NNS 44541 46 19 , , , 44541 46 20 genera genera NN 44541 46 21 , , , 44541 46 22 and and CC 44541 46 23 species specie NNS 44541 46 24 -- -- : 44541 46 25 are be VBP 44541 46 26 only only RB 44541 46 27 different different JJ 44541 46 28 branches branch NNS 44541 46 29 of of IN 44541 46 30 the the DT 44541 46 31 same same JJ 44541 46 32 pedigree pedigree NN 44541 46 33 . . . 44541 47 1 For for IN 44541 47 2 man man NN 44541 47 3 himself -PRON- PRP 44541 47 4 , , , 44541 47 5 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 47 6 place place NN 44541 47 7 in in IN 44541 47 8 the the DT 44541 47 9 pedigree pedigree NN 44541 47 10 has have VBZ 44541 47 11 been be VBN 44541 47 12 fixed fix VBN 44541 47 13 since since IN 44541 47 14 Lamarck,[4 Lamarck,[4 NNP 44541 47 15 ] ] -RRB- 44541 47 16 in in IN 44541 47 17 1801 1801 CD 44541 47 18 , , , 44541 47 19 defined define VBD 44541 47 20 the the DT 44541 47 21 group group NN 44541 47 22 of of IN 44541 47 23 vertebrates vertebrate NNS 44541 47 24 . . . 44541 48 1 The the DT 44541 48 2 most most JJS 44541 48 3 perfect[5 perfect[5 NN 44541 48 4 ] ] -RRB- 44541 48 5 of of IN 44541 48 6 these these DT 44541 48 7 are be VBP 44541 48 8 the the DT 44541 48 9 Mammalia Mammalia NNP 44541 48 10 ; ; : 44541 48 11 and and CC 44541 48 12 at at IN 44541 48 13 the the DT 44541 48 14 head head NN 44541 48 15 of of IN 44541 48 16 this this DT 44541 48 17 class class NN 44541 48 18 stands stand VBZ 44541 48 19 the the DT 44541 48 20 order order NN 44541 48 21 of of IN 44541 48 22 Primates Primates NNPS 44541 48 23 , , , 44541 48 24 in in IN 44541 48 25 which which WDT 44541 48 26 Linnæus Linnæus NNP 44541 48 27 , , , 44541 48 28 in in IN 44541 48 29 1735 1735 CD 44541 48 30 , , , 44541 48 31 united united NNP 44541 48 32 four four CD 44541 48 33 ' ' '' 44541 48 34 genera'--Homo genera'--homo NN 44541 48 35 , , , 44541 48 36 Simia Simia NNP 44541 48 37 , , , 44541 48 38 Lemur Lemur NNP 44541 48 39 , , , 44541 48 40 and and CC 44541 48 41 Vespertilio Vespertilio NNP 44541 48 42 . . . 44541 49 1 If if IN 44541 49 2 we -PRON- PRP 44541 49 3 exclude exclude VBP 44541 49 4 the the DT 44541 49 5 last last RB 44541 49 6 - - HYPH 44541 49 7 named name VBN 44541 49 8 , , , 44541 49 9 the the DT 44541 49 10 Chiroptera Chiroptera NNP 44541 49 11 of of IN 44541 49 12 modern modern JJ 44541 49 13 zoology zoology NN 44541 49 14 , , , 44541 49 15 there there EX 44541 49 16 remain remain VBP 44541 49 17 three three CD 44541 49 18 natural natural JJ 44541 49 19 groups group NNS 44541 49 20 of of IN 44541 49 21 Primates Primates NNPS 44541 49 22 -- -- : 44541 49 23 the the DT 44541 49 24 Lemures Lemures NNPS 44541 49 25 , , , 44541 49 26 the the DT 44541 49 27 Simiæ Simiæ NNP 44541 49 28 , , , 44541 49 29 and and CC 44541 49 30 the the DT 44541 49 31 Anthropi Anthropi NNP 44541 49 32 or or CC 44541 49 33 Hominidæ Hominidæ NNP 44541 49 34 . . . 44541 50 1 This this DT 44541 50 2 is be VBZ 44541 50 3 the the DT 44541 50 4 classification classification NN 44541 50 5 of of IN 44541 50 6 the the DT 44541 50 7 majority majority NN 44541 50 8 of of IN 44541 50 9 zoologists zoologists NNPS 44541 50 10 ; ; : 44541 50 11 but but CC 44541 50 12 if if IN 44541 50 13 we -PRON- PRP 44541 50 14 compare compare VBP 44541 50 15 man man NN 44541 50 16 with with IN 44541 50 17 the the DT 44541 50 18 two two CD 44541 50 19 chief chief JJ 44541 50 20 groups group NNS 44541 50 21 of of IN 44541 50 22 monkeys monkey NNS 44541 50 23 -- -- : 44541 50 24 the the DT 44541 50 25 Eastern eastern JJ 44541 50 26 monkeys monkey NNS 44541 50 27 ( ( -LRB- 44541 50 28 or or CC 44541 50 29 Catarrhinæ Catarrhinæ NNP 44541 50 30 ) ) -RRB- 44541 50 31 and and CC 44541 50 32 the the DT 44541 50 33 Western western JJ 44541 50 34 or or CC 44541 50 35 American american JJ 44541 50 36 monkeys monkey NNS 44541 50 37 ( ( -LRB- 44541 50 38 Platyrrhinæ)--there platyrrhinæ)--there NN 44541 50 39 can can MD 44541 50 40 be be VB 44541 50 41 no no DT 44541 50 42 doubt doubt NN 44541 50 43 that that IN 44541 50 44 the the DT 44541 50 45 former former JJ 44541 50 46 group group NN 44541 50 47 is be VBZ 44541 50 48 much much RB 44541 50 49 more more RBR 44541 50 50 closely closely RB 44541 50 51 related related JJ 44541 50 52 to to IN 44541 50 53 man man NN 44541 50 54 than than IN 44541 50 55 is be VBZ 44541 50 56 the the DT 44541 50 57 latter latter JJ 44541 50 58 . . . 44541 51 1 In in IN 44541 51 2 the the DT 44541 51 3 natural natural JJ 44541 51 4 order order NN 44541 51 5 of of IN 44541 51 6 the the DT 44541 51 7 Catarrhinæ Catarrhinæ NNP 44541 51 8 we -PRON- PRP 44541 51 9 find find VBP 44541 51 10 united united JJ 44541 51 11 a a DT 44541 51 12 long long JJ 44541 51 13 series series NN 44541 51 14 of of IN 44541 51 15 lower low JJR 44541 51 16 and and CC 44541 51 17 higher high JJR 44541 51 18 forms form NNS 44541 51 19 . . . 44541 52 1 The the DT 44541 52 2 lowest low JJS 44541 52 3 , , , 44541 52 4 the the DT 44541 52 5 Cynopitheci Cynopitheci NNP 44541 52 6 , , , 44541 52 7 appear appear VBP 44541 52 8 still still RB 44541 52 9 closely closely RB 44541 52 10 related related JJ 44541 52 11 to to IN 44541 52 12 the the DT 44541 52 13 Platyrrhinæ Platyrrhinæ NNP 44541 52 14 and and CC 44541 52 15 to to IN 44541 52 16 the the DT 44541 52 17 Lemures Lemures NNPS 44541 52 18 ; ; : 44541 52 19 while while IN 44541 52 20 , , , 44541 52 21 on on IN 44541 52 22 the the DT 44541 52 23 other other JJ 44541 52 24 hand hand NN 44541 52 25 , , , 44541 52 26 the the DT 44541 52 27 tailless tailless NN 44541 52 28 apes ape NNS 44541 52 29 ( ( -LRB- 44541 52 30 Anthropomorphæ Anthropomorphæ NNP 44541 52 31 ) ) -RRB- 44541 52 32 approach approach NN 44541 52 33 man man NN 44541 52 34 through through IN 44541 52 35 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 52 36 higher high JJR 44541 52 37 organization organization NN 44541 52 38 . . . 44541 53 1 Hence hence RB 44541 53 2 one one CD 44541 53 3 of of IN 44541 53 4 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 53 5 best good JJS 44541 53 6 authorities authority NNS 44541 53 7 on on IN 44541 53 8 the the DT 44541 53 9 Primates Primates NNPS 44541 53 10 , , , 44541 53 11 Robert Robert NNP 44541 53 12 Hartmann,[6 Hartmann,[6 NNP 44541 53 13 ] ] -RRB- 44541 53 14 proposed propose VBD 44541 53 15 to to TO 44541 53 16 subdivide subdivide VB 44541 53 17 the the DT 44541 53 18 whole whole JJ 44541 53 19 order order NN 44541 53 20 of of IN 44541 53 21 the the DT 44541 53 22 Simiæ Simiæ NNP 44541 53 23 into into IN 44541 53 24 three three CD 44541 53 25 groups group NNS 44541 53 26 : : : 44541 53 27 ( ( -LRB- 44541 53 28 1 1 LS 44541 53 29 ) ) -RRB- 44541 53 30 Primarii primarii RB 44541 53 31 , , , 44541 53 32 man man NN 44541 53 33 together together RB 44541 53 34 with with IN 44541 53 35 the the DT 44541 53 36 other other JJ 44541 53 37 Anthropomorphæ Anthropomorphæ NNP 44541 53 38 , , , 44541 53 39 or or CC 44541 53 40 tailless tailless NN 44541 53 41 apes ape NNS 44541 53 42 ; ; : 44541 53 43 ( ( -LRB- 44541 53 44 2 2 LS 44541 53 45 ) ) -RRB- 44541 53 46 Simiæ Simiæ NNP 44541 53 47 , , , 44541 53 48 all all PDT 44541 53 49 the the DT 44541 53 50 other other JJ 44541 53 51 monkeys monkey NNS 44541 53 52 ; ; , 44541 53 53 ( ( -LRB- 44541 53 54 3 3 LS 44541 53 55 ) ) -RRB- 44541 53 56 Prosimiæ Prosimiæ NNP 44541 53 57 , , , 44541 53 58 or or CC 44541 53 59 Lemurs Lemurs NNP 44541 53 60 . . . 44541 54 1 This this DT 44541 54 2 arrangement arrangement NN 44541 54 3 has have VBZ 44541 54 4 received receive VBN 44541 54 5 strong strong JJ 44541 54 6 support support NN 44541 54 7 from from IN 44541 54 8 the the DT 44541 54 9 interesting interesting JJ 44541 54 10 discovery discovery NN 44541 54 11 by by IN 44541 54 12 Selenka Selenka NNP 44541 54 13 that that IN 44541 54 14 the the DT 44541 54 15 peculiar peculiar JJ 44541 54 16 placentation placentation NN 44541 54 17 of of IN 44541 54 18 the the DT 44541 54 19 human human JJ 44541 54 20 embryo embryo NN 44541 54 21 is be VBZ 44541 54 22 the the DT 44541 54 23 same same JJ 44541 54 24 as as IN 44541 54 25 in in IN 44541 54 26 the the DT 44541 54 27 great great JJ 44541 54 28 apes ape NNS 44541 54 29 , , , 44541 54 30 and and CC 44541 54 31 different different JJ 44541 54 32 from from IN 44541 54 33 that that DT 44541 54 34 of of IN 44541 54 35 all all PDT 44541 54 36 the the DT 44541 54 37 other other JJ 44541 54 38 monkeys monkey NNS 44541 54 39 . . . 44541 55 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 55 2 choice choice NN 44541 55 3 between between IN 44541 55 4 these these DT 44541 55 5 different different JJ 44541 55 6 classifications classification NNS 44541 55 7 of of IN 44541 55 8 Primates Primates NNPS 44541 55 9 is be VBZ 44541 55 10 best well RBS 44541 55 11 determined determine VBN 44541 55 12 by by IN 44541 55 13 the the DT 44541 55 14 important important JJ 44541 55 15 thesis thesis NN 44541 55 16 of of IN 44541 55 17 Huxley Huxley NNP 44541 55 18 , , , 44541 55 19 in in IN 44541 55 20 which which WDT 44541 55 21 , , , 44541 55 22 in in IN 44541 55 23 1863 1863 CD 44541 55 24 , , , 44541 55 25 he -PRON- PRP 44541 55 26 carried carry VBD 44541 55 27 out out RP 44541 55 28 a a DT 44541 55 29 most most RBS 44541 55 30 careful careful JJ 44541 55 31 and and CC 44541 55 32 critical critical JJ 44541 55 33 comparison comparison NN 44541 55 34 of of IN 44541 55 35 all all PDT 44541 55 36 the the DT 44541 55 37 anatomical anatomical JJ 44541 55 38 gradations gradation NNS 44541 55 39 within within IN 44541 55 40 this this DT 44541 55 41 order order NN 44541 55 42 . . . 44541 56 1 In in IN 44541 56 2 my -PRON- PRP$ 44541 56 3 opinion opinion NN 44541 56 4 , , , 44541 56 5 this this DT 44541 56 6 ingenious ingenious JJ 44541 56 7 thesis thesis NN 44541 56 8 -- -- : 44541 56 9 which which WDT 44541 56 10 I -PRON- PRP 44541 56 11 have have VBP 44541 56 12 called call VBN 44541 56 13 the the DT 44541 56 14 Huxleyan Huxleyan NNP 44541 56 15 Law Law NNP 44541 56 16 , , , 44541 56 17 or or CC 44541 56 18 the the DT 44541 56 19 ' ' `` 44541 56 20 Pithecometra Pithecometra NNP 44541 56 21 - - HYPH 44541 56 22 thesis thesis NN 44541 56 23 of of IN 44541 56 24 Huxley'--is Huxley'--is NNP 44541 56 25 of of IN 44541 56 26 the the DT 44541 56 27 utmost utmost JJ 44541 56 28 value value NN 44541 56 29 . . . 44541 57 1 It -PRON- PRP 44541 57 2 runs run VBZ 44541 57 3 as as IN 44541 57 4 follows follow VBZ 44541 57 5 : : : 44541 57 6 ' ' '' 44541 57 7 Thus thus RB 44541 57 8 , , , 44541 57 9 whatever whatever WDT 44541 57 10 system system NN 44541 57 11 of of IN 44541 57 12 organs organ NNS 44541 57 13 be be VB 44541 57 14 studied study VBN 44541 57 15 , , , 44541 57 16 the the DT 44541 57 17 comparison comparison NN 44541 57 18 of of IN 44541 57 19 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 57 20 modifications modification NNS 44541 57 21 in in IN 44541 57 22 the the DT 44541 57 23 ape ape NN 44541 57 24 - - HYPH 44541 57 25 series series NN 44541 57 26 leads lead VBZ 44541 57 27 to to IN 44541 57 28 one one CD 44541 57 29 and and CC 44541 57 30 the the DT 44541 57 31 same same JJ 44541 57 32 result result NN 44541 57 33 -- -- : 44541 57 34 that that IN 44541 57 35 the the DT 44541 57 36 structural structural JJ 44541 57 37 differences difference NNS 44541 57 38 which which WDT 44541 57 39 separate separate VBP 44541 57 40 man man NN 44541 57 41 from from IN 44541 57 42 the the DT 44541 57 43 gorilla gorilla NN 44541 57 44 and and CC 44541 57 45 the the DT 44541 57 46 chimpanzee chimpanzee NN 44541 57 47 are be VBP 44541 57 48 not not RB 44541 57 49 so so RB 44541 57 50 great great JJ 44541 57 51 as as IN 44541 57 52 those those DT 44541 57 53 which which WDT 44541 57 54 separate separate VBP 44541 57 55 the the DT 44541 57 56 gorilla gorilla NN 44541 57 57 from from IN 44541 57 58 the the DT 44541 57 59 lower low JJR 44541 57 60 apes ape NNS 44541 57 61 . . . 44541 57 62 ' ' '' 44541 58 1 If if IN 44541 58 2 we -PRON- PRP 44541 58 3 accept accept VBP 44541 58 4 the the DT 44541 58 5 Huxleyan Huxleyan NNP 44541 58 6 law law NN 44541 58 7 without without IN 44541 58 8 prejudice prejudice NN 44541 58 9 , , , 44541 58 10 and and CC 44541 58 11 apply apply VB 44541 58 12 it -PRON- PRP 44541 58 13 to to IN 44541 58 14 the the DT 44541 58 15 natural natural JJ 44541 58 16 classification classification NN 44541 58 17 of of IN 44541 58 18 the the DT 44541 58 19 Primates Primates NNPS 44541 58 20 , , , 44541 58 21 we -PRON- PRP 44541 58 22 must must MD 44541 58 23 concede concede VB 44541 58 24 that that DT 44541 58 25 man man NN 44541 58 26 's 's POS 44541 58 27 place place NN 44541 58 28 is be VBZ 44541 58 29 within within IN 44541 58 30 the the DT 44541 58 31 order order NN 44541 58 32 of of IN 44541 58 33 the the DT 44541 58 34 Simiæ Simiæ NNP 44541 58 35 . . . 44541 59 1 On on IN 44541 59 2 examining examine VBG 44541 59 3 this this DT 44541 59 4 relation relation NN 44541 59 5 with with IN 44541 59 6 care care NN 44541 59 7 , , , 44541 59 8 and and CC 44541 59 9 judging judge VBG 44541 59 10 with with IN 44541 59 11 logical logical JJ 44541 59 12 persistence persistence NN 44541 59 13 , , , 44541 59 14 we -PRON- PRP 44541 59 15 may may MD 44541 59 16 even even RB 44541 59 17 go go VB 44541 59 18 a a DT 44541 59 19 step step NN 44541 59 20 further far RBR 44541 59 21 . . . 44541 60 1 Instead instead RB 44541 60 2 of of IN 44541 60 3 the the DT 44541 60 4 wider wide JJR 44541 60 5 conception conception NN 44541 60 6 of of IN 44541 60 7 ' ' '' 44541 60 8 Simiæ Simiæ NNP 44541 60 9 , , , 44541 60 10 ' ' '' 44541 60 11 we -PRON- PRP 44541 60 12 must must MD 44541 60 13 use use VB 44541 60 14 the the DT 44541 60 15 restricted restricted JJ 44541 60 16 term term NN 44541 60 17 of of IN 44541 60 18 Catarrhinæ Catarrhinæ NNP 44541 60 19 , , , 44541 60 20 and and CC 44541 60 21 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 60 22 Pithecometra Pithecometra NNP 44541 60 23 - - HYPH 44541 60 24 thesis thesis NN 44541 60 25 has have VBZ 44541 60 26 then then RB 44541 60 27 to to TO 44541 60 28 be be VB 44541 60 29 formulated formulate VBN 44541 60 30 as as IN 44541 60 31 follows follow VBZ 44541 60 32 : : : 44541 60 33 _ _ NNP 44541 60 34 The the DT 44541 60 35 comparative comparative JJ 44541 60 36 anatomy anatomy NN 44541 60 37 of of IN 44541 60 38 all all DT 44541 60 39 organs organ NNS 44541 60 40 of of IN 44541 60 41 the the DT 44541 60 42 group group NN 44541 60 43 of of IN 44541 60 44 Catarrhine Catarrhine NNP 44541 60 45 Simiæ Simiæ NNP 44541 60 46 leads lead VBZ 44541 60 47 to to IN 44541 60 48 the the DT 44541 60 49 result result NN 44541 60 50 that that IN 44541 60 51 the the DT 44541 60 52 morphological morphological JJ 44541 60 53 differences difference NNS 44541 60 54 between between IN 44541 60 55 man man NN 44541 60 56 and and CC 44541 60 57 the the DT 44541 60 58 great great JJ 44541 60 59 apes ape NNS 44541 60 60 are be VBP 44541 60 61 not not RB 44541 60 62 so so RB 44541 60 63 great great JJ 44541 60 64 as as IN 44541 60 65 are be VBP 44541 60 66 those those DT 44541 60 67 between between IN 44541 60 68 the the DT 44541 60 69 man man NN 44541 60 70 - - HYPH 44541 60 71 like like JJ 44541 60 72 apes ape NNS 44541 60 73 and and CC 44541 60 74 the the DT 44541 60 75 lowest low JJS 44541 60 76 Catarrhinæ Catarrhinæ NNP 44541 60 77 _ _ NNP 44541 60 78 . . . 44541 61 1 In in IN 44541 61 2 fact fact NN 44541 61 3 , , , 44541 61 4 it -PRON- PRP 44541 61 5 is be VBZ 44541 61 6 very very RB 44541 61 7 difficult difficult JJ 44541 61 8 to to TO 44541 61 9 show show VB 44541 61 10 why why WRB 44541 61 11 man man NN 44541 61 12 should should MD 44541 61 13 not not RB 44541 61 14 be be VB 44541 61 15 classed class VBN 44541 61 16 with with IN 44541 61 17 the the DT 44541 61 18 large large JJ 44541 61 19 apes ape NNS 44541 61 20 in in IN 44541 61 21 the the DT 44541 61 22 same same JJ 44541 61 23 zoological zoological JJ 44541 61 24 family family NN 44541 61 25 . . . 44541 62 1 We -PRON- PRP 44541 62 2 all all DT 44541 62 3 know know VBP 44541 62 4 a a DT 44541 62 5 man man NN 44541 62 6 from from IN 44541 62 7 an an DT 44541 62 8 ape ape NN 44541 62 9 ; ; : 44541 62 10 but but CC 44541 62 11 it -PRON- PRP 44541 62 12 is be VBZ 44541 62 13 quite quite PDT 44541 62 14 another another DT 44541 62 15 thing thing NN 44541 62 16 to to TO 44541 62 17 find find VB 44541 62 18 differences difference NNS 44541 62 19 which which WDT 44541 62 20 are be VBP 44541 62 21 absolute absolute JJ 44541 62 22 and and CC 44541 62 23 not not RB 44541 62 24 of of IN 44541 62 25 degree degree NN 44541 62 26 only only RB 44541 62 27 . . . 44541 63 1 Speaking speak VBG 44541 63 2 generally generally RB 44541 63 3 , , , 44541 63 4 we -PRON- PRP 44541 63 5 may may MD 44541 63 6 say say VB 44541 63 7 that that DT 44541 63 8 man man NN 44541 63 9 alone alone RB 44541 63 10 combines combine VBZ 44541 63 11 the the DT 44541 63 12 four four CD 44541 63 13 following follow VBG 44541 63 14 features feature NNS 44541 63 15 : : : 44541 63 16 ( ( -LRB- 44541 63 17 1 1 LS 44541 63 18 ) ) -RRB- 44541 63 19 Erect erect NN 44541 63 20 walk walk NN 44541 63 21 ; ; , 44541 63 22 ( ( -LRB- 44541 63 23 2 2 LS 44541 63 24 ) ) -RRB- 44541 63 25 extremities extremity NNS 44541 63 26 differentiated differentiate VBN 44541 63 27 accordingly accordingly RB 44541 63 28 ; ; : 44541 63 29 ( ( -LRB- 44541 63 30 3 3 LS 44541 63 31 ) ) -RRB- 44541 63 32 articulate articulate VB 44541 63 33 speech speech NN 44541 63 34 ; ; : 44541 63 35 ( ( -LRB- 44541 63 36 4 4 LS 44541 63 37 ) ) -RRB- 44541 63 38 higher high JJR 44541 63 39 reasoning reasoning NN 44541 63 40 power power NN 44541 63 41 . . . 44541 64 1 Speech speech NN 44541 64 2 and and CC 44541 64 3 reason reason NN 44541 64 4 are be VBP 44541 64 5 obviously obviously RB 44541 64 6 relative relative JJ 44541 64 7 distinctions distinction NNS 44541 64 8 only only RB 44541 64 9 -- -- : 44541 64 10 the the DT 44541 64 11 direct direct JJ 44541 64 12 result result NN 44541 64 13 of of IN 44541 64 14 more more JJR 44541 64 15 brains brain NNS 44541 64 16 and and CC 44541 64 17 more more JJR 44541 64 18 brain brain NN 44541 64 19 - - HYPH 44541 64 20 power power NN 44541 64 21 , , , 44541 64 22 the the DT 44541 64 23 so so RB 44541 64 24 - - HYPH 44541 64 25 called call VBN 44541 64 26 mental mental JJ 44541 64 27 faculties faculty NNS 44541 64 28 . . . 44541 65 1 The the DT 44541 65 2 erect erect NN 44541 65 3 walk walk NN 44541 65 4 is be VBZ 44541 65 5 not not RB 44541 65 6 an an DT 44541 65 7 absolutely absolutely RB 44541 65 8 distinguishing distinguish VBG 44541 65 9 characteristic characteristic NN 44541 65 10 : : : 44541 65 11 the the DT 44541 65 12 large large JJ 44541 65 13 apes ape NNS 44541 65 14 likewise likewise RB 44541 65 15 walk walk VBP 44541 65 16 on on IN 44541 65 17 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 65 18 feet foot NNS 44541 65 19 only only RB 44541 65 20 , , , 44541 65 21 supporting support VBG 44541 65 22 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 65 23 bodies body NNS 44541 65 24 by by IN 44541 65 25 touching touch VBG 44541 65 26 the the DT 44541 65 27 ground ground NN 44541 65 28 with with IN 44541 65 29 the the DT 44541 65 30 backs back NNS 44541 65 31 of of IN 44541 65 32 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 65 33 hands hand NNS 44541 65 34 -- -- : 44541 65 35 in in IN 44541 65 36 fact fact NN 44541 65 37 , , , 44541 65 38 with with IN 44541 65 39 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 65 40 knuckles knuckle NNS 44541 65 41 -- -- : 44541 65 42 and and CC 44541 65 43 this this DT 44541 65 44 is be VBZ 44541 65 45 a a DT 44541 65 46 mode mode NN 44541 65 47 of of IN 44541 65 48 progression progression NN 44541 65 49 very very RB 44541 65 50 different different JJ 44541 65 51 from from IN 44541 65 52 that that DT 44541 65 53 of of IN 44541 65 54 the the DT 44541 65 55 tailed tailed JJ 44541 65 56 monkeys monkey NNS 44541 65 57 , , , 44541 65 58 which which WDT 44541 65 59 walk walk VBP 44541 65 60 upon upon IN 44541 65 61 the the DT 44541 65 62 palms palm NNS 44541 65 63 of of IN 44541 65 64 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 65 65 hands hand NNS 44541 65 66 . . . 44541 66 1 There there EX 44541 66 2 are be VBP 44541 66 3 , , , 44541 66 4 however however RB 44541 66 5 , , , 44541 66 6 two two CD 44541 66 7 obvious obvious JJ 44541 66 8 differences difference NNS 44541 66 9 in in IN 44541 66 10 the the DT 44541 66 11 development development NN 44541 66 12 of of IN 44541 66 13 the the DT 44541 66 14 muscles muscle NNS 44541 66 15 . . . 44541 67 1 In in IN 44541 67 2 man man NN 44541 67 3 alone alone RB 44541 67 4 the the DT 44541 67 5 gastrocnemius gastrocnemius NN 44541 67 6 and and CC 44541 67 7 the the DT 44541 67 8 soleus soleus NNP 44541 67 9 muscle muscle NN 44541 67 10 are be VBP 44541 67 11 thick thick JJ 44541 67 12 enough enough RB 44541 67 13 to to TO 44541 67 14 form form VB 44541 67 15 the the DT 44541 67 16 calf calf NN 44541 67 17 of of IN 44541 67 18 the the DT 44541 67 19 leg leg NN 44541 67 20 , , , 44541 67 21 and and CC 44541 67 22 the the DT 44541 67 23 glutæus glutæus NNP 44541 67 24 maximus maximus NNP 44541 67 25 is be VBZ 44541 67 26 enlarged enlarge VBN 44541 67 27 into into IN 44541 67 28 the the DT 44541 67 29 buttocks buttock NNS 44541 67 30 . . . 44541 68 1 A a DT 44541 68 2 fourth fourth JJ 44541 68 3 glutæal glutæal NN 44541 68 4 muscle muscle NN 44541 68 5 occurs occur VBZ 44541 68 6 occasionally occasionally RB 44541 68 7 in in IN 44541 68 8 man man NN 44541 68 9 , , , 44541 68 10 while while IN 44541 68 11 it -PRON- PRP 44541 68 12 is be VBZ 44541 68 13 constantly constantly RB 44541 68 14 present present JJ 44541 68 15 in in IN 44541 68 16 apes ape NNS 44541 68 17 as as IN 44541 68 18 the the DT 44541 68 19 so so RB 44541 68 20 - - HYPH 44541 68 21 called call VBN 44541 68 22 musculus musculus NNP 44541 68 23 scansorius scansorius NN 44541 68 24 . . . 44541 69 1 Concerning concern VBG 44541 69 2 the the DT 44541 69 3 muscles muscle NNS 44541 69 4 of of IN 44541 69 5 the the DT 44541 69 6 whole whole JJ 44541 69 7 body body NN 44541 69 8 , , , 44541 69 9 we -PRON- PRP 44541 69 10 can can MD 44541 69 11 not not RB 44541 69 12 do do VB 44541 69 13 better well RBR 44541 69 14 than than IN 44541 69 15 quote quote VB 44541 69 16 Testut Testut NNP 44541 69 17 's 's POS 44541 69 18 summary summary NN 44541 69 19 : : : 44541 69 20 ' ' '' 44541 69 21 The the DT 44541 69 22 mass mass NN 44541 69 23 of of IN 44541 69 24 recorded record VBN 44541 69 25 observations observation NNS 44541 69 26 upon upon IN 44541 69 27 the the DT 44541 69 28 muscular muscular JJ 44541 69 29 anomalies anomaly NNS 44541 69 30 in in IN 44541 69 31 man man NN 44541 69 32 is be VBZ 44541 69 33 so so RB 44541 69 34 great great JJ 44541 69 35 , , , 44541 69 36 and and CC 44541 69 37 the the DT 44541 69 38 agreement agreement NN 44541 69 39 of of IN 44541 69 40 many many JJ 44541 69 41 of of IN 44541 69 42 these these DT 44541 69 43 with with IN 44541 69 44 the the DT 44541 69 45 condition condition NN 44541 69 46 normal normal JJ 44541 69 47 in in IN 44541 69 48 apes ape NNS 44541 69 49 is be VBZ 44541 69 50 so so RB 44541 69 51 marked marked JJ 44541 69 52 , , , 44541 69 53 that that IN 44541 69 54 the the DT 44541 69 55 gap gap NN 44541 69 56 which which WDT 44541 69 57 usually usually RB 44541 69 58 separates separate VBZ 44541 69 59 the the DT 44541 69 60 muscular muscular JJ 44541 69 61 system system NN 44541 69 62 of of IN 44541 69 63 man man NN 44541 69 64 from from IN 44541 69 65 that that DT 44541 69 66 of of IN 44541 69 67 the the DT 44541 69 68 apes ape NNS 44541 69 69 appears appear VBZ 44541 69 70 to to TO 44541 69 71 be be VB 44541 69 72 completely completely RB 44541 69 73 bridged bridge VBN 44541 69 74 over over RP 44541 69 75 . . . 44541 69 76 ' ' '' 44541 70 1 [ [ -LRB- 44541 70 2 4 4 LS 44541 70 3 ] ] -RRB- 44541 70 4 See see VB 44541 70 5 note note NN 44541 70 6 , , , 44541 70 7 p. p. NN 44541 70 8 80 80 CD 44541 70 9 . . . 44541 71 1 [ [ -LRB- 44541 71 2 5 5 CD 44541 71 3 ] ] -RRB- 44541 71 4 _ _ NNP 44541 71 5 Perfect Perfect NNP 44541 71 6 _ _ NNP 44541 71 7 , , , 44541 71 8 in in IN 44541 71 9 the the DT 44541 71 10 sense sense NN 44541 71 11 of of IN 44541 71 12 highest high JJS 44541 71 13 stage stage NN 44541 71 14 of of IN 44541 71 15 evolution evolution NN 44541 71 16 , , , 44541 71 17 may may MD 44541 71 18 seem seem VB 44541 71 19 a a DT 44541 71 20 _ _ NNP 44541 71 21 petitio petitio NN 44541 71 22 principii principii NN 44541 71 23 _ _ NNP 44541 71 24 . . . 44541 72 1 Leaving leave VBG 44541 72 2 aside aside RB 44541 72 3 the the DT 44541 72 4 consideration consideration NN 44541 72 5 that that IN 44541 72 6 no no DT 44541 72 7 living live VBG 44541 72 8 creature creature NN 44541 72 9 is be VBZ 44541 72 10 absolutely absolutely RB 44541 72 11 perfect perfect JJ 44541 72 12 , , , 44541 72 13 in in IN 44541 72 14 the the DT 44541 72 15 sense sense NN 44541 72 16 that that IN 44541 72 17 its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 72 18 organization organization NN 44541 72 19 can can MD 44541 72 20 not not RB 44541 72 21 become become VB 44541 72 22 more more RBR 44541 72 23 efficient efficient JJ 44541 72 24 or or CC 44541 72 25 proficient proficient JJ 44541 72 26 , , , 44541 72 27 we -PRON- PRP 44541 72 28 have have VBP 44541 72 29 here here RB 44541 72 30 to to TO 44541 72 31 deal deal VB 44541 72 32 with with IN 44541 72 33 relative relative JJ 44541 72 34 perfection perfection NN 44541 72 35 of of IN 44541 72 36 the the DT 44541 72 37 whole whole JJ 44541 72 38 organization organization NN 44541 72 39 . . . 44541 73 1 A a DT 44541 73 2 fish fish NN 44541 73 3 or or CC 44541 73 4 a a DT 44541 73 5 snake snake NN 44541 73 6 is be VBZ 44541 73 7 in in IN 44541 73 8 its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 73 9 way way NN 44541 73 10 more more RBR 44541 73 11 specialized specialized JJ 44541 73 12 than than IN 44541 73 13 a a DT 44541 73 14 mammal mammal NN 44541 73 15 ; ; : 44541 73 16 but but CC 44541 73 17 specialization specialization NN 44541 73 18 does do VBZ 44541 73 19 not not RB 44541 73 20 necessarily necessarily RB 44541 73 21 mean mean VB 44541 73 22 height height NN 44541 73 23 of of IN 44541 73 24 development development NN 44541 73 25 : : : 44541 73 26 it -PRON- PRP 44541 73 27 generally generally RB 44541 73 28 means mean VBZ 44541 73 29 life life NN 44541 73 30 in in IN 44541 73 31 a a DT 44541 73 32 comparatively comparatively RB 44541 73 33 narrow narrow JJ 44541 73 34 groove groove NN 44541 73 35 . . . 44541 74 1 The the DT 44541 74 2 acts act NNS 44541 74 3 of of IN 44541 74 4 giving give VBG 44541 74 5 birth birth NN 44541 74 6 and and CC 44541 74 7 nourishing nourish VBG 44541 74 8 the the DT 44541 74 9 young young JJ 44541 74 10 with with IN 44541 74 11 the the DT 44541 74 12 mother mother NN 44541 74 13 's 's POS 44541 74 14 milk milk NN 44541 74 15 is be VBZ 44541 74 16 a a DT 44541 74 17 much much RB 44541 74 18 higher high JJR 44541 74 19 stage stage NN 44541 74 20 than than IN 44541 74 21 the the DT 44541 74 22 act act NN 44541 74 23 of of IN 44541 74 24 laying lay VBG 44541 74 25 eggs egg NNS 44541 74 26 and and CC 44541 74 27 letting let VBG 44541 74 28 them -PRON- PRP 44541 74 29 run run VB 44541 74 30 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 74 31 chance chance NN 44541 74 32 . . . 44541 75 1 The the DT 44541 75 2 development development NN 44541 75 3 of of IN 44541 75 4 a a DT 44541 75 5 hairy hairy JJ 44541 75 6 coat coat NN 44541 75 7 goes go VBZ 44541 75 8 along along RP 44541 75 9 with with IN 44541 75 10 heightened heightened JJ 44541 75 11 temperature temperature NN 44541 75 12 of of IN 44541 75 13 the the DT 44541 75 14 blood blood NN 44541 75 15 , , , 44541 75 16 subsequent subsequent JJ 44541 75 17 greater great JJR 44541 75 18 independence independence NN 44541 75 19 of of IN 44541 75 20 the the DT 44541 75 21 surrounding surround VBG 44541 75 22 temperature temperature NN 44541 75 23 , , , 44541 75 24 and and CC 44541 75 25 increased increase VBD 44541 75 26 steady steady JJ 44541 75 27 activity activity NN 44541 75 28 of of IN 44541 75 29 the the DT 44541 75 30 brain brain NN 44541 75 31 and and CC 44541 75 32 other other JJ 44541 75 33 nerve nerve NN 44541 75 34 - - HYPH 44541 75 35 centres centre NNS 44541 75 36 . . . 44541 76 1 The the DT 44541 76 2 brain brain NN 44541 76 3 of of IN 44541 76 4 the the DT 44541 76 5 Mammalia Mammalia NNP 44541 76 6 , , , 44541 76 7 in in IN 44541 76 8 its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 76 9 minute minute NN 44541 76 10 structure structure NN 44541 76 11 , , , 44541 76 12 is be VBZ 44541 76 13 much much RB 44541 76 14 more more RBR 44541 76 15 complex complex JJ 44541 76 16 . . . 44541 77 1 This this DT 44541 77 2 rule rule NN 44541 77 3 applies apply VBZ 44541 77 4 to to IN 44541 77 5 some some DT 44541 77 6 of of IN 44541 77 7 the the DT 44541 77 8 principal principal JJ 44541 77 9 sense sense NN 44541 77 10 organs organ NNS 44541 77 11 , , , 44541 77 12 chiefly chiefly RB 44541 77 13 the the DT 44541 77 14 nose nose NN 44541 77 15 and and CC 44541 77 16 the the DT 44541 77 17 ear ear NN 44541 77 18 . . . 44541 78 1 The the DT 44541 78 2 skeleton skeleton NN 44541 78 3 , , , 44541 78 4 not not RB 44541 78 5 so so RB 44541 78 6 much much JJ 44541 78 7 as as IN 44541 78 8 a a DT 44541 78 9 whole whole NN 44541 78 10 as as IN 44541 78 11 in in IN 44541 78 12 the the DT 44541 78 13 various various JJ 44541 78 14 bones bone NNS 44541 78 15 and and CC 44541 78 16 joints joint NNS 44541 78 17 , , , 44541 78 18 is be VBZ 44541 78 19 more more RBR 44541 78 20 neatly neatly RB 44541 78 21 finished finish VBN 44541 78 22 , , , 44541 78 23 and and CC 44541 78 24 built build VBD 44541 78 25 up up RP 44541 78 26 more more RBR 44541 78 27 in in IN 44541 78 28 conformity conformity NN 44541 78 29 with with IN 44541 78 30 ' ' `` 44541 78 31 scientific scientific JJ 44541 78 32 principles principle NNS 44541 78 33 , , , 44541 78 34 ' ' '' 44541 78 35 than than IN 44541 78 36 is be VBZ 44541 78 37 the the DT 44541 78 38 case case NN 44541 78 39 even even RB 44541 78 40 with with IN 44541 78 41 birds bird NNS 44541 78 42 , , , 44541 78 43 in in IN 44541 78 44 spite spite NN 44541 78 45 of of IN 44541 78 46 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 78 47 marvellous marvellous JJ 44541 78 48 specialization specialization NN 44541 78 49 . . . 44541 79 1 The the DT 44541 79 2 same same JJ 44541 79 3 is be VBZ 44541 79 4 the the DT 44541 79 5 case case NN 44541 79 6 with with IN 44541 79 7 the the DT 44541 79 8 vascular vascular JJ 44541 79 9 system system NN 44541 79 10 , , , 44541 79 11 notably notably RB 44541 79 12 the the DT 44541 79 13 heart heart NN 44541 79 14 and and CC 44541 79 15 the the DT 44541 79 16 veins vein NNS 44541 79 17 , , , 44541 79 18 and and CC 44541 79 19 with with IN 44541 79 20 the the DT 44541 79 21 excretory excretory JJ 44541 79 22 organs organ NNS 44541 79 23 . . . 44541 80 1 In in IN 44541 80 2 all all DT 44541 80 3 of of IN 44541 80 4 these these DT 44541 80 5 many many JJ 44541 80 6 imperfections imperfection NNS 44541 80 7 , , , 44541 80 8 still still RB 44541 80 9 to to TO 44541 80 10 be be VB 44541 80 11 found find VBN 44541 80 12 in in IN 44541 80 13 the the DT 44541 80 14 other other JJ 44541 80 15 classes class NNS 44541 80 16 , , , 44541 80 17 have have VBP 44541 80 18 been be VBN 44541 80 19 corrected correct VBN 44541 80 20 in in IN 44541 80 21 Mammalia Mammalia NNP 44541 80 22 . . . 44541 81 1 The the DT 44541 81 2 Primates Primates NNPS 44541 81 3 take take VBP 44541 81 4 an an DT 44541 81 5 easy easy JJ 44541 81 6 first first JJ 44541 81 7 by by IN 44541 81 8 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 81 9 hands hand NNS 44541 81 10 , , , 44541 81 11 and and CC 44541 81 12 among among IN 44541 81 13 them -PRON- PRP 44541 81 14 the the DT 44541 81 15 apes ape NNS 44541 81 16 and and CC 44541 81 17 man man VB 44541 81 18 himself -PRON- PRP 44541 81 19 by by IN 44541 81 20 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 81 21 brains brain NNS 44541 81 22 . . . 44541 82 1 [ [ -LRB- 44541 82 2 6 6 CD 44541 82 3 ] ] -RRB- 44541 82 4 ' ' `` 44541 82 5 Die die VB 44541 82 6 menschenähnlichen menschenähnlichen NNP 44541 82 7 Affen Affen NNP 44541 82 8 und und RP 44541 82 9 ihre ihre NNP 44541 82 10 Organisation Organisation NNP 44541 82 11 i -PRON- PRP 44541 82 12 m be VBP 44541 82 13 Vergleich Vergleich NNP 44541 82 14 zur zur NNP 44541 82 15 menschlichen menschlichen NNP 44541 82 16 . . . 44541 82 17 ' ' '' 44541 83 1 1883 1883 CD 44541 83 2 . . . 44541 84 1 There there EX 44541 84 2 are be VBP 44541 84 3 , , , 44541 84 4 for for IN 44541 84 5 example example NN 44541 84 6 , , , 44541 84 7 the the DT 44541 84 8 muscles muscle NNS 44541 84 9 of of IN 44541 84 10 the the DT 44541 84 11 ear ear NN 44541 84 12 . . . 44541 85 1 In in IN 44541 85 2 most most JJS 44541 85 3 people people NNS 44541 85 4 the the DT 44541 85 5 majority majority NN 44541 85 6 , , , 44541 85 7 or or CC 44541 85 8 even even RB 44541 85 9 all all DT 44541 85 10 of of IN 44541 85 11 them -PRON- PRP 44541 85 12 , , , 44541 85 13 are be VBP 44541 85 14 no no RB 44541 85 15 longer long RBR 44541 85 16 movable movable JJ 44541 85 17 at at IN 44541 85 18 will will NN 44541 85 19 , , , 44541 85 20 while while IN 44541 85 21 in in IN 44541 85 22 the the DT 44541 85 23 apes ape NNS 44541 85 24 they -PRON- PRP 44541 85 25 are be VBP 44541 85 26 still still RB 44541 85 27 in in IN 44541 85 28 use use NN 44541 85 29 . . . 44541 86 1 The the DT 44541 86 2 important important JJ 44541 86 3 point point NN 44541 86 4 , , , 44541 86 5 however however RB 44541 86 6 , , , 44541 86 7 is be VBZ 44541 86 8 that that IN 44541 86 9 these these DT 44541 86 10 muscles muscle NNS 44541 86 11 are be VBP 44541 86 12 still still RB 44541 86 13 present present JJ 44541 86 14 in in IN 44541 86 15 man man NN 44541 86 16 , , , 44541 86 17 although although IN 44541 86 18 often often RB 44541 86 19 in in IN 44541 86 20 a a DT 44541 86 21 reduced reduce VBN 44541 86 22 condition condition NN 44541 86 23 . . . 44541 87 1 They -PRON- PRP 44541 87 2 are be VBP 44541 87 3 the the DT 44541 87 4 following follow VBG 44541 87 5 : : : 44541 87 6 ( ( -LRB- 44541 87 7 1 1 LS 44541 87 8 ) ) -RRB- 44541 87 9 Musculus Musculus NNP 44541 87 10 auricularis auricularis NNP 44541 87 11 anterior anterior NNP 44541 87 12 or or CC 44541 87 13 attrahens attrahens NNP 44541 87 14 auris auris NNP 44541 87 15 , , , 44541 87 16 which which WDT 44541 87 17 is be VBZ 44541 87 18 frequently frequently RB 44541 87 19 much much RB 44541 87 20 reduced reduce VBN 44541 87 21 and and CC 44541 87 22 no no RB 44541 87 23 longer long RBR 44541 87 24 reaches reach VBZ 44541 87 25 the the DT 44541 87 26 ear ear NN 44541 87 27 at at RB 44541 87 28 all all RB 44541 87 29 , , , 44541 87 30 being be VBG 44541 87 31 then then RB 44541 87 32 absolutely absolutely RB 44541 87 33 useless useless JJ 44541 87 34 ; ; : 44541 87 35 ( ( -LRB- 44541 87 36 2 2 LS 44541 87 37 ) ) -RRB- 44541 87 38 Musculus Musculus NNP 44541 87 39 auricularis auricularis NNP 44541 87 40 superior superior NNP 44541 87 41 or or CC 44541 87 42 attollens attollens NNP 44541 87 43 auris auris NNP 44541 87 44 , , , 44541 87 45 more more RBR 44541 87 46 constant constant JJ 44541 87 47 than than IN 44541 87 48 the the DT 44541 87 49 former former JJ 44541 87 50 ; ; : 44541 87 51 ( ( -LRB- 44541 87 52 3 3 LS 44541 87 53 ) ) -RRB- 44541 87 54 Musculus Musculus NNP 44541 87 55 auricularis auricularis NNP 44541 87 56 posterior posterior NN 44541 87 57 or or CC 44541 87 58 retrahens retrahens NNP 44541 87 59 auris auris NNP 44541 87 60 , , , 44541 87 61 likewise likewise RB 44541 87 62 often often RB 44541 87 63 functional functional JJ 44541 87 64 . . . 44541 88 1 Occasionally occasionally RB 44541 88 2 smaller small JJR 44541 88 3 slips slip NNS 44541 88 4 differentiated differentiate VBN 44541 88 5 from from IN 44541 88 6 these these DT 44541 88 7 three three CD 44541 88 8 muscles muscle NNS 44541 88 9 are be VBP 44541 88 10 present present JJ 44541 88 11 , , , 44541 88 12 and and CC 44541 88 13 as as IN 44541 88 14 so so RB 44541 88 15 - - HYPH 44541 88 16 called call VBN 44541 88 17 intrinsic intrinsic JJ 44541 88 18 muscles muscle NNS 44541 88 19 are be VBP 44541 88 20 restricted restrict VBN 44541 88 21 to to IN 44541 88 22 the the DT 44541 88 23 ear ear NN 44541 88 24 itself -PRON- PRP 44541 88 25 ; ; : 44541 88 26 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 88 27 function function NN 44541 88 28 is be VBZ 44541 88 29 , , , 44541 88 30 or or CC 44541 88 31 was be VBD 44541 88 32 , , , 44541 88 33 that that DT 44541 88 34 of of IN 44541 88 35 curling curl VBG 44541 88 36 up up RP 44541 88 37 or or CC 44541 88 38 opening open VBG 44541 88 39 the the DT 44541 88 40 external external JJ 44541 88 41 ear ear NN 44541 88 42 . . . 44541 89 1 [ [ -LRB- 44541 89 2 Illustration illustration NN 44541 89 3 : : : 44541 89 4 OUTLINES outlines IN 44541 89 5 OF of IN 44541 89 6 THE the DT 44541 89 7 LEFT left JJ 44541 89 8 EAR EAR NNP 44541 89 9 OF-- of-- NN 44541 89 10 1 1 CD 44541 89 11 . . . 44541 90 1 _ _ NNP 44541 90 2 Lemur Lemur NNP 44541 90 3 macaco macaco NNP 44541 90 4 _ _ NNP 44541 90 5 ; ; : 44541 90 6 2 2 CD 44541 90 7 . . . 44541 91 1 _ _ NNP 44541 91 2 Macacus Macacus NNP 44541 91 3 rhesus rhesus NN 44541 91 4 _ _ NNP 44541 91 5 , , , 44541 91 6 the the DT 44541 91 7 Rhesus Rhesus NNP 44541 91 8 monkey monkey NN 44541 91 9 ; ; : 44541 91 10 3 3 LS 44541 91 11 . . . 44541 92 1 Cercopithecus Cercopithecus NNP 44541 92 2 , , , 44541 92 3 a a DT 44541 92 4 macaque macaque NN 44541 92 5 ; ; : 44541 92 6 4 4 CD 44541 92 7 . . . 44541 92 8 human human JJ 44541 92 9 embryo embryo NN 44541 92 10 of of IN 44541 92 11 six six CD 44541 92 12 months month NNS 44541 92 13 ; ; : 44541 92 14 5 5 CD 44541 92 15 . . . 44541 92 16 man man UH 44541 92 17 , , , 44541 92 18 with with IN 44541 92 19 Darwin Darwin NNP 44541 92 20 's 's POS 44541 92 21 point point NN 44541 92 22 well well RB 44541 92 23 retained retain VBD 44541 92 24 : : : 44541 92 25 the the DT 44541 92 26 dotted dotted JJ 44541 92 27 outline outline NN 44541 92 28 is be VBZ 44541 92 29 that that DT 44541 92 30 of of IN 44541 92 31 the the DT 44541 92 32 ear ear NN 44541 92 33 of of IN 44541 92 34 a a DT 44541 92 35 baboon baboon NN 44541 92 36 ; ; : 44541 92 37 6 6 CD 44541 92 38 . . . 44541 92 39 orang orang NNP 44541 92 40 - - HYPH 44541 92 41 utan utan NNP 44541 92 42 ( ( -LRB- 44541 92 43 after after IN 44541 92 44 G. G. NNP 44541 92 45 Schwalbe):[7 Schwalbe):[7 NNP 44541 92 46 ] ] -RRB- 44541 92 47 ^x ^x NFP 44541 92 48 the the DT 44541 92 49 original original JJ 44541 92 50 tip tip NN 44541 92 51 of of IN 44541 92 52 the the DT 44541 92 53 ear ear NN 44541 92 54 ; ; : 44541 92 55 7 7 LS 44541 92 56 . . . 44541 92 57 human human JJ 44541 92 58 ear ear NN 44541 92 59 with with IN 44541 92 60 the the DT 44541 92 61 principal principal JJ 44541 92 62 muscles muscle NNS 44541 92 63 . . . 44541 93 1 [ [ -LRB- 44541 93 2 7 7 CD 44541 93 3 ] ] -RRB- 44541 93 4 G. G. NNP 44541 93 5 Schwalbe Schwalbe NNP 44541 93 6 , , , 44541 93 7 ' ' '' 44541 93 8 In in IN 44541 93 9 wiefern wiefern JJ 44541 93 10 ist ist NN 44541 93 11 die die VBP 44541 93 12 menschliche menschliche NNP 44541 93 13 Ohrmuschel Ohrmuschel NNP 44541 93 14 ein ein NNP 44541 93 15 rudimentäres rudimentäre VBZ 44541 93 16 Organ Organ NNP 44541 93 17 ? ? . 44541 93 18 ' ' '' 44541 94 1 --In --In : 44541 94 2 what what WP 44541 94 3 Respects respect VBZ 44541 94 4 is be VBZ 44541 94 5 the the DT 44541 94 6 Human human JJ 44541 94 7 Outer Outer NNP 44541 94 8 Ear Ear NNP 44541 94 9 a a DT 44541 94 10 Rudimentary Rudimentary NNP 44541 94 11 Organ Organ NNP 44541 94 12 ? ? . 44541 95 1 ( ( -LRB- 44541 95 2 _ _ NNP 44541 95 3 Archiv Archiv NNP 44541 95 4 f. f. NN 44541 95 5 Anatomie Anatomie NNP 44541 95 6 und und VBP 44541 95 7 Physiologie Physiologie NNP 44541 95 8 _ _ NNP 44541 95 9 , , , 44541 95 10 1889 1889 CD 44541 95 11 ) ) -RRB- 44541 95 12 . . . 44541 95 13 ] ] -RRB- 44541 96 1 In in IN 44541 96 2 connection connection NN 44541 96 3 with with IN 44541 96 4 the the DT 44541 96 5 ear ear NN 44541 96 6 , , , 44541 96 7 I -PRON- PRP 44541 96 8 may may MD 44541 96 9 touch touch VB 44541 96 10 upon upon IN 44541 96 11 another another DT 44541 96 12 interesting interesting JJ 44541 96 13 and and CC 44541 96 14 most most RBS 44541 96 15 suggestive suggestive JJ 44541 96 16 little little JJ 44541 96 17 feature feature NN 44541 96 18 which which WDT 44541 96 19 is be VBZ 44541 96 20 present present JJ 44541 96 21 in in IN 44541 96 22 many many JJ 44541 96 23 individuals individual NNS 44541 96 24 -- -- : 44541 96 25 namely namely RB 44541 96 26 , , , 44541 96 27 ' ' '' 44541 96 28 Darwin Darwin NNP 44541 96 29 's 's POS 44541 96 30 point point NN 44541 96 31 . . . 44541 96 32 ' ' '' 44541 97 1 This this DT 44541 97 2 is be VBZ 44541 97 3 the the DT 44541 97 4 last last JJ 44541 97 5 remnant remnant NN 44541 97 6 of of IN 44541 97 7 the the DT 44541 97 8 original original JJ 44541 97 9 tip tip NN 44541 97 10 of of IN 44541 97 11 the the DT 44541 97 12 ear ear NN 44541 97 13 , , , 44541 97 14 before before IN 44541 97 15 the the DT 44541 97 16 outer outer JJ 44541 97 17 , , , 44541 97 18 upper upper JJ 44541 97 19 , , , 44541 97 20 and and CC 44541 97 21 hinder hinder NNP 44541 97 22 rim rim NN 44541 97 23 became become VBD 44541 97 24 doubled double VBN 44541 97 25 up up RP 44541 97 26 or or CC 44541 97 27 folded fold VBN 44541 97 28 in in IN 44541 97 29 . . . 44541 98 1 It -PRON- PRP 44541 98 2 is be VBZ 44541 98 3 a a DT 44541 98 4 feature feature NN 44541 98 5 quite quite RB 44541 98 6 useless useless JJ 44541 98 7 , , , 44541 98 8 and and CC 44541 98 9 absolutely absolutely RB 44541 98 10 impossible impossible JJ 44541 98 11 of of IN 44541 98 12 interpretation interpretation NN 44541 98 13 , , , 44541 98 14 excepting except VBG 44541 98 15 as as IN 44541 98 16 the the DT 44541 98 17 vestige vestige NN 44541 98 18 of of IN 44541 98 19 such such JJ 44541 98 20 previous previous JJ 44541 98 21 ancestral ancestral JJ 44541 98 22 conditions condition NNS 44541 98 23 as as IN 44541 98 24 are be VBP 44541 98 25 normal normal JJ 44541 98 26 in in IN 44541 98 27 the the DT 44541 98 28 monkeys monkey NNS 44541 98 29 . . . 44541 99 1 In in IN 44541 99 2 some some DT 44541 99 3 cases case NNS 44541 99 4 the the DT 44541 99 5 reduction reduction NN 44541 99 6 of of IN 44541 99 7 muscles muscle NNS 44541 99 8 has have VBZ 44541 99 9 proceeded proceed VBN 44541 99 10 further further RB 44541 99 11 in in IN 44541 99 12 apes ape NNS 44541 99 13 than than IN 44541 99 14 in in IN 44541 99 15 man man NN 44541 99 16 -- -- : 44541 99 17 for for IN 44541 99 18 example example NN 44541 99 19 , , , 44541 99 20 the the DT 44541 99 21 muscles muscle NNS 44541 99 22 of of IN 44541 99 23 the the DT 44541 99 24 little little JJ 44541 99 25 toe toe NN 44541 99 26 . . . 44541 100 1 Another another DT 44541 100 2 instance instance NN 44541 100 3 is be VBZ 44541 100 4 afforded afford VBN 44541 100 5 by by IN 44541 100 6 the the DT 44541 100 7 coccyx coccyx NN 44541 100 8 or or CC 44541 100 9 vestige vestige NN 44541 100 10 of of IN 44541 100 11 the the DT 44541 100 12 tail tail NN 44541 100 13 ; ; : 44541 100 14 this this DT 44541 100 15 is be VBZ 44541 100 16 still still RB 44541 100 17 furnished furnish VBN 44541 100 18 with with IN 44541 100 19 muscles muscle NNS 44541 100 20 which which WDT 44541 100 21 are be VBP 44541 100 22 now now RB 44541 100 23 in in IN 44541 100 24 man man NN 44541 100 25 , , , 44541 100 26 as as RB 44541 100 27 well well RB 44541 100 28 as as IN 44541 100 29 in in IN 44541 100 30 the the DT 44541 100 31 apes ape NNS 44541 100 32 , , , 44541 100 33 quite quite RB 44541 100 34 useless useless JJ 44541 100 35 , , , 44541 100 36 and and CC 44541 100 37 vary vary VBP 44541 100 38 considerably considerably RB 44541 100 39 with with IN 44541 100 40 every every DT 44541 100 41 sign sign NN 44541 100 42 of of IN 44541 100 43 degeneration degeneration NN 44541 100 44 , , , 44541 100 45 most most RBS 44541 100 46 so so RB 44541 100 47 in in IN 44541 100 48 the the DT 44541 100 49 orang orang NNP 44541 100 50 - - HYPH 44541 100 51 utan utan NNP 44541 100 52 . . . 44541 101 1 Darwin Darwin NNP 44541 101 2 has have VBZ 44541 101 3 mentioned mention VBN 44541 101 4 the the DT 44541 101 5 frequent frequent JJ 44541 101 6 action action NN 44541 101 7 of of IN 44541 101 8 the the DT 44541 101 9 ' ' `` 44541 101 10 snarling snarl VBG 44541 101 11 muscle muscle NN 44541 101 12 , , , 44541 101 13 ' ' '' 44541 101 14 by by IN 44541 101 15 which which WDT 44541 101 16 , , , 44541 101 17 in in IN 44541 101 18 sneering sneering NN 44541 101 19 , , , 44541 101 20 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 101 21 upper upper JJ 44541 101 22 canine canine NN 44541 101 23 teeth tooth NNS 44541 101 24 are be VBP 44541 101 25 exposed expose VBN 44541 101 26 , , , 44541 101 27 like like IN 44541 101 28 those those DT 44541 101 29 of of IN 44541 101 30 a a DT 44541 101 31 dog dog NN 44541 101 32 prepared prepare VBN 44541 101 33 to to TO 44541 101 34 fight fight VB 44541 101 35 . . . 44541 102 1 Monkeys monkey NNS 44541 102 2 and and CC 44541 102 3 apes ape NNS 44541 102 4 possess possess VBP 44541 102 5 vocal vocal JJ 44541 102 6 sacs sac NNS 44541 102 7 , , , 44541 102 8 especially especially RB 44541 102 9 large large JJ 44541 102 10 in in IN 44541 102 11 the the DT 44541 102 12 orang orang NNP 44541 102 13 - - HYPH 44541 102 14 utan utan NNP 44541 102 15 ; ; : 44541 102 16 survivals survival NNS 44541 102 17 of of IN 44541 102 18 them -PRON- PRP 44541 102 19 , , , 44541 102 20 although although IN 44541 102 21 no no RB 44541 102 22 longer long RBR 44541 102 23 used use VBN 44541 102 24 , , , 44541 102 25 persist persist VB 44541 102 26 in in IN 44541 102 27 man man NN 44541 102 28 in in IN 44541 102 29 the the DT 44541 102 30 shape shape NN 44541 102 31 of of IN 44541 102 32 a a DT 44541 102 33 pair pair NN 44541 102 34 of of IN 44541 102 35 small small JJ 44541 102 36 diverticula diverticula NNP 44541 102 37 , , , 44541 102 38 the the DT 44541 102 39 pouches pouch NNS 44541 102 40 of of IN 44541 102 41 Morgagni Morgagni NNP 44541 102 42 , , , 44541 102 43 between between IN 44541 102 44 the the DT 44541 102 45 true true JJ 44541 102 46 and and CC 44541 102 47 the the DT 44541 102 48 false false JJ 44541 102 49 vocal vocal JJ 44541 102 50 cords cord NNS 44541 102 51 . . . 44541 103 1 ' ' `` 44541 103 2 In in IN 44541 103 3 the the DT 44541 103 4 native native JJ 44541 103 5 Australians Australians NNPS 44541 103 6 , , , 44541 103 7 the the DT 44541 103 8 dental dental JJ 44541 103 9 formula formula NN 44541 103 10 appears appear VBZ 44541 103 11 least least RBS 44541 103 12 removed remove VBN 44541 103 13 from from IN 44541 103 14 the the DT 44541 103 15 hypothetical hypothetical JJ 44541 103 16 original original JJ 44541 103 17 type type NN 44541 103 18 , , , 44541 103 19 for for IN 44541 103 20 in in IN 44541 103 21 it -PRON- PRP 44541 103 22 are be VBP 44541 103 23 still still RB 44541 103 24 found find VBN 44541 103 25 complete complete JJ 44541 103 26 rows row NNS 44541 103 27 of of IN 44541 103 28 splendid splendid JJ 44541 103 29 teeth tooth NNS 44541 103 30 , , , 44541 103 31 with with IN 44541 103 32 powerfully powerfully RB 44541 103 33 - - HYPH 44541 103 34 developed develop VBN 44541 103 35 canines canine NNS 44541 103 36 and and CC 44541 103 37 molars molar NNS 44541 103 38 , , , 44541 103 39 the the DT 44541 103 40 latter latter JJ 44541 103 41 being be VBG 44541 103 42 either either CC 44541 103 43 uniform uniform NN 44541 103 44 , , , 44541 103 45 or or CC 44541 103 46 even even RB 44541 103 47 increasing increase VBG 44541 103 48 in in IN 44541 103 49 size size NN 44541 103 50 , , , 44541 103 51 as as IN 44541 103 52 we -PRON- PRP 44541 103 53 proceed proceed VBP 44541 103 54 backwards backwards RB 44541 103 55 , , , 44541 103 56 in in IN 44541 103 57 such such PDT 44541 103 58 a a DT 44541 103 59 way way NN 44541 103 60 that that WDT 44541 103 61 the the DT 44541 103 62 wisdom wisdom NN 44541 103 63 tooth tooth NN 44541 103 64 is be VBZ 44541 103 65 the the DT 44541 103 66 largest large JJS 44541 103 67 of of IN 44541 103 68 the the DT 44541 103 69 series series NN 44541 103 70 . . . 44541 104 1 This this DT 44541 104 2 is be VBZ 44541 104 3 decidedly decidedly RB 44541 104 4 a a DT 44541 104 5 pithecoid pithecoid JJ 44541 104 6 characteristic characteristic NN 44541 104 7 which which WDT 44541 104 8 is be VBZ 44541 104 9 always always RB 44541 104 10 found find VBN 44541 104 11 in in IN 44541 104 12 apes ape NNS 44541 104 13 . . . 44541 105 1 The the DT 44541 105 2 upper upper JJ 44541 105 3 incisors incisor NNS 44541 105 4 of of IN 44541 105 5 the the DT 44541 105 6 Malay Malay NNP 44541 105 7 , , , 44541 105 8 apart apart RB 44541 105 9 from from IN 44541 105 10 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 105 11 prognathous prognathous JJ 44541 105 12 disposition disposition NN 44541 105 13 , , , 44541 105 14 have have VBP 44541 105 15 occasionally occasionally RB 44541 105 16 a a DT 44541 105 17 distinctly distinctly RB 44541 105 18 pithecoid pithecoid JJ 44541 105 19 form form NN 44541 105 20 , , , 44541 105 21 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 105 22 anterior anterior NN 44541 105 23 surface surface NN 44541 105 24 being be VBG 44541 105 25 convex convex NNP 44541 105 26 , , , 44541 105 27 and and CC 44541 105 28 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 105 29 lingual lingual JJ 44541 105 30 surface surface NN 44541 105 31 slightly slightly RB 44541 105 32 concave concave JJ 44541 105 33 . . . 44541 106 1 The the DT 44541 106 2 ancestors ancestor NNS 44541 106 3 of of IN 44541 106 4 Europeans Europeans NNPS 44541 106 5 seem seem VBP 44541 106 6 to to TO 44541 106 7 have have VB 44541 106 8 had have VBN 44541 106 9 the the DT 44541 106 10 same same JJ 44541 106 11 form form NN 44541 106 12 of of IN 44541 106 13 teeth tooth NNS 44541 106 14 , , , 44541 106 15 for for IN 44541 106 16 the the DT 44541 106 17 oldest old JJS 44541 106 18 existing exist VBG 44541 106 19 fragments fragment NNS 44541 106 20 of of IN 44541 106 21 skulls skull NNS 44541 106 22 from from IN 44541 106 23 the the DT 44541 106 24 Mammoth Mammoth NNP 44541 106 25 age age NN 44541 106 26 ( ( -LRB- 44541 106 27 _ _ NNP 44541 106 28 e.g. e.g. NNP 44541 106 29 _ _ NNP 44541 106 30 , , , 44541 106 31 the the DT 44541 106 32 jaws jaw NNS 44541 106 33 from from IN 44541 106 34 La La NNP 44541 106 35 Naulette Naulette NNP 44541 106 36 , , , 44541 106 37 in in IN 44541 106 38 Belgium Belgium NNP 44541 106 39 ) ) -RRB- 44541 106 40 reveal reveal VBP 44541 106 41 tooth tooth NN 44541 106 42 - - HYPH 44541 106 43 forms form NNS 44541 106 44 which which WDT 44541 106 45 must must MD 44541 106 46 be be VB 44541 106 47 classed class VBN 44541 106 48 with with IN 44541 106 49 those those DT 44541 106 50 of of IN 44541 106 51 the the DT 44541 106 52 lowest low JJS 44541 106 53 races race NNS 44541 106 54 of of IN 44541 106 55 to to IN 44541 106 56 - - HYPH 44541 106 57 day day NN 44541 106 58 . . . 44541 107 1 ' ' `` 44541 107 2 [ [ -LRB- 44541 107 3 8 8 CD 44541 107 4 ] ] -RRB- 44541 107 5 [ [ -LRB- 44541 107 6 8 8 CD 44541 107 7 ] ] -RRB- 44541 107 8 Wiedersheim Wiedersheim NNP 44541 107 9 , , , 44541 107 10 ' ' '' 44541 107 11 Der Der NNP 44541 107 12 Bau Bau NNP 44541 107 13 des des FW 44541 107 14 Menschen Menschen NNP 44541 107 15 als als NNP 44541 107 16 Zeugniss Zeugniss NNP 44541 107 17 für für NN 44541 107 18 seine seine NN 44541 107 19 Vergangenheit Vergangenheit NNP 44541 107 20 . . . 44541 107 21 ' ' '' 44541 108 1 Freiburg Freiburg NNP 44541 108 2 , , , 44541 108 3 1888 1888 CD 44541 108 4 . . . 44541 109 1 Translated translate VBN 44541 109 2 : : : 44541 109 3 ' ' `` 44541 109 4 The the DT 44541 109 5 Structure Structure NNP 44541 109 6 of of IN 44541 109 7 Man Man NNP 44541 109 8 an an DT 44541 109 9 Index Index NNP 44541 109 10 to to IN 44541 109 11 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 109 12 Past past JJ 44541 109 13 History history NN 44541 109 14 . . . 44541 109 15 ' ' '' 44541 110 1 London London NNP 44541 110 2 , , , 44541 110 3 1895 1895 CD 44541 110 4 . . . 44541 111 1 Now now RB 44541 111 2 we -PRON- PRP 44541 111 3 are be VBP 44541 111 4 able able JJ 44541 111 5 to to TO 44541 111 6 apply apply VB 44541 111 7 this this DT 44541 111 8 fundamental fundamental JJ 44541 111 9 Pithecometra Pithecometra NNP 44541 111 10 - - HYPH 44541 111 11 thesis thesis NN 44541 111 12 directly directly RB 44541 111 13 to to IN 44541 111 14 the the DT 44541 111 15 classification classification NN 44541 111 16 of of IN 44541 111 17 the the DT 44541 111 18 Primates Primates NNPS 44541 111 19 and and CC 44541 111 20 to to IN 44541 111 21 the the DT 44541 111 22 phylogeny phylogeny NN 44541 111 23 of of IN 44541 111 24 man man NN 44541 111 25 , , , 44541 111 26 which which WDT 44541 111 27 is be VBZ 44541 111 28 intimately intimately RB 44541 111 29 connected connected JJ 44541 111 30 with with IN 44541 111 31 it -PRON- PRP 44541 111 32 , , , 44541 111 33 because because IN 44541 111 34 in in IN 44541 111 35 this this DT 44541 111 36 order order NN 44541 111 37 , , , 44541 111 38 as as IN 44541 111 39 in in IN 44541 111 40 all all PDT 44541 111 41 the the DT 44541 111 42 other other JJ 44541 111 43 groups group NNS 44541 111 44 of of IN 44541 111 45 animals animal NNS 44541 111 46 , , , 44541 111 47 the the DT 44541 111 48 natural natural JJ 44541 111 49 system system NN 44541 111 50 is be VBZ 44541 111 51 the the DT 44541 111 52 clear clear JJ 44541 111 53 expression expression NN 44541 111 54 of of IN 44541 111 55 true true JJ 44541 111 56 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ 44541 111 57 affinity affinity NN 44541 111 58 . . . 44541 112 1 Four four CD 44541 112 2 results result NNS 44541 112 3 follow follow VBP 44541 112 4 from from IN 44541 112 5 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 112 6 thesis thesis NN 44541 112 7 : : : 44541 112 8 ( ( -LRB- 44541 112 9 1 1 LS 44541 112 10 ) ) -RRB- 44541 112 11 The the DT 44541 112 12 Primates Primates NNPS 44541 112 13 , , , 44541 112 14 as as IN 44541 112 15 the the DT 44541 112 16 highest high JJS 44541 112 17 legion legion NN 44541 112 18 or or CC 44541 112 19 order order NN 44541 112 20 of of IN 44541 112 21 mammals mammal NNS 44541 112 22 , , , 44541 112 23 form form VB 44541 112 24 one one CD 44541 112 25 natural natural JJ 44541 112 26 , , , 44541 112 27 monophyletic monophyletic JJ 44541 112 28 group group NN 44541 112 29 . . . 44541 113 1 All all PDT 44541 113 2 the the DT 44541 113 3 Lemures Lemures NNPS 44541 113 4 , , , 44541 113 5 Simiæ Simiæ NNP 44541 113 6 , , , 44541 113 7 and and CC 44541 113 8 Homines Homines NNPS 44541 113 9 descend descend VBP 44541 113 10 from from IN 44541 113 11 one one CD 44541 113 12 common common JJ 44541 113 13 ancestral ancestral JJ 44541 113 14 form form NN 44541 113 15 , , , 44541 113 16 from from IN 44541 113 17 a a DT 44541 113 18 hypothetical hypothetical JJ 44541 113 19 ' ' `` 44541 113 20 Archiprimas Archiprimas NNP 44541 113 21 . . . 44541 113 22 ' ' '' 44541 114 1 ( ( -LRB- 44541 114 2 2 2 LS 44541 114 3 ) ) -RRB- 44541 114 4 The the DT 44541 114 5 Lemures Lemures NNPS 44541 114 6 are be VBP 44541 114 7 the the DT 44541 114 8 older old JJR 44541 114 9 and and CC 44541 114 10 lower low JJR 44541 114 11 of of IN 44541 114 12 the the DT 44541 114 13 natural natural JJ 44541 114 14 groups group NNS 44541 114 15 of of IN 44541 114 16 the the DT 44541 114 17 Primates Primates NNPS 44541 114 18 ; ; : 44541 114 19 they -PRON- PRP 44541 114 20 stand stand VBP 44541 114 21 between between IN 44541 114 22 the the DT 44541 114 23 oldest old JJS 44541 114 24 Placentalia Placentalia NNP 44541 114 25 ( ( -LRB- 44541 114 26 Prochoriata Prochoriata NNP 44541 114 27 ) ) -RRB- 44541 114 28 and and CC 44541 114 29 the the DT 44541 114 30 true true JJ 44541 114 31 Simiæ Simiæ NNP 44541 114 32 . . . 44541 115 1 ( ( -LRB- 44541 115 2 3 3 LS 44541 115 3 ) ) -RRB- 44541 115 4 All all PDT 44541 115 5 the the DT 44541 115 6 Catarrhinæ Catarrhinæ NNP 44541 115 7 , , , 44541 115 8 or or CC 44541 115 9 Eastern Eastern NNP 44541 115 10 Simiæ Simiæ NNP 44541 115 11 , , , 44541 115 12 form form VB 44541 115 13 one one CD 44541 115 14 natural natural JJ 44541 115 15 monophyletic monophyletic JJ 44541 115 16 group group NN 44541 115 17 . . . 44541 116 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 116 2 hypothetical hypothetical JJ 44541 116 3 common common JJ 44541 116 4 ancestor ancestor NN 44541 116 5 , , , 44541 116 6 the the DT 44541 116 7 Archipithecus Archipithecus NNP 44541 116 8 , , , 44541 116 9 may may MD 44541 116 10 have have VB 44541 116 11 descended descend VBN 44541 116 12 directly directly RB 44541 116 13 or or CC 44541 116 14 indirectly indirectly RB 44541 116 15 from from IN 44541 116 16 a a DT 44541 116 17 branch branch NN 44541 116 18 of of IN 44541 116 19 the the DT 44541 116 20 Lemures Lemures NNPS 44541 116 21 . . . 44541 117 1 ( ( -LRB- 44541 117 2 4 4 LS 44541 117 3 ) ) -RRB- 44541 117 4 Man Man NNP 44541 117 5 is be VBZ 44541 117 6 descended descend VBN 44541 117 7 directly directly RB 44541 117 8 from from IN 44541 117 9 one one CD 44541 117 10 series series NN 44541 117 11 of of IN 44541 117 12 extinct extinct JJ 44541 117 13 Catarrhine Catarrhine NNP 44541 117 14 ancestors ancestor NNS 44541 117 15 . . . 44541 118 1 The the DT 44541 118 2 more more RBR 44541 118 3 recent recent JJ 44541 118 4 ancestors ancestor NNS 44541 118 5 of of IN 44541 118 6 this this DT 44541 118 7 series series NN 44541 118 8 were be VBD 44541 118 9 tailless tailless JJ 44541 118 10 anthropoids anthropoid NNS 44541 118 11 ( ( -LRB- 44541 118 12 similar similar JJ 44541 118 13 to to IN 44541 118 14 the the DT 44541 118 15 Anthropopithecus Anthropopithecus NNP 44541 118 16 ) ) -RRB- 44541 118 17 , , , 44541 118 18 with with IN 44541 118 19 five five CD 44541 118 20 sacral sacral JJ 44541 118 21 vertebræ vertebræ NN 44541 118 22 . . . 44541 119 1 The the DT 44541 119 2 more more RBR 44541 119 3 remote remote JJ 44541 119 4 ancestors ancestor NNS 44541 119 5 were be VBD 44541 119 6 tailed tail VBN 44541 119 7 Cercopitheci Cercopitheci NNP 44541 119 8 , , , 44541 119 9 with with IN 44541 119 10 three three CD 44541 119 11 or or CC 44541 119 12 four four CD 44541 119 13 sacral sacral JJ 44541 119 14 vertebræ vertebræ NN 44541 119 15 . . . 44541 120 1 These these DT 44541 120 2 four four CD 44541 120 3 these these DT 44541 120 4 s s POS 44541 120 5 possess possess NN 44541 120 6 , , , 44541 120 7 in in IN 44541 120 8 my -PRON- PRP$ 44541 120 9 opinion opinion NN 44541 120 10 , , , 44541 120 11 absolute absolute JJ 44541 120 12 certainty certainty NN 44541 120 13 . . . 44541 121 1 They -PRON- PRP 44541 121 2 are be VBP 44541 121 3 independent independent JJ 44541 121 4 of of IN 44541 121 5 all all DT 44541 121 6 future future JJ 44541 121 7 anatomical anatomical JJ 44541 121 8 , , , 44541 121 9 embryological embryological JJ 44541 121 10 , , , 44541 121 11 and and CC 44541 121 12 palæontological palæontological JJ 44541 121 13 discoveries discovery NNS 44541 121 14 which which WDT 44541 121 15 may may MD 44541 121 16 possibly possibly RB 44541 121 17 throw throw VB 44541 121 18 more more JJR 44541 121 19 light light NN 44541 121 20 upon upon IN 44541 121 21 the the DT 44541 121 22 details detail NNS 44541 121 23 of of IN 44541 121 24 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 121 25 phyletic phyletic JJ 44541 121 26 anthropogenesis anthropogenesis NN 44541 121 27 . . . 44541 122 1 II ii CD 44541 122 2 . . . 44541 123 1 The the DT 44541 123 2 next next JJ 44541 123 3 question question NN 44541 123 4 is be VBZ 44541 123 5 , , , 44541 123 6 how how WRB 44541 123 7 the the DT 44541 123 8 facts fact NNS 44541 123 9 of of IN 44541 123 10 palæontology palæontology NN 44541 123 11 agree agree VBP 44541 123 12 with with IN 44541 123 13 these these DT 44541 123 14 most most RBS 44541 123 15 important important JJ 44541 123 16 results result NNS 44541 123 17 of of IN 44541 123 18 comparative comparative JJ 44541 123 19 anatomy anatomy NN 44541 123 20 and and CC 44541 123 21 ontogeny ontogeny NN 44541 123 22 . . . 44541 124 1 The the DT 44541 124 2 fossils fossil NNS 44541 124 3 are be VBP 44541 124 4 the the DT 44541 124 5 true true JJ 44541 124 6 historical historical JJ 44541 124 7 ' ' '' 44541 124 8 medals medal NNS 44541 124 9 of of IN 44541 124 10 creation creation NN 44541 124 11 , , , 44541 124 12 ' ' '' 44541 124 13 the the DT 44541 124 14 palpable palpable JJ 44541 124 15 evidence evidence NN 44541 124 16 of of IN 44541 124 17 the the DT 44541 124 18 historical historical JJ 44541 124 19 succession succession NN 44541 124 20 of of IN 44541 124 21 all all PDT 44541 124 22 those those DT 44541 124 23 innumerable innumerable JJ 44541 124 24 organic organic JJ 44541 124 25 forms form NNS 44541 124 26 which which WDT 44541 124 27 have have VBP 44541 124 28 peopled people VBN 44541 124 29 the the DT 44541 124 30 globe globe NN 44541 124 31 for for IN 44541 124 32 many many JJ 44541 124 33 millions million NNS 44541 124 34 of of IN 44541 124 35 years year NNS 44541 124 36 . . . 44541 125 1 Here here RB 44541 125 2 the the DT 44541 125 3 question question NN 44541 125 4 arises arise VBZ 44541 125 5 , , , 44541 125 6 If if IN 44541 125 7 the the DT 44541 125 8 known know VBN 44541 125 9 fossil fossil JJ 44541 125 10 specimens specimen NNS 44541 125 11 of of IN 44541 125 12 Mammalia Mammalia NNP 44541 125 13 , , , 44541 125 14 and and CC 44541 125 15 particularly particularly RB 44541 125 16 of of IN 44541 125 17 Primates Primates NNPS 44541 125 18 , , , 44541 125 19 give give VBP 44541 125 20 proof proof NN 44541 125 21 of of IN 44541 125 22 these these DT 44541 125 23 Pithecometra Pithecometra NNP 44541 125 24 - - HYPH 44541 125 25 theses thesis NNS 44541 125 26 , , , 44541 125 27 do do VBP 44541 125 28 they -PRON- PRP 44541 125 29 confirm confirm VB 44541 125 30 directly directly RB 44541 125 31 the the DT 44541 125 32 descent descent NN 44541 125 33 of of IN 44541 125 34 man man NN 44541 125 35 from from IN 44541 125 36 ape ape NN 44541 125 37 - - HYPH 44541 125 38 like like JJ 44541 125 39 creatures creature NNS 44541 125 40 ? ? . 44541 126 1 The the DT 44541 126 2 answer answer NN 44541 126 3 to to IN 44541 126 4 this this DT 44541 126 5 question question NN 44541 126 6 is be VBZ 44541 126 7 , , , 44541 126 8 in in IN 44541 126 9 my -PRON- PRP$ 44541 126 10 opinion opinion NN 44541 126 11 , , , 44541 126 12 affirmative affirmative JJ 44541 126 13 . . . 44541 127 1 It -PRON- PRP 44541 127 2 is be VBZ 44541 127 3 true true JJ 44541 127 4 that that IN 44541 127 5 the the DT 44541 127 6 gaps gap NNS 44541 127 7 in in IN 44541 127 8 the the DT 44541 127 9 palæontological palæontological JJ 44541 127 10 evidence evidence NN 44541 127 11 , , , 44541 127 12 here here RB 44541 127 13 as as IN 44541 127 14 elsewhere elsewhere RB 44541 127 15 , , , 44541 127 16 are be VBP 44541 127 17 many many JJ 44541 127 18 and and CC 44541 127 19 keenly keenly RB 44541 127 20 felt feel VBN 44541 127 21 . . . 44541 128 1 In in IN 44541 128 2 the the DT 44541 128 3 order order NN 44541 128 4 of of IN 44541 128 5 the the DT 44541 128 6 Primates Primates NNPS 44541 128 7 they -PRON- PRP 44541 128 8 are be VBP 44541 128 9 greater great JJR 44541 128 10 than than IN 44541 128 11 in in IN 44541 128 12 many many JJ 44541 128 13 other other JJ 44541 128 14 orders order NNS 44541 128 15 , , , 44541 128 16 chiefly chiefly RB 44541 128 17 because because IN 44541 128 18 of of IN 44541 128 19 the the DT 44541 128 20 arboreal arboreal JJ 44541 128 21 life life NN 44541 128 22 of of IN 44541 128 23 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 128 24 ancestors ancestor NNS 44541 128 25 . . . 44541 129 1 The the DT 44541 129 2 explanation explanation NN 44541 129 3 is be VBZ 44541 129 4 very very RB 44541 129 5 simple simple JJ 44541 129 6 . . . 44541 130 1 It -PRON- PRP 44541 130 2 is be VBZ 44541 130 3 really really RB 44541 130 4 due due JJ 44541 130 5 to to IN 44541 130 6 a a DT 44541 130 7 long long JJ 44541 130 8 chain chain NN 44541 130 9 of of IN 44541 130 10 favourable favourable JJ 44541 130 11 coincidences coincidence NNS 44541 130 12 if if IN 44541 130 13 the the DT 44541 130 14 skeleton skeleton NN 44541 130 15 of of IN 44541 130 16 a a DT 44541 130 17 vertebrate vertebrate NN 44541 130 18 , , , 44541 130 19 covered cover VBN 44541 130 20 as as IN 44541 130 21 it -PRON- PRP 44541 130 22 was be VBD 44541 130 23 with with IN 44541 130 24 flesh flesh NN 44541 130 25 and and CC 44541 130 26 skin skin NN 44541 130 27 , , , 44541 130 28 and and CC 44541 130 29 containing contain VBG 44541 130 30 still still RB 44541 130 31 more more RBR 44541 130 32 perishable perishable JJ 44541 130 33 viscera viscera NN 44541 130 34 , , , 44541 130 35 is be VBZ 44541 130 36 petrified petrify VBN 44541 130 37 at at RB 44541 130 38 all all RB 44541 130 39 . . . 44541 131 1 The the DT 44541 131 2 body body NN 44541 131 3 may may MD 44541 131 4 be be VB 44541 131 5 devoured devour VBN 44541 131 6 by by IN 44541 131 7 other other JJ 44541 131 8 creatures creature NNS 44541 131 9 , , , 44541 131 10 and and CC 44541 131 11 its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 131 12 bones bone NNS 44541 131 13 scattered scatter VBN 44541 131 14 about about IN 44541 131 15 ; ; : 44541 131 16 or or CC 44541 131 17 it -PRON- PRP 44541 131 18 rots rot VBZ 44541 131 19 away away RB 44541 131 20 and and CC 44541 131 21 crumbles crumble VBZ 44541 131 22 to to IN 44541 131 23 pieces piece NNS 44541 131 24 . . . 44541 132 1 Many many JJ 44541 132 2 animals animal NNS 44541 132 3 hide hide VBP 44541 132 4 in in IN 44541 132 5 thick thick JJ 44541 132 6 undergrowth undergrowth NN 44541 132 7 when when WRB 44541 132 8 death death NN 44541 132 9 approaches approach VBZ 44541 132 10 them -PRON- PRP 44541 132 11 ; ; : 44541 132 12 and and CC 44541 132 13 , , , 44541 132 14 leading lead VBG 44541 132 15 an an DT 44541 132 16 almost almost RB 44541 132 17 entirely entirely RB 44541 132 18 arboreal arboreal JJ 44541 132 19 life life NN 44541 132 20 , , , 44541 132 21 the the DT 44541 132 22 Primates Primates NNPS 44541 132 23 are be VBP 44541 132 24 especially especially RB 44541 132 25 likely likely JJ 44541 132 26 to to TO 44541 132 27 disappear disappear VB 44541 132 28 without without IN 44541 132 29 being be VBG 44541 132 30 fossilized fossilize VBN 44541 132 31 . . . 44541 133 1 It -PRON- PRP 44541 133 2 is be VBZ 44541 133 3 only only RB 44541 133 4 when when WRB 44541 133 5 the the DT 44541 133 6 body body NN 44541 133 7 is be VBZ 44541 133 8 quickly quickly RB 44541 133 9 covered cover VBN 44541 133 10 with with IN 44541 133 11 sand sand NN 44541 133 12 , , , 44541 133 13 or or CC 44541 133 14 is be VBZ 44541 133 15 embedded embed VBN 44541 133 16 in in IN 44541 133 17 suitable suitable JJ 44541 133 18 lime lime NN 44541 133 19 or or CC 44541 133 20 silica silica NN 44541 133 21 containing contain VBG 44541 133 22 mud mud NN 44541 133 23 , , , 44541 133 24 that that IN 44541 133 25 the the DT 44541 133 26 process process NN 44541 133 27 of of IN 44541 133 28 petrifaction petrifaction NN 44541 133 29 can can MD 44541 133 30 come come VB 44541 133 31 to to TO 44541 133 32 pass pass VB 44541 133 33 . . . 44541 134 1 Even even RB 44541 134 2 then then RB 44541 134 3 it -PRON- PRP 44541 134 4 is be VBZ 44541 134 5 only only RB 44541 134 6 by by IN 44541 134 7 great great JJ 44541 134 8 good good JJ 44541 134 9 luck luck NN 44541 134 10 that that IN 44541 134 11 we -PRON- PRP 44541 134 12 come come VBP 44541 134 13 across across IN 44541 134 14 such such PDT 44541 134 15 a a DT 44541 134 16 fossil fossil NN 44541 134 17 . . . 44541 135 1 Very very RB 44541 135 2 few few JJ 44541 135 3 countries country NNS 44541 135 4 have have VBP 44541 135 5 been be VBN 44541 135 6 searched search VBN 44541 135 7 systematically systematically RB 44541 135 8 , , , 44541 135 9 and and CC 44541 135 10 the the DT 44541 135 11 areas area NNS 44541 135 12 that that WDT 44541 135 13 have have VBP 44541 135 14 been be VBN 44541 135 15 searched search VBN 44541 135 16 amount amount NN 44541 135 17 to to IN 44541 135 18 little little JJ 44541 135 19 in in IN 44541 135 20 comparison comparison NN 44541 135 21 with with IN 44541 135 22 the the DT 44541 135 23 whole whole JJ 44541 135 24 surface surface NN 44541 135 25 of of IN 44541 135 26 the the DT 44541 135 27 land land NN 44541 135 28 , , , 44541 135 29 even even RB 44541 135 30 if if IN 44541 135 31 we -PRON- PRP 44541 135 32 leave leave VBP 44541 135 33 out out IN 44541 135 34 of of IN 44541 135 35 account account NN 44541 135 36 the the DT 44541 135 37 fact fact NN 44541 135 38 that that IN 44541 135 39 more more JJR 44541 135 40 than than IN 44541 135 41 two two CD 44541 135 42 - - HYPH 44541 135 43 thirds third NNS 44541 135 44 of of IN 44541 135 45 the the DT 44541 135 46 globe globe NN 44541 135 47 are be VBP 44541 135 48 covered cover VBN 44541 135 49 by by IN 44541 135 50 water water NN 44541 135 51 . . . 44541 136 1 These these DT 44541 136 2 deplorable deplorable JJ 44541 136 3 deficiencies deficiency NNS 44541 136 4 of of IN 44541 136 5 empirical empirical JJ 44541 136 6 palæontology palæontology NN 44541 136 7 are be VBP 44541 136 8 balanced balance VBN 44541 136 9 on on IN 44541 136 10 the the DT 44541 136 11 other other JJ 44541 136 12 side side NN 44541 136 13 by by IN 44541 136 14 a a DT 44541 136 15 growing grow VBG 44541 136 16 number number NN 44541 136 17 of of IN 44541 136 18 positive positive JJ 44541 136 19 facts fact NNS 44541 136 20 , , , 44541 136 21 which which WDT 44541 136 22 possess possess VBP 44541 136 23 an an DT 44541 136 24 inestimable inestimable JJ 44541 136 25 value value NN 44541 136 26 in in IN 44541 136 27 human human JJ 44541 136 28 phylogeny phylogeny NN 44541 136 29 . . . 44541 137 1 The the DT 44541 137 2 most most RBS 44541 137 3 interesting interesting JJ 44541 137 4 and and CC 44541 137 5 most most RBS 44541 137 6 important important JJ 44541 137 7 of of IN 44541 137 8 these these DT 44541 137 9 is be VBZ 44541 137 10 the the DT 44541 137 11 celebrated celebrated JJ 44541 137 12 fossil fossil NN 44541 137 13 _ _ NNP 44541 137 14 Pithecanthropus Pithecanthropus NNP 44541 137 15 erectus erectus NN 44541 137 16 _ _ NNP 44541 137 17 , , , 44541 137 18 discovered discover VBN 44541 137 19 in in IN 44541 137 20 Java Java NNP 44541 137 21 in in IN 44541 137 22 1894 1894 CD 44541 137 23 by by IN 44541 137 24 Dr. Dr. NNP 44541 137 25 Eugène Eugène NNP 44541 137 26 Dubois Dubois NNP 44541 137 27 . . . 44541 138 1 [ [ -LRB- 44541 138 2 9 9 CD 44541 138 3 ] ] -RRB- 44541 138 4 Three three CD 44541 138 5 years year NNS 44541 138 6 ago ago RB 44541 138 7 this this DT 44541 138 8 now now RB 44541 138 9 famous famous JJ 44541 138 10 ape ape NN 44541 138 11 - - HYPH 44541 138 12 like like JJ 44541 138 13 man man NN 44541 138 14 provoked provoke VBD 44541 138 15 an an DT 44541 138 16 animated animate VBN 44541 138 17 discussion discussion NN 44541 138 18 at at IN 44541 138 19 the the DT 44541 138 20 third third JJ 44541 138 21 International International NNP 44541 138 22 Zoological Zoological NNP 44541 138 23 Congress Congress NNP 44541 138 24 at at IN 44541 138 25 Leyden Leyden NNP 44541 138 26 . . . 44541 139 1 I -PRON- PRP 44541 139 2 may may MD 44541 139 3 therefore therefore RB 44541 139 4 be be VB 44541 139 5 allowed allow VBN 44541 139 6 to to TO 44541 139 7 say say VB 44541 139 8 a a DT 44541 139 9 few few JJ 44541 139 10 words word NNS 44541 139 11 as as IN 44541 139 12 to to IN 44541 139 13 its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 139 14 scientific scientific JJ 44541 139 15 significance significance NN 44541 139 16 . . . 44541 140 1 Unfortunately unfortunately RB 44541 140 2 , , , 44541 140 3 the the DT 44541 140 4 fossil fossil NN 44541 140 5 remains remain VBZ 44541 140 6 of of IN 44541 140 7 this this DT 44541 140 8 creature creature NN 44541 140 9 are be VBP 44541 140 10 very very RB 44541 140 11 scanty scanty NN 44541 140 12 : : : 44541 140 13 the the DT 44541 140 14 skull skull NN 44541 140 15 - - HYPH 44541 140 16 cap cap NN 44541 140 17 , , , 44541 140 18 a a DT 44541 140 19 femur femur NN 44541 140 20 , , , 44541 140 21 and and CC 44541 140 22 two two CD 44541 140 23 teeth tooth NNS 44541 140 24 . . . 44541 141 1 It -PRON- PRP 44541 141 2 is be VBZ 44541 141 3 obviously obviously RB 44541 141 4 impossible impossible JJ 44541 141 5 to to TO 44541 141 6 form form VB 44541 141 7 from from IN 44541 141 8 these these DT 44541 141 9 scanty scanty NN 44541 141 10 remains remain VBZ 44541 141 11 a a DT 44541 141 12 complete complete JJ 44541 141 13 and and CC 44541 141 14 satisfactory satisfactory JJ 44541 141 15 reconstruction reconstruction NN 44541 141 16 of of IN 44541 141 17 this this DT 44541 141 18 remarkable remarkable JJ 44541 141 19 Pliocene Pliocene NNP 44541 141 20 Primate Primate NNP 44541 141 21 . . . 44541 142 1 [ [ -LRB- 44541 142 2 9 9 CD 44541 142 3 ] ] -RRB- 44541 142 4 _ _ NNP 44541 142 5 Pithecanthropus Pithecanthropus NNP 44541 142 6 erectus erectus NN 44541 142 7 . . . 44541 142 8 _ _ NNP 44541 142 9 ' ' '' 44541 142 10 Eine Eine NNP 44541 142 11 menschenähnliche menschenähnliche NN 44541 142 12 Uebergangsform uebergangsform NN 44541 142 13 aus au VBD 44541 142 14 Java Java NNP 44541 142 15 ' ' '' 44541 142 16 ( ( -LRB- 44541 142 17 ' ' `` 44541 142 18 A a DT 44541 142 19 Human human NN 44541 142 20 - - HYPH 44541 142 21 like like JJ 44541 142 22 Transitional Transitional NNP 44541 142 23 Form Form NNP 44541 142 24 ' ' '' 44541 142 25 ) ) -RRB- 44541 142 26 . . . 44541 143 1 Batavia Batavia NNP 44541 143 2 , , , 44541 143 3 1894 1894 CD 44541 143 4 . . . 44541 144 1 The the DT 44541 144 2 more more RBR 44541 144 3 important important JJ 44541 144 4 points point NNS 44541 144 5 are be VBP 44541 144 6 the the DT 44541 144 7 following follow VBG 44541 144 8 : : : 44541 144 9 The the DT 44541 144 10 remains remain NNS 44541 144 11 in in IN 44541 144 12 question question NN 44541 144 13 rested rest VBN 44541 144 14 upon upon IN 44541 144 15 a a DT 44541 144 16 conglomerate conglomerate NN 44541 144 17 which which WDT 44541 144 18 lies lie VBZ 44541 144 19 upon upon IN 44541 144 20 a a DT 44541 144 21 bed bed NN 44541 144 22 of of IN 44541 144 23 marine marine NNP 44541 144 24 marl marl NNP 44541 144 25 and and CC 44541 144 26 sand sand NN 44541 144 27 of of IN 44541 144 28 Pliocene Pliocene NNP 44541 144 29 age age NN 44541 144 30 . . . 44541 145 1 Together together RB 44541 145 2 with with IN 44541 145 3 the the DT 44541 145 4 bones bone NNS 44541 145 5 of of IN 44541 145 6 Pithecanthropus Pithecanthropus NNP 44541 145 7 were be VBD 44541 145 8 found find VBN 44541 145 9 those those DT 44541 145 10 of of IN 44541 145 11 Stegodon Stegodon NNP 44541 145 12 , , , 44541 145 13 Leptobos Leptobos NNP 44541 145 14 , , , 44541 145 15 Rhinoceros Rhinoceros NNP 44541 145 16 , , , 44541 145 17 Sus Sus NNP 44541 145 18 , , , 44541 145 19 Felis Felis NNP 44541 145 20 , , , 44541 145 21 Hyæna Hyæna NNP 44541 145 22 , , , 44541 145 23 Hippopotamus Hippopotamus NNP 44541 145 24 , , , 44541 145 25 Tapir Tapir NNP 44541 145 26 , , , 44541 145 27 Elephas Elephas NNP 44541 145 28 , , , 44541 145 29 and and CC 44541 145 30 a a DT 44541 145 31 gigantic gigantic JJ 44541 145 32 Pangolin Pangolin NNP 44541 145 33 . . . 44541 146 1 It -PRON- PRP 44541 146 2 is be VBZ 44541 146 3 remarkable remarkable JJ 44541 146 4 that that IN 44541 146 5 the the DT 44541 146 6 first first JJ 44541 146 7 two two CD 44541 146 8 of of IN 44541 146 9 these these DT 44541 146 10 genera genera NN 44541 146 11 are be VBP 44541 146 12 now now RB 44541 146 13 extinct extinct JJ 44541 146 14 , , , 44541 146 15 and and CC 44541 146 16 that that IN 44541 146 17 neither neither DT 44541 146 18 hippopotamus hippopotamus NN 44541 146 19 nor nor CC 44541 146 20 hyæna hyæna NNP 44541 146 21 exists exist VBZ 44541 146 22 any any RB 44541 146 23 longer long RBR 44541 146 24 in in IN 44541 146 25 the the DT 44541 146 26 Oriental oriental JJ 44541 146 27 region region NN 44541 146 28 . . . 44541 147 1 If if IN 44541 147 2 we -PRON- PRP 44541 147 3 may may MD 44541 147 4 judge judge VB 44541 147 5 from from IN 44541 147 6 these these DT 44541 147 7 fossil fossil NN 44541 147 8 remains remain NNS 44541 147 9 , , , 44541 147 10 the the DT 44541 147 11 bones bone NNS 44541 147 12 of of IN 44541 147 13 Pithecanthropus Pithecanthropus NNP 44541 147 14 are be VBP 44541 147 15 not not RB 44541 147 16 younger young JJR 44541 147 17 than than IN 44541 147 18 the the DT 44541 147 19 oldest old JJS 44541 147 20 Pleistocene Pleistocene NNP 44541 147 21 , , , 44541 147 22 and and CC 44541 147 23 probably probably RB 44541 147 24 belong belong VB 44541 147 25 to to IN 44541 147 26 the the DT 44541 147 27 upper upper JJ 44541 147 28 Pliocene Pliocene NNP 44541 147 29 . . . 44541 148 1 The the DT 44541 148 2 teeth tooth NNS 44541 148 3 are be VBP 44541 148 4 like like IN 44541 148 5 those those DT 44541 148 6 of of IN 44541 148 7 man man NN 44541 148 8 . . . 44541 149 1 The the DT 44541 149 2 femur femur NN 44541 149 3 , , , 44541 149 4 also also RB 44541 149 5 , , , 44541 149 6 is be VBZ 44541 149 7 very very RB 44541 149 8 human human JJ 44541 149 9 , , , 44541 149 10 but but CC 44541 149 11 shows show VBZ 44541 149 12 some some DT 44541 149 13 resemblances resemblance NNS 44541 149 14 to to IN 44541 149 15 that that DT 44541 149 16 of of IN 44541 149 17 the the DT 44541 149 18 gibbons gibbon NNS 44541 149 19 . . . 44541 150 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 150 2 size size NN 44541 150 3 , , , 44541 150 4 however however RB 44541 150 5 , , , 44541 150 6 indicates indicate VBZ 44541 150 7 an an DT 44541 150 8 animal animal NN 44541 150 9 which which WDT 44541 150 10 stood stand VBD 44541 150 11 when when WRB 44541 150 12 erect erect VBP 44541 150 13 not not RB 44541 150 14 less less JJR 44541 150 15 than than IN 44541 150 16 5 5 CD 44541 150 17 feet foot NNS 44541 150 18 6 6 CD 44541 150 19 inches inch NNS 44541 150 20 high high JJ 44541 150 21 . . . 44541 151 1 The the DT 44541 151 2 skull skull NN 44541 151 3 - - HYPH 44541 151 4 cap cap NN 44541 151 5 also also RB 44541 151 6 is be VBZ 44541 151 7 very very RB 44541 151 8 human human JJ 44541 151 9 , , , 44541 151 10 but but CC 44541 151 11 with with IN 44541 151 12 very very RB 44541 151 13 prominent prominent JJ 44541 151 14 eyebrow eyebrow NN 44541 151 15 ridges ridge NNS 44541 151 16 , , , 44541 151 17 like like IN 44541 151 18 those those DT 44541 151 19 of of IN 44541 151 20 the the DT 44541 151 21 famous famous JJ 44541 151 22 Neanderthal neanderthal JJ 44541 151 23 cranium cranium NN 44541 151 24 . . . 44541 152 1 It -PRON- PRP 44541 152 2 is be VBZ 44541 152 3 certainly certainly RB 44541 152 4 not not RB 44541 152 5 that that DT 44541 152 6 of of IN 44541 152 7 an an DT 44541 152 8 idiot idiot NN 44541 152 9 . . . 44541 153 1 It -PRON- PRP 44541 153 2 had have VBD 44541 153 3 an an DT 44541 153 4 estimated estimate VBN 44541 153 5 cranial cranial JJ 44541 153 6 capacity capacity NN 44541 153 7 of of IN 44541 153 8 about about RB 44541 153 9 1,000 1,000 CD 44541 153 10 cubic cubic JJ 44541 153 11 centimetres centimetre NNS 44541 153 12 -- -- : 44541 153 13 that that DT 44541 153 14 is be VBZ 44541 153 15 to to TO 44541 153 16 say say VB 44541 153 17 , , , 44541 153 18 much much RB 44541 153 19 more more JJR 44541 153 20 than than IN 44541 153 21 that that DT 44541 153 22 of of IN 44541 153 23 the the DT 44541 153 24 largest large JJS 44541 153 25 ape ape NN 44541 153 26 , , , 44541 153 27 which which WDT 44541 153 28 possesses possess VBZ 44541 153 29 not not RB 44541 153 30 more more JJR 44541 153 31 than than IN 44541 153 32 600 600 CD 44541 153 33 c.c c.c NNP 44541 153 34 . . . 44541 154 1 The the DT 44541 154 2 crania crania NN 44541 154 3 of of IN 44541 154 4 female female JJ 44541 154 5 Australians Australians NNPS 44541 154 6 and and CC 44541 154 7 Veddahs Veddahs NNP 44541 154 8 measure measure VBP 44541 154 9 not not RB 44541 154 10 more more JJR 44541 154 11 than than IN 44541 154 12 1,100 1,100 CD 44541 154 13 , , , 44541 154 14 some some DT 44541 154 15 even even RB 44541 154 16 less less JJR 44541 154 17 than than IN 44541 154 18 1,000 1,000 CD 44541 154 19 c.c c.c NNP 44541 154 20 . . . 44541 155 1 ; ; : 44541 155 2 but but CC 44541 155 3 , , , 44541 155 4 as as IN 44541 155 5 these these DT 44541 155 6 Veddah Veddah NNP 44541 155 7 women woman NNS 44541 155 8 stand stand VBP 44541 155 9 only only RB 44541 155 10 about about RB 44541 155 11 4 4 CD 44541 155 12 feet foot NNS 44541 155 13 9 9 CD 44541 155 14 inches inch NNS 44541 155 15 high high JJ 44541 155 16 , , , 44541 155 17 the the DT 44541 155 18 computed compute VBN 44541 155 19 cranial cranial JJ 44541 155 20 capacity capacity NN 44541 155 21 of of IN 44541 155 22 the the DT 44541 155 23 much much RB 44541 155 24 taller tall JJR 44541 155 25 Pithecanthropus Pithecanthropus NNP 44541 155 26 is be VBZ 44541 155 27 comparatively comparatively RB 44541 155 28 very very RB 44541 155 29 low low JJ 44541 155 30 indeed indeed RB 44541 155 31 . . . 44541 156 1 [ [ -LRB- 44541 156 2 10 10 CD 44541 156 3 ] ] -RRB- 44541 156 4 [ [ -LRB- 44541 156 5 10 10 CD 44541 156 6 ] ] -RRB- 44541 156 7 On on IN 44541 156 8 the the DT 44541 156 9 day day NN 44541 156 10 after after IN 44541 156 11 the the DT 44541 156 12 delivery delivery NN 44541 156 13 of of IN 44541 156 14 this this DT 44541 156 15 address address NN 44541 156 16 Dr. Dr. NNP 44541 156 17 Dubois Dubois NNP 44541 156 18 exhibited exhibit VBD 44541 156 19 the the DT 44541 156 20 cranium cranium NN 44541 156 21 of of IN 44541 156 22 Pithecanthropus Pithecanthropus NNP 44541 156 23 , , , 44541 156 24 from from IN 44541 156 25 which which WDT 44541 156 26 he -PRON- PRP 44541 156 27 had have VBD 44541 156 28 removed remove VBN 44541 156 29 the the DT 44541 156 30 stony stony NN 44541 156 31 matrix matrix NN 44541 156 32 which which WDT 44541 156 33 filled fill VBD 44541 156 34 the the DT 44541 156 35 inside inside NN 44541 156 36 , , , 44541 156 37 in in IN 44541 156 38 order order NN 44541 156 39 to to TO 44541 156 40 examine examine VB 44541 156 41 the the DT 44541 156 42 impression impression NN 44541 156 43 left leave VBN 44541 156 44 by by IN 44541 156 45 the the DT 44541 156 46 cerebral cerebral JJ 44541 156 47 convolutions convolution NNS 44541 156 48 . . . 44541 157 1 He -PRON- PRP 44541 157 2 was be VBD 44541 157 3 able able JJ 44541 157 4 to to TO 44541 157 5 show show VB 44541 157 6 that that IN 44541 157 7 they -PRON- PRP 44541 157 8 also also RB 44541 157 9 are be VBP 44541 157 10 very very RB 44541 157 11 human human JJ 44541 157 12 , , , 44541 157 13 and and CC 44541 157 14 more more RBR 44541 157 15 highly highly RB 44541 157 16 developed developed JJ 44541 157 17 than than IN 44541 157 18 those those DT 44541 157 19 of of IN 44541 157 20 the the DT 44541 157 21 recent recent JJ 44541 157 22 apes ape NNS 44541 157 23 . . . 44541 158 1 [ [ -LRB- 44541 158 2 Illustration illustration NN 44541 158 3 : : : 44541 158 4 The the DT 44541 158 5 upper upper JJ 44541 158 6 figure figure NN 44541 158 7 represents represent VBZ 44541 158 8 the the DT 44541 158 9 outlines outline NNS 44541 158 10 of of IN 44541 158 11 the the DT 44541 158 12 skull skull NN 44541 158 13 of of IN 44541 158 14 Pithecanthropus Pithecanthropus NNP 44541 158 15 , , , 44541 158 16 as as IN 44541 158 17 restored restore VBN 44541 158 18 by by IN 44541 158 19 Manouvier Manouvier NNP 44541 158 20 . . . 44541 159 1 [ [ -LRB- 44541 159 2 11 11 CD 44541 159 3 ] ] -RRB- 44541 159 4 The the DT 44541 159 5 lower low JJR 44541 159 6 figure figure NN 44541 159 7 shows show VBZ 44541 159 8 the the DT 44541 159 9 comparative comparative JJ 44541 159 10 size size NN 44541 159 11 and and CC 44541 159 12 shape shape NN 44541 159 13 of of IN 44541 159 14 Pithecanthropus Pithecanthropus NNP 44541 159 15 , , , 44541 159 16 the the DT 44541 159 17 Neanderthal Neanderthal NNP 44541 159 18 skull skull NN 44541 159 19 , , , 44541 159 20 a a DT 44541 159 21 specimen speciman NNS 44541 159 22 of of IN 44541 159 23 the the DT 44541 159 24 Cro Cro NNP 44541 159 25 - - HYPH 44541 159 26 Magnon Magnon NNP 44541 159 27 race race NN 44541 159 28 of of IN 44541 159 29 neolithic neolithic JJ 44541 159 30 France France NNP 44541 159 31 , , , 44541 159 32 and and CC 44541 159 33 a a DT 44541 159 34 Young Young NNP 44541 159 35 Chimpanzee Chimpanzee NNP 44541 159 36 before before IN 44541 159 37 the the DT 44541 159 38 full full JJ 44541 159 39 development development NN 44541 159 40 of of IN 44541 159 41 the the DT 44541 159 42 supraorbital supraorbital JJ 44541 159 43 crests crest NNS 44541 159 44 . . . 44541 159 45 ] ] -RRB- 44541 160 1 [ [ -LRB- 44541 160 2 11 11 CD 44541 160 3 ] ] -RRB- 44541 160 4 L. L. NNP 44541 160 5 Manouvier Manouvier NNP 44541 160 6 : : : 44541 160 7 ' ' '' 44541 160 8 Deuxième deuxième NN 44541 160 9 étude étude NN 44541 160 10 sur sur NNP 44541 160 11 le le NNP 44541 160 12 Pithecanthropus Pithecanthropus NNP 44541 160 13 erectus erectus NN 44541 160 14 comme comme JJ 44541 160 15 précurseur précurseur NNP 44541 160 16 présumé présumé NNP 44541 160 17 de de FW 44541 160 18 l'homme l'homme NNP 44541 160 19 . . . 44541 160 20 ' ' '' 44541 161 1 ( ( -LRB- 44541 161 2 _ _ NNP 44541 161 3 Bulletins Bulletins NNP 44541 161 4 de de NNP 44541 161 5 la la NNP 44541 161 6 Soc Soc NNP 44541 161 7 . . . 44541 162 1 d'Anthropologie d'Anthropologie NNP 44541 162 2 de de NNP 44541 162 3 Paris Paris NNP 44541 162 4 _ _ NNP 44541 162 5 , , , 44541 162 6 1895 1895 CD 44541 162 7 . . . 44541 162 8 ) ) -RRB- 44541 163 1 The the DT 44541 163 2 final final JJ 44541 163 3 result result NN 44541 163 4 of of IN 44541 163 5 the the DT 44541 163 6 long long JJ 44541 163 7 discussion discussion NN 44541 163 8 at at IN 44541 163 9 Leyden Leyden NNP 44541 163 10 was be VBD 44541 163 11 that that IN 44541 163 12 , , , 44541 163 13 of of IN 44541 163 14 twelve twelve CD 44541 163 15 experts expert NNS 44541 163 16 present present JJ 44541 163 17 , , , 44541 163 18 three three CD 44541 163 19 held hold VBD 44541 163 20 that that IN 44541 163 21 the the DT 44541 163 22 fossil fossil NN 44541 163 23 remains remain VBZ 44541 163 24 belonged belong VBN 44541 163 25 to to IN 44541 163 26 a a DT 44541 163 27 low low JJ 44541 163 28 race race NN 44541 163 29 of of IN 44541 163 30 man man NN 44541 163 31 ; ; : 44541 163 32 three three CD 44541 163 33 declared declare VBD 44541 163 34 them -PRON- PRP 44541 163 35 to to TO 44541 163 36 be be VB 44541 163 37 those those DT 44541 163 38 of of IN 44541 163 39 a a DT 44541 163 40 man man NN 44541 163 41 - - HYPH 44541 163 42 like like JJ 44541 163 43 ape ape NN 44541 163 44 of of IN 44541 163 45 great great JJ 44541 163 46 size size NN 44541 163 47 ; ; : 44541 163 48 the the DT 44541 163 49 rest rest NN 44541 163 50 maintained maintain VBD 44541 163 51 that that IN 44541 163 52 they -PRON- PRP 44541 163 53 belonged belong VBD 44541 163 54 to to IN 44541 163 55 an an DT 44541 163 56 intermediate intermediate JJ 44541 163 57 form form NN 44541 163 58 , , , 44541 163 59 which which WDT 44541 163 60 directly directly RB 44541 163 61 connected connect VBD 44541 163 62 primitive primitive JJ 44541 163 63 man man NN 44541 163 64 with with IN 44541 163 65 the the DT 44541 163 66 anthropoid anthropoid NN 44541 163 67 apes ape NNS 44541 163 68 . . . 44541 164 1 This this DT 44541 164 2 last last JJ 44541 164 3 view view NN 44541 164 4 is be VBZ 44541 164 5 the the DT 44541 164 6 right right JJ 44541 164 7 one one NN 44541 164 8 , , , 44541 164 9 and and CC 44541 164 10 accords accord NNS 44541 164 11 with with IN 44541 164 12 the the DT 44541 164 13 laws law NNS 44541 164 14 of of IN 44541 164 15 logical logical JJ 44541 164 16 inference inference NN 44541 164 17 . . . 44541 165 1 _ _ NNP 44541 165 2 Pithecanthropus Pithecanthropus NNP 44541 165 3 erectus erectus NN 44541 165 4 _ _ NNP 44541 165 5 of of IN 44541 165 6 Dubois Dubois NNP 44541 165 7 is be VBZ 44541 165 8 truly truly RB 44541 165 9 a a DT 44541 165 10 Pliocene pliocene JJ 44541 165 11 remainder remainder NN 44541 165 12 of of IN 44541 165 13 that that DT 44541 165 14 famous famous JJ 44541 165 15 group group NN 44541 165 16 of of IN 44541 165 17 highest high JJS 44541 165 18 Catarrhines Catarrhines NNP 44541 165 19 which which WDT 44541 165 20 were be VBD 44541 165 21 the the DT 44541 165 22 immediate immediate JJ 44541 165 23 pithecoid pithecoid JJ 44541 165 24 ancestors ancestor NNS 44541 165 25 of of IN 44541 165 26 man man NN 44541 165 27 . . . 44541 166 1 He -PRON- PRP 44541 166 2 is be VBZ 44541 166 3 , , , 44541 166 4 indeed indeed RB 44541 166 5 , , , 44541 166 6 the the DT 44541 166 7 long long RB 44541 166 8 - - HYPH 44541 166 9 searched search VBN 44541 166 10 - - HYPH 44541 166 11 for for IN 44541 166 12 ' ' `` 44541 166 13 missing missing JJ 44541 166 14 link link NN 44541 166 15 , , , 44541 166 16 ' ' '' 44541 166 17 for for IN 44541 166 18 which which WDT 44541 166 19 , , , 44541 166 20 in in IN 44541 166 21 1866 1866 CD 44541 166 22 , , , 44541 166 23 I -PRON- PRP 44541 166 24 myself -PRON- PRP 44541 166 25 had have VBD 44541 166 26 proposed propose VBN 44541 166 27 the the DT 44541 166 28 hypothetical hypothetical JJ 44541 166 29 genus genus NN 44541 166 30 Pithecanthropus Pithecanthropus NNP 44541 166 31 , , , 44541 166 32 species specie NNS 44541 166 33 Alalus Alalus NNP 44541 166 34 . . . 44541 167 1 It -PRON- PRP 44541 167 2 must must MD 44541 167 3 , , , 44541 167 4 however however RB 44541 167 5 , , , 44541 167 6 be be VB 44541 167 7 admitted admit VBN 44541 167 8 that that IN 44541 167 9 this this DT 44541 167 10 opinion opinion NN 44541 167 11 is be VBZ 44541 167 12 still still RB 44541 167 13 strongly strongly RB 44541 167 14 combated combat VBN 44541 167 15 by by IN 44541 167 16 some some DT 44541 167 17 distinguished distinguished JJ 44541 167 18 authorities authority NNS 44541 167 19 . . . 44541 168 1 At at IN 44541 168 2 the the DT 44541 168 3 Leyden leyden JJ 44541 168 4 Congress Congress NNP 44541 168 5 it -PRON- PRP 44541 168 6 was be VBD 44541 168 7 attacked attack VBN 44541 168 8 by by IN 44541 168 9 the the DT 44541 168 10 illustrious illustrious JJ 44541 168 11 pathologist pathologist NN 44541 168 12 Rudolf Rudolf NNP 44541 168 13 Virchow Virchow NNP 44541 168 14 . . . 44541 169 1 [ [ -LRB- 44541 169 2 12 12 CD 44541 169 3 ] ] -RRB- 44541 169 4 He -PRON- PRP 44541 169 5 , , , 44541 169 6 however however RB 44541 169 7 , , , 44541 169 8 is be VBZ 44541 169 9 one one CD 44541 169 10 of of IN 44541 169 11 the the DT 44541 169 12 minority minority NN 44541 169 13 of of IN 44541 169 14 leading lead VBG 44541 169 15 men man NNS 44541 169 16 of of IN 44541 169 17 science science NN 44541 169 18 who who WP 44541 169 19 set set VBD 44541 169 20 themselves -PRON- PRP 44541 169 21 to to TO 44541 169 22 refute refute VB 44541 169 23 the the DT 44541 169 24 theory theory NN 44541 169 25 of of IN 44541 169 26 Evolution evolution NN 44541 169 27 in in IN 44541 169 28 every every DT 44541 169 29 possible possible JJ 44541 169 30 way way NN 44541 169 31 . . . 44541 170 1 For for IN 44541 170 2 thirty thirty CD 44541 170 3 years year NNS 44541 170 4 he -PRON- PRP 44541 170 5 has have VBZ 44541 170 6 defended defend VBN 44541 170 7 the the DT 44541 170 8 thesis thesis NN 44541 170 9 : : : 44541 170 10 ' ' '' 44541 170 11 It -PRON- PRP 44541 170 12 is be VBZ 44541 170 13 quite quite RB 44541 170 14 certain certain JJ 44541 170 15 that that IN 44541 170 16 man man NN 44541 170 17 is be VBZ 44541 170 18 not not RB 44541 170 19 a a DT 44541 170 20 descendant descendant NN 44541 170 21 of of IN 44541 170 22 apes ape NNS 44541 170 23 . . . 44541 170 24 ' ' '' 44541 171 1 He -PRON- PRP 44541 171 2 declares declare VBZ 44541 171 3 any any DT 44541 171 4 intermediate intermediate JJ 44541 171 5 form form NN 44541 171 6 to to TO 44541 171 7 be be VB 44541 171 8 unimaginable unimaginable JJ 44541 171 9 save save NN 44541 171 10 in in IN 44541 171 11 a a DT 44541 171 12 dream dream NN 44541 171 13 . . . 44541 172 1 [ [ -LRB- 44541 172 2 12 12 CD 44541 172 3 ] ] -RRB- 44541 172 4 See See NNP 44541 172 5 Notes Notes NNPS 44541 172 6 , , , 44541 172 7 p. p. NN 44541 172 8 93 93 CD 44541 172 9 . . . 44541 173 1 Virchow Virchow NNP 44541 173 2 went go VBD 44541 173 3 to to IN 44541 173 4 the the DT 44541 173 5 Leyden leyden JJ 44541 173 6 Congress Congress NNP 44541 173 7 with with IN 44541 173 8 the the DT 44541 173 9 set set VBN 44541 173 10 purpose purpose NN 44541 173 11 of of IN 44541 173 12 disproving disproving NN 44541 173 13 that that WDT 44541 173 14 the the DT 44541 173 15 bones bone NNS 44541 173 16 found find VBN 44541 173 17 by by IN 44541 173 18 Dubois Dubois NNP 44541 173 19 belonged belong VBD 44541 173 20 to to IN 44541 173 21 a a DT 44541 173 22 creature creature NN 44541 173 23 which which WDT 44541 173 24 linked link VBD 44541 173 25 together together RP 44541 173 26 apes ape NNS 44541 173 27 and and CC 44541 173 28 man man NN 44541 173 29 . . . 44541 174 1 First first RB 44541 174 2 , , , 44541 174 3 he -PRON- PRP 44541 174 4 maintained maintain VBD 44541 174 5 that that IN 44541 174 6 the the DT 44541 174 7 skull skull NN 44541 174 8 was be VBD 44541 174 9 that that DT 44541 174 10 of of IN 44541 174 11 an an DT 44541 174 12 ape ape NN 44541 174 13 , , , 44541 174 14 while while IN 44541 174 15 the the DT 44541 174 16 thigh thigh NN 44541 174 17 belonged belong VBD 44541 174 18 to to IN 44541 174 19 man man NN 44541 174 20 . . . 44541 175 1 This this DT 44541 175 2 insinuation insinuation NN 44541 175 3 was be VBD 44541 175 4 at at IN 44541 175 5 once once RB 44541 175 6 refuted refute VBN 44541 175 7 by by IN 44541 175 8 the the DT 44541 175 9 expert expert NN 44541 175 10 palæontologists palæontologist NNS 44541 175 11 , , , 44541 175 12 who who WP 44541 175 13 declared declare VBD 44541 175 14 that that IN 44541 175 15 without without IN 44541 175 16 the the DT 44541 175 17 slightest slight JJS 44541 175 18 doubt doubt NN 44541 175 19 the the DT 44541 175 20 bones bone NNS 44541 175 21 belonged belong VBD 44541 175 22 to to IN 44541 175 23 one one CD 44541 175 24 and and CC 44541 175 25 the the DT 44541 175 26 same same JJ 44541 175 27 individual individual NN 44541 175 28 . . . 44541 176 1 Next next RB 44541 176 2 , , , 44541 176 3 Virchow Virchow NNP 44541 176 4 explained explain VBD 44541 176 5 that that IN 44541 176 6 certain certain JJ 44541 176 7 exostoses exostosis NNS 44541 176 8 or or CC 44541 176 9 growths growth NNS 44541 176 10 observable observable JJ 44541 176 11 on on IN 44541 176 12 the the DT 44541 176 13 thigh thigh NN 44541 176 14 proved prove VBD 44541 176 15 its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 176 16 human human JJ 44541 176 17 nature nature NN 44541 176 18 , , , 44541 176 19 since since IN 44541 176 20 only only RB 44541 176 21 under under IN 44541 176 22 careful careful JJ 44541 176 23 treatment treatment NN 44541 176 24 the the DT 44541 176 25 patient patient NN 44541 176 26 could could MD 44541 176 27 have have VB 44541 176 28 healed heal VBN 44541 176 29 the the DT 44541 176 30 original original JJ 44541 176 31 injury injury NN 44541 176 32 . . . 44541 177 1 Thereupon Thereupon NNP 44541 177 2 Professor Professor NNP 44541 177 3 Marsh Marsh NNP 44541 177 4 , , , 44541 177 5 the the DT 44541 177 6 celebrated celebrate VBN 44541 177 7 palæontologist palæontologist NN 44541 177 8 , , , 44541 177 9 exhibited exhibit VBD 44541 177 10 a a DT 44541 177 11 number number NN 44541 177 12 of of IN 44541 177 13 thigh thigh NN 44541 177 14 - - HYPH 44541 177 15 bones bone NNS 44541 177 16 of of IN 44541 177 17 wild wild JJ 44541 177 18 monkeys monkey NNS 44541 177 19 which which WDT 44541 177 20 showed show VBD 44541 177 21 similar similar JJ 44541 177 22 exostoses exostosis NNS 44541 177 23 and and CC 44541 177 24 had have VBD 44541 177 25 healed heal VBN 44541 177 26 without without IN 44541 177 27 hospital hospital NN 44541 177 28 treatment treatment NN 44541 177 29 . . . 44541 178 1 As as IN 44541 178 2 a a DT 44541 178 3 last last JJ 44541 178 4 argument argument NN 44541 178 5 the the DT 44541 178 6 Berlin Berlin NNP 44541 178 7 pathologist pathologist NN 44541 178 8 declared declare VBD 44541 178 9 that that IN 44541 178 10 the the DT 44541 178 11 deep deep JJ 44541 178 12 constriction constriction NN 44541 178 13 behind behind IN 44541 178 14 the the DT 44541 178 15 upper upper JJ 44541 178 16 margin margin NN 44541 178 17 of of IN 44541 178 18 the the DT 44541 178 19 orbits orbit NNS 44541 178 20 proved prove VBD 44541 178 21 that that IN 44541 178 22 the the DT 44541 178 23 skull skull NN 44541 178 24 was be VBD 44541 178 25 that that DT 44541 178 26 of of IN 44541 178 27 an an DT 44541 178 28 ape ape NN 44541 178 29 , , , 44541 178 30 as as IN 44541 178 31 such such JJ 44541 178 32 never never RB 44541 178 33 occurred occur VBD 44541 178 34 in in IN 44541 178 35 man man NN 44541 178 36 . . . 44541 179 1 It -PRON- PRP 44541 179 2 so so RB 44541 179 3 happened happen VBD 44541 179 4 that that IN 44541 179 5 a a DT 44541 179 6 few few JJ 44541 179 7 weeks week NNS 44541 179 8 later later RB 44541 179 9 Professor Professor NNP 44541 179 10 Nehring Nehring NNP 44541 179 11 of of IN 44541 179 12 Berlin Berlin NNP 44541 179 13 demonstrated demonstrate VBD 44541 179 14 exactly exactly RB 44541 179 15 the the DT 44541 179 16 same same JJ 44541 179 17 formation formation NN 44541 179 18 on on IN 44541 179 19 a a DT 44541 179 20 human human JJ 44541 179 21 prehistoric prehistoric JJ 44541 179 22 skull skull NN 44541 179 23 received receive VBN 44541 179 24 by by IN 44541 179 25 him -PRON- PRP 44541 179 26 from from IN 44541 179 27 Santos Santos NNP 44541 179 28 , , , 44541 179 29 in in IN 44541 179 30 Brazil Brazil NNP 44541 179 31 . . . 44541 180 1 Virchow Virchow NNP 44541 180 2 was be VBD 44541 180 3 , , , 44541 180 4 in in IN 44541 180 5 fact fact NN 44541 180 6 , , , 44541 180 7 just just RB 44541 180 8 as as IN 44541 180 9 unlucky unlucky JJ 44541 180 10 in in IN 44541 180 11 Leyden Leyden NNP 44541 180 12 in in IN 44541 180 13 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 180 14 fight fight NN 44541 180 15 with with IN 44541 180 16 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 180 17 pliocene pliocene JJ 44541 180 18 ancestor ancestor NN 44541 180 19 as as IN 44541 180 20 he -PRON- PRP 44541 180 21 had have VBD 44541 180 22 been be VBN 44541 180 23 unfortunate unfortunate JJ 44541 180 24 in in IN 44541 180 25 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 180 26 opinion opinion NN 44541 180 27 on on IN 44541 180 28 the the DT 44541 180 29 famous famous JJ 44541 180 30 skulls skull NNS 44541 180 31 of of IN 44541 180 32 Neanderthal Neanderthal NNP 44541 180 33 , , , 44541 180 34 Spy Spy NNP 44541 180 35 , , , 44541 180 36 La La NNP 44541 180 37 Naulette Naulette NNP 44541 180 38 , , , 44541 180 39 etc etc FW 44541 180 40 . . FW 44541 180 41 , , , 44541 180 42 every every DT 44541 180 43 one one CD 44541 180 44 of of IN 44541 180 45 which which WDT 44541 180 46 he -PRON- PRP 44541 180 47 explained explain VBD 44541 180 48 as as IN 44541 180 49 a a DT 44541 180 50 pathological pathological JJ 44541 180 51 abnormality abnormality NN 44541 180 52 . . . 44541 181 1 It -PRON- PRP 44541 181 2 would would MD 44541 181 3 be be VB 44541 181 4 a a DT 44541 181 5 very very RB 44541 181 6 curious curious JJ 44541 181 7 coincidence coincidence NN 44541 181 8 indeed indeed RB 44541 181 9 if if IN 44541 181 10 all all PDT 44541 181 11 these these DT 44541 181 12 and and CC 44541 181 13 other other JJ 44541 181 14 fossil fossil NN 44541 181 15 human human NN 44541 181 16 remains remain NNS 44541 181 17 were be VBD 44541 181 18 those those DT 44541 181 19 of of IN 44541 181 20 idiots idiot NNS 44541 181 21 or or CC 44541 181 22 otherwise otherwise RB 44541 181 23 abnormal abnormal JJ 44541 181 24 individuals individual NNS 44541 181 25 , , , 44541 181 26 provided provide VBN 44541 181 27 they -PRON- PRP 44541 181 28 are be VBP 44541 181 29 old old JJ 44541 181 30 and and CC 44541 181 31 low low JJ 44541 181 32 enough enough RB 44541 181 33 in in IN 44541 181 34 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 181 35 organization organization NN 44541 181 36 to to TO 44541 181 37 be be VB 44541 181 38 of of IN 44541 181 39 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ 44541 181 40 value value NN 44541 181 41 to to IN 44541 181 42 the the DT 44541 181 43 unbiassed unbiassed JJ 44541 181 44 zoologist zoologist NN 44541 181 45 . . . 44541 182 1 As as IN 44541 182 2 the the DT 44541 182 3 sworn swear VBN 44541 182 4 adversary adversary NN 44541 182 5 of of IN 44541 182 6 Evolution Evolution NNP 44541 182 7 , , , 44541 182 8 transformism transformism NN 44541 182 9 , , , 44541 182 10 and and CC 44541 182 11 Darwinism Darwinism NNP 44541 182 12 in in IN 44541 182 13 particular particular JJ 44541 182 14 , , , 44541 182 15 but but CC 44541 182 16 a a DT 44541 182 17 believer believer NN 44541 182 18 in in IN 44541 182 19 the the DT 44541 182 20 constancy constancy NN 44541 182 21 of of IN 44541 182 22 species specie NNS 44541 182 23 , , , 44541 182 24 the the DT 44541 182 25 great great JJ 44541 182 26 and and CC 44541 182 27 renowned renowned JJ 44541 182 28 pathologist pathologist NN 44541 182 29 has have VBZ 44541 182 30 been be VBN 44541 182 31 driven drive VBN 44541 182 32 to to IN 44541 182 33 the the DT 44541 182 34 incredible incredible JJ 44541 182 35 contention contention NN 44541 182 36 that that IN 44541 182 37 all all DT 44541 182 38 variations variation NNS 44541 182 39 of of IN 44541 182 40 organic organic JJ 44541 182 41 forms form NNS 44541 182 42 are be VBP 44541 182 43 pathological pathological JJ 44541 182 44 . . . 44541 183 1 Four four CD 44541 183 2 years year NNS 44541 183 3 ago ago RB 44541 183 4 , , , 44541 183 5 as as IN 44541 183 6 honorary honorary JJ 44541 183 7 president president NN 44541 183 8 of of IN 44541 183 9 the the DT 44541 183 10 Anthropological Anthropological NNP 44541 183 11 Congress Congress NNP 44541 183 12 at at IN 44541 183 13 Vienna Vienna NNP 44541 183 14 , , , 44541 183 15 he -PRON- PRP 44541 183 16 attacked attack VBD 44541 183 17 Darwinism Darwinism NNP 44541 183 18 in in IN 44541 183 19 the the DT 44541 183 20 severest severest NN 44541 183 21 manner manner NN 44541 183 22 , , , 44541 183 23 and and CC 44541 183 24 declared declare VBD 44541 183 25 that that IN 44541 183 26 ' ' `` 44541 183 27 man man NN 44541 183 28 may may MD 44541 183 29 be be VB 44541 183 30 as as RB 44541 183 31 well well RB 44541 183 32 descended descend VBN 44541 183 33 from from IN 44541 183 34 the the DT 44541 183 35 elephant elephant NN 44541 183 36 or or CC 44541 183 37 from from IN 44541 183 38 the the DT 44541 183 39 sheep sheep NN 44541 183 40 as as IN 44541 183 41 from from IN 44541 183 42 the the DT 44541 183 43 ape ape NN 44541 183 44 . . . 44541 183 45 ' ' '' 44541 184 1 Such such JJ 44541 184 2 attacks attack NNS 44541 184 3 on on IN 44541 184 4 the the DT 44541 184 5 theory theory NN 44541 184 6 of of IN 44541 184 7 transformism transformism NN 44541 184 8 indicate indicate VBP 44541 184 9 a a DT 44541 184 10 failure failure NN 44541 184 11 to to TO 44541 184 12 understand understand VB 44541 184 13 the the DT 44541 184 14 principles principle NNS 44541 184 15 of of IN 44541 184 16 the the DT 44541 184 17 theory theory NN 44541 184 18 of of IN 44541 184 19 Evolution Evolution NNP 44541 184 20 and and CC 44541 184 21 to to TO 44541 184 22 appreciate appreciate VB 44541 184 23 the the DT 44541 184 24 significance significance NN 44541 184 25 of of IN 44541 184 26 palæontology palæontology NN 44541 184 27 , , , 44541 184 28 comparative comparative JJ 44541 184 29 anatomy anatomy NN 44541 184 30 , , , 44541 184 31 and and CC 44541 184 32 ontogeny ontogeny NN 44541 184 33 . . . 44541 185 1 The the DT 44541 185 2 thousands thousand NNS 44541 185 3 of of IN 44541 185 4 other other JJ 44541 185 5 objections objection NNS 44541 185 6 which which WDT 44541 185 7 have have VBP 44541 185 8 been be VBN 44541 185 9 made make VBN 44541 185 10 during during IN 44541 185 11 the the DT 44541 185 12 last last JJ 44541 185 13 forty forty NN 44541 185 14 years year NNS 44541 185 15 ( ( -LRB- 44541 185 16 chiefly chiefly RB 44541 185 17 by by IN 44541 185 18 outsiders outsider NNS 44541 185 19 ) ) -RRB- 44541 185 20 may may MD 44541 185 21 be be VB 44541 185 22 passed pass VBN 44541 185 23 over over RP 44541 185 24 in in IN 44541 185 25 silence silence NN 44541 185 26 . . . 44541 186 1 They -PRON- PRP 44541 186 2 do do VBP 44541 186 3 not not RB 44541 186 4 require require VB 44541 186 5 serious serious JJ 44541 186 6 refutation refutation NN 44541 186 7 . . . 44541 187 1 In in IN 44541 187 2 spite spite NN 44541 187 3 of of IN 44541 187 4 , , , 44541 187 5 or or CC 44541 187 6 perhaps perhaps RB 44541 187 7 because because IN 44541 187 8 of of IN 44541 187 9 , , , 44541 187 10 these these DT 44541 187 11 attacks attack NNS 44541 187 12 , , , 44541 187 13 the the DT 44541 187 14 theory theory NN 44541 187 15 of of IN 44541 187 16 Evolution Evolution NNP 44541 187 17 stands stand VBZ 44541 187 18 established establish VBN 44541 187 19 more more RBR 44541 187 20 firmly firmly RB 44541 187 21 than than IN 44541 187 22 ever ever RB 44541 187 23 . . . 44541 188 1 It -PRON- PRP 44541 188 2 is be VBZ 44541 188 3 easy easy JJ 44541 188 4 for for IN 44541 188 5 the the DT 44541 188 6 outsider outsider NN 44541 188 7 to to TO 44541 188 8 exult exult VB 44541 188 9 over over IN 44541 188 10 the the DT 44541 188 11 difficulties difficulty NNS 44541 188 12 which which WDT 44541 188 13 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 188 14 problem problem NN 44541 188 15 implies imply VBZ 44541 188 16 -- -- : 44541 188 17 difficulties difficulty NNS 44541 188 18 which which WDT 44541 188 19 we -PRON- PRP 44541 188 20 who who WP 44541 188 21 have have VBP 44541 188 22 given give VBN 44541 188 23 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 188 24 lives life NNS 44541 188 25 to to IN 44541 188 26 the the DT 44541 188 27 study study NN 44541 188 28 understand understand VB 44541 188 29 likewise likewise RB 44541 188 30 , , , 44541 188 31 and and CC 44541 188 32 try try VB 44541 188 33 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 188 34 best good JJS 44541 188 35 not not RB 44541 188 36 only only RB 44541 188 37 to to TO 44541 188 38 bridge bridge VB 44541 188 39 over over RP 44541 188 40 , , , 44541 188 41 but but CC 44541 188 42 also also RB 44541 188 43 to to TO 44541 188 44 point point VB 44541 188 45 out out RP 44541 188 46 . . . 44541 189 1 Anyhow anyhow RB 44541 189 2 , , , 44541 189 3 we -PRON- PRP 44541 189 4 do do VBP 44541 189 5 not not RB 44541 189 6 conceal conceal VB 44541 189 7 them -PRON- PRP 44541 189 8 ; ; : 44541 189 9 while while IN 44541 189 10 those those DT 44541 189 11 who who WP 44541 189 12 reject reject VBP 44541 189 13 the the DT 44541 189 14 explanation explanation NN 44541 189 15 offered offer VBN 44541 189 16 by by IN 44541 189 17 Evolution Evolution NNP 44541 189 18 make make VB 44541 189 19 the the DT 44541 189 20 most most JJS 44541 189 21 of of IN 44541 189 22 the the DT 44541 189 23 gaps gap NNS 44541 189 24 , , , 44541 189 25 and and CC 44541 189 26 pass pass VB 44541 189 27 silently silently RB 44541 189 28 over over IN 44541 189 29 the the DT 44541 189 30 far far RB 44541 189 31 more more RBR 44541 189 32 numerous numerous JJ 44541 189 33 points point NNS 44541 189 34 favourable favourable JJ 44541 189 35 to to IN 44541 189 36 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 189 37 theory theory NN 44541 189 38 . . . 44541 190 1 How how WRB 44541 190 2 fruitful fruitful JJ 44541 190 3 during during IN 44541 190 4 the the DT 44541 190 5 last last JJ 44541 190 6 thirty thirty CD 44541 190 7 years year NNS 44541 190 8 the the DT 44541 190 9 astonishing astonishing JJ 44541 190 10 progress progress NN 44541 190 11 in in IN 44541 190 12 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 190 13 palæontological palæontological JJ 44541 190 14 knowledge knowledge NN 44541 190 15 has have VBZ 44541 190 16 been be VBN 44541 190 17 for for IN 44541 190 18 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 190 19 Pithecometra Pithecometra NNP 44541 190 20 - - HYPH 44541 190 21 thesis thesis NN 44541 190 22 is be VBZ 44541 190 23 best well RBS 44541 190 24 shown show VBN 44541 190 25 by by IN 44541 190 26 a a DT 44541 190 27 short short JJ 44541 190 28 glance glance NN 44541 190 29 at at IN 44541 190 30 the the DT 44541 190 31 growth growth NN 44541 190 32 of of IN 44541 190 33 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 190 34 knowledge knowledge NN 44541 190 35 of of IN 44541 190 36 fossil fossil JJ 44541 190 37 Primates Primates NNPS 44541 190 38 . . . 44541 191 1 Cuvier,[13 cuvier,[13 LS 44541 191 2 ] ] -RRB- 44541 191 3 the the DT 44541 191 4 founder founder NN 44541 191 5 of of IN 44541 191 6 palæontology palæontology NN 44541 191 7 , , , 44541 191 8 continued continue VBD 44541 191 9 up up IN 44541 191 10 to to IN 44541 191 11 the the DT 44541 191 12 time time NN 44541 191 13 of of IN 44541 191 14 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 191 15 death death NN 44541 191 16 , , , 44541 191 17 in in IN 44541 191 18 1832 1832 CD 44541 191 19 , , , 44541 191 20 to to TO 44541 191 21 assert assert VB 44541 191 22 that that DT 44541 191 23 fossil fossil NN 44541 191 24 remains remain NNS 44541 191 25 of of IN 44541 191 26 monkeys monkey NNS 44541 191 27 and and CC 44541 191 28 lemurs lemur NNS 44541 191 29 did do VBD 44541 191 30 not not RB 44541 191 31 exist exist VB 44541 191 32 . . . 44541 192 1 The the DT 44541 192 2 only only JJ 44541 192 3 skull skull NN 44541 192 4 of of IN 44541 192 5 a a DT 44541 192 6 fossil fossil NN 44541 192 7 lemuroid lemuroid NN 44541 192 8 which which WDT 44541 192 9 he -PRON- PRP 44541 192 10 described describe VBD 44541 192 11 ( ( -LRB- 44541 192 12 namely namely RB 44541 192 13 , , , 44541 192 14 Adapis Adapis NNP 44541 192 15 ) ) -RRB- 44541 192 16 he -PRON- PRP 44541 192 17 declared declare VBD 44541 192 18 to to TO 44541 192 19 be be VB 44541 192 20 that that DT 44541 192 21 of of IN 44541 192 22 an an DT 44541 192 23 ungulate ungulate NN 44541 192 24 . . . 44541 193 1 Not not RB 44541 193 2 until until IN 44541 193 3 1836 1836 CD 44541 193 4 were be VBD 44541 193 5 the the DT 44541 193 6 first first JJ 44541 193 7 fragments fragment NNS 44541 193 8 of of IN 44541 193 9 extinct extinct JJ 44541 193 10 monkeys monkey NNS 44541 193 11 found find VBN 44541 193 12 in in IN 44541 193 13 India India NNP 44541 193 14 ; ; : 44541 193 15 it -PRON- PRP 44541 193 16 was be VBD 44541 193 17 two two CD 44541 193 18 years year NNS 44541 193 19 later later RB 44541 193 20 , , , 44541 193 21 near near IN 44541 193 22 Athens Athens NNP 44541 193 23 , , , 44541 193 24 that that IN 44541 193 25 the the DT 44541 193 26 skeleton skeleton NN 44541 193 27 of of IN 44541 193 28 _ _ NNP 44541 193 29 Mesopithecus Mesopithecus NNP 44541 193 30 penthelicus penthelicus NN 44541 193 31 _ _ NNP 44541 193 32 was be VBD 44541 193 33 discovered discover VBN 44541 193 34 . . . 44541 194 1 Other other JJ 44541 194 2 remains remain NNS 44541 194 3 of of IN 44541 194 4 lemurs lemur NNS 44541 194 5 were be VBD 44541 194 6 found find VBN 44541 194 7 in in IN 44541 194 8 1862 1862 CD 44541 194 9 . . . 44541 195 1 But but CC 44541 195 2 during during IN 44541 195 3 the the DT 44541 195 4 last last JJ 44541 195 5 twenty twenty CD 44541 195 6 years year NNS 44541 195 7 the the DT 44541 195 8 number number NN 44541 195 9 of of IN 44541 195 10 fossil fossil JJ 44541 195 11 Primates Primates NNPS 44541 195 12 has have VBZ 44541 195 13 been be VBN 44541 195 14 augmented augment VBN 44541 195 15 by by IN 44541 195 16 the the DT 44541 195 17 remarkable remarkable JJ 44541 195 18 discoveries discovery NNS 44541 195 19 of of IN 44541 195 20 Gaudry Gaudry NNP 44541 195 21 , , , 44541 195 22 Filhol Filhol NNP 44541 195 23 , , , 44541 195 24 Milne Milne NNP 44541 195 25 Edwards Edwards NNP 44541 195 26 , , , 44541 195 27 Seeley Seeley NNP 44541 195 28 , , , 44541 195 29 Schlosser Schlosser NNP 44541 195 30 , , , 44541 195 31 and and CC 44541 195 32 others other NNS 44541 195 33 in in IN 44541 195 34 Europe Europe NNP 44541 195 35 ; ; : 44541 195 36 of of IN 44541 195 37 Marsh Marsh NNP 44541 195 38 , , , 44541 195 39 Cope Cope NNP 44541 195 40 , , , 44541 195 41 Osborn Osborn NNP 44541 195 42 , , , 44541 195 43 Leidy Leidy NNP 44541 195 44 , , , 44541 195 45 Ameghino Ameghino NNP 44541 195 46 , , , 44541 195 47 in in IN 44541 195 48 South South NNP 44541 195 49 America America NNP 44541 195 50 ; ; : 44541 195 51 and and CC 44541 195 52 Forsyth Forsyth NNP 44541 195 53 Major Major NNP 44541 195 54 in in IN 44541 195 55 Madagascar Madagascar NNP 44541 195 56 . . . 44541 196 1 [ [ -LRB- 44541 196 2 14 14 CD 44541 196 3 ] ] -RRB- 44541 196 4 These these DT 44541 196 5 tertiary tertiary NN 44541 196 6 remains remain VBZ 44541 196 7 , , , 44541 196 8 chiefly chiefly RB 44541 196 9 of of IN 44541 196 10 Eocene Eocene NNP 44541 196 11 and and CC 44541 196 12 Miocene Miocene NNP 44541 196 13 date date NN 44541 196 14 , , , 44541 196 15 fill fill VB 44541 196 16 many many JJ 44541 196 17 gaps gap NNS 44541 196 18 between between IN 44541 196 19 existing exist VBG 44541 196 20 genera genera NN 44541 196 21 of of IN 44541 196 22 Primates Primates NNPS 44541 196 23 , , , 44541 196 24 and and CC 44541 196 25 afford afford VB 44541 196 26 us -PRON- PRP 44541 196 27 quite quite PDT 44541 196 28 a a DT 44541 196 29 clear clear JJ 44541 196 30 insight insight NN 44541 196 31 into into IN 44541 196 32 the the DT 44541 196 33 phyletic phyletic JJ 44541 196 34 development development NN 44541 196 35 of of IN 44541 196 36 this this DT 44541 196 37 order order NN 44541 196 38 during during IN 44541 196 39 the the DT 44541 196 40 millions million NNS 44541 196 41 of of IN 44541 196 42 years year NNS 44541 196 43 of of IN 44541 196 44 the the DT 44541 196 45 Cænozoic Cænozoic NNP 44541 196 46 age age NN 44541 196 47 . . . 44541 197 1 [ [ -LRB- 44541 197 2 13 13 CD 44541 197 3 ] ] -RRB- 44541 197 4 See see VB 44541 197 5 notes note NNS 44541 197 6 , , , 44541 197 7 p. p. NN 44541 197 8 87 87 CD 44541 197 9 . . . 44541 198 1 [ [ -LRB- 44541 198 2 14 14 CD 44541 198 3 ] ] -RRB- 44541 198 4 F. F. NNP 44541 198 5 AMEGHINO AMEGHINO NNP 44541 198 6 : : : 44541 198 7 ' ' '' 44541 198 8 Contribucion Contribucion NNP 44541 198 9 al al NNP 44541 198 10 conocimiento conocimiento NNP 44541 198 11 de de NNP 44541 198 12 los los NNP 44541 198 13 mamíferos mamíferos NNP 44541 198 14 de de NNP 44541 198 15 la la NNP 44541 198 16 república república NNP 44541 198 17 Argentina Argentina NNP 44541 198 18 . . . 44541 198 19 ' ' '' 44541 199 1 In in IN 44541 199 2 _ _ NNP 44541 199 3 Actas Actas NNP 44541 199 4 de de NNP 44541 199 5 la la NNP 44541 199 6 Academia Academia NNP 44541 199 7 nacional nacional JJ 44541 199 8 de de IN 44541 199 9 Sciencias Sciencias NNP 44541 199 10 en en NNP 44541 199 11 Cordoba Cordoba NNP 44541 199 12 _ _ NNP 44541 199 13 , , , 44541 199 14 1889.--Another 1889.--another CD 44541 199 15 article article NN 44541 199 16 in in IN 44541 199 17 _ _ NNP 44541 199 18 Revista Revista NNP 44541 199 19 Argentina Argentina NNP 44541 199 20 de de IN 44541 199 21 Historia Historia NNP 44541 199 22 natural natural JJ 44541 199 23 _ _ NNP 44541 199 24 . . . 44541 200 1 Buenos Buenos NNP 44541 200 2 Aires Aires NNP 44541 200 3 , , , 44541 200 4 1891 1891 CD 44541 200 5 . . . 44541 201 1 A. a. JJ 44541 201 2 GAUDRY GAUDRY NNS 44541 201 3 : : : 44541 201 4 ' ' '' 44541 201 5 Animaux Animaux NNP 44541 201 6 fossiles fossile NNS 44541 201 7 et et FW 44541 201 8 géologie géologie NN 44541 201 9 de de FW 44541 201 10 l'Attique l'Attique NNP 44541 201 11 . . . 44541 201 12 ' ' '' 44541 202 1 1862.--'Le 1862.--'le CD 44541 202 2 Dryopithèque Dryopithèque NNP 44541 202 3 . . . 44541 202 4 ' ' '' 44541 203 1 _ _ NNP 44541 203 2 Mém Mém NNP 44541 203 3 . . . 44541 204 1 Soc Soc NNP 44541 204 2 . . . 44541 205 1 géol géol NNP 44541 205 2 . . . 44541 206 1 de de NNP 44541 206 2 France France NNP 44541 206 3 _ _ NNP 44541 206 4 : : : 44541 206 5 ' ' '' 44541 206 6 Paléontologie Paléontologie NNP 44541 206 7 . . . 44541 206 8 ' ' '' 44541 207 1 1890 1890 CD 44541 207 2 . . . 44541 208 1 O. O. NNP 44541 208 2 MARSH MARSH NNP 44541 208 3 : : : 44541 208 4 ' ' '' 44541 208 5 Introduction introduction NN 44541 208 6 and and CC 44541 208 7 Succession Succession NNP 44541 208 8 of of IN 44541 208 9 Vertebrate Vertebrate NNP 44541 208 10 Life Life NNP 44541 208 11 in in IN 44541 208 12 America America NNP 44541 208 13 . . . 44541 208 14 ' ' '' 44541 209 1 Address address NN 44541 209 2 , , , 44541 209 3 Amer Amer NNP 44541 209 4 . . . 44541 210 1 Assoc Assoc NNP 44541 210 2 . . . 44541 211 1 Adv Adv NNP 44541 211 2 . . . 44541 212 1 Sci Sci NNP 44541 212 2 . . NNP 44541 212 3 , , , 44541 212 4 Nashville Nashville NNP 44541 212 5 , , , 44541 212 6 1887 1887 CD 44541 212 7 . . . 44541 213 1 H. H. NNP 44541 213 2 F. F. NNP 44541 213 3 OSBORN osborn NN 44541 213 4 : : : 44541 213 5 ' ' '' 44541 213 6 The the DT 44541 213 7 Rise rise NN 44541 213 8 of of IN 44541 213 9 the the DT 44541 213 10 Mammalia Mammalia NNP 44541 213 11 in in IN 44541 213 12 North North NNP 44541 213 13 America America NNP 44541 213 14 . . . 44541 213 15 ' ' '' 44541 214 1 Address address NN 44541 214 2 , , , 44541 214 3 Amer Amer NNP 44541 214 4 . . . 44541 215 1 Assoc Assoc NNP 44541 215 2 . . . 44541 216 1 Adv Adv NNP 44541 216 2 . . . 44541 217 1 Sci Sci NNP 44541 217 2 . . NNP 44541 217 3 , , , 44541 217 4 Madison Madison NNP 44541 217 5 , , , 44541 217 6 1893 1893 CD 44541 217 7 . . . 44541 218 1 L. l. NN 44541 218 2 RUETIMEYER RUETIMEYER NNP 44541 218 3 : : : 44541 218 4 ' ' `` 44541 218 5 Ueber Ueber NNP 44541 218 6 die die VBP 44541 218 7 Herkunft Herkunft NNP 44541 218 8 unserer unserer NN 44541 218 9 Thierwelt Thierwelt NNP 44541 218 10 , , , 44541 218 11 ' ' '' 44541 218 12 Basel Basel NNP 44541 218 13 , , , 44541 218 14 1867 1867 CD 44541 218 15 . . . 44541 219 1 C. C. NNP 44541 219 2 S. S. NNP 44541 219 3 FORSYTH FORSYTH NNP 44541 219 4 MAJOR MAJOR VBZ 44541 219 5 : : : 44541 219 6 ' ' '' 44541 219 7 Fossil fossil JJ 44541 219 8 Monkeys Monkeys NNPS 44541 219 9 from from IN 44541 219 10 Madagascar Madagascar NNP 44541 219 11 . . . 44541 219 12 ' ' '' 44541 220 1 _ _ NNP 44541 220 2 Geological Geological NNP 44541 220 3 Magazine Magazine NNP 44541 220 4 _ _ NNP 44541 220 5 , , , 44541 220 6 1896 1896 CD 44541 220 7 . . . 44541 221 1 M. M. NNP 44541 221 2 SCHLOSSER SCHLOSSER NNP 44541 221 3 : : : 44541 221 4 ' ' `` 44541 221 5 Ueber Ueber NNP 44541 221 6 die die VBP 44541 221 7 Beziehungen Beziehungen NNP 44541 221 8 der der VBP 44541 221 9 ausgestorbenen ausgestorbenen FW 44541 221 10 Saeugethierfaunen Saeugethierfaunen NNP 44541 221 11 und und NN 44541 221 12 ihr ihr VBD 44541 221 13 Verhaeltniss Verhaeltniss NNP 44541 221 14 zur zur NNP 44541 221 15 Saeugethierfauna Saeugethierfauna NNP 44541 221 16 der der VBP 44541 221 17 Gegenwart Gegenwart NNP 44541 221 18 . . . 44541 221 19 ' ' '' 44541 222 1 Biolog Biolog NNP 44541 222 2 . . . 44541 223 1 Centralblatt Centralblatt NNP 44541 223 2 , , , 44541 223 3 1888 1888 CD 44541 223 4 . . . 44541 224 1 The the DT 44541 224 2 most most RBS 44541 224 3 important important JJ 44541 224 4 difference difference NN 44541 224 5 between between IN 44541 224 6 the the DT 44541 224 7 two two CD 44541 224 8 groups group NNS 44541 224 9 of of IN 44541 224 10 existing exist VBG 44541 224 11 monkeys monkey NNS 44541 224 12 is be VBZ 44541 224 13 indicated indicate VBN 44541 224 14 by by IN 44541 224 15 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 224 16 dentition dentition NN 44541 224 17 . . . 44541 225 1 Adult adult JJ 44541 225 2 man man NN 44541 225 3 possesses possess VBZ 44541 225 4 , , , 44541 225 5 like like IN 44541 225 6 all all PDT 44541 225 7 the the DT 44541 225 8 other other JJ 44541 225 9 Catarrhine Catarrhine NNP 44541 225 10 Simiæ Simiæ NNP 44541 225 11 , , , 44541 225 12 thirty thirty CD 44541 225 13 - - HYPH 44541 225 14 two two CD 44541 225 15 teeth tooth NNS 44541 225 16 , , , 44541 225 17 whilst whilst IN 44541 225 18 the the DT 44541 225 19 American american JJ 44541 225 20 monkeys monkey NNS 44541 225 21 ( ( -LRB- 44541 225 22 the the DT 44541 225 23 Platyrrhinæ Platyrrhinæ NNPS 44541 225 24 ) ) -RRB- 44541 225 25 have have VBP 44541 225 26 thirty thirty CD 44541 225 27 - - HYPH 44541 225 28 six six CD 44541 225 29 teeth tooth NNS 44541 225 30 -- -- : 44541 225 31 namely namely RB 44541 225 32 , , , 44541 225 33 one one CD 44541 225 34 pair pair NN 44541 225 35 of of IN 44541 225 36 premolars premolar NNS 44541 225 37 more more JJR 44541 225 38 in in IN 44541 225 39 the the DT 44541 225 40 upper upper JJ 44541 225 41 and and CC 44541 225 42 lower lower JJ 44541 225 43 jaws jaw NNS 44541 225 44 . . . 44541 226 1 Comparative comparative JJ 44541 226 2 odontology odontology NN 44541 226 3 leads lead VBZ 44541 226 4 us -PRON- PRP 44541 226 5 to to IN 44541 226 6 the the DT 44541 226 7 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ 44541 226 8 conclusion conclusion NN 44541 226 9 that that IN 44541 226 10 this this DT 44541 226 11 number number NN 44541 226 12 has have VBZ 44541 226 13 been be VBN 44541 226 14 produced produce VBN 44541 226 15 by by IN 44541 226 16 reduction reduction NN 44541 226 17 from from IN 44541 226 18 a a DT 44541 226 19 still still RB 44541 226 20 older old JJR 44541 226 21 form form NN 44541 226 22 with with IN 44541 226 23 forty forty CD 44541 226 24 - - HYPH 44541 226 25 four four CD 44541 226 26 teeth tooth NNS 44541 226 27 . . . 44541 227 1 This this DT 44541 227 2 typical typical JJ 44541 227 3 dental dental JJ 44541 227 4 formula formula NN 44541 227 5 ( ( -LRB- 44541 227 6 three three CD 44541 227 7 incisors incisor NNS 44541 227 8 , , , 44541 227 9 one one CD 44541 227 10 canine canine NN 44541 227 11 , , , 44541 227 12 four four CD 44541 227 13 premolars premolar NNS 44541 227 14 , , , 44541 227 15 and and CC 44541 227 16 three three CD 44541 227 17 molars molar NNS 44541 227 18 , , , 44541 227 19 in in IN 44541 227 20 each each DT 44541 227 21 half half JJ 44541 227 22 - - HYPH 44541 227 23 jaw jaw NN 44541 227 24 ) ) -RRB- 44541 227 25 is be VBZ 44541 227 26 common common JJ 44541 227 27 to to IN 44541 227 28 all all PDT 44541 227 29 those those DT 44541 227 30 most most RBS 44541 227 31 important important JJ 44541 227 32 older old JJR 44541 227 33 mammals mammal NNS 44541 227 34 which which WDT 44541 227 35 in in IN 44541 227 36 the the DT 44541 227 37 beginning beginning NN 44541 227 38 of of IN 44541 227 39 the the DT 44541 227 40 Eocene Eocene NNP 44541 227 41 period period NN 44541 227 42 constituted constitute VBD 44541 227 43 the the DT 44541 227 44 four four CD 44541 227 45 large large JJ 44541 227 46 groups group NNS 44541 227 47 of of IN 44541 227 48 Lemuravida Lemuravida NNP 44541 227 49 , , , 44541 227 50 Condylarthra Condylarthra NNP 44541 227 51 , , , 44541 227 52 Esthonychida Esthonychida NNP 44541 227 53 , , , 44541 227 54 and and CC 44541 227 55 Ictopsida Ictopsida NNP 44541 227 56 . . . 44541 228 1 These these DT 44541 228 2 are be VBP 44541 228 3 the the DT 44541 228 4 four four CD 44541 228 5 ancestral ancestral JJ 44541 228 6 groups group NNS 44541 228 7 of of IN 44541 228 8 the the DT 44541 228 9 four four CD 44541 228 10 main main JJ 44541 228 11 orders order NNS 44541 228 12 of of IN 44541 228 13 Placentalia Placentalia NNP 44541 228 14 -- -- : 44541 228 15 namely namely RB 44541 228 16 , , , 44541 228 17 of of IN 44541 228 18 the the DT 44541 228 19 Primates Primates NNPS 44541 228 20 , , , 44541 228 21 Ungulata Ungulata NNP 44541 228 22 , , , 44541 228 23 Rodentia Rodentia NNP 44541 228 24 , , , 44541 228 25 and and CC 44541 228 26 Carnassia Carnassia NNP 44541 228 27 . . . 44541 229 1 They -PRON- PRP 44541 229 2 seem seem VBP 44541 229 3 to to TO 44541 229 4 be be VB 44541 229 5 so so RB 44541 229 6 closely closely RB 44541 229 7 related related JJ 44541 229 8 by by IN 44541 229 9 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 229 10 primitive primitive JJ 44541 229 11 organization organization NN 44541 229 12 that that IN 44541 229 13 they -PRON- PRP 44541 229 14 may may MD 44541 229 15 be be VB 44541 229 16 united united JJ 44541 229 17 in in IN 44541 229 18 one one CD 44541 229 19 common common JJ 44541 229 20 super super NN 44541 229 21 - - NN 44541 229 22 order order NN 44541 229 23 , , , 44541 229 24 Prochoriata Prochoriata NNP 44541 229 25 . . . 44541 230 1 With with IN 44541 230 2 a a DT 44541 230 3 considerable considerable JJ 44541 230 4 degree degree NN 44541 230 5 of of IN 44541 230 6 probability probability NN 44541 230 7 , , , 44541 230 8 we -PRON- PRP 44541 230 9 are be VBP 44541 230 10 led lead VBN 44541 230 11 to to TO 44541 230 12 formulate formulate VB 44541 230 13 the the DT 44541 230 14 further further JJ 44541 230 15 hypothesis hypothesis NN 44541 230 16 that that IN 44541 230 17 all all PDT 44541 230 18 the the DT 44541 230 19 orders order NNS 44541 230 20 of of IN 44541 230 21 Placentalia Placentalia NNP 44541 230 22 -- -- : 44541 230 23 from from IN 44541 230 24 the the DT 44541 230 25 lowest low JJS 44541 230 26 Prochoriata Prochoriata NNP 44541 230 27 upwards upwards RB 44541 230 28 to to IN 44541 230 29 man man NN 44541 230 30 -- -- : 44541 230 31 have have VBP 44541 230 32 descended descend VBN 44541 230 33 from from IN 44541 230 34 some some DT 44541 230 35 unknown unknown JJ 44541 230 36 common common JJ 44541 230 37 ancestor ancestor NN 44541 230 38 living live VBG 44541 230 39 in in IN 44541 230 40 the the DT 44541 230 41 Cretaceous cretaceous JJ 44541 230 42 period period NN 44541 230 43 , , , 44541 230 44 and and CC 44541 230 45 that that IN 44541 230 46 this this DT 44541 230 47 oldest old JJS 44541 230 48 placental placental JJ 44541 230 49 form form NN 44541 230 50 originated originate VBD 44541 230 51 from from IN 44541 230 52 some some DT 44541 230 53 Jurassic Jurassic NNP 44541 230 54 group group NN 44541 230 55 of of IN 44541 230 56 marsupials marsupial NNS 44541 230 57 . . . 44541 231 1 Among among IN 44541 231 2 these these DT 44541 231 3 numerous numerous JJ 44541 231 4 fossil fossil NN 44541 231 5 Lemures lemure NNS 44541 231 6 which which WDT 44541 231 7 have have VBP 44541 231 8 been be VBN 44541 231 9 discovered discover VBN 44541 231 10 within within IN 44541 231 11 the the DT 44541 231 12 last last JJ 44541 231 13 twenty twenty CD 44541 231 14 years year NNS 44541 231 15 , , , 44541 231 16 there there EX 44541 231 17 exist exist VBP 44541 231 18 , , , 44541 231 19 indeed indeed RB 44541 231 20 , , , 44541 231 21 all all PDT 44541 231 22 the the DT 44541 231 23 connecting connect VBG 44541 231 24 forms form NNS 44541 231 25 of of IN 44541 231 26 the the DT 44541 231 27 older old JJR 44541 231 28 series series NN 44541 231 29 of of IN 44541 231 30 Primates Primates NNPS 44541 231 31 , , , 44541 231 32 all all PDT 44541 231 33 the the DT 44541 231 34 ' ' `` 44541 231 35 missing miss VBG 44541 231 36 links link NNS 44541 231 37 ' ' '' 44541 231 38 sought seek VBN 44541 231 39 for for IN 44541 231 40 by by IN 44541 231 41 comparative comparative JJ 44541 231 42 odontology odontology NN 44541 231 43 . . . 44541 232 1 The the DT 44541 232 2 oldest old JJS 44541 232 3 Lemures lemure NNS 44541 232 4 of of IN 44541 232 5 the the DT 44541 232 6 tertiary tertiary JJ 44541 232 7 age age NN 44541 232 8 are be VBP 44541 232 9 the the DT 44541 232 10 Eocene Eocene NNP 44541 232 11 Pachylemures Pachylemures NNPS 44541 232 12 , , , 44541 232 13 or or CC 44541 232 14 Hyopsodina Hyopsodina NNP 44541 232 15 . . . 44541 233 1 They -PRON- PRP 44541 233 2 possess possess VBP 44541 233 3 the the DT 44541 233 4 complete complete JJ 44541 233 5 dentition dentition NN 44541 233 6 of of IN 44541 233 7 the the DT 44541 233 8 Prochoriata Prochoriata NNP 44541 233 9 -- -- : 44541 233 10 namely namely RB 44541 233 11 , , , 44541 233 12 forty forty CD 44541 233 13 - - HYPH 44541 233 14 four four CD 44541 233 15 teeth tooth NNS 44541 233 16 ( ( -LRB- 44541 233 17 3.1.4.3/3.1.4.3 3.1.4.3/3.1.4.3 CD 44541 233 18 ) ) -RRB- 44541 233 19 . . . 44541 234 1 Then then RB 44541 234 2 follow follow VB 44541 234 3 the the DT 44541 234 4 Eocene Eocene NNP 44541 234 5 Palæolemures Palæolemures NNPS 44541 234 6 , , , 44541 234 7 or or CC 44541 234 8 Adapida Adapida NNP 44541 234 9 , , , 44541 234 10 with with IN 44541 234 11 forty forty NN 44541 234 12 teeth tooth NNS 44541 234 13 , , , 44541 234 14 they -PRON- PRP 44541 234 15 having have VBG 44541 234 16 lost lose VBN 44541 234 17 one one CD 44541 234 18 pair pair NN 44541 234 19 of of IN 44541 234 20 incisors incisor NNS 44541 234 21 in in IN 44541 234 22 each each DT 44541 234 23 jaw jaw NN 44541 234 24 . . . 44541 235 1 To to IN 44541 235 2 these these DT 44541 235 3 are be VBP 44541 235 4 attached attach VBN 44541 235 5 the the DT 44541 235 6 younger young JJR 44541 235 7 Autolemures Autolemures NNPS 44541 235 8 , , , 44541 235 9 or or CC 44541 235 10 Stenopida Stenopida NNP 44541 235 11 , , , 44541 235 12 with with IN 44541 235 13 thirty thirty CD 44541 235 14 - - HYPH 44541 235 15 six six CD 44541 235 16 teeth tooth NNS 44541 235 17 , , , 44541 235 18 they -PRON- PRP 44541 235 19 thus thus RB 44541 235 20 possessing possess VBG 44541 235 21 already already RB 44541 235 22 the the DT 44541 235 23 same same JJ 44541 235 24 dentition dentition NN 44541 235 25 as as IN 44541 235 26 the the DT 44541 235 27 Platyrrhinæ Platyrrhinæ NNPS 44541 235 28 . . . 44541 236 1 The the DT 44541 236 2 characteristic characteristic JJ 44541 236 3 dentition dentition NN 44541 236 4 of of IN 44541 236 5 the the DT 44541 236 6 Catarrhinæ Catarrhinæ NNP 44541 236 7 is be VBZ 44541 236 8 derived derive VBN 44541 236 9 from from IN 44541 236 10 this this DT 44541 236 11 formula formula NN 44541 236 12 by by IN 44541 236 13 the the DT 44541 236 14 loss loss NN 44541 236 15 of of IN 44541 236 16 another another DT 44541 236 17 premolar premolar NN 44541 236 18 . . . 44541 237 1 These these DT 44541 237 2 relations relation NNS 44541 237 3 are be VBP 44541 237 4 so so RB 44541 237 5 clear clear JJ 44541 237 6 and and CC 44541 237 7 so so RB 44541 237 8 closely closely RB 44541 237 9 connected connected JJ 44541 237 10 with with IN 44541 237 11 a a DT 44541 237 12 gradual gradual JJ 44541 237 13 transformation transformation NN 44541 237 14 of of IN 44541 237 15 the the DT 44541 237 16 whole whole JJ 44541 237 17 skull skull NN 44541 237 18 , , , 44541 237 19 and and CC 44541 237 20 with with IN 44541 237 21 the the DT 44541 237 22 progressive progressive JJ 44541 237 23 differentiation differentiation NN 44541 237 24 of of IN 44541 237 25 the the DT 44541 237 26 Primate primate NN 44541 237 27 - - HYPH 44541 237 28 form form NN 44541 237 29 , , , 44541 237 30 that that IN 44541 237 31 we -PRON- PRP 44541 237 32 are be VBP 44541 237 33 justified justify VBN 44541 237 34 in in IN 44541 237 35 saying say VBG 44541 237 36 that that IN 44541 237 37 the the DT 44541 237 38 pedigree pedigree NN 44541 237 39 of of IN 44541 237 40 the the DT 44541 237 41 Primates Primates NNPS 44541 237 42 , , , 44541 237 43 from from IN 44541 237 44 the the DT 44541 237 45 oldest old JJS 44541 237 46 Eocene Eocene NNP 44541 237 47 Lemures Lemures NNPS 44541 237 48 upwards upwards RB 44541 237 49 to to IN 44541 237 50 man man NN 44541 237 51 , , , 44541 237 52 is be VBZ 44541 237 53 now now RB 44541 237 54 so so RB 44541 237 55 well well RB 44541 237 56 known know VBN 44541 237 57 , , , 44541 237 58 its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 237 59 principal principal JJ 44541 237 60 features feature NNS 44541 237 61 so so RB 44541 237 62 firmly firmly RB 44541 237 63 fixed fix VBN 44541 237 64 within within IN 44541 237 65 the the DT 44541 237 66 Tertiary Tertiary NNP 44541 237 67 age age NN 44541 237 68 , , , 44541 237 69 that that IN 44541 237 70 there there EX 44541 237 71 is be VBZ 44541 237 72 no no DT 44541 237 73 missing missing JJ 44541 237 74 link link NN 44541 237 75 whatever whatever WDT 44541 237 76 . . . 44541 238 1 Quite quite RB 44541 238 2 different different JJ 44541 238 3 , , , 44541 238 4 and and CC 44541 238 5 much much RB 44541 238 6 more more RBR 44541 238 7 incomplete incomplete JJ 44541 238 8 , , , 44541 238 9 is be VBZ 44541 238 10 the the DT 44541 238 11 palæontological palæontological JJ 44541 238 12 evidence evidence NN 44541 238 13 , , , 44541 238 14 if if IN 44541 238 15 we -PRON- PRP 44541 238 16 go go VBP 44541 238 17 further further RB 44541 238 18 back back RB 44541 238 19 into into IN 44541 238 20 the the DT 44541 238 21 Secondary Secondary NNP 44541 238 22 or or CC 44541 238 23 Mesozoic Mesozoic NNP 44541 238 24 age age NN 44541 238 25 , , , 44541 238 26 and and CC 44541 238 27 look look VB 44541 238 28 there there RB 44541 238 29 for for IN 44541 238 30 the the DT 44541 238 31 older old JJR 44541 238 32 ancestors ancestor NNS 44541 238 33 of of IN 44541 238 34 the the DT 44541 238 35 mammalian mammalian JJ 44541 238 36 series series NNP 44541 238 37 . . . 44541 239 1 There there RB 44541 239 2 we -PRON- PRP 44541 239 3 meet meet VBP 44541 239 4 everywhere everywhere RB 44541 239 5 with with IN 44541 239 6 wide wide JJ 44541 239 7 gaps gap NNS 44541 239 8 , , , 44541 239 9 and and CC 44541 239 10 the the DT 44541 239 11 scarce scarce JJ 44541 239 12 fragments fragment NNS 44541 239 13 of of IN 44541 239 14 fossil fossil JJ 44541 239 15 Mesozoic mesozoic JJ 44541 239 16 mammals mammal NNS 44541 239 17 ( ( -LRB- 44541 239 18 excessively excessively RB 44541 239 19 rare rare JJ 44541 239 20 in in IN 44541 239 21 the the DT 44541 239 22 Cretaceous cretaceous JJ 44541 239 23 formation formation NN 44541 239 24 ) ) -RRB- 44541 239 25 are be VBP 44541 239 26 too too RB 44541 239 27 poor poor JJ 44541 239 28 to to TO 44541 239 29 permit permit VB 44541 239 30 definite definite JJ 44541 239 31 conclusions conclusion NNS 44541 239 32 as as IN 44541 239 33 to to IN 44541 239 34 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 239 35 systematic systematic JJ 44541 239 36 position position NN 44541 239 37 . . . 44541 240 1 Indeed indeed RB 44541 240 2 , , , 44541 240 3 comparative comparative JJ 44541 240 4 anatomy anatomy NN 44541 240 5 and and CC 44541 240 6 ontogeny ontogeny NN 44541 240 7 lead lead VBP 44541 240 8 us -PRON- PRP 44541 240 9 to to IN 44541 240 10 the the DT 44541 240 11 hypothesis hypothesis NN 44541 240 12 that that IN 44541 240 13 the the DT 44541 240 14 oldest old JJS 44541 240 15 Cretaceous cretaceous JJ 44541 240 16 Mammalia Mammalia NNP 44541 240 17 -- -- : 44541 240 18 the the DT 44541 240 19 Prochoriata Prochoriata NNP 44541 240 20 -- -- : 44541 240 21 are be VBP 44541 240 22 descended descend VBN 44541 240 23 from from IN 44541 240 24 Jurassic Jurassic NNP 44541 240 25 marsupials marsupial NNS 44541 240 26 , , , 44541 240 27 and and CC 44541 240 28 these these DT 44541 240 29 again again RB 44541 240 30 from from IN 44541 240 31 Monotremes Monotremes NNP 44541 240 32 . . . 44541 241 1 We -PRON- PRP 44541 241 2 may may MD 44541 241 3 also also RB 44541 241 4 suppose suppose VB 44541 241 5 with with IN 44541 241 6 high high JJ 44541 241 7 probability probability NN 44541 241 8 that that IN 44541 241 9 among among IN 44541 241 10 the the DT 44541 241 11 unknown unknown JJ 44541 241 12 Cretaceous Cretaceous NNP 44541 241 13 Prochoriata Prochoriata NNP 44541 241 14 there there EX 44541 241 15 have have VBP 44541 241 16 been be VBN 44541 241 17 Lemuravida Lemuravida NNP 44541 241 18 and and CC 44541 241 19 forms form NNS 44541 241 20 intermediate intermediate JJ 44541 241 21 between between IN 44541 241 22 these these DT 44541 241 23 and and CC 44541 241 24 the the DT 44541 241 25 Jurassic Jurassic NNP 44541 241 26 Amphitheriidæ Amphitheriidæ NNP 44541 241 27 , , , 44541 241 28 and and CC 44541 241 29 that that IN 44541 241 30 these these DT 44541 241 31 marsupials marsupial NNS 44541 241 32 in in IN 44541 241 33 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 241 34 turn turn NN 44541 241 35 are be VBP 44541 241 36 descendants descendant NNS 44541 241 37 of of IN 44541 241 38 Pantotheria Pantotheria NNP 44541 241 39 or or CC 44541 241 40 similar similar JJ 44541 241 41 monotreme monotreme NN 44541 241 42 - - HYPH 44541 241 43 like like JJ 44541 241 44 creatures creature NNS 44541 241 45 of of IN 44541 241 46 the the DT 44541 241 47 Triassic Triassic NNP 44541 241 48 age age NN 44541 241 49 . . . 44541 242 1 Any any DT 44541 242 2 certain certain JJ 44541 242 3 evidence evidence NN 44541 242 4 for for IN 44541 242 5 these these DT 44541 242 6 hypotheses hypothesis NNS 44541 242 7 is be VBZ 44541 242 8 at at IN 44541 242 9 present present NN 44541 242 10 still still RB 44541 242 11 wanting want VBG 44541 242 12 . . . 44541 243 1 One one CD 44541 243 2 important important JJ 44541 243 3 fact fact NN 44541 243 4 , , , 44541 243 5 however however RB 44541 243 6 , , , 44541 243 7 is be VBZ 44541 243 8 established establish VBN 44541 243 9 -- -- : 44541 243 10 namely namely RB 44541 243 11 , , , 44541 243 12 that that IN 44541 243 13 these these DT 44541 243 14 interesting interesting JJ 44541 243 15 and and CC 44541 243 16 oldest old JJS 44541 243 17 Mammalia Mammalia NNP 44541 243 18 -- -- : 44541 243 19 the the DT 44541 243 20 Pantotheria Pantotheria NNP 44541 243 21 of of IN 44541 243 22 Marsh Marsh NNP 44541 243 23 , , , 44541 243 24 the the DT 44541 243 25 Triassic Triassic NNP 44541 243 26 Dromatheriidæ Dromatheriidæ NNP 44541 243 27 , , , 44541 243 28 and and CC 44541 243 29 the the DT 44541 243 30 Jurassic Jurassic NNP 44541 243 31 Triconodontidæ Triconodontidæ NNP 44541 243 32 of of IN 44541 243 33 Osborn Osborn NNP 44541 243 34 -- -- : 44541 243 35 were be VBD 44541 243 36 small small JJ 44541 243 37 insectivorous insectivorous JJ 44541 243 38 mammals mammal NNS 44541 243 39 with with IN 44541 243 40 a a DT 44541 243 41 very very RB 44541 243 42 primitive primitive JJ 44541 243 43 organization organization NN 44541 243 44 . . . 44541 244 1 Probably probably RB 44541 244 2 they -PRON- PRP 44541 244 3 were be VBD 44541 244 4 Monotremes Monotremes NNP 44541 244 5 , , , 44541 244 6 and and CC 44541 244 7 may may MD 44541 244 8 be be VB 44541 244 9 derived derive VBN 44541 244 10 directly directly RB 44541 244 11 from from IN 44541 244 12 Permian permian JJ 44541 244 13 Sauromammalia Sauromammalia NNP 44541 244 14 , , , 44541 244 15 an an DT 44541 244 16 ill ill RB 44541 244 17 - - HYPH 44541 244 18 defined define VBN 44541 244 19 mixture mixture NN 44541 244 20 of of IN 44541 244 21 Mammalia Mammalia NNP 44541 244 22 and and CC 44541 244 23 Reptilia Reptilia NNP 44541 244 24 . . . 44541 245 1 This this DT 44541 245 2 generalized generalize VBD 44541 245 3 characteristic characteristic JJ 44541 245 4 supports support VBZ 44541 245 5 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 245 6 view view NN 44541 245 7 that that IN 44541 245 8 _ _ NNP 44541 245 9 the the DT 44541 245 10 whole whole JJ 44541 245 11 class class NN 44541 245 12 of of IN 44541 245 13 Mammalia Mammalia NNP 44541 245 14 is be VBZ 44541 245 15 monophyletic monophyletic JJ 44541 245 16 _ _ NNP 44541 245 17 , , , 44541 245 18 and and CC 44541 245 19 that that IN 44541 245 20 all all PDT 44541 245 21 its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 245 22 members member NNS 44541 245 23 , , , 44541 245 24 from from IN 44541 245 25 the the DT 44541 245 26 oldest old JJS 44541 245 27 Monotremes Monotremes NNP 44541 245 28 upwards upwards RB 44541 245 29 to to IN 44541 245 30 man man NN 44541 245 31 , , , 44541 245 32 have have VBP 44541 245 33 descended descend VBN 44541 245 34 from from IN 44541 245 35 one one CD 44541 245 36 common common JJ 44541 245 37 ancestor ancestor NN 44541 245 38 living live VBG 44541 245 39 in in IN 44541 245 40 the the DT 44541 245 41 older old JJR 44541 245 42 Triassic Triassic NNP 44541 245 43 , , , 44541 245 44 or or CC 44541 245 45 perhaps perhaps RB 44541 245 46 in in IN 44541 245 47 the the DT 44541 245 48 Permian permian JJ 44541 245 49 , , , 44541 245 50 age age NN 44541 245 51 . . . 44541 246 1 To to TO 44541 246 2 acquire acquire VB 44541 246 3 full full JJ 44541 246 4 conviction conviction NN 44541 246 5 of of IN 44541 246 6 this this DT 44541 246 7 important important JJ 44541 246 8 conception conception NN 44541 246 9 , , , 44541 246 10 we -PRON- PRP 44541 246 11 have have VBP 44541 246 12 only only RB 44541 246 13 to to TO 44541 246 14 think think VB 44541 246 15 of of IN 44541 246 16 the the DT 44541 246 17 hair hair NN 44541 246 18 and and CC 44541 246 19 the the DT 44541 246 20 glands gland NNS 44541 246 21 of of IN 44541 246 22 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 246 23 human human JJ 44541 246 24 skin skin NN 44541 246 25 , , , 44541 246 26 of of IN 44541 246 27 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 246 28 diaphragm diaphragm NN 44541 246 29 , , , 44541 246 30 the the DT 44541 246 31 heart heart NN 44541 246 32 and and CC 44541 246 33 the the DT 44541 246 34 blood blood NN 44541 246 35 corpuscles corpuscle NNS 44541 246 36 without without IN 44541 246 37 a a DT 44541 246 38 nucleus nucleus NN 44541 246 39 , , , 44541 246 40 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 246 41 skull skull NN 44541 246 42 with with IN 44541 246 43 its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 246 44 squamoso squamoso JJ 44541 246 45 - - HYPH 44541 246 46 mandibular mandibular JJ 44541 246 47 articulation articulation NN 44541 246 48 . . . 44541 247 1 All all PDT 44541 247 2 these these DT 44541 247 3 singular singular JJ 44541 247 4 and and CC 44541 247 5 striking striking JJ 44541 247 6 modifications modification NNS 44541 247 7 of of IN 44541 247 8 the the DT 44541 247 9 vertebrate vertebrate NN 44541 247 10 organization organization NN 44541 247 11 are be VBP 44541 247 12 common common JJ 44541 247 13 to to IN 44541 247 14 mammals mammal NNS 44541 247 15 , , , 44541 247 16 and and CC 44541 247 17 distinguish distinguish VB 44541 247 18 them -PRON- PRP 44541 247 19 clearly clearly RB 44541 247 20 from from IN 44541 247 21 the the DT 44541 247 22 other other JJ 44541 247 23 Craniota Craniota NNP 44541 247 24 . . . 44541 248 1 This this DT 44541 248 2 characteristic characteristic JJ 44541 248 3 combination combination NN 44541 248 4 and and CC 44541 248 5 correlation correlation NN 44541 248 6 proves prove VBZ 44541 248 7 that that IN 44541 248 8 they -PRON- PRP 44541 248 9 have have VBP 44541 248 10 been be VBN 44541 248 11 developed develop VBN 44541 248 12 only only RB 44541 248 13 _ _ NNP 44541 248 14 once once RB 44541 248 15 _ _ NNP 44541 248 16 in in IN 44541 248 17 the the DT 44541 248 18 history history NN 44541 248 19 of of IN 44541 248 20 the the DT 44541 248 21 vertebrate vertebrate NN 44541 248 22 stem stem NN 44541 248 23 , , , 44541 248 24 and and CC 44541 248 25 that that IN 44541 248 26 they -PRON- PRP 44541 248 27 have have VBP 44541 248 28 been be VBN 44541 248 29 transferred transfer VBN 44541 248 30 by by IN 44541 248 31 heredity heredity NN 44541 248 32 from from IN 44541 248 33 one one CD 44541 248 34 common common JJ 44541 248 35 ancestor ancestor NN 44541 248 36 to to IN 44541 248 37 all all PDT 44541 248 38 the the DT 44541 248 39 members member NNS 44541 248 40 of of IN 44541 248 41 the the DT 44541 248 42 class class NN 44541 248 43 of of IN 44541 248 44 Mammalia Mammalia NNP 44541 248 45 . . . 44541 249 1 The the DT 44541 249 2 next next JJ 44541 249 3 step step NN 44541 249 4 , , , 44541 249 5 as as IN 44541 249 6 we -PRON- PRP 44541 249 7 trace trace VBP 44541 249 8 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 249 9 human human JJ 44541 249 10 phylogeny phylogeny NN 44541 249 11 to to IN 44541 249 12 its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 249 13 origin origin NN 44541 249 14 , , , 44541 249 15 leads lead VBZ 44541 249 16 us -PRON- PRP 44541 249 17 further further RB 44541 249 18 back back RB 44541 249 19 into into IN 44541 249 20 the the DT 44541 249 21 lower low JJR 44541 249 22 Vertebrata Vertebrata NNP 44541 249 23 , , , 44541 249 24 into into IN 44541 249 25 that that DT 44541 249 26 obscure obscure JJ 44541 249 27 Palæozoic Palæozoic NNP 44541 249 28 age age NN 44541 249 29 the the DT 44541 249 30 immeasurable immeasurable JJ 44541 249 31 length length NN 44541 249 32 of of IN 44541 249 33 which which WDT 44541 249 34 ( ( -LRB- 44541 249 35 much much RB 44541 249 36 greater great JJR 44541 249 37 than than IN 44541 249 38 that that DT 44541 249 39 of of IN 44541 249 40 the the DT 44541 249 41 Mesozoic Mesozoic NNP 44541 249 42 ) ) -RRB- 44541 249 43 may may MD 44541 249 44 , , , 44541 249 45 according accord VBG 44541 249 46 to to IN 44541 249 47 one one CD 44541 249 48 of of IN 44541 249 49 the the DT 44541 249 50 newest new JJS 44541 249 51 geological geological JJ 44541 249 52 calculations calculation NNS 44541 249 53 , , , 44541 249 54 have have VBP 44541 249 55 comprised comprise VBN 44541 249 56 about about RB 44541 249 57 one one CD 44541 249 58 thousand thousand CD 44541 249 59 millions million NNS 44541 249 60 of of IN 44541 249 61 years year NNS 44541 249 62 . . . 44541 250 1 [ [ -LRB- 44541 250 2 15 15 CD 44541 250 3 ] ] -RRB- 44541 250 4 [ [ -LRB- 44541 250 5 15 15 CD 44541 250 6 ] ] -RRB- 44541 250 7 See see VB 44541 250 8 note note NN 44541 250 9 , , , 44541 250 10 ' ' `` 44541 250 11 Geological Geological NNP 44541 250 12 Time Time NNP 44541 250 13 and and CC 44541 250 14 Evolution Evolution NNP 44541 250 15 ' ' '' 44541 250 16 p. p. NN 44541 250 17 134 134 CD 44541 250 18 . . . 44541 251 1 The the DT 44541 251 2 first first JJ 44541 251 3 important important JJ 44541 251 4 fact fact NN 44541 251 5 we -PRON- PRP 44541 251 6 have have VBP 44541 251 7 to to TO 44541 251 8 face face VB 44541 251 9 here here RB 44541 251 10 is be VBZ 44541 251 11 the the DT 44541 251 12 complete complete JJ 44541 251 13 absence absence NN 44541 251 14 of of IN 44541 251 15 mammalian mammalian JJ 44541 251 16 remains remain VBZ 44541 251 17 . . . 44541 252 1 Instead instead RB 44541 252 2 of of IN 44541 252 3 these these DT 44541 252 4 we -PRON- PRP 44541 252 5 find find VBP 44541 252 6 in in IN 44541 252 7 the the DT 44541 252 8 later later JJ 44541 252 9 Palæozoic palæozoic JJ 44541 252 10 period period NN 44541 252 11 , , , 44541 252 12 the the DT 44541 252 13 Permian permian JJ 44541 252 14 , , , 44541 252 15 air air NN 44541 252 16 - - HYPH 44541 252 17 breathing breathing NN 44541 252 18 _ _ NNP 44541 252 19 reptiles reptile VBZ 44541 252 20 _ _ NNP 44541 252 21 as as IN 44541 252 22 the the DT 44541 252 23 earliest early JJS 44541 252 24 representatives representative NNS 44541 252 25 of of IN 44541 252 26 Amniota Amniota NNP 44541 252 27 . . . 44541 253 1 They -PRON- PRP 44541 253 2 belong belong VBP 44541 253 3 to to IN 44541 253 4 the the DT 44541 253 5 most most RBS 44541 253 6 primitive primitive JJ 44541 253 7 order order NN 44541 253 8 of of IN 44541 253 9 that that DT 44541 253 10 class class NN 44541 253 11 , , , 44541 253 12 the the DT 44541 253 13 Tocosauria Tocosauria NNP 44541 253 14 ; ; : 44541 253 15 and and CC 44541 253 16 besides besides IN 44541 253 17 them -PRON- PRP 44541 253 18 there there EX 44541 253 19 were be VBD 44541 253 20 the the DT 44541 253 21 Theromorpha Theromorpha NNP 44541 253 22 , , , 44541 253 23 which which WDT 44541 253 24 approach approach VBP 44541 253 25 the the DT 44541 253 26 Mammalia Mammalia NNP 44541 253 27 in in IN 44541 253 28 a a DT 44541 253 29 remarkable remarkable JJ 44541 253 30 manner manner NN 44541 253 31 . . . 44541 254 1 These these DT 44541 254 2 reptiles reptile NNS 44541 254 3 in in IN 44541 254 4 turn turn NN 44541 254 5 were be VBD 44541 254 6 preceded precede VBN 44541 254 7 , , , 44541 254 8 in in IN 44541 254 9 the the DT 44541 254 10 Carboniferous carboniferous JJ 44541 254 11 period period NN 44541 254 12 , , , 44541 254 13 by by IN 44541 254 14 true true JJ 44541 254 15 Amphibia Amphibia NNP 44541 254 16 , , , 44541 254 17 most most JJS 44541 254 18 of of IN 44541 254 19 them -PRON- PRP 44541 254 20 belonging belong VBG 44541 254 21 to to IN 44541 254 22 the the DT 44541 254 23 armour armour NN 44541 254 24 - - HYPH 44541 254 25 clad clothe VBN 44541 254 26 Stegocephali Stegocephali NNP 44541 254 27 . . . 44541 255 1 These these DT 44541 255 2 interesting interesting JJ 44541 255 3 Progonamphibia Progonamphibia NNP 44541 255 4 were be VBD 44541 255 5 the the DT 44541 255 6 oldest old JJS 44541 255 7 Tetrapoda Tetrapoda NNP 44541 255 8 , , , 44541 255 9 the the DT 44541 255 10 first first JJ 44541 255 11 vertebrates vertebrate NNS 44541 255 12 which which WDT 44541 255 13 had have VBD 44541 255 14 adapted adapt VBN 44541 255 15 themselves -PRON- PRP 44541 255 16 to to IN 44541 255 17 the the DT 44541 255 18 terrestrial terrestrial JJ 44541 255 19 mode mode NN 44541 255 20 of of IN 44541 255 21 life life NN 44541 255 22 ; ; : 44541 255 23 in in IN 44541 255 24 them -PRON- PRP 44541 255 25 the the DT 44541 255 26 swimming swimming NN 44541 255 27 fin fin NN 44541 255 28 of of IN 44541 255 29 fishes fish NNS 44541 255 30 and and CC 44541 255 31 Dipneusta Dipneusta NNP 44541 255 32 was be VBD 44541 255 33 transformed transform VBN 44541 255 34 into into IN 44541 255 35 the the DT 44541 255 36 pentadactyle pentadactyle NN 44541 255 37 extremities extremitie VBZ 44541 255 38 characteristic characteristic JJ 44541 255 39 of of IN 44541 255 40 quadrupeds quadruped NNS 44541 255 41 . . . 44541 256 1 To to TO 44541 256 2 appreciate appreciate VB 44541 256 3 the the DT 44541 256 4 high high JJ 44541 256 5 importance importance NN 44541 256 6 of of IN 44541 256 7 this this DT 44541 256 8 metamorphosis metamorphosis NN 44541 256 9 , , , 44541 256 10 we -PRON- PRP 44541 256 11 need need VBP 44541 256 12 only only RB 44541 256 13 compare compare VB 44541 256 14 the the DT 44541 256 15 skeleton skeleton NN 44541 256 16 of of IN 44541 256 17 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 256 18 own own JJ 44541 256 19 human human JJ 44541 256 20 limbs limb NNS 44541 256 21 with with IN 44541 256 22 that that DT 44541 256 23 of of IN 44541 256 24 the the DT 44541 256 25 living live VBG 44541 256 26 Amphibia Amphibia NNP 44541 256 27 . . . 44541 257 1 We -PRON- PRP 44541 257 2 find find VBP 44541 257 3 in in IN 44541 257 4 the the DT 44541 257 5 latter latter JJ 44541 257 6 the the DT 44541 257 7 same same JJ 44541 257 8 characteristic characteristic JJ 44541 257 9 composition composition NN 44541 257 10 as as IN 44541 257 11 in in IN 44541 257 12 man man NN 44541 257 13 : : : 44541 257 14 the the DT 44541 257 15 same same JJ 44541 257 16 shoulder shoulder NN 44541 257 17 and and CC 44541 257 18 pelvic pelvic NNP 44541 257 19 girdle girdle NN 44541 257 20 ; ; : 44541 257 21 the the DT 44541 257 22 same same JJ 44541 257 23 single single JJ 44541 257 24 bone bone NN 44541 257 25 , , , 44541 257 26 the the DT 44541 257 27 humerus humerus NNP 44541 257 28 or or CC 44541 257 29 the the DT 44541 257 30 femur femur NN 44541 257 31 , , , 44541 257 32 followed follow VBN 44541 257 33 by by IN 44541 257 34 the the DT 44541 257 35 same same JJ 44541 257 36 pair pair NN 44541 257 37 of of IN 44541 257 38 bones bone NNS 44541 257 39 in in IN 44541 257 40 the the DT 44541 257 41 forearm forearm NN 44541 257 42 and and CC 44541 257 43 leg leg NN 44541 257 44 ; ; : 44541 257 45 then then RB 44541 257 46 the the DT 44541 257 47 same same JJ 44541 257 48 skeletal skeletal JJ 44541 257 49 elements element NNS 44541 257 50 composing compose VBG 44541 257 51 the the DT 44541 257 52 wrist wrist NN 44541 257 53 and and CC 44541 257 54 the the DT 44541 257 55 ankle ankle NN 44541 257 56 regions region NNS 44541 257 57 ; ; : 44541 257 58 and and CC 44541 257 59 , , , 44541 257 60 lastly lastly RB 44541 257 61 , , , 44541 257 62 the the DT 44541 257 63 same same JJ 44541 257 64 five five CD 44541 257 65 fingers finger NNS 44541 257 66 and and CC 44541 257 67 toes toe NNS 44541 257 68 . . . 44541 258 1 The the DT 44541 258 2 arrangement arrangement NN 44541 258 3 of of IN 44541 258 4 these these DT 44541 258 5 bones bone NNS 44541 258 6 , , , 44541 258 7 peculiar peculiar JJ 44541 258 8 and and CC 44541 258 9 often often RB 44541 258 10 complicated complicate VBD 44541 258 11 , , , 44541 258 12 but but CC 44541 258 13 everywhere everywhere RB 44541 258 14 essentially essentially RB 44541 258 15 the the DT 44541 258 16 same same JJ 44541 258 17 in in IN 44541 258 18 all all PDT 44541 258 19 the the DT 44541 258 20 Tetrapoda Tetrapoda NNP 44541 258 21 , , , 44541 258 22 is be VBZ 44541 258 23 a a DT 44541 258 24 striking striking JJ 44541 258 25 evidence evidence NN 44541 258 26 that that DT 44541 258 27 man man NN 44541 258 28 is be VBZ 44541 258 29 a a DT 44541 258 30 descendant descendant NN 44541 258 31 from from IN 44541 258 32 the the DT 44541 258 33 oldest old JJS 44541 258 34 pentadactyle pentadactyle NN 44541 258 35 Amphibia Amphibia NNP 44541 258 36 of of IN 44541 258 37 the the DT 44541 258 38 Carboniferous carboniferous JJ 44541 258 39 period period NN 44541 258 40 . . . 44541 259 1 In in IN 44541 259 2 man man NN 44541 259 3 the the DT 44541 259 4 pentadactyle pentadactyle NN 44541 259 5 type type NN 44541 259 6 has have VBZ 44541 259 7 been be VBN 44541 259 8 better well RBR 44541 259 9 preserved preserve VBN 44541 259 10 by by IN 44541 259 11 constant constant JJ 44541 259 12 heredity heredity NN 44541 259 13 than than IN 44541 259 14 in in IN 44541 259 15 many many JJ 44541 259 16 other other JJ 44541 259 17 Mammalia Mammalia NNP 44541 259 18 , , , 44541 259 19 notably notably RB 44541 259 20 the the DT 44541 259 21 Ungulata Ungulata NNP 44541 259 22 . . . 44541 260 1 The the DT 44541 260 2 oldest old JJS 44541 260 3 Carboniferous Carboniferous NNP 44541 260 4 Amphibia Amphibia NNP 44541 260 5 , , , 44541 260 6 the the DT 44541 260 7 armour armour NN 44541 260 8 - - HYPH 44541 260 9 clad clothe VBN 44541 260 10 Stegocephali Stegocephali NNP 44541 260 11 , , , 44541 260 12 and and CC 44541 260 13 especially especially RB 44541 260 14 the the DT 44541 260 15 remarkable remarkable JJ 44541 260 16 Branchiosauri Branchiosauri NNP 44541 260 17 discovered discover VBN 44541 260 18 by by IN 44541 260 19 Credner Credner NNP 44541 260 20 , , , 44541 260 21 are be VBP 44541 260 22 now now RB 44541 260 23 regarded regard VBN 44541 260 24 by by IN 44541 260 25 all all DT 44541 260 26 competent competent JJ 44541 260 27 zoologists zoologist NNS 44541 260 28 as as IN 44541 260 29 the the DT 44541 260 30 indubitable indubitable JJ 44541 260 31 common common JJ 44541 260 32 ancestral ancestral JJ 44541 260 33 group group NN 44541 260 34 of of IN 44541 260 35 all all DT 44541 260 36 Tetrapoda Tetrapoda NNP 44541 260 37 , , , 44541 260 38 comprising comprise VBG 44541 260 39 both both CC 44541 260 40 Amphibia Amphibia NNP 44541 260 41 and and CC 44541 260 42 Amniota Amniota NNP 44541 260 43 . . . 44541 261 1 But but CC 44541 261 2 whence whence NN 44541 261 3 this this DT 44541 261 4 most most RBS 44541 261 5 remote remote JJ 44541 261 6 group group NN 44541 261 7 of of IN 44541 261 8 Tetrapoda Tetrapoda NNP 44541 261 9 ? ? . 44541 262 1 That that DT 44541 262 2 difficult difficult JJ 44541 262 3 question question NN 44541 262 4 is be VBZ 44541 262 5 answered answer VBN 44541 262 6 by by IN 44541 262 7 the the DT 44541 262 8 marvellous marvellous JJ 44541 262 9 progress progress NN 44541 262 10 of of IN 44541 262 11 modern modern JJ 44541 262 12 palæontology palæontology NN 44541 262 13 , , , 44541 262 14 and and CC 44541 262 15 the the DT 44541 262 16 answer answer NN 44541 262 17 is be VBZ 44541 262 18 in in IN 44541 262 19 complete complete JJ 44541 262 20 harmony harmony NN 44541 262 21 with with IN 44541 262 22 the the DT 44541 262 23 older old JJR 44541 262 24 results result NNS 44541 262 25 arrived arrive VBD 44541 262 26 at at IN 44541 262 27 by by IN 44541 262 28 comparative comparative JJ 44541 262 29 anatomy anatomy NN 44541 262 30 and and CC 44541 262 31 ontogeny ontogeny NN 44541 262 32 . . . 44541 263 1 Thirty thirty CD 44541 263 2 - - HYPH 44541 263 3 four four CD 44541 263 4 years year NNS 44541 263 5 ago ago RB 44541 263 6 Carl Carl NNP 44541 263 7 Gegenbaur,[16 Gegenbaur,[16 NNP 44541 263 8 ] ] -RRB- 44541 263 9 the the DT 44541 263 10 great great JJ 44541 263 11 living live VBG 44541 263 12 master master NN 44541 263 13 of of IN 44541 263 14 comparative comparative JJ 44541 263 15 anatomy anatomy NN 44541 263 16 , , , 44541 263 17 had have VBD 44541 263 18 demonstrated demonstrate VBN 44541 263 19 in in IN 44541 263 20 a a DT 44541 263 21 series series NN 44541 263 22 of of IN 44541 263 23 works work NNS 44541 263 24 how how WRB 44541 263 25 the the DT 44541 263 26 skeletal skeletal JJ 44541 263 27 parts part NNS 44541 263 28 of of IN 44541 263 29 the the DT 44541 263 30 various various JJ 44541 263 31 classes class NNS 44541 263 32 of of IN 44541 263 33 Vertebrata Vertebrata NNP 44541 263 34 , , , 44541 263 35 especially especially RB 44541 263 36 the the DT 44541 263 37 skull skull NN 44541 263 38 and and CC 44541 263 39 the the DT 44541 263 40 limbs limb NNS 44541 263 41 , , , 44541 263 42 still still RB 44541 263 43 represent represent VB 44541 263 44 a a DT 44541 263 45 continuous continuous JJ 44541 263 46 scale scale NN 44541 263 47 of of IN 44541 263 48 phyletic phyletic JJ 44541 263 49 gradations gradation NNS 44541 263 50 . . . 44541 264 1 Apart apart RB 44541 264 2 from from IN 44541 264 3 the the DT 44541 264 4 Cyclostomes cyclostome NNS 44541 264 5 , , , 44541 264 6 there there EX 44541 264 7 are be VBP 44541 264 8 the the DT 44541 264 9 fishes fish NNS 44541 264 10 , , , 44541 264 11 and and CC 44541 264 12 among among IN 44541 264 13 them -PRON- PRP 44541 264 14 the the DT 44541 264 15 Elasmobranchi Elasmobranchi NNP 44541 264 16 ( ( -LRB- 44541 264 17 sharks shark NNS 44541 264 18 and and CC 44541 264 19 rays ray NNS 44541 264 20 ) ) -RRB- 44541 264 21 , , , 44541 264 22 which which WDT 44541 264 23 have have VBP 44541 264 24 best well RBS 44541 264 25 preserved preserve VBN 44541 264 26 the the DT 44541 264 27 original original JJ 44541 264 28 structure structure NN 44541 264 29 in in IN 44541 264 30 all all DT 44541 264 31 its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 264 32 essential essential JJ 44541 264 33 parts part NNS 44541 264 34 of of IN 44541 264 35 organization organization NN 44541 264 36 . . . 44541 265 1 Closely closely RB 44541 265 2 connected connected JJ 44541 265 3 with with IN 44541 265 4 the the DT 44541 265 5 Elasmobranchi Elasmobranchi NNP 44541 265 6 are be VBP 44541 265 7 the the DT 44541 265 8 Crossopterygii Crossopterygii NNPS 44541 265 9 , , , 44541 265 10 and and CC 44541 265 11 with with IN 44541 265 12 these these DT 44541 265 13 the the DT 44541 265 14 Dipneusta Dipneusta NNP 44541 265 15 or or CC 44541 265 16 Dipnoi Dipnoi NNP 44541 265 17 . . . 44541 266 1 Among among IN 44541 266 2 the the DT 44541 266 3 latter latter JJ 44541 266 4 the the DT 44541 266 5 highest high JJS 44541 266 6 importance importance NN 44541 266 7 attaches attach VBZ 44541 266 8 to to IN 44541 266 9 the the DT 44541 266 10 ancient ancient JJ 44541 266 11 Australian australian JJ 44541 266 12 Ceratodus Ceratodus NNP 44541 266 13 . . . 44541 267 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 267 2 organization organization NN 44541 267 3 and and CC 44541 267 4 development development NN 44541 267 5 is be VBZ 44541 267 6 now now RB 44541 267 7 , , , 44541 267 8 at at IN 44541 267 9 last last RB 44541 267 10 , , , 44541 267 11 becoming become VBG 44541 267 12 well well RB 44541 267 13 known known JJ 44541 267 14 . . . 44541 268 1 This this DT 44541 268 2 transitional transitional JJ 44541 268 3 group group NN 44541 268 4 of of IN 44541 268 5 Dipnoi Dipnoi NNP 44541 268 6 , , , 44541 268 7 ' ' '' 44541 268 8 fishes fish VBZ 44541 268 9 with with IN 44541 268 10 lungs lung NNS 44541 268 11 ' ' '' 44541 268 12 but but CC 44541 268 13 without without IN 44541 268 14 pentadactyle pentadactyle NN 44541 268 15 limbs limb NNS 44541 268 16 , , , 44541 268 17 is be VBZ 44541 268 18 the the DT 44541 268 19 morphological morphological JJ 44541 268 20 bridge bridge NN 44541 268 21 which which WDT 44541 268 22 joins join VBZ 44541 268 23 the the DT 44541 268 24 Ganoids Ganoids NNP 44541 268 25 and and CC 44541 268 26 the the DT 44541 268 27 oldest old JJS 44541 268 28 Amphibia Amphibia NNP 44541 268 29 . . . 44541 269 1 With with IN 44541 269 2 this this DT 44541 269 3 chain chain NN 44541 269 4 of of IN 44541 269 5 successive successive JJ 44541 269 6 groups group NNS 44541 269 7 of of IN 44541 269 8 Vertebrata Vertebrata NNP 44541 269 9 , , , 44541 269 10 constructed construct VBN 44541 269 11 anatomically anatomically RB 44541 269 12 , , , 44541 269 13 the the DT 44541 269 14 palæontological palæontological JJ 44541 269 15 facts fact NNS 44541 269 16 agree agree VBP 44541 269 17 most most RBS 44541 269 18 satisfactorily satisfactorily RB 44541 269 19 . . . 44541 270 1 Selachians Selachians NNPS 44541 270 2 and and CC 44541 270 3 Ganoids Ganoids NNP 44541 270 4 existed exist VBD 44541 270 5 in in IN 44541 270 6 the the DT 44541 270 7 Silurian silurian JJ 44541 270 8 times time NNS 44541 270 9 , , , 44541 270 10 Dipnoi Dipnoi NNP 44541 270 11 in in IN 44541 270 12 the the DT 44541 270 13 Devonian Devonian NNP 44541 270 14 , , , 44541 270 15 Amphibia Amphibia NNP 44541 270 16 in in IN 44541 270 17 the the DT 44541 270 18 Carboniferous Carboniferous NNP 44541 270 19 , , , 44541 270 20 Reptilia Reptilia NNP 44541 270 21 in in IN 44541 270 22 the the DT 44541 270 23 Permian permian JJ 44541 270 24 , , , 44541 270 25 Mammalia Mammalia NNP 44541 270 26 in in IN 44541 270 27 the the DT 44541 270 28 Trias Trias NNP 44541 270 29 . . . 44541 271 1 These these DT 44541 271 2 are be VBP 44541 271 3 historical historical JJ 44541 271 4 facts fact NNS 44541 271 5 of of IN 44541 271 6 first first JJ 44541 271 7 rank rank NN 44541 271 8 . . . 44541 272 1 They -PRON- PRP 44541 272 2 connote connote VBP 44541 272 3 in in IN 44541 272 4 the the DT 44541 272 5 most most RBS 44541 272 6 convincing convincing JJ 44541 272 7 manner manner NN 44541 272 8 that that IN 44541 272 9 remarkable remarkable JJ 44541 272 10 ascending ascend VBG 44541 272 11 scale scale NN 44541 272 12 in in IN 44541 272 13 the the DT 44541 272 14 series series NN 44541 272 15 of of IN 44541 272 16 vertebrates vertebrate NNS 44541 272 17 for for IN 44541 272 18 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 272 19 knowledge knowledge NN 44541 272 20 of of IN 44541 272 21 which which WDT 44541 272 22 we -PRON- PRP 44541 272 23 are be VBP 44541 272 24 indebted indebted JJ 44541 272 25 to to IN 44541 272 26 the the DT 44541 272 27 works work NNS 44541 272 28 of of IN 44541 272 29 Cuvier Cuvier NNP 44541 272 30 and and CC 44541 272 31 Blainville Blainville NNP 44541 272 32 , , , 44541 272 33 Meckel Meckel NNP 44541 272 34 , , , 44541 272 35 Johannes Johannes NNP 44541 272 36 Mueller Mueller NNP 44541 272 37 and and CC 44541 272 38 Gegenbaur Gegenbaur NNP 44541 272 39 , , , 44541 272 40 Owen Owen NNP 44541 272 41 and and CC 44541 272 42 Huxley Huxley NNP 44541 272 43 . . . 44541 273 1 The the DT 44541 273 2 historical historical JJ 44541 273 3 succession succession NN 44541 273 4 of of IN 44541 273 5 the the DT 44541 273 6 classes class NNS 44541 273 7 and and CC 44541 273 8 orders order NNS 44541 273 9 of of IN 44541 273 10 the the DT 44541 273 11 Vertebrata Vertebrata NNP 44541 273 12 in in IN 44541 273 13 the the DT 44541 273 14 course course NN 44541 273 15 of of IN 44541 273 16 untold untold JJ 44541 273 17 millions million NNS 44541 273 18 of of IN 44541 273 19 years year NNS 44541 273 20 is be VBZ 44541 273 21 definitely definitely RB 44541 273 22 fixed fix VBN 44541 273 23 by by IN 44541 273 24 the the DT 44541 273 25 concordance concordance NN 44541 273 26 of of IN 44541 273 27 those those DT 44541 273 28 leading lead VBG 44541 273 29 works work NNS 44541 273 30 , , , 44541 273 31 and and CC 44541 273 32 this this DT 44541 273 33 invaluable invaluable JJ 44541 273 34 acquisition acquisition NN 44541 273 35 is be VBZ 44541 273 36 much much RB 44541 273 37 more more RBR 44541 273 38 important important JJ 44541 273 39 for for IN 44541 273 40 the the DT 44541 273 41 foundation foundation NN 44541 273 42 of of IN 44541 273 43 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 273 44 human human JJ 44541 273 45 pedigree pedigree NN 44541 273 46 than than IN 44541 273 47 would would MD 44541 273 48 be be VB 44541 273 49 a a DT 44541 273 50 complete complete JJ 44541 273 51 series series NN 44541 273 52 of of IN 44541 273 53 all all DT 44541 273 54 possible possible JJ 44541 273 55 skeletons skeleton NNS 44541 273 56 of of IN 44541 273 57 Primates Primates NNPS 44541 273 58 . . . 44541 274 1 [ [ -LRB- 44541 274 2 16 16 CD 44541 274 3 ] ] -RRB- 44541 274 4 See see VB 44541 274 5 note note NN 44541 274 6 , , , 44541 274 7 p. p. NN 44541 274 8 97 97 CD 44541 274 9 . . . 44541 275 1 Greater great JJR 44541 275 2 and and CC 44541 275 3 more more JJR 44541 275 4 frequent frequent JJ 44541 275 5 difficulties difficulty NNS 44541 275 6 arise arise VB 44541 275 7 if if IN 44541 275 8 we -PRON- PRP 44541 275 9 penetrate penetrate VBP 44541 275 10 further further RB 44541 275 11 into into IN 44541 275 12 the the DT 44541 275 13 most most RBS 44541 275 14 remote remote JJ 44541 275 15 part part NN 44541 275 16 of of IN 44541 275 17 the the DT 44541 275 18 human human JJ 44541 275 19 phylogeny phylogeny NN 44541 275 20 , , , 44541 275 21 and and CC 44541 275 22 attempt attempt VB 44541 275 23 to to TO 44541 275 24 derive derive VB 44541 275 25 the the DT 44541 275 26 vertebrate vertebrate NN 44541 275 27 stem stem NN 44541 275 28 from from IN 44541 275 29 an an DT 44541 275 30 older old JJR 44541 275 31 stem stem NN 44541 275 32 of of IN 44541 275 33 invertebrate invertebrate JJ 44541 275 34 ancestors ancestor NNS 44541 275 35 . . . 44541 276 1 None none NN 44541 276 2 of of IN 44541 276 3 those those DT 44541 276 4 had have VBD 44541 276 5 a a DT 44541 276 6 skeleton skeleton NN 44541 276 7 which which WDT 44541 276 8 could could MD 44541 276 9 be be VB 44541 276 10 petrified petrified JJ 44541 276 11 ; ; : 44541 276 12 and and CC 44541 276 13 the the DT 44541 276 14 same same JJ 44541 276 15 remark remark NN 44541 276 16 applies apply VBZ 44541 276 17 to to IN 44541 276 18 the the DT 44541 276 19 lowest low JJS 44541 276 20 classes class NNS 44541 276 21 of of IN 44541 276 22 Vertebrata Vertebrata NNP 44541 276 23 -- -- : 44541 276 24 to to IN 44541 276 25 the the DT 44541 276 26 Cyclostomes Cyclostomes NNP 44541 276 27 and and CC 44541 276 28 the the DT 44541 276 29 Acrania Acrania NNP 44541 276 30 . . . 44541 277 1 Palæontology palæontology NN 44541 277 2 , , , 44541 277 3 therefore therefore RB 44541 277 4 , , , 44541 277 5 can can MD 44541 277 6 tell tell VB 44541 277 7 us -PRON- PRP 44541 277 8 nothing nothing NN 44541 277 9 about about IN 44541 277 10 them -PRON- PRP 44541 277 11 ; ; : 44541 277 12 and and CC 44541 277 13 we -PRON- PRP 44541 277 14 are be VBP 44541 277 15 limited limited JJ 44541 277 16 to to IN 44541 277 17 the the DT 44541 277 18 other other JJ 44541 277 19 two two CD 44541 277 20 great great JJ 44541 277 21 documents document NNS 44541 277 22 of of IN 44541 277 23 phylogeny phylogeny NN 44541 277 24 -- -- : 44541 277 25 the the DT 44541 277 26 results result NNS 44541 277 27 of of IN 44541 277 28 comparative comparative JJ 44541 277 29 anatomy anatomy NN 44541 277 30 and and CC 44541 277 31 ontogeny ontogeny NN 44541 277 32 . . . 44541 278 1 The the DT 44541 278 2 value value NN 44541 278 3 of of IN 44541 278 4 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 278 5 evidence evidence NN 44541 278 6 is be VBZ 44541 278 7 , , , 44541 278 8 however however RB 44541 278 9 , , , 44541 278 10 so so RB 44541 278 11 great great JJ 44541 278 12 that that IN 44541 278 13 every every DT 44541 278 14 competent competent JJ 44541 278 15 zoologist zoologist NN 44541 278 16 can can MD 44541 278 17 perceive perceive VB 44541 278 18 the the DT 44541 278 19 most most RBS 44541 278 20 important important JJ 44541 278 21 features feature NNS 44541 278 22 of of IN 44541 278 23 the the DT 44541 278 24 most most RBS 44541 278 25 remote remote JJ 44541 278 26 portion portion NN 44541 278 27 of of IN 44541 278 28 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 278 29 phylogeny phylogeny NN 44541 278 30 . . . 44541 279 1 Here here RB 44541 279 2 the the DT 44541 279 3 first first JJ 44541 279 4 place place NN 44541 279 5 belongs belong VBZ 44541 279 6 to to IN 44541 279 7 the the DT 44541 279 8 invaluable invaluable JJ 44541 279 9 results result NNS 44541 279 10 which which WDT 44541 279 11 modern modern JJ 44541 279 12 comparative comparative JJ 44541 279 13 ontogeny ontogeny NN 44541 279 14 has have VBZ 44541 279 15 gained gain VBN 44541 279 16 by by IN 44541 279 17 the the DT 44541 279 18 aid aid NN 44541 279 19 of of IN 44541 279 20 the the DT 44541 279 21 biogenetic biogenetic JJ 44541 279 22 law law NN 44541 279 23 or or CC 44541 279 24 the the DT 44541 279 25 theory theory NN 44541 279 26 of of IN 44541 279 27 recapitulation recapitulation NN 44541 279 28 . . . 44541 280 1 The the DT 44541 280 2 foundation foundation NN 44541 280 3 - - HYPH 44541 280 4 stones stone NNS 44541 280 5 of of IN 44541 280 6 vertebrate vertebrate NN 44541 280 7 embryology embryology NN 44541 280 8 had have VBD 44541 280 9 been be VBN 44541 280 10 laid lay VBN 44541 280 11 by by IN 44541 280 12 the the DT 44541 280 13 works work NNS 44541 280 14 of of IN 44541 280 15 Von Von NNP 44541 280 16 Baer Baer NNP 44541 280 17 , , , 44541 280 18 Bischoff,[17 Bischoff,[17 NNP 44541 280 19 ] ] -RRB- 44541 280 20 Remak Remak NNP 44541 280 21 , , , 44541 280 22 and and CC 44541 280 23 Koelliker;[18 Koelliker;[18 NNP 44541 280 24 ] ] -RRB- 44541 280 25 but but CC 44541 280 26 the the DT 44541 280 27 clearest clear JJS 44541 280 28 light light NN 44541 280 29 was be VBD 44541 280 30 thrown throw VBN 44541 280 31 upon upon IN 44541 280 32 it -PRON- PRP 44541 280 33 by by IN 44541 280 34 the the DT 44541 280 35 famous famous JJ 44541 280 36 discoveries discovery NNS 44541 280 37 of of IN 44541 280 38 Kowalevsky[19 Kowalevsky[19 NNP 44541 280 39 ] ] -RRB- 44541 280 40 in in IN 44541 280 41 1866 1866 CD 44541 280 42 . . . 44541 281 1 He -PRON- PRP 44541 281 2 proved prove VBD 44541 281 3 the the DT 44541 281 4 identity identity NN 44541 281 5 of of IN 44541 281 6 the the DT 44541 281 7 first first JJ 44541 281 8 developmental developmental JJ 44541 281 9 stages stage NNS 44541 281 10 of of IN 44541 281 11 Amphioxus Amphioxus NNP 44541 281 12 and and CC 44541 281 13 the the DT 44541 281 14 Ascidians Ascidians NNPS 44541 281 15 , , , 44541 281 16 and and CC 44541 281 17 thereby thereby RB 44541 281 18 confirmed confirm VBD 44541 281 19 the the DT 44541 281 20 divination divination NN 44541 281 21 of of IN 44541 281 22 Goodsir Goodsir NNP 44541 281 23 , , , 44541 281 24 who who WP 44541 281 25 had have VBD 44541 281 26 already already RB 44541 281 27 announced announce VBN 44541 281 28 the the DT 44541 281 29 close close JJ 44541 281 30 affinity affinity NN 44541 281 31 of of IN 44541 281 32 Vertebrates Vertebrates NNPS 44541 281 33 and and CC 44541 281 34 Tunicates Tunicates NNPS 44541 281 35 . . . 44541 282 1 The the DT 44541 282 2 acknowledgment acknowledgment NN 44541 282 3 of of IN 44541 282 4 this this DT 44541 282 5 affinity affinity NN 44541 282 6 has have VBZ 44541 282 7 proved prove VBN 44541 282 8 of of IN 44541 282 9 increasing increase VBG 44541 282 10 importance importance NN 44541 282 11 , , , 44541 282 12 and and CC 44541 282 13 has have VBZ 44541 282 14 abolished abolish VBN 44541 282 15 the the DT 44541 282 16 erroneous erroneous JJ 44541 282 17 hypothesis hypothesis NN 44541 282 18 that that IN 44541 282 19 the the DT 44541 282 20 Vertebrata Vertebrata NNP 44541 282 21 may may MD 44541 282 22 have have VB 44541 282 23 arisen arise VBN 44541 282 24 from from IN 44541 282 25 Annelids Annelids NNP 44541 282 26 or or CC 44541 282 27 from from IN 44541 282 28 other other JJ 44541 282 29 Articulata Articulata NNP 44541 282 30 . . . 44541 283 1 Meanwhile meanwhile RB 44541 283 2 , , , 44541 283 3 from from IN 44541 283 4 1860 1860 CD 44541 283 5 to to IN 44541 283 6 1872 1872 CD 44541 283 7 , , , 44541 283 8 I -PRON- PRP 44541 283 9 myself -PRON- PRP 44541 283 10 had have VBD 44541 283 11 been be VBN 44541 283 12 studying study VBG 44541 283 13 the the DT 44541 283 14 development development NN 44541 283 15 of of IN 44541 283 16 the the DT 44541 283 17 Spongiæ Spongiæ NNPS 44541 283 18 , , , 44541 283 19 Medusæ Medusæ NNP 44541 283 20 , , , 44541 283 21 Siphonophora Siphonophora NNP 44541 283 22 , , , 44541 283 23 and and CC 44541 283 24 other other JJ 44541 283 25 Coelenterata Coelenterata NNP 44541 283 26 . . . 44541 284 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 284 2 comparison comparison NN 44541 284 3 led lead VBD 44541 284 4 me -PRON- PRP 44541 284 5 to to IN 44541 284 6 the the DT 44541 284 7 statements statement NNS 44541 284 8 embodied embody VBN 44541 284 9 in in IN 44541 284 10 the the DT 44541 284 11 ' ' `` 44541 284 12 Gastræatheorie Gastræatheorie NNP 44541 284 13 , , , 44541 284 14 ' ' '' 44541 284 15 the the DT 44541 284 16 first first JJ 44541 284 17 abstract abstract NN 44541 284 18 of of IN 44541 284 19 which which WDT 44541 284 20 was be VBD 44541 284 21 published publish VBN 44541 284 22 in in IN 44541 284 23 1872 1872 CD 44541 284 24 in in IN 44541 284 25 my -PRON- PRP$ 44541 284 26 monograph monograph NN 44541 284 27 of of IN 44541 284 28 the the DT 44541 284 29 Calcispongiæ Calcispongiæ NNPS 44541 284 30 . . . 44541 285 1 [ [ -LRB- 44541 285 2 17 17 CD 44541 285 3 ] ] -RRB- 44541 285 4 Wilhelm Wilhelm NNP 44541 285 5 Bischoff Bischoff NNP 44541 285 6 of of IN 44541 285 7 Munich Munich NNP 44541 285 8 : : : 44541 285 9 works work VBZ 44541 285 10 on on IN 44541 285 11 the the DT 44541 285 12 history history NN 44541 285 13 of of IN 44541 285 14 the the DT 44541 285 15 development development NN 44541 285 16 of of IN 44541 285 17 the the DT 44541 285 18 rabbit rabbit NN 44541 285 19 , , , 44541 285 20 dog dog NN 44541 285 21 , , , 44541 285 22 guinea guinea NN 44541 285 23 - - HYPH 44541 285 24 pig pig NNP 44541 285 25 , , , 44541 285 26 roe roe NNP 44541 285 27 - - HYPH 44541 285 28 deer deer NN 44541 285 29 . . . 44541 286 1 1840 1840 CD 44541 286 2 - - SYM 44541 286 3 1854 1854 CD 44541 286 4 . . . 44541 287 1 [ [ -LRB- 44541 287 2 18 18 CD 44541 287 3 ] ] -RRB- 44541 287 4 See see VB 44541 287 5 note note NN 44541 287 6 , , , 44541 287 7 p. p. NN 44541 287 8 96 96 CD 44541 287 9 . . . 44541 288 1 [ [ -LRB- 44541 288 2 19 19 CD 44541 288 3 ] ] -RRB- 44541 288 4 ' ' `` 44541 288 5 Ueber Ueber NNP 44541 288 6 die die NN 44541 288 7 Entwicklung Entwicklung NNP 44541 288 8 der der VBP 44541 288 9 einfachen einfachen NNP 44541 288 10 Ascidien Ascidien NNP 44541 288 11 , , , 44541 288 12 ' ' '' 44541 288 13 Mém Mém NNP 44541 288 14 . . . 44541 289 1 Acad Acad NNS 44541 289 2 . . . 44541 290 1 St. St. NNP 44541 290 2 Petersbourg Petersbourg NNP 44541 290 3 , , , 44541 290 4 vii vii NN 44541 290 5 . . . 44541 291 1 ser ser NNP 44541 291 2 . . . 44541 291 3 , , , 44541 291 4 tome tome NNP 44541 291 5 x. x. NNP 44541 292 1 ( ( -LRB- 44541 292 2 1866 1866 CD 44541 292 3 ) ) -RRB- 44541 292 4 . . . 44541 293 1 Other other JJ 44541 293 2 papers paper NNS 44541 293 3 in in IN 44541 293 4 ' ' `` 44541 293 5 Archiv Archiv NNP 44541 293 6 f. f. NN 44541 293 7 Mikroskop Mikroskop NNP 44541 293 8 . . . 44541 294 1 Anatomie Anatomie NNP 44541 294 2 , , , 44541 294 3 ' ' '' 44541 294 4 vii vii NN 44541 294 5 . . . 44541 295 1 ( ( -LRB- 44541 295 2 1871 1871 CD 44541 295 3 ) ) -RRB- 44541 295 4 ; ; : 44541 295 5 xiii xiii NNP 44541 295 6 . . . 44541 296 1 ( ( -LRB- 44541 296 2 1877 1877 CD 44541 296 3 ) ) -RRB- 44541 296 4 . . . 44541 297 1 These these DT 44541 297 2 ideas idea NNS 44541 297 3 were be VBD 44541 297 4 carried carry VBN 44541 297 5 on on IN 44541 297 6 and and CC 44541 297 7 expanded expand VBN 44541 297 8 during during IN 44541 297 9 the the DT 44541 297 10 subsequent subsequent JJ 44541 297 11 ten ten CD 44541 297 12 years year NNS 44541 297 13 by by IN 44541 297 14 the the DT 44541 297 15 help help NN 44541 297 16 of of IN 44541 297 17 many many JJ 44541 297 18 excellent excellent JJ 44541 297 19 embryologists embryologist NNS 44541 297 20 -- -- : 44541 297 21 first first RB 44541 297 22 of of IN 44541 297 23 all all DT 44541 297 24 by by IN 44541 297 25 E. E. NNP 44541 297 26 Ray Ray NNP 44541 297 27 Lankester Lankester NNP 44541 297 28 and and CC 44541 297 29 Francis Francis NNP 44541 297 30 Balfour Balfour NNP 44541 297 31 . . . 44541 298 1 The the DT 44541 298 2 most most RBS 44541 298 3 fruitful fruitful JJ 44541 298 4 result result NN 44541 298 5 of of IN 44541 298 6 these these DT 44541 298 7 widely widely RB 44541 298 8 extended extended JJ 44541 298 9 researches research NNS 44541 298 10 was be VBD 44541 298 11 the the DT 44541 298 12 conclusion conclusion NN 44541 298 13 that that IN 44541 298 14 the the DT 44541 298 15 first first JJ 44541 298 16 stages stage NNS 44541 298 17 of of IN 44541 298 18 embryonic embryonic JJ 44541 298 19 development development NN 44541 298 20 are be VBP 44541 298 21 essentially essentially RB 44541 298 22 the the DT 44541 298 23 same same JJ 44541 298 24 in in IN 44541 298 25 all all PDT 44541 298 26 the the DT 44541 298 27 different different JJ 44541 298 28 Metazoa Metazoa NNP 44541 298 29 , , , 44541 298 30 and and CC 44541 298 31 that that IN 44541 298 32 we -PRON- PRP 44541 298 33 may may MD 44541 298 34 derive derive VB 44541 298 35 from from IN 44541 298 36 these these DT 44541 298 37 facts fact NNS 44541 298 38 certain certain JJ 44541 298 39 views view NNS 44541 298 40 on on IN 44541 298 41 the the DT 44541 298 42 common common JJ 44541 298 43 descent descent NN 44541 298 44 of of IN 44541 298 45 all all DT 44541 298 46 from from IN 44541 298 47 one one CD 44541 298 48 ancestral ancestral JJ 44541 298 49 form form NN 44541 298 50 . . . 44541 299 1 The the DT 44541 299 2 unicellular unicellular JJ 44541 299 3 egg[20 egg[20 NN 44541 299 4 ] ] -RRB- 44541 299 5 repeats repeat VBZ 44541 299 6 the the DT 44541 299 7 stage stage NN 44541 299 8 of of IN 44541 299 9 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 299 10 Protozoan Protozoan NNP 44541 299 11 ancestors ancestor NNS 44541 299 12 ; ; : 44541 299 13 the the DT 44541 299 14 Blastula Blastula NNP 44541 299 15 is be VBZ 44541 299 16 equivalent equivalent JJ 44541 299 17 to to IN 44541 299 18 an an DT 44541 299 19 ancestral ancestral JJ 44541 299 20 coenobium coenobium NN 44541 299 21 of of IN 44541 299 22 Magosphæra Magosphæra NNP 44541 299 23 or or CC 44541 299 24 Volvox Volvox NNP 44541 299 25 ; ; : 44541 299 26 the the DT 44541 299 27 Gastrula Gastrula NNP 44541 299 28 is be VBZ 44541 299 29 the the DT 44541 299 30 hereditary hereditary JJ 44541 299 31 repetition repetition NN 44541 299 32 of of IN 44541 299 33 the the DT 44541 299 34 Gastræa Gastræa NNP 44541 299 35 , , , 44541 299 36 the the DT 44541 299 37 common common JJ 44541 299 38 ancestor ancestor NN 44541 299 39 of of IN 44541 299 40 all all PDT 44541 299 41 the the DT 44541 299 42 Metazoa Metazoa NNP 44541 299 43 . . . 44541 300 1 [ [ -LRB- 44541 300 2 20 20 CD 44541 300 3 ] ] -RRB- 44541 300 4 See see VB 44541 300 5 note note NN 44541 300 6 , , , 44541 300 7 p. p. NN 44541 300 8 115 115 CD 44541 300 9 - - HYPH 44541 300 10 -Theory -theory NN 44541 300 11 of of IN 44541 300 12 cells cell NNS 44541 300 13 . . . 44541 301 1 Man man NN 44541 301 2 agrees agree VBZ 44541 301 3 in in IN 44541 301 4 all all PDT 44541 301 5 these these DT 44541 301 6 respects respect NNS 44541 301 7 with with IN 44541 301 8 the the DT 44541 301 9 other other JJ 44541 301 10 vertebrates vertebrate NNS 44541 301 11 , , , 44541 301 12 and and CC 44541 301 13 must must MD 44541 301 14 have have VB 44541 301 15 descended descend VBN 44541 301 16 with with IN 44541 301 17 them -PRON- PRP 44541 301 18 from from IN 44541 301 19 the the DT 44541 301 20 same same JJ 44541 301 21 common common JJ 44541 301 22 root root NN 44541 301 23 . . . 44541 302 1 Particularly particularly RB 44541 302 2 obscure obscure JJ 44541 302 3 is be VBZ 44541 302 4 that that DT 44541 302 5 part part NN 44541 302 6 of of IN 44541 302 7 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 302 8 phylogeny phylogeny NN 44541 302 9 which which WDT 44541 302 10 extends extend VBZ 44541 302 11 from from IN 44541 302 12 the the DT 44541 302 13 Gastræa Gastræa NNP 44541 302 14 to to IN 44541 302 15 Amphioxus Amphioxus NNP 44541 302 16 . . . 44541 303 1 The the DT 44541 303 2 morphological morphological JJ 44541 303 3 importance importance NN 44541 303 4 of of IN 44541 303 5 this this DT 44541 303 6 last last JJ 44541 303 7 small small JJ 44541 303 8 creature creature NN 44541 303 9 had have VBD 44541 303 10 been be VBN 44541 303 11 perceived perceive VBN 44541 303 12 by by IN 44541 303 13 Johannes Johannes NNP 44541 303 14 Mueller Mueller NNP 44541 303 15 , , , 44541 303 16 who who WP 44541 303 17 in in IN 44541 303 18 1842 1842 CD 44541 303 19 gave give VBD 44541 303 20 the the DT 44541 303 21 first first JJ 44541 303 22 accurate accurate JJ 44541 303 23 description description NN 44541 303 24 of of IN 44541 303 25 it -PRON- PRP 44541 303 26 . . . 44541 304 1 It -PRON- PRP 44541 304 2 would would MD 44541 304 3 not not RB 44541 304 4 , , , 44541 304 5 of of IN 44541 304 6 course course NN 44541 304 7 , , , 44541 304 8 be be VB 44541 304 9 correct correct JJ 44541 304 10 to to TO 44541 304 11 proclaim proclaim VB 44541 304 12 the the DT 44541 304 13 modern modern JJ 44541 304 14 Amphioxus Amphioxus NNP 44541 304 15 the the DT 44541 304 16 common common JJ 44541 304 17 ancestor ancestor NN 44541 304 18 of of IN 44541 304 19 all all PDT 44541 304 20 the the DT 44541 304 21 vertebrates vertebrate NNS 44541 304 22 ; ; : 44541 304 23 but but CC 44541 304 24 he -PRON- PRP 44541 304 25 must must MD 44541 304 26 be be VB 44541 304 27 regarded regard VBN 44541 304 28 as as RB 44541 304 29 closely closely RB 44541 304 30 related related JJ 44541 304 31 to to IN 44541 304 32 them -PRON- PRP 44541 304 33 , , , 44541 304 34 and and CC 44541 304 35 as as IN 44541 304 36 the the DT 44541 304 37 only only JJ 44541 304 38 survivor survivor NN 44541 304 39 of of IN 44541 304 40 the the DT 44541 304 41 whole whole JJ 44541 304 42 class class NN 44541 304 43 of of IN 44541 304 44 Acrania Acrania NNP 44541 304 45 . . . 44541 305 1 If if IN 44541 305 2 the the DT 44541 305 3 Amphioxidæ Amphioxidæ NNP 44541 305 4 had have VBD 44541 305 5 through through IN 44541 305 6 some some DT 44541 305 7 unfortunate unfortunate JJ 44541 305 8 accident accident NN 44541 305 9 become become VBP 44541 305 10 extinct extinct JJ 44541 305 11 , , , 44541 305 12 we -PRON- PRP 44541 305 13 should should MD 44541 305 14 not not RB 44541 305 15 have have VB 44541 305 16 been be VBN 44541 305 17 able able JJ 44541 305 18 to to TO 44541 305 19 gain gain VB 44541 305 20 anything anything NN 44541 305 21 like like IN 44541 305 22 a a DT 44541 305 23 positive positive JJ 44541 305 24 glimpse glimpse NN 44541 305 25 at at IN 44541 305 26 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 305 27 most most RBS 44541 305 28 remote remote JJ 44541 305 29 vertebrate vertebrate NN 44541 305 30 ancestor ancestor NN 44541 305 31 . . . 44541 306 1 On on IN 44541 306 2 the the DT 44541 306 3 one one CD 44541 306 4 hand hand NN 44541 306 5 , , , 44541 306 6 Amphioxus Amphioxus NNP 44541 306 7 is be VBZ 44541 306 8 closely closely RB 44541 306 9 connected connect VBN 44541 306 10 with with IN 44541 306 11 the the DT 44541 306 12 early early JJ 44541 306 13 larva larva NN 44541 306 14 of of IN 44541 306 15 the the DT 44541 306 16 Cyclostomes Cyclostomes NNP 44541 306 17 , , , 44541 306 18 which which WDT 44541 306 19 are be VBP 44541 306 20 the the DT 44541 306 21 oldest old JJS 44541 306 22 Craniota Craniota NNP 44541 306 23 , , , 44541 306 24 and and CC 44541 306 25 the the DT 44541 306 26 pre pre JJ 44541 306 27 - - JJ 44541 306 28 Silurian silurian JJ 44541 306 29 ancestors ancestor NNS 44541 306 30 of of IN 44541 306 31 the the DT 44541 306 32 fishes fish NNS 44541 306 33 . . . 44541 307 1 On on IN 44541 307 2 the the DT 44541 307 3 other other JJ 44541 307 4 hand hand NN 44541 307 5 , , , 44541 307 6 the the DT 44541 307 7 ontogeny ontogeny NN 44541 307 8 of of IN 44541 307 9 Amphioxus Amphioxus NNP 44541 307 10 is be VBZ 44541 307 11 in in IN 44541 307 12 harmony harmony NN 44541 307 13 with with IN 44541 307 14 that that DT 44541 307 15 of of IN 44541 307 16 the the DT 44541 307 17 Ascidians Ascidians NNPS 44541 307 18 , , , 44541 307 19 and and CC 44541 307 20 if if IN 44541 307 21 this this DT 44541 307 22 agreement agreement NN 44541 307 23 is be VBZ 44541 307 24 not not RB 44541 307 25 merely merely RB 44541 307 26 coincidental coincidental JJ 44541 307 27 , , , 44541 307 28 but but CC 44541 307 29 due due IN 44541 307 30 to to IN 44541 307 31 relationship relationship NN 44541 307 32 , , , 44541 307 33 we -PRON- PRP 44541 307 34 are be VBP 44541 307 35 justified justified JJ 44541 307 36 in in IN 44541 307 37 reconstructing reconstruct VBG 44541 307 38 for for IN 44541 307 39 both both DT 44541 307 40 Ascidians Ascidians NNPS 44541 307 41 and and CC 44541 307 42 Amphioxus Amphioxus NNP 44541 307 43 one one NN 44541 307 44 common common JJ 44541 307 45 ancestral ancestral JJ 44541 307 46 group group NN 44541 307 47 of of IN 44541 307 48 chordate chordate NN 44541 307 49 animals animal NNS 44541 307 50 , , , 44541 307 51 the the DT 44541 307 52 hypothetical hypothetical JJ 44541 307 53 _ _ NNP 44541 307 54 Prochordonia Prochordonia NNP 44541 307 55 _ _ NNP 44541 307 56 . . . 44541 308 1 The the DT 44541 308 2 modern modern JJ 44541 308 3 Copelata Copelata NNP 44541 308 4 give give VBP 44541 308 5 us -PRON- PRP 44541 308 6 a a DT 44541 308 7 remote remote JJ 44541 308 8 idea idea NN 44541 308 9 of of IN 44541 308 10 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 308 11 structure structure NN 44541 308 12 . . . 44541 309 1 The the DT 44541 309 2 curious curious JJ 44541 309 3 Balanoglossus Balanoglossus NNP 44541 309 4 , , , 44541 309 5 the the DT 44541 309 6 only only JJ 44541 309 7 living live VBG 44541 309 8 form form NN 44541 309 9 of of IN 44541 309 10 Enteropneusta Enteropneusta NNP 44541 309 11 , , , 44541 309 12 seems seem VBZ 44541 309 13 to to TO 44541 309 14 connect connect VB 44541 309 15 these these DT 44541 309 16 Prochordonia Prochordonia NNP 44541 309 17 with with IN 44541 309 18 the the DT 44541 309 19 Nemertina Nemertina NNP 44541 309 20 and and CC 44541 309 21 other other JJ 44541 309 22 Vermalia Vermalia NNP 44541 309 23 , , , 44541 309 24 which which WDT 44541 309 25 we -PRON- PRP 44541 309 26 unite unite VBP 44541 309 27 in in IN 44541 309 28 one one CD 44541 309 29 large large JJ 44541 309 30 class class NN 44541 309 31 -- -- : 44541 309 32 Frontonia Frontonia NNP 44541 309 33 . . . 44541 310 1 No no RB 44541 310 2 doubt doubt RB 44541 310 3 these these DT 44541 310 4 pre pre JJ 44541 310 5 - - JJ 44541 310 6 Cambrian cambrian JJ 44541 310 7 Vermalia Vermalia NNP 44541 310 8 , , , 44541 310 9 and and CC 44541 310 10 the the DT 44541 310 11 common common JJ 44541 310 12 root root NN 44541 310 13 of of IN 44541 310 14 all all DT 44541 310 15 Metazoa Metazoa NNP 44541 310 16 , , , 44541 310 17 the the DT 44541 310 18 Gastræades gastræade NNS 44541 310 19 , , , 44541 310 20 were be VBD 44541 310 21 connected connect VBN 44541 310 22 during during IN 44541 310 23 the the DT 44541 310 24 Laurentian laurentian JJ 44541 310 25 period period NN 44541 310 26 by by IN 44541 310 27 a a DT 44541 310 28 long long JJ 44541 310 29 chain chain NN 44541 310 30 of of IN 44541 310 31 intermediate intermediate JJ 44541 310 32 forms form NNS 44541 310 33 , , , 44541 310 34 and and CC 44541 310 35 probably probably RB 44541 310 36 among among IN 44541 310 37 these these DT 44541 310 38 were be VBD 44541 310 39 some some DT 44541 310 40 older old JJR 44541 310 41 forms form NNS 44541 310 42 of of IN 44541 310 43 Rotatoria Rotatoria NNP 44541 310 44 and and CC 44541 310 45 Turbellaria Turbellaria NNP 44541 310 46 ; ; : 44541 310 47 but but CC 44541 310 48 at at IN 44541 310 49 present present NN 44541 310 50 it -PRON- PRP 44541 310 51 is be VBZ 44541 310 52 not not RB 44541 310 53 possible possible JJ 44541 310 54 to to TO 44541 310 55 fill fill VB 44541 310 56 this this DT 44541 310 57 wide wide JJ 44541 310 58 gap gap NN 44541 310 59 with with IN 44541 310 60 hypotheses hypothesis NNS 44541 310 61 that that WDT 44541 310 62 are be VBP 44541 310 63 satisfactory satisfactory JJ 44541 310 64 , , , 44541 310 65 and and CC 44541 310 66 we -PRON- PRP 44541 310 67 have have VBP 44541 310 68 to to TO 44541 310 69 admit admit VB 44541 310 70 that that IN 44541 310 71 here here RB 44541 310 72 indeed indeed RB 44541 310 73 are be VBP 44541 310 74 many many JJ 44541 310 75 missing miss VBG 44541 310 76 links link NNS 44541 310 77 in in IN 44541 310 78 the the DT 44541 310 79 older old JJR 44541 310 80 history history NN 44541 310 81 of of IN 44541 310 82 the the DT 44541 310 83 Invertebrata Invertebrata NNP 44541 310 84 . . . 44541 311 1 Still still RB 44541 311 2 , , , 44541 311 3 every every DT 44541 311 4 zoologist zoologist NN 44541 311 5 who who WP 44541 311 6 is be VBZ 44541 311 7 convinced convinced JJ 44541 311 8 of of IN 44541 311 9 the the DT 44541 311 10 truth truth NN 44541 311 11 of of IN 44541 311 12 transformism transformism NN 44541 311 13 , , , 44541 311 14 and and CC 44541 311 15 is be VBZ 44541 311 16 accustomed accustom VBN 44541 311 17 to to IN 44541 311 18 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ 44541 311 19 speculations speculation NNS 44541 311 20 , , , 44541 311 21 knows know VBZ 44541 311 22 very very RB 44541 311 23 well well RB 44541 311 24 that that IN 44541 311 25 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 311 26 results result NNS 44541 311 27 are be VBP 44541 311 28 most most RBS 44541 311 29 unequal unequal JJ 44541 311 30 , , , 44541 311 31 often often RB 44541 311 32 incomplete incomplete JJ 44541 311 33 . . . 44541 312 1 III iii CD 44541 312 2 . . . 44541 313 1 Let let VB 44541 313 2 us -PRON- PRP 44541 313 3 now now RB 44541 313 4 recapitulate recapitulate VB 44541 313 5 the the DT 44541 313 6 ancestral ancestral JJ 44541 313 7 chain chain NN 44541 313 8 of of IN 44541 313 9 man man NN 44541 313 10 , , , 44541 313 11 as as IN 44541 313 12 it -PRON- PRP 44541 313 13 is be VBZ 44541 313 14 set set VBN 44541 313 15 forth forth RP 44541 313 16 in in IN 44541 313 17 the the DT 44541 313 18 accompanying accompanying JJ 44541 313 19 diagram diagram NN 44541 313 20 ( ( -LRB- 44541 313 21 p. p. NN 44541 313 22 55 55 CD 44541 313 23 ) ) -RRB- 44541 313 24 , , , 44541 313 25 which which WDT 44541 313 26 represents represent VBZ 44541 313 27 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 313 28 present present JJ 44541 313 29 knowledge knowledge NN 44541 313 30 of of IN 44541 313 31 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 313 32 descent descent NN 44541 313 33 . . . 44541 314 1 For for IN 44541 314 2 simplicity simplicity NN 44541 314 3 's 's POS 44541 314 4 sake sake NN 44541 314 5 the the DT 44541 314 6 many many JJ 44541 314 7 side side NN 44541 314 8 - - HYPH 44541 314 9 issues issue NNS 44541 314 10 or or CC 44541 314 11 branches branch NNS 44541 314 12 which which WDT 44541 314 13 lead lead VBP 44541 314 14 to to IN 44541 314 15 groups group NNS 44541 314 16 not not RB 44541 314 17 in in IN 44541 314 18 the the DT 44541 314 19 main main JJ 44541 314 20 line line NN 44541 314 21 of of IN 44541 314 22 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 314 23 descent descent NN 44541 314 24 have have VBP 44541 314 25 been be VBN 44541 314 26 left leave VBN 44541 314 27 out out RP 44541 314 28 , , , 44541 314 29 or or CC 44541 314 30 have have VBP 44541 314 31 been be VBN 44541 314 32 indicated indicate VBN 44541 314 33 merely merely RB 44541 314 34 . . . 44541 315 1 Many many JJ 44541 315 2 of of IN 44541 315 3 the the DT 44541 315 4 stages stage NNS 44541 315 5 are be VBP 44541 315 6 of of IN 44541 315 7 course course NN 44541 315 8 hypothetical hypothetical JJ 44541 315 9 , , , 44541 315 10 arrived arrive VBD 44541 315 11 at at IN 44541 315 12 by by IN 44541 315 13 the the DT 44541 315 14 study study NN 44541 315 15 of of IN 44541 315 16 comparative comparative JJ 44541 315 17 anatomy anatomy NN 44541 315 18 and and CC 44541 315 19 ontogeny ontogeny NN 44541 315 20 ; ; : 44541 315 21 but but CC 44541 315 22 an an DT 44541 315 23 example example NN 44541 315 24 for for IN 44541 315 25 each each DT 44541 315 26 of of IN 44541 315 27 them -PRON- PRP 44541 315 28 has have VBZ 44541 315 29 been be VBN 44541 315 30 taken take VBN 44541 315 31 from from IN 44541 315 32 those those DT 44541 315 33 living living NN 44541 315 34 or or CC 44541 315 35 fossil fossil NN 44541 315 36 creatures creature NNS 44541 315 37 which which WDT 44541 315 38 seem seem VBP 44541 315 39 to to TO 44541 315 40 be be VB 44541 315 41 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 315 42 nearest near JJS 44541 315 43 representatives representative NNS 44541 315 44 . . . 44541 316 1 1 1 LS 44541 316 2 . . . 44541 317 1 The the DT 44541 317 2 most most RBS 44541 317 3 remote remote JJ 44541 317 4 ancestors ancestor NNS 44541 317 5 of of IN 44541 317 6 all all DT 44541 317 7 living live VBG 44541 317 8 organisms organism NNS 44541 317 9 were be VBD 44541 317 10 living live VBG 44541 317 11 beings being NNS 44541 317 12 of of IN 44541 317 13 the the DT 44541 317 14 simplest simple JJS 44541 317 15 imaginable imaginable JJ 44541 317 16 kind kind NN 44541 317 17 , , , 44541 317 18 organisms organism NNS 44541 317 19 without without IN 44541 317 20 organs organ NNS 44541 317 21 , , , 44541 317 22 like like IN 44541 317 23 the the DT 44541 317 24 still still RB 44541 317 25 existing exist VBG 44541 317 26 _ _ NNP 44541 317 27 Monera Monera NNP 44541 317 28 _ _ NNP 44541 317 29 . . . 44541 318 1 Each each DT 44541 318 2 consisted consist VBD 44541 318 3 of of IN 44541 318 4 a a DT 44541 318 5 simple simple JJ 44541 318 6 granule granule NN 44541 318 7 of of IN 44541 318 8 protoplasm protoplasm NN 44541 318 9 , , , 44541 318 10 a a DT 44541 318 11 structureless structureless JJ 44541 318 12 mass mass NN 44541 318 13 of of IN 44541 318 14 albuminous albuminous JJ 44541 318 15 matter matter NN 44541 318 16 or or CC 44541 318 17 plasson plasson NN 44541 318 18 , , , 44541 318 19 like like IN 44541 318 20 the the DT 44541 318 21 recent recent JJ 44541 318 22 Chromaceæ Chromaceæ NNP 44541 318 23 and and CC 44541 318 24 Bacteriæ Bacteriæ NNP 44541 318 25 . . . 44541 319 1 The the DT 44541 319 2 morphological morphological JJ 44541 319 3 value value NN 44541 319 4 of of IN 44541 319 5 these these DT 44541 319 6 beings being NNS 44541 319 7 is be VBZ 44541 319 8 not not RB 44541 319 9 yet yet RB 44541 319 10 that that DT 44541 319 11 of of IN 44541 319 12 a a DT 44541 319 13 cell cell NN 44541 319 14 , , , 44541 319 15 but but CC 44541 319 16 that that DT 44541 319 17 of of IN 44541 319 18 a a DT 44541 319 19 cytode cytode NN 44541 319 20 , , , 44541 319 21 or or CC 44541 319 22 cell cell NN 44541 319 23 without without IN 44541 319 24 a a DT 44541 319 25 nucleus nucleus NN 44541 319 26 . . . 44541 320 1 Cytoplasm Cytoplasm NNP 44541 320 2 and and CC 44541 320 3 nucleus nucleus NN 44541 320 4 were be VBD 44541 320 5 still still RB 44541 320 6 undifferentiated undifferentiated JJ 44541 320 7 . . . 44541 321 1 I -PRON- PRP 44541 321 2 assume assume VBP 44541 321 3 that that IN 44541 321 4 the the DT 44541 321 5 first first JJ 44541 321 6 Monera Monera NNP 44541 321 7 owe owe VBP 44541 321 8 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 321 9 existence existence NN 44541 321 10 to to IN 44541 321 11 spontaneous spontaneous JJ 44541 321 12 creation creation NN 44541 321 13 out out IN 44541 321 14 of of IN 44541 321 15 so so RB 44541 321 16 - - HYPH 44541 321 17 called call VBN 44541 321 18 anorganic anorganic JJ 44541 321 19 combinations combination NNS 44541 321 20 , , , 44541 321 21 consisting consist VBG 44541 321 22 of of IN 44541 321 23 carbon carbon NN 44541 321 24 , , , 44541 321 25 hydrogen hydrogen NN 44541 321 26 , , , 44541 321 27 oxygen oxygen NN 44541 321 28 , , , 44541 321 29 and and CC 44541 321 30 nitrogen nitrogen NN 44541 321 31 . . . 44541 322 1 An an DT 44541 322 2 explanation explanation NN 44541 322 3 of of IN 44541 322 4 this this DT 44541 322 5 hypothesis hypothesis NN 44541 322 6 I -PRON- PRP 44541 322 7 have have VBP 44541 322 8 given give VBN 44541 322 9 in in IN 44541 322 10 my -PRON- PRP$ 44541 322 11 ' ' '' 44541 322 12 Generelle Generelle NNP 44541 322 13 Morphologie Morphologie NNP 44541 322 14 . . . 44541 322 15 ' ' '' 44541 323 1 The the DT 44541 323 2 Monera Monera NNP 44541 323 3 probably probably RB 44541 323 4 arose arise VBD 44541 323 5 early early RB 44541 323 6 in in IN 44541 323 7 the the DT 44541 323 8 Laurentian laurentian JJ 44541 323 9 period period NN 44541 323 10 . . . 44541 324 1 The the DT 44541 324 2 oldest old JJS 44541 324 3 are be VBP 44541 324 4 the the DT 44541 324 5 Phytomonera Phytomonera NNP 44541 324 6 , , , 44541 324 7 with with IN 44541 324 8 vegetable vegetable NN 44541 324 9 metabolism metabolism NN 44541 324 10 . . . 44541 325 1 They -PRON- PRP 44541 325 2 possessed possess VBD 44541 325 3 the the DT 44541 325 4 power power NN 44541 325 5 ( ( -LRB- 44541 325 6 characteristic characteristic NN 44541 325 7 of of IN 44541 325 8 plants plant NNS 44541 325 9 ) ) -RRB- 44541 325 10 of of IN 44541 325 11 forming form VBG 44541 325 12 albumin albumin NN 44541 325 13 by by IN 44541 325 14 synthesis synthesis NN 44541 325 15 from from IN 44541 325 16 carbon carbon NN 44541 325 17 , , , 44541 325 18 water water NN 44541 325 19 , , , 44541 325 20 and and CC 44541 325 21 ammonia ammonia NNP 44541 325 22 . . . 44541 326 1 From from IN 44541 326 2 some some DT 44541 326 3 of of IN 44541 326 4 these these DT 44541 326 5 plasma plasma NN 44541 326 6 - - HYPH 44541 326 7 forming form VBG 44541 326 8 Monera Monera NNP 44541 326 9 arose arise VBD 44541 326 10 the the DT 44541 326 11 plasmophagous plasmophagous JJ 44541 326 12 Zoomonera Zoomonera NNP 44541 326 13 with with IN 44541 326 14 animal animal NN 44541 326 15 metabolism metabolism NN 44541 326 16 , , , 44541 326 17 living live VBG 44541 326 18 directly directly RB 44541 326 19 upon upon IN 44541 326 20 the the DT 44541 326 21 produce produce NN 44541 326 22 of of IN 44541 326 23 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 326 24 plasmodomous plasmodomous JJ 44541 326 25 or or CC 44541 326 26 plasma plasma NN 44541 326 27 - - HYPH 44541 326 28 forming form VBG 44541 326 29 sisters sister NNS 44541 326 30 . . . 44541 327 1 This this DT 44541 327 2 is be VBZ 44541 327 3 the the DT 44541 327 4 first first JJ 44541 327 5 instance instance NN 44541 327 6 of of IN 44541 327 7 the the DT 44541 327 8 great great JJ 44541 327 9 principle principle NN 44541 327 10 of of IN 44541 327 11 division division NN 44541 327 12 of of IN 44541 327 13 labour labour NN 44541 327 14 . . . 44541 328 1 2 2 LS 44541 328 2 . . . 44541 329 1 The the DT 44541 329 2 second second JJ 44541 329 3 stage stage NN 44541 329 4 is be VBZ 44541 329 5 that that DT 44541 329 6 of of IN 44541 329 7 the the DT 44541 329 8 _ _ NNP 44541 329 9 simple simple JJ 44541 329 10 and and CC 44541 329 11 single single JJ 44541 329 12 cell cell NN 44541 329 13 _ _ NNP 44541 329 14 , , , 44541 329 15 a a DT 44541 329 16 bit bit NN 44541 329 17 of of IN 44541 329 18 protoplasm protoplasm NN 44541 329 19 with with IN 44541 329 20 a a DT 44541 329 21 nucleus nucleus NN 44541 329 22 . . . 44541 330 1 Such such JJ 44541 330 2 unicellular unicellular JJ 44541 330 3 organisms organism NNS 44541 330 4 are be VBP 44541 330 5 still still RB 44541 330 6 very very RB 44541 330 7 common common JJ 44541 330 8 . . . 44541 331 1 The the DT 44541 331 2 _ _ NNP 44541 331 3 Amoebæ Amoebæ NNP 44541 331 4 _ _ NNP 44541 331 5 are be VBP 44541 331 6 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 331 7 simplest simple JJS 44541 331 8 representatives representative NNS 44541 331 9 . . . 44541 332 1 The the DT 44541 332 2 morphological morphological JJ 44541 332 3 value value NN 44541 332 4 of of IN 44541 332 5 such such JJ 44541 332 6 beings being NNS 44541 332 7 is be VBZ 44541 332 8 the the DT 44541 332 9 same same JJ 44541 332 10 as as IN 44541 332 11 that that DT 44541 332 12 of of IN 44541 332 13 the the DT 44541 332 14 egg egg NN 44541 332 15 of of IN 44541 332 16 any any DT 44541 332 17 animal animal NN 44541 332 18 . . . 44541 333 1 The the DT 44541 333 2 naked naked JJ 44541 333 3 egg egg NN 44541 333 4 cells cell NNS 44541 333 5 of of IN 44541 333 6 the the DT 44541 333 7 sponges sponge NNS 44541 333 8 creep creep VBP 44541 333 9 about about IN 44541 333 10 in in IN 44541 333 11 an an DT 44541 333 12 amoeboid amoeboid NN 44541 333 13 fashion fashion NN 44541 333 14 , , , 44541 333 15 scarcely scarcely RB 44541 333 16 distinguishable distinguishable JJ 44541 333 17 from from IN 44541 333 18 Amoeba Amoeba NNP 44541 333 19 . . . 44541 334 1 The the DT 44541 334 2 same same JJ 44541 334 3 remark remark NN 44541 334 4 applies apply VBZ 44541 334 5 to to IN 44541 334 6 the the DT 44541 334 7 egg egg NN 44541 334 8 - - HYPH 44541 334 9 cell cell NN 44541 334 10 of of IN 44541 334 11 man man NN 44541 334 12 himself -PRON- PRP 44541 334 13 in in IN 44541 334 14 its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 334 15 early early JJ 44541 334 16 stages stage NNS 44541 334 17 before before IN 44541 334 18 it -PRON- PRP 44541 334 19 is be VBZ 44541 334 20 enclosed enclose VBN 44541 334 21 in in IN 44541 334 22 a a DT 44541 334 23 membrane membrane NN 44541 334 24 . . . 44541 335 1 The the DT 44541 335 2 first first JJ 44541 335 3 unicellular unicellular JJ 44541 335 4 organisms organism NNS 44541 335 5 arose arise VBD 44541 335 6 from from IN 44541 335 7 Monera Monera NNP 44541 335 8 through through IN 44541 335 9 differentiation differentiation NN 44541 335 10 of of IN 44541 335 11 the the DT 44541 335 12 inner inner JJ 44541 335 13 nucleus nucleus NN 44541 335 14 from from IN 44541 335 15 the the DT 44541 335 16 outer outer JJ 44541 335 17 protoplasm protoplasm NN 44541 335 18 . . . 44541 336 1 3 3 LS 44541 336 2 . . . 44541 337 1 Repeated repeat VBN 44541 337 2 division division NN 44541 337 3 of of IN 44541 337 4 the the DT 44541 337 5 unicellular unicellular JJ 44541 337 6 organism organism NN 44541 337 7 produces produce VBZ 44541 337 8 the the DT 44541 337 9 _ _ NNP 44541 337 10 Synamoebium Synamoebium NNP 44541 337 11 _ _ NNP 44541 337 12 , , , 44541 337 13 or or CC 44541 337 14 community community NN 44541 337 15 of of IN 44541 337 16 Amoebæ Amoebæ NNP 44541 337 17 , , , 44541 337 18 provided provide VBD 44541 337 19 the the DT 44541 337 20 divisional divisional JJ 44541 337 21 products product NNS 44541 337 22 , , , 44541 337 23 or or CC 44541 337 24 new new JJ 44541 337 25 generations generation NNS 44541 337 26 of of IN 44541 337 27 the the DT 44541 337 28 original original JJ 44541 337 29 cell cell NN 44541 337 30 , , , 44541 337 31 do do VBP 44541 337 32 not not RB 44541 337 33 scatter scatter VB 44541 337 34 , , , 44541 337 35 but but CC 44541 337 36 remain remain VB 44541 337 37 together together RB 44541 337 38 . . . 44541 338 1 The the DT 44541 338 2 existence existence NN 44541 338 3 of of IN 44541 338 4 such such PDT 44541 338 5 a a DT 44541 338 6 _ _ NNP 44541 338 7 Coenobium Coenobium NNP 44541 338 8 _ _ NNP 44541 338 9 , , , 44541 338 10 a a DT 44541 338 11 number number NN 44541 338 12 of of IN 44541 338 13 equal equal JJ 44541 338 14 and and CC 44541 338 15 only only RB 44541 338 16 loosely loosely RB 44541 338 17 - - HYPH 44541 338 18 connected connect VBN 44541 338 19 cells cell NNS 44541 338 20 , , , 44541 338 21 as as IN 44541 338 22 a a DT 44541 338 23 separate separate JJ 44541 338 24 stage stage NN 44541 338 25 in in IN 44541 338 26 the the DT 44541 338 27 ancestral ancestral JJ 44541 338 28 history history NN 44541 338 29 of of IN 44541 338 30 animals animal NNS 44541 338 31 , , , 44541 338 32 is be VBZ 44541 338 33 made make VBN 44541 338 34 highly highly RB 44541 338 35 probable probable JJ 44541 338 36 by by IN 44541 338 37 the the DT 44541 338 38 fact fact NN 44541 338 39 that that IN 44541 338 40 the the DT 44541 338 41 eggs egg NNS 44541 338 42 of of IN 44541 338 43 all all DT 44541 338 44 animals animal NNS 44541 338 45 undergo undergo VBP 44541 338 46 after after IN 44541 338 47 fertilization fertilization NN 44541 338 48 such such PDT 44541 338 49 a a DT 44541 338 50 process process NN 44541 338 51 of of IN 44541 338 52 repeated repeat VBN 44541 338 53 self self NN 44541 338 54 - - HYPH 44541 338 55 division division NN 44541 338 56 , , , 44541 338 57 or or CC 44541 338 58 ' ' `` 44541 338 59 cleavage cleavage NN 44541 338 60 , , , 44541 338 61 ' ' '' 44541 338 62 until until IN 44541 338 63 the the DT 44541 338 64 single single JJ 44541 338 65 egg egg NN 44541 338 66 cell cell NN 44541 338 67 is be VBZ 44541 338 68 transformed transform VBN 44541 338 69 into into IN 44541 338 70 a a DT 44541 338 71 heap heap NN 44541 338 72 of of IN 44541 338 73 cells cell NNS 44541 338 74 closely closely RB 44541 338 75 packed pack VBN 44541 338 76 together together RB 44541 338 77 , , , 44541 338 78 not not RB 44541 338 79 unlike unlike IN 44541 338 80 a a DT 44541 338 81 mulberry mulberry NN 44541 338 82 ( ( -LRB- 44541 338 83 _ _ NNP 44541 338 84 morula_)--hence morula_)--hence NNP 44541 338 85 _ _ NNP 44541 338 86 morula morula NN 44541 338 87 _ _ NNP 44541 338 88 stage stage NN 44541 338 89 in in IN 44541 338 90 ontogeny ontogeny NN 44541 338 91 . . . 44541 339 1 4 4 LS 44541 339 2 . . . 44541 340 1 The the DT 44541 340 2 morula morula NN 44541 340 3 of of IN 44541 340 4 most most JJS 44541 340 5 animals animal NNS 44541 340 6 further further RB 44541 340 7 changes change NNS 44541 340 8 into into IN 44541 340 9 a a DT 44541 340 10 _ _ NNP 44541 340 11 Blastula Blastula NNP 44541 340 12 _ _ NNP 44541 340 13 , , , 44541 340 14 a a DT 44541 340 15 hollow hollow JJ 44541 340 16 ball ball NN 44541 340 17 filled fill VBN 44541 340 18 with with IN 44541 340 19 fluid fluid NN 44541 340 20 , , , 44541 340 21 the the DT 44541 340 22 wall wall NN 44541 340 23 being be VBG 44541 340 24 formed form VBN 44541 340 25 by by IN 44541 340 26 a a DT 44541 340 27 single single JJ 44541 340 28 layer layer NN 44541 340 29 of of IN 44541 340 30 cells cell NNS 44541 340 31 , , , 44541 340 32 the the DT 44541 340 33 blastoderm blastoderm NNP 44541 340 34 or or CC 44541 340 35 germinal germinal JJ 44541 340 36 layer layer NN 44541 340 37 . . . 44541 341 1 This this DT 44541 341 2 modification modification NN 44541 341 3 is be VBZ 44541 341 4 brought bring VBN 44541 341 5 about about RP 44541 341 6 by by IN 44541 341 7 the the DT 44541 341 8 action action NN 44541 341 9 of of IN 44541 341 10 the the DT 44541 341 11 cells cell NNS 44541 341 12 -- -- : 44541 341 13 they -PRON- PRP 44541 341 14 conveying convey VBG 44541 341 15 nourishing nourish VBG 44541 341 16 fluid fluid NN 44541 341 17 into into IN 44541 341 18 the the DT 44541 341 19 interior interior NN 44541 341 20 of of IN 44541 341 21 the the DT 44541 341 22 whole whole JJ 44541 341 23 cell cell NN 44541 341 24 colony colony NN 44541 341 25 and and CC 44541 341 26 thereby thereby RB 44541 341 27 being be VBG 44541 341 28 themselves -PRON- PRP 44541 341 29 forced force VBN 44541 341 30 towards towards IN 44541 341 31 the the DT 44541 341 32 surface surface NN 44541 341 33 . . . 44541 342 1 The the DT 44541 342 2 Blastula Blastula NNP 44541 342 3 of of IN 44541 342 4 most most JJS 44541 342 5 Invertebrata Invertebrata NNP 44541 342 6 , , , 44541 342 7 and and CC 44541 342 8 even even RB 44541 342 9 that that DT 44541 342 10 of of IN 44541 342 11 Amphioxus Amphioxus NNP 44541 342 12 , , , 44541 342 13 is be VBZ 44541 342 14 possessed possess VBN 44541 342 15 of of IN 44541 342 16 fine fine JJ 44541 342 17 ciliæ ciliæ NNP 44541 342 18 , , , 44541 342 19 or or CC 44541 342 20 hair hair NN 44541 342 21 - - HYPH 44541 342 22 like like JJ 44541 342 23 processes process NNS 44541 342 24 , , , 44541 342 25 the the DT 44541 342 26 vibrating vibrate VBG 44541 342 27 motion motion NN 44541 342 28 of of IN 44541 342 29 which which WDT 44541 342 30 causes cause VBZ 44541 342 31 the the DT 44541 342 32 whole whole JJ 44541 342 33 organism organism NN 44541 342 34 to to TO 44541 342 35 rotate rotate VB 44541 342 36 and and CC 44541 342 37 advance advance VB 44541 342 38 in in IN 44541 342 39 the the DT 44541 342 40 water water NN 44541 342 41 . . . 44541 343 1 Living live VBG 44541 343 2 representatives representative NNS 44541 343 3 of of IN 44541 343 4 such such JJ 44541 343 5 Blastæads Blastæads NNP 44541 343 6 , , , 44541 343 7 namely namely RB 44541 343 8 , , , 44541 343 9 globular globular JJ 44541 343 10 gelatinous gelatinous JJ 44541 343 11 colonies colony NNS 44541 343 12 of of IN 44541 343 13 cells cell NNS 44541 343 14 enclosing enclose VBG 44541 343 15 a a DT 44541 343 16 cavity cavity NN 44541 343 17 , , , 44541 343 18 are be VBP 44541 343 19 Volvox Volvox NNP 44541 343 20 and and CC 44541 343 21 Magosphæra Magosphæra NNP 44541 343 22 . . . 44541 344 1 5 5 CD 44541 344 2 . . . 44541 345 1 The the DT 44541 345 2 Blastula Blastula NNP 44541 345 3 of of IN 44541 345 4 most most JJS 44541 345 5 animals animal NNS 44541 345 6 assumes assume VBZ 44541 345 7 a a DT 44541 345 8 new new JJ 44541 345 9 larval larval NN 44541 345 10 form form NN 44541 345 11 called call VBN 44541 345 12 _ _ NNP 44541 345 13 Gastrula Gastrula NNP 44541 345 14 _ _ NNP 44541 345 15 , , , 44541 345 16 in in IN 44541 345 17 which which WDT 44541 345 18 the the DT 44541 345 19 essential essential JJ 44541 345 20 characteristics characteristic NNS 44541 345 21 are be VBP 44541 345 22 that that IN 44541 345 23 a a DT 44541 345 24 portion portion NN 44541 345 25 of of IN 44541 345 26 the the DT 44541 345 27 blastoderm blastoderm NNP 44541 345 28 by by IN 44541 345 29 invagination invagination NN 44541 345 30 converts convert VBZ 44541 345 31 the the DT 44541 345 32 Blastula Blastula NNP 44541 345 33 into into IN 44541 345 34 a a DT 44541 345 35 cup cup NN 44541 345 36 with with IN 44541 345 37 double double JJ 44541 345 38 walls wall NNS 44541 345 39 , , , 44541 345 40 enclosing enclose VBG 44541 345 41 a a DT 44541 345 42 new new JJ 44541 345 43 cavity cavity NN 44541 345 44 , , , 44541 345 45 the the DT 44541 345 46 primitive primitive JJ 44541 345 47 gut gut NN 44541 345 48 . . . 44541 346 1 This this DT 44541 346 2 invagination invagination NN 44541 346 3 or or CC 44541 346 4 bulging bulge VBG 44541 346 5 - - HYPH 44541 346 6 in in RP 44541 346 7 obliterates obliterate NNS 44541 346 8 the the DT 44541 346 9 original original JJ 44541 346 10 inner inner JJ 44541 346 11 cavity cavity NN 44541 346 12 of of IN 44541 346 13 the the DT 44541 346 14 Blastula Blastula NNP 44541 346 15 . . . 44541 347 1 The the DT 44541 347 2 outer outer JJ 44541 347 3 layer layer NN 44541 347 4 of of IN 44541 347 5 the the DT 44541 347 6 Gastrula Gastrula NNP 44541 347 7 is be VBZ 44541 347 8 the the DT 44541 347 9 ectoderm ectoderm NN 44541 347 10 , , , 44541 347 11 the the DT 44541 347 12 inner inner JJ 44541 347 13 the the DT 44541 347 14 endoderm endoderm NN 44541 347 15 ; ; : 44541 347 16 both both DT 44541 347 17 pass pass VBP 44541 347 18 into into IN 44541 347 19 each each DT 44541 347 20 other other JJ 44541 347 21 at at IN 44541 347 22 the the DT 44541 347 23 blastoporus blastoporus NN 44541 347 24 , , , 44541 347 25 or or CC 44541 347 26 opening opening NN 44541 347 27 of of IN 44541 347 28 the the DT 44541 347 29 gut gut NN 44541 347 30 cavity cavity NN 44541 347 31 . . . 44541 348 1 The the DT 44541 348 2 Gastrula Gastrula NNP 44541 348 3 is be VBZ 44541 348 4 a a DT 44541 348 5 stage stage NN 44541 348 6 in in IN 44541 348 7 the the DT 44541 348 8 embryonic embryonic JJ 44541 348 9 development development NN 44541 348 10 of of IN 44541 348 11 the the DT 44541 348 12 various various JJ 44541 348 13 great great JJ 44541 348 14 groups group NNS 44541 348 15 of of IN 44541 348 16 animals animal NNS 44541 348 17 , , , 44541 348 18 and and CC 44541 348 19 some some DT 44541 348 20 such such JJ 44541 348 21 primitive primitive JJ 44541 348 22 form form NN 44541 348 23 as as IN 44541 348 24 ancestral ancestral JJ 44541 348 25 to to IN 44541 348 26 all all DT 44541 348 27 Metazoa Metazoa NNP 44541 348 28 is be VBZ 44541 348 29 thus thus RB 44541 348 30 indicated indicate VBN 44541 348 31 . . . 44541 349 1 This this DT 44541 349 2 hypothetical hypothetical JJ 44541 349 3 _ _ NNP 44541 349 4 Gastræa Gastræa NNP 44541 349 5 _ _ NNP 44541 349 6 is be VBZ 44541 349 7 still still RB 44541 349 8 very very RB 44541 349 9 essentially essentially RB 44541 349 10 represented represent VBN 44541 349 11 by by IN 44541 349 12 the the DT 44541 349 13 lower low JJR 44541 349 14 Coelenterates--_e.g Coelenterates--_e.g NNP 44541 349 15 . . . 44541 349 16 _ _ NNP 44541 349 17 , , , 44541 349 18 Olynthus Olynthus NNP 44541 349 19 , , , 44541 349 20 Hydra Hydra NNP 44541 349 21 . . . 44541 350 1 6 6 CD 44541 350 2 . . . 44541 351 1 The the DT 44541 351 2 sixth sixth JJ 44541 351 3 stage stage NN 44541 351 4 -- -- : 44541 351 5 that that DT 44541 351 6 of of IN 44541 351 7 the the DT 44541 351 8 _ _ NNP 44541 351 9 Platodes Platodes NNPS 44541 351 10 _ _ NNP 44541 351 11 , , , 44541 351 12 or or CC 44541 351 13 flat flat JJ 44541 351 14 - - HYPH 44541 351 15 worms worm NNS 44541 351 16 -- -- : 44541 351 17 is be VBZ 44541 351 18 very very RB 44541 351 19 hypothetical hypothetical JJ 44541 351 20 . . . 44541 352 1 They -PRON- PRP 44541 352 2 are be VBP 44541 352 3 bilateral bilateral JJ 44541 352 4 gastræads gastræad NNS 44541 352 5 , , , 44541 352 6 with with IN 44541 352 7 a a DT 44541 352 8 flattened flattened JJ 44541 352 9 oblong oblong JJ 44541 352 10 body body NN 44541 352 11 , , , 44541 352 12 furnished furnish VBN 44541 352 13 with with IN 44541 352 14 ciliæ ciliæ NNP 44541 352 15 , , , 44541 352 16 with with IN 44541 352 17 a a DT 44541 352 18 primitive primitive JJ 44541 352 19 nervous nervous JJ 44541 352 20 system system NN 44541 352 21 , , , 44541 352 22 simple simple JJ 44541 352 23 sensory sensory JJ 44541 352 24 and and CC 44541 352 25 reproductive reproductive JJ 44541 352 26 organs organ NNS 44541 352 27 , , , 44541 352 28 but but CC 44541 352 29 still still RB 44541 352 30 without without IN 44541 352 31 appendages appendage NNS 44541 352 32 , , , 44541 352 33 body body NN 44541 352 34 cavity cavity NN 44541 352 35 , , , 44541 352 36 vent vent NN 44541 352 37 , , , 44541 352 38 and and CC 44541 352 39 blood blood NN 44541 352 40 - - HYPH 44541 352 41 vessels vessel NNS 44541 352 42 . . . 44541 353 1 The the DT 44541 353 2 nearest near JJS 44541 353 3 living live VBG 44541 353 4 representatives representative NNS 44541 353 5 of of IN 44541 353 6 such such JJ 44541 353 7 creatures creature NNS 44541 353 8 are be VBP 44541 353 9 the the DT 44541 353 10 acoelous acoelous JJ 44541 353 11 Turbellarians--_e.g Turbellarians--_e.g NNP 44541 353 12 . . . 44541 353 13 _ _ NNP 44541 353 14 , , , 44541 353 15 Convoluta Convoluta NNP 44541 353 16 , , , 44541 353 17 a a DT 44541 353 18 free free JJ 44541 353 19 - - HYPH 44541 353 20 swimming swimming NN 44541 353 21 , , , 44541 353 22 ciliated ciliate VBN 44541 353 23 creature creature NN 44541 353 24 . . . 44541 354 1 7 7 LS 44541 354 2 . . . 44541 355 1 The the DT 44541 355 2 next next JJ 44541 355 3 higher high JJR 44541 355 4 stage stage NN 44541 355 5 is be VBZ 44541 355 6 represented represent VBN 44541 355 7 by by IN 44541 355 8 such such JJ 44541 355 9 low low JJ 44541 355 10 animals animal NNS 44541 355 11 as as IN 44541 355 12 the the DT 44541 355 13 _ _ NNP 44541 355 14 Gastrotricha_--_e.g Gastrotricha_--_e.g NNP 44541 355 15 . . . 44541 355 16 _ _ NNP 44541 355 17 , , , 44541 355 18 Chætonotus Chætonotus NNP 44541 355 19 among among IN 44541 355 20 the the DT 44541 355 21 Rotatoria Rotatoria NNP 44541 355 22 , , , 44541 355 23 which which WDT 44541 355 24 differ differ VBP 44541 355 25 from from IN 44541 355 26 the the DT 44541 355 27 rhabdocoelous rhabdocoelous JJ 44541 355 28 Turbellarians Turbellarians NNPS 44541 355 29 chiefly chiefly RB 44541 355 30 by by IN 44541 355 31 the the DT 44541 355 32 formation formation NN 44541 355 33 of of IN 44541 355 34 a a DT 44541 355 35 vent vent NN 44541 355 36 and and CC 44541 355 37 the the DT 44541 355 38 beginnings beginning NNS 44541 355 39 of of IN 44541 355 40 a a DT 44541 355 41 coelom coelom NN 44541 355 42 , , , 44541 355 43 or or CC 44541 355 44 cavity cavity NN 44541 355 45 , , , 44541 355 46 between between IN 44541 355 47 gut gut NN 44541 355 48 and and CC 44541 355 49 body body NN 44541 355 50 wall wall NN 44541 355 51 . . . 44541 356 1 The the DT 44541 356 2 addition addition NN 44541 356 3 of of IN 44541 356 4 a a DT 44541 356 5 primitive primitive JJ 44541 356 6 vascular vascular JJ 44541 356 7 system system NN 44541 356 8 and and CC 44541 356 9 a a DT 44541 356 10 pair pair NN 44541 356 11 of of IN 44541 356 12 nephridia nephridia NN 44541 356 13 , , , 44541 356 14 or or CC 44541 356 15 excretory excretory NN 44541 356 16 organs organ NNS 44541 356 17 , , , 44541 356 18 is be VBZ 44541 356 19 first first RB 44541 356 20 met meet VBN 44541 356 21 with with IN 44541 356 22 in in IN 44541 356 23 the the DT 44541 356 24 _ _ NNP 44541 356 25 Nemertines Nemertines NNP 44541 356 26 _ _ NNP 44541 356 27 . . . 44541 357 1 8 8 LS 44541 357 2 . . . 44541 358 1 These these DT 44541 358 2 , , , 44541 358 3 together together RB 44541 358 4 with with IN 44541 358 5 the the DT 44541 358 6 _ _ NNP 44541 358 7 Enteropneusta Enteropneusta NNP 44541 358 8 _ _ NNP 44541 358 9 ( ( -LRB- 44541 358 10 Balanoglossus Balanoglossus NNP 44541 358 11 ) ) -RRB- 44541 358 12 , , , 44541 358 13 are be VBP 44541 358 14 comprised comprise VBN 44541 358 15 under under IN 44541 358 16 the the DT 44541 358 17 name name NN 44541 358 18 of of IN 44541 358 19 Frontonia Frontonia NNP 44541 358 20 , , , 44541 358 21 or or CC 44541 358 22 Rhynchelminthes Rhynchelminthes NNP 44541 358 23 , , , 44541 358 24 and and CC 44541 358 25 form form VB 44541 358 26 the the DT 44541 358 27 highest high JJS 44541 358 28 group group NN 44541 358 29 of of IN 44541 358 30 the the DT 44541 358 31 Vermalia Vermalia NNP 44541 358 32 . . . 44541 359 1 The the DT 44541 359 2 Enteropneusta Enteropneusta NNP 44541 359 3 especially especially RB 44541 359 4 fix fix VBP 44541 359 5 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 359 6 attention attention NN 44541 359 7 , , , 44541 359 8 because because IN 44541 359 9 they -PRON- PRP 44541 359 10 alone alone RB 44541 359 11 , , , 44541 359 12 although although IN 44541 359 13 essentially essentially RB 44541 359 14 ' ' `` 44541 359 15 worms worm NNS 44541 359 16 , , , 44541 359 17 ' ' '' 44541 359 18 exhibit exhibit VB 44541 359 19 certain certain JJ 44541 359 20 characteristics characteristic NNS 44541 359 21 which which WDT 44541 359 22 make make VBP 44541 359 23 it -PRON- PRP 44541 359 24 possible possible JJ 44541 359 25 to to TO 44541 359 26 bridge bridge VB 44541 359 27 over over IN 44541 359 28 the the DT 44541 359 29 gulf gulf NN 44541 359 30 which which WDT 44541 359 31 still still RB 44541 359 32 separates separate VBZ 44541 359 33 the the DT 44541 359 34 Invertebrata Invertebrata NNP 44541 359 35 from from IN 44541 359 36 the the DT 44541 359 37 vertebrate vertebrate NN 44541 359 38 phylum phylum NN 44541 359 39 . . . 44541 360 1 The the DT 44541 360 2 anterior anterior JJ 44541 360 3 portion portion NN 44541 360 4 of of IN 44541 360 5 the the DT 44541 360 6 gut gut NN 44541 360 7 is be VBZ 44541 360 8 transformed transform VBN 44541 360 9 into into IN 44541 360 10 a a DT 44541 360 11 breathing breathing NN 44541 360 12 apparatus apparatus NN 44541 360 13 -- -- : 44541 360 14 hence hence RB 44541 360 15 Gegenbaur Gegenbaur NNP 44541 360 16 's 's POS 44541 360 17 term term NN 44541 360 18 of of IN 44541 360 19 Enteropneusta Enteropneusta NNP 44541 360 20 , , , 44541 360 21 or or CC 44541 360 22 Gut Gut NNP 44541 360 23 - - HYPH 44541 360 24 breathers breather NNS 44541 360 25 . . . 44541 361 1 Moreover moreover RB 44541 361 2 , , , 44541 361 3 Balanoglossus Balanoglossus NNP 44541 361 4 and and CC 44541 361 5 Cephalodiscus Cephalodiscus NNP 44541 361 6 possess possess VBP 44541 361 7 another another DT 44541 361 8 modification modification NN 44541 361 9 of of IN 44541 361 10 the the DT 44541 361 11 gut gut NN 44541 361 12 -- -- : 44541 361 13 namely namely RB 44541 361 14 , , , 44541 361 15 a a DT 44541 361 16 peculiar peculiar JJ 44541 361 17 diverticulum diverticulum NN 44541 361 18 , , , 44541 361 19 which which WDT 44541 361 20 , , , 44541 361 21 in in IN 44541 361 22 the the DT 44541 361 23 present present JJ 44541 361 24 state state NN 44541 361 25 of of IN 44541 361 26 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 361 27 knowledge knowledge NN 44541 361 28 , , , 44541 361 29 may may MD 44541 361 30 be be VB 44541 361 31 looked look VBN 44541 361 32 upon upon IN 44541 361 33 as as IN 44541 361 34 the the DT 44541 361 35 forerunner forerunner NN 44541 361 36 of of IN 44541 361 37 the the DT 44541 361 38 chorda chorda NN 44541 361 39 dorsalis dorsalis NNP 44541 361 40 . . . 44541 362 1 9 9 CD 44541 362 2 . . . 44541 363 1 Stage stage NN 44541 363 2 of of IN 44541 363 3 _ _ NNP 44541 363 4 Prochordonia Prochordonia NNP 44541 363 5 _ _ NNP 44541 363 6 , , , 44541 363 7 as as IN 44541 363 8 indicated indicate VBN 44541 363 9 by by IN 44541 363 10 the the DT 44541 363 11 larval larval NN 44541 363 12 form form NN 44541 363 13 , , , 44541 363 14 called call VBN 44541 363 15 Chordula Chordula NNP 44541 363 16 , , , 44541 363 17 which which WDT 44541 363 18 is be VBZ 44541 363 19 common common JJ 44541 363 20 to to IN 44541 363 21 the the DT 44541 363 22 Tunicata Tunicata NNP 44541 363 23 and and CC 44541 363 24 all all PDT 44541 363 25 the the DT 44541 363 26 Vertebrata Vertebrata NNP 44541 363 27 . . . 44541 364 1 These these DT 44541 364 2 two two CD 44541 364 3 groups group NNS 44541 364 4 possess possess VBP 44541 364 5 three three CD 44541 364 6 most most RBS 44541 364 7 important important JJ 44541 364 8 features feature NNS 44541 364 9 : : : 44541 364 10 ( ( -LRB- 44541 364 11 _ _ NNP 44541 364 12 a a DT 44541 364 13 _ _ NNP 44541 364 14 ) ) -RRB- 44541 364 15 A a DT 44541 364 16 chorda chorda NN 44541 364 17 dorsalis dorsalis NN 44541 364 18 , , , 44541 364 19 a a DT 44541 364 20 stiff stiff JJ 44541 364 21 rod rod NN 44541 364 22 lying lie VBG 44541 364 23 in in IN 44541 364 24 the the DT 44541 364 25 long long JJ 44541 364 26 axis axis NN 44541 364 27 of of IN 44541 364 28 the the DT 44541 364 29 body body NN 44541 364 30 , , , 44541 364 31 dorsally dorsally RB 44541 364 32 from from IN 44541 364 33 the the DT 44541 364 34 gut gut NN 44541 364 35 and and CC 44541 364 36 below below IN 44541 364 37 the the DT 44541 364 38 central central JJ 44541 364 39 nervous nervous JJ 44541 364 40 system system NN 44541 364 41 . . . 44541 365 1 This this DT 44541 365 2 latter latter JJ 44541 365 3 , , , 44541 365 4 for for IN 44541 365 5 the the DT 44541 365 6 first first JJ 44541 365 7 time time NN 44541 365 8 in in IN 44541 365 9 the the DT 44541 365 10 animal animal NN 44541 365 11 kingdom kingdom NN 44541 365 12 , , , 44541 365 13 appears appear VBZ 44541 365 14 in in IN 44541 365 15 the the DT 44541 365 16 shape shape NN 44541 365 17 of of IN 44541 365 18 a a DT 44541 365 19 spinal spinal JJ 44541 365 20 cord cord NN 44541 365 21 . . . 44541 366 1 ( ( -LRB- 44541 366 2 _ _ NNP 44541 366 3 b b NNP 44541 366 4 _ _ NNP 44541 366 5 ) ) -RRB- 44541 366 6 The the DT 44541 366 7 use use NN 44541 366 8 of of IN 44541 366 9 the the DT 44541 366 10 anterior anterior JJ 44541 366 11 portion portion NN 44541 366 12 of of IN 44541 366 13 the the DT 44541 366 14 gut gut NN 44541 366 15 for for IN 44541 366 16 respiratory respiratory JJ 44541 366 17 purposes purpose NNS 44541 366 18 . . . 44541 367 1 ( ( -LRB- 44541 367 2 _ _ NNP 44541 367 3 c c NNP 44541 367 4 _ _ NNP 44541 367 5 ) ) -RRB- 44541 367 6 The the DT 44541 367 7 larval larval NN 44541 367 8 development development NN 44541 367 9 of of IN 44541 367 10 the the DT 44541 367 11 Tunicata Tunicata NNP 44541 367 12 is be VBZ 44541 367 13 essentially essentially RB 44541 367 14 the the DT 44541 367 15 same same JJ 44541 367 16 as as IN 44541 367 17 that that DT 44541 367 18 of of IN 44541 367 19 the the DT 44541 367 20 Vertebrata Vertebrata NNP 44541 367 21 in in IN 44541 367 22 its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 367 23 early early JJ 44541 367 24 stages stage NNS 44541 367 25 . . . 44541 368 1 Only only RB 44541 368 2 the the DT 44541 368 3 free free JJ 44541 368 4 - - HYPH 44541 368 5 swimming swim VBG 44541 368 6 Copelata Copelata NNP 44541 368 7 or or CC 44541 368 8 Appendicularia Appendicularia NNP 44541 368 9 among among IN 44541 368 10 the the DT 44541 368 11 Tunicates Tunicates NNPS 44541 368 12 retain retain VBP 44541 368 13 most most JJS 44541 368 14 of of IN 44541 368 15 these these DT 44541 368 16 features feature NNS 44541 368 17 . . . 44541 369 1 The the DT 44541 369 2 others other NNS 44541 369 3 , , , 44541 369 4 which which WDT 44541 369 5 become become VBP 44541 369 6 sessile sessile NN 44541 369 7 -- -- : 44541 369 8 namely namely RB 44541 369 9 , , , 44541 369 10 the the DT 44541 369 11 Ascidiæ Ascidiæ NNP 44541 369 12 , , , 44541 369 13 or or CC 44541 369 14 sea sea NN 44541 369 15 - - HYPH 44541 369 16 squirts squirt NNS 44541 369 17 -- -- : 44541 369 18 degenerate degenerate VBP 44541 369 19 and and CC 44541 369 20 specialize specialize VB 44541 369 21 away away RB 44541 369 22 from from IN 44541 369 23 the the DT 44541 369 24 main main JJ 44541 369 25 line line NN 44541 369 26 . . . 44541 370 1 10 10 CD 44541 370 2 . . . 44541 371 1 Stage stage NN 44541 371 2 of of IN 44541 371 3 the the DT 44541 371 4 _ _ NNP 44541 371 5 Acrania Acrania NNP 44541 371 6 _ _ NNP 44541 371 7 , , , 44541 371 8 represented represent VBN 44541 371 9 by by IN 44541 371 10 Amphioxus Amphioxus NNP 44541 371 11 . . . 44541 372 1 The the DT 44541 372 2 early early JJ 44541 372 3 development development NN 44541 372 4 of of IN 44541 372 5 this this DT 44541 372 6 little little JJ 44541 372 7 marine marine JJ 44541 372 8 creature creature NN 44541 372 9 agrees agree VBZ 44541 372 10 closely closely RB 44541 372 11 with with IN 44541 372 12 that that DT 44541 372 13 of of IN 44541 372 14 the the DT 44541 372 15 Tunicates Tunicates NNPS 44541 372 16 ; ; : 44541 372 17 but but CC 44541 372 18 one one CD 44541 372 19 important important JJ 44541 372 20 feature feature NN 44541 372 21 is be VBZ 44541 372 22 added add VBN 44541 372 23 to to IN 44541 372 24 its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 372 25 organization organization NN 44541 372 26 -- -- : 44541 372 27 namely namely RB 44541 372 28 , , , 44541 372 29 metamerism metamerism NNP 44541 372 30 , , , 44541 372 31 segmentally segmentally RB 44541 372 32 arranged arrange VBD 44541 372 33 mesoderm mesoderm NN 44541 372 34 . . . 44541 373 1 Amphioxus Amphioxus NNP 44541 373 2 still still RB 44541 373 3 possesses possess VBZ 44541 373 4 neither neither CC 44541 373 5 skull skull NN 44541 373 6 nor nor CC 44541 373 7 vertebræ vertebræ NN 44541 373 8 , , , 44541 373 9 neither neither CC 44541 373 10 ribs rib NNS 44541 373 11 nor nor CC 44541 373 12 jaws jaw NNS 44541 373 13 , , , 44541 373 14 and and CC 44541 373 15 no no DT 44541 373 16 limbs limb NNS 44541 373 17 . . . 44541 374 1 But but CC 44541 374 2 it -PRON- PRP 44541 374 3 is be VBZ 44541 374 4 a a DT 44541 374 5 member member NN 44541 374 6 of of IN 44541 374 7 the the DT 44541 374 8 Vertebrata Vertebrata NNP 44541 374 9 if if IN 44541 374 10 we -PRON- PRP 44541 374 11 define define VBP 44541 374 12 these these DT 44541 374 13 as as IN 44541 374 14 follows follow VBZ 44541 374 15 : : : 44541 374 16 Bilateral bilateral JJ 44541 374 17 symmetrical symmetrical JJ 44541 374 18 animals animal NNS 44541 374 19 with with IN 44541 374 20 segmentally segmentally RB 44541 374 21 arranged arrange VBN 44541 374 22 mesoderm mesoderm NN 44541 374 23 , , , 44541 374 24 with with IN 44541 374 25 a a DT 44541 374 26 chorda chorda NN 44541 374 27 dorsalis dorsalis NNP 44541 374 28 between between IN 44541 374 29 the the DT 44541 374 30 tubular tubular JJ 44541 374 31 nervous nervous JJ 44541 374 32 system system NN 44541 374 33 and and CC 44541 374 34 the the DT 44541 374 35 gut gut NN 44541 374 36 , , , 44541 374 37 and and CC 44541 374 38 with with IN 44541 374 39 respiratory respiratory JJ 44541 374 40 organs organ NNS 44541 374 41 which which WDT 44541 374 42 arise arise VBP 44541 374 43 from from IN 44541 374 44 the the DT 44541 374 45 anterior anterior JJ 44541 374 46 portion portion NN 44541 374 47 of of IN 44541 374 48 the the DT 44541 374 49 gut gut NN 44541 374 50 . . . 44541 375 1 We -PRON- PRP 44541 375 2 do do VBP 44541 375 3 not not RB 44541 375 4 assume assume VB 44541 375 5 that that IN 44541 375 6 Amphioxus Amphioxus NNP 44541 375 7 stands stand VBZ 44541 375 8 in in IN 44541 375 9 the the DT 44541 375 10 direct direct JJ 44541 375 11 ancestral ancestral JJ 44541 375 12 line line NN 44541 375 13 ; ; : 44541 375 14 it -PRON- PRP 44541 375 15 is be VBZ 44541 375 16 probably probably RB 44541 375 17 much much RB 44541 375 18 specialized specialized JJ 44541 375 19 , , , 44541 375 20 partly partly RB 44541 375 21 degenerated degenerate VBD 44541 375 22 , , , 44541 375 23 and and CC 44541 375 24 represents represent VBZ 44541 375 25 a a DT 44541 375 26 side side NN 44541 375 27 - - HYPH 44541 375 28 branch branch NN 44541 375 29 ; ; : 44541 375 30 but but CC 44541 375 31 it -PRON- PRP 44541 375 32 is be VBZ 44541 375 33 , , , 44541 375 34 nevertheless nevertheless RB 44541 375 35 , , , 44541 375 36 the the DT 44541 375 37 only only JJ 44541 375 38 creature creature NN 44541 375 39 , , , 44541 375 40 hitherto hitherto NNP 44541 375 41 known know VBN 44541 375 42 , , , 44541 375 43 which which WDT 44541 375 44 satisfactorily satisfactorily RB 44541 375 45 connects connect VBZ 44541 375 46 the the DT 44541 375 47 Vertebrata Vertebrata NNP 44541 375 48 with with IN 44541 375 49 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 375 50 invertebrate invertebrate JJ 44541 375 51 ancestors ancestor NNS 44541 375 52 . . . 44541 376 1 Many many JJ 44541 376 2 other other JJ 44541 376 3 efforts effort NNS 44541 376 4 have have VBP 44541 376 5 been be VBN 44541 376 6 made make VBN 44541 376 7 to to TO 44541 376 8 solve solve VB 44541 376 9 the the DT 44541 376 10 mystery mystery NN 44541 376 11 of of IN 44541 376 12 the the DT 44541 376 13 origin origin NN 44541 376 14 of of IN 44541 376 15 the the DT 44541 376 16 Vertebrata Vertebrata NNP 44541 376 17 -- -- : 44541 376 18 all all DT 44541 376 19 less less RBR 44541 376 20 satisfactory satisfactory JJ 44541 376 21 than than IN 44541 376 22 the the DT 44541 376 23 present present JJ 44541 376 24 suggestion suggestion NN 44541 376 25 , , , 44541 376 26 or or CC 44541 376 27 even even RB 44541 376 28 absolutely absolutely RB 44541 376 29 futile futile JJ 44541 376 30 . . . 44541 377 1 This this DT 44541 377 2 remark remark NN 44541 377 3 applies apply VBZ 44541 377 4 especially especially RB 44541 377 5 to to IN 44541 377 6 the the DT 44541 377 7 attempts attempt NNS 44541 377 8 to to TO 44541 377 9 derive derive VB 44541 377 10 them -PRON- PRP 44541 377 11 from from IN 44541 377 12 either either DT 44541 377 13 Articulata Articulata NNP 44541 377 14 or or CC 44541 377 15 Echinoderms Echinoderms NNPS 44541 377 16 . . . 44541 378 1 The the DT 44541 378 2 other other JJ 44541 378 3 great great JJ 44541 378 4 and and CC 44541 378 5 highly highly RB 44541 378 6 developed developed JJ 44541 378 7 phylum phylum NN 44541 378 8 , , , 44541 378 9 the the DT 44541 378 10 Mollusca Mollusca NNP 44541 378 11 , , , 44541 378 12 is be VBZ 44541 378 13 quite quite RB 44541 378 14 out out IN 44541 378 15 of of IN 44541 378 16 the the DT 44541 378 17 question question NN 44541 378 18 . . . 44541 379 1 We -PRON- PRP 44541 379 2 have have VBP 44541 379 3 to to TO 44541 379 4 go go VB 44541 379 5 back back RB 44541 379 6 to to IN 44541 379 7 a a DT 44541 379 8 level level NN 44541 379 9 at at IN 44541 379 10 which which WDT 44541 379 11 all all PDT 44541 379 12 these these DT 44541 379 13 principal principal JJ 44541 379 14 phyla phyla NN 44541 379 15 meet meet VB 44541 379 16 , , , 44541 379 17 and and CC 44541 379 18 there there RB 44541 379 19 we -PRON- PRP 44541 379 20 find find VBP 44541 379 21 the the DT 44541 379 22 Vermalia Vermalia NNP 44541 379 23 , , , 44541 379 24 the the DT 44541 379 25 lower low JJR 44541 379 26 of of IN 44541 379 27 which which WDT 44541 379 28 alone alone RB 44541 379 29 permit permit VBP 44541 379 30 connection connection NN 44541 379 31 in in IN 44541 379 32 an an DT 44541 379 33 upward upward JJ 44541 379 34 direction direction NN 44541 379 35 with with IN 44541 379 36 the the DT 44541 379 37 higher high JJR 44541 379 38 phyla phylum NNS 44541 379 39 . . . 44541 380 1 ANCESTRAL ancestral JJ 44541 380 2 TREE tree NN 44541 380 3 OF of IN 44541 380 4 THE the DT 44541 380 5 VERTEBRATA VERTEBRATA NNP 44541 380 6 . . . 44541 381 1 _ _ NNP 44541 381 2 Abridged abridge VBN 44541 381 3 from from IN 44541 381 4 ' ' '' 44541 381 5 Systemat systemat NN 44541 381 6 . . . 44541 382 1 Phylogenie Phylogenie NNP 44541 382 2 , , , 44541 382 3 ' ' '' 44541 382 4 § § CD 44541 382 5 15 15 CD 44541 382 6 . . . 44541 382 7 _ _ NNP 44541 382 8 Names Names NNPS 44541 382 9 underlined underline VBD 44541 382 10 refer refer NN 44541 382 11 to to IN 44541 382 12 hypothetical hypothetical JJ 44541 382 13 groups group NNS 44541 382 14 . . . 44541 383 1 _ _ NNP 44541 383 2 Mammalia Mammalia NNP 44541 383 3 _ _ NNP 44541 383 4 _ _ NNP 44541 383 5 Aves Aves NNP 44541 383 6 _ _ NNP 44541 383 7 | | NNP 44541 383 8 | | NNP 44541 383 9 _ _ NNP 44541 383 10 Reptilia Reptilia NNP 44541 383 11 _ _ NNP 44541 383 12 | | NNP 44541 383 13 | | NNP 44541 383 14 | | CD 44541 383 15 | | CD 44541 383 16 + + CC 44541 383 17 ----------------+ ----------------+ NN 44541 383 18 | | NNP 44541 383 19 | | NNP 44541 383 20 | | CD 44541 383 21 + + CC 44541 383 22 --------------+ --------------+ NN 44541 383 23 | | NNP 44541 383 24 _ _ NNP 44541 383 25 Proreptilia Proreptilia NNP 44541 383 26 _ _ NNP 44541 383 27 | | NNP 44541 383 28 _ _ NNP 44541 383 29 Amphibia Amphibia NNP 44541 383 30 _ _ NNP 44541 383 31 _ _ NNP 44541 383 32 Pisces Pisces NNPS 44541 383 33 _ _ NNP 44541 383 34 | | NNP 44541 383 35 | | NNP 44541 383 36 | | CD 44541 383 37 | | CD 44541 383 38 + + CC 44541 383 39 ----------+ ----------+ NN 44541 383 40 | | NNP 44541 383 41 | | NNP 44541 383 42 | | CD 44541 383 43 | | CD 44541 383 44 | | CD 44541 383 45 | | CD 44541 383 46 _ _ NNP 44541 383 47 Dipnoi Dipnoi NNP 44541 383 48 _ _ NNP 44541 383 49 | | NNP 44541 383 50 _ _ NNP 44541 383 51 Stegocephali Stegocephali NNP 44541 383 52 _ _ NNP 44541 383 53 | | NNP 44541 383 54 | | NNP 44541 383 55 | | CD 44541 383 56 | | CD 44541 383 57 | | CD 44541 383 58 + + CC 44541 383 59 ---------------+ ---------------+ NNP 44541 383 60 | | NNP 44541 383 61 | | NNP 44541 383 62 + + CC 44541 383 63 ---------------+ ---------------+ HYPH 44541 383 64 | | NNP 44541 383 65 _ _ NNP 44541 383 66 Cyclostomata Cyclostomata NNP 44541 383 67 _ _ NNP 44541 383 68 _ _ NNP 44541 383 69 Proselachii Proselachii NNP 44541 383 70 _ _ NNP 44541 383 71 | | NNP 44541 383 72 | | NNP 44541 383 73 | | NNP 44541 383 74 _ _ NNP 44541 383 75 Tunicata Tunicata NNP 44541 383 76 _ _ NNP 44541 383 77 | | NNP 44541 383 78 + + CC 44541 383 79 --------+ --------+ NN 44541 383 80 | | NNP 44541 383 81 | | NNP 44541 383 82 | | CD 44541 383 83 | | CD 44541 383 84 * * NFP 44541 383 85 _ _ NNP 44541 383 86 Archicrania Archicrania NNP 44541 383 87 _ _ NNP 44541 383 88 * * NFP 44541 383 89 | | NNP 44541 383 90 | | NNP 44541 383 91 _ _ NNP 44541 383 92 Acrania Acrania NNP 44541 383 93 _ _ NNP 44541 383 94 | | NNP 44541 383 95 | | NNP 44541 383 96 | | CD 44541 383 97 | | CD 44541 383 98 * * NFP 44541 383 99 _ _ NNP 44541 383 100 Prospondylia_*------+ Prospondylia_*------+ NNP 44541 383 101 | | NNP 44541 383 102 | | NNP 44541 383 103 + + CC 44541 383 104 ----------+ ----------+ NN 44541 383 105 | | NNP 44541 383 106 | | NNP 44541 383 107 | | CD 44541 383 108 * * NFP 44541 383 109 _ _ NNP 44541 383 110 Prochordonia Prochordonia NNP 44541 383 111 _ _ NNP 44541 383 112 * * NFP 44541 383 113 11 11 CD 44541 383 114 . . . 44541 384 1 Stage stage NN 44541 384 2 of of IN 44541 384 3 _ _ NNP 44541 384 4 Cyclostomata Cyclostomata NNP 44541 384 5 _ _ NNP 44541 384 6 . . . 44541 385 1 This this DT 44541 385 2 now now RB 44541 385 3 small small JJ 44541 385 4 group group NN 44541 385 5 of of IN 44541 385 6 Lampreys Lampreys NNP 44541 385 7 and and CC 44541 385 8 Hagfishes Hagfishes NNP 44541 385 9 represents represent VBZ 44541 385 10 the the DT 44541 385 11 lowest low JJS 44541 385 12 Craniota Craniota NNP 44541 385 13 ; ; : 44541 385 14 and and CC 44541 385 15 although although IN 44541 385 16 much much JJ 44541 385 17 specialized specialize VBN 44541 385 18 as as IN 44541 385 19 a a DT 44541 385 20 side side NN 44541 385 21 - - HYPH 44541 385 22 branch branch NN 44541 385 23 of of IN 44541 385 24 the the DT 44541 385 25 main main JJ 44541 385 26 - - HYPH 44541 385 27 stem stem NN 44541 385 28 from from IN 44541 385 29 which which WDT 44541 385 30 the the DT 44541 385 31 other other JJ 44541 385 32 Craniota Craniota NNP 44541 385 33 have have VBP 44541 385 34 sprung spring VBN 44541 385 35 , , , 44541 385 36 they -PRON- PRP 44541 385 37 give give VBP 44541 385 38 us -PRON- PRP 44541 385 39 an an DT 44541 385 40 idea idea NN 44541 385 41 of of IN 44541 385 42 what what WP 44541 385 43 the the DT 44541 385 44 direct direct JJ 44541 385 45 ancestors ancestor NNS 44541 385 46 of of IN 44541 385 47 the the DT 44541 385 48 latter latter JJ 44541 385 49 must must MD 44541 385 50 have have VB 44541 385 51 been be VBN 44541 385 52 like:--still like:--still CD 44541 385 53 without without IN 44541 385 54 visceral visceral JJ 44541 385 55 arches arch NNS 44541 385 56 , , , 44541 385 57 without without IN 44541 385 58 jaws jaw NNS 44541 385 59 and and CC 44541 385 60 without without IN 44541 385 61 paired pair VBN 44541 385 62 limbs limb NNS 44541 385 63 ; ; : 44541 385 64 with with IN 44541 385 65 a a DT 44541 385 66 persistent persistent JJ 44541 385 67 pronephros pronephro NNS 44541 385 68 ; ; : 44541 385 69 the the DT 44541 385 70 ear ear NN 44541 385 71 with with IN 44541 385 72 one one CD 44541 385 73 semicircular semicircular JJ 44541 385 74 canal canal NN 44541 385 75 only only RB 44541 385 76 ; ; : 44541 385 77 mouth mouth NNP 44541 385 78 suctorial suctorial JJ 44541 385 79 ; ; : 44541 385 80 cranium cranium NN 44541 385 81 very very RB 44541 385 82 primitive primitive JJ 44541 385 83 ; ; , 44541 385 84 and and CC 44541 385 85 the the DT 44541 385 86 metamerism metamerism NN 44541 385 87 of of IN 44541 385 88 the the DT 44541 385 89 vertebral vertebral JJ 44541 385 90 column column NN 44541 385 91 indicated indicate VBN 44541 385 92 only only RB 44541 385 93 by by IN 44541 385 94 little little JJ 44541 385 95 blocks block NNS 44541 385 96 of of IN 44541 385 97 cartilage cartilage NN 44541 385 98 in in IN 44541 385 99 the the DT 44541 385 100 perichordal perichordal NN 44541 385 101 sheath sheath NN 44541 385 102 . . . 44541 386 1 Such such JJ 44541 386 2 creatures creature NNS 44541 386 3 must must MD 44541 386 4 have have VB 44541 386 5 existed exist VBN 44541 386 6 at at RB 44541 386 7 least least JJS 44541 386 8 as as RB 44541 386 9 early early RB 44541 386 10 as as IN 44541 386 11 the the DT 44541 386 12 Lower low JJR 44541 386 13 Silurian silurian JJ 44541 386 14 epoch epoch NN 44541 386 15 ; ; : 44541 386 16 but but CC 44541 386 17 until until IN 44541 386 18 1890 1890 CD 44541 386 19 fossil fossil NN 44541 386 20 Cyclostomes cyclostome NNS 44541 386 21 were be VBD 44541 386 22 unknown unknown JJ 44541 386 23 . . . 44541 387 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 387 2 life life NN 44541 387 3 in in IN 44541 387 4 the the DT 44541 387 5 mud mud NN 44541 387 6 , , , 44541 387 7 or or CC 44541 387 8 as as IN 44541 387 9 endoparasites endoparasite NNS 44541 387 10 of of IN 44541 387 11 fishes fish NNS 44541 387 12 , , , 44541 387 13 coupled couple VBN 44541 387 14 with with IN 44541 387 15 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 387 16 soft soft JJ 44541 387 17 structure structure NN 44541 387 18 , , , 44541 387 19 makes make VBZ 44541 387 20 them -PRON- PRP 44541 387 21 very very RB 44541 387 22 unfit unfit JJ 44541 387 23 for for IN 44541 387 24 preservation preservation NN 44541 387 25 . . . 44541 388 1 This this DT 44541 388 2 gives give VBZ 44541 388 3 all all PDT 44541 388 4 the the DT 44541 388 5 greater great JJR 44541 388 6 importance importance NN 44541 388 7 to to IN 44541 388 8 Traquair Traquair NNP 44541 388 9 's 's POS 44541 388 10 discovery discovery NN 44541 388 11 , , , 44541 388 12 in in IN 44541 388 13 1890 1890 CD 44541 388 14 , , , 44541 388 15 of of IN 44541 388 16 many many JJ 44541 388 17 little little JJ 44541 388 18 creatures creature NNS 44541 388 19 , , , 44541 388 20 called call VBN 44541 388 21 by by IN 44541 388 22 him -PRON- PRP 44541 388 23 _ _ NNP 44541 388 24 Palæospondylus Palæospondylus NNP 44541 388 25 gunni gunni NNP 44541 388 26 _ _ NNP 44541 388 27 , , , 44541 388 28 in in IN 44541 388 29 the the DT 44541 388 30 Old Old NNP 44541 388 31 Red Red NNP 44541 388 32 Sandstone Sandstone NNP 44541 388 33 of of IN 44541 388 34 Caithness Caithness NNP 44541 388 35 , , , 44541 388 36 which which WDT 44541 388 37 seem seem VBP 44541 388 38 to to TO 44541 388 39 be be VB 44541 388 40 very very RB 44541 388 41 closely closely RB 44541 388 42 allied allied JJ 44541 388 43 to to IN 44541 388 44 Cyclostomata Cyclostomata NNP 44541 388 45 . . . 44541 389 1 12 12 CD 44541 389 2 . . . 44541 390 1 The the DT 44541 390 2 _ _ NNP 44541 390 3 Elasmobranchi Elasmobranchi NNP 44541 390 4 _ _ NNP 44541 390 5 ( ( -LRB- 44541 390 6 sharks shark NNS 44541 390 7 and and CC 44541 390 8 skates skates NNPS 44541 390 9 ) ) -RRB- 44541 390 10 , , , 44541 390 11 with with IN 44541 390 12 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 390 13 immediate immediate JJ 44541 390 14 forerunners forerunner NNS 44541 390 15 , , , 44541 390 16 the the DT 44541 390 17 Acanthodi Acanthodi NNP 44541 390 18 of of IN 44541 390 19 the the DT 44541 390 20 Devonian Devonian NNP 44541 390 21 and and CC 44541 390 22 Carboniferous Carboniferous NNP 44541 390 23 age age NN 44541 390 24 , , , 44541 390 25 are be VBP 44541 390 26 the the DT 44541 390 27 first first JJ 44541 390 28 typical typical JJ 44541 390 29 fishes fish NNS 44541 390 30 . . . 44541 391 1 That that IN 44541 391 2 they -PRON- PRP 44541 391 3 existed exist VBD 44541 391 4 as as RB 44541 391 5 far far RB 44541 391 6 back back RB 44541 391 7 as as IN 44541 391 8 the the DT 44541 391 9 Silurian silurian JJ 44541 391 10 age age NN 44541 391 11 is be VBZ 44541 391 12 proved prove VBN 44541 391 13 by by IN 44541 391 14 many many JJ 44541 391 15 enamelled enamel VBN 44541 391 16 spines spine NNS 44541 391 17 of of IN 44541 391 18 the the DT 44541 391 19 dermal dermal JJ 44541 391 20 armour armour NN 44541 391 21 , , , 44541 391 22 chiefly chiefly RB 44541 391 23 from from IN 44541 391 24 the the DT 44541 391 25 dorsal dorsal NN 44541 391 26 fins fin NNS 44541 391 27 . . . 44541 392 1 This this DT 44541 392 2 higher high JJR 44541 392 3 stage stage NN 44541 392 4 is be VBZ 44541 392 5 characterized characterize VBN 44541 392 6 by by IN 44541 392 7 the the DT 44541 392 8 possession possession NN 44541 392 9 of of IN 44541 392 10 typical typical JJ 44541 392 11 jaws jaw NNS 44541 392 12 , , , 44541 392 13 by by IN 44541 392 14 visceral visceral JJ 44541 392 15 or or CC 44541 392 16 gill gill JJ 44541 392 17 - - HYPH 44541 392 18 bearing bear VBG 44541 392 19 arches arch NNS 44541 392 20 , , , 44541 392 21 and and CC 44541 392 22 by by IN 44541 392 23 two two CD 44541 392 24 pairs pair NNS 44541 392 25 of of IN 44541 392 26 limbs limb NNS 44541 392 27 . . . 44541 393 1 None none NN 44541 393 2 of of IN 44541 393 3 the the DT 44541 393 4 Elasmobranchs Elasmobranchs NNP 44541 393 5 , , , 44541 393 6 fossil fossil JJ 44541 393 7 or or CC 44541 393 8 recent recent JJ 44541 393 9 , , , 44541 393 10 stands stand VBZ 44541 393 11 in in IN 44541 393 12 the the DT 44541 393 13 direct direct JJ 44541 393 14 ancestral ancestral JJ 44541 393 15 line line NN 44541 393 16 ; ; , 44541 393 17 but but CC 44541 393 18 they -PRON- PRP 44541 393 19 are be VBP 44541 393 20 the the DT 44541 393 21 lowest low JJS 44541 393 22 Gnathostomata Gnathostomata NNP 44541 393 23 , , , 44541 393 24 jaw jaw NN 44541 393 25 - - HYPH 44541 393 26 and and CC 44541 393 27 - - HYPH 44541 393 28 limb limb NN 44541 393 29 - - HYPH 44541 393 30 possessing possess VBG 44541 393 31 creatures creature NNS 44541 393 32 , , , 44541 393 33 known know VBN 44541 393 34 . . . 44541 394 1 13 13 CD 44541 394 2 . . . 44541 395 1 Closely closely RB 44541 395 2 connected connected JJ 44541 395 3 with with IN 44541 395 4 the the DT 44541 395 5 Elasmobranchs Elasmobranchs NNPS 44541 395 6 in in IN 44541 395 7 a a DT 44541 395 8 wider wide JJR 44541 395 9 sense sense NN 44541 395 10 are be VBP 44541 395 11 the the DT 44541 395 12 _ _ NNP 44541 395 13 Crossopterygii Crossopterygii NNP 44541 395 14 _ _ NNP 44541 395 15 , , , 44541 395 16 which which WDT 44541 395 17 begin begin VBP 44541 395 18 in in IN 44541 395 19 the the DT 44541 395 20 Devonian Devonian NNP 44541 395 21 age age NN 44541 395 22 as as IN 44541 395 23 a a DT 44541 395 24 large large JJ 44541 395 25 group group NN 44541 395 26 , , , 44541 395 27 but but CC 44541 395 28 have have VBP 44541 395 29 left leave VBN 44541 395 30 only only RB 44541 395 31 two two CD 44541 395 32 survivals survival NNS 44541 395 33 , , , 44541 395 34 the the DT 44541 395 35 African African NNP 44541 395 36 Polypterus Polypterus NNP 44541 395 37 and and CC 44541 395 38 Calamoichthys Calamoichthys NNP 44541 395 39 . . . 44541 396 1 They -PRON- PRP 44541 396 2 are be VBP 44541 396 3 possessed possess VBN 44541 396 4 of of IN 44541 396 5 dermal dermal JJ 44541 396 6 bones bone NNS 44541 396 7 and and CC 44541 396 8 other other JJ 44541 396 9 ossifications ossification NNS 44541 396 10 , , , 44541 396 11 and and CC 44541 396 12 are be VBP 44541 396 13 characterized characterize VBN 44541 396 14 by by IN 44541 396 15 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 396 16 lobate lobate NN 44541 396 17 paired pair VBD 44541 396 18 fins fin NNS 44541 396 19 , , , 44541 396 20 which which WDT 44541 396 21 have have VBP 44541 396 22 a a DT 44541 396 23 thick thick JJ 44541 396 24 axis axis NN 44541 396 25 beset beset NN 44541 396 26 with with IN 44541 396 27 biserial biserial JJ 44541 396 28 fin fin NN 44541 396 29 rays ray NNS 44541 396 30 . . . 44541 397 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 397 2 gill gill NN 44541 397 3 - - HYPH 44541 397 4 clefts cleft NNS 44541 397 5 are be VBP 44541 397 6 covered cover VBN 44541 397 7 by by IN 44541 397 8 an an DT 44541 397 9 operculum operculum NN 44541 397 10 , , , 44541 397 11 and and CC 44541 397 12 they -PRON- PRP 44541 397 13 have have VBP 44541 397 14 a a DT 44541 397 15 well well RB 44541 397 16 - - HYPH 44541 397 17 developed develop VBN 44541 397 18 air air NN 44541 397 19 - - HYPH 44541 397 20 bladder bladder NN 44541 397 21 . . . 44541 398 1 Whilst whilst IN 44541 398 2 they -PRON- PRP 44541 398 3 are be VBP 44541 398 4 in in IN 44541 398 5 many many JJ 44541 398 6 respects respect NNS 44541 398 7 more more RBR 44541 398 8 highly highly RB 44541 398 9 developed developed JJ 44541 398 10 than than IN 44541 398 11 the the DT 44541 398 12 Elasmobranchs Elasmobranchs NNPS 44541 398 13 , , , 44541 398 14 and and CC 44541 398 15 are be VBP 44541 398 16 intimately intimately RB 44541 398 17 connected connect VBN 44541 398 18 with with IN 44541 398 19 the the DT 44541 398 20 typical typical JJ 44541 398 21 Ganoids Ganoids NNP 44541 398 22 and and CC 44541 398 23 other other JJ 44541 398 24 bony bony NN 44541 398 25 fishes fish NNS 44541 398 26 ( ( -LRB- 44541 398 27 all all DT 44541 398 28 of of IN 44541 398 29 which which WDT 44541 398 30 form form VBP 44541 398 31 a a DT 44541 398 32 great great JJ 44541 398 33 , , , 44541 398 34 manifold manifold JJ 44541 398 35 side side NN 44541 398 36 - - HYPH 44541 398 37 branch branch NN 44541 398 38 of of IN 44541 398 39 the the DT 44541 398 40 general general JJ 44541 398 41 vertebrate vertebrate NN 44541 398 42 stem stem NN 44541 398 43 ) ) -RRB- 44541 398 44 , , , 44541 398 45 they -PRON- PRP 44541 398 46 stand stand VBP 44541 398 47 in in IN 44541 398 48 many many JJ 44541 398 49 other other JJ 44541 398 50 respects respect NNS 44541 398 51 ( ( -LRB- 44541 398 52 notably notably RB 44541 398 53 , , , 44541 398 54 the the DT 44541 398 55 structure structure NN 44541 398 56 of of IN 44541 398 57 the the DT 44541 398 58 paired pair VBN 44541 398 59 fins fin NNS 44541 398 60 , , , 44541 398 61 the the DT 44541 398 62 vertebral vertebral JJ 44541 398 63 column column NN 44541 398 64 , , , 44541 398 65 and and CC 44541 398 66 the the DT 44541 398 67 air air NN 44541 398 68 - - HYPH 44541 398 69 bladder bladder NN 44541 398 70 ) ) -RRB- 44541 398 71 nearer nearer VB 44541 398 72 the the DT 44541 398 73 main main JJ 44541 398 74 - - HYPH 44541 398 75 stem stem NN 44541 398 76 of of IN 44541 398 77 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 398 78 own own JJ 44541 398 79 ancestral ancestral JJ 44541 398 80 line line NN 44541 398 81 . . . 44541 399 1 14 14 CD 44541 399 2 . . . 44541 400 1 This this DT 44541 400 2 is be VBZ 44541 400 3 shown show VBN 44541 400 4 by by IN 44541 400 5 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 400 6 intimate intimate JJ 44541 400 7 relation relation NN 44541 400 8 to to IN 44541 400 9 the the DT 44541 400 10 _ _ NNP 44541 400 11 Dipnoi Dipnoi NNP 44541 400 12 _ _ NNP 44541 400 13 , , , 44541 400 14 which which WDT 44541 400 15 are be VBP 44541 400 16 still still RB 44541 400 17 represented represent VBN 44541 400 18 by by IN 44541 400 19 the the DT 44541 400 20 Australian australian JJ 44541 400 21 , , , 44541 400 22 African african JJ 44541 400 23 , , , 44541 400 24 and and CC 44541 400 25 South south JJ 44541 400 26 American american JJ 44541 400 27 mud mud NN 44541 400 28 - - HYPH 44541 400 29 fishes fish NNS 44541 400 30 : : : 44541 400 31 Ceratodus Ceratodus NNP 44541 400 32 , , , 44541 400 33 Protopterus Protopterus NNP 44541 400 34 , , , 44541 400 35 and and CC 44541 400 36 Lepidosiren Lepidosiren NNP 44541 400 37 . . . 44541 401 1 The the DT 44541 401 2 genus genus JJ 44541 401 3 Ceratodus Ceratodus NNP 44541 401 4 existed exist VBD 44541 401 5 in in IN 44541 401 6 the the DT 44541 401 7 Upper Upper NNP 44541 401 8 Trias Trias NNP 44541 401 9 , , , 44541 401 10 whence whence NN 44541 401 11 various various JJ 44541 401 12 other other JJ 44541 401 13 unmistakably unmistakably RB 44541 401 14 dipnoous dipnoous JJ 44541 401 15 forms form NNS 44541 401 16 lead lead VBP 44541 401 17 down down RB 44541 401 18 through through IN 44541 401 19 the the DT 44541 401 20 Carboniferous Carboniferous NNP 44541 401 21 ( ( -LRB- 44541 401 22 _ _ NNP 44541 401 23 e.g. e.g. RB 44541 401 24 _ _ NNP 44541 401 25 , , , 44541 401 26 Ctenodus Ctenodus NNP 44541 401 27 ) ) -RRB- 44541 401 28 to to IN 44541 401 29 the the DT 44541 401 30 Devonian Devonian NNP 44541 401 31 strata--_e.g strata--_e.g NN 44541 401 32 . . . 44541 401 33 _ _ NNP 44541 401 34 , , , 44541 401 35 Dipterus Dipterus NNP 44541 401 36 . . . 44541 402 1 They -PRON- PRP 44541 402 2 are be VBP 44541 402 3 characterized characterize VBN 44541 402 4 as as IN 44541 402 5 follows follow VBZ 44541 402 6 : : : 44541 402 7 The the DT 44541 402 8 paired pair VBN 44541 402 9 fins fin NNS 44541 402 10 still still RB 44541 402 11 retain retain VBP 44541 402 12 the the DT 44541 402 13 archipterygial archipterygial JJ 44541 402 14 form form NN 44541 402 15 ( ( -LRB- 44541 402 16 namely namely RB 44541 402 17 , , , 44541 402 18 one one CD 44541 402 19 axis axis NN 44541 402 20 with with IN 44541 402 21 biserial biserial JJ 44541 402 22 rays ray NNS 44541 402 23 ) ) -RRB- 44541 402 24 ; ; : 44541 402 25 the the DT 44541 402 26 heart heart NN 44541 402 27 is be VBZ 44541 402 28 already already RB 44541 402 29 trilocular trilocular JJ 44541 402 30 , , , 44541 402 31 and and CC 44541 402 32 receives receive VBZ 44541 402 33 blood blood NN 44541 402 34 which which WDT 44541 402 35 is be VBZ 44541 402 36 mixed mixed JJ 44541 402 37 arterial arterial JJ 44541 402 38 and and CC 44541 402 39 venous venous JJ 44541 402 40 , , , 44541 402 41 owing owe VBG 44541 402 42 to to IN 44541 402 43 the the DT 44541 402 44 gills gill NNS 44541 402 45 being be VBG 44541 402 46 retained retain VBN 44541 402 47 , , , 44541 402 48 while while IN 44541 402 49 the the DT 44541 402 50 air air NN 44541 402 51 - - HYPH 44541 402 52 bladder bladder NN 44541 402 53 has have VBZ 44541 402 54 been be VBN 44541 402 55 modified modify VBN 44541 402 56 into into IN 44541 402 57 a a DT 44541 402 58 lung lung NN 44541 402 59 . . . 44541 403 1 In in IN 44541 403 2 fact fact NN 44541 403 3 , , , 44541 403 4 the the DT 44541 403 5 generalized generalize VBN 44541 403 6 Dipnoi Dipnoi NNP 44541 403 7 form form VBP 44541 403 8 the the DT 44541 403 9 actual actual JJ 44541 403 10 link link NN 44541 403 11 between between IN 44541 403 12 fishes fish NNS 44541 403 13 and and CC 44541 403 14 _ _ NNP 44541 403 15 Amphibia Amphibia NNP 44541 403 16 _ _ NNP 44541 403 17 . . . 44541 404 1 15 15 CD 44541 404 2 . . . 44541 405 1 _ _ NNP 44541 405 2 Amphibia Amphibia NNP 44541 405 3 . . . 44541 405 4 _ _ NNP 44541 405 5 The the DT 44541 405 6 earliest early JJS 44541 405 7 amphibian amphibian JJ 44541 405 8 fossils fossil NNS 44541 405 9 occur occur VBP 44541 405 10 in in IN 44541 405 11 the the DT 44541 405 12 Carboniferous carboniferous JJ 44541 405 13 strata strata NN 44541 405 14 . . . 44541 406 1 They -PRON- PRP 44541 406 2 alone alone RB 44541 406 3 -- -- : 44541 406 4 the the DT 44541 406 5 Stegocephali Stegocephali NNP 44541 406 6 or or CC 44541 406 7 Phractamphibia Phractamphibia NNP 44541 406 8 -- -- : 44541 406 9 stand stand VB 44541 406 10 in in IN 44541 406 11 the the DT 44541 406 12 ancestral ancestral JJ 44541 406 13 line line NN 44541 406 14 , , , 44541 406 15 while while IN 44541 406 16 the the DT 44541 406 17 Lissamphibia Lissamphibia NNP 44541 406 18 , , , 44541 406 19 to to TO 44541 406 20 which which WDT 44541 406 21 all all PDT 44541 406 22 the the DT 44541 406 23 recent recent JJ 44541 406 24 forms form NNS 44541 406 25 belong belong VBP 44541 406 26 , , , 44541 406 27 are be VBP 44541 406 28 side side NN 44541 406 29 - - HYPH 44541 406 30 branches branch NNS 44541 406 31 . . . 44541 407 1 The the DT 44541 407 2 Stegocephali Stegocephali NNP 44541 407 3 are be VBP 44541 407 4 the the DT 44541 407 5 earliest early JJS 44541 407 6 Tetrapoda Tetrapoda NNP 44541 407 7 , , , 44541 407 8 the the DT 44541 407 9 archipterygial archipterygial JJ 44541 407 10 paired pair VBD 44541 407 11 fins fin NNS 44541 407 12 having have VBG 44541 407 13 been be VBN 44541 407 14 transformed transform VBN 44541 407 15 into into IN 44541 407 16 the the DT 44541 407 17 pentadactyle pentadactyle NN 44541 407 18 fore fore NN 44541 407 19 and and CC 44541 407 20 hind hind NN 44541 407 21 limbs limb NNS 44541 407 22 , , , 44541 407 23 which which WDT 44541 407 24 are be VBP 44541 407 25 so so RB 44541 407 26 characteristic characteristic JJ 44541 407 27 of of IN 44541 407 28 all all PDT 44541 407 29 the the DT 44541 407 30 higher high JJR 44541 407 31 Vertebrata Vertebrata NNP 44541 407 32 . . . 44541 408 1 The the DT 44541 408 2 cranium cranium NN 44541 408 3 is be VBZ 44541 408 4 roofed roof VBN 44541 408 5 over over RP 44541 408 6 by by IN 44541 408 7 dermal dermal JJ 44541 408 8 bones bone NNS 44541 408 9 , , , 44541 408 10 of of IN 44541 408 11 which which WDT 44541 408 12 , , , 44541 408 13 besides besides IN 44541 408 14 others other NNS 44541 408 15 , , , 44541 408 16 supra supra NNP 44541 408 17 - - HYPH 44541 408 18 occipitals occipital NNS 44541 408 19 , , , 44541 408 20 supra supra NNP 44541 408 21 - - HYPH 44541 408 22 orbitals orbital NNS 44541 408 23 , , , 44541 408 24 and and CC 44541 408 25 supra supra NN 44541 408 26 - - HYPH 44541 408 27 temporals temporal NNS 44541 408 28 are be VBP 44541 408 29 always always RB 44541 408 30 present present JJ 44541 408 31 . . . 44541 409 1 The the DT 44541 409 2 lowest low JJS 44541 409 3 members member NNS 44541 409 4 ( ( -LRB- 44541 409 5 Branchiosauri Branchiosauri NNP 44541 409 6 ) ) -RRB- 44541 409 7 still still RB 44541 409 8 retained retain VBD 44541 409 9 gills gill NNS 44541 409 10 besides besides IN 44541 409 11 the the DT 44541 409 12 lungs lung NNS 44541 409 13 , , , 44541 409 14 while while IN 44541 409 15 others other NNS 44541 409 16 ( ( -LRB- 44541 409 17 Microsauri Microsauri NNP 44541 409 18 ) ) -RRB- 44541 409 19 have have VBP 44541 409 20 lost lose VBN 44541 409 21 the the DT 44541 409 22 gills gill NNS 44541 409 23 . . . 44541 410 1 Be be VB 44541 410 2 it -PRON- PRP 44541 410 3 remembered remember VBN 44541 410 4 that that IN 44541 410 5 all all PDT 44541 410 6 the the DT 44541 410 7 recent recent JJ 44541 410 8 Amphibia Amphibia NNP 44541 410 9 still still RB 44541 410 10 undergo undergo VB 44541 410 11 the the DT 44541 410 12 same same JJ 44541 410 13 metamorphosis metamorphosis NN 44541 410 14 during during IN 44541 410 15 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 410 16 ontogenetic ontogenetic JJ 44541 410 17 development development NN 44541 410 18 . . . 44541 411 1 In in IN 44541 411 2 the the DT 44541 411 3 very very RB 44541 411 4 important important JJ 44541 411 5 Temnospondyli Temnospondyli NNP 44541 411 6 , , , 44541 411 7 a a DT 44541 411 8 subgroup subgroup NN 44541 411 9 of of IN 44541 411 10 the the DT 44541 411 11 Stegocephali--_e.g Stegocephali--_e.g NNP 44541 411 12 . . . 44541 411 13 _ _ NNP 44541 411 14 , , , 44541 411 15 Trimerorhachis Trimerorhachis NNP 44541 411 16 of of IN 44541 411 17 the the DT 44541 411 18 Lower low JJR 44541 411 19 Red Red NNP 44541 411 20 Sandstone Sandstone NNP 44541 411 21 or or CC 44541 411 22 Lower low JJR 44541 411 23 Permian Permian NNP 44541 411 24 -- -- : 44541 411 25 the the DT 44541 411 26 component component NN 44541 411 27 cartilaginous cartilaginous JJ 44541 411 28 or or CC 44541 411 29 bony bony NN 44541 411 30 units unit NNS 44541 411 31 which which WDT 44541 411 32 compose compose VBD 44541 411 33 the the DT 44541 411 34 vertebræ vertebræ NN 44541 411 35 still still RB 44541 411 36 remained remain VBD 44541 411 37 in in IN 44541 411 38 a a DT 44541 411 39 separate separate JJ 44541 411 40 , , , 44541 411 41 unfused unfused JJ 44541 411 42 state state NN 44541 411 43 , , , 44541 411 44 showing show VBG 44541 411 45 at at IN 44541 411 46 the the DT 44541 411 47 same same JJ 44541 411 48 time time NN 44541 411 49 an an DT 44541 411 50 arrangement arrangement NN 44541 411 51 whence whence NN 44541 411 52 has have VBZ 44541 411 53 arisen arise VBN 44541 411 54 that that IN 44541 411 55 which which WDT 44541 411 56 is be VBZ 44541 411 57 typical typical JJ 44541 411 58 of of IN 44541 411 59 the the DT 44541 411 60 Amniota Amniota NNP 44541 411 61 . . . 44541 412 1 The the DT 44541 412 2 same same JJ 44541 412 3 applies apply VBZ 44541 412 4 to to IN 44541 412 5 the the DT 44541 412 6 limbs limb NNS 44541 412 7 and and CC 44541 412 8 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 412 9 girdles girdle NNS 44541 412 10 . . . 44541 413 1 In in IN 44541 413 2 fact fact NN 44541 413 3 , , , 44541 413 4 the the DT 44541 413 5 Stegocephali Stegocephali NNP 44541 413 6 , , , 44541 413 7 taken take VBN 44541 413 8 as as IN 44541 413 9 a a DT 44541 413 10 whole whole NN 44541 413 11 , , , 44541 413 12 lead lead VB 44541 413 13 imperceptibly imperceptibly RB 44541 413 14 to to IN 44541 413 15 the the DT 44541 413 16 _ _ NNP 44541 413 17 Proreptilia Proreptilia NNP 44541 413 18 _ _ NNP 44541 413 19 . . . 44541 414 1 16 16 CD 44541 414 2 . . . 44541 415 1 _ _ NNP 44541 415 2 Proreptilia Proreptilia NNP 44541 415 3 _ _ NNP 44541 415 4 are be VBP 44541 415 5 represented represent VBN 44541 415 6 by by IN 44541 415 7 the the DT 44541 415 8 Permian permian JJ 44541 415 9 genera genera NN 44541 415 10 Eryops Eryops NNP 44541 415 11 and and CC 44541 415 12 Cricotus Cricotus NNP 44541 415 13 . . . 44541 416 1 Until until IN 44541 416 2 quite quite RB 44541 416 3 recently recently RB 44541 416 4 these these DT 44541 416 5 and and CC 44541 416 6 many many JJ 44541 416 7 other other JJ 44541 416 8 fossils fossil NNS 44541 416 9 from from IN 44541 416 10 the the DT 44541 416 11 Carboniferous carboniferous JJ 44541 416 12 strata strata NN 44541 416 13 were be VBD 44541 416 14 looked look VBN 44541 416 15 upon upon IN 44541 416 16 as as IN 44541 416 17 Amphibia Amphibia NNP 44541 416 18 , , , 44541 416 19 while while IN 44541 416 20 many many JJ 44541 416 21 undoubted undoubted JJ 44541 416 22 fossil fossil NN 44541 416 23 Amphibia Amphibia NNP 44541 416 24 were be VBD 44541 416 25 mistaken mistake VBN 44541 416 26 for for IN 44541 416 27 reptiles reptile NNS 44541 416 28 , , , 44541 416 29 as as IN 44541 416 30 indicated indicate VBN 44541 416 31 by by IN 44541 416 32 the the DT 44541 416 33 frequent frequent JJ 44541 416 34 termination termination NN 44541 416 35 ' ' '' 44541 416 36 -saurus -sauru NNS 44541 416 37 ' ' '' 44541 416 38 in in IN 44541 416 39 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 416 40 names name NNS 44541 416 41 . . . 44541 417 1 The the DT 44541 417 2 nearest near JJS 44541 417 3 living living NN 44541 417 4 representative representative NN 44541 417 5 of of IN 44541 417 6 these these DT 44541 417 7 extinct extinct JJ 44541 417 8 Proreptilia Proreptilia NNP 44541 417 9 is be VBZ 44541 417 10 the the DT 44541 417 11 New New NNP 44541 417 12 Zealand Zealand NNP 44541 417 13 reptile reptile NN 44541 417 14 Hatteria Hatteria NNP 44541 417 15 , , , 44541 417 16 or or CC 44541 417 17 Sphenodon Sphenodon NNP 44541 417 18 , , , 44541 417 19 close close JJ 44541 417 20 relations relation NNS 44541 417 21 of of IN 44541 417 22 which which WDT 44541 417 23 are be VBP 44541 417 24 known know VBN 44541 417 25 from from IN 44541 417 26 the the DT 44541 417 27 Upper Upper NNP 44541 417 28 Trias Trias NNP 44541 417 29 ; ; : 44541 417 30 while while IN 44541 417 31 others--_e.g others--_e.g NN 44541 417 32 . . . 44541 417 33 _ _ NNP 44541 417 34 , , , 44541 417 35 Palæohatteria Palæohatteria NNP 44541 417 36 -- -- : 44541 417 37 have have VBP 44541 417 38 been be VBN 44541 417 39 discovered discover VBN 44541 417 40 in in IN 44541 417 41 the the DT 44541 417 42 Permian Permian NNP 44541 417 43 . . . 44541 418 1 Anyhow anyhow RB 44541 418 2 , , , 44541 418 3 Sphenodon Sphenodon NNP 44541 418 4 is be VBZ 44541 418 5 the the DT 44541 418 6 reptile reptile NN 44541 418 7 which which WDT 44541 418 8 stands stand VBZ 44541 418 9 nearest near JJS 44541 418 10 to to IN 44541 418 11 the the DT 44541 418 12 main main JJ 44541 418 13 stem stem NN 44541 418 14 of of IN 44541 418 15 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 418 16 ancestry ancestry NN 44541 418 17 . . . 44541 419 1 The the DT 44541 419 2 most most RBS 44541 419 3 important important JJ 44541 419 4 characteristics characteristic NNS 44541 419 5 of of IN 44541 419 6 the the DT 44541 419 7 Reptilia Reptilia NNP 44541 419 8 , , , 44541 419 9 which which WDT 44541 419 10 mark mark VBP 44541 419 11 a a DT 44541 419 12 higher high JJR 44541 419 13 stage stage NN 44541 419 14 or or CC 44541 419 15 level level NN 44541 419 16 , , , 44541 419 17 are be VBP 44541 419 18 ( ( -LRB- 44541 419 19 1 1 LS 44541 419 20 ) ) -RRB- 44541 419 21 The the DT 44541 419 22 entire entire JJ 44541 419 23 suppression suppression NN 44541 419 24 of of IN 44541 419 25 the the DT 44541 419 26 gills gill NNS 44541 419 27 -- -- : 44541 419 28 although although IN 44541 419 29 during during IN 44541 419 30 the the DT 44541 419 31 embryonic embryonic JJ 44541 419 32 development development NN 44541 419 33 the the DT 44541 419 34 gill gill NN 44541 419 35 - - HYPH 44541 419 36 clefts cleft NNS 44541 419 37 still still RB 44541 419 38 appear appear VBP 44541 419 39 in in IN 44541 419 40 all all DT 44541 419 41 reptiles reptile NNS 44541 419 42 , , , 44541 419 43 birds bird NNS 44541 419 44 , , , 44541 419 45 and and CC 44541 419 46 mammals mammal NNS 44541 419 47 ; ; , 44541 419 48 ( ( -LRB- 44541 419 49 2 2 LS 44541 419 50 ) ) -RRB- 44541 419 51 The the DT 44541 419 52 development development NN 44541 419 53 of of IN 44541 419 54 an an DT 44541 419 55 amnion amnion NN 44541 419 56 and and CC 44541 419 57 an an DT 44541 419 58 allantois allantois NN 44541 419 59 , , , 44541 419 60 both both DT 44541 419 61 for for IN 44541 419 62 the the DT 44541 419 63 embryonic embryonic JJ 44541 419 64 life life NN 44541 419 65 only only RB 44541 419 66 , , , 44541 419 67 but but CC 44541 419 68 so so RB 44541 419 69 characteristic characteristic JJ 44541 419 70 that that IN 44541 419 71 all all PDT 44541 419 72 these these DT 44541 419 73 animals animal NNS 44541 419 74 are be VBP 44541 419 75 comprised comprise VBN 44541 419 76 under under IN 44541 419 77 the the DT 44541 419 78 name name NN 44541 419 79 of of IN 44541 419 80 Amniota Amniota NNP 44541 419 81 ; ; : 44541 419 82 ( ( -LRB- 44541 419 83 3 3 LS 44541 419 84 ) ) -RRB- 44541 419 85 The the DT 44541 419 86 articulation articulation NN 44541 419 87 of of IN 44541 419 88 the the DT 44541 419 89 skull skull NN 44541 419 90 with with IN 44541 419 91 the the DT 44541 419 92 first first JJ 44541 419 93 neck neck NN 44541 419 94 vertebræ vertebræ NN 44541 419 95 by by IN 44541 419 96 well well RB 44541 419 97 - - HYPH 44541 419 98 developed develop VBN 44541 419 99 condyles condyle NNS 44541 419 100 , , , 44541 419 101 either either CC 44541 419 102 single single JJ 44541 419 103 ( ( -LRB- 44541 419 104 really really RB 44541 419 105 triple triple JJ 44541 419 106 ) ) -RRB- 44541 419 107 or or CC 44541 419 108 double double JJ 44541 419 109 ( ( -LRB- 44541 419 110 such such PDT 44541 419 111 a a DT 44541 419 112 condylar condylar JJ 44541 419 113 arrangement arrangement NN 44541 419 114 begins begin VBZ 44541 419 115 with with IN 44541 419 116 the the DT 44541 419 117 Amphibia Amphibia NNP 44541 419 118 , , , 44541 419 119 but but CC 44541 419 120 only only RB 44541 419 121 the the DT 44541 419 122 two two CD 44541 419 123 lateral lateral JJ 44541 419 124 condyles condyle NNS 44541 419 125 are be VBP 44541 419 126 developed develop VBN 44541 419 127 , , , 44541 419 128 while while IN 44541 419 129 the the DT 44541 419 130 middle middle JJ 44541 419 131 portion portion NN 44541 419 132 , , , 44541 419 133 belonging belong VBG 44541 419 134 to to IN 44541 419 135 the the DT 44541 419 136 basi basi NN 44541 419 137 - - HYPH 44541 419 138 occipital occipital JJ 44541 419 139 element element NN 44541 419 140 , , , 44541 419 141 remains remain VBZ 44541 419 142 rudimentary[21 rudimentary[21 NN 44541 419 143 ] ] -RRB- 44541 419 144 ) ) -RRB- 44541 419 145 ; ; : 44541 419 146 ( ( -LRB- 44541 419 147 4 4 LS 44541 419 148 ) ) -RRB- 44541 419 149 The the DT 44541 419 150 formation formation NN 44541 419 151 of of IN 44541 419 152 centra centra NNP 44541 419 153 , , , 44541 419 154 or or CC 44541 419 155 bodies body NNS 44541 419 156 of of IN 44541 419 157 the the DT 44541 419 158 vertebræ vertebræ NN 44541 419 159 , , , 44541 419 160 mainly mainly RB 44541 419 161 by by IN 44541 419 162 a a DT 44541 419 163 ventral ventral JJ 44541 419 164 pair pair NN 44541 419 165 of of IN 44541 419 166 the the DT 44541 419 167 original original JJ 44541 419 168 quadruple quadruple JJ 44541 419 169 constituents constituent NNS 44541 419 170 , , , 44541 419 171 or or CC 44541 419 172 arcualia arcualia NNP 44541 419 173 . . . 44541 420 1 [ [ -LRB- 44541 420 2 21 21 CD 44541 420 3 ] ] -RRB- 44541 420 4 Similar similar JJ 44541 420 5 conditions condition NNS 44541 420 6 seem seem VBP 44541 420 7 to to TO 44541 420 8 have have VB 44541 420 9 prevailed prevail VBN 44541 420 10 among among IN 44541 420 11 the the DT 44541 420 12 Proreptilia Proreptilia NNP 44541 420 13 ; ; : 44541 420 14 but but CC 44541 420 15 in in IN 44541 420 16 those those DT 44541 420 17 of of IN 44541 420 18 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 420 19 descendants descendant NNS 44541 420 20 which which WDT 44541 420 21 have have VBP 44541 420 22 specialized specialize VBN 44541 420 23 into into IN 44541 420 24 Reptiles reptile NNS 44541 420 25 and and CC 44541 420 26 Birds Birds NNPS 44541 420 27 the the DT 44541 420 28 basi basi NN 44541 420 29 - - HYPH 44541 420 30 occipital occipital JJ 44541 420 31 element element NN 44541 420 32 becomes become VBZ 44541 420 33 more more JJR 44541 420 34 and and CC 44541 420 35 more more JJR 44541 420 36 predominant predominant NN 44541 420 37 in in IN 44541 420 38 that that DT 44541 420 39 formation formation NN 44541 420 40 which which WDT 44541 420 41 ultimately ultimately RB 44541 420 42 leads lead VBZ 44541 420 43 to to IN 44541 420 44 the the DT 44541 420 45 apparently apparently RB 44541 420 46 single single JJ 44541 420 47 condyle condyle NN 44541 420 48 . . . 44541 421 1 Hence hence RB 44541 421 2 it -PRON- PRP 44541 421 3 is be VBZ 44541 421 4 misleading mislead VBG 44541 421 5 to to TO 44541 421 6 divide divide VB 44541 421 7 the the DT 44541 421 8 Tetrapoda Tetrapoda NNP 44541 421 9 into into IN 44541 421 10 the the DT 44541 421 11 two two CD 44541 421 12 main main JJ 44541 421 13 groups group NNS 44541 421 14 of of IN 44541 421 15 Amphi Amphi NNPS 44541 421 16 - - : 44541 421 17 and and CC 44541 421 18 Mono Mono NNP 44541 421 19 - - HYPH 44541 421 20 condylia condylia NNP 44541 421 21 , , , 44541 421 22 and and CC 44541 421 23 therefrom therefrom NN 44541 421 24 to to TO 44541 421 25 conclude conclude VB 44541 421 26 that that IN 44541 421 27 the the DT 44541 421 28 two two CD 44541 421 29 - - HYPH 44541 421 30 condyled condyle VBN 44541 421 31 Mammalia Mammalia NNP 44541 421 32 are be VBP 44541 421 33 more more RBR 44541 421 34 closely closely RB 44541 421 35 related related JJ 44541 421 36 to to IN 44541 421 37 the the DT 44541 421 38 likewise likewise JJ 44541 421 39 amphicondylous amphicondylous JJ 44541 421 40 Amphibia Amphibia NNP 44541 421 41 than than IN 44541 421 42 to to IN 44541 421 43 the the DT 44541 421 44 so so RB 44541 421 45 - - HYPH 44541 421 46 called call VBN 44541 421 47 monocondylous monocondylous JJ 44541 421 48 Reptiles reptile NNS 44541 421 49 . . . 44541 422 1 17 17 CD 44541 422 2 . . . 44541 423 1 Between between IN 44541 423 2 the the DT 44541 423 3 Proreptilia Proreptilia NNP 44541 423 4 and and CC 44541 423 5 the the DT 44541 423 6 Mammalia Mammalia NNP 44541 423 7 , , , 44541 423 8 which which WDT 44541 423 9 latter latter JJ 44541 423 10 occur occur VBP 44541 423 11 in in IN 44541 423 12 the the DT 44541 423 13 Upper Upper NNP 44541 423 14 Triassic Triassic NNP 44541 423 15 epoch epoch NN 44541 423 16 , , , 44541 423 17 we -PRON- PRP 44541 423 18 have have VBP 44541 423 19 necessarily necessarily RB 44541 423 20 to to TO 44541 423 21 intercalate intercalate VB 44541 423 22 a a DT 44541 423 23 group group NN 44541 423 24 of of IN 44541 423 25 very very RB 44541 423 26 low low JJ 44541 423 27 reptiles reptile NNS 44541 423 28 , , , 44541 423 29 which which WDT 44541 423 30 are be VBP 44541 423 31 still still RB 44541 423 32 so so RB 44541 423 33 generalized generalize VBN 44541 423 34 that that IN 44541 423 35 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 423 36 descendants descendant NNS 44541 423 37 could could MD 44541 423 38 branch branch VB 44541 423 39 off off RP 44541 423 40 either either CC 44541 423 41 into into IN 44541 423 42 the the DT 44541 423 43 Reptilia Reptilia NNP 44541 423 44 proper proper JJ 44541 423 45 or or CC 44541 423 46 into into IN 44541 423 47 the the DT 44541 423 48 Mammalia Mammalia NNP 44541 423 49 . . . 44541 424 1 The the DT 44541 424 2 changes change NNS 44541 424 3 concerned concern VBD 44541 424 4 chiefly chiefly RB 44541 424 5 the the DT 44541 424 6 brain brain NN 44541 424 7 and and CC 44541 424 8 the the DT 44541 424 9 heart heart NN 44541 424 10 ; ; : 44541 424 11 of of IN 44541 424 12 the the DT 44541 424 13 skeleton skeleton NN 44541 424 14 , , , 44541 424 15 the the DT 44541 424 16 skull skull NN 44541 424 17 and and CC 44541 424 18 the the DT 44541 424 19 pelvis pelvi NNS 44541 424 20 ; ; : 44541 424 21 and and CC 44541 424 22 , , , 44541 424 23 of of IN 44541 424 24 the the DT 44541 424 25 tegumentary tegumentary JJ 44541 424 26 structures structure NNS 44541 424 27 , , , 44541 424 28 the the DT 44541 424 29 formation formation NN 44541 424 30 of of IN 44541 424 31 a a DT 44541 424 32 hairy hairy JJ 44541 424 33 covering covering NN 44541 424 34 . . . 44541 425 1 Many many JJ 44541 425 2 such such JJ 44541 425 3 creatures creature NNS 44541 425 4 existed exist VBD 44541 425 5 in in IN 44541 425 6 the the DT 44541 425 7 Triassic Triassic NNP 44541 425 8 epoch epoch NN 44541 425 9 -- -- : 44541 425 10 namely namely RB 44541 425 11 , , , 44541 425 12 the the DT 44541 425 13 _ _ NNP 44541 425 14 Theromorpha_--some theromorpha_--some NN 44541 425 15 of of IN 44541 425 16 which which WDT 44541 425 17 indeed indeed RB 44541 425 18 possess possess VBP 44541 425 19 so so RB 44541 425 20 many many JJ 44541 425 21 characteristics characteristic NNS 44541 425 22 which which WDT 44541 425 23 otherwise otherwise RB 44541 425 24 occur occur VBP 44541 425 25 in in IN 44541 425 26 the the DT 44541 425 27 Mammalia Mammalia NNP 44541 425 28 only only RB 44541 425 29 , , , 44541 425 30 that that IN 44541 425 31 these these DT 44541 425 32 creatures creature NNS 44541 425 33 have have VBP 44541 425 34 been be VBN 44541 425 35 termed term VBN 44541 425 36 _ _ NNP 44541 425 37 Sauro Sauro NNP 44541 425 38 - - HYPH 44541 425 39 Mammalia Mammalia NNP 44541 425 40 _ _ NNP 44541 425 41 . . . 44541 426 1 However however RB 44541 426 2 , , , 44541 426 3 it -PRON- PRP 44541 426 4 has have VBZ 44541 426 5 to to TO 44541 426 6 be be VB 44541 426 7 emphasized emphasize VBN 44541 426 8 that that IN 44541 426 9 none none NN 44541 426 10 of of IN 44541 426 11 the the DT 44541 426 12 Theromorpha Theromorpha NNP 44541 426 13 hitherto hitherto NNP 44541 426 14 discovered discover VBD 44541 426 15 fulfils fulfil NNS 44541 426 16 all all PDT 44541 426 17 the the DT 44541 426 18 requirements requirement NNS 44541 426 19 which which WDT 44541 426 20 would would MD 44541 426 21 entitle entitle VB 44541 426 22 them -PRON- PRP 44541 426 23 to to IN 44541 426 24 this this DT 44541 426 25 important important JJ 44541 426 26 linking linking NN 44541 426 27 position position NN 44541 426 28 . . . 44541 427 1 They -PRON- PRP 44541 427 2 only only RB 44541 427 3 give give VBP 44541 427 4 us -PRON- PRP 44541 427 5 an an DT 44541 427 6 approximate approximate JJ 44541 427 7 idea idea NN 44541 427 8 of of IN 44541 427 9 what what WP 44541 427 10 this this DT 44541 427 11 link link NN 44541 427 12 was be VBD 44541 427 13 like like IN 44541 427 14 . . . 44541 428 1 18 18 CD 44541 428 2 . . . 44541 429 1 Stage stage NN 44541 429 2 of of IN 44541 429 3 the the DT 44541 429 4 _ _ NNP 44541 429 5 Promammalia Promammalia NNP 44541 429 6 _ _ NNP 44541 429 7 , , , 44541 429 8 or or CC 44541 429 9 _ _ NNP 44541 429 10 Prototheria Prototheria NNP 44541 429 11 _ _ NNP 44541 429 12 . . . 44541 430 1 The the DT 44541 430 2 only only JJ 44541 430 3 surviving survive VBG 44541 430 4 members member NNS 44541 430 5 are be VBP 44541 430 6 the the DT 44541 430 7 famous famous JJ 44541 430 8 duck duck NN 44541 430 9 - - HYPH 44541 430 10 bill bill NN 44541 430 11 , , , 44541 430 12 Ornithorhynchus Ornithorhynchus NNP 44541 430 13 , , , 44541 430 14 and and CC 44541 430 15 the the DT 44541 430 16 spiny spiny NNP 44541 430 17 ant ant NNP 44541 430 18 - - HYPH 44541 430 19 eaters eater NNS 44541 430 20 , , , 44541 430 21 Echidna Echidna NNP 44541 430 22 and and CC 44541 430 23 Proechidna Proechidna NNP 44541 430 24 , , , 44541 430 25 of of IN 44541 430 26 the the DT 44541 430 27 Australian australian JJ 44541 430 28 region region NN 44541 430 29 . . . 44541 431 1 These these DT 44541 431 2 few few JJ 44541 431 3 genera genera NN 44541 431 4 , , , 44541 431 5 however however RB 44541 431 6 , , , 44541 431 7 differ differ VBP 44541 431 8 so so RB 44541 431 9 much much RB 44541 431 10 from from IN 44541 431 11 one one CD 44541 431 12 another another DT 44541 431 13 in in IN 44541 431 14 various various JJ 44541 431 15 important important JJ 44541 431 16 respects respect NNS 44541 431 17 that that IN 44541 431 18 they -PRON- PRP 44541 431 19 can can MD 44541 431 20 not not RB 44541 431 21 but but CC 44541 431 22 be be VB 44541 431 23 remnants remnant NNS 44541 431 24 of of IN 44541 431 25 an an DT 44541 431 26 originally originally RB 44541 431 27 much much RB 44541 431 28 larger large JJR 44541 431 29 group group NN 44541 431 30 . . . 44541 432 1 Indeed indeed RB 44541 432 2 , , , 44541 432 3 many many JJ 44541 432 4 fossils fossil NNS 44541 432 5 from from IN 44541 432 6 the the DT 44541 432 7 Upper Upper NNP 44541 432 8 Triassic Triassic NNP 44541 432 9 and and CC 44541 432 10 from from IN 44541 432 11 the the DT 44541 432 12 Jurassic Jurassic NNP 44541 432 13 strata strata NN 44541 432 14 have have VBP 44541 432 15 without without IN 44541 432 16 much much JJ 44541 432 17 doubt doubt NN 44541 432 18 to to TO 44541 432 19 be be VB 44541 432 20 referred refer VBN 44541 432 21 to to IN 44541 432 22 the the DT 44541 432 23 Prototheria Prototheria NNP 44541 432 24 . . . 44541 433 1 The the DT 44541 433 2 Prototheria Prototheria NNP 44541 433 3 are be VBP 44541 433 4 typical typical JJ 44541 433 5 mammals mammal NNS 44541 433 6 , , , 44541 433 7 because because IN 44541 433 8 they -PRON- PRP 44541 433 9 possess possess VBP 44541 433 10 the the DT 44541 433 11 following follow VBG 44541 433 12 characteristics characteristic NNS 44541 433 13 : : : 44541 433 14 The the DT 44541 433 15 heart heart NN 44541 433 16 is be VBZ 44541 433 17 completely completely RB 44541 433 18 quadrilocular quadrilocular JJ 44541 433 19 ; ; : 44541 433 20 the the DT 44541 433 21 blood blood NN 44541 433 22 is be VBZ 44541 433 23 warm warm JJ 44541 433 24 , , , 44541 433 25 and and CC 44541 433 26 its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 433 27 red red JJ 44541 433 28 corpuscles corpuscle NNS 44541 433 29 have have VBP 44541 433 30 , , , 44541 433 31 owing owe VBG 44541 433 32 to to IN 44541 433 33 the the DT 44541 433 34 loss loss NN 44541 433 35 of of IN 44541 433 36 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 433 37 nucleus nucleus NN 44541 433 38 , , , 44541 433 39 been be VBN 44541 433 40 modified modify VBN 44541 433 41 from from IN 44541 433 42 biconvex biconvex NNP 44541 433 43 into into IN 44541 433 44 biconcave biconcave IN 44541 433 45 discs disc NNS 44541 433 46 ; ; : 44541 433 47 they -PRON- PRP 44541 433 48 have have VBP 44541 433 49 a a DT 44541 433 50 hairy hairy JJ 44541 433 51 coat coat NN 44541 433 52 and and CC 44541 433 53 sweat sweat NN 44541 433 54 glands gland NNS 44541 433 55 , , , 44541 433 56 and and CC 44541 433 57 two two CD 44541 433 58 occipital occipital JJ 44541 433 59 condyles condyle NNS 44541 433 60 ; ; : 44541 433 61 the the DT 44541 433 62 ilio ilio NN 44541 433 63 - - HYPH 44541 433 64 sacral sacral JJ 44541 433 65 connection connection NN 44541 433 66 is be VBZ 44541 433 67 preacetabular preacetabular JJ 44541 433 68 ; ; : 44541 433 69 the the DT 44541 433 70 ankle ankle NN 44541 433 71 - - HYPH 44541 433 72 joint joint NN 44541 433 73 is be VBZ 44541 433 74 cruro cruro NNP 44541 433 75 - - HYPH 44541 433 76 tarsal tarsal NNP 44541 433 77 ; ; : 44541 433 78 the the DT 44541 433 79 quadrate quadrate JJ 44541 433 80 bone bone NN 44541 433 81 of of IN 44541 433 82 the the DT 44541 433 83 Reptilia Reptilia NNP 44541 433 84 has have VBZ 44541 433 85 ceased cease VBN 44541 433 86 to to TO 44541 433 87 carry carry VB 44541 433 88 the the DT 44541 433 89 under under IN 44541 433 90 jaw jaw NN 44541 433 91 , , , 44541 433 92 which which WDT 44541 433 93 now now RB 44541 433 94 articulates articulate VBZ 44541 433 95 directly directly RB 44541 433 96 with with IN 44541 433 97 the the DT 44541 433 98 squamosal squamosal NN 44541 433 99 portion portion NN 44541 433 100 of of IN 44541 433 101 the the DT 44541 433 102 skull skull NN 44541 433 103 . . . 44541 434 1 Their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 434 2 low low JJ 44541 434 3 position position NN 44541 434 4 is be VBZ 44541 434 5 shown show VBN 44541 434 6 by by IN 44541 434 7 the the DT 44541 434 8 retention retention NN 44541 434 9 of of IN 44541 434 10 the the DT 44541 434 11 following follow VBG 44541 434 12 reptilian reptilian JJ 44541 434 13 features feature NNS 44541 434 14 : : : 44541 434 15 Complete complete VB 44541 434 16 coracoid coracoid NN 44541 434 17 bones bone NNS 44541 434 18 and and CC 44541 434 19 a a DT 44541 434 20 T t NN 44541 434 21 - - HYPH 44541 434 22 shaped shape VBN 44541 434 23 interclavicle interclavicle NN 44541 434 24 ; ; : 44541 434 25 a a DT 44541 434 26 cloaca cloaca NN 44541 434 27 , , , 44541 434 28 or or CC 44541 434 29 common common JJ 44541 434 30 chamber chamber NN 44541 434 31 for for IN 44541 434 32 the the DT 44541 434 33 passage passage NN 44541 434 34 of of IN 44541 434 35 the the DT 44541 434 36 fæces fæce NNS 44541 434 37 , , , 44541 434 38 the the DT 44541 434 39 genital genital NN 44541 434 40 and and CC 44541 434 41 the the DT 44541 434 42 urinary urinary JJ 44541 434 43 products product NNS 44541 434 44 ; ; : 44541 434 45 they -PRON- PRP 44541 434 46 are be VBP 44541 434 47 still still RB 44541 434 48 oviparous oviparous JJ 44541 434 49 ; ; : 44541 434 50 the the DT 44541 434 51 embryo embryo NN 44541 434 52 develops develop VBZ 44541 434 53 without without IN 44541 434 54 a a DT 44541 434 55 chorion chorion NN 44541 434 56 , , , 44541 434 57 and and CC 44541 434 58 is be VBZ 44541 434 59 therefore therefore RB 44541 434 60 not not RB 44541 434 61 nourished nourish VBN 44541 434 62 through through IN 44541 434 63 a a DT 44541 434 64 placenta placenta NN 44541 434 65 . . . 44541 435 1 Even even RB 44541 435 2 the the DT 44541 435 3 milk milk NN 44541 435 4 glands gland NNS 44541 435 5 , , , 44541 435 6 which which WDT 44541 435 7 are be VBP 44541 435 8 absolutely absolutely RB 44541 435 9 peculiar peculiar JJ 44541 435 10 to to IN 44541 435 11 the the DT 44541 435 12 Mammalia Mammalia NNP 44541 435 13 , , , 44541 435 14 are be VBP 44541 435 15 still still RB 44541 435 16 in in IN 44541 435 17 a a DT 44541 435 18 very very RB 44541 435 19 primitive primitive JJ 44541 435 20 stage stage NN 44541 435 21 , , , 44541 435 22 and and CC 44541 435 23 do do VBP 44541 435 24 not not RB 44541 435 25 yet yet RB 44541 435 26 produce produce VB 44541 435 27 milk milk NN 44541 435 28 proper proper JJ 44541 435 29 ; ; : 44541 435 30 and and CC 44541 435 31 there there EX 44541 435 32 is be VBZ 44541 435 33 only only RB 44541 435 34 a a DT 44541 435 35 temporary temporary JJ 44541 435 36 shallow shallow JJ 44541 435 37 marsupium marsupium NN 44541 435 38 . . . 44541 436 1 19 19 CD 44541 436 2 . . . 44541 437 1 Stage stage NN 44541 437 2 of of IN 44541 437 3 _ _ NNP 44541 437 4 Metatheria Metatheria NNP 44541 437 5 _ _ NNP 44541 437 6 , , , 44541 437 7 or or CC 44541 437 8 _ _ NNP 44541 437 9 Marsupialia Marsupialia NNP 44541 437 10 _ _ NNP 44541 437 11 , , , 44541 437 12 are be VBP 44541 437 13 direct direct JJ 44541 437 14 descendants descendant NNS 44541 437 15 of of IN 44541 437 16 Prototheria Prototheria NNP 44541 437 17 ; ; : 44541 437 18 but but CC 44541 437 19 they -PRON- PRP 44541 437 20 show show VBP 44541 437 21 higher high JJR 44541 437 22 development development NN 44541 437 23 by by IN 44541 437 24 the the DT 44541 437 25 reduction reduction NN 44541 437 26 of of IN 44541 437 27 the the DT 44541 437 28 coracoid coracoid NN 44541 437 29 bones bone NNS 44541 437 30 and and CC 44541 437 31 the the DT 44541 437 32 interclavicle interclavicle NN 44541 437 33 . . . 44541 438 1 The the DT 44541 438 2 original original JJ 44541 438 3 cloaca cloaca NN 44541 438 4 is be VBZ 44541 438 5 divided divide VBN 44541 438 6 into into IN 44541 438 7 a a DT 44541 438 8 rectal rectal JJ 44541 438 9 chamber chamber NN 44541 438 10 and and CC 44541 438 11 a a DT 44541 438 12 uro uro NNP 44541 438 13 - - HYPH 44541 438 14 genital genital JJ 44541 438 15 sinus sinus NN 44541 438 16 , , , 44541 438 17 completely completely RB 44541 438 18 separated separate VBN 44541 438 19 , , , 44541 438 20 at at IN 44541 438 21 least least JJS 44541 438 22 in in IN 44541 438 23 the the DT 44541 438 24 males male NNS 44541 438 25 ; ; : 44541 438 26 they -PRON- PRP 44541 438 27 are be VBP 44541 438 28 viviparous viviparous JJ 44541 438 29 ; ; : 44541 438 30 the the DT 44541 438 31 young young JJ 44541 438 32 are be VBP 44541 438 33 received receive VBN 44541 438 34 into into IN 44541 438 35 a a DT 44541 438 36 permanent permanent JJ 44541 438 37 marsupium marsupium NN 44541 438 38 , , , 44541 438 39 in in IN 44541 438 40 the the DT 44541 438 41 walls wall NNS 44541 438 42 of of IN 44541 438 43 which which WDT 44541 438 44 are be VBP 44541 438 45 formed form VBN 44541 438 46 typical typical JJ 44541 438 47 milk milk NN 44541 438 48 glands gland NNS 44541 438 49 and and CC 44541 438 50 nipples nipple NNS 44541 438 51 , , , 44541 438 52 but but CC 44541 438 53 the the DT 44541 438 54 embryo embryo NN 44541 438 55 is be VBZ 44541 438 56 still still RB 44541 438 57 devoid devoid JJ 44541 438 58 of of IN 44541 438 59 a a DT 44541 438 60 placenta placenta NN 44541 438 61 , , , 44541 438 62 although although IN 44541 438 63 some some DT 44541 438 64 recent recent JJ 44541 438 65 marsupials marsupial NNS 44541 438 66 show show VBP 44541 438 67 indications indication NNS 44541 438 68 of of IN 44541 438 69 such such PDT 44541 438 70 an an DT 44541 438 71 organ organ NN 44541 438 72 . . . 44541 439 1 The the DT 44541 439 2 corpus corpus NNP 44541 439 3 callosum callosum NN 44541 439 4 in in IN 44541 439 5 the the DT 44541 439 6 brain brain NN 44541 439 7 is be VBZ 44541 439 8 still still RB 44541 439 9 very very RB 44541 439 10 weak weak JJ 44541 439 11 . . . 44541 440 1 Most Most JJS 44541 440 2 of of IN 44541 440 3 the the DT 44541 440 4 marsupials marsupial NNS 44541 440 5 are be VBP 44541 440 6 extinct extinct JJ 44541 440 7 . . . 44541 441 1 They -PRON- PRP 44541 441 2 occur occur VBP 44541 441 3 from from IN 44541 441 4 the the DT 44541 441 5 Upper Upper NNP 44541 441 6 Trias Trias NNP 44541 441 7 onwards onwards RB 44541 441 8 , , , 44541 441 9 and and CC 44541 441 10 had have VBD 44541 441 11 in in IN 44541 441 12 the the DT 44541 441 13 Jurassic Jurassic NNP 44541 441 14 epoch epoch NN 44541 441 15 attained attain VBD 44541 441 16 a a DT 44541 441 17 wide wide JJ 44541 441 18 distribution distribution NN 44541 441 19 both both DT 44541 441 20 in in IN 44541 441 21 Europe Europe NNP 44541 441 22 and and CC 44541 441 23 in in IN 44541 441 24 America America NNP 44541 441 25 . . . 44541 442 1 Since since IN 44541 442 2 the the DT 44541 442 3 Tertiary Tertiary NNP 44541 442 4 epoch epoch NN 44541 442 5 they -PRON- PRP 44541 442 6 have have VBP 44541 442 7 been be VBN 44541 442 8 restricted restrict VBN 44541 442 9 to to IN 44541 442 10 America America NNP 44541 442 11 and and CC 44541 442 12 to to IN 44541 442 13 the the DT 44541 442 14 Australian australian JJ 44541 442 15 region region NN 44541 442 16 , , , 44541 442 17 and and CC 44541 442 18 are be VBP 44541 442 19 now now RB 44541 442 20 represented represent VBN 44541 442 21 by by IN 44541 442 22 about about RB 44541 442 23 150 150 CD 44541 442 24 species specie NNS 44541 442 25 . . . 44541 443 1 20 20 CD 44541 443 2 . . . 44541 444 1 Stage stage NN 44541 444 2 of of IN 44541 444 3 _ _ NNP 44541 444 4 Prochoriata Prochoriata NNP 44541 444 5 _ _ NNP 44541 444 6 , , , 44541 444 7 or or CC 44541 444 8 early early RB 44541 444 9 _ _ NNP 44541 444 10 Placentalia Placentalia NNP 44541 444 11 _ _ NNP 44541 444 12 : : : 44541 444 13 a a DT 44541 444 14 further further JJ 44541 444 15 development development NN 44541 444 16 of of IN 44541 444 17 the the DT 44541 444 18 Metatheria Metatheria NNP 44541 444 19 by by IN 44541 444 20 the the DT 44541 444 21 development development NN 44541 444 22 of of IN 44541 444 23 a a DT 44541 444 24 placenta placenta NN 44541 444 25 , , , 44541 444 26 loss loss NN 44541 444 27 of of IN 44541 444 28 the the DT 44541 444 29 marsupium marsupium NN 44541 444 30 and and CC 44541 444 31 the the DT 44541 444 32 marsupial marsupial JJ 44541 444 33 bones bone NNS 44541 444 34 , , , 44541 444 35 complete complete JJ 44541 444 36 division division NN 44541 444 37 by by IN 44541 444 38 the the DT 44541 444 39 perineum perineum NN 44541 444 40 of of IN 44541 444 41 the the DT 44541 444 42 anal anal JJ 44541 444 43 and and CC 44541 444 44 uro uro NNP 44541 444 45 - - HYPH 44541 444 46 genital genital JJ 44541 444 47 chambers chamber NNS 44541 444 48 , , , 44541 444 49 stronger strong JJR 44541 444 50 development development NN 44541 444 51 of of IN 44541 444 52 the the DT 44541 444 53 corpus corpus NNP 44541 444 54 callosum callosum NNP 44541 444 55 , , , 44541 444 56 or or CC 44541 444 57 chief chief JJ 44541 444 58 commissure commissure NN 44541 444 59 of of IN 44541 444 60 the the DT 44541 444 61 two two CD 44541 444 62 hemispheres hemisphere NNS 44541 444 63 of of IN 44541 444 64 the the DT 44541 444 65 brain brain NN 44541 444 66 . . . 44541 445 1 Placentalia Placentalia NNP 44541 445 2 must must MD 44541 445 3 have have VB 44541 445 4 come come VBN 44541 445 5 into into IN 44541 445 6 existence existence NN 44541 445 7 during during IN 44541 445 8 the the DT 44541 445 9 Cretaceous cretaceous JJ 44541 445 10 epoch epoch NN 44541 445 11 . . . 44541 446 1 Up up IN 44541 446 2 to to IN 44541 446 3 that that DT 44541 446 4 time time NN 44541 446 5 all all PDT 44541 446 6 the the DT 44541 446 7 Mammalia Mammalia NNP 44541 446 8 seem seem VBP 44541 446 9 to to TO 44541 446 10 have have VB 44541 446 11 belonged belong VBN 44541 446 12 to to IN 44541 446 13 either either CC 44541 446 14 Prototheria Prototheria NNP 44541 446 15 or or CC 44541 446 16 to to IN 44541 446 17 Metatheria Metatheria NNP 44541 446 18 ; ; : 44541 446 19 but but CC 44541 446 20 in in IN 44541 446 21 the the DT 44541 446 22 early early JJ 44541 446 23 Eocene eocene NN 44541 446 24 we -PRON- PRP 44541 446 25 can can MD 44541 446 26 distinguish distinguish VB 44541 446 27 the the DT 44541 446 28 main main JJ 44541 446 29 groups group NNS 44541 446 30 of of IN 44541 446 31 Placentalia Placentalia NNP 44541 446 32 -- -- : 44541 446 33 namely namely RB 44541 446 34 , , , 44541 446 35 ( ( -LRB- 44541 446 36 1 1 LS 44541 446 37 ) ) -RRB- 44541 446 38 Trogontia Trogontia NNP 44541 446 39 , , , 44541 446 40 now now RB 44541 446 41 represented represent VBN 44541 446 42 by by IN 44541 446 43 the the DT 44541 446 44 rodents rodent NNS 44541 446 45 ; ; : 44541 446 46 ( ( -LRB- 44541 446 47 2 2 LS 44541 446 48 ) ) -RRB- 44541 446 49 Edentata Edentata NNP 44541 446 50 , , , 44541 446 51 or or CC 44541 446 52 sloths sloth NNS 44541 446 53 , , , 44541 446 54 armadilloes armadilloe NNS 44541 446 55 , , , 44541 446 56 etc etc FW 44541 446 57 . . . 44541 447 1 ; ; : 44541 447 2 ( ( -LRB- 44541 447 3 3 3 LS 44541 447 4 ) ) -RRB- 44541 447 5 Carnassia Carnassia NNP 44541 447 6 , , , 44541 447 7 or or CC 44541 447 8 Insectivora Insectivora NNP 44541 447 9 and and CC 44541 447 10 Carnivora Carnivora NNP 44541 447 11 ; ; : 44541 447 12 ( ( -LRB- 44541 447 13 4 4 LS 44541 447 14 ) ) -RRB- 44541 447 15 Chiroptera Chiroptera NNP 44541 447 16 , , , 44541 447 17 or or CC 44541 447 18 bats bat NNS 44541 447 19 ; ; , 44541 447 20 ( ( -LRB- 44541 447 21 5 5 LS 44541 447 22 ) ) -RRB- 44541 447 23 Cetomorpha Cetomorpha NNP 44541 447 24 , , , 44541 447 25 or or CC 44541 447 26 whales whale NNS 44541 447 27 and and CC 44541 447 28 dugongs dugong NNS 44541 447 29 ; ; , 44541 447 30 ( ( -LRB- 44541 447 31 6 6 LS 44541 447 32 ) ) -RRB- 44541 447 33 Ungulata Ungulata NNP 44541 447 34 ; ; : 44541 447 35 ( ( -LRB- 44541 447 36 7 7 LS 44541 447 37 ) ) -RRB- 44541 447 38 Primates primate NNS 44541 447 39 . . . 44541 448 1 Of of IN 44541 448 2 these these DT 44541 448 3 groups group NNS 44541 448 4 , , , 44541 448 5 the the DT 44541 448 6 first first JJ 44541 448 7 and and CC 44541 448 8 second second JJ 44541 448 9 , , , 44541 448 10 third third JJ 44541 448 11 and and CC 44541 448 12 fourth fourth JJ 44541 448 13 , , , 44541 448 14 fifth fifth JJ 44541 448 15 and and CC 44541 448 16 sixth sixth JJ 44541 448 17 , , , 44541 448 18 can can MD 44541 448 19 perhaps perhaps RB 44541 448 20 , , , 44541 448 21 to to TO 44541 448 22 judge judge VB 44541 448 23 from from IN 44541 448 24 palæontological palæontological JJ 44541 448 25 evidence evidence NN 44541 448 26 , , , 44541 448 27 be be VB 44541 448 28 combined combine VBN 44541 448 29 into into IN 44541 448 30 three three CD 44541 448 31 greater great JJR 44541 448 32 groups group NNS 44541 448 33 , , , 44541 448 34 as as IN 44541 448 35 indicated indicate VBN 44541 448 36 by by IN 44541 448 37 the the DT 44541 448 38 fossil fossil NN 44541 448 39 Esthonychida Esthonychida NNP 44541 448 40 , , , 44541 448 41 Ictopsida Ictopsida NNP 44541 448 42 , , , 44541 448 43 and and CC 44541 448 44 Condylarthra Condylarthra NNP 44541 448 45 , , , 44541 448 46 in in IN 44541 448 47 addition addition NN 44541 448 48 to to IN 44541 448 49 the the DT 44541 448 50 ancestral ancestral JJ 44541 448 51 Primates Primates NNPS 44541 448 52 , , , 44541 448 53 or or CC 44541 448 54 Lemuravida Lemuravida NNP 44541 448 55 , , , 44541 448 56 as as IN 44541 448 57 the the DT 44541 448 58 fourth fourth JJ 44541 448 59 large large JJ 44541 448 60 branch branch NN 44541 448 61 of of IN 44541 448 62 the the DT 44541 448 63 ancestral ancestral JJ 44541 448 64 - - HYPH 44541 448 65 tree tree NN 44541 448 66 where where WRB 44541 448 67 this this DT 44541 448 68 has have VBZ 44541 448 69 reached reach VBN 44541 448 70 the the DT 44541 448 71 placental placental JJ 44541 448 72 level level NN 44541 448 73 . . . 44541 449 1 Among among IN 44541 449 2 none none NN 44541 449 3 of of IN 44541 449 4 the the DT 44541 449 5 first first JJ 44541 449 6 three three CD 44541 449 7 branches branch NNS 44541 449 8 can can MD 44541 449 9 we -PRON- PRP 44541 449 10 look look VB 44541 449 11 for for IN 44541 449 12 the the DT 44541 449 13 ancestors ancestor NNS 44541 449 14 of of IN 44541 449 15 the the DT 44541 449 16 Primates Primates NNPS 44541 449 17 . . . 44541 450 1 The the DT 44541 450 2 Lemuravida Lemuravida NNP 44541 450 3 , , , 44541 450 4 therefore therefore RB 44541 450 5 , , , 44541 450 6 represent represent VB 44541 450 7 a a DT 44541 450 8 branch branch NN 44541 450 9 equivalent equivalent JJ 44541 450 10 to to IN 44541 450 11 the the DT 44541 450 12 three three CD 44541 450 13 other other JJ 44541 450 14 branches branch NNS 44541 450 15 . . . 44541 451 1 21 21 CD 44541 451 2 . . . 44541 452 1 Stage stage NN 44541 452 2 of of IN 44541 452 3 _ _ NNP 44541 452 4 Lemures Lemures NNPS 44541 452 5 _ _ NNP 44541 452 6 , , , 44541 452 7 or or CC 44541 452 8 _ _ NNP 44541 452 9 Prosimiæ Prosimiæ NNP 44541 452 10 _ _ NNP 44541 452 11 , , , 44541 452 12 comprising comprise VBG 44541 452 13 the the DT 44541 452 14 older old JJR 44541 452 15 members member NNS 44541 452 16 of of IN 44541 452 17 the the DT 44541 452 18 Primates Primates NNPS 44541 452 19 , , , 44541 452 20 consequently consequently RB 44541 452 21 approaching approach VBG 44541 452 22 most most RBS 44541 452 23 nearly nearly RB 44541 452 24 to to IN 44541 452 25 the the DT 44541 452 26 Lemuravida Lemuravida NNP 44541 452 27 . . . 44541 453 1 The the DT 44541 453 2 limbs limb NNS 44541 453 3 are be VBP 44541 453 4 modified modify VBN 44541 453 5 into into IN 44541 453 6 pentadactyle pentadactyle NN 44541 453 7 hands hand NNS 44541 453 8 and and CC 44541 453 9 feet foot NNS 44541 453 10 of of IN 44541 453 11 the the DT 44541 453 12 arboreal arboreal JJ 44541 453 13 type type NN 44541 453 14 , , , 44541 453 15 and and CC 44541 453 16 are be VBP 44541 453 17 protected protect VBN 44541 453 18 by by IN 44541 453 19 nails nail NNS 44541 453 20 . . . 44541 454 1 The the DT 44541 454 2 dentition dentition NN 44541 454 3 is be VBZ 44541 454 4 of of IN 44541 454 5 the the DT 44541 454 6 frugivorous frugivorous JJ 44541 454 7 or or CC 44541 454 8 omnivorous omnivorous JJ 44541 454 9 type type NN 44541 454 10 , , , 44541 454 11 with with IN 44541 454 12 an an DT 44541 454 13 originally originally RB 44541 454 14 complete complete JJ 44541 454 15 series series NN 44541 454 16 of of IN 44541 454 17 teeth tooth NNS 44541 454 18 , , , 44541 454 19 with with IN 44541 454 20 milk milk NN 44541 454 21 teeth tooth NNS 44541 454 22 and and CC 44541 454 23 with with IN 44541 454 24 permanent permanent JJ 44541 454 25 . . . 44541 455 1 The the DT 44541 455 2 orbit orbit NN 44541 455 3 is be VBZ 44541 455 4 surrounded surround VBN 44541 455 5 by by IN 44541 455 6 a a DT 44541 455 7 complete complete JJ 44541 455 8 bony bony NN 44541 455 9 ring ring NN 44541 455 10 , , , 44541 455 11 posteriorly posteriorly RB 44541 455 12 by by IN 44541 455 13 a a DT 44541 455 14 fronto fronto JJ 44541 455 15 - - HYPH 44541 455 16 jugal jugal JJ 44541 455 17 arch arch NN 44541 455 18 , , , 44541 455 19 but but CC 44541 455 20 still still RB 44541 455 21 widely widely RB 44541 455 22 communicating communicate VBG 44541 455 23 with with IN 44541 455 24 the the DT 44541 455 25 temporal temporal JJ 44541 455 26 fossa fossa NN 44541 455 27 . . . 44541 456 1 The the DT 44541 456 2 placenta placenta NN 44541 456 3 is be VBZ 44541 456 4 diffuse diffuse NN 44541 456 5 and and CC 44541 456 6 non non JJ 44541 456 7 - - JJ 44541 456 8 deciduous deciduous JJ 44541 456 9 . . . 44541 457 1 ANCESTRAL ancestral JJ 44541 457 2 TREE tree NN 44541 457 3 OF of IN 44541 457 4 THE the DT 44541 457 5 MAMMALIA mammalia NN 44541 457 6 . . . 44541 458 1 _ _ NNP 44541 458 2 ' ' `` 44541 458 3 Systematische Systematische NNP 44541 458 4 Phylogenie Phylogenie NNP 44541 458 5 , , , 44541 458 6 ' ' '' 44541 458 7 § § -LRB- 44541 458 8 386 386 CD 44541 458 9 . . . 44541 458 10 _ _ NNP 44541 458 11 _ _ NNP 44541 458 12 Perissodactyla Perissodactyla NNP 44541 458 13 _ _ NNP 44541 458 14 _ _ NNP 44541 458 15 Homo Homo NNP 44541 458 16 _ _ NNP 44541 458 17 _ _ NNP 44541 458 18 Carnivora Carnivora NNP 44541 458 19 _ _ NNP 44541 458 20 | | NNP 44541 458 21 ( ( -LRB- 44541 458 22 _ _ NNP 44541 458 23 Litopterna Litopterna NNP 44541 458 24 _ _ NNP 44541 458 25 ) ) -RRB- 44541 458 26 | | NNP 44541 458 27 | | NNP 44541 458 28 _ _ NNP 44541 458 29 Pinnipedia Pinnipedia NNP 44541 458 30 _ _ NNP 44541 458 31 | | NNP 44541 458 32 | | NNP 44541 458 33 | | CD 44541 458 34 | | CD 44541 458 35 | | CD 44541 458 36 + + CC 44541 458 37 -------+ -------+ NN 44541 458 38 _ _ NNP 44541 458 39 Anthropoidae Anthropoidae NNP 44541 458 40 _ _ NNP 44541 458 41 + + SYM 44541 458 42 ------+ ------+ NNP 44541 458 43 _ _ NNP 44541 458 44 Artiodactyla Artiodactyla NNP 44541 458 45 _ _ NNP 44541 458 46 | | NNP 44541 458 47 | | NNP 44541 458 48 | | NNP 44541 458 49 | | CD 44541 458 50 | | CD 44541 458 51 | | NNP 44541 458 52 _ _ NNP 44541 458 53 Carnassia Carnassia NNP 44541 458 54 _ _ NNP 44541 458 55 + + SYM 44541 458 56 ----------+ ----------+ NN 44541 458 57 _ _ NNP 44541 458 58 Catarhinæ Catarhinæ NNP 44541 458 59 _ _ NNP 44541 458 60 | | NNP 44541 458 61 | | NNP 44541 458 62 | | NNP 44541 458 63 _ _ NNP 44541 458 64 Chiroptera Chiroptera NNP 44541 458 65 _ _ NNP 44541 458 66 | | NNP 44541 458 67 _ _ NNP 44541 458 68 Proboscidea Proboscidea NNP 44541 458 69 _ _ NNP 44541 458 70 | | NNP 44541 458 71 | | NNP 44541 458 72 | | NNP 44541 458 73 _ _ NNP 44541 458 74 Insectivora Insectivora NNP 44541 458 75 _ _ NNP 44541 458 76 | | NNP 44541 458 77 | | NNP 44541 458 78 | | NNP 44541 458 79 _ _ NNP 44541 458 80 Platyrhinæ Platyrhinæ NNP 44541 458 81 _ _ NNP 44541 458 82 | | NNP 44541 458 83 | | NNP 44541 458 84 | | NNS 44541 458 85 ( ( -LRB- 44541 458 86 _ _ NNP 44541 458 87 Amblypoda Amblypoda NNP 44541 458 88 _ _ NNP 44541 458 89 ) ) -RRB- 44541 458 90 | | NNP 44541 458 91 | | CD 44541 458 92 | | CD 44541 458 93 | | CD 44541 458 94 + + CC 44541 458 95 -------+ -------+ NN 44541 458 96 | | NNP 44541 458 97 | | NNP 44541 458 98 | | CD 44541 458 99 | | CD 44541 458 100 | | CD 44541 458 101 | | NNP 44541 458 102 _ _ NNP 44541 458 103 Rodentia Rodentia NNP 44541 458 104 _ _ NNP 44541 458 105 + + CC 44541 458 106 -------+ -------+ NNP 44541 458 107 | | NNP 44541 458 108 _ _ NNP 44541 458 109 Simiæ Simiæ NNP 44541 458 110 _ _ NNP 44541 458 111 + + CC 44541 458 112 -------+ -------+ NNP 44541 458 113 | | NNP 44541 458 114 | | NNP 44541 458 115 | | CD 44541 458 116 | | CD 44541 458 117 | | NNS 44541 458 118 ( ( -LRB- 44541 458 119 _ _ NNP 44541 458 120 Tillodontia Tillodontia NNP 44541 458 121 _ _ NNP 44541 458 122 ) ) -RRB- 44541 458 123 + + SYM 44541 458 124 --+ --+ NNP 44541 458 125 | | NNP 44541 458 126 | | NNP 44541 458 127 | | NNP 44541 458 128 _ _ NNP 44541 458 129 Cetacea Cetacea NNP 44541 458 130 _ _ NNP 44541 458 131 | | NNP 44541 458 132 | | NNP 44541 458 133 | | NNP 44541 458 134 _ _ NNP 44541 458 135 Trogontia Trogontia NNP 44541 458 136 _ _ NNP 44541 458 137 | | NNP 44541 458 138 _ _ NNP 44541 458 139 Sirenia Sirenia NNP 44541 458 140 _ _ NNP 44541 458 141 | | NNP 44541 458 142 _ _ NNP 44541 458 143 Lemures Lemures NNPS 44541 458 144 _ _ NNP 44541 458 145 _ _ NNP 44541 458 146 * * NFP 44541 458 147 Ictopsales Ictopsales NNPS 44541 458 148 * * NFP 44541 458 149 _ _ NNP 44541 458 150 | | NNP 44541 458 151 _ _ NNP 44541 458 152 Edentata Edentata NNP 44541 458 153 _ _ NNP 44541 458 154 | | NNP 44541 458 155 | | NNP 44541 458 156 | | CD 44541 458 157 | | CD 44541 458 158 | | CD 44541 458 159 | | CD 44541 458 160 | | NNP 44541 458 161 _ _ NNP 44541 458 162 Cetomorpha Cetomorpha NNP 44541 458 163 _ _ NNP 44541 458 164 | | NNP 44541 458 165 _ _ NNP 44541 458 166 Hyracoidea Hyracoidea NNP 44541 458 167 _ _ NNP 44541 458 168 | | NNP 44541 458 169 | | NNP 44541 458 170 _ _ NNP 44541 458 171 * * NFP 44541 458 172 Esthonychales Esthonychales NNP 44541 458 173 * * NFP 44541 458 174 _ _ NNP 44541 458 175 | | NNP 44541 458 176 | | NNP 44541 458 177 | | CD 44541 458 178 | | CD 44541 458 179 | | CD 44541 458 180 | | CD 44541 458 181 + + CC 44541 458 182 ---_?_---+------+ ---_?_---+------+ NN 44541 458 183 | | NNP 44541 458 184 | | NNP 44541 458 185 | | CD 44541 458 186 | | CD 44541 458 187 _ _ NNP 44541 458 188 * * NFP 44541 458 189 Lemuravidæ Lemuravidæ NNP 44541 458 190 * * NFP 44541 458 191 _ _ NNP 44541 458 192 | | NNP 44541 458 193 | | NNP 44541 458 194 _ _ NNP 44541 458 195 * * NFP 44541 458 196 Condylarthrales Condylarthrales NNP 44541 458 197 * * NFP 44541 458 198 _ _ NNP 44541 458 199 | | NNP 44541 458 200 + + CC 44541 458 201 -------+ -------+ NN 44541 458 202 | | NNP 44541 458 203 | | NNP 44541 458 204 | | CD 44541 458 205 | | CD 44541 458 206 | | CD 44541 458 207 + + CC 44541 458 208 --------Eutheria --------Eutheria HYPH 44541 458 209 s. s. NNP 44541 458 210 Placentalia------------------+ Placentalia------------------+ NNP 44541 458 211 | | NNP 44541 458 212 | | NNP 44541 458 213 _ _ NNP 44541 458 214 Marsupialia Marsupialia NNP 44541 458 215 polyprotodontia polyprotodontia NN 44541 458 216 _ _ NNP 44541 458 217 _ _ NNP 44541 458 218 Marsupialia Marsupialia NNP 44541 458 219 diprotodontia diprotodontia NN 44541 458 220 _ _ NNP 44541 458 221 | | NNP 44541 458 222 | | NNP 44541 458 223 | | CD 44541 458 224 | | CD 44541 458 225 | | CD 44541 458 226 + + CC 44541 458 227 -------------Metatheria--------------+ -------------Metatheria--------------+ NNP 44541 458 228 | | NNP 44541 458 229 | | NNP 44541 458 230 _ _ NNP 44541 458 231 Monotremata Monotremata NNP 44541 458 232 _ _ NNP 44541 458 233 | | NNP 44541 458 234 | | NNP 44541 458 235 ( ( -LRB- 44541 458 236 _ _ NNP 44541 458 237 Allotheria Allotheria NNP 44541 458 238 _ _ NNP 44541 458 239 ) ) -RRB- 44541 458 240 | | NNP 44541 458 241 | | NNP 44541 458 242 | | CD 44541 458 243 | | CD 44541 458 244 + + CC 44541 458 245 -----------------+ -----------------+ HYPH 44541 458 246 | | NNP 44541 458 247 | | NNP 44541 458 248 Prototheria-----+ Prototheria-----+ NNP 44541 458 249 | | NNP 44541 458 250 | | NNP 44541 458 251 _ _ NNP 44541 458 252 * * NFP 44541 458 253 Hypotheria Hypotheria NNP 44541 458 254 s. s. NN 44541 458 255 * * NFP 44541 458 256 _ _ NNP 44541 458 257 _ _ NNP 44541 458 258 * * NFP 44541 458 259 Promammalia Promammalia NNP 44541 458 260 * * NFP 44541 458 261 _ _ NNP 44541 458 262 _ _ NNP 44541 458 263 Names Names NNP 44541 458 264 in in IN 44541 458 265 brackets bracket NNS 44541 458 266 indicate indicate VBP 44541 458 267 extinct extinct JJ 44541 458 268 groups group NNS 44541 458 269 . . . 44541 459 1 Names name NNS 44541 459 2 * * NFP 44541 459 3 underlined underline VBD 44541 459 4 * * NFP 44541 459 5 indicate indicate VBP 44541 459 6 hypothetical hypothetical JJ 44541 459 7 groups group NNS 44541 459 8 or or CC 44541 459 9 combinations combination NNS 44541 459 10 . . . 44541 459 11 _ _ NNP 44541 459 12 22 22 CD 44541 459 13 . . . 44541 460 1 Stage stage NN 44541 460 2 of of IN 44541 460 3 _ _ NNP 44541 460 4 Simiæ Simiæ NNP 44541 460 5 _ _ NNP 44541 460 6 . . . 44541 461 1 Orbit orbit NN 44541 461 2 completely completely RB 44541 461 3 separated separate VBD 44541 461 4 from from IN 44541 461 5 the the DT 44541 461 6 temporal temporal JJ 44541 461 7 fossa fossa NN 44541 461 8 by by IN 44541 461 9 an an DT 44541 461 10 inward inward JJ 44541 461 11 extension extension NN 44541 461 12 of of IN 44541 461 13 the the DT 44541 461 14 frontal frontal JJ 44541 461 15 and and CC 44541 461 16 malar malar JJ 44541 461 17 bones bone NNS 44541 461 18 meeting meet VBG 44541 461 19 the the DT 44541 461 20 alisphenoid alisphenoid NN 44541 461 21 . . . 44541 462 1 Placenta Placenta NNP 44541 462 2 consolidated consolidate VBD 44541 462 3 into into IN 44541 462 4 a a DT 44541 462 5 disc disc NN 44541 462 6 , , , 44541 462 7 and and CC 44541 462 8 with with IN 44541 462 9 a a DT 44541 462 10 maternal maternal JJ 44541 462 11 deciduous deciduous JJ 44541 462 12 portion portion NN 44541 462 13 . . . 44541 463 1 Mammæ Mammæ NNP 44541 463 2 pectoral pectoral NN 44541 463 3 only only RB 44541 463 4 . . . 44541 464 1 The the DT 44541 464 2 dental dental JJ 44541 464 3 formula formula NN 44541 464 4 is be VBZ 44541 464 5 2.1.3.3 2.1.3.3 CD 44541 464 6 . . . 44541 465 1 All all PDT 44541 465 2 the the DT 44541 465 3 fingers finger NNS 44541 465 4 and and CC 44541 465 5 toes toe NNS 44541 465 6 are be VBP 44541 465 7 protected protect VBN 44541 465 8 by by IN 44541 465 9 flat flat JJ 44541 465 10 nails nail NNS 44541 465 11 . . . 44541 466 1 The the DT 44541 466 2 tail tail NN 44541 466 3 is be VBZ 44541 466 4 long long JJ 44541 466 5 . . . 44541 467 1 The the DT 44541 467 2 American american JJ 44541 467 3 prehensile prehensile NN 44541 467 4 - - HYPH 44541 467 5 tailed tail VBN 44541 467 6 monkeys monkey NNS 44541 467 7 are be VBP 44541 467 8 a a DT 44541 467 9 lower low JJR 44541 467 10 side side NN 44541 467 11 - - HYPH 44541 467 12 branch branch NN 44541 467 13 . . . 44541 468 1 23 23 CD 44541 468 2 . . . 44541 469 1 Stage stage NN 44541 469 2 of of IN 44541 469 3 _ _ NNP 44541 469 4 Catarrhinæ Catarrhinæ NNP 44541 469 5 Cercopithecidæ Cercopithecidæ NNP 44541 469 6 _ _ NNP 44541 469 7 . . . 44541 470 1 The the DT 44541 470 2 dental dental JJ 44541 470 3 formula formula NN 44541 470 4 is be VBZ 44541 470 5 2.1.2.3 2.1.2.3 CD 44541 470 6 , , , 44541 470 7 owing owe VBG 44541 470 8 to to IN 44541 470 9 the the DT 44541 470 10 loss loss NN 44541 470 11 of of IN 44541 470 12 one one CD 44541 470 13 pair pair NN 44541 470 14 of of IN 44541 470 15 premolars premolar NNS 44541 470 16 in in IN 44541 470 17 each each DT 44541 470 18 jaw jaw NN 44541 470 19 . . . 44541 471 1 The the DT 44541 471 2 frontal frontal JJ 44541 471 3 and and CC 44541 471 4 alisphenoid alisphenoid JJ 44541 471 5 bones bone NNS 44541 471 6 are be VBP 44541 471 7 in in IN 44541 471 8 contact contact NN 44541 471 9 , , , 44541 471 10 separating separate VBG 44541 471 11 the the DT 44541 471 12 parietal parietal NN 44541 471 13 from from IN 44541 471 14 the the DT 44541 471 15 malar malar JJ 44541 471 16 bone bone NN 44541 471 17 ; ; : 44541 471 18 this this DT 44541 471 19 feature feature NN 44541 471 20 is be VBZ 44541 471 21 correlated correlate VBN 44541 471 22 with with IN 44541 471 23 the the DT 44541 471 24 enlarged enlarged JJ 44541 471 25 brain brain NN 44541 471 26 . . . 44541 472 1 The the DT 44541 472 2 internarial internarial JJ 44541 472 3 septum septum NN 44541 472 4 is be VBZ 44541 472 5 narrow narrow JJ 44541 472 6 , , , 44541 472 7 and and CC 44541 472 8 the the DT 44541 472 9 nostrils nostril NNS 44541 472 10 look look VBP 44541 472 11 forwards forwards RB 44541 472 12 and and CC 44541 472 13 downwards downwards RB 44541 472 14 instead instead RB 44541 472 15 of of IN 44541 472 16 sidewards sideward NNS 44541 472 17 -- -- : 44541 472 18 hence hence RB 44541 472 19 the the DT 44541 472 20 term term NN 44541 472 21 ' ' `` 44541 472 22 Catarrhinæ Catarrhinæ NNP 44541 472 23 . . . 44541 472 24 ' ' '' 44541 473 1 The the DT 44541 473 2 external external JJ 44541 473 3 auditory auditory JJ 44541 473 4 meatus meatus NNP 44541 473 5 is be VBZ 44541 473 6 long long JJ 44541 473 7 and and CC 44541 473 8 bony bony JJ 44541 473 9 . . . 44541 474 1 The the DT 44541 474 2 tail tail NN 44541 474 3 is be VBZ 44541 474 4 long long JJ 44541 474 5 , , , 44541 474 6 with with IN 44541 474 7 the the DT 44541 474 8 exception exception NN 44541 474 9 of of IN 44541 474 10 _ _ NNP 44541 474 11 Macacus Macacus NNP 44541 474 12 inuus inuus NN 44541 474 13 _ _ NNP 44541 474 14 . . . 44541 475 1 The the DT 44541 475 2 body body NN 44541 475 3 is be VBZ 44541 475 4 covered cover VBN 44541 475 5 with with IN 44541 475 6 a a DT 44541 475 7 thick thick JJ 44541 475 8 coat coat NN 44541 475 9 of of IN 44541 475 10 furry furry JJ 44541 475 11 hair hair NN 44541 475 12 . . . 44541 476 1 Catarrhine catarrhine NN 44541 476 2 monkeys monkey NNS 44541 476 3 have have VBP 44541 476 4 existed exist VBN 44541 476 5 , , , 44541 476 6 we -PRON- PRP 44541 476 7 know know VBP 44541 476 8 with with IN 44541 476 9 certainty certainty NN 44541 476 10 , , , 44541 476 11 since since IN 44541 476 12 the the DT 44541 476 13 Miocene Miocene NNP 44541 476 14 . . . 44541 477 1 24 24 CD 44541 477 2 . . . 44541 478 1 Stage stage NN 44541 478 2 of of IN 44541 478 3 _ _ NNP 44541 478 4 Catarrhinæ Catarrhinæ NNP 44541 478 5 Anthropoidæ Anthropoidæ NNP 44541 478 6 _ _ NNP 44541 478 7 , , , 44541 478 8 or or CC 44541 478 9 _ _ NNP 44541 478 10 Apes Apes NNP 44541 478 11 _ _ NNP 44541 478 12 . . . 44541 479 1 Now now RB 44541 479 2 represented represent VBN 44541 479 3 by by IN 44541 479 4 the the DT 44541 479 5 large large JJ 44541 479 6 apes ape NNS 44541 479 7 -- -- : 44541 479 8 namely namely RB 44541 479 9 , , , 44541 479 10 the the DT 44541 479 11 Hylobates Hylobates NNPS 44541 479 12 or or CC 44541 479 13 gibbon gibbon NN 44541 479 14 of of IN 44541 479 15 South South NNP 44541 479 16 - - HYPH 44541 479 17 Eastern Eastern NNP 44541 479 18 Asia Asia NNP 44541 479 19 , , , 44541 479 20 _ _ NNP 44541 479 21 Simia Simia NNP 44541 479 22 satyrus satyrus NNP 44541 479 23 _ _ NNP 44541 479 24 , , , 44541 479 25 the the DT 44541 479 26 orang orang NNP 44541 479 27 - - HYPH 44541 479 28 utan utan NNP 44541 479 29 of of IN 44541 479 30 Sumatra Sumatra NNP 44541 479 31 and and CC 44541 479 32 Borneo Borneo NNP 44541 479 33 , , , 44541 479 34 _ _ NNP 44541 479 35 Troglodytes Troglodytes NNP 44541 479 36 gorilla gorilla NN 44541 479 37 _ _ NNP 44541 479 38 , , , 44541 479 39 _ _ NNP 44541 479 40 T. T. NNP 44541 480 1 niger niger NNP 44541 480 2 _ _ NNP 44541 480 3 and and CC 44541 480 4 _ _ NNP 44541 480 5 T. T. NNP 44541 481 1 calvus calvus NNP 44541 481 2 _ _ NNP 44541 481 3 , , , 44541 481 4 the the DT 44541 481 5 gorilla gorilla NN 44541 481 6 and and CC 44541 481 7 the the DT 44541 481 8 chimpanzees chimpanzee NNS 44541 481 9 from from IN 44541 481 10 Western Western NNP 44541 481 11 Equatorial Equatorial NNP 44541 481 12 Africa Africa NNP 44541 481 13 . . . 44541 482 1 Of of IN 44541 482 2 fossils fossil NNS 44541 482 3 are be VBP 44541 482 4 to to TO 44541 482 5 be be VB 44541 482 6 mentioned mention VBN 44541 482 7 Pliopithecus Pliopithecus NNP 44541 482 8 and and CC 44541 482 9 Dryopithecus Dryopithecus NNP 44541 482 10 from from IN 44541 482 11 European European NNP 44541 482 12 Miocene Miocene NNP 44541 482 13 , , , 44541 482 14 and and CC 44541 482 15 _ _ NNP 44541 482 16 Troglodytes Troglodytes NNP 44541 482 17 sivalensis sivalensis NN 44541 482 18 _ _ NNP 44541 482 19 from from IN 44541 482 20 the the DT 44541 482 21 Pliocene Pliocene NNP 44541 482 22 of of IN 44541 482 23 the the DT 44541 482 24 Punjaub Punjaub NNP 44541 482 25 . . . 44541 483 1 The the DT 44541 483 2 tail tail NN 44541 483 3 is be VBZ 44541 483 4 reduced reduce VBN 44541 483 5 to to IN 44541 483 6 a a DT 44541 483 7 few few JJ 44541 483 8 caudal caudal JJ 44541 483 9 vertebræ vertebræ NN 44541 483 10 , , , 44541 483 11 which which WDT 44541 483 12 are be VBP 44541 483 13 transformed transform VBN 44541 483 14 into into IN 44541 483 15 a a DT 44541 483 16 coccyx coccyx NN 44541 483 17 , , , 44541 483 18 not not RB 44541 483 19 visible visible JJ 44541 483 20 externally externally RB 44541 483 21 ; ; : 44541 483 22 but but CC 44541 483 23 in in IN 44541 483 24 the the DT 44541 483 25 embryos embryo NNS 44541 483 26 of of IN 44541 483 27 apes ape NNS 44541 483 28 and and CC 44541 483 29 man man NN 44541 483 30 the the DT 44541 483 31 tail tail NN 44541 483 32 is be VBZ 44541 483 33 still still RB 44541 483 34 a a DT 44541 483 35 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 44541 483 36 feature feature NN 44541 483 37 . . . 44541 484 1 The the DT 44541 484 2 walk walk NN 44541 484 3 is be VBZ 44541 484 4 semierect semierect JJ 44541 484 5 ; ; : 44541 484 6 in in IN 44541 484 7 adaptation adaptation NN 44541 484 8 to to IN 44541 484 9 the the DT 44541 484 10 prevailing prevail VBG 44541 484 11 arboreal arboreal JJ 44541 484 12 life life NN 44541 484 13 , , , 44541 484 14 the the DT 44541 484 15 arms arm NNS 44541 484 16 are be VBP 44541 484 17 longer long JJR 44541 484 18 than than IN 44541 484 19 the the DT 44541 484 20 legs leg NNS 44541 484 21 . . . 44541 485 1 The the DT 44541 485 2 hair hair NN 44541 485 3 of of IN 44541 485 4 the the DT 44541 485 5 body body NN 44541 485 6 is be VBZ 44541 485 7 considerably considerably RB 44541 485 8 more more JJR 44541 485 9 scanty scanty NN 44541 485 10 than than IN 44541 485 11 in in IN 44541 485 12 the the DT 44541 485 13 tailed tailed JJ 44541 485 14 monkeys monkey NNS 44541 485 15 . . . 44541 486 1 _ _ NNP 44541 486 2 Troglodytes Troglodytes NNP 44541 486 3 calvus calvu VBD 44541 486 4 _ _ NNP 44541 486 5 , , , 44541 486 6 a a DT 44541 486 7 species species NN 44541 486 8 or or CC 44541 486 9 variety variety NN 44541 486 10 of of IN 44541 486 11 chimpanzee chimpanzee NN 44541 486 12 , , , 44541 486 13 is be VBZ 44541 486 14 bald bald JJ 44541 486 15 - - HYPH 44541 486 16 headed head VBN 44541 486 17 . . . 44541 487 1 None none NN 44541 487 2 of of IN 44541 487 3 the the DT 44541 487 4 recent recent JJ 44541 487 5 genera genera NN 44541 487 6 of of IN 44541 487 7 apes ape NNS 44541 487 8 can can MD 44541 487 9 lay lay VB 44541 487 10 claim claim NN 44541 487 11 to to IN 44541 487 12 a a DT 44541 487 13 place place NN 44541 487 14 in in IN 44541 487 15 the the DT 44541 487 16 ancestry ancestry NN 44541 487 17 of of IN 44541 487 18 mankind mankind NN 44541 487 19 . . . 44541 488 1 25 25 CD 44541 488 2 . . . 44541 489 1 Stage stage NN 44541 489 2 of of IN 44541 489 3 _ _ NNP 44541 489 4 Pithecanthropi Pithecanthropi NNP 44541 489 5 _ _ NNP 44541 489 6 . . . 44541 490 1 Hitherto Hitherto NNP 44541 490 2 the the DT 44541 490 3 only only JJ 44541 490 4 known know VBN 44541 490 5 representative representative NN 44541 490 6 is be VBZ 44541 490 7 _ _ NNP 44541 490 8 Pithecanthropus Pithecanthropus NNP 44541 490 9 erectus erectus NN 44541 490 10 _ _ NNP 44541 490 11 , , , 44541 490 12 from from IN 44541 490 13 the the DT 44541 490 14 Upper Upper NNP 44541 490 15 Pliocene Pliocene NNP 44541 490 16 of of IN 44541 490 17 Java Java NNP 44541 490 18 . . . 44541 491 1 In in IN 44541 491 2 adaptation adaptation NN 44541 491 3 to to IN 44541 491 4 a a DT 44541 491 5 more more JJR 44541 491 6 erect erect NN 44541 491 7 gait gait NN 44541 491 8 , , , 44541 491 9 the the DT 44541 491 10 legs leg NNS 44541 491 11 have have VBP 44541 491 12 become become VBN 44541 491 13 stronger strong JJR 44541 491 14 and and CC 44541 491 15 the the DT 44541 491 16 hind hind JJ 44541 491 17 - - HYPH 44541 491 18 hand hand NN 44541 491 19 has have VBZ 44541 491 20 been be VBN 44541 491 21 turned turn VBN 44541 491 22 into into IN 44541 491 23 a a DT 44541 491 24 flat flat RB 44541 491 25 - - HYPH 44541 491 26 soled soled JJ 44541 491 27 walking walking NN 44541 491 28 ' ' '' 44541 491 29 foot foot NN 44541 491 30 . . . 44541 491 31 ' ' '' 44541 492 1 The the DT 44541 492 2 brain brain NN 44541 492 3 is be VBZ 44541 492 4 considerably considerably RB 44541 492 5 enlarged enlarge VBN 44541 492 6 . . . 44541 493 1 Presumably presumably RB 44541 493 2 it -PRON- PRP 44541 493 3 is be VBZ 44541 493 4 still still RB 44541 493 5 devoid devoid JJ 44541 493 6 of of IN 44541 493 7 so so RB 44541 493 8 - - HYPH 44541 493 9 called call VBN 44541 493 10 articulate articulate JJ 44541 493 11 speech speech NN 44541 493 12 ; ; : 44541 493 13 this this DT 44541 493 14 is be VBZ 44541 493 15 indicated indicate VBN 44541 493 16 by by IN 44541 493 17 the the DT 44541 493 18 fact fact NN 44541 493 19 that that IN 44541 493 20 children child NNS 44541 493 21 have have VBP 44541 493 22 to to TO 44541 493 23 learn learn VB 44541 493 24 the the DT 44541 493 25 language language NN 44541 493 26 of of IN 44541 493 27 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 493 28 parents parent NNS 44541 493 29 , , , 44541 493 30 and and CC 44541 493 31 by by IN 44541 493 32 the the DT 44541 493 33 circumstance circumstance NN 44541 493 34 that that WDT 44541 493 35 comparative comparative JJ 44541 493 36 philology philology NN 44541 493 37 declares declare VBZ 44541 493 38 it -PRON- PRP 44541 493 39 impossible impossible JJ 44541 493 40 to to TO 44541 493 41 reduce reduce VB 44541 493 42 the the DT 44541 493 43 chief chief JJ 44541 493 44 human human JJ 44541 493 45 languages language NNS 44541 493 46 to to IN 44541 493 47 anything anything NN 44541 493 48 like like IN 44541 493 49 one one CD 44541 493 50 common common JJ 44541 493 51 origin origin NN 44541 493 52 . . . 44541 494 1 26 26 CD 44541 494 2 . . . 44541 495 1 _ _ NNP 44541 495 2 Man Man NNP 44541 495 3 . . . 44541 495 4 _ _ NNP 44541 495 5 Known know VBN 44541 495 6 with with IN 44541 495 7 certainty certainty NN 44541 495 8 to to TO 44541 495 9 have have VB 44541 495 10 existed exist VBN 44541 495 11 as as IN 44541 495 12 an an DT 44541 495 13 implement implement NN 44541 495 14 - - HYPH 44541 495 15 using use VBG 44541 495 16 creature creature NN 44541 495 17 in in IN 44541 495 18 the the DT 44541 495 19 last last JJ 44541 495 20 Glacial Glacial NNP 44541 495 21 epoch epoch NN 44541 495 22 . . . 44541 496 1 His -PRON- PRP$ 44541 496 2 probable probable JJ 44541 496 3 origin origin NN 44541 496 4 can can MD 44541 496 5 not not RB 44541 496 6 , , , 44541 496 7 therefore therefore RB 44541 496 8 , , , 44541 496 9 have have VBP 44541 496 10 been be VBN 44541 496 11 later later RB 44541 496 12 than than IN 44541 496 13 the the DT 44541 496 14 beginning beginning NN 44541 496 15 of of IN 44541 496 16 the the DT 44541 496 17 Plistocene Plistocene NNP 44541 496 18 . . . 44541 497 1 The the DT 44541 497 2 place place NN 44541 497 3 of of IN 44541 497 4 origin origin NN 44541 497 5 was be VBD 44541 497 6 probably probably RB 44541 497 7 somewhere somewhere RB 44541 497 8 in in IN 44541 497 9 Southern Southern NNP 44541 497 10 Asia Asia NNP 44541 497 11 . . . 44541 498 1 Whilst whilst IN 44541 498 2 we -PRON- PRP 44541 498 3 have have VBP 44541 498 4 to to TO 44541 498 5 admit admit VB 44541 498 6 that that IN 44541 498 7 there there EX 44541 498 8 are be VBP 44541 498 9 great great JJ 44541 498 10 defects defect NNS 44541 498 11 in in IN 44541 498 12 the the DT 44541 498 13 older old JJR 44541 498 14 ( ( -LRB- 44541 498 15 invertebrate invertebrate NN 44541 498 16 ) ) -RRB- 44541 498 17 portion portion NN 44541 498 18 of of IN 44541 498 19 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 498 20 pedigree pedigree NN 44541 498 21 , , , 44541 498 22 we -PRON- PRP 44541 498 23 have have VBP 44541 498 24 all all PDT 44541 498 25 the the DT 44541 498 26 more more JJR 44541 498 27 reason reason NN 44541 498 28 to to TO 44541 498 29 be be VB 44541 498 30 satisfied satisfied JJ 44541 498 31 with with IN 44541 498 32 the the DT 44541 498 33 positive positive JJ 44541 498 34 results result NNS 44541 498 35 of of IN 44541 498 36 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 498 37 investigation investigation NN 44541 498 38 of of IN 44541 498 39 the the DT 44541 498 40 more more RBR 44541 498 41 recent recent JJ 44541 498 42 ( ( -LRB- 44541 498 43 vertebrate vertebrate NN 44541 498 44 ) ) -RRB- 44541 498 45 part part NN 44541 498 46 of of IN 44541 498 47 it -PRON- PRP 44541 498 48 . . . 44541 499 1 All all DT 44541 499 2 modern modern JJ 44541 499 3 researches research NNS 44541 499 4 have have VBP 44541 499 5 confirmed confirm VBN 44541 499 6 the the DT 44541 499 7 views view NNS 44541 499 8 of of IN 44541 499 9 Lamarck Lamarck NNP 44541 499 10 , , , 44541 499 11 Darwin Darwin NNP 44541 499 12 , , , 44541 499 13 and and CC 44541 499 14 Huxley Huxley NNP 44541 499 15 , , , 44541 499 16 and and CC 44541 499 17 they -PRON- PRP 44541 499 18 allow allow VBP 44541 499 19 of of IN 44541 499 20 no no DT 44541 499 21 doubt doubt NN 44541 499 22 that that IN 44541 499 23 the the DT 44541 499 24 nearest near JJS 44541 499 25 vertebrate vertebrate JJ 44541 499 26 ancestors ancestor NNS 44541 499 27 of of IN 44541 499 28 mankind mankind NN 44541 499 29 were be VBD 44541 499 30 a a DT 44541 499 31 series series NN 44541 499 32 of of IN 44541 499 33 Tertiary Tertiary NNP 44541 499 34 Primates Primates NNPS 44541 499 35 . . . 44541 500 1 Particularly particularly RB 44541 500 2 valuable valuable JJ 44541 500 3 are be VBP 44541 500 4 the the DT 44541 500 5 admirable admirable JJ 44541 500 6 attempts attempt NNS 44541 500 7 of of IN 44541 500 8 the the DT 44541 500 9 two two CD 44541 500 10 zoologists zoologists NNPS 44541 500 11 , , , 44541 500 12 Paul Paul NNP 44541 500 13 and and CC 44541 500 14 Fritz Fritz NNP 44541 500 15 Sarasin,[22 sarasin,[22 NN 44541 500 16 ] ] -RRB- 44541 500 17 to to TO 44541 500 18 throw throw VB 44541 500 19 light light NN 44541 500 20 upon upon IN 44541 500 21 the the DT 44541 500 22 human human JJ 44541 500 23 phylogeny phylogeny NN 44541 500 24 by by IN 44541 500 25 painstaking painstaking NNP 44541 500 26 comparison comparison NN 44541 500 27 of of IN 44541 500 28 all all PDT 44541 500 29 the the DT 44541 500 30 skeletal skeletal JJ 44541 500 31 parts part NNS 44541 500 32 of of IN 44541 500 33 man man NN 44541 500 34 with with IN 44541 500 35 those those DT 44541 500 36 of of IN 44541 500 37 the the DT 44541 500 38 anthropoid anthropoid NN 44541 500 39 apes ape NNS 44541 500 40 . . . 44541 501 1 They -PRON- PRP 44541 501 2 have have VBP 44541 501 3 shown show VBN 44541 501 4 that that IN 44541 501 5 among among IN 44541 501 6 the the DT 44541 501 7 lower low JJR 44541 501 8 races race NNS 44541 501 9 of of IN 44541 501 10 man man NN 44541 501 11 the the DT 44541 501 12 primitive primitive JJ 44541 501 13 Veddahs Veddahs NNP 44541 501 14 of of IN 44541 501 15 Ceylon Ceylon NNP 44541 501 16 approach approach VBP 44541 501 17 the the DT 44541 501 18 apes ape NNS 44541 501 19 most most RBS 44541 501 20 nearly nearly RB 44541 501 21 , , , 44541 501 22 and and CC 44541 501 23 that that IN 44541 501 24 among among IN 44541 501 25 the the DT 44541 501 26 latter latter JJ 44541 501 27 the the DT 44541 501 28 chimpanzee chimpanzee NN 44541 501 29 stands stand VBZ 44541 501 30 nearest near JJS 44541 501 31 to to TO 44541 501 32 man man VB 44541 501 33 . . . 44541 502 1 [ [ -LRB- 44541 502 2 22 22 CD 44541 502 3 ] ] -RRB- 44541 502 4 ' ' '' 44541 502 5 Ergebnisse Ergebnisse NNP 44541 502 6 naturwissenschaftlicher naturwissenschaftlicher NN 44541 502 7 Forschungen Forschungen NNP 44541 502 8 auf auf NN 44541 502 9 Ceylon Ceylon NNP 44541 502 10 , , , 44541 502 11 ' ' '' 44541 502 12 vols vol NNS 44541 502 13 . . . 44541 503 1 4 4 CD 44541 503 2 and and CC 44541 503 3 5 5 CD 44541 503 4 . . . 44541 504 1 ( ( -LRB- 44541 504 2 With with IN 44541 504 3 an an DT 44541 504 4 atlas atlas NN 44541 504 5 of of IN 44541 504 6 84 84 CD 44541 504 7 plates plate NNS 44541 504 8 ; ; : 44541 504 9 1893 1893 CD 44541 504 10 . . . 44541 504 11 ) ) -RRB- 44541 505 1 The the DT 44541 505 2 direct direct JJ 44541 505 3 descent descent NN 44541 505 4 of of IN 44541 505 5 man man NN 44541 505 6 from from IN 44541 505 7 some some DT 44541 505 8 extinct extinct JJ 44541 505 9 ape ape NN 44541 505 10 - - HYPH 44541 505 11 like like JJ 44541 505 12 form form NN 44541 505 13 is be VBZ 44541 505 14 now now RB 44541 505 15 beyond beyond IN 44541 505 16 doubt doubt NN 44541 505 17 , , , 44541 505 18 and and CC 44541 505 19 admits admit NNS 44541 505 20 of of IN 44541 505 21 being be VBG 44541 505 22 traced trace VBN 44541 505 23 much much RB 44541 505 24 more more RBR 44541 505 25 clearly clearly RB 44541 505 26 than than IN 44541 505 27 the the DT 44541 505 28 origin origin NN 44541 505 29 of of IN 44541 505 30 many many PDT 44541 505 31 another another DT 44541 505 32 mammalian mammalian JJ 44541 505 33 order order NN 44541 505 34 . . . 44541 506 1 The the DT 44541 506 2 pedigrees pedigree NNS 44541 506 3 of of IN 44541 506 4 the the DT 44541 506 5 Elephants Elephants NNPS 44541 506 6 , , , 44541 506 7 the the DT 44541 506 8 Sirenia Sirenia NNP 44541 506 9 , , , 44541 506 10 the the DT 44541 506 11 Cetacea Cetacea NNP 44541 506 12 , , , 44541 506 13 and and CC 44541 506 14 , , , 44541 506 15 above above IN 44541 506 16 all all DT 44541 506 17 , , , 44541 506 18 of of IN 44541 506 19 the the DT 44541 506 20 Edentata Edentata NNP 44541 506 21 , , , 44541 506 22 for for IN 44541 506 23 example example NN 44541 506 24 , , , 44541 506 25 are be VBP 44541 506 26 much much RB 44541 506 27 more more RBR 44541 506 28 obscure obscure JJ 44541 506 29 and and CC 44541 506 30 difficult difficult JJ 44541 506 31 to to TO 44541 506 32 explain explain VB 44541 506 33 . . . 44541 507 1 In in IN 44541 507 2 many many JJ 44541 507 3 parts part NNS 44541 507 4 of of IN 44541 507 5 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 507 6 organization organization NN 44541 507 7 -- -- : 44541 507 8 for for IN 44541 507 9 example example NN 44541 507 10 , , , 44541 507 11 in in IN 44541 507 12 the the DT 44541 507 13 number number NN 44541 507 14 and and CC 44541 507 15 structure structure NN 44541 507 16 of of IN 44541 507 17 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 507 18 five five CD 44541 507 19 digits digit NNS 44541 507 20 and and CC 44541 507 21 toes toe NNS 44541 507 22 -- -- : 44541 507 23 man man NN 44541 507 24 and and CC 44541 507 25 monkeys monkey NNS 44541 507 26 have have VBP 44541 507 27 remained remain VBN 44541 507 28 much much RB 44541 507 29 more more RBR 44541 507 30 primitive primitive JJ 44541 507 31 than than IN 44541 507 32 most most JJS 44541 507 33 of of IN 44541 507 34 the the DT 44541 507 35 Ungulata Ungulata NNP 44541 507 36 . . . 44541 508 1 The the DT 44541 508 2 immense immense JJ 44541 508 3 significance significance NN 44541 508 4 of of IN 44541 508 5 this this DT 44541 508 6 positive positive JJ 44541 508 7 knowledge knowledge NN 44541 508 8 of of IN 44541 508 9 the the DT 44541 508 10 origin origin NN 44541 508 11 of of IN 44541 508 12 man man NN 44541 508 13 from from IN 44541 508 14 some some DT 44541 508 15 Primate Primate NNP 44541 508 16 does do VBZ 44541 508 17 not not RB 44541 508 18 require require VB 44541 508 19 to to TO 44541 508 20 be be VB 44541 508 21 enforced enforce VBN 44541 508 22 . . . 44541 509 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 509 2 bearing bearing NN 44541 509 3 upon upon IN 44541 509 4 the the DT 44541 509 5 highest high JJS 44541 509 6 questions question NNS 44541 509 7 of of IN 44541 509 8 philosophy philosophy NN 44541 509 9 can can MD 44541 509 10 not not RB 44541 509 11 be be VB 44541 509 12 exaggerated exaggerate VBN 44541 509 13 . . . 44541 510 1 Among among IN 44541 510 2 modern modern JJ 44541 510 3 philosophers philosopher NNS 44541 510 4 no no DT 44541 510 5 one one NN 44541 510 6 has have VBZ 44541 510 7 perceived perceive VBN 44541 510 8 this this DT 44541 510 9 more more RBR 44541 510 10 deeply deeply RB 44541 510 11 than than IN 44541 510 12 Herbert Herbert NNP 44541 510 13 Spencer Spencer NNP 44541 510 14 . . . 44541 511 1 [ [ -LRB- 44541 511 2 23 23 CD 44541 511 3 ] ] -RRB- 44541 511 4 He -PRON- PRP 44541 511 5 is be VBZ 44541 511 6 one one CD 44541 511 7 of of IN 44541 511 8 those those DT 44541 511 9 older old JJR 44541 511 10 thinkers thinker NNS 44541 511 11 who who WP 44541 511 12 before before IN 44541 511 13 Darwin Darwin NNP 44541 511 14 were be VBD 44541 511 15 convinced convince VBN 44541 511 16 that that IN 44541 511 17 the the DT 44541 511 18 theory theory NN 44541 511 19 of of IN 44541 511 20 development development NN 44541 511 21 is be VBZ 44541 511 22 the the DT 44541 511 23 only only JJ 44541 511 24 way way NN 44541 511 25 to to TO 44541 511 26 solve solve VB 44541 511 27 the the DT 44541 511 28 ' ' '' 44541 511 29 enigma enigma NN 44541 511 30 of of IN 44541 511 31 the the DT 44541 511 32 world world NN 44541 511 33 . . . 44541 511 34 ' ' '' 44541 512 1 Spencer Spencer NNP 44541 512 2 is be VBZ 44541 512 3 also also RB 44541 512 4 the the DT 44541 512 5 champion champion NN 44541 512 6 of of IN 44541 512 7 those those DT 44541 512 8 evolutionists evolutionist NNS 44541 512 9 who who WP 44541 512 10 lay lie VBD 44541 512 11 the the DT 44541 512 12 greatest great JJS 44541 512 13 weight weight NN 44541 512 14 upon upon IN 44541 512 15 _ _ NNP 44541 512 16 progressive progressive JJ 44541 512 17 heredity heredity NN 44541 512 18 _ _ NNP 44541 512 19 , , , 44541 512 20 or or CC 44541 512 21 the the DT 44541 512 22 much much RB 44541 512 23 combated combat VBN 44541 512 24 _ _ NNP 44541 512 25 heredity heredity NN 44541 512 26 of of IN 44541 512 27 acquired acquire VBN 44541 512 28 characters character NNS 44541 512 29 _ _ NNP 44541 512 30 . . . 44541 513 1 From from IN 44541 513 2 the the DT 44541 513 3 first first JJ 44541 513 4 he -PRON- PRP 44541 513 5 has have VBZ 44541 513 6 severely severely RB 44541 513 7 attacked attack VBN 44541 513 8 and and CC 44541 513 9 criticised criticise VBN 44541 513 10 the the DT 44541 513 11 theories theory NNS 44541 513 12 of of IN 44541 513 13 Weismann Weismann NNP 44541 513 14 , , , 44541 513 15 who who WP 44541 513 16 denies deny VBZ 44541 513 17 this this DT 44541 513 18 most most RBS 44541 513 19 important important JJ 44541 513 20 factor factor NN 44541 513 21 of of IN 44541 513 22 phylogeny phylogeny NN 44541 513 23 , , , 44541 513 24 and and CC 44541 513 25 would would MD 44541 513 26 explain explain VB 44541 513 27 the the DT 44541 513 28 whole whole NN 44541 513 29 of of IN 44541 513 30 transformism transformism NN 44541 513 31 by by IN 44541 513 32 the the DT 44541 513 33 ' ' `` 44541 513 34 all all DT 44541 513 35 - - HYPH 44541 513 36 sufficiency sufficiency NN 44541 513 37 of of IN 44541 513 38 selection selection NN 44541 513 39 . . . 44541 513 40 ' ' '' 44541 514 1 In in IN 44541 514 2 England England NNP 44541 514 3 the the DT 44541 514 4 theories theory NNS 44541 514 5 of of IN 44541 514 6 Weismann Weismann NNP 44541 514 7 were be VBD 44541 514 8 received receive VBN 44541 514 9 with with IN 44541 514 10 enthusiastic enthusiastic JJ 44541 514 11 acclamation acclamation NN 44541 514 12 , , , 44541 514 13 much much RB 44541 514 14 more more RBR 44541 514 15 so so RB 44541 514 16 than than IN 44541 514 17 on on IN 44541 514 18 the the DT 44541 514 19 Continent continent NN 44541 514 20 , , , 44541 514 21 and and CC 44541 514 22 they -PRON- PRP 44541 514 23 were be VBD 44541 514 24 called call VBN 44541 514 25 ' ' `` 44541 514 26 Neo Neo NNP 44541 514 27 - - HYPH 44541 514 28 Darwinism Darwinism NNP 44541 514 29 , , , 44541 514 30 ' ' '' 44541 514 31 in in IN 44541 514 32 opposition opposition NN 44541 514 33 to to IN 44541 514 34 the the DT 44541 514 35 older old JJR 44541 514 36 conception conception NN 44541 514 37 of of IN 44541 514 38 Evolution evolution NN 44541 514 39 , , , 44541 514 40 or or CC 44541 514 41 ' ' `` 44541 514 42 Neo Neo NNP 44541 514 43 - - HYPH 44541 514 44 Lamarckism Lamarckism NNP 44541 514 45 . . . 44541 514 46 ' ' '' 44541 515 1 Neither neither DT 44541 515 2 of of IN 44541 515 3 those those DT 44541 515 4 expressions expression NNS 44541 515 5 is be VBZ 44541 515 6 correct correct JJ 44541 515 7 . . . 44541 516 1 Darwin Darwin NNP 44541 516 2 himself -PRON- PRP 44541 516 3 was be VBD 44541 516 4 convinced convince VBN 44541 516 5 of of IN 44541 516 6 the the DT 44541 516 7 fundamental fundamental JJ 44541 516 8 importance importance NN 44541 516 9 of of IN 44541 516 10 progressive progressive JJ 44541 516 11 heredity heredity NN 44541 516 12 quite quite RB 44541 516 13 as as RB 44541 516 14 much much RB 44541 516 15 as as IN 44541 516 16 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 516 17 great great JJ 44541 516 18 predecessor predecessor NN 44541 516 19 Lamarck Lamarck NNP 44541 516 20 ; ; : 44541 516 21 as as IN 44541 516 22 were be VBD 44541 516 23 also also RB 44541 516 24 Huxley Huxley NNP 44541 516 25 and and CC 44541 516 26 Spencer Spencer NNP 44541 516 27 . . . 44541 517 1 [ [ -LRB- 44541 517 2 23 23 CD 44541 517 3 ] ] -RRB- 44541 517 4 ' ' POS 44541 517 5 Principles Principles NNPS 44541 517 6 of of IN 44541 517 7 Biology Biology NNP 44541 517 8 ' ' '' 44541 517 9 : : : 44541 517 10 ' ' '' 44541 517 11 The the DT 44541 517 12 Factors Factors NNPS 44541 517 13 of of IN 44541 517 14 Organic Organic NNP 44541 517 15 Evolution Evolution NNP 44541 517 16 ' ' '' 44541 517 17 ; ; : 44541 517 18 ' ' '' 44541 517 19 The the DT 44541 517 20 Inadequacy Inadequacy NNP 44541 517 21 of of IN 44541 517 22 Natural Natural NNP 44541 517 23 Selection Selection NNP 44541 517 24 . . . 44541 517 25 ' ' '' 44541 518 1 Three three CD 44541 518 2 times time NNS 44541 518 3 I -PRON- PRP 44541 518 4 had have VBD 44541 518 5 the the DT 44541 518 6 good good JJ 44541 518 7 fortune fortune NN 44541 518 8 to to TO 44541 518 9 visit visit VB 44541 518 10 Darwin Darwin NNP 44541 518 11 at at IN 44541 518 12 Down down RB 44541 518 13 , , , 44541 518 14 and and CC 44541 518 15 on on IN 44541 518 16 each each DT 44541 518 17 occasion occasion NN 44541 518 18 we -PRON- PRP 44541 518 19 discussed discuss VBD 44541 518 20 this this DT 44541 518 21 fundamental fundamental JJ 44541 518 22 question question NN 44541 518 23 in in IN 44541 518 24 complete complete JJ 44541 518 25 harmony harmony NN 44541 518 26 . . . 44541 519 1 I -PRON- PRP 44541 519 2 agree agree VBP 44541 519 3 with with IN 44541 519 4 Spencer Spencer NNP 44541 519 5 in in IN 44541 519 6 the the DT 44541 519 7 conviction conviction NN 44541 519 8 that that IN 44541 519 9 progressive progressive JJ 44541 519 10 heredity heredity NN 44541 519 11 is be VBZ 44541 519 12 an an DT 44541 519 13 indispensable indispensable JJ 44541 519 14 factor factor NN 44541 519 15 in in IN 44541 519 16 every every DT 44541 519 17 true true JJ 44541 519 18 monistic monistic JJ 44541 519 19 theory theory NN 44541 519 20 of of IN 44541 519 21 Evolution Evolution NNP 44541 519 22 , , , 44541 519 23 and and CC 44541 519 24 that that IN 44541 519 25 it -PRON- PRP 44541 519 26 is be VBZ 44541 519 27 one one CD 44541 519 28 of of IN 44541 519 29 its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 519 30 most most RBS 44541 519 31 important important JJ 44541 519 32 elements element NNS 44541 519 33 . . . 44541 520 1 If if IN 44541 520 2 one one CD 44541 520 3 denies deny VBZ 44541 520 4 with with IN 44541 520 5 Weismann Weismann NNP 44541 520 6 the the DT 44541 520 7 heredity heredity NN 44541 520 8 of of IN 44541 520 9 acquired acquire VBN 44541 520 10 characters character NNS 44541 520 11 , , , 44541 520 12 then then RB 44541 520 13 it -PRON- PRP 44541 520 14 becomes become VBZ 44541 520 15 necessary necessary JJ 44541 520 16 to to TO 44541 520 17 have have VB 44541 520 18 recourse recourse VBN 44541 520 19 to to TO 44541 520 20 purely purely RB 44541 520 21 mystical mystical JJ 44541 520 22 qualities quality NNS 44541 520 23 of of IN 44541 520 24 germ germ NNP 44541 520 25 - - HYPH 44541 520 26 plasm plasm NN 44541 520 27 . . . 44541 521 1 I -PRON- PRP 44541 521 2 am be VBP 44541 521 3 of of IN 44541 521 4 the the DT 44541 521 5 opinion opinion NN 44541 521 6 of of IN 44541 521 7 Spencer Spencer NNP 44541 521 8 , , , 44541 521 9 that that IN 44541 521 10 in in IN 44541 521 11 that that DT 44541 521 12 case case NN 44541 521 13 it -PRON- PRP 44541 521 14 would would MD 44541 521 15 be be VB 44541 521 16 better well JJR 44541 521 17 to to TO 44541 521 18 accept accept VB 44541 521 19 a a DT 44541 521 20 mysterious mysterious JJ 44541 521 21 creation creation NN 44541 521 22 of of IN 44541 521 23 all all PDT 44541 521 24 the the DT 44541 521 25 various various JJ 44541 521 26 species specie NNS 44541 521 27 as as IN 44541 521 28 described describe VBN 44541 521 29 in in IN 44541 521 30 the the DT 44541 521 31 Mosaic Mosaic NNP 44541 521 32 account account NN 44541 521 33 . . . 44541 522 1 If if IN 44541 522 2 we -PRON- PRP 44541 522 3 look look VBP 44541 522 4 at at IN 44541 522 5 the the DT 44541 522 6 results result NNS 44541 522 7 of of IN 44541 522 8 modern modern JJ 44541 522 9 anthropogeny anthropogeny NN 44541 522 10 from from IN 44541 522 11 the the DT 44541 522 12 highest high JJS 44541 522 13 point point NN 44541 522 14 of of IN 44541 522 15 view view NN 44541 522 16 , , , 44541 522 17 and and CC 44541 522 18 compare compare VB 44541 522 19 all all PDT 44541 522 20 its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 522 21 empirical empirical JJ 44541 522 22 arguments argument NNS 44541 522 23 , , , 44541 522 24 we -PRON- PRP 44541 522 25 are be VBP 44541 522 26 justified justify VBN 44541 522 27 in in IN 44541 522 28 affirming affirming NN 44541 522 29 that that IN 44541 522 30 _ _ NNP 44541 522 31 the the DT 44541 522 32 descent descent NN 44541 522 33 of of IN 44541 522 34 man man NN 44541 522 35 from from IN 44541 522 36 an an DT 44541 522 37 extinct extinct JJ 44541 522 38 Tertiary tertiary JJ 44541 522 39 series series NN 44541 522 40 of of IN 44541 522 41 Primates Primates NNPS 44541 522 42 is be VBZ 44541 522 43 not not RB 44541 522 44 a a DT 44541 522 45 vague vague JJ 44541 522 46 hypothesis hypothesis NN 44541 522 47 , , , 44541 522 48 but but CC 44541 522 49 an an DT 44541 522 50 historical historical JJ 44541 522 51 fact fact NN 44541 522 52 _ _ NNP 44541 522 53 . . . 44541 523 1 Of of RB 44541 523 2 course course RB 44541 523 3 , , , 44541 523 4 this this DT 44541 523 5 fact fact NN 44541 523 6 can can MD 44541 523 7 not not RB 44541 523 8 be be VB 44541 523 9 proved prove VBN 44541 523 10 _ _ NNP 44541 523 11 exactly exactly RB 44541 523 12 _ _ NNP 44541 523 13 . . . 44541 524 1 We -PRON- PRP 44541 524 2 can can MD 44541 524 3 not not RB 44541 524 4 explain explain VB 44541 524 5 all all PDT 44541 524 6 the the DT 44541 524 7 innumerable innumerable JJ 44541 524 8 physical physical JJ 44541 524 9 and and CC 44541 524 10 chemical chemical NN 44541 524 11 processes process NNS 44541 524 12 , , , 44541 524 13 all all PDT 44541 524 14 the the DT 44541 524 15 physiological physiological JJ 44541 524 16 mutations mutation NNS 44541 524 17 , , , 44541 524 18 which which WDT 44541 524 19 have have VBP 44541 524 20 led lead VBN 44541 524 21 during during IN 44541 524 22 untold untold JJ 44541 524 23 millions million NNS 44541 524 24 of of IN 44541 524 25 years year NNS 44541 524 26 from from IN 44541 524 27 the the DT 44541 524 28 simplest simple JJS 44541 524 29 Monera Monera NNP 44541 524 30 and and CC 44541 524 31 from from IN 44541 524 32 the the DT 44541 524 33 unicellular unicellular NNP 44541 524 34 Protista Protista NNP 44541 524 35 upwards upwards RB 44541 524 36 to to IN 44541 524 37 the the DT 44541 524 38 chimpanzee chimpanzee NN 44541 524 39 and and CC 44541 524 40 to to IN 44541 524 41 man man VB 44541 524 42 . . . 44541 525 1 But but CC 44541 525 2 the the DT 44541 525 3 same same JJ 44541 525 4 consideration consideration NN 44541 525 5 applies apply VBZ 44541 525 6 to to IN 44541 525 7 all all DT 44541 525 8 historical historical JJ 44541 525 9 facts fact NNS 44541 525 10 . . . 44541 526 1 We -PRON- PRP 44541 526 2 all all DT 44541 526 3 believe believe VBP 44541 526 4 that that IN 44541 526 5 Aristotle Aristotle NNP 44541 526 6 , , , 44541 526 7 Cæsar Cæsar NNP 44541 526 8 , , , 44541 526 9 and and CC 44541 526 10 King King NNP 44541 526 11 Alfred Alfred NNP 44541 526 12 did do VBD 44541 526 13 live live RB 44541 526 14 ; ; : 44541 526 15 but but CC 44541 526 16 it -PRON- PRP 44541 526 17 is be VBZ 44541 526 18 impossible impossible JJ 44541 526 19 to to TO 44541 526 20 give give VB 44541 526 21 a a DT 44541 526 22 proof proof NN 44541 526 23 within within IN 44541 526 24 the the DT 44541 526 25 meaning meaning NN 44541 526 26 of of IN 44541 526 27 modern modern JJ 44541 526 28 exact exact JJ 44541 526 29 science science NN 44541 526 30 . . . 44541 527 1 We -PRON- PRP 44541 527 2 believe believe VBP 44541 527 3 firmly firmly RB 44541 527 4 in in IN 44541 527 5 the the DT 44541 527 6 former former JJ 44541 527 7 existence existence NN 44541 527 8 of of IN 44541 527 9 these these DT 44541 527 10 and and CC 44541 527 11 other other JJ 44541 527 12 great great JJ 44541 527 13 heroes hero NNS 44541 527 14 of of IN 44541 527 15 thought thought NN 44541 527 16 , , , 44541 527 17 because because IN 44541 527 18 we -PRON- PRP 44541 527 19 know know VBP 44541 527 20 well well RB 44541 527 21 the the DT 44541 527 22 works work NNS 44541 527 23 they -PRON- PRP 44541 527 24 have have VBP 44541 527 25 left leave VBN 44541 527 26 behind behind IN 44541 527 27 them -PRON- PRP 44541 527 28 , , , 44541 527 29 and and CC 44541 527 30 we -PRON- PRP 44541 527 31 see see VBP 44541 527 32 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 527 33 effects effect NNS 44541 527 34 in in IN 44541 527 35 the the DT 44541 527 36 history history NN 44541 527 37 of of IN 44541 527 38 human human JJ 44541 527 39 culture culture NN 44541 527 40 . . . 44541 528 1 These these DT 44541 528 2 indirect indirect JJ 44541 528 3 arguments argument NNS 44541 528 4 do do VBP 44541 528 5 not not RB 44541 528 6 furnish furnish VB 44541 528 7 stronger strong JJR 44541 528 8 evidence evidence NN 44541 528 9 than than IN 44541 528 10 those those DT 44541 528 11 of of IN 44541 528 12 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 528 13 history history NN 44541 528 14 as as IN 44541 528 15 vertebrates vertebrate NNS 44541 528 16 . . . 44541 529 1 We -PRON- PRP 44541 529 2 know know VBP 44541 529 3 of of IN 44541 529 4 many many JJ 44541 529 5 Jurassic Jurassic NNP 44541 529 6 mammals mammal NNS 44541 529 7 only only RB 44541 529 8 a a DT 44541 529 9 single single JJ 44541 529 10 bone bone NN 44541 529 11 , , , 44541 529 12 the the DT 44541 529 13 under under IN 44541 529 14 jaw jaw NN 44541 529 15 . . . 44541 530 1 We -PRON- PRP 44541 530 2 all all DT 44541 530 3 believe believe VBP 44541 530 4 that that IN 44541 530 5 these these DT 44541 530 6 mammals mammal NNS 44541 530 7 possessed possess VBD 44541 530 8 also also RB 44541 530 9 an an DT 44541 530 10 upper upper JJ 44541 530 11 jaw jaw NN 44541 530 12 , , , 44541 530 13 a a DT 44541 530 14 skull skull NN 44541 530 15 , , , 44541 530 16 and and CC 44541 530 17 other other JJ 44541 530 18 bones bone NNS 44541 530 19 . . . 44541 531 1 But but CC 44541 531 2 the the DT 44541 531 3 so so RB 44541 531 4 - - HYPH 44541 531 5 called call VBN 44541 531 6 ' ' '' 44541 531 7 exact exact JJ 44541 531 8 school school NN 44541 531 9 , , , 44541 531 10 ' ' '' 44541 531 11 which which WDT 44541 531 12 regards regard VBZ 44541 531 13 the the DT 44541 531 14 transformation transformation NN 44541 531 15 of of IN 44541 531 16 species specie NNS 44541 531 17 as as IN 44541 531 18 a a DT 44541 531 19 hypothesis hypothesis NN 44541 531 20 not not RB 44541 531 21 proven prove VBN 44541 531 22 , , , 44541 531 23 must must MD 44541 531 24 suppose suppose VB 44541 531 25 that that IN 44541 531 26 the the DT 44541 531 27 mandibula mandibula NNP 44541 531 28 was be VBD 44541 531 29 the the DT 44541 531 30 only only JJ 44541 531 31 bone bone NN 44541 531 32 in in IN 44541 531 33 the the DT 44541 531 34 body body NN 44541 531 35 of of IN 44541 531 36 these these DT 44541 531 37 curious curious JJ 44541 531 38 animals animal NNS 44541 531 39 . . . 44541 532 1 Looking look VBG 44541 532 2 forward forward RB 44541 532 3 to to IN 44541 532 4 the the DT 44541 532 5 twentieth twentieth JJ 44541 532 6 century century NN 44541 532 7 , , , 44541 532 8 I -PRON- PRP 44541 532 9 am be VBP 44541 532 10 convinced convinced JJ 44541 532 11 that that IN 44541 532 12 it -PRON- PRP 44541 532 13 will will MD 44541 532 14 universally universally RB 44541 532 15 accept accept VB 44541 532 16 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 532 17 theory theory NN 44541 532 18 of of IN 44541 532 19 descent descent NN 44541 532 20 , , , 44541 532 21 and and CC 44541 532 22 that that IN 44541 532 23 future future JJ 44541 532 24 science science NN 44541 532 25 will will MD 44541 532 26 regard regard VB 44541 532 27 it -PRON- PRP 44541 532 28 as as IN 44541 532 29 the the DT 44541 532 30 greatest great JJS 44541 532 31 advance advance NN 44541 532 32 made make VBN 44541 532 33 in in IN 44541 532 34 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 532 35 time time NN 44541 532 36 . . . 44541 533 1 I -PRON- PRP 44541 533 2 have have VBP 44541 533 3 no no DT 44541 533 4 doubt doubt NN 44541 533 5 that that IN 44541 533 6 the the DT 44541 533 7 influence influence NN 44541 533 8 of of IN 44541 533 9 the the DT 44541 533 10 study study NN 44541 533 11 of of IN 44541 533 12 anthropogeny anthropogeny NN 44541 533 13 upon upon IN 44541 533 14 all all DT 44541 533 15 other other JJ 44541 533 16 branches branch NNS 44541 533 17 of of IN 44541 533 18 science science NN 44541 533 19 will will MD 44541 533 20 be be VB 44541 533 21 fruitful fruitful JJ 44541 533 22 and and CC 44541 533 23 auspicious auspicious JJ 44541 533 24 . . . 44541 534 1 The the DT 44541 534 2 work work NN 44541 534 3 done do VBN 44541 534 4 in in IN 44541 534 5 the the DT 44541 534 6 present present JJ 44541 534 7 century century NN 44541 534 8 by by IN 44541 534 9 Lamarck Lamarck NNP 44541 534 10 and and CC 44541 534 11 Darwin Darwin NNP 44541 534 12 will will MD 44541 534 13 in in IN 44541 534 14 all all DT 44541 534 15 future future JJ 44541 534 16 times time NNS 44541 534 17 be be VB 44541 534 18 considered consider VBN 44541 534 19 one one CD 44541 534 20 of of IN 44541 534 21 the the DT 44541 534 22 greatest great JJS 44541 534 23 conquests conquest NNS 44541 534 24 made make VBN 44541 534 25 by by IN 44541 534 26 thinking think VBG 44541 534 27 man man NN 44541 534 28 . . . 44541 535 1 EVOLUTIONARY EVOLUTIONARY NNS 44541 535 2 STAGES stage NNS 44541 535 3 OF of IN 44541 535 4 THE the DT 44541 535 5 PRINCIPAL principal JJ 44541 535 6 GROUPS group NNS 44541 535 7 OF of IN 44541 535 8 VERTEBRATA VERTEBRATA NNP 44541 535 9 . . . 44541 536 1 [ [ -LRB- 44541 536 2 24 24 CD 44541 536 3 ] ] -RRB- 44541 536 4 STAGES stages NN 44541 536 5 OF of IN 44541 536 6 THE the DT 44541 536 7 CLASSES class NNS 44541 536 8 . . . 44541 537 1 STAGES stages NN 44541 537 2 OF of IN 44541 537 3 THE the DT 44541 537 4 HEART HEART NNP 44541 537 5 . . . 44541 538 1 PAIRED PAIRED NNP 44541 538 2 LIMBS LIMBS NNP 44541 538 3 . . . 44541 539 1 { { -LRB- 44541 539 2 1 1 CD 44541 539 3 . . . 44541 540 1 _ _ NNP 44541 540 2 Acrania Acrania NNP 44541 540 3 . . . 44541 540 4 _ _ NNP 44541 540 5 I. I. NNP 44541 541 1 _ _ NNP 44541 541 2 Leptocardia Leptocardia NNP 44541 541 3 . . . 44541 541 4 _ _ NNP 44541 541 5 I. I. NNP 44541 542 1 _ _ NNP 44541 542 2 Adactylia Adactylia NNP 44541 542 3 _ _ NNP 44541 542 4 { { -LRB- 44541 542 5 Cold cold JJ 44541 542 6 - - HYPH 44541 542 7 blooded blooded JJ 44541 542 8 ; ; : 44541 542 9 heart heart NN 44541 542 10 s. s. NNP 44541 542 11 _ _ NNP 44541 542 12 Impinnata Impinnata NNP 44541 542 13 _ _ NNP 44541 542 14 . . . 44541 543 1 { { -LRB- 44541 543 2 with with IN 44541 543 3 one one CD 44541 543 4 chamber chamber NN 44541 543 5 ; ; : 44541 543 6 Without without IN 44541 543 7 jaws jaw NNS 44541 543 8 { { -LRB- 44541 543 9 without without IN 44541 543 10 lungs lung NNS 44541 543 11 . . . 44541 544 1 and and CC 44541 544 2 limbs limb NNS 44541 544 3 . . . 44541 545 1 { { -LRB- 44541 545 2 { { -LRB- 44541 545 3 2 2 CD 44541 545 4 . . . 44541 546 1 _ _ NNP 44541 546 2 Cyclostomata Cyclostomata NNP 44541 546 3 . . . 44541 546 4 _ _ NNP 44541 546 5 } } -RRB- 44541 546 6 II II NNP 44541 546 7 . . . 44541 547 1 _ _ NNP 44541 547 2 Ichthyocardia Ichthyocardia NNP 44541 547 3 . . . 44541 547 4 _ _ NNP 44541 547 5 } } -RRB- 44541 547 6 Cold Cold NNP 44541 547 7 - - HYPH 44541 547 8 blooded blooded JJ 44541 547 9 ; ; : 44541 547 10 heart heart NN 44541 547 11 } } -RRB- 44541 547 12 two two CD 44541 547 13 - - HYPH 44541 547 14 chambered chambered JJ 44541 547 15 , , , 44541 547 16 with with IN 44541 547 17 } } -RRB- 44541 547 18 one one CD 44541 547 19 atrium atrium NN 44541 547 20 and and CC 44541 547 21 one one CD 44541 547 22 } } -RRB- 44541 547 23 ventricle ventricle NN 44541 547 24 ; ; : 44541 547 25 heart heart NN 44541 547 26 } } -RRB- 44541 547 27 containing contain VBG 44541 547 28 venous venous JJ 44541 547 29 } } -RRB- 44541 547 30 blood blood NN 44541 547 31 only only RB 44541 547 32 ; ; : 44541 547 33 without without IN 44541 547 34 II II NNP 44541 547 35 . . . 44541 548 1 _ _ NNP 44541 548 2 Polydactylia Polydactylia NNP 44541 548 3 _ _ NNP 44541 548 4 { { -LRB- 44541 548 5 3 3 CD 44541 548 6 . . . 44541 549 1 _ _ NNP 44541 549 2 Pisces Pisces NNP 44541 549 3 . . . 44541 549 4 _ _ NNP 44541 549 5 } } -RRB- 44541 549 6 lungs lung NNS 44541 549 7 . . . 44541 550 1 s. s. NNP 44541 550 2 _ _ NNP 44541 550 3 Pinnata Pinnata NNP 44541 550 4 _ _ NNP 44541 550 5 . . . 44541 551 1 { { -LRB- 44541 551 2 With with IN 44541 551 3 two two CD 44541 551 4 { { -LRB- 44541 551 5 } } -RRB- 44541 551 6 III iii CD 44541 551 7 . . . 44541 552 1 _ _ NNP 44541 552 2 Amphicardia Amphicardia NNP 44541 552 3 . . . 44541 552 4 _ _ NNP 44541 552 5 pairs pair NNS 44541 552 6 of of IN 44541 552 7 fins fin NNS 44541 552 8 . . . 44541 553 1 { { -LRB- 44541 553 2 4 4 CD 44541 553 3 . . . 44541 554 1 _ _ NNP 44541 554 2 Dipnoi Dipnoi NNP 44541 554 3 . . . 44541 554 4 _ _ NNP 44541 554 5 } } -RRB- 44541 554 6 Cold cold JJ 44541 554 7 - - HYPH 44541 554 8 blooded blooded JJ 44541 554 9 ; ; : 44541 554 10 heart heart NN 44541 554 11 } } -RRB- 44541 554 12 with with IN 44541 554 13 three three CD 44541 554 14 complete complete JJ 44541 554 15 } } -RRB- 44541 554 16 chambers chamber NNS 44541 554 17 , , , 44541 554 18 namely namely RB 44541 554 19 , , , 44541 554 20 with with IN 44541 554 21 } } -RRB- 44541 554 22 two two CD 44541 554 23 atria atrium NNS 44541 554 24 and and CC 44541 554 25 one one CD 44541 554 26 } } -RRB- 44541 554 27 ventricle ventricle NN 44541 554 28 , , , 44541 554 29 or or CC 44541 554 30 ( ( -LRB- 44541 554 31 Reptilia Reptilia NNP 44541 554 32 ) ) -RRB- 44541 554 33 { { -LRB- 44541 554 34 5 5 CD 44541 554 35 . . . 44541 555 1 _ _ NNP 44541 555 2 Amphibia Amphibia NNP 44541 555 3 . . . 44541 555 4 _ _ NNP 44541 555 5 } } -RRB- 44541 555 6 two two CD 44541 555 7 ventricles ventricle NNS 44541 555 8 with with IN 44541 555 9 still still RB 44541 555 10 { { -LRB- 44541 555 11 } } -RRB- 44541 555 12 incomplete incomplete JJ 44541 555 13 septum septum NN 44541 555 14 ; ; : 44541 555 15 heart heart NN 44541 555 16 { { -LRB- 44541 555 17 } } -RRB- 44541 555 18 containing contain VBG 44541 555 19 mixed mix VBN 44541 555 20 venous venous JJ 44541 555 21 { { -LRB- 44541 555 22 } } -RRB- 44541 555 23 and and CC 44541 555 24 arterialized arterialize VBN 44541 555 25 III iii CD 44541 555 26 . . . 44541 556 1 _ _ NNP 44541 556 2 Pentadactylia Pentadactylia NNP 44541 556 3 _ _ NNP 44541 556 4 { { -LRB- 44541 556 5 6 6 CD 44541 556 6 . . . 44541 557 1 _ _ NNP 44541 557 2 Reptilia Reptilia NNP 44541 557 3 . . . 44541 557 4 _ _ NNP 44541 557 5 } } -RRB- 44541 557 6 blood blood NN 44541 557 7 ; ; : 44541 557 8 with with IN 44541 557 9 lungs lung NNS 44541 557 10 . . . 44541 558 1 s. s. NNP 44541 558 2 _ _ NNP 44541 558 3 Tetrapoda Tetrapoda NNP 44541 558 4 _ _ NNP 44541 558 5 . . . 44541 559 1 { { -LRB- 44541 559 2 With with IN 44541 559 3 two two CD 44541 559 4 pairs pair NNS 44541 559 5 { { -LRB- 44541 559 6 { { -LRB- 44541 559 7 IV IV NNP 44541 559 8 . . . 44541 560 1 _ _ NNP 44541 560 2 Thermocardia Thermocardia NNP 44541 560 3 . . . 44541 560 4 _ _ NNP 44541 560 5 of of IN 44541 560 6 pentadactyle pentadactyle NN 44541 560 7 { { -LRB- 44541 560 8 { { -LRB- 44541 560 9 Warm warm JJ 44541 560 10 - - HYPH 44541 560 11 blooded blooded JJ 44541 560 12 ; ; : 44541 560 13 heart heart NN 44541 560 14 limbs limb NNS 44541 560 15 ( ( -LRB- 44541 560 16 unless unless IN 44541 560 17 { { -LRB- 44541 560 18 7 7 CD 44541 560 19 . . . 44541 561 1 _ _ NNP 44541 561 2 Aves Aves NNP 44541 561 3 . . . 44541 561 4 _ _ NNP 44541 561 5 { { -LRB- 44541 561 6 with with IN 44541 561 7 four four CD 44541 561 8 complete complete JJ 44541 561 9 they -PRON- PRP 44541 561 10 have have VBP 44541 561 11 { { -LRB- 44541 561 12 { { -LRB- 44541 561 13 chambers chamber NNS 44541 561 14 , , , 44541 561 15 namely namely RB 44541 561 16 , , , 44541 561 17 two two CD 44541 561 18 been be VBN 44541 561 19 lost lose VBN 44541 561 20 by by IN 44541 561 21 { { -LRB- 44541 561 22 { { -LRB- 44541 561 23 auricles auricle NNS 44541 561 24 and and CC 44541 561 25 two two CD 44541 561 26 reduction reduction NN 44541 561 27 ) ) -RRB- 44541 561 28 . . . 44541 562 1 { { -LRB- 44541 562 2 { { -LRB- 44541 562 3 ventricles ventricle NNS 44541 562 4 ; ; : 44541 562 5 right right JJ 44541 562 6 half half NN 44541 562 7 { { -LRB- 44541 562 8 { { -LRB- 44541 562 9 of of IN 44541 562 10 the the DT 44541 562 11 heart heart NN 44541 562 12 with with IN 44541 562 13 venous venous JJ 44541 562 14 , , , 44541 562 15 { { -LRB- 44541 562 16 { { -LRB- 44541 562 17 left leave VBN 44541 562 18 half half NN 44541 562 19 with with IN 44541 562 20 { { -LRB- 44541 562 21 { { -LRB- 44541 562 22 arterialized arterialized JJ 44541 562 23 , , , 44541 562 24 blood blood NN 44541 562 25 ; ; : 44541 562 26 with with IN 44541 562 27 { { -LRB- 44541 562 28 8 8 CD 44541 562 29 . . . 44541 563 1 _ _ NNP 44541 563 2 Mammalia Mammalia NNP 44541 563 3 . . . 44541 563 4 _ _ NNP 44541 563 5 { { -LRB- 44541 563 6 lungs lung NNS 44541 563 7 . . . 44541 564 1 [ [ -LRB- 44541 564 2 24 24 CD 44541 564 3 ] ] -RRB- 44541 564 4 Abridged abridge VBN 44541 564 5 from from IN 44541 564 6 Haeckel Haeckel NNP 44541 564 7 's 's POS 44541 564 8 ' ' `` 44541 564 9 Systematische Systematische NNP 44541 564 10 Phylogenie Phylogenie NNP 44541 564 11 der der VB 44541 564 12 Vertebraten Vertebraten NNP 44541 564 13 , , , 44541 564 14 ' ' '' 44541 564 15 § § CD 44541 564 16 14 14 CD 44541 564 17 . . . 44541 565 1 BIOGRAPHICAL BIOGRAPHICAL NNP 44541 565 2 SKETCHES SKETCHES NNP 44541 565 3 JEAN JEAN NNPS 44541 565 4 BAPTISTE BAPTISTE NNP 44541 565 5 DE DE NNP 44541 565 6 MONET MONET NNP 44541 565 7 , , , 44541 565 8 CHEVALIER CHEVALIER NNP 44541 565 9 DE DE NNP 44541 565 10 LAMARCK LAMARCK NNP 44541 565 11 , , , 44541 565 12 was be VBD 44541 565 13 born bear VBN 44541 565 14 on on IN 44541 565 15 August August NNP 44541 565 16 1 1 CD 44541 565 17 , , , 44541 565 18 1744 1744 CD 44541 565 19 , , , 44541 565 20 in in IN 44541 565 21 Picardy Picardy NNP 44541 565 22 , , , 44541 565 23 where where WRB 44541 565 24 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 565 25 father father NN 44541 565 26 owned own VBD 44541 565 27 land land NN 44541 565 28 . . . 44541 566 1 Originally originally RB 44541 566 2 educated educate VBN 44541 566 3 for for IN 44541 566 4 the the DT 44541 566 5 Church Church NNP 44541 566 6 , , , 44541 566 7 he -PRON- PRP 44541 566 8 soon soon RB 44541 566 9 enlisted enlist VBD 44541 566 10 , , , 44541 566 11 and and CC 44541 566 12 distinguished distinguish VBD 44541 566 13 himself -PRON- PRP 44541 566 14 in in IN 44541 566 15 active active JJ 44541 566 16 service service NN 44541 566 17 . . . 44541 567 1 Owing owe VBG 44541 567 2 to to IN 44541 567 3 an an DT 44541 567 4 accident accident NN 44541 567 5 affecting affect VBG 44541 567 6 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 567 7 health health NN 44541 567 8 , , , 44541 567 9 the the DT 44541 567 10 young young JJ 44541 567 11 Lieutenant Lieutenant NNP 44541 567 12 gave give VBD 44541 567 13 up up RP 44541 567 14 the the DT 44541 567 15 military military JJ 44541 567 16 career career NN 44541 567 17 , , , 44541 567 18 and and CC 44541 567 19 , , , 44541 567 20 without without IN 44541 567 21 means mean NNS 44541 567 22 , , , 44541 567 23 studied study VBD 44541 567 24 medicine medicine NN 44541 567 25 and and CC 44541 567 26 natural natural JJ 44541 567 27 sciences science NNS 44541 567 28 at at IN 44541 567 29 Paris Paris NNP 44541 567 30 . . . 44541 568 1 In in IN 44541 568 2 1778 1778 CD 44541 568 3 appeared appear VBD 44541 568 4 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 568 5 ' ' `` 44541 568 6 Flore Flore NNP 44541 568 7 française française NN 44541 568 8 . . . 44541 568 9 ' ' '' 44541 569 1 In in IN 44541 569 2 1793 1793 CD 44541 569 3 he -PRON- PRP 44541 569 4 was be VBD 44541 569 5 appointed appoint VBN 44541 569 6 to to IN 44541 569 7 a a DT 44541 569 8 Chair Chair NNP 44541 569 9 of of IN 44541 569 10 Zoology Zoology NNP 44541 569 11 at at IN 44541 569 12 the the DT 44541 569 13 newly newly RB 44541 569 14 - - HYPH 44541 569 15 formed form VBN 44541 569 16 Musée Musée NNP 44541 569 17 d'Histoire d'Histoire NNP 44541 569 18 Naturelle Naturelle NNP 44541 569 19 . . . 44541 570 1 He -PRON- PRP 44541 570 2 had have VBD 44541 570 3 the the DT 44541 570 4 misfortune misfortune NN 44541 570 5 to to TO 44541 570 6 become become VB 44541 570 7 gradually gradually RB 44541 570 8 blind blind JJ 44541 570 9 , , , 44541 570 10 and and CC 44541 570 11 the the DT 44541 570 12 last last JJ 44541 570 13 years year NNS 44541 570 14 of of IN 44541 570 15 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 570 16 life life NN 44541 570 17 were be VBD 44541 570 18 spent spend VBN 44541 570 19 amid amid IN 44541 570 20 straitened straiten VBN 44541 570 21 circumstances circumstance NNS 44541 570 22 . . . 44541 571 1 He -PRON- PRP 44541 571 2 died die VBD 44541 571 3 in in IN 44541 571 4 1829 1829 CD 44541 571 5 . . . 44541 572 1 In in IN 44541 572 2 1794 1794 CD 44541 572 3 Lamarck Lamarck NNP 44541 572 4 divided divide VBD 44541 572 5 the the DT 44541 572 6 whole whole JJ 44541 572 7 animal animal NN 44541 572 8 kingdom kingdom NN 44541 572 9 into into IN 44541 572 10 vertebrate vertebrate NN 44541 572 11 and and CC 44541 572 12 invertebrate invertebrate VBP 44541 572 13 animals animal NNS 44541 572 14 , , , 44541 572 15 and and CC 44541 572 16 founded found VBD 44541 572 17 successively successively RB 44541 572 18 the the DT 44541 572 19 groups group NNS 44541 572 20 of of IN 44541 572 21 Crustacea Crustacea NNP 44541 572 22 , , , 44541 572 23 Arachnida Arachnida NNP 44541 572 24 , , , 44541 572 25 Annelida Annelida NNP 44541 572 26 , , , 44541 572 27 and and CC 44541 572 28 Radiata Radiata NNP 44541 572 29 . . . 44541 573 1 Between between IN 44541 573 2 1816 1816 CD 44541 573 3 and and CC 44541 573 4 1822 1822 CD 44541 573 5 he -PRON- PRP 44541 573 6 published publish VBD 44541 573 7 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 573 8 celebrated celebrate VBN 44541 573 9 ' ' `` 44541 573 10 Histoire Histoire NNP 44541 573 11 naturelle naturelle NN 44541 573 12 des des FW 44541 573 13 Animaux Animaux NNP 44541 573 14 sans san NNS 44541 573 15 Vertèbres Vertèbres NNPS 44541 573 16 . . . 44541 573 17 ' ' '' 44541 574 1 His -PRON- PRP$ 44541 574 2 most most RBS 44541 574 3 famous famous JJ 44541 574 4 work work NN 44541 574 5 is be VBZ 44541 574 6 the the DT 44541 574 7 ' ' `` 44541 574 8 Philosophie Philosophie NNP 44541 574 9 zoologique zoologique NNP 44541 574 10 , , , 44541 574 11 ' ' '' 44541 574 12 1809 1809 CD 44541 574 13 . . . 44541 575 1 Assuming assume VBG 44541 575 2 the the DT 44541 575 3 spontaneous spontaneous JJ 44541 575 4 origin origin NN 44541 575 5 of of IN 44541 575 6 life life NN 44541 575 7 , , , 44541 575 8 he -PRON- PRP 44541 575 9 propounded propound VBD 44541 575 10 the the DT 44541 575 11 doctrine doctrine NN 44541 575 12 that that IN 44541 575 13 all all DT 44541 575 14 animals animal NNS 44541 575 15 and and CC 44541 575 16 plants plant NNS 44541 575 17 have have VBP 44541 575 18 arisen arise VBN 44541 575 19 from from IN 44541 575 20 low low JJ 44541 575 21 forms form NNS 44541 575 22 through through IN 44541 575 23 incessant incessant JJ 44541 575 24 modifications modification NNS 44541 575 25 and and CC 44541 575 26 changes change NNS 44541 575 27 . . . 44541 576 1 In in IN 44541 576 2 this this DT 44541 576 3 respect respect NN 44541 576 4 he -PRON- PRP 44541 576 5 was be VBD 44541 576 6 in in IN 44541 576 7 absolute absolute JJ 44541 576 8 opposition opposition NN 44541 576 9 to to IN 44541 576 10 Cuvier Cuvier NNP 44541 576 11 , , , 44541 576 12 who who WP 44541 576 13 upheld uphold VBD 44541 576 14 the the DT 44541 576 15 immutability immutability NN 44541 576 16 of of IN 44541 576 17 species specie NNS 44541 576 18 , , , 44541 576 19 and and CC 44541 576 20 did do VBD 44541 576 21 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 576 22 best well RBS 44541 576 23 by by IN 44541 576 24 absolute absolute JJ 44541 576 25 silence silence NN 44541 576 26 to to TO 44541 576 27 suppress suppress VB 44541 576 28 the the DT 44541 576 29 spread spread NN 44541 576 30 of of IN 44541 576 31 the the DT 44541 576 32 new new JJ 44541 576 33 doctrine doctrine NN 44541 576 34 . . . 44541 577 1 Lamarck Lamarck NNP 44541 577 2 has have VBZ 44541 577 3 explained explain VBN 44541 577 4 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 577 5 views view NNS 44541 577 6 of of IN 44541 577 7 transformism transformism NN 44541 577 8 chiefly chiefly RB 44541 577 9 in in IN 44541 577 10 the the DT 44541 577 11 seventh seventh JJ 44541 577 12 chapter chapter NN 44541 577 13 of of IN 44541 577 14 the the DT 44541 577 15 first first JJ 44541 577 16 volume volume NN 44541 577 17 of of IN 44541 577 18 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 577 19 ' ' `` 44541 577 20 Philosophie Philosophie NNP 44541 577 21 zoologique zoologique NNP 44541 577 22 . . . 44541 577 23 ' ' '' 44541 578 1 Organisms organism NNS 44541 578 2 strive strive VBP 44541 578 3 to to TO 44541 578 4 accommodate accommodate VB 44541 578 5 or or CC 44541 578 6 adapt adapt VB 44541 578 7 themselves -PRON- PRP 44541 578 8 to to IN 44541 578 9 new new JJ 44541 578 10 circumstances circumstance NNS 44541 578 11 , , , 44541 578 12 or or CC 44541 578 13 to to TO 44541 578 14 satisfy satisfy VB 44541 578 15 new new JJ 44541 578 16 requirements--_e.g requirements--_e.g NN 44541 578 17 . . . 44541 578 18 _ _ NNP 44541 578 19 , , , 44541 578 20 climate climate NN 44541 578 21 , , , 44541 578 22 mode mode NN 44541 578 23 of of IN 44541 578 24 procuring procure VBG 44541 578 25 food food NN 44541 578 26 , , , 44541 578 27 escape escape VB 44541 578 28 from from IN 44541 578 29 enemies enemy NNS 44541 578 30 . . . 44541 579 1 The the DT 44541 579 2 continued continue VBN 44541 579 3 function function NN 44541 579 4 of of IN 44541 579 5 parts part NNS 44541 579 6 of of IN 44541 579 7 an an DT 44541 579 8 organism organism NN 44541 579 9 changes change VBZ 44541 579 10 the the DT 44541 579 11 old old JJ 44541 579 12 and and CC 44541 579 13 produces produce VBZ 44541 579 14 new new JJ 44541 579 15 organs organ NNS 44541 579 16 . . . 44541 580 1 The the DT 44541 580 2 acquirements acquirement NNS 44541 580 3 are be VBP 44541 580 4 inherited inherit VBN 44541 580 5 by by IN 44541 580 6 the the DT 44541 580 7 offspring offspring NN 44541 580 8 , , , 44541 580 9 and and CC 44541 580 10 thus thus RB 44541 580 11 are be VBP 44541 580 12 produced produce VBN 44541 580 13 the the DT 44541 580 14 more more RBR 44541 580 15 complicated complicated JJ 44541 580 16 from from IN 44541 580 17 simpler simple JJR 44541 580 18 organisms organism NNS 44541 580 19 . . . 44541 581 1 Continued continue VBN 44541 581 2 disuse disuse NN 44541 581 3 brings bring VBZ 44541 581 4 about about IN 44541 581 5 degeneration degeneration NN 44541 581 6 and and CC 44541 581 7 ultimate ultimate JJ 44541 581 8 loss loss NN 44541 581 9 of of IN 44541 581 10 an an DT 44541 581 11 organ organ NN 44541 581 12 . . . 44541 582 1 Lamarck Lamarck NNP 44541 582 2 consequently consequently RB 44541 582 3 sees see VBZ 44541 582 4 in in IN 44541 582 5 the the DT 44541 582 6 adaptability adaptability NN 44541 582 7 , , , 44541 582 8 or or CC 44541 582 9 power power NN 44541 582 10 of of IN 44541 582 11 adaptation adaptation NN 44541 582 12 , , , 44541 582 13 which which WDT 44541 582 14 he -PRON- PRP 44541 582 15 assumes assume VBZ 44541 582 16 for for IN 44541 582 17 all all DT 44541 582 18 living live VBG 44541 582 19 matter matter NN 44541 582 20 the the DT 44541 582 21 ultimate ultimate JJ 44541 582 22 cause cause NN 44541 582 23 of of IN 44541 582 24 variation variation NN 44541 582 25 ; ; : 44541 582 26 and and CC 44541 582 27 , , , 44541 582 28 as as IN 44541 582 29 he -PRON- PRP 44541 582 30 was be VBD 44541 582 31 certainly certainly RB 44541 582 32 the the DT 44541 582 33 first first JJ 44541 582 34 to to TO 44541 582 35 point point VB 44541 582 36 out out RP 44541 582 37 that that IN 44541 582 38 acquired acquire VBN 44541 582 39 characters character NNS 44541 582 40 are be VBP 44541 582 41 inherited inherit VBN 44541 582 42 by by IN 44541 582 43 the the DT 44541 582 44 progeny progeny NN 44541 582 45 , , , 44541 582 46 he -PRON- PRP 44541 582 47 has have VBZ 44541 582 48 given give VBN 44541 582 49 a a DT 44541 582 50 working work VBG 44541 582 51 explanation explanation NN 44541 582 52 of of IN 44541 582 53 Evolution Evolution NNP 44541 582 54 . . . 44541 583 1 But but CC 44541 583 2 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 583 3 doctrine doctrine NN 44541 583 4 did do VBD 44541 583 5 not not RB 44541 583 6 spread spread VB 44541 583 7 -- -- : 44541 583 8 partly partly RB 44541 583 9 because because IN 44541 583 10 he -PRON- PRP 44541 583 11 was be VBD 44541 583 12 misunderstood misunderstood NN 44541 583 13 . . . 44541 584 1 His -PRON- PRP$ 44541 584 2 theory theory NN 44541 584 3 , , , 44541 584 4 that that IN 44541 584 5 a a DT 44541 584 6 new new JJ 44541 584 7 want want NN 44541 584 8 , , , 44541 584 9 by by IN 44541 584 10 making make VBG 44541 584 11 itself -PRON- PRP 44541 584 12 felt feel VBN 44541 584 13 , , , 44541 584 14 exacts exact NNS 44541 584 15 from from IN 44541 584 16 the the DT 44541 584 17 animal animal NN 44541 584 18 new new JJ 44541 584 19 exertions exertion NNS 44541 584 20 , , , 44541 584 21 perhaps perhaps RB 44541 584 22 from from IN 44541 584 23 parts part NNS 44541 584 24 hitherto hitherto RB 44541 584 25 not not RB 44541 584 26 used use VBN 44541 584 27 , , , 44541 584 28 until until IN 44541 584 29 the the DT 44541 584 30 want want NN 44541 584 31 is be VBZ 44541 584 32 satisfied satisfied JJ 44541 584 33 -- -- : 44541 584 34 this this DT 44541 584 35 way way NN 44541 584 36 of of IN 44541 584 37 putting put VBG 44541 584 38 it -PRON- PRP 44541 584 39 sounds sound VBZ 44541 584 40 too too RB 44541 584 41 teleological teleological JJ 44541 584 42 to to TO 44541 584 43 explain explain VB 44541 584 44 the the DT 44541 584 45 yearned yearn VBN 44541 584 46 - - HYPH 44541 584 47 for for IN 44541 584 48 change change NN 44541 584 49 in in IN 44541 584 50 a a DT 44541 584 51 mechanical mechanical JJ 44541 584 52 or or CC 44541 584 53 natural natural JJ 44541 584 54 way way NN 44541 584 55 . . . 44541 585 1 Moreover moreover RB 44541 585 2 , , , 44541 585 3 many many JJ 44541 585 4 of of IN 44541 585 5 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 585 6 examples example NNS 44541 585 7 lacked lack VBD 44541 585 8 the the DT 44541 585 9 exact exact JJ 44541 585 10 basis basis NN 44541 585 11 of of IN 44541 585 12 experiment experiment NN 44541 585 13 and and CC 44541 585 14 observation observation NN 44541 585 15 necessary necessary JJ 44541 585 16 for for IN 44541 585 17 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 585 18 acceptance acceptance NN 44541 585 19 . . . 44541 586 1 Witness witness VB 44541 586 2 that that DT 44541 586 3 of of IN 44541 586 4 the the DT 44541 586 5 neck neck NN 44541 586 6 of of IN 44541 586 7 the the DT 44541 586 8 giraffe,--a giraffe,--a NNP 44541 586 9 never never RB 44541 586 10 - - HYPH 44541 586 11 failing fail VBG 44541 586 12 source source NN 44541 586 13 of of IN 44541 586 14 ridicule ridicule NN 44541 586 15 to to IN 44541 586 16 men man NNS 44541 586 17 who who WP 44541 586 18 can can MD 44541 586 19 not not RB 44541 586 20 see see VB 44541 586 21 the the DT 44541 586 22 deeper deep JJR 44541 586 23 purpose purpose NN 44541 586 24 underlying underlie VBG 44541 586 25 the the DT 44541 586 26 well well RB 44541 586 27 - - HYPH 44541 586 28 meant mean VBN 44541 586 29 attempt attempt NN 44541 586 30 at at IN 44541 586 31 an an DT 44541 586 32 explanation explanation NN 44541 586 33 , , , 44541 586 34 which which WDT 44541 586 35 failed fail VBD 44541 586 36 from from IN 44541 586 37 want want NN 44541 586 38 of of IN 44541 586 39 complete complete JJ 44541 586 40 knowledge knowledge NN 44541 586 41 of of IN 44541 586 42 the the DT 44541 586 43 intricate intricate JJ 44541 586 44 circumstances circumstance NNS 44541 586 45 . . . 44541 587 1 However however RB 44541 587 2 , , , 44541 587 3 the the DT 44541 587 4 theory theory NN 44541 587 5 of of IN 44541 587 6 transformism transformism NN 44541 587 7 was be VBD 44541 587 8 , , , 44541 587 9 so so RB 44541 587 10 to to TO 44541 587 11 speak speak VB 44541 587 12 , , , 44541 587 13 in in IN 44541 587 14 the the DT 44541 587 15 air air NN 44541 587 16 ; ; : 44541 587 17 and and CC 44541 587 18 various various JJ 44541 587 19 authors author NNS 44541 587 20 have have VBP 44541 587 21 written write VBN 44541 587 22 on on IN 44541 587 23 the the DT 44541 587 24 subject subject NN 44541 587 25 , , , 44541 587 26 filling fill VBG 44541 587 27 the the DT 44541 587 28 gap gap NN 44541 587 29 between between IN 44541 587 30 Lamarck Lamarck NNP 44541 587 31 and and CC 44541 587 32 Darwin Darwin NNP 44541 587 33 , , , 44541 587 34 especially especially RB 44541 587 35 Goethe goethe UH 44541 587 36 , , , 44541 587 37 Treviranus Treviranus NNP 44541 587 38 , , , 44541 587 39 Leopold Leopold NNP 44541 587 40 von von NNP 44541 587 41 Buch Buch NNP 44541 587 42 , , , 44541 587 43 and and CC 44541 587 44 Herbert Herbert NNP 44541 587 45 Spencer Spencer NNP 44541 587 46 . . . 44541 588 1 But but CC 44541 588 2 it -PRON- PRP 44541 588 3 is be VBZ 44541 588 4 Darwin Darwin NNP 44541 588 5 's 's POS 44541 588 6 immortal immortal JJ 44541 588 7 merit merit NN 44541 588 8 to to TO 44541 588 9 have have VB 44541 588 10 opened open VBN 44541 588 11 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 588 12 eyes eye NNS 44541 588 13 by by IN 44541 588 14 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 588 15 theory theory NN 44541 588 16 of of IN 44541 588 17 natural natural JJ 44541 588 18 selection selection NN 44541 588 19 , , , 44541 588 20 which which WDT 44541 588 21 is be VBZ 44541 588 22 , , , 44541 588 23 at at IN 44541 588 24 least least JJS 44541 588 25 , , , 44541 588 26 the the DT 44541 588 27 first first JJ 44541 588 28 attempt attempt NN 44541 588 29 to to TO 44541 588 30 explain explain VB 44541 588 31 some some DT 44541 588 32 of of IN 44541 588 33 the the DT 44541 588 34 causes cause NNS 44541 588 35 and and CC 44541 588 36 incidents incident NNS 44541 588 37 of of IN 44541 588 38 organic organic JJ 44541 588 39 Evolution Evolution NNP 44541 588 40 in in IN 44541 588 41 a a DT 44541 588 42 natural natural JJ 44541 588 43 mechanical mechanical JJ 44541 588 44 way way NN 44541 588 45 . . . 44541 589 1 Moreover moreover RB 44541 589 2 , , , 44541 589 3 he -PRON- PRP 44541 589 4 was be VBD 44541 589 5 the the DT 44541 589 6 first first JJ 44541 589 7 clearly clearly RB 44541 589 8 to to TO 44541 589 9 express express VB 44541 589 10 the the DT 44541 589 11 fundamental fundamental JJ 44541 589 12 principles principle NNS 44541 589 13 of of IN 44541 589 14 the the DT 44541 589 15 theory theory NN 44541 589 16 of of IN 44541 589 17 descent descent NN 44541 589 18 , , , 44541 589 19 to to TO 44541 589 20 elaborate elaborate VB 44541 589 21 what what WP 44541 589 22 had have VBD 44541 589 23 been be VBN 44541 589 24 at at IN 44541 589 25 best good JJS 44541 589 26 a a DT 44541 589 27 general general JJ 44541 589 28 sketch sketch NN 44541 589 29 of of IN 44541 589 30 an an DT 44541 589 31 ill ill RB 44541 589 32 - - HYPH 44541 589 33 defined define VBN 44541 589 34 problem problem NN 44541 589 35 , , , 44541 589 36 and and CC 44541 589 37 to to TO 44541 589 38 enter enter VB 44541 589 39 into into IN 44541 589 40 detail detail NN 44541 589 41 , , , 44541 589 42 supported support VBN 44541 589 43 by by IN 44541 589 44 a a DT 44541 589 45 host host NN 44541 589 46 of of IN 44541 589 47 painstaking painstaking JJ 44541 589 48 observations observation NNS 44541 589 49 , , , 44541 589 50 the the DT 44541 589 51 making making NN 44541 589 52 of of IN 44541 589 53 which which WDT 44541 589 54 had have VBD 44541 589 55 taken take VBN 44541 589 56 him -PRON- PRP 44541 589 57 half half PDT 44541 589 58 a a DT 44541 589 59 lifetime lifetime NN 44541 589 60 . . . 44541 590 1 Darwin Darwin NNP 44541 590 2 , , , 44541 590 3 without without IN 44541 590 4 going go VBG 44541 590 5 further far RBR 44541 590 6 than than IN 44541 590 7 cursorily cursorily RB 44541 590 8 into into IN 44541 590 9 the the DT 44541 590 10 causes cause NNS 44541 590 11 of of IN 44541 590 12 variation variation NN 44541 590 13 , , , 44541 590 14 argued argue VBD 44541 590 15 as as IN 44541 590 16 follows follow VBZ 44541 590 17 : : : 44541 590 18 We -PRON- PRP 44541 590 19 know know VBP 44541 590 20 that that IN 44541 590 21 variations variation NNS 44541 590 22 do do VBP 44541 590 23 occur occur VB 44541 590 24 in in IN 44541 590 25 every every DT 44541 590 26 kind kind NN 44541 590 27 of of IN 44541 590 28 living living NN 44541 590 29 creatures creature NNS 44541 590 30 . . . 44541 591 1 Some some DT 44541 591 2 of of IN 44541 591 3 these these DT 44541 591 4 variations variation NNS 44541 591 5 lead lead VBP 44541 591 6 to to IN 44541 591 7 something something NN 44541 591 8 , , , 44541 591 9 while while IN 44541 591 10 others other NNS 44541 591 11 do do VBP 44541 591 12 not not RB 44541 591 13 . . . 44541 592 1 An an DT 44541 592 2 enormously enormously RB 44541 592 3 greater great JJR 44541 592 4 number number NN 44541 592 5 of of IN 44541 592 6 animals animal NNS 44541 592 7 and and CC 44541 592 8 plants plant NNS 44541 592 9 are be VBP 44541 592 10 born bear VBN 44541 592 11 than than IN 44541 592 12 reach reach VB 44541 592 13 maturity maturity NN 44541 592 14 and and CC 44541 592 15 can can MD 44541 592 16 in in IN 44541 592 17 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 592 18 turn turn NN 44541 592 19 continue continue VB 44541 592 20 the the DT 44541 592 21 race race NN 44541 592 22 . . . 44541 593 1 What what WP 44541 593 2 is be VBZ 44541 593 3 the the DT 44541 593 4 regulating regulating NN 44541 593 5 factor factor NN 44541 593 6 ? ? . 44541 594 1 His -PRON- PRP$ 44541 594 2 answer answer NN 44541 594 3 is be VBZ 44541 594 4 , , , 44541 594 5 The the DT 44541 594 6 struggle struggle NN 44541 594 7 for for IN 44541 594 8 existence existence NN 44541 594 9 -- -- : 44541 594 10 in in IN 44541 594 11 other other JJ 44541 594 12 words word NNS 44541 594 13 , , , 44541 594 14 the the DT 44541 594 15 weeding weed VBG 44541 594 16 out out IN 44541 594 17 of of IN 44541 594 18 the the DT 44541 594 19 less less RBR 44541 594 20 fit fit JJ 44541 594 21 , , , 44541 594 22 or or CC 44541 594 23 rather rather RB 44541 594 24 of of IN 44541 594 25 the the DT 44541 594 26 owners owner NNS 44541 594 27 of of IN 44541 594 28 those those DT 44541 594 29 variations variation NNS 44541 594 30 which which WDT 44541 594 31 are be VBP 44541 594 32 not not RB 44541 594 33 so so RB 44541 594 34 well well RB 44541 594 35 adapted adapted JJ 44541 594 36 to to IN 44541 594 37 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 594 38 surroundings surrounding NNS 44541 594 39 . . . 44541 595 1 For for IN 44541 595 2 ' ' `` 44541 595 3 adapted adapt VBN 44541 595 4 ' ' '' 44541 595 5 we -PRON- PRP 44541 595 6 had have VBD 44541 595 7 better well JJR 44541 595 8 read read VBN 44541 595 9 ' ' '' 44541 595 10 adaptable adaptable JJ 44541 595 11 , , , 44541 595 12 ' ' '' 44541 595 13 because because IN 44541 595 14 a a DT 44541 595 15 variation variation NN 44541 595 16 which which WDT 44541 595 17 does do VBZ 44541 595 18 not not RB 44541 595 19 answer answer VB 44541 595 20 , , , 44541 595 21 which which WDT 44541 595 22 can can MD 44541 595 23 not not RB 44541 595 24 be be VB 44541 595 25 made make VBN 44541 595 26 use use NN 44541 595 27 of of IN 44541 595 28 , , , 44541 595 29 or or CC 44541 595 30 , , , 44541 595 31 still still RB 44541 595 32 more more RBR 44541 595 33 notably notably RB 44541 595 34 , , , 44541 595 35 is be VBZ 44541 595 36 a a DT 44541 595 37 hindrance hindrance NN 44541 595 38 or or CC 44541 595 39 disadvantage disadvantage NN 44541 595 40 , , , 44541 595 41 does do VBZ 44541 595 42 not not RB 44541 595 43 become become VB 44541 595 44 an an DT 44541 595 45 adapted adapt VBN 44541 595 46 feature feature NN 44541 595 47 . . . 44541 596 1 There there EX 44541 596 2 is be VBZ 44541 596 3 often often RB 44541 596 4 a a DT 44541 596 5 confusion confusion NN 44541 596 6 between between IN 44541 596 7 adaptation adaptation NN 44541 596 8 as as IN 44541 596 9 an an DT 44541 596 10 accomplished accomplished JJ 44541 596 11 fact fact NN 44541 596 12 , , , 44541 596 13 a a DT 44541 596 14 feature feature NN 44541 596 15 , , , 44541 596 16 or or CC 44541 596 17 resultant resultant JJ 44541 596 18 condition condition NN 44541 596 19 , , , 44541 596 20 and and CC 44541 596 21 adaptation adaptation NN 44541 596 22 as as IN 44541 596 23 the the DT 44541 596 24 mode mode NN 44541 596 25 of of IN 44541 596 26 fitting fit VBG 44541 596 27 the the DT 44541 596 28 organism organism NN 44541 596 29 to to IN 44541 596 30 , , , 44541 596 31 or or CC 44541 596 32 making make VBG 44541 596 33 the the DT 44541 596 34 best good JJS 44541 596 35 of of IN 44541 596 36 , , , 44541 596 37 the the DT 44541 596 38 prevailing prevail VBG 44541 596 39 surroundings surrounding NNS 44541 596 40 or or CC 44541 596 41 circumstances circumstance NNS 44541 596 42 . . . 44541 597 1 ÉTIENNE ÉTIENNE NNP 44541 597 2 GEOFFROY GEOFFROY NNP 44541 597 3 SAINT SAINT NNP 44541 597 4 - - HYPH 44541 597 5 HILAIRE HILAIRE NNP 44541 597 6 was be VBD 44541 597 7 born bear VBN 44541 597 8 in in IN 44541 597 9 1772 1772 CD 44541 597 10 at at IN 44541 597 11 Étampes Étampes NNP 44541 597 12 , , , 44541 597 13 Seine Seine NNP 44541 597 14 - - HYPH 44541 597 15 et et FW 44541 597 16 - - HYPH 44541 597 17 Oise Oise NNP 44541 597 18 . . . 44541 598 1 He -PRON- PRP 44541 598 2 was be VBD 44541 598 3 originally originally RB 44541 598 4 brought bring VBN 44541 598 5 up up RP 44541 598 6 for for IN 44541 598 7 the the DT 44541 598 8 Church church NN 44541 598 9 ; ; : 44541 598 10 but but CC 44541 598 11 when when WRB 44541 598 12 already already RB 44541 598 13 ordained ordain VBD 44541 598 14 he -PRON- PRP 44541 598 15 attended attend VBD 44541 598 16 lectures lecture NNS 44541 598 17 on on IN 44541 598 18 natural natural JJ 44541 598 19 science science NN 44541 598 20 and and CC 44541 598 21 medicine medicine NN 44541 598 22 in in IN 44541 598 23 Paris Paris NNP 44541 598 24 . . . 44541 599 1 He -PRON- PRP 44541 599 2 managed manage VBD 44541 599 3 to to TO 44541 599 4 get get VB 44541 599 5 the the DT 44541 599 6 place place NN 44541 599 7 of of IN 44541 599 8 assistant assistant NN 44541 599 9 in in IN 44541 599 10 the the DT 44541 599 11 Musée Musée NNP 44541 599 12 d'Histoire d'Histoire NNP 44541 599 13 Naturelle Naturelle NNP 44541 599 14 ; ; : 44541 599 15 he -PRON- PRP 44541 599 16 became become VBD 44541 599 17 Professor Professor NNP 44541 599 18 of of IN 44541 599 19 Zoology Zoology NNP 44541 599 20 in in IN 44541 599 21 1793 1793 CD 44541 599 22 , , , 44541 599 23 and and CC 44541 599 24 took take VBD 44541 599 25 the the DT 44541 599 26 opportunity opportunity NN 44541 599 27 of of IN 44541 599 28 encouraging encourage VBG 44541 599 29 young young JJ 44541 599 30 Cuvier cuvier NN 44541 599 31 . . . 44541 600 1 Later later RBR 44541 600 2 he -PRON- PRP 44541 600 3 became become VBD 44541 600 4 Professor Professor NNP 44541 600 5 of of IN 44541 600 6 Zoology Zoology NNP 44541 600 7 of of IN 44541 600 8 the the DT 44541 600 9 Faculté Faculté NNP 44541 600 10 des des FW 44541 600 11 Sciences Sciences NNPS 44541 600 12 , , , 44541 600 13 and and CC 44541 600 14 in in IN 44541 600 15 1818 1818 CD 44541 600 16 he -PRON- PRP 44541 600 17 published publish VBD 44541 600 18 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 600 19 remarkable remarkable JJ 44541 600 20 ' ' `` 44541 600 21 Philosophie Philosophie NNP 44541 600 22 anatomique anatomique NN 44541 600 23 . . . 44541 600 24 ' ' '' 44541 601 1 He -PRON- PRP 44541 601 2 died die VBD 44541 601 3 in in IN 44541 601 4 1844 1844 CD 44541 601 5 . . . 44541 602 1 He -PRON- PRP 44541 602 2 had have VBD 44541 602 3 conceived conceive VBN 44541 602 4 the the DT 44541 602 5 ' ' `` 44541 602 6 unity unity NN 44541 602 7 of of IN 44541 602 8 organic organic JJ 44541 602 9 composition composition NN 44541 602 10 , , , 44541 602 11 ' ' '' 44541 602 12 meaning mean VBG 44541 602 13 that that IN 44541 602 14 there there EX 44541 602 15 is be VBZ 44541 602 16 only only RB 44541 602 17 one one CD 44541 602 18 plan plan NN 44541 602 19 of of IN 44541 602 20 construction,--the construction,--the NNP 44541 602 21 same same JJ 44541 602 22 principle principle NN 44541 602 23 , , , 44541 602 24 but but CC 44541 602 25 varied varied JJ 44541 602 26 in in IN 44541 602 27 its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 602 28 accessory accessory JJ 44541 602 29 parts part NNS 44541 602 30 . . . 44541 603 1 In in IN 44541 603 2 1830 1830 CD 44541 603 3 , , , 44541 603 4 when when WRB 44541 603 5 Geoffroy Geoffroy NNP 44541 603 6 proceeded proceed VBD 44541 603 7 to to TO 44541 603 8 apply apply VB 44541 603 9 to to IN 44541 603 10 the the DT 44541 603 11 Invertebrata Invertebrata NNP 44541 603 12 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 603 13 views view NNS 44541 603 14 as as IN 44541 603 15 to to IN 44541 603 16 the the DT 44541 603 17 uniformity uniformity NN 44541 603 18 of of IN 44541 603 19 animal animal NN 44541 603 20 composition composition NN 44541 603 21 , , , 44541 603 22 he -PRON- PRP 44541 603 23 found find VBD 44541 603 24 a a DT 44541 603 25 vigorous vigorous JJ 44541 603 26 opponent opponent NN 44541 603 27 in in IN 44541 603 28 Cuvier Cuvier NNP 44541 603 29 . . . 44541 604 1 Geoffroy Geoffroy NNP 44541 604 2 , , , 44541 604 3 like like IN 44541 604 4 Goethe Goethe NNP 44541 604 5 , , , 44541 604 6 held hold VBD 44541 604 7 that that IN 44541 604 8 there there EX 44541 604 9 is be VBZ 44541 604 10 in in IN 44541 604 11 Nature nature NN 44541 604 12 a a DT 44541 604 13 law law NN 44541 604 14 of of IN 44541 604 15 compensation compensation NN 44541 604 16 , , , 44541 604 17 or or CC 44541 604 18 balancing balancing NN 44541 604 19 of of IN 44541 604 20 growth growth NN 44541 604 21 , , , 44541 604 22 so so IN 44541 604 23 that that IN 44541 604 24 if if IN 44541 604 25 one one CD 44541 604 26 organ organ NN 44541 604 27 take take VBP 44541 604 28 on on RP 44541 604 29 an an DT 44541 604 30 excess excess NN 44541 604 31 of of IN 44541 604 32 development development NN 44541 604 33 , , , 44541 604 34 it -PRON- PRP 44541 604 35 is be VBZ 44541 604 36 at at IN 44541 604 37 the the DT 44541 604 38 expense expense NN 44541 604 39 of of IN 44541 604 40 another another DT 44541 604 41 part part NN 44541 604 42 ; ; : 44541 604 43 and and CC 44541 604 44 he -PRON- PRP 44541 604 45 maintained maintain VBD 44541 604 46 that that IN 44541 604 47 , , , 44541 604 48 since since IN 44541 604 49 Nature nature NN 44541 604 50 takes take VBZ 44541 604 51 no no RB 44541 604 52 sudden sudden JJ 44541 604 53 leaps leap NNS 44541 604 54 , , , 44541 604 55 even even RB 44541 604 56 organs organ NNS 44541 604 57 which which WDT 44541 604 58 are be VBP 44541 604 59 superfluous superfluous JJ 44541 604 60 in in IN 44541 604 61 any any DT 44541 604 62 given give VBN 44541 604 63 species specie NNS 44541 604 64 , , , 44541 604 65 if if IN 44541 604 66 they -PRON- PRP 44541 604 67 have have VBP 44541 604 68 played play VBN 44541 604 69 an an DT 44541 604 70 important important JJ 44541 604 71 part part NN 44541 604 72 in in IN 44541 604 73 other other JJ 44541 604 74 species specie NNS 44541 604 75 of of IN 44541 604 76 the the DT 44541 604 77 same same JJ 44541 604 78 family family NN 44541 604 79 , , , 44541 604 80 are be VBP 44541 604 81 retained retain VBN 44541 604 82 as as IN 44541 604 83 rudiments rudiment NNS 44541 604 84 , , , 44541 604 85 which which WDT 44541 604 86 testify testify VBP 44541 604 87 to to IN 44541 604 88 the the DT 44541 604 89 permanence permanence NN 44541 604 90 of of IN 44541 604 91 the the DT 44541 604 92 general general JJ 44541 604 93 plan plan NN 44541 604 94 of of IN 44541 604 95 creation creation NN 44541 604 96 . . . 44541 605 1 It -PRON- PRP 44541 605 2 was be VBD 44541 605 3 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 605 4 conviction conviction NN 44541 605 5 that that IN 44541 605 6 , , , 44541 605 7 owing owe VBG 44541 605 8 to to IN 44541 605 9 the the DT 44541 605 10 conditions condition NNS 44541 605 11 of of IN 44541 605 12 life life NN 44541 605 13 , , , 44541 605 14 the the DT 44541 605 15 same same JJ 44541 605 16 forms form NNS 44541 605 17 had have VBD 44541 605 18 _ _ NNP 44541 605 19 not not RB 44541 605 20 _ _ NNP 44541 605 21 been be VBN 44541 605 22 perpetuated perpetuate VBN 44541 605 23 since since IN 44541 605 24 the the DT 44541 605 25 origin origin NN 44541 605 26 of of IN 44541 605 27 all all DT 44541 605 28 things thing NNS 44541 605 29 , , , 44541 605 30 although although IN 44541 605 31 it -PRON- PRP 44541 605 32 was be VBD 44541 605 33 not not RB 44541 605 34 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 605 35 belief belief NN 44541 605 36 that that IN 44541 605 37 existing exist VBG 44541 605 38 species specie NNS 44541 605 39 were be VBD 44541 605 40 becoming become VBG 44541 605 41 modified modify VBN 44541 605 42 . . . 44541 606 1 Cuvier cuvier RBR 44541 606 2 , , , 44541 606 3 on on IN 44541 606 4 the the DT 44541 606 5 other other JJ 44541 606 6 hand hand NN 44541 606 7 , , , 44541 606 8 maintained maintain VBD 44541 606 9 the the DT 44541 606 10 absolute absolute JJ 44541 606 11 invariability invariability NN 44541 606 12 of of IN 44541 606 13 species specie NNS 44541 606 14 , , , 44541 606 15 which which WDT 44541 606 16 , , , 44541 606 17 he -PRON- PRP 44541 606 18 declared declare VBD 44541 606 19 , , , 44541 606 20 had have VBD 44541 606 21 been be VBN 44541 606 22 created create VBN 44541 606 23 with with IN 44541 606 24 regard regard NN 44541 606 25 to to IN 44541 606 26 the the DT 44541 606 27 circumstances circumstance NNS 44541 606 28 in in IN 44541 606 29 which which WDT 44541 606 30 they -PRON- PRP 44541 606 31 were be VBD 44541 606 32 placed place VBN 44541 606 33 , , , 44541 606 34 each each DT 44541 606 35 organ organ NN 44541 606 36 contrived contrive VBN 44541 606 37 with with IN 44541 606 38 a a DT 44541 606 39 view view NN 44541 606 40 to to IN 44541 606 41 the the DT 44541 606 42 function function NN 44541 606 43 it -PRON- PRP 44541 606 44 had have VBD 44541 606 45 to to IN 44541 606 46 fulfil,--thus fulfil,--thus ADD 44541 606 47 putting put VBG 44541 606 48 the the DT 44541 606 49 effect effect NN 44541 606 50 for for IN 44541 606 51 the the DT 44541 606 52 cause cause NN 44541 606 53 ( ( -LRB- 44541 606 54 ' ' `` 44541 606 55 Encyclopædia Encyclopædia NNP 44541 606 56 Britannica Britannica NNP 44541 606 57 , , , 44541 606 58 ' ' '' 44541 606 59 9th 9th JJ 44541 606 60 edition edition NN 44541 606 61 , , , 44541 606 62 vol vol NNP 44541 606 63 . . . 44541 607 1 xxi xxi NNP 44541 607 2 . . NNP 44541 607 3 , , , 44541 607 4 p. p. NN 44541 607 5 171 171 CD 44541 607 6 ) ) -RRB- 44541 607 7 . . . 44541 608 1 GEORGE GEORGE NNP 44541 608 2 CUVIER CUVIER NNP 44541 608 3 was be VBD 44541 608 4 born bear VBN 44541 608 5 in in IN 44541 608 6 1769 1769 CD 44541 608 7 at at IN 44541 608 8 Montbéliard Montbéliard NNP 44541 608 9 , , , 44541 608 10 in in IN 44541 608 11 the the DT 44541 608 12 department department NN 44541 608 13 of of IN 44541 608 14 Doubs Doubs NNP 44541 608 15 , , , 44541 608 16 which which WDT 44541 608 17 at at IN 44541 608 18 that that DT 44541 608 19 time time NN 44541 608 20 belonged belong VBD 44541 608 21 to to IN 44541 608 22 Württemberg Württemberg NNP 44541 608 23 . . . 44541 609 1 He -PRON- PRP 44541 609 2 was be VBD 44541 609 3 educated educate VBN 44541 609 4 at at IN 44541 609 5 Stuttgart Stuttgart NNP 44541 609 6 , , , 44541 609 7 and and CC 44541 609 8 studied study VBD 44541 609 9 political political JJ 44541 609 10 economy economy NN 44541 609 11 . . . 44541 610 1 While while IN 44541 610 2 acting act VBG 44541 610 3 as as IN 44541 610 4 private private JJ 44541 610 5 tutor tutor NN 44541 610 6 to to IN 44541 610 7 a a DT 44541 610 8 French french JJ 44541 610 9 family family NN 44541 610 10 in in IN 44541 610 11 France France NNP 44541 610 12 he -PRON- PRP 44541 610 13 followed follow VBD 44541 610 14 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 610 15 favourite favourite JJ 44541 610 16 pursuit pursuit NN 44541 610 17 , , , 44541 610 18 the the DT 44541 610 19 study study NN 44541 610 20 of of IN 44541 610 21 natural natural JJ 44541 610 22 sciences science NNS 44541 610 23 . . . 44541 611 1 Geoffroy Geoffroy NNP 44541 611 2 Saint Saint NNP 44541 611 3 - - HYPH 44541 611 4 Hilaire Hilaire NNP 44541 611 5 heard hear VBD 44541 611 6 of of IN 44541 611 7 him -PRON- PRP 44541 611 8 , , , 44541 611 9 and and CC 44541 611 10 appointed appoint VBD 44541 611 11 him -PRON- PRP 44541 611 12 assistant assistant NN 44541 611 13 in in IN 44541 611 14 the the DT 44541 611 15 department department NNP 44541 611 16 of of IN 44541 611 17 comparative comparative NNP 44541 611 18 anatomy anatomy NN 44541 611 19 in in IN 44541 611 20 the the DT 44541 611 21 Musée Musée NNP 44541 611 22 d'Histoire d'Histoire NNP 44541 611 23 Naturelle Naturelle NNP 44541 611 24 . . . 44541 612 1 In in IN 44541 612 2 1799 1799 CD 44541 612 3 he -PRON- PRP 44541 612 4 was be VBD 44541 612 5 elected elect VBN 44541 612 6 Professor Professor NNP 44541 612 7 of of IN 44541 612 8 Natural Natural NNP 44541 612 9 History History NNP 44541 612 10 at at IN 44541 612 11 the the DT 44541 612 12 Collège Collège NNP 44541 612 13 de de IN 44541 612 14 France France NNP 44541 612 15 , , , 44541 612 16 and and CC 44541 612 17 soon soon RB 44541 612 18 after after IN 44541 612 19 he -PRON- PRP 44541 612 20 became become VBD 44541 612 21 Perpetual Perpetual NNP 44541 612 22 Secretary Secretary NNP 44541 612 23 of of IN 44541 612 24 the the DT 44541 612 25 Institut Institut NNP 44541 612 26 National National NNP 44541 612 27 . . . 44541 613 1 In in IN 44541 613 2 1831 1831 CD 44541 613 3 , , , 44541 613 4 a a DT 44541 613 5 year year NN 44541 613 6 before before IN 44541 613 7 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 613 8 death death NN 44541 613 9 , , , 44541 613 10 Louis Louis NNP 44541 613 11 Philippe Philippe NNP 44541 613 12 raised raise VBD 44541 613 13 him -PRON- PRP 44541 613 14 to to IN 44541 613 15 the the DT 44541 613 16 rank rank NN 44541 613 17 of of IN 44541 613 18 a a DT 44541 613 19 peer peer NN 44541 613 20 of of IN 44541 613 21 France France NNP 44541 613 22 . . . 44541 614 1 Cuvier Cuvier NNP 44541 614 2 was be VBD 44541 614 3 the the DT 44541 614 4 first first JJ 44541 614 5 to to TO 44541 614 6 indicate indicate VB 44541 614 7 the the DT 44541 614 8 true true JJ 44541 614 9 principle principle NN 44541 614 10 upon upon IN 44541 614 11 which which WDT 44541 614 12 the the DT 44541 614 13 natural natural JJ 44541 614 14 classification classification NN 44541 614 15 of of IN 44541 614 16 animals animal NNS 44541 614 17 should should MD 44541 614 18 be be VB 44541 614 19 based base VBN 44541 614 20 -- -- : 44541 614 21 namely namely RB 44541 614 22 , , , 44541 614 23 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 614 24 structure structure NN 44541 614 25 . . . 44541 615 1 It -PRON- PRP 44541 615 2 is be VBZ 44541 615 3 the the DT 44541 615 4 study study NN 44541 615 5 of of IN 44541 615 6 the the DT 44541 615 7 anatomy anatomy NN 44541 615 8 of of IN 44541 615 9 the the DT 44541 615 10 creatures creature NNS 44541 615 11 and and CC 44541 615 12 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 615 13 comparison comparison NN 44541 615 14 which which WDT 44541 615 15 affords afford VBZ 44541 615 16 the the DT 44541 615 17 only only JJ 44541 615 18 sound sound JJ 44541 615 19 basis basis NN 44541 615 20 of of IN 44541 615 21 a a DT 44541 615 22 classification classification NN 44541 615 23 . . . 44541 616 1 The the DT 44541 616 2 work work NN 44541 616 3 which which WDT 44541 616 4 had have VBD 44541 616 5 the the DT 44541 616 6 greatest great JJS 44541 616 7 influence influence NN 44541 616 8 upon upon IN 44541 616 9 the the DT 44541 616 10 scientific scientific JJ 44541 616 11 public public NN 44541 616 12 is be VBZ 44541 616 13 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 616 14 ' ' `` 44541 616 15 Règne Règne NNP 44541 616 16 animal animal NN 44541 616 17 distribué distribué NNP 44541 616 18 d'après d'après NNP 44541 616 19 son son NN 44541 616 20 Organisation Organisation NNP 44541 616 21 , , , 44541 616 22 ' ' '' 44541 616 23 1817 1817 CD 44541 616 24 . . . 44541 617 1 The the DT 44541 617 2 system system NN 44541 617 3 which which WDT 44541 617 4 he -PRON- PRP 44541 617 5 propounded propound VBD 44541 617 6 in in IN 44541 617 7 this this DT 44541 617 8 book book NN 44541 617 9 gradually gradually RB 44541 617 10 came come VBD 44541 617 11 to to TO 44541 617 12 have have VB 44541 617 13 almost almost RB 44541 617 14 world world NN 44541 617 15 - - HYPH 44541 617 16 wide wide JJ 44541 617 17 fame fame NN 44541 617 18 , , , 44541 617 19 and and CC 44541 617 20 , , , 44541 617 21 in in IN 44541 617 22 spite spite NN 44541 617 23 of of IN 44541 617 24 its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 617 25 many many JJ 44541 617 26 obvious obvious JJ 44541 617 27 deficiencies deficiency NNS 44541 617 28 , , , 44541 617 29 still still RB 44541 617 30 lingers linger VBZ 44541 617 31 in in IN 44541 617 32 some some DT 44541 617 33 of of IN 44541 617 34 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 617 35 most most RBS 44541 617 36 recent recent JJ 44541 617 37 text text NN 44541 617 38 - - HYPH 44541 617 39 books book NNS 44541 617 40 . . . 44541 618 1 A a DT 44541 618 2 standard standard JJ 44541 618 3 work work NN 44541 618 4 is be VBZ 44541 618 5 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 618 6 ' ' '' 44541 618 7 Leçons Leçons NNPS 44541 618 8 d'Anatomie d'Anatomie NNP 44541 618 9 comparée comparée NNP 44541 618 10 , , , 44541 618 11 ' ' '' 44541 618 12 and and CC 44541 618 13 , , , 44541 618 14 in in IN 44541 618 15 truth truth NN 44541 618 16 , , , 44541 618 17 he -PRON- PRP 44541 618 18 is be VBZ 44541 618 19 the the DT 44541 618 20 founder founder NN 44541 618 21 of of IN 44541 618 22 that that DT 44541 618 23 kind kind NN 44541 618 24 of of IN 44541 618 25 comparative comparative JJ 44541 618 26 anatomy anatomy NN 44541 618 27 which which WDT 44541 618 28 was be VBD 44541 618 29 brought bring VBN 44541 618 30 to to IN 44541 618 31 such such PDT 44541 618 32 a a DT 44541 618 33 high high JJ 44541 618 34 state state NN 44541 618 35 by by IN 44541 618 36 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 618 37 pupil pupil NN 44541 618 38 , , , 44541 618 39 the the DT 44541 618 40 late late JJ 44541 618 41 Sir Sir NNP 44541 618 42 Richard Richard NNP 44541 618 43 Owen Owen NNP 44541 618 44 . . . 44541 619 1 Cuvier Cuvier NNP 44541 619 2 discovered discover VBD 44541 619 3 the the DT 44541 619 4 law law NN 44541 619 5 of of IN 44541 619 6 ' ' `` 44541 619 7 correlation correlation NN 44541 619 8 of of IN 44541 619 9 growth growth NN 44541 619 10 , , , 44541 619 11 ' ' '' 44541 619 12 and and CC 44541 619 13 was be VBD 44541 619 14 the the DT 44541 619 15 first first JJ 44541 619 16 to to TO 44541 619 17 apply apply VB 44541 619 18 this this DT 44541 619 19 law law NN 44541 619 20 to to IN 44541 619 21 the the DT 44541 619 22 reconstruction reconstruction NN 44541 619 23 of of IN 44541 619 24 animals animal NNS 44541 619 25 from from IN 44541 619 26 fragments fragment NNS 44541 619 27 : : : 44541 619 28 see see VB 44541 619 29 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 619 30 monumental monumental JJ 44541 619 31 work work NN 44541 619 32 entitled entitle VBN 44541 619 33 ' ' '' 44541 619 34 Recherches recherche NNS 44541 619 35 sur sur FW 44541 619 36 les les NNP 44541 619 37 Ossemens Ossemens NNP 44541 619 38 fossiles fossile NNS 44541 619 39 , , , 44541 619 40 ' ' '' 44541 619 41 1812 1812 CD 44541 619 42 . . . 44541 620 1 Cuvier cuvi JJR 44541 620 2 , , , 44541 620 3 however however RB 44541 620 4 , , , 44541 620 5 as as IN 44541 620 6 a a DT 44541 620 7 strict strict JJ 44541 620 8 matter matter NN 44541 620 9 - - HYPH 44541 620 10 of of IN 44541 620 11 - - HYPH 44541 620 12 fact fact NN 44541 620 13 man man NN 44541 620 14 , , , 44541 620 15 was be VBD 44541 620 16 incapable incapable JJ 44541 620 17 of of IN 44541 620 18 appreciating appreciate VBG 44541 620 19 the the DT 44541 620 20 speculative speculative JJ 44541 620 21 conclusions conclusion NNS 44541 620 22 which which WDT 44541 620 23 were be VBD 44541 620 24 drawn draw VBN 44541 620 25 by by IN 44541 620 26 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 620 27 contemporaries contemporary NNS 44541 620 28 Saint Saint NNP 44541 620 29 - - HYPH 44541 620 30 Hilaire Hilaire NNP 44541 620 31 and and CC 44541 620 32 Lamarck Lamarck NNP 44541 620 33 . . . 44541 621 1 On on IN 44541 621 2 the the DT 44541 621 3 contrary contrary NN 44541 621 4 , , , 44541 621 5 he -PRON- PRP 44541 621 6 firmly firmly RB 44541 621 7 stuck stick VBD 44541 621 8 to to IN 44541 621 9 the the DT 44541 621 10 doctrine doctrine NN 44541 621 11 of of IN 44541 621 12 the the DT 44541 621 13 immutability immutability NN 44541 621 14 of of IN 44541 621 15 species specie NNS 44541 621 16 ; ; : 44541 621 17 and and CC 44541 621 18 , , , 44541 621 19 in in IN 44541 621 20 order order NN 44541 621 21 to to TO 44541 621 22 account account VB 44541 621 23 for for IN 44541 621 24 the the DT 44541 621 25 existence existence NN 44541 621 26 of of IN 44541 621 27 animals animal NNS 44541 621 28 whose whose WP$ 44541 621 29 kind kind NN 44541 621 30 exists exist VBZ 44541 621 31 no no RB 44541 621 32 longer long RBR 44541 621 33 , , , 44541 621 34 he -PRON- PRP 44541 621 35 invented invent VBD 44541 621 36 the the DT 44541 621 37 famous famous JJ 44541 621 38 doctrine doctrine NN 44541 621 39 of of IN 44541 621 40 successive successive JJ 44541 621 41 cataclysms cataclysm NNS 44541 621 42 . . . 44541 622 1 KARL KARL NNP 44541 622 2 ERNST ERNST NNP 44541 622 3 VON VON NNP 44541 622 4 BAER BAER NNP 44541 622 5 was be VBD 44541 622 6 born bear VBN 44541 622 7 in in IN 44541 622 8 1792 1792 CD 44541 622 9 in in IN 44541 622 10 Esthonia Esthonia NNP 44541 622 11 , , , 44541 622 12 studied study VBD 44541 622 13 at at IN 44541 622 14 Dorpat Dorpat NNP 44541 622 15 and and CC 44541 622 16 then then RB 44541 622 17 at at IN 44541 622 18 Würzburg Würzburg NNP 44541 622 19 , , , 44541 622 20 where where WRB 44541 622 21 Döllinger Döllinger NNP 44541 622 22 introduced introduce VBD 44541 622 23 him -PRON- PRP 44541 622 24 to to IN 44541 622 25 comparative comparative JJ 44541 622 26 anatomy anatomy NN 44541 622 27 . . . 44541 623 1 For for IN 44541 623 2 a a DT 44541 623 3 few few JJ 44541 623 4 years year NNS 44541 623 5 he -PRON- PRP 44541 623 6 was be VBD 44541 623 7 a a DT 44541 623 8 _ _ NNP 44541 623 9 Privat Privat NNP 44541 623 10 - - HYPH 44541 623 11 docent docent JJ 44541 623 12 _ _ NNP 44541 623 13 at at IN 44541 623 14 Berlin Berlin NNP 44541 623 15 ; ; : 44541 623 16 then then RB 44541 623 17 he -PRON- PRP 44541 623 18 went go VBD 44541 623 19 to to IN 44541 623 20 Königsberg Königsberg NNP 44541 623 21 as as IN 44541 623 22 Professor Professor NNP 44541 623 23 of of IN 44541 623 24 Zoology Zoology NNP 44541 623 25 and and CC 44541 623 26 Embryology Embryology NNP 44541 623 27 . . . 44541 624 1 In in IN 44541 624 2 1834 1834 CD 44541 624 3 he -PRON- PRP 44541 624 4 became become VBD 44541 624 5 an an DT 44541 624 6 Academician Academician NNP 44541 624 7 at at IN 44541 624 8 St. St. NNP 44541 624 9 Petersburg Petersburg NNP 44541 624 10 , , , 44541 624 11 where where WRB 44541 624 12 for for IN 44541 624 13 many many JJ 44541 624 14 years year NNS 44541 624 15 he -PRON- PRP 44541 624 16 was be VBD 44541 624 17 occupied occupy VBN 44541 624 18 with with IN 44541 624 19 the the DT 44541 624 20 most most RBS 44541 624 21 varied varied JJ 44541 624 22 studies study NNS 44541 624 23 , , , 44541 624 24 chiefly chiefly RB 44541 624 25 geographical geographical JJ 44541 624 26 and and CC 44541 624 27 ethnological ethnological JJ 44541 624 28 . . . 44541 625 1 The the DT 44541 625 2 last last JJ 44541 625 3 years year NNS 44541 625 4 of of IN 44541 625 5 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 625 6 long long JJ 44541 625 7 , , , 44541 625 8 active active JJ 44541 625 9 life life NN 44541 625 10 he -PRON- PRP 44541 625 11 spent spend VBD 44541 625 12 in in IN 44541 625 13 contemplative contemplative JJ 44541 625 14 retirement retirement NN 44541 625 15 on on IN 44541 625 16 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 625 17 paternal paternal JJ 44541 625 18 estate estate NN 44541 625 19 , , , 44541 625 20 and and CC 44541 625 21 he -PRON- PRP 44541 625 22 died die VBD 44541 625 23 at at IN 44541 625 24 Dorpat Dorpat NNP 44541 625 25 in in IN 44541 625 26 1876 1876 CD 44541 625 27 . . . 44541 626 1 While while IN 44541 626 2 still still RB 44541 626 3 at at IN 44541 626 4 Würzburg Würzburg NNP 44541 626 5 he -PRON- PRP 44541 626 6 induced induce VBD 44541 626 7 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 626 8 friend friend NN 44541 626 9 Pander Pander NNP 44541 626 10 , , , 44541 626 11 a a DT 44541 626 12 young young JJ 44541 626 13 man man NN 44541 626 14 of of IN 44541 626 15 means mean NNS 44541 626 16 , , , 44541 626 17 to to TO 44541 626 18 study study VB 44541 626 19 the the DT 44541 626 20 development development NN 44541 626 21 of of IN 44541 626 22 the the DT 44541 626 23 chick chick NN 44541 626 24 ; ; : 44541 626 25 and and CC 44541 626 26 Pander Pander NNP 44541 626 27 was be VBD 44541 626 28 the the DT 44541 626 29 first first JJ 44541 626 30 to to TO 44541 626 31 start start VB 44541 626 32 the the DT 44541 626 33 theory theory NN 44541 626 34 of of IN 44541 626 35 the the DT 44541 626 36 germinal germinal JJ 44541 626 37 layers layer NNS 44541 626 38 from from IN 44541 626 39 which which WDT 44541 626 40 all all PDT 44541 626 41 the the DT 44541 626 42 organs organ NNS 44541 626 43 arise arise VBP 44541 626 44 . . . 44541 627 1 Baer Baer NNP 44541 627 2 , , , 44541 627 3 however however RB 44541 627 4 , , , 44541 627 5 continued continue VBD 44541 627 6 these these DT 44541 627 7 researches research NNS 44541 627 8 in in IN 44541 627 9 Königsberg Königsberg NNP 44541 627 10 , , , 44541 627 11 and and CC 44541 627 12 after after IN 44541 627 13 nine nine CD 44541 627 14 years year NNS 44541 627 15 ' ' POS 44541 627 16 labour labour NN 44541 627 17 produced produce VBD 44541 627 18 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 627 19 epoch epoch NN 44541 627 20 - - HYPH 44541 627 21 making make VBG 44541 627 22 work work NN 44541 627 23 , , , 44541 627 24 ' ' '' 44541 627 25 Ueber Ueber NNP 44541 627 26 Entwicklungsgeschichte Entwicklungsgeschichte NNP 44541 627 27 der der NN 44541 627 28 Thiere Thiere NNP 44541 627 29 : : : 44541 627 30 Beobachtung Beobachtung NNP 44541 627 31 und und JJ 44541 627 32 Reflexion reflexion NN 44541 627 33 , , , 44541 627 34 ' ' '' 44541 627 35 Königsberg Königsberg NNP 44541 627 36 , , , 44541 627 37 1828 1828 CD 44541 627 38 . . . 44541 628 1 Nine nine CD 44541 628 2 years year NNS 44541 628 3 later later RBR 44541 628 4 he -PRON- PRP 44541 628 5 completed complete VBD 44541 628 6 the the DT 44541 628 7 second second JJ 44541 628 8 volume volume NN 44541 628 9 . . . 44541 629 1 He -PRON- PRP 44541 629 2 established establish VBD 44541 629 3 upon upon IN 44541 629 4 a a DT 44541 629 5 firm firm JJ 44541 629 6 basis basis NN 44541 629 7 the the DT 44541 629 8 theory theory NN 44541 629 9 of of IN 44541 629 10 the the DT 44541 629 11 germinal germinal JJ 44541 629 12 layers layer NNS 44541 629 13 , , , 44541 629 14 and and CC 44541 629 15 by by IN 44541 629 16 further further JJ 44541 629 17 ' ' `` 44541 629 18 reflexions reflexion NNS 44541 629 19 ' ' '' 44541 629 20 arrived arrive VBD 44541 629 21 at at IN 44541 629 22 the the DT 44541 629 23 elucidation elucidation NN 44541 629 24 of of IN 44541 629 25 some some DT 44541 629 26 of of IN 44541 629 27 the the DT 44541 629 28 most most RBS 44541 629 29 fundamental fundamental JJ 44541 629 30 laws law NNS 44541 629 31 of of IN 44541 629 32 biology biology NN 44541 629 33 . . . 44541 630 1 For for IN 44541 630 2 example example NN 44541 630 3 , , , 44541 630 4 in in IN 44541 630 5 the the DT 44541 630 6 first first JJ 44541 630 7 volume volume NN 44541 630 8 he -PRON- PRP 44541 630 9 made make VBD 44541 630 10 the the DT 44541 630 11 following following JJ 44541 630 12 prophetic prophetic JJ 44541 630 13 statement statement NN 44541 630 14 : : : 44541 630 15 ' ' '' 44541 630 16 Perhaps perhaps RB 44541 630 17 all all DT 44541 630 18 animals animal NNS 44541 630 19 are be VBP 44541 630 20 alike alike RB 44541 630 21 , , , 44541 630 22 and and CC 44541 630 23 nothing nothing NN 44541 630 24 but but IN 44541 630 25 hollow hollow JJ 44541 630 26 globes globe NNS 44541 630 27 at at IN 44541 630 28 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 630 29 earliest early JJS 44541 630 30 developmental developmental JJ 44541 630 31 beginning beginning NN 44541 630 32 . . . 44541 631 1 The the DT 44541 631 2 farther farth JJR 44541 631 3 back back RB 44541 631 4 we -PRON- PRP 44541 631 5 trace trace VBP 44541 631 6 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 631 7 development development NN 44541 631 8 , , , 44541 631 9 the the DT 44541 631 10 more more JJR 44541 631 11 resemblance resemblance NN 44541 631 12 we -PRON- PRP 44541 631 13 find find VBP 44541 631 14 in in IN 44541 631 15 the the DT 44541 631 16 most most RBS 44541 631 17 different different JJ 44541 631 18 creatures creature NNS 44541 631 19 . . . 44541 632 1 And and CC 44541 632 2 this this DT 44541 632 3 leads lead VBZ 44541 632 4 to to IN 44541 632 5 the the DT 44541 632 6 question question NN 44541 632 7 whether whether IN 44541 632 8 at at IN 44541 632 9 the the DT 44541 632 10 beginning beginning NN 44541 632 11 of of IN 44541 632 12 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 632 13 development development NN 44541 632 14 all all DT 44541 632 15 animals animal NNS 44541 632 16 are be VBP 44541 632 17 essentially essentially RB 44541 632 18 alike alike RB 44541 632 19 , , , 44541 632 20 and and CC 44541 632 21 referable referable JJ 44541 632 22 to to IN 44541 632 23 one one CD 44541 632 24 common common JJ 44541 632 25 ancestral ancestral JJ 44541 632 26 form form NN 44541 632 27 . . . 44541 633 1 Considering consider VBG 44541 633 2 that that IN 44541 633 3 the the DT 44541 633 4 " " `` 44541 633 5 germ germ NN 44541 633 6 " " '' 44541 633 7 ( ( -LRB- 44541 633 8 which which WDT 44541 633 9 at at IN 44541 633 10 a a DT 44541 633 11 certain certain JJ 44541 633 12 stage stage NN 44541 633 13 appears appear VBZ 44541 633 14 in in IN 44541 633 15 the the DT 44541 633 16 shape shape NN 44541 633 17 of of IN 44541 633 18 a a DT 44541 633 19 hollow hollow JJ 44541 633 20 globe globe NN 44541 633 21 or or CC 44541 633 22 bag bag NN 44541 633 23 ) ) -RRB- 44541 633 24 is be VBZ 44541 633 25 the the DT 44541 633 26 undeveloped undeveloped JJ 44541 633 27 animal animal NN 44541 633 28 itself -PRON- PRP 44541 633 29 , , , 44541 633 30 we -PRON- PRP 44541 633 31 are be VBP 44541 633 32 not not RB 44541 633 33 without without IN 44541 633 34 reason reason NN 44541 633 35 for for IN 44541 633 36 assuming assume VBG 44541 633 37 that that IN 44541 633 38 the the DT 44541 633 39 common common JJ 44541 633 40 fundamental fundamental JJ 44541 633 41 form form NN 44541 633 42 is be VBZ 44541 633 43 that that DT 44541 633 44 of of IN 44541 633 45 a a DT 44541 633 46 simple simple JJ 44541 633 47 vesicle vesicle NN 44541 633 48 , , , 44541 633 49 from from IN 44541 633 50 which which WDT 44541 633 51 every every DT 44541 633 52 animal animal NN 44541 633 53 is be VBZ 44541 633 54 evolved evolve VBN 44541 633 55 , , , 44541 633 56 not not RB 44541 633 57 only only RB 44541 633 58 theoretically theoretically RB 44541 633 59 , , , 44541 633 60 but but CC 44541 633 61 historically historically RB 44541 633 62 . . . 44541 633 63 ' ' '' 44541 634 1 This this DT 44541 634 2 statement statement NN 44541 634 3 is be VBZ 44541 634 4 all all PDT 44541 634 5 the the DT 44541 634 6 more more RBR 44541 634 7 wonderful wonderful JJ 44541 634 8 when when WRB 44541 634 9 we -PRON- PRP 44541 634 10 consider consider VBP 44541 634 11 that that IN 44541 634 12 the the DT 44541 634 13 cells cell NNS 44541 634 14 , , , 44541 634 15 the the DT 44541 634 16 all all RB 44541 634 17 - - HYPH 44541 634 18 composing compose VBG 44541 634 19 individual individual JJ 44541 634 20 units unit NNS 44541 634 21 , , , 44541 634 22 were be VBD 44541 634 23 not not RB 44541 634 24 discovered discover VBN 44541 634 25 until until IN 44541 634 26 ten ten CD 44541 634 27 years year NNS 44541 634 28 later later RB 44541 634 29 . . . 44541 635 1 In in IN 44541 635 2 1829 1829 CD 44541 635 3 Baer Baer NNP 44541 635 4 discovered discover VBD 44541 635 5 the the DT 44541 635 6 human human JJ 44541 635 7 egg egg NN 44541 635 8 , , , 44541 635 9 and and CC 44541 635 10 later later RB 44541 635 11 the the DT 44541 635 12 chorda chorda NN 44541 635 13 dorsalis dorsalis NNP 44541 635 14 . . . 44541 636 1 In in IN 44541 636 2 an an DT 44541 636 3 address address NN 44541 636 4 delivered deliver VBN 44541 636 5 in in IN 44541 636 6 1834 1834 CD 44541 636 7 , , , 44541 636 8 entitled entitle VBN 44541 636 9 ' ' '' 44541 636 10 The the DT 44541 636 11 Most Most NNP 44541 636 12 Universal Universal NNP 44541 636 13 Law Law NNP 44541 636 14 of of IN 44541 636 15 Nature Nature NNP 44541 636 16 in in IN 44541 636 17 all all DT 44541 636 18 Development development NN 44541 636 19 , , , 44541 636 20 ' ' '' 44541 636 21 he -PRON- PRP 44541 636 22 explained explain VBD 44541 636 23 that that IN 44541 636 24 only only RB 44541 636 25 from from IN 44541 636 26 a a DT 44541 636 27 most most RBS 44541 636 28 superficial superficial JJ 44541 636 29 point point NN 44541 636 30 of of IN 44541 636 31 view view NN 44541 636 32 can can MD 44541 636 33 the the DT 44541 636 34 various various JJ 44541 636 35 species specie NNS 44541 636 36 be be VB 44541 636 37 looked look VBN 44541 636 38 upon upon IN 44541 636 39 as as RB 44541 636 40 permanent permanent JJ 44541 636 41 and and CC 44541 636 42 immutable immutable JJ 44541 636 43 types type NNS 44541 636 44 ; ; : 44541 636 45 that that IN 44541 636 46 , , , 44541 636 47 on on IN 44541 636 48 the the DT 44541 636 49 contrary contrary NN 44541 636 50 , , , 44541 636 51 they -PRON- PRP 44541 636 52 can can MD 44541 636 53 be be VB 44541 636 54 nothing nothing NN 44541 636 55 but but IN 44541 636 56 passing pass VBG 44541 636 57 stages stage NNS 44541 636 58 , , , 44541 636 59 or or CC 44541 636 60 series series NN 44541 636 61 of of IN 44541 636 62 stages stage NNS 44541 636 63 , , , 44541 636 64 of of IN 44541 636 65 development development NN 44541 636 66 , , , 44541 636 67 which which WDT 44541 636 68 have have VBP 44541 636 69 been be VBN 44541 636 70 evolved evolve VBN 44541 636 71 by by IN 44541 636 72 transformation transformation NN 44541 636 73 out out IN 44541 636 74 of of IN 44541 636 75 common common JJ 44541 636 76 ancestral ancestral JJ 44541 636 77 forms form NNS 44541 636 78 . . . 44541 637 1 JOHANNES JOHANNES NNP 44541 637 2 MUELLER MUELLER NNP 44541 637 3 , , , 44541 637 4 born bear VBN 44541 637 5 at at IN 44541 637 6 Coblenz Coblenz NNP 44541 637 7 in in IN 44541 637 8 1801 1801 CD 44541 637 9 , , , 44541 637 10 established establish VBD 44541 637 11 himself -PRON- PRP 44541 637 12 as as IN 44541 637 13 _ _ NNP 44541 637 14 Privat Privat NNP 44541 637 15 - - HYPH 44541 637 16 docent docent JJ 44541 637 17 _ _ NNP 44541 637 18 at at IN 44541 637 19 Bonn Bonn NNP 44541 637 20 , , , 44541 637 21 where where WRB 44541 637 22 in in IN 44541 637 23 1830 1830 CD 44541 637 24 he -PRON- PRP 44541 637 25 became become VBD 44541 637 26 Professor Professor NNP 44541 637 27 of of IN 44541 637 28 Physiology Physiology NNP 44541 637 29 . . . 44541 638 1 In in IN 44541 638 2 1833 1833 CD 44541 638 3 he -PRON- PRP 44541 638 4 accepted accept VBD 44541 638 5 the the DT 44541 638 6 Chair Chair NNP 44541 638 7 of of IN 44541 638 8 Anatomy Anatomy NNP 44541 638 9 and and CC 44541 638 10 Physiology Physiology NNP 44541 638 11 at at IN 44541 638 12 Berlin Berlin NNP 44541 638 13 , , , 44541 638 14 where where WRB 44541 638 15 he -PRON- PRP 44541 638 16 died die VBD 44541 638 17 in in IN 44541 638 18 1858 1858 CD 44541 638 19 . . . 44541 639 1 He -PRON- PRP 44541 639 2 was be VBD 44541 639 3 one one CD 44541 639 4 of of IN 44541 639 5 the the DT 44541 639 6 most most RBS 44541 639 7 distinguished distinguished JJ 44541 639 8 physiologists physiologist NNS 44541 639 9 and and CC 44541 639 10 comparative comparative JJ 44541 639 11 anatomists anatomist NNS 44541 639 12 . . . 44541 640 1 By by IN 44541 640 2 summarizing summarize VBG 44541 640 3 the the DT 44541 640 4 labours labour NNS 44541 640 5 and and CC 44541 640 6 discoveries discovery NNS 44541 640 7 already already RB 44541 640 8 made make VBN 44541 640 9 in in IN 44541 640 10 the the DT 44541 640 11 field field NN 44541 640 12 of of IN 44541 640 13 physiology physiology NN 44541 640 14 , , , 44541 640 15 by by IN 44541 640 16 reducing reduce VBG 44541 640 17 them -PRON- PRP 44541 640 18 to to TO 44541 640 19 order order VB 44541 640 20 , , , 44541 640 21 and and CC 44541 640 22 abstracting abstract VBG 44541 640 23 the the DT 44541 640 24 general general JJ 44541 640 25 principles principle NNS 44541 640 26 , , , 44541 640 27 he -PRON- PRP 44541 640 28 became become VBD 44541 640 29 the the DT 44541 640 30 founder founder NN 44541 640 31 of of IN 44541 640 32 modern modern JJ 44541 640 33 physiology physiology NN 44541 640 34 . . . 44541 641 1 But but CC 44541 641 2 he -PRON- PRP 44541 641 3 was be VBD 44541 641 4 scarcely scarcely RB 44541 641 5 less less RBR 44541 641 6 distinguished distinguish VBN 44541 641 7 by by IN 44541 641 8 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 641 9 researches research NNS 44541 641 10 in in IN 44541 641 11 comparative comparative JJ 44541 641 12 anatomy anatomy NN 44541 641 13 . . . 44541 642 1 His -PRON- PRP$ 44541 642 2 ' ' `` 44541 642 3 Vergleichende Vergleichende NNP 44541 642 4 Anatomie Anatomie NNP 44541 642 5 der der VBP 44541 642 6 Myxinoiden Myxinoiden NNP 44541 642 7 , , , 44541 642 8 ' ' '' 44541 642 9 in in IN 44541 642 10 _ _ NNP 44541 642 11 Abhandlungen Abhandlungen NNP 44541 642 12 der der NN 44541 642 13 Berliner Berliner NNP 44541 642 14 Akademie Akademie NNP 44541 642 15 _ _ NNP 44541 642 16 , , , 44541 642 17 1835 1835 CD 44541 642 18 - - SYM 44541 642 19 45 45 CD 44541 642 20 , , , 44541 642 21 and and CC 44541 642 22 ' ' `` 44541 642 23 Ueber Ueber NNP 44541 642 24 die die VBP 44541 642 25 Grenzen Grenzen NNP 44541 642 26 der der NN 44541 642 27 Ganoiden Ganoiden NNP 44541 642 28 ' ' '' 44541 642 29 ( ( -LRB- 44541 642 30 _ _ NNP 44541 642 31 ibid ibid NN 44541 642 32 . . . 44541 642 33 _ _ NNP 44541 642 34 , , , 44541 642 35 1846 1846 CD 44541 642 36 ) ) -RRB- 44541 642 37 , , , 44541 642 38 are be VBP 44541 642 39 standard standard JJ 44541 642 40 works work NNS 44541 642 41 of of IN 44541 642 42 lasting last VBG 44541 642 43 value value NN 44541 642 44 . . . 44541 643 1 Mueller Mueller NNP 44541 643 2 exercised exercise VBD 44541 643 3 a a DT 44541 643 4 stimulative stimulative JJ 44541 643 5 influence influence NN 44541 643 6 as as IN 44541 643 7 a a DT 44541 643 8 teacher teacher NN 44541 643 9 . . . 44541 644 1 Many many JJ 44541 644 2 well well RB 44541 644 3 - - HYPH 44541 644 4 known know VBN 44541 644 5 men man NNS 44541 644 6 -- -- : 44541 644 7 such such JJ 44541 644 8 as as IN 44541 644 9 Helmholtz Helmholtz NNP 44541 644 10 , , , 44541 644 11 Gegenbaur Gegenbaur NNP 44541 644 12 , , , 44541 644 13 Bruecke Bruecke NNP 44541 644 14 the the DT 44541 644 15 physiologist physiologist NN 44541 644 16 , , , 44541 644 17 Guenther Guenther NNP 44541 644 18 the the DT 44541 644 19 zoologist zoologist NN 44541 644 20 , , , 44541 644 21 Virchow Virchow NNP 44541 644 22 the the DT 44541 644 23 pathologist pathologist NN 44541 644 24 , , , 44541 644 25 Koelliker Koelliker NNP 44541 644 26 and and CC 44541 644 27 Haeckel Haeckel NNP 44541 644 28 -- -- : 44541 644 29 have have VBP 44541 644 30 been be VBN 44541 644 31 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 644 32 pupils pupil NNS 44541 644 33 . . . 44541 645 1 RUDOLPH rudolph NN 44541 645 2 VIRCHOW VIRCHOW NNP 44541 645 3 was be VBD 44541 645 4 born bear VBN 44541 645 5 in in IN 44541 645 6 1821 1821 CD 44541 645 7 at at IN 44541 645 8 Schievelbein Schievelbein NNP 44541 645 9 , , , 44541 645 10 a a DT 44541 645 11 small small JJ 44541 645 12 town town NN 44541 645 13 in in IN 44541 645 14 Eastern Eastern NNP 44541 645 15 Pomerania Pomerania NNP 44541 645 16 . . . 44541 646 1 He -PRON- PRP 44541 646 2 studied study VBD 44541 646 3 medicine medicine NN 44541 646 4 in in IN 44541 646 5 Berlin Berlin NNP 44541 646 6 as as IN 44541 646 7 a a DT 44541 646 8 pupil pupil NN 44541 646 9 of of IN 44541 646 10 Johannes Johannes NNP 44541 646 11 Mueller Mueller NNP 44541 646 12 , , , 44541 646 13 and and CC 44541 646 14 went go VBD 44541 646 15 in in IN 44541 646 16 1849 1849 CD 44541 646 17 to to IN 44541 646 18 Würzburg Würzburg NNP 44541 646 19 , , , 44541 646 20 where where WRB 44541 646 21 , , , 44541 646 22 under under IN 44541 646 23 the the DT 44541 646 24 influence influence NN 44541 646 25 of of IN 44541 646 26 Koelliker Koelliker NNP 44541 646 27 , , , 44541 646 28 and and CC 44541 646 29 Leydig Leydig NNP 44541 646 30 the the DT 44541 646 31 pathologist pathologist NN 44541 646 32 , , , 44541 646 33 he -PRON- PRP 44541 646 34 laid lay VBD 44541 646 35 the the DT 44541 646 36 foundation foundation NN 44541 646 37 of of IN 44541 646 38 an an DT 44541 646 39 entirely entirely RB 44541 646 40 new new JJ 44541 646 41 branch branch NN 44541 646 42 of of IN 44541 646 43 medical medical JJ 44541 646 44 science science NN 44541 646 45 -- -- : 44541 646 46 that that DT 44541 646 47 of of IN 44541 646 48 ' ' `` 44541 646 49 cellular cellular JJ 44541 646 50 pathology pathology NN 44541 646 51 . . . 44541 646 52 ' ' '' 44541 647 1 Since since IN 44541 647 2 1856 1856 CD 44541 647 3 he -PRON- PRP 44541 647 4 has have VBZ 44541 647 5 filled fill VBN 44541 647 6 the the DT 44541 647 7 principal principal JJ 44541 647 8 Chair Chair NNP 44541 647 9 of of IN 44541 647 10 Pathology Pathology NNP 44541 647 11 at at IN 44541 647 12 Berlin Berlin NNP 44541 647 13 . . . 44541 648 1 In in IN 44541 648 2 1892 1892 CD 44541 648 3 he -PRON- PRP 44541 648 4 received receive VBD 44541 648 5 the the DT 44541 648 6 Copley Copley NNP 44541 648 7 medal medal NN 44541 648 8 of of IN 44541 648 9 the the DT 44541 648 10 Royal Royal NNP 44541 648 11 Society Society NNP 44541 648 12 . . . 44541 649 1 ' ' `` 44541 649 2 His -PRON- PRP$ 44541 649 3 contributions contribution NNS 44541 649 4 to to IN 44541 649 5 the the DT 44541 649 6 study study NN 44541 649 7 of of IN 44541 649 8 morbid morbid NN 44541 649 9 anatomy anatomy NN 44541 649 10 have have VBP 44541 649 11 thrown throw VBN 44541 649 12 light light NN 44541 649 13 upon upon IN 44541 649 14 the the DT 44541 649 15 diseases disease NNS 44541 649 16 of of IN 44541 649 17 every every DT 44541 649 18 part part NN 44541 649 19 of of IN 44541 649 20 the the DT 44541 649 21 body body NN 44541 649 22 ; ; : 44541 649 23 but but CC 44541 649 24 the the DT 44541 649 25 broad broad JJ 44541 649 26 and and CC 44541 649 27 philosophical philosophical JJ 44541 649 28 view view NN 44541 649 29 he -PRON- PRP 44541 649 30 has have VBZ 44541 649 31 taken take VBN 44541 649 32 of of IN 44541 649 33 the the DT 44541 649 34 processes process NNS 44541 649 35 of of IN 44541 649 36 pathology pathology NN 44541 649 37 has have VBZ 44541 649 38 done do VBN 44541 649 39 more more JJR 44541 649 40 than than IN 44541 649 41 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 649 42 most most RBS 44541 649 43 brilliant brilliant JJ 44541 649 44 observations observation NNS 44541 649 45 to to TO 44541 649 46 make make VB 44541 649 47 the the DT 44541 649 48 science science NN 44541 649 49 of of IN 44541 649 50 disease disease NN 44541 649 51 . . . 44541 650 1 ' ' `` 44541 650 2 In in IN 44541 650 3 pathology pathology NN 44541 650 4 , , , 44541 650 5 strictly strictly RB 44541 650 6 so so RB 44541 650 7 called call VBN 44541 650 8 , , , 44541 650 9 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 650 10 two two CD 44541 650 11 great great JJ 44541 650 12 achievements achievement NNS 44541 650 13 -- -- : 44541 650 14 the the DT 44541 650 15 detection detection NN 44541 650 16 of of IN 44541 650 17 the the DT 44541 650 18 cellular cellular JJ 44541 650 19 activity activity NN 44541 650 20 which which WDT 44541 650 21 lies lie VBZ 44541 650 22 at at IN 44541 650 23 the the DT 44541 650 24 bottom bottom NN 44541 650 25 of of IN 44541 650 26 all all DT 44541 650 27 morbid morbid NN 44541 650 28 as as RB 44541 650 29 well well RB 44541 650 30 as as IN 44541 650 31 normal normal JJ 44541 650 32 physiological physiological JJ 44541 650 33 processes process NNS 44541 650 34 , , , 44541 650 35 and and CC 44541 650 36 the the DT 44541 650 37 classification classification NN 44541 650 38 of of IN 44541 650 39 the the DT 44541 650 40 important important JJ 44541 650 41 group group NN 44541 650 42 of of IN 44541 650 43 new new JJ 44541 650 44 growths growth NNS 44541 650 45 on on IN 44541 650 46 a a DT 44541 650 47 natural natural JJ 44541 650 48 histological histological JJ 44541 650 49 basis basis NN 44541 650 50 -- -- : 44541 650 51 have have VB 44541 650 52 each each DT 44541 650 53 of of IN 44541 650 54 them -PRON- PRP 44541 650 55 not not RB 44541 650 56 only only RB 44541 650 57 made make VBD 44541 650 58 an an DT 44541 650 59 epoch epoch NN 44541 650 60 in in IN 44541 650 61 medicine medicine NN 44541 650 62 , , , 44541 650 63 but but CC 44541 650 64 have have VBP 44541 650 65 also also RB 44541 650 66 been be VBN 44541 650 67 the the DT 44541 650 68 occasion occasion NN 44541 650 69 of of IN 44541 650 70 fresh fresh JJ 44541 650 71 extension extension NN 44541 650 72 of of IN 44541 650 73 science science NN 44541 650 74 by by IN 44541 650 75 other other JJ 44541 650 76 labourers labourer NNS 44541 650 77 ' ' POS 44541 650 78 ( ( -LRB- 44541 650 79 Proc Proc NNP 44541 650 80 . . . 44541 651 1 Royal Royal NNP 44541 651 2 Soc Soc NNP 44541 651 3 . . NNP 44541 651 4 , , , 44541 651 5 1892 1892 CD 44541 651 6 ) ) -RRB- 44541 651 7 . . . 44541 652 1 Virchow Virchow NNP 44541 652 2 has have VBZ 44541 652 3 not not RB 44541 652 4 confined confine VBN 44541 652 5 himself -PRON- PRP 44541 652 6 to to IN 44541 652 7 medicine medicine NN 44541 652 8 . . . 44541 653 1 He -PRON- PRP 44541 653 2 takes take VBZ 44541 653 3 the the DT 44541 653 4 keenest keen JJS 44541 653 5 interest interest NN 44541 653 6 in in IN 44541 653 7 anthropology anthropology NN 44541 653 8 and and CC 44541 653 9 ethnology ethnology NN 44541 653 10 , , , 44541 653 11 on on IN 44541 653 12 which which WDT 44541 653 13 subjects subject NNS 44541 653 14 he -PRON- PRP 44541 653 15 has have VBZ 44541 653 16 contributed contribute VBN 44541 653 17 many many JJ 44541 653 18 papers paper NNS 44541 653 19 . . . 44541 654 1 Together together RB 44541 654 2 with with IN 44541 654 3 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 654 4 colleagues colleague NNS 44541 654 5 Helmholtz Helmholtz NNP 44541 654 6 the the DT 44541 654 7 physicist physicist NN 44541 654 8 , , , 44541 654 9 and and CC 44541 654 10 Du Du NNP 44541 654 11 Bois Bois NNP 44541 654 12 Reymond Reymond NNP 44541 654 13 the the DT 44541 654 14 physiologist physiologist NN 44541 654 15 , , , 44541 654 16 he -PRON- PRP 44541 654 17 has have VBZ 44541 654 18 taken take VBN 44541 654 19 a a DT 44541 654 20 leading leading JJ 44541 654 21 place place NN 44541 654 22 in in IN 44541 654 23 the the DT 44541 654 24 spreading spreading NN 44541 654 25 of of IN 44541 654 26 natural natural JJ 44541 654 27 science science NN 44541 654 28 ; ; : 44541 654 29 but but CC 44541 654 30 , , , 44541 654 31 unfortunately unfortunately RB 44541 654 32 , , , 44541 654 33 he -PRON- PRP 44541 654 34 did do VBD 44541 654 35 not not RB 44541 654 36 take take VB 44541 654 37 to to IN 44541 654 38 the the DT 44541 654 39 doctrine doctrine NN 44541 654 40 of of IN 44541 654 41 Evolution Evolution NNP 44541 654 42 , , , 44541 654 43 and and CC 44541 654 44 for for IN 44541 654 45 the the DT 44541 654 46 last last JJ 44541 654 47 thirty thirty CD 44541 654 48 years year NNS 44541 654 49 has have VBZ 44541 654 50 been be VBN 44541 654 51 its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 654 52 declared declare VBN 44541 654 53 antagonist antagonist NN 44541 654 54 , , , 44541 654 55 rarely rarely RB 44541 654 56 missing miss VBG 44541 654 57 an an DT 44541 654 58 opportunity opportunity NN 44541 654 59 of of IN 44541 654 60 denouncing denounce VBG 44541 654 61 everything everything NN 44541 654 62 but but CC 44541 654 63 descriptive descriptive JJ 44541 654 64 anatomy anatomy NN 44541 654 65 and and CC 44541 654 66 zoology zoology NN 44541 654 67 as as IN 44541 654 68 the the DT 44541 654 69 unsound unsound JJ 44541 654 70 speculations speculation NNS 44541 654 71 of of IN 44541 654 72 dreamers dreamer NNS 44541 654 73 . . . 44541 655 1 This this DT 44541 655 2 has have VBZ 44541 655 3 on on IN 44541 655 4 more more JJR 44541 655 5 than than IN 44541 655 6 one one CD 44541 655 7 occasion occasion NN 44541 655 8 brought bring VBD 44541 655 9 him -PRON- PRP 44541 655 10 into into IN 44541 655 11 sharp sharp JJ 44541 655 12 conflict conflict NN 44541 655 13 with with IN 44541 655 14 Haeckel Haeckel NNP 44541 655 15 . . . 44541 656 1 His -PRON- PRP$ 44541 656 2 activity activity NN 44541 656 3 is be VBZ 44541 656 4 astonishing astonishing JJ 44541 656 5 , , , 44541 656 6 especially especially RB 44541 656 7 if if IN 44541 656 8 it -PRON- PRP 44541 656 9 be be VB 44541 656 10 remembered remember VBN 44541 656 11 that that IN 44541 656 12 Virchow Virchow NNP 44541 656 13 has have VBZ 44541 656 14 for for IN 44541 656 15 many many JJ 44541 656 16 years year NNS 44541 656 17 been be VBN 44541 656 18 one one CD 44541 656 19 of of IN 44541 656 20 the the DT 44541 656 21 most most RBS 44541 656 22 conspicuous conspicuous JJ 44541 656 23 leaders leader NNS 44541 656 24 of of IN 44541 656 25 the the DT 44541 656 26 Progressists Progressists NNPS 44541 656 27 and and CC 44541 656 28 Radicals Radicals NNPS 44541 656 29 in in IN 44541 656 30 the the DT 44541 656 31 German german JJ 44541 656 32 Parliament Parliament NNP 44541 656 33 and and CC 44541 656 34 Berlin Berlin NNP 44541 656 35 town town NN 44541 656 36 - - HYPH 44541 656 37 council council NNP 44541 656 38 . . . 44541 657 1 EDWARD EDWARD NNP 44541 657 2 DRINKER drinker IN 44541 657 3 COPE COPE NNP 44541 657 4 was be VBD 44541 657 5 born bear VBN 44541 657 6 at at IN 44541 657 7 Philadelphia Philadelphia NNP 44541 657 8 , , , 44541 657 9 Pa. Pennsylvania NNP 44541 657 10 After after IN 44541 657 11 studying study VBG 44541 657 12 at at IN 44541 657 13 several several JJ 44541 657 14 Continental Continental NNP 44541 657 15 Universities Universities NNPS 44541 657 16 , , , 44541 657 17 especially especially RB 44541 657 18 at at IN 44541 657 19 Heidelberg Heidelberg NNP 44541 657 20 , , , 44541 657 21 he -PRON- PRP 44541 657 22 became become VBD 44541 657 23 first first JJ 44541 657 24 Professor Professor NNP 44541 657 25 of of IN 44541 657 26 Natural Natural NNP 44541 657 27 Science Science NNP 44541 657 28 at at IN 44541 657 29 Haverford Haverford NNP 44541 657 30 College College NNP 44541 657 31 , , , 44541 657 32 and and CC 44541 657 33 later later RB 44541 657 34 Professor Professor NNP 44541 657 35 of of IN 44541 657 36 Geology Geology NNP 44541 657 37 and and CC 44541 657 38 Mineralogy Mineralogy NNP 44541 657 39 . . . 44541 658 1 He -PRON- PRP 44541 658 2 died die VBD 44541 658 3 at at IN 44541 658 4 an an DT 44541 658 5 early early JJ 44541 658 6 age age NN 44541 658 7 in in IN 44541 658 8 1897 1897 CD 44541 658 9 . . . 44541 659 1 As as IN 44541 659 2 a a DT 44541 659 3 member member NN 44541 659 4 of of IN 44541 659 5 various various JJ 44541 659 6 geological geological JJ 44541 659 7 expeditions expedition NNS 44541 659 8 and and CC 44541 659 9 other other JJ 44541 659 10 surveys survey NNS 44541 659 11 , , , 44541 659 12 he -PRON- PRP 44541 659 13 explored explore VBD 44541 659 14 chiefly chiefly RB 44541 659 15 Kansas Kansas NNP 44541 659 16 , , , 44541 659 17 Wyoming Wyoming NNP 44541 659 18 , , , 44541 659 19 and and CC 44541 659 20 Colorado Colorado NNP 44541 659 21 ; ; : 44541 659 22 and and CC 44541 659 23 he -PRON- PRP 44541 659 24 published publish VBD 44541 659 25 many many JJ 44541 659 26 most most RBS 44541 659 27 suggestive suggestive JJ 44541 659 28 papers paper NNS 44541 659 29 on on IN 44541 659 30 the the DT 44541 659 31 fossil fossil JJ 44541 659 32 vertebrate vertebrate NN 44541 659 33 fauna fauna NNS 44541 659 34 of of IN 44541 659 35 North North NNP 44541 659 36 America America NNP 44541 659 37 , , , 44541 659 38 and and CC 44541 659 39 on on IN 44541 659 40 classification classification NN 44541 659 41 especially especially RB 44541 659 42 of of IN 44541 659 43 Amphibia Amphibia NNP 44541 659 44 and and CC 44541 659 45 Reptiles Reptiles NNP 44541 659 46 . . . 44541 660 1 Among among IN 44541 660 2 works work NNS 44541 660 3 of of IN 44541 660 4 a a DT 44541 660 5 more more RBR 44541 660 6 general general JJ 44541 660 7 philosophical philosophical JJ 44541 660 8 scope scope NN 44541 660 9 may may MD 44541 660 10 be be VB 44541 660 11 mentioned mention VBN 44541 660 12 ' ' '' 44541 660 13 The the DT 44541 660 14 Origin Origin NNP 44541 660 15 of of IN 44541 660 16 the the DT 44541 660 17 Fittest Fittest NNP 44541 660 18 , , , 44541 660 19 ' ' '' 44541 660 20 1887 1887 CD 44541 660 21 , , , 44541 660 22 and and CC 44541 660 23 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 660 24 latest late JJS 44541 660 25 work work NN 44541 660 26 , , , 44541 660 27 ' ' '' 44541 660 28 The the DT 44541 660 29 Primary Primary NNP 44541 660 30 Factors Factors NNPS 44541 660 31 of of IN 44541 660 32 Organic Organic NNP 44541 660 33 Evolution Evolution NNP 44541 660 34 , , , 44541 660 35 ' ' '' 44541 660 36 1896 1896 CD 44541 660 37 . . . 44541 661 1 ALBERT ALBERT NNP 44541 661 2 VON VON NNP 44541 661 3 KOELLIKER KOELLIKER NNP 44541 661 4 , , , 44541 661 5 born bear VBN 44541 661 6 in in IN 44541 661 7 1817 1817 CD 44541 661 8 , , , 44541 661 9 became become VBD 44541 661 10 Professor Professor NNP 44541 661 11 of of IN 44541 661 12 Anatomy Anatomy NNP 44541 661 13 at at IN 44541 661 14 Würzburg Würzburg NNP 44541 661 15 . . . 44541 662 1 His -PRON- PRP$ 44541 662 2 earlier early JJR 44541 662 3 studies study NNS 44541 662 4 and and CC 44541 662 5 discoveries discovery NNS 44541 662 6 contributed contribute VBD 44541 662 7 considerably considerably RB 44541 662 8 to to IN 44541 662 9 the the DT 44541 662 10 systematic systematic JJ 44541 662 11 development development NN 44541 662 12 of of IN 44541 662 13 the the DT 44541 662 14 cell cell NN 44541 662 15 theory theory NN 44541 662 16 . . . 44541 663 1 In in IN 44541 663 2 1844 1844 CD 44541 663 3 he -PRON- PRP 44541 663 4 observed observe VBD 44541 663 5 the the DT 44541 663 6 division division NN 44541 663 7 and and CC 44541 663 8 further further JJ 44541 663 9 multiplication multiplication NN 44541 663 10 of of IN 44541 663 11 the the DT 44541 663 12 original original JJ 44541 663 13 egg egg NN 44541 663 14 cell cell NN 44541 663 15 . . . 44541 664 1 Next next JJ 44541 664 2 year year NN 44541 664 3 he -PRON- PRP 44541 664 4 showed show VBD 44541 664 5 the the DT 44541 664 6 continuity continuity NN 44541 664 7 between between IN 44541 664 8 nerve nerve NN 44541 664 9 cells cell NNS 44541 664 10 and and CC 44541 664 11 nerve nerve NN 44541 664 12 fibres fibre NNS 44541 664 13 in in IN 44541 664 14 the the DT 44541 664 15 Vertebrata Vertebrata NNP 44541 664 16 ; ; : 44541 664 17 later later RB 44541 664 18 , , , 44541 664 19 that that IN 44541 664 20 the the DT 44541 664 21 non non JJ 44541 664 22 - - JJ 44541 664 23 striped striped JJ 44541 664 24 or or CC 44541 664 25 smooth smooth JJ 44541 664 26 muscular muscular JJ 44541 664 27 tissue tissue NN 44541 664 28 is be VBZ 44541 664 29 composed compose VBN 44541 664 30 of of IN 44541 664 31 cellular cellular JJ 44541 664 32 elements element NNS 44541 664 33 . . . 44541 665 1 He -PRON- PRP 44541 665 2 demonstrated demonstrate VBD 44541 665 3 that that IN 44541 665 4 the the DT 44541 665 5 Gregarinæ Gregarinæ NNPS 44541 665 6 are be VBP 44541 665 7 unicellular unicellular JJ 44541 665 8 creatures creature NNS 44541 665 9 . . . 44541 666 1 In in IN 44541 666 2 1852 1852 CD 44541 666 3 he -PRON- PRP 44541 666 4 went go VBD 44541 666 5 with with IN 44541 666 6 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 666 7 younger young JJR 44541 666 8 friend friend NN 44541 666 9 Gegenbaur Gegenbaur NNP 44541 666 10 to to IN 44541 666 11 Messina Messina NNP 44541 666 12 , , , 44541 666 13 where where WRB 44541 666 14 he -PRON- PRP 44541 666 15 studied study VBD 44541 666 16 especially especially RB 44541 666 17 the the DT 44541 666 18 development development NN 44541 666 19 of of IN 44541 666 20 the the DT 44541 666 21 Cephalopoda Cephalopoda NNP 44541 666 22 ( ( -LRB- 44541 666 23 cuttlefishes cuttlefish NNS 44541 666 24 and and CC 44541 666 25 allies ally NNS 44541 666 26 ) ) -RRB- 44541 666 27 ; ; : 44541 666 28 and and CC 44541 666 29 he -PRON- PRP 44541 666 30 produced produce VBD 44541 666 31 a a DT 44541 666 32 magnificent magnificent JJ 44541 666 33 work work NN 44541 666 34 on on IN 44541 666 35 Alcyonaria Alcyonaria NNP 44541 666 36 , , , 44541 666 37 Medusæ Medusæ NNP 44541 666 38 , , , 44541 666 39 and and CC 44541 666 40 other other JJ 44541 666 41 allied ally VBN 44541 666 42 forms form NNS 44541 666 43 . . . 44541 667 1 He -PRON- PRP 44541 667 2 elucidated elucidate VBD 44541 667 3 the the DT 44541 667 4 development development NN 44541 667 5 of of IN 44541 667 6 the the DT 44541 667 7 vertebral vertebral JJ 44541 667 8 column column NN 44541 667 9 , , , 44541 667 10 especially especially RB 44541 667 11 with with IN 44541 667 12 reference reference NN 44541 667 13 to to IN 44541 667 14 the the DT 44541 667 15 notochord notochord NN 44541 667 16 . . . 44541 668 1 In in IN 44541 668 2 1848 1848 CD 44541 668 3 he -PRON- PRP 44541 668 4 founded found VBD 44541 668 5 , , , 44541 668 6 together together RB 44541 668 7 with with IN 44541 668 8 Th Th NNP 44541 668 9 . . . 44541 669 1 von von NNP 44541 669 2 Siebold Siebold NNP 44541 669 3 , , , 44541 669 4 the the DT 44541 669 5 famous famous JJ 44541 669 6 _ _ NNP 44541 669 7 Zeitschrift Zeitschrift NNP 44541 669 8 für für NN 44541 669 9 wissenschaftliche wissenschaftliche IN 44541 669 10 Zoologie Zoologie NNP 44541 669 11 _ _ NNP 44541 669 12 . . . 44541 670 1 A a DT 44541 670 2 standard standard JJ 44541 670 3 work work NN 44541 670 4 on on IN 44541 670 5 mammalian mammalian JJ 44541 670 6 embryology embryology NN 44541 670 7 is be VBZ 44541 670 8 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 670 9 ' ' '' 44541 670 10 Entwicklungsgeschichte Entwicklungsgeschichte NNP 44541 670 11 des des FW 44541 670 12 Menschen Menschen NNP 44541 670 13 und und RB 44541 670 14 der der NN 44541 670 15 höheren höheren NNP 44541 670 16 Thiere Thiere NNP 44541 670 17 , , , 44541 670 18 ' ' '' 44541 670 19 a a DT 44541 670 20 text text NN 44541 670 21 - - HYPH 44541 670 22 book book NN 44541 670 23 of of IN 44541 670 24 which which WDT 44541 670 25 the the DT 44541 670 26 second second JJ 44541 670 27 edition edition NN 44541 670 28 appeared appear VBD 44541 670 29 in in IN 44541 670 30 1879 1879 CD 44541 670 31 . . . 44541 671 1 At at IN 44541 671 2 the the DT 44541 671 3 anniversary anniversary NN 44541 671 4 meeting meeting NN 44541 671 5 of of IN 44541 671 6 1897 1897 CD 44541 671 7 he -PRON- PRP 44541 671 8 received receive VBD 44541 671 9 the the DT 44541 671 10 Copley Copley NNP 44541 671 11 medal medal NN 44541 671 12 , , , 44541 671 13 the the DT 44541 671 14 highest high JJS 44541 671 15 honour honour NN 44541 671 16 which which WDT 44541 671 17 the the DT 44541 671 18 Royal Royal NNP 44541 671 19 Society Society NNP 44541 671 20 can can MD 44541 671 21 bestow bestow VB 44541 671 22 . . . 44541 672 1 CARL CARL NNP 44541 672 2 GEGENBAUR GEGENBAUR NNP 44541 672 3 was be VBD 44541 672 4 born bear VBN 44541 672 5 on on IN 44541 672 6 August August NNP 44541 672 7 21 21 CD 44541 672 8 , , , 44541 672 9 1826 1826 CD 44541 672 10 , , , 44541 672 11 in in IN 44541 672 12 Bavaria Bavaria NNP 44541 672 13 . . . 44541 673 1 He -PRON- PRP 44541 673 2 studied study VBD 44541 673 3 medicine medicine NN 44541 673 4 and and CC 44541 673 5 kindred kindred JJ 44541 673 6 subjects subject NNS 44541 673 7 in in IN 44541 673 8 Würzburg Würzburg NNP 44541 673 9 , , , 44541 673 10 and and CC 44541 673 11 as as IN 44541 673 12 a a DT 44541 673 13 pupil pupil NN 44541 673 14 of of IN 44541 673 15 Johannes Johannes NNP 44541 673 16 Mueller Mueller NNP 44541 673 17 in in IN 44541 673 18 Berlin Berlin NNP 44541 673 19 . . . 44541 674 1 In in IN 44541 674 2 1852 1852 CD 44541 674 3 he -PRON- PRP 44541 674 4 went go VBD 44541 674 5 with with IN 44541 674 6 Koelliker Koelliker NNP 44541 674 7 to to IN 44541 674 8 Messina Messina NNP 44541 674 9 to to TO 44541 674 10 study study VB 44541 674 11 the the DT 44541 674 12 structure structure NN 44541 674 13 and and CC 44541 674 14 development development NN 44541 674 15 of of IN 44541 674 16 the the DT 44541 674 17 marine marine JJ 44541 674 18 fauna fauna NNS 44541 674 19 . . . 44541 675 1 Important important JJ 44541 675 2 papers paper NNS 44541 675 3 on on IN 44541 675 4 Siphonophora Siphonophora NNP 44541 675 5 , , , 44541 675 6 Echinoderms Echinoderms NNPS 44541 675 7 , , , 44541 675 8 Pteropoda Pteropoda NNP 44541 675 9 , , , 44541 675 10 and and CC 44541 675 11 , , , 44541 675 12 later later RB 44541 675 13 , , , 44541 675 14 Hydrozoa Hydrozoa NNP 44541 675 15 and and CC 44541 675 16 Mollusca Mollusca NNP 44541 675 17 , , , 44541 675 18 were be VBD 44541 675 19 the the DT 44541 675 20 result result NN 44541 675 21 . . . 44541 676 1 Soon soon RB 44541 676 2 after after IN 44541 676 3 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 676 4 return return NN 44541 676 5 he -PRON- PRP 44541 676 6 was be VBD 44541 676 7 offered offer VBN 44541 676 8 the the DT 44541 676 9 chair chair NN 44541 676 10 of of IN 44541 676 11 Anatomy Anatomy NNP 44541 676 12 at at IN 44541 676 13 Jena Jena NNP 44541 676 14 , , , 44541 676 15 and and CC 44541 676 16 at at IN 44541 676 17 this this DT 44541 676 18 retired retire VBN 44541 676 19 spot spot NN 44541 676 20 he -PRON- PRP 44541 676 21 produced produce VBD 44541 676 22 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 676 23 most most RBS 44541 676 24 important important JJ 44541 676 25 works work NNS 44541 676 26 , , , 44541 676 27 devoting devote VBG 44541 676 28 himself -PRON- PRP 44541 676 29 more more RBR 44541 676 30 and and CC 44541 676 31 more more JJR 44541 676 32 to to IN 44541 676 33 the the DT 44541 676 34 study study NN 44541 676 35 of of IN 44541 676 36 the the DT 44541 676 37 Vertebrata Vertebrata NNP 44541 676 38 . . . 44541 677 1 Since since IN 44541 677 2 1875 1875 CD 44541 677 3 he -PRON- PRP 44541 677 4 has have VBZ 44541 677 5 held hold VBN 44541 677 6 the the DT 44541 677 7 Chair Chair NNP 44541 677 8 of of IN 44541 677 9 Anatomy Anatomy NNP 44541 677 10 at at IN 44541 677 11 Heidelberg Heidelberg NNP 44541 677 12 . . . 44541 678 1 In in IN 44541 678 2 1859 1859 CD 44541 678 3 he -PRON- PRP 44541 678 4 published publish VBD 44541 678 5 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 678 6 ' ' `` 44541 678 7 Principles Principles NNPS 44541 678 8 of of IN 44541 678 9 Comparative Comparative NNP 44541 678 10 Anatomy Anatomy NNP 44541 678 11 ' ' '' 44541 678 12 ; ; : 44541 678 13 but but CC 44541 678 14 in in IN 44541 678 15 1870 1870 CD 44541 678 16 he -PRON- PRP 44541 678 17 remodelled remodelle VBD 44541 678 18 it -PRON- PRP 44541 678 19 completely completely RB 44541 678 20 , , , 44541 678 21 the the DT 44541 678 22 theory theory NN 44541 678 23 of of IN 44541 678 24 descent descent NN 44541 678 25 being be VBG 44541 678 26 the the DT 44541 678 27 guiding guide VBG 44541 678 28 principle principle NN 44541 678 29 . . . 44541 679 1 These these DT 44541 679 2 ' ' `` 44541 679 3 Grundzüge Grundzüge NNP 44541 679 4 ' ' '' 44541 679 5 were be VBD 44541 679 6 followed follow VBN 44541 679 7 by by IN 44541 679 8 a a DT 44541 679 9 somewhat somewhat RB 44541 679 10 more more RBR 44541 679 11 condensed condensed JJ 44541 679 12 ' ' '' 44541 679 13 Grundriss Grundriss NNP 44541 679 14 , , , 44541 679 15 ' ' '' 44541 679 16 the the DT 44541 679 17 second second JJ 44541 679 18 edition edition NN 44541 679 19 of of IN 44541 679 20 which which WDT 44541 679 21 was be VBD 44541 679 22 published publish VBN 44541 679 23 in in IN 44541 679 24 1878 1878 CD 44541 679 25 , , , 44541 679 26 and and CC 44541 679 27 has have VBZ 44541 679 28 been be VBN 44541 679 29 translated translate VBN 44541 679 30 into into IN 44541 679 31 French French NNP 44541 679 32 and and CC 44541 679 33 English English NNP 44541 679 34 . . . 44541 680 1 In in IN 44541 680 2 the the DT 44541 680 3 meantime meantime NN 44541 680 4 he -PRON- PRP 44541 680 5 had have VBD 44541 680 6 broken break VBN 44541 680 7 new new JJ 44541 680 8 ground ground NN 44541 680 9 by by IN 44541 680 10 the the DT 44541 680 11 development development NN 44541 680 12 and and CC 44541 680 13 treatment treatment NN 44541 680 14 of of IN 44541 680 15 certain certain JJ 44541 680 16 problems problem NNS 44541 680 17 concerning concern VBG 44541 680 18 the the DT 44541 680 19 composition composition NN 44541 680 20 and and CC 44541 680 21 origin origin NN 44541 680 22 of of IN 44541 680 23 the the DT 44541 680 24 limbs limb NNS 44541 680 25 , , , 44541 680 26 the the DT 44541 680 27 shoulder shoulder NN 44541 680 28 - - HYPH 44541 680 29 girdle girdle NN 44541 680 30 and and CC 44541 680 31 the the DT 44541 680 32 skull skull NN 44541 680 33 , , , 44541 680 34 researches research NNS 44541 680 35 which which WDT 44541 680 36 are be VBP 44541 680 37 embodied embody VBN 44541 680 38 in in IN 44541 680 39 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 680 40 ' ' `` 44541 680 41 Untersuchungen Untersuchungen NNP 44541 680 42 zur zur NNP 44541 680 43 vergleichenden vergleichenden VBP 44541 680 44 Anatomie Anatomie NNP 44541 680 45 der der VBP 44541 680 46 Wirbelthiere Wirbelthiere NNP 44541 680 47 , , , 44541 680 48 ' ' '' 44541 680 49 1864 1864 CD 44541 680 50 - - HYPH 44541 680 51 65 65 CD 44541 680 52 - - HYPH 44541 680 53 72 72 CD 44541 680 54 . . . 44541 681 1 In in IN 44541 681 2 1883 1883 CD 44541 681 3 he -PRON- PRP 44541 681 4 brought bring VBD 44541 681 5 out out RP 44541 681 6 a a DT 44541 681 7 text text NN 44541 681 8 - - HYPH 44541 681 9 book book NN 44541 681 10 on on IN 44541 681 11 human human JJ 44541 681 12 anatomy anatomy NN 44541 681 13 . . . 44541 682 1 This this DT 44541 682 2 also also RB 44541 682 3 marked mark VBD 44541 682 4 a a DT 44541 682 5 new new JJ 44541 682 6 epoch epoch NN 44541 682 7 , , , 44541 682 8 because because IN 44541 682 9 for for IN 44541 682 10 the the DT 44541 682 11 first first JJ 44541 682 12 time time NN 44541 682 13 , , , 44541 682 14 not not RB 44541 682 15 only only RB 44541 682 16 the the DT 44541 682 17 nomenclature nomenclature NN 44541 682 18 , , , 44541 682 19 but but CC 44541 682 20 also also RB 44541 682 21 the the DT 44541 682 22 general general JJ 44541 682 23 treatment treatment NN 44541 682 24 of of IN 44541 682 25 human human JJ 44541 682 26 anatomy anatomy NN 44541 682 27 , , , 44541 682 28 was be VBD 44541 682 29 put put VBN 44541 682 30 upon upon IN 44541 682 31 a a DT 44541 682 32 firm firm JJ 44541 682 33 comparative comparative JJ 44541 682 34 anatomical anatomical JJ 44541 682 35 basis basis NN 44541 682 36 . . . 44541 683 1 The the DT 44541 683 2 success success NN 44541 683 3 of of IN 44541 683 4 this this DT 44541 683 5 work work NN 44541 683 6 is be VBZ 44541 683 7 indicated indicate VBN 44541 683 8 by by IN 44541 683 9 the the DT 44541 683 10 fact fact NN 44541 683 11 that that IN 44541 683 12 it -PRON- PRP 44541 683 13 reached reach VBD 44541 683 14 the the DT 44541 683 15 sixth sixth JJ 44541 683 16 edition edition NN 44541 683 17 in in IN 44541 683 18 1897 1897 CD 44541 683 19 . . . 44541 684 1 Lastly lastly RB 44541 684 2 , , , 44541 684 3 in in IN 44541 684 4 1898 1898 CD 44541 684 5 , , , 44541 684 6 appeared appear VBD 44541 684 7 the the DT 44541 684 8 first first JJ 44541 684 9 volume volume NN 44541 684 10 of of IN 44541 684 11 what what WP 44541 684 12 may may MD 44541 684 13 be be VB 44541 684 14 called call VBN 44541 684 15 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 684 16 crowning crowning JJ 44541 684 17 work work NN 44541 684 18 , , , 44541 684 19 ' ' '' 44541 684 20 Vergleichende Vergleichende NNP 44541 684 21 Anatomie Anatomie NNP 44541 684 22 der der VBP 44541 684 23 Wirbelthiere Wirbelthiere NNP 44541 684 24 . . . 44541 684 25 ' ' '' 44541 685 1 Gegenbaur Gegenbaur NNP 44541 685 2 is be VBZ 44541 685 3 universally universally RB 44541 685 4 recognised recognise VBN 44541 685 5 , , , 44541 685 6 not not RB 44541 685 7 only only RB 44541 685 8 as as IN 44541 685 9 the the DT 44541 685 10 greatest great JJS 44541 685 11 living live VBG 44541 685 12 comparative comparative JJ 44541 685 13 anatomist anatomist NN 44541 685 14 , , , 44541 685 15 but but CC 44541 685 16 also also RB 44541 685 17 as as IN 44541 685 18 the the DT 44541 685 19 founder founder NN 44541 685 20 of of IN 44541 685 21 the the DT 44541 685 22 modern modern JJ 44541 685 23 side side NN 44541 685 24 of of IN 44541 685 25 this this DT 44541 685 26 science science NN 44541 685 27 , , , 44541 685 28 by by IN 44541 685 29 having have VBG 44541 685 30 based base VBN 44541 685 31 it -PRON- PRP 44541 685 32 on on IN 44541 685 33 the the DT 44541 685 34 theory theory NN 44541 685 35 of of IN 44541 685 36 descent descent NN 44541 685 37 . . . 44541 686 1 In in IN 44541 686 2 1896 1896 CD 44541 686 3 he -PRON- PRP 44541 686 4 received receive VBD 44541 686 5 from from IN 44541 686 6 the the DT 44541 686 7 Royal Royal NNP 44541 686 8 Society Society NNP 44541 686 9 the the DT 44541 686 10 Copley Copley NNP 44541 686 11 medal medal NN 44541 686 12 ' ' '' 44541 686 13 for for IN 44541 686 14 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 686 15 pre pre NN 44541 686 16 - - NN 44541 686 17 eminence eminence NN 44541 686 18 in in IN 44541 686 19 the the DT 44541 686 20 science science NN 44541 686 21 of of IN 44541 686 22 comparative comparative JJ 44541 686 23 anatomy anatomy NN 44541 686 24 or or CC 44541 686 25 animal animal NN 44541 686 26 morphology morphology NN 44541 686 27 . . . 44541 686 28 ' ' '' 44541 687 1 His -PRON- PRP$ 44541 687 2 marvellously marvellously RB 44541 687 3 powerful powerful JJ 44541 687 4 influence influence NN 44541 687 5 as as IN 44541 687 6 a a DT 44541 687 7 teacher teacher NN 44541 687 8 and and CC 44541 687 9 investigator investigator NN 44541 687 10 has have VBZ 44541 687 11 made make VBN 44541 687 12 Heidelberg Heidelberg NNP 44541 687 13 a a DT 44541 687 14 centre centre NN 44541 687 15 whence whence NN 44541 687 16 many many JJ 44541 687 17 pupils pupil NNS 44541 687 18 have have VBP 44541 687 19 spread spread VBN 44541 687 20 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 687 21 teaching teaching NN 44541 687 22 , , , 44541 687 23 and and CC 44541 687 24 above above IN 44541 687 25 all all DT 44541 687 26 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 687 27 method method NN 44541 687 28 of of IN 44541 687 29 research research NN 44541 687 30 . . . 44541 688 1 ERNST ERNST NNP 44541 688 2 HEINRICH HEINRICH NNP 44541 688 3 HAECKEL HAECKEL NNP 44541 688 4 was be VBD 44541 688 5 born bear VBN 44541 688 6 on on IN 44541 688 7 February February NNP 44541 688 8 16 16 CD 44541 688 9 , , , 44541 688 10 1834 1834 CD 44541 688 11 , , , 44541 688 12 at at IN 44541 688 13 Potsdam Potsdam NNP 44541 688 14 . . . 44541 689 1 He -PRON- PRP 44541 689 2 carried carry VBD 44541 689 3 out out RP 44541 689 4 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 689 5 academical academical JJ 44541 689 6 studies study NNS 44541 689 7 alternately alternately RB 44541 689 8 at at IN 44541 689 9 Berlin Berlin NNP 44541 689 10 and and CC 44541 689 11 Würzburg Würzburg NNP 44541 689 12 , , , 44541 689 13 attracted attract VBN 44541 689 14 by by IN 44541 689 15 such such JJ 44541 689 16 men man NNS 44541 689 17 as as IN 44541 689 18 Johannes Johannes NNP 44541 689 19 Mueller Mueller NNP 44541 689 20 , , , 44541 689 21 Koelliker Koelliker NNP 44541 689 22 , , , 44541 689 23 and and CC 44541 689 24 Virchow Virchow NNP 44541 689 25 . . . 44541 690 1 For for IN 44541 690 2 years year NNS 44541 690 3 he -PRON- PRP 44541 690 4 was be VBD 44541 690 5 undecided undecided JJ 44541 690 6 what what WP 44541 690 7 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 690 8 career career NN 44541 690 9 should should MD 44541 690 10 be be VB 44541 690 11 , , , 44541 690 12 whether whether IN 44541 690 13 that that DT 44541 690 14 of of IN 44541 690 15 botanist botanist NN 44541 690 16 , , , 44541 690 17 collector collector NN 44541 690 18 , , , 44541 690 19 or or CC 44541 690 20 geographical geographical JJ 44541 690 21 traveller traveller NN 44541 690 22 . . . 44541 691 1 Certainly certainly RB 44541 691 2 that that DT 44541 691 3 of of IN 44541 691 4 medicine medicine NN 44541 691 5 attracted attract VBD 44541 691 6 him -PRON- PRP 44541 691 7 least least RBS 44541 691 8 , , , 44541 691 9 although although IN 44541 691 10 in in IN 44541 691 11 deference deference NN 44541 691 12 to to IN 44541 691 13 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 691 14 father father NN 44541 691 15 's 's POS 44541 691 16 wishes wish NNS 44541 691 17 he -PRON- PRP 44541 691 18 qualified qualify VBD 44541 691 19 and and CC 44541 691 20 settled settle VBD 44541 691 21 down down RP 44541 691 22 for for IN 44541 691 23 a a DT 44541 691 24 year year NN 44541 691 25 's 's POS 44541 691 26 practice practice NN 44541 691 27 in in IN 44541 691 28 Berlin Berlin NNP 44541 691 29 . . . 44541 692 1 As as IN 44541 692 2 he -PRON- PRP 44541 692 3 himself -PRON- PRP 44541 692 4 has have VBZ 44541 692 5 told tell VBN 44541 692 6 us -PRON- PRP 44541 692 7 , , , 44541 692 8 he -PRON- PRP 44541 692 9 might may MD 44541 692 10 perhaps perhaps RB 44541 692 11 have have VB 44541 692 12 proved prove VBN 44541 692 13 rather rather RB 44541 692 14 successful successful JJ 44541 692 15 as as IN 44541 692 16 a a DT 44541 692 17 physician physician NN 44541 692 18 , , , 44541 692 19 to to TO 44541 692 20 judge judge VB 44541 692 21 from from IN 44541 692 22 the the DT 44541 692 23 fact fact NN 44541 692 24 that that IN 44541 692 25 he -PRON- PRP 44541 692 26 did do VBD 44541 692 27 not not RB 44541 692 28 lose lose VB 44541 692 29 a a DT 44541 692 30 single single JJ 44541 692 31 patient patient NN 44541 692 32 . . . 44541 693 1 But but CC 44541 693 2 ' ' `` 44541 693 3 I -PRON- PRP 44541 693 4 had have VBD 44541 693 5 only only RB 44541 693 6 three three CD 44541 693 7 patients patient NNS 44541 693 8 all all DT 44541 693 9 told tell VBD 44541 693 10 , , , 44541 693 11 and and CC 44541 693 12 the the DT 44541 693 13 reason reason NN 44541 693 14 of of IN 44541 693 15 this this DT 44541 693 16 is be VBZ 44541 693 17 perhaps perhaps RB 44541 693 18 that that IN 44541 693 19 I -PRON- PRP 44541 693 20 had have VBD 44541 693 21 given give VBN 44541 693 22 on on IN 44541 693 23 my -PRON- PRP$ 44541 693 24 plate plate NN 44541 693 25 the the DT 44541 693 26 hours hour NNS 44541 693 27 of of IN 44541 693 28 consultation consultation NN 44541 693 29 as as IN 44541 693 30 from from IN 44541 693 31 5 5 CD 44541 693 32 to to IN 44541 693 33 6 6 CD 44541 693 34 _ _ NNP 44541 693 35 a.m. a.m. NN 44541 693 36 _ _ NNP 44541 693 37 ' ' '' 44541 693 38 During during IN 44541 693 39 the the DT 44541 693 40 year year NN 44541 693 41 1859 1859 CD 44541 693 42 he -PRON- PRP 44541 693 43 travelled travel VBD 44541 693 44 as as IN 44541 693 45 medical medical JJ 44541 693 46 man man NN 44541 693 47 and and CC 44541 693 48 artist artist NN 44541 693 49 in in IN 44541 693 50 Sicily Sicily NNP 44541 693 51 . . . 44541 694 1 In in IN 44541 694 2 1861 1861 CD 44541 694 3 he -PRON- PRP 44541 694 4 was be VBD 44541 694 5 induced induce VBN 44541 694 6 by by IN 44541 694 7 Gegenbaur Gegenbaur NNP 44541 694 8 , , , 44541 694 9 whose whose WP$ 44541 694 10 acquaintance acquaintance NN 44541 694 11 he -PRON- PRP 44541 694 12 had have VBD 44541 694 13 made make VBN 44541 694 14 in in IN 44541 694 15 Würzburg Würzburg NNP 44541 694 16 , , , 44541 694 17 to to TO 44541 694 18 establish establish VB 44541 694 19 himself -PRON- PRP 44541 694 20 as as IN 44541 694 21 a a DT 44541 694 22 _ _ NNP 44541 694 23 Privat Privat NNP 44541 694 24 - - HYPH 44541 694 25 docent docent JJ 44541 694 26 _ _ NNP 44541 694 27 for for IN 44541 694 28 comparative comparative JJ 44541 694 29 anatomy anatomy NN 44541 694 30 in in IN 44541 694 31 Jena Jena NNP 44541 694 32 . . . 44541 695 1 And and CC 44541 695 2 there there EX 44541 695 3 he -PRON- PRP 44541 695 4 has have VBZ 44541 695 5 remained remain VBN 44541 695 6 ever ever RB 44541 695 7 since since RB 44541 695 8 , , , 44541 695 9 filling fill VBG 44541 695 10 the the DT 44541 695 11 Chair Chair NNP 44541 695 12 of of IN 44541 695 13 Zoology Zoology NNP 44541 695 14 , , , 44541 695 15 and and CC 44541 695 16 having have VBG 44541 695 17 declined decline VBN 44541 695 18 several several JJ 44541 695 19 much much RB 44541 695 20 more more JJR 44541 695 21 tempting tempting JJ 44541 695 22 offers offer VBZ 44541 695 23 from from IN 44541 695 24 the the DT 44541 695 25 Universities Universities NNPS 44541 695 26 of of IN 44541 695 27 Würzburg Würzburg NNP 44541 695 28 , , , 44541 695 29 Vienna Vienna NNP 44541 695 30 , , , 44541 695 31 Strassburg Strassburg NNP 44541 695 32 , , , 44541 695 33 and and CC 44541 695 34 Bonn Bonn NNP 44541 695 35 . . . 44541 696 1 Within within IN 44541 696 2 one one CD 44541 696 3 year year NN 44541 696 4 , , , 44541 696 5 1865 1865 CD 44541 696 6 , , , 44541 696 7 he -PRON- PRP 44541 696 8 wrote write VBD 44541 696 9 the the DT 44541 696 10 two two CD 44541 696 11 volumes volume NNS 44541 696 12 of of IN 44541 696 13 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 696 14 ' ' `` 44541 696 15 Generelle Generelle NNP 44541 696 16 Morphologie Morphologie NNP 44541 696 17 der der VBP 44541 696 18 Organismen Organismen NNP 44541 696 19 , , , 44541 696 20 ' ' '' 44541 696 21 as as IN 44541 696 22 he -PRON- PRP 44541 696 23 himself -PRON- PRP 44541 696 24 relates relate VBZ 44541 696 25 , , , 44541 696 26 in in IN 44541 696 27 order order NN 44541 696 28 to to TO 44541 696 29 master master VB 44541 696 30 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 696 31 sorrow sorrow NN 44541 696 32 over over IN 44541 696 33 the the DT 44541 696 34 loss loss NN 44541 696 35 of of IN 44541 696 36 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 696 37 first first JJ 44541 696 38 wife wife NN 44541 696 39 . . . 44541 697 1 But but CC 44541 697 2 he -PRON- PRP 44541 697 3 broke break VBD 44541 697 4 down down RP 44541 697 5 , , , 44541 697 6 and and CC 44541 697 7 went go VBD 44541 697 8 to to IN 44541 697 9 the the DT 44541 697 10 Canaries Canaries NNP 44541 697 11 to to TO 44541 697 12 recruit recruit VB 44541 697 13 health health NN 44541 697 14 and and CC 44541 697 15 strength strength NN 44541 697 16 . . . 44541 698 1 The the DT 44541 698 2 ' ' `` 44541 698 3 Morphologie Morphologie NNP 44541 698 4 , , , 44541 698 5 ' ' '' 44541 698 6 which which WDT 44541 698 7 has have VBZ 44541 698 8 long long RB 44541 698 9 been be VBN 44541 698 10 out out IN 44541 698 11 of of IN 44541 698 12 print,[25 print,[25 CD 44541 698 13 ] ] -RRB- 44541 698 14 made make VBN 44541 698 15 scarcely scarcely RB 44541 698 16 any any DT 44541 698 17 impression impression NN 44541 698 18 . . . 44541 699 1 It -PRON- PRP 44541 699 2 was be VBD 44541 699 3 ignored ignore VBN 44541 699 4 , , , 44541 699 5 probably probably RB 44541 699 6 because because IN 44541 699 7 he -PRON- PRP 44541 699 8 had have VBD 44541 699 9 placed place VBN 44541 699 10 the the DT 44541 699 11 old old JJ 44541 699 12 - - HYPH 44541 699 13 fashioned fashioned JJ 44541 699 14 study study NN 44541 699 15 of of IN 44541 699 16 zoology zoology NN 44541 699 17 and and CC 44541 699 18 morphology morphology NN 44541 699 19 upon upon IN 44541 699 20 a a DT 44541 699 21 thoroughly thoroughly RB 44541 699 22 Darwinistic darwinistic JJ 44541 699 23 basis basis NN 44541 699 24 . . . 44541 700 1 [ [ -LRB- 44541 700 2 25 25 CD 44541 700 3 ] ] -RRB- 44541 700 4 That that IN 44541 700 5 this this DT 44541 700 6 great great JJ 44541 700 7 work work NN 44541 700 8 is be VBZ 44541 700 9 now now RB 44541 700 10 comparatively comparatively RB 44541 700 11 rare rare JJ 44541 700 12 , , , 44541 700 13 although although IN 44541 700 14 still still RB 44541 700 15 in in IN 44541 700 16 the the DT 44541 700 17 second second JJ 44541 700 18 - - HYPH 44541 700 19 hand hand NN 44541 700 20 market market NN 44541 700 21 , , , 44541 700 22 may may MD 44541 700 23 perhaps perhaps RB 44541 700 24 be be VB 44541 700 25 urged urge VBN 44541 700 26 in in IN 44541 700 27 excuse excuse NN 44541 700 28 of of IN 44541 700 29 the the DT 44541 700 30 fact fact NN 44541 700 31 of of IN 44541 700 32 so so RB 44541 700 33 many many JJ 44541 700 34 attempts attempt NNS 44541 700 35 made make VBN 44541 700 36 by by IN 44541 700 37 many many JJ 44541 700 38 authors author NNS 44541 700 39 , , , 44541 700 40 both both CC 44541 700 41 professional professional JJ 44541 700 42 and and CC 44541 700 43 amateur amateur JJ 44541 700 44 , , , 44541 700 45 to to TO 44541 700 46 find find VB 44541 700 47 fault fault NN 44541 700 48 with with IN 44541 700 49 or or CC 44541 700 50 to to TO 44541 700 51 explain explain VB 44541 700 52 the the DT 44541 700 53 principles principle NNS 44541 700 54 of of IN 44541 700 55 adaptation adaptation NN 44541 700 56 , , , 44541 700 57 variation variation NN 44541 700 58 , , , 44541 700 59 heredity heredity NN 44541 700 60 , , , 44541 700 61 cænogenesis cænogenesis NN 44541 700 62 , , , 44541 700 63 phylogeny phylogeny NN 44541 700 64 , , , 44541 700 65 etc etc FW 44541 700 66 . . FW 44541 700 67 , , , 44541 700 68 in in IN 44541 700 69 complete complete JJ 44541 700 70 ignorance ignorance NN 44541 700 71 that that IN 44541 700 72 all all PDT 44541 700 73 these these DT 44541 700 74 and and CC 44541 700 75 many many JJ 44541 700 76 more more JJR 44541 700 77 fundamental fundamental JJ 44541 700 78 questions question NNS 44541 700 79 were be VBD 44541 700 80 fully fully RB 44541 700 81 discussed discuss VBN 44541 700 82 more more JJR 44541 700 83 than than IN 44541 700 84 thirty thirty CD 44541 700 85 years year NNS 44541 700 86 ago ago RB 44541 700 87 in in IN 44541 700 88 the the DT 44541 700 89 ' ' `` 44541 700 90 Generelle Generelle NNP 44541 700 91 Morphologie Morphologie NNP 44541 700 92 . . . 44541 700 93 ' ' '' 44541 701 1 On on IN 44541 701 2 the the DT 44541 701 3 advice advice NN 44541 701 4 of of IN 44541 701 5 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 701 6 friend friend NN 44541 701 7 Gegenbaur Gegenbaur NNP 44541 701 8 , , , 44541 701 9 he -PRON- PRP 44541 701 10 gave give VBD 44541 701 11 a a DT 44541 701 12 more more RBR 44541 701 13 popularly popularly RB 44541 701 14 written write VBN 44541 701 15 abstract abstract JJ 44541 701 16 of of IN 44541 701 17 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 701 18 ' ' `` 44541 701 19 Generelle Generelle NNP 44541 701 20 Morphologie'--in Morphologie'--in NNP 44541 701 21 fact fact NN 44541 701 22 , , , 44541 701 23 the the DT 44541 701 24 substance substance NN 44541 701 25 of of IN 44541 701 26 a a DT 44541 701 27 series series NN 44541 701 28 of of IN 44541 701 29 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 701 30 lectures lecture NNS 44541 701 31 -- -- : 44541 701 32 in in IN 44541 701 33 the the DT 44541 701 34 shape shape NN 44541 701 35 of of IN 44541 701 36 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 701 37 ' ' `` 44541 701 38 Natürliche Natürliche NNP 44541 701 39 Schöpfungsgeschichte Schöpfungsgeschichte NNP 44541 701 40 . . . 44541 701 41 ' ' '' 44541 702 1 This this DT 44541 702 2 ' ' `` 44541 702 3 History history NN 44541 702 4 of of IN 44541 702 5 Natural Natural NNP 44541 702 6 Creation Creation NNP 44541 702 7 , , , 44541 702 8 ' ' '' 44541 702 9 which which WDT 44541 702 10 in in IN 44541 702 11 1898 1898 CD 44541 702 12 has have VBZ 44541 702 13 reached reach VBN 44541 702 14 the the DT 44541 702 15 ninth ninth JJ 44541 702 16 edition edition NN 44541 702 17 ( ( -LRB- 44541 702 18 first first NNP 44541 702 19 edition edition NN 44541 702 20 translated translate VBN 44541 702 21 into into IN 44541 702 22 English English NNP 44541 702 23 in in IN 44541 702 24 1873 1873 CD 44541 702 25 ) ) -RRB- 44541 702 26 , , , 44541 702 27 had have VBD 44541 702 28 the the DT 44541 702 29 desired desire VBN 44541 702 30 effect effect NN 44541 702 31 . . . 44541 703 1 So so RB 44541 703 2 also also RB 44541 703 3 had have VBD 44541 703 4 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 703 5 ' ' `` 44541 703 6 Anthropogenie Anthropogenie NNP 44541 703 7 oder oder NN 44541 703 8 Entwicklungsgeschichte Entwicklungsgeschichte NNP 44541 703 9 des des NNP 44541 703 10 Menschen Menschen NNP 44541 703 11 , , , 44541 703 12 ' ' '' 44541 703 13 the the DT 44541 703 14 fourth fourth JJ 44541 703 15 edition edition NN 44541 703 16 of of IN 44541 703 17 which which WDT 44541 703 18 appeared appear VBD 44541 703 19 in in IN 44541 703 20 1891 1891 CD 44541 703 21 . . . 44541 704 1 It -PRON- PRP 44541 704 2 was be VBD 44541 704 3 a a DT 44541 704 4 lucky lucky JJ 44541 704 5 coincidence coincidence NN 44541 704 6 that that IN 44541 704 7 Haeckel Haeckel NNP 44541 704 8 had have VBD 44541 704 9 just just RB 44541 704 10 finished finish VBN 44541 704 11 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 704 12 preliminary preliminary JJ 44541 704 13 academical academical JJ 44541 704 14 studies study NNS 44541 704 15 , , , 44541 704 16 was be VBD 44541 704 17 entirely entirely RB 44541 704 18 at at IN 44541 704 19 leisure leisure NN 44541 704 20 , , , 44541 704 21 and and CC 44541 704 22 undetermined undetermined JJ 44541 704 23 to to TO 44541 704 24 which which WDT 44541 704 25 branch branch NN 44541 704 26 of of IN 44541 704 27 natural natural JJ 44541 704 28 science science NN 44541 704 29 he -PRON- PRP 44541 704 30 should should MD 44541 704 31 devote devote VB 44541 704 32 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 704 33 genius genius NN 44541 704 34 , , , 44541 704 35 when when WRB 44541 704 36 Darwin Darwin NNP 44541 704 37 's 's POS 44541 704 38 great great JJ 44541 704 39 work work NN 44541 704 40 was be VBD 44541 704 41 given give VBN 44541 704 42 to to IN 44541 704 43 the the DT 44541 704 44 world world NN 44541 704 45 . . . 44541 705 1 Haeckel Haeckel NNP 44541 705 2 embraced embrace VBD 44541 705 3 the the DT 44541 705 4 new new JJ 44541 705 5 doctrine doctrine NN 44541 705 6 fervently fervently RB 44541 705 7 , , , 44541 705 8 and and CC 44541 705 9 , , , 44541 705 10 as as IN 44541 705 11 Huxley Huxley NNP 44541 705 12 was be VBD 44541 705 13 doing do VBG 44541 705 14 in in IN 44541 705 15 England England NNP 44541 705 16 , , , 44541 705 17 he -PRON- PRP 44541 705 18 spread spread VBD 44541 705 19 it -PRON- PRP 44541 705 20 and and CC 44541 705 21 fought fight VBD 44541 705 22 for for IN 44541 705 23 it -PRON- PRP 44541 705 24 with with IN 44541 705 25 ever ever RB 44541 705 26 - - HYPH 44541 705 27 increasing increase VBG 44541 705 28 vigour vigour NN 44541 705 29 in in IN 44541 705 30 Germany Germany NNP 44541 705 31 . . . 44541 706 1 With with IN 44541 706 2 marvellous marvellous JJ 44541 706 3 vigour vigour NN 44541 706 4 and and CC 44541 706 5 quickness quickness NN 44541 706 6 of of IN 44541 706 7 perception perception NN 44541 706 8 he -PRON- PRP 44541 706 9 applied apply VBD 44541 706 10 the the DT 44541 706 11 principles principle NNS 44541 706 12 of of IN 44541 706 13 Evolution evolution NN 44541 706 14 or or CC 44541 706 15 the the DT 44541 706 16 theory theory NN 44541 706 17 of of IN 44541 706 18 descent descent NN 44541 706 19 to to IN 44541 706 20 the the DT 44541 706 21 whole whole JJ 44541 706 22 organic organic JJ 44541 706 23 world world NN 44541 706 24 , , , 44541 706 25 and and CC 44541 706 26 not not RB 44541 706 27 only only RB 44541 706 28 opened open VBN 44541 706 29 entirely entirely RB 44541 706 30 new new JJ 44541 706 31 vistas vista NNS 44541 706 32 for for IN 44541 706 33 the the DT 44541 706 34 study study NN 44541 706 35 of of IN 44541 706 36 morphology morphology NN 44541 706 37 , , , 44541 706 38 but but CC 44541 706 39 also also RB 44541 706 40 worked work VBD 44541 706 41 them -PRON- PRP 44541 706 42 out out RP 44541 706 43 and and CC 44541 706 44 fixed fix VBD 44541 706 45 them -PRON- PRP 44541 706 46 . . . 44541 707 1 He -PRON- PRP 44541 707 2 was be VBD 44541 707 3 the the DT 44541 707 4 first first JJ 44541 707 5 to to TO 44541 707 6 draw draw VB 44541 707 7 up up RP 44541 707 8 pedigrees pedigree NNS 44541 707 9 of of IN 44541 707 10 the the DT 44541 707 11 various various JJ 44541 707 12 larger large JJR 44541 707 13 groups group NNS 44541 707 14 of of IN 44541 707 15 animals animal NNS 44541 707 16 and and CC 44541 707 17 plants plant NNS 44541 707 18 , , , 44541 707 19 filling fill VBG 44541 707 20 the the DT 44541 707 21 gaps gap NNS 44541 707 22 by by IN 44541 707 23 fossils fossil NNS 44541 707 24 or or CC 44541 707 25 with with IN 44541 707 26 hypothetical hypothetical JJ 44541 707 27 forms form NNS 44541 707 28 ( ( -LRB- 44541 707 29 the the DT 44541 707 30 necessary necessary JJ 44541 707 31 existence existence NN 44541 707 32 of of IN 44541 707 33 which which WDT 44541 707 34 he -PRON- PRP 44541 707 35 arrived arrive VBD 44541 707 36 at at IN 44541 707 37 by by IN 44541 707 38 logical logical JJ 44541 707 39 deductions deduction NNS 44541 707 40 ) ) -RRB- 44541 707 41 ; ; : 44541 707 42 and and CC 44541 707 43 thus thus RB 44541 707 44 he -PRON- PRP 44541 707 45 reconstructed reconstruct VBD 44541 707 46 the the DT 44541 707 47 first first JJ 44541 707 48 universal universal JJ 44541 707 49 pedigree pedigree NN 44541 707 50 , , , 44541 707 51 a a DT 44541 707 52 gigantic gigantic JJ 44541 707 53 ancestral ancestral JJ 44541 707 54 tree tree NN 44541 707 55 , , , 44541 707 56 from from IN 44541 707 57 the the DT 44541 707 58 simple simple JJ 44541 707 59 unicellular unicellular JJ 44541 707 60 Amoeba Amoeba NNP 44541 707 61 to to IN 44541 707 62 Man Man NNP 44541 707 63 . . . 44541 708 1 Of of RB 44541 708 2 course course RB 44541 708 3 these these DT 44541 708 4 pedigrees pedigree NNS 44541 708 5 were be VBD 44541 708 6 entirely entirely RB 44541 708 7 provisional provisional JJ 44541 708 8 , , , 44541 708 9 as as IN 44541 708 10 he -PRON- PRP 44541 708 11 himself -PRON- PRP 44541 708 12 has have VBZ 44541 708 13 over over RB 44541 708 14 and and CC 44541 708 15 over over RB 44541 708 16 again again RB 44541 708 17 avowed avow VBN 44541 708 18 ; ; : 44541 708 19 but but CC 44541 708 20 they -PRON- PRP 44541 708 21 are be VBP 44541 708 22 , , , 44541 708 23 nevertheless nevertheless RB 44541 708 24 , , , 44541 708 25 the the DT 44541 708 26 ideal ideal NN 44541 708 27 which which WDT 44541 708 28 all all DT 44541 708 29 systematists systematist NNS 44541 708 30 and and CC 44541 708 31 morphologists morphologist NNS 44541 708 32 working work VBG 44541 708 33 upon upon IN 44541 708 34 the the DT 44541 708 35 basis basis NN 44541 708 36 of of IN 44541 708 37 Evolution Evolution NNP 44541 708 38 have have VBP 44541 708 39 since since IN 44541 708 40 been be VBN 44541 708 41 seeking seek VBG 44541 708 42 to to TO 44541 708 43 establish establish VB 44541 708 44 . . . 44541 709 1 Naturally naturally RB 44541 709 2 he -PRON- PRP 44541 709 3 was be VBD 44541 709 4 vigorously vigorously RB 44541 709 5 attacked attack VBN 44541 709 6 , , , 44541 709 7 not not RB 44541 709 8 only only RB 44541 709 9 by by IN 44541 709 10 anti anti NNS 44541 709 11 - - NNS 44541 709 12 Darwinians darwinian NNS 44541 709 13 , , , 44541 709 14 or or CC 44541 709 15 rather rather RB 44541 709 16 anti anti JJ 44541 709 17 - - NNS 44541 709 18 Evolutionists evolutionist NNS 44541 709 19 , , , 44541 709 20 but but CC 44541 709 21 also also RB 44541 709 22 by by IN 44541 709 23 many many JJ 44541 709 24 of of IN 44541 709 25 those those DT 44541 709 26 who who WP 44541 709 27 , , , 44541 709 28 having have VBG 44541 709 29 accepted accept VBN 44541 709 30 the the DT 44541 709 31 principle principle NN 44541 709 32 of of IN 44541 709 33 transformism transformism NN 44541 709 34 , , , 44541 709 35 ought ought MD 44541 709 36 to to TO 44541 709 37 have have VB 44541 709 38 known know VBN 44541 709 39 better well RBR 44541 709 40 . . . 44541 710 1 Perhaps perhaps RB 44541 710 2 they -PRON- PRP 44541 710 3 thought think VBD 44541 710 4 they -PRON- PRP 44541 710 5 did do VBD 44541 710 6 know know VB 44541 710 7 better well RBR 44541 710 8 . . . 44541 711 1 Imperfections imperfection NNS 44541 711 2 or or CC 44541 711 3 mistakes mistake NNS 44541 711 4 in in IN 44541 711 5 details detail NNS 44541 711 6 of of IN 44541 711 7 the the DT 44541 711 8 grand grand NNP 44541 711 9 attempt,--and attempt,--and XX 44541 711 10 these these DT 44541 711 11 , , , 44541 711 12 naturally naturally RB 44541 711 13 , , , 44541 711 14 were be VBD 44541 711 15 many,--were many,--were NNP 44541 711 16 singled single VBN 44541 711 17 out out RP 44541 711 18 as as IN 44541 711 19 samples sample NNS 44541 711 20 of of IN 44541 711 21 the the DT 44541 711 22 whole whole NN 44541 711 23 , , , 44541 711 24 which which WDT 44541 711 25 was be VBD 44541 711 26 ridiculed ridicule VBN 44541 711 27 as as IN 44541 711 28 the the DT 44541 711 29 romance romance NN 44541 711 30 of of IN 44541 711 31 a a DT 44541 711 32 dreamer dreamer NN 44541 711 33 . . . 44541 712 1 In in IN 44541 712 2 the the DT 44541 712 3 end end NN 44541 712 4 , , , 44541 712 5 however however RB 44541 712 6 , , , 44541 712 7 this this DT 44541 712 8 hostility hostility NN 44541 712 9 , , , 44541 712 10 narrow narrow JJ 44541 712 11 - - HYPH 44541 712 12 minded minded JJ 44541 712 13 and and CC 44541 712 14 unfair unfair JJ 44541 712 15 in in IN 44541 712 16 many many JJ 44541 712 17 respects respect NNS 44541 712 18 , , , 44541 712 19 has have VBZ 44541 712 20 done do VBN 44541 712 21 good good NN 44541 712 22 to to IN 44541 712 23 the the DT 44541 712 24 cause cause NN 44541 712 25 . . . 44541 713 1 There there EX 44541 713 2 has have VBZ 44541 713 3 arisen arise VBN 44541 713 4 an an DT 44541 713 5 ever ever RB 44541 713 6 - - HYPH 44541 713 7 increasing increase VBG 44541 713 8 school school NN 44541 713 9 of of IN 44541 713 10 workers worker NNS 44541 713 11 in in IN 44541 713 12 favour favour NN 44541 713 13 of of IN 44541 713 14 the the DT 44541 713 15 new new JJ 44541 713 16 doctrine doctrine NN 44541 713 17 . . . 44541 714 1 Owing owe VBG 44541 714 2 to to IN 44541 714 3 renewed renew VBN 44541 714 4 research research NN 44541 714 5 , , , 44541 714 6 criticism criticism NN 44541 714 7 , , , 44541 714 8 corrections correction NNS 44541 714 9 in in IN 44541 714 10 all all DT 44541 714 11 directions direction NNS 44541 714 12 , , , 44541 714 13 we -PRON- PRP 44541 714 14 now now RB 44541 714 15 know know VBP 44541 714 16 considerably considerably RB 44541 714 17 more more JJR 44541 714 18 about about IN 44541 714 19 natural natural JJ 44541 714 20 classification classification NN 44541 714 21 ( ( -LRB- 44541 714 22 and and CC 44541 714 23 this this DT 44541 714 24 is be VBZ 44541 714 25 pedigree pedigree NN 44541 714 26 ) ) -RRB- 44541 714 27 than than IN 44541 714 28 when when WRB 44541 714 29 Haeckel Haeckel NNP 44541 714 30 first first RB 44541 714 31 opened open VBD 44541 714 32 out out RP 44541 714 33 the the DT 44541 714 34 whole whole JJ 44541 714 35 problem problem NN 44541 714 36 . . . 44541 715 1 Owing owe VBG 44541 715 2 to to IN 44541 715 3 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 715 4 fearless fearless JJ 44541 715 5 mode mode NN 44541 715 6 of of IN 44541 715 7 exposition exposition NN 44541 715 8 , , , 44541 715 9 regardless regardless RB 44541 715 10 of of IN 44541 715 11 the the DT 44541 715 12 indignant indignant JJ 44541 715 13 wrath wrath NN 44541 715 14 which which WDT 44541 715 15 the the DT 44541 715 16 new new JJ 44541 715 17 doctrine doctrine NN 44541 715 18 aroused arouse VBD 44541 715 19 in in IN 44541 715 20 certain certain JJ 44541 715 21 ecclesiastical ecclesiastical JJ 44541 715 22 quarters quarter NNS 44541 715 23 , , , 44541 715 24 Haeckel Haeckel NNP 44541 715 25 bore bear VBD 44541 715 26 the the DT 44541 715 27 brunt brunt NN 44541 715 28 of of IN 44541 715 29 almost almost RB 44541 715 30 endless endless JJ 44541 715 31 attacks attack NNS 44541 715 32 , , , 44541 715 33 and and CC 44541 715 34 had have VBD 44541 715 35 to to TO 44541 715 36 write write VB 44541 715 37 polemical polemical JJ 44541 715 38 essays essay NNS 44541 715 39 . . . 44541 716 1 The the DT 44541 716 2 result result NN 44541 716 3 has have VBZ 44541 716 4 been be VBN 44541 716 5 that that DT 44541 716 6 friend friend NN 44541 716 7 and and CC 44541 716 8 foe foe NN 44541 716 9 alike alike RB 44541 716 10 are be VBP 44541 716 11 now now RB 44541 716 12 working work VBG 44541 716 13 on on IN 44541 716 14 the the DT 44541 716 15 lines line NNS 44541 716 16 which which WDT 44541 716 17 he -PRON- PRP 44541 716 18 has have VBZ 44541 716 19 laid lay VBN 44541 716 20 down down RP 44541 716 21 ; ; : 44541 716 22 most most JJS 44541 716 23 of of IN 44541 716 24 the the DT 44541 716 25 ideas idea NNS 44541 716 26 which which WDT 44541 716 27 he -PRON- PRP 44541 716 28 was be VBD 44541 716 29 the the DT 44541 716 30 first first JJ 44541 716 31 to to TO 44541 716 32 conceive conceive VB 44541 716 33 , , , 44541 716 34 and and CC 44541 716 35 to to TO 44541 716 36 formulate formulate VB 44541 716 37 by by IN 44541 716 38 inventing invent VBG 44541 716 39 a a DT 44541 716 40 scientific scientific JJ 44541 716 41 terminology terminology NN 44541 716 42 for for IN 44541 716 43 them -PRON- PRP 44541 716 44 , , , 44541 716 45 have have VBP 44541 716 46 become become VBN 44541 716 47 important important JJ 44541 716 48 branches branch NNS 44541 716 49 , , , 44541 716 50 or or CC 44541 716 51 even even RB 44541 716 52 disciplines discipline NNS 44541 716 53 , , , 44541 716 54 of of IN 44541 716 55 the the DT 44541 716 56 science science NN 44541 716 57 . . . 44541 717 1 Most Most JJS 44541 717 2 morphologists morphologist NNS 44541 717 3 of of IN 44541 717 4 the the DT 44541 717 5 younger young JJR 44541 717 6 generations generation NNS 44541 717 7 now now RB 44541 717 8 take take VBP 44541 717 9 these these DT 44541 717 10 terms term NNS 44541 717 11 for for IN 44541 717 12 granted grant VBN 44541 717 13 , , , 44541 717 14 without without IN 44541 717 15 remembering remember VBG 44541 717 16 the the DT 44541 717 17 name name NN 44541 717 18 of of IN 44541 717 19 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 717 20 founder founder NN 44541 717 21 . . . 44541 718 1 It -PRON- PRP 44541 718 2 is be VBZ 44541 718 3 , , , 44541 718 4 therefore therefore RB 44541 718 5 , , , 44541 718 6 perhaps perhaps RB 44541 718 7 not not RB 44541 718 8 quite quite RB 44541 718 9 superfluous superfluous JJ 44541 718 10 to to TO 44541 718 11 mention mention VB 44541 718 12 some some DT 44541 718 13 of of IN 44541 718 14 them -PRON- PRP 44541 718 15 : : : 44541 718 16 _ _ NNP 44541 718 17 Phylum Phylum NNP 44541 718 18 _ _ NNP 44541 718 19 , , , 44541 718 20 or or CC 44541 718 21 stem stem NN 44541 718 22 , , , 44541 718 23 the the DT 44541 718 24 sum sum NN 44541 718 25 total total NN 44541 718 26 of of IN 44541 718 27 all all PDT 44541 718 28 those those DT 44541 718 29 organisms organism NNS 44541 718 30 which which WDT 44541 718 31 have have VBP 44541 718 32 probably probably RB 44541 718 33 descended descend VBN 44541 718 34 from from IN 44541 718 35 one one CD 44541 718 36 common common JJ 44541 718 37 lower low JJR 44541 718 38 form form NN 44541 718 39 . . . 44541 719 1 He -PRON- PRP 44541 719 2 distinguished distinguish VBD 44541 719 3 eight eight CD 44541 719 4 such such JJ 44541 719 5 phyla phyla NN 44541 719 6 -- -- : 44541 719 7 Protozoa Protozoa NNP 44541 719 8 , , , 44541 719 9 Coelenterata Coelenterata NNP 44541 719 10 , , , 44541 719 11 Helminthes Helminthes NNP 44541 719 12 or or CC 44541 719 13 Vermes Vermes NNPS 44541 719 14 , , , 44541 719 15 Tunicata Tunicata NNP 44541 719 16 , , , 44541 719 17 Mollusca Mollusca NNP 44541 719 18 , , , 44541 719 19 Articulata Articulata NNP 44541 719 20 , , , 44541 719 21 and and CC 44541 719 22 Vertebrata Vertebrata NNP 44541 719 23 . . . 44541 720 1 The the DT 44541 720 2 phyla phylum NNS 44541 720 3 are be VBP 44541 720 4 more more RBR 44541 720 5 or or CC 44541 720 6 less less RBR 44541 720 7 analogous analogous JJ 44541 720 8 to to TO 44541 720 9 ' ' POS 44541 720 10 super super NNS 44541 720 11 - - NNS 44541 720 12 classes class NNS 44541 720 13 , , , 44541 720 14 ' ' '' 44541 720 15 large large JJ 44541 720 16 branches branch NNS 44541 720 17 or or CC 44541 720 18 ' ' `` 44541 720 19 circles circle NNS 44541 720 20 , , , 44541 720 21 ' ' '' 44541 720 22 or or CC 44541 720 23 principal principal JJ 44541 720 24 groups group NNS 44541 720 25 of of IN 44541 720 26 other other JJ 44541 720 27 zoologists zoologist NNS 44541 720 28 . . . 44541 721 1 _ _ NNP 44541 721 2 Phylogeny Phylogeny NNP 44541 721 3 _ _ NNP 44541 721 4 , , , 44541 721 5 the the DT 44541 721 6 history history NN 44541 721 7 of of IN 44541 721 8 the the DT 44541 721 9 development development NN 44541 721 10 of of IN 44541 721 11 these these DT 44541 721 12 various various JJ 44541 721 13 phyla phylum NNS 44541 721 14 , , , 44541 721 15 classes class NNS 44541 721 16 , , , 44541 721 17 orders order NNS 44541 721 18 , , , 44541 721 19 families family NNS 44541 721 20 , , , 44541 721 21 and and CC 44541 721 22 species specie NNS 44541 721 23 . . . 44541 722 1 _ _ NNP 44541 722 2 Ontogeny Ontogeny NNP 44541 722 3 _ _ NNP 44541 722 4 , , , 44541 722 5 the the DT 44541 722 6 history history NN 44541 722 7 or or CC 44541 722 8 study study NN 44541 722 9 of of IN 44541 722 10 the the DT 44541 722 11 development development NN 44541 722 12 of of IN 44541 722 13 the the DT 44541 722 14 individual individual NN 44541 722 15 , , , 44541 722 16 generally generally RB 44541 722 17 called call VBN 44541 722 18 embryology embryology NN 44541 722 19 . . . 44541 723 1 In in IN 44541 723 2 reality reality NN 44541 723 3 the the DT 44541 723 4 scope scope NN 44541 723 5 of of IN 44541 723 6 embryology embryology NN 44541 723 7 is be VBZ 44541 723 8 the the DT 44541 723 9 ontogenetic ontogenetic JJ 44541 723 10 study study NN 44541 723 11 of of IN 44541 723 12 the the DT 44541 723 13 various various JJ 44541 723 14 species specie NNS 44541 723 15 , , , 44541 723 16 and and CC 44541 723 17 this this DT 44541 723 18 branch branch NN 44541 723 19 of of IN 44541 723 20 developmental developmental JJ 44541 723 21 study study NN 44541 723 22 alone alone RB 44541 723 23 can can MD 44541 723 24 be be VB 44541 723 25 checked check VBN 44541 723 26 by by IN 44541 723 27 direct direct JJ 44541 723 28 , , , 44541 723 29 ' ' `` 44541 723 30 exact exact JJ 44541 723 31 ' ' '' 44541 723 32 observation observation NN 44541 723 33 , , , 44541 723 34 for for IN 44541 723 35 the the DT 44541 723 36 simple simple JJ 44541 723 37 reason reason NN 44541 723 38 that that WDT 44541 723 39 the the DT 44541 723 40 individuals individual NNS 44541 723 41 alone alone RB 44541 723 42 are be VBP 44541 723 43 entities entity NNS 44541 723 44 , , , 44541 723 45 while while IN 44541 723 46 the the DT 44541 723 47 species specie NNS 44541 723 48 , , , 44541 723 49 genera genera NN 44541 723 50 , , , 44541 723 51 families family NNS 44541 723 52 , , , 44541 723 53 etc etc FW 44541 723 54 . . . 44541 723 55 , , , 44541 723 56 are be VBP 44541 723 57 abstract abstract JJ 44541 723 58 ideas idea NNS 44541 723 59 . . . 44541 724 1 The the DT 44541 724 2 _ _ NNP 44541 724 3 ontogenesis ontogenesis NN 44541 724 4 of of IN 44541 724 5 any any DT 44541 724 6 given give VBN 44541 724 7 living live VBG 44541 724 8 organism organism NN 44541 724 9 is be VBZ 44541 724 10 a a DT 44541 724 11 short short JJ 44541 724 12 , , , 44541 724 13 condensed condensed JJ 44541 724 14 recapitulation recapitulation NN 44541 724 15 of of IN 44541 724 16 its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 724 17 ancestral ancestral JJ 44541 724 18 history history NN 44541 724 19 or or CC 44541 724 20 of of IN 44541 724 21 its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 724 22 phylogenesis phylogenesis NN 44541 724 23 _ _ NNP 44541 724 24 . . . 44541 725 1 This this DT 44541 725 2 is be VBZ 44541 725 3 Haeckel Haeckel NNP 44541 725 4 's 's POS 44541 725 5 ' ' `` 44541 725 6 fundamental fundamental JJ 44541 725 7 biogenetic biogenetic JJ 44541 725 8 law law NN 44541 725 9 . . . 44541 725 10 ' ' '' 44541 726 1 A a DT 44541 726 2 complete complete JJ 44541 726 3 proof proof NN 44541 726 4 of of IN 44541 726 5 the the DT 44541 726 6 phylogeny phylogeny NN 44541 726 7 of of IN 44541 726 8 any any DT 44541 726 9 creature creature NN 44541 726 10 would would MD 44541 726 11 be be VB 44541 726 12 given give VBN 44541 726 13 by by IN 44541 726 14 the the DT 44541 726 15 preservation preservation NN 44541 726 16 of of IN 44541 726 17 an an DT 44541 726 18 unbroken unbroken JJ 44541 726 19 series series NN 44541 726 20 of of IN 44541 726 21 all all PDT 44541 726 22 its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 726 23 fossil fossil JJ 44541 726 24 ancestors ancestor NNS 44541 726 25 . . . 44541 727 1 Such such PDT 44541 727 2 a a DT 44541 727 3 series series NN 44541 727 4 will will MD 44541 727 5 in in IN 44541 727 6 most most JJS 44541 727 7 cases case NNS 44541 727 8 , , , 44541 727 9 for for IN 44541 727 10 obvious obvious JJ 44541 727 11 reasons reason NNS 44541 727 12 , , , 44541 727 13 always always RB 44541 727 14 remain remain VB 44541 727 15 a a DT 44541 727 16 desideratum desideratum NN 44541 727 17 . . . 44541 728 1 In in IN 44541 728 2 a a DT 44541 728 3 few few JJ 44541 728 4 cases case NNS 44541 728 5 , , , 44541 728 6 however however RB 44541 728 7 , , , 44541 728 8 the the DT 44541 728 9 desideratum desideratum NN 44541 728 10 is be VBZ 44541 728 11 nearly nearly RB 44541 728 12 met meet VBN 44541 728 13 : : : 44541 728 14 for for IN 44541 728 15 example example NN 44541 728 16 , , , 44541 728 17 the the DT 44541 728 18 ancestral ancestral JJ 44541 728 19 line line NN 44541 728 20 of of IN 44541 728 21 the the DT 44541 728 22 one one CD 44541 728 23 - - HYPH 44541 728 24 toed toe VBN 44541 728 25 digitigrade digitigrade NN 44541 728 26 horse horse NN 44541 728 27 from from IN 44541 728 28 a a DT 44541 728 29 four four CD 44541 728 30 - - HYPH 44541 728 31 or or CC 44541 728 32 five five CD 44541 728 33 - - HYPH 44541 728 34 toed toed CD 44541 728 35 plantigrade plantigrade NN 44541 728 36 and and CC 44541 728 37 still still RB 44541 728 38 very very RB 44541 728 39 generalized generalized JJ 44541 728 40 Ungulate Ungulate NNP 44541 728 41 is be VBZ 44541 728 42 approaching approach VBG 44541 728 43 completion completion NN 44541 728 44 . . . 44541 729 1 Phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ 44541 729 2 study study NN 44541 729 3 has have VBZ 44541 729 4 to to TO 44541 729 5 rely rely VB 44541 729 6 upon upon IN 44541 729 7 other other JJ 44541 729 8 help help NN 44541 729 9 . . . 44541 730 1 This this DT 44541 730 2 is be VBZ 44541 730 3 afforded afford VBN 44541 730 4 by by IN 44541 730 5 comparative comparative JJ 44541 730 6 anatomy anatomy NN 44541 730 7 and and CC 44541 730 8 by by IN 44541 730 9 the the DT 44541 730 10 study study NN 44541 730 11 of of IN 44541 730 12 ontogeny ontogeny NNP 44541 730 13 . . . 44541 731 1 If if IN 44541 731 2 the the DT 44541 731 3 latter latter NN 44541 731 4 were be VBD 44541 731 5 a a DT 44541 731 6 faithful faithful JJ 44541 731 7 , , , 44541 731 8 unbroken unbroken JJ 44541 731 9 recapitulation recapitulation NN 44541 731 10 of of IN 44541 731 11 all all PDT 44541 731 12 the the DT 44541 731 13 stages stage NNS 44541 731 14 through through IN 44541 731 15 which which WDT 44541 731 16 the the DT 44541 731 17 ancestors ancestor NNS 44541 731 18 have have VBP 44541 731 19 passed pass VBN 44541 731 20 , , , 44541 731 21 the the DT 44541 731 22 whole whole JJ 44541 731 23 matter matter NN 44541 731 24 would would MD 44541 731 25 be be VB 44541 731 26 very very RB 44541 731 27 simple simple JJ 44541 731 28 ; ; : 44541 731 29 but but CC 44541 731 30 we -PRON- PRP 44541 731 31 know know VBP 44541 731 32 for for IN 44541 731 33 certain certain JJ 44541 731 34 that that IN 44541 731 35 in in IN 44541 731 36 the the DT 44541 731 37 individual individual JJ 44541 731 38 development development NN 44541 731 39 many many JJ 44541 731 40 stages stage NNS 44541 731 41 are be VBP 44541 731 42 left leave VBN 44541 731 43 out out RP 44541 731 44 ( ( -LRB- 44541 731 45 or or CC 44541 731 46 , , , 44541 731 47 rather rather RB 44541 731 48 , , , 44541 731 49 are be VBP 44541 731 50 hurried hurry VBN 44541 731 51 through through IN 44541 731 52 , , , 44541 731 53 and and CC 44541 731 54 are be VBP 44541 731 55 so so RB 44541 731 56 condensed condense VBN 44541 731 57 by by IN 44541 731 58 short short JJ 44541 731 59 - - HYPH 44541 731 60 cuts cut NNS 44541 731 61 being be VBG 44541 731 62 taken take VBN 44541 731 63 that that IN 44541 731 64 we -PRON- PRP 44541 731 65 can can MD 44541 731 66 not not RB 44541 731 67 observe observe VB 44541 731 68 them -PRON- PRP 44541 731 69 ) ) -RRB- 44541 731 70 , , , 44541 731 71 while while IN 44541 731 72 other other JJ 44541 731 73 features feature NNS 44541 731 74 which which WDT 44541 731 75 have have VBP 44541 731 76 been be VBN 44541 731 77 introduced introduce VBN 44541 731 78 obscure obscure JJ 44541 731 79 , , , 44541 731 80 and and CC 44541 731 81 occasionally occasionally RB 44541 731 82 modify modify VBP 44541 731 83 beyond beyond IN 44541 731 84 recognition recognition NN 44541 731 85 , , , 44541 731 86 the the DT 44541 731 87 original original JJ 44541 731 88 course course NN 44541 731 89 . . . 44541 732 1 Again again RB 44541 732 2 , , , 44541 732 3 the the DT 44541 732 4 sequence sequence NN 44541 732 5 of of IN 44541 732 6 the the DT 44541 732 7 appearance appearance NN 44541 732 8 of of IN 44541 732 9 the the DT 44541 732 10 various various JJ 44541 732 11 organs organ NNS 44541 732 12 is be VBZ 44541 732 13 frequently frequently RB 44541 732 14 upset upset VBN 44541 732 15 ( ( -LRB- 44541 732 16 _ _ NNP 44541 732 17 heterochronism heterochronism NN 44541 732 18 _ _ NNP 44541 732 19 ) ) -RRB- 44541 732 20 . . . 44541 733 1 Some some DT 44541 733 2 organs organ NNS 44541 733 3 are be VBP 44541 733 4 accelerated accelerate VBN 44541 733 5 in in IN 44541 733 6 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 733 7 development development NN 44541 733 8 , , , 44541 733 9 while while IN 44541 733 10 others other NNS 44541 733 11 , , , 44541 733 12 which which WDT 44541 733 13 we -PRON- PRP 44541 733 14 know know VBP 44541 733 15 to to TO 44541 733 16 be be VB 44541 733 17 phylogenetically phylogenetically RB 44541 733 18 older old JJR 44541 733 19 , , , 44541 733 20 are be VBP 44541 733 21 retarded retard VBN 44541 733 22 in in IN 44541 733 23 making make VBG 44541 733 24 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 733 25 reappearance reappearance NN 44541 733 26 in in IN 44541 733 27 the the DT 44541 733 28 embryo embryo NN 44541 733 29 . . . 44541 734 1 These these DT 44541 734 2 disturbing disturbing JJ 44541 734 3 or or CC 44541 734 4 distorting distort VBG 44541 734 5 newly newly RB 44541 734 6 introduced introduce VBN 44541 734 7 features feature NNS 44541 734 8 or or CC 44541 734 9 factors factor NNS 44541 734 10 show show VBP 44541 734 11 themselves -PRON- PRP 44541 734 12 chiefly chiefly RB 44541 734 13 in in IN 44541 734 14 connection connection NN 44541 734 15 with with IN 44541 734 16 the the DT 44541 734 17 embryonic embryonic JJ 44541 734 18 conditions condition NNS 44541 734 19 of of IN 44541 734 20 growth growth NN 44541 734 21 -- -- : 44541 734 22 for for IN 44541 734 23 example example NN 44541 734 24 , , , 44541 734 25 yolk yolk NN 44541 734 26 - - HYPH 44541 734 27 sac sac NN 44541 734 28 , , , 44541 734 29 placenta placenta NNP 44541 734 30 , , , 44541 734 31 amnion amnion NN 44541 734 32 . . . 44541 735 1 They -PRON- PRP 44541 735 2 all all DT 44541 735 3 come come VBP 44541 735 4 within within IN 44541 735 5 the the DT 44541 735 6 category category NN 44541 735 7 of of IN 44541 735 8 _ _ NNP 44541 735 9 cænogenesis cænogenesis NN 44541 735 10 _ _ NNP 44541 735 11 : : : 44541 735 12 they -PRON- PRP 44541 735 13 are be VBP 44541 735 14 cænogenetic cænogenetic JJ 44541 735 15 , , , 44541 735 16 while while IN 44541 735 17 the the DT 44541 735 18 true true JJ 44541 735 19 , , , 44541 735 20 undisturbed undisturbed JJ 44541 735 21 recapitulation recapitulation NN 44541 735 22 is be VBZ 44541 735 23 _ _ NNP 44541 735 24 palingenetic palingenetic JJ 44541 735 25 _ _ NNP 44541 735 26 . . . 44541 736 1 Lastly lastly RB 44541 736 2 , , , 44541 736 3 some some DT 44541 736 4 features feature NNS 44541 736 5 , , , 44541 736 6 so so RB 44541 736 7 - - HYPH 44541 736 8 called call VBN 44541 736 9 rudimentary rudimentary JJ 44541 736 10 or or CC 44541 736 11 vestigial vestigial JJ 44541 736 12 organs organ NNS 44541 736 13 , , , 44541 736 14 instead instead RB 44541 736 15 of of IN 44541 736 16 disappearing disappear VBG 44541 736 17 , , , 44541 736 18 are be VBP 44541 736 19 most most RBS 44541 736 20 tenacious tenacious JJ 44541 736 21 in in IN 44541 736 22 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 736 23 recurrence recurrence NN 44541 736 24 , , , 44541 736 25 while while IN 44541 736 26 others other NNS 44541 736 27 of of IN 44541 736 28 originally originally RB 44541 736 29 fundamental fundamental JJ 44541 736 30 importance importance NN 44541 736 31 scarcely scarcely RB 44541 736 32 leave leave VBP 44541 736 33 recognisable recognisable JJ 44541 736 34 traces trace NNS 44541 736 35 , , , 44541 736 36 and and CC 44541 736 37 are be VBP 44541 736 38 , , , 44541 736 39 so so RB 44541 736 40 to to TO 44541 736 41 speak speak VB 44541 736 42 , , , 44541 736 43 only only RB 44541 736 44 hinted hint VBN 44541 736 45 at at IN 44541 736 46 during during IN 44541 736 47 the the DT 44541 736 48 embryonic embryonic JJ 44541 736 49 growth growth NN 44541 736 50 of of IN 44541 736 51 the the DT 44541 736 52 creature creature NN 44541 736 53 we -PRON- PRP 44541 736 54 happen happen VBP 44541 736 55 to to TO 44541 736 56 study study VB 44541 736 57 . . . 44541 737 1 Hence hence RB 44541 737 2 arises arise VBZ 44541 737 3 the the DT 44541 737 4 philosophical philosophical JJ 44541 737 5 study study NN 44541 737 6 of of IN 44541 737 7 ' ' `` 44541 737 8 Dysteleology dysteleology NN 44541 737 9 . . . 44541 737 10 ' ' '' 44541 738 1 Among among IN 44541 738 2 other other JJ 44541 738 3 terms term NNS 44541 738 4 invented invent VBN 44541 738 5 by by IN 44541 738 6 Haeckel Haeckel NNP 44541 738 7 , , , 44541 738 8 and and CC 44541 738 9 now now RB 44541 738 10 in in IN 44541 738 11 general general JJ 44541 738 12 use use NN 44541 738 13 , , , 44541 738 14 are be VBP 44541 738 15 _ _ NNP 44541 738 16 Metamere Metamere NNP 44541 738 17 _ _ NNP 44541 738 18 , , , 44541 738 19 _ _ NNP 44541 738 20 Metamerism Metamerism NNP 44541 738 21 _ _ NNP 44541 738 22 , , , 44541 738 23 _ _ NNP 44541 738 24 Coelom Coelom NNP 44541 738 25 _ _ NNP 44541 738 26 , , , 44541 738 27 _ _ NNP 44541 738 28 Gonochorism Gonochorism NNP 44541 738 29 _ _ NNP 44541 738 30 , , , 44541 738 31 _ _ NNP 44541 738 32 Gastrula Gastrula NNP 44541 738 33 _ _ NNP 44541 738 34 , , , 44541 738 35 _ _ NNP 44541 738 36 Metazoa Metazoa NNP 44541 738 37 _ _ NNP 44541 738 38 , , , 44541 738 39 _ _ NNP 44541 738 40 Gnathostomata Gnathostomata NNP 44541 738 41 _ _ NNP 44541 738 42 , , , 44541 738 43 _ _ NNP 44541 738 44 Acrania Acrania NNP 44541 738 45 _ _ NNP 44541 738 46 , , , 44541 738 47 _ _ NNP 44541 738 48 Craniota Craniota NNP 44541 738 49 _ _ NNP 44541 738 50 , , , 44541 738 51 and and CC 44541 738 52 _ _ NNP 44541 738 53 Amniota Amniota NNP 44541 738 54 _ _ NNP 44541 738 55 . . . 44541 739 1 Hitherto Hitherto NNP 44541 739 2 we -PRON- PRP 44541 739 3 have have VBP 44541 739 4 dealt deal VBN 44541 739 5 with with IN 44541 739 6 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 739 7 general general JJ 44541 739 8 work work NN 44541 739 9 only only RB 44541 739 10 , , , 44541 739 11 a a DT 44541 739 12 résumé résumé NN 44541 739 13 of of IN 44541 739 14 which which WDT 44541 739 15 he -PRON- PRP 44541 739 16 gave give VBD 44541 739 17 for for IN 44541 739 18 many many JJ 44541 739 19 years year NNS 44541 739 20 in in IN 44541 739 21 a a DT 44541 739 22 course course NN 44541 739 23 of of IN 44541 739 24 thirty thirty CD 44541 739 25 lectures lecture NNS 44541 739 26 before before IN 44541 739 27 an an DT 44541 739 28 audience audience NN 44541 739 29 composed compose VBN 44541 739 30 of of IN 44541 739 31 ' ' `` 44541 739 32 all all DT 44541 739 33 sorts sort NNS 44541 739 34 and and CC 44541 739 35 conditions condition NNS 44541 739 36 of of IN 44541 739 37 men man NNS 44541 739 38 . . . 44541 739 39 ' ' '' 44541 740 1 Students student NNS 44541 740 2 of of IN 44541 740 3 biology biology NN 44541 740 4 and and CC 44541 740 5 of of IN 44541 740 6 medicine medicine NN 44541 740 7 side side NN 44541 740 8 by by IN 44541 740 9 side side NN 44541 740 10 with with IN 44541 740 11 theologians theologian NNS 44541 740 12 , , , 44541 740 13 incipient incipient JJ 44541 740 14 and and CC 44541 740 15 ordained ordain VBN 44541 740 16 , , , 44541 740 17 jurists jurist NNS 44541 740 18 , , , 44541 740 19 political political JJ 44541 740 20 economists economist NNS 44541 740 21 , , , 44541 740 22 and and CC 44541 740 23 philosophers philosopher NNS 44541 740 24 , , , 44541 740 25 crowded crowd VBD 44541 740 26 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 740 27 lecture lecture JJ 44541 740 28 - - HYPH 44541 740 29 room room NN 44541 740 30 during during IN 44541 740 31 the the DT 44541 740 32 ' ' `` 44541 740 33 seventies seventy NNS 44541 740 34 to to TO 44541 740 35 hear hear VB 44541 740 36 the the DT 44541 740 37 master master NN 44541 740 38 explaining explain VBG 44541 740 39 the the DT 44541 740 40 ' ' `` 44541 740 41 natural natural JJ 44541 740 42 history history NN 44541 740 43 of of IN 44541 740 44 creation creation NN 44541 740 45 ' ' '' 44541 740 46 or or CC 44541 740 47 the the DT 44541 740 48 mysteries mystery NNS 44541 740 49 of of IN 44541 740 50 anthropogenesis anthropogenesis NN 44541 740 51 . . . 44541 741 1 Another another DT 44541 741 2 course course NN 44541 741 3 of of IN 44541 741 4 eighty eighty CD 44541 741 5 lectures lecture NNS 44541 741 6 during during IN 44541 741 7 the the DT 44541 741 8 winter winter NN 44541 741 9 semester semester NN 44541 741 10 was be VBD 44541 741 11 , , , 44541 741 12 and and CC 44541 741 13 still still RB 44541 741 14 is be VBZ 44541 741 15 , , , 44541 741 16 devoted devoted JJ 44541 741 17 to to IN 44541 741 18 a a DT 44541 741 19 systematic systematic JJ 44541 741 20 treatment treatment NN 44541 741 21 of of IN 44541 741 22 zoology zoology NN 44541 741 23 , , , 44541 741 24 while while IN 44541 741 25 practical practical JJ 44541 741 26 classes class NNS 44541 741 27 are be VBP 44541 741 28 reserved reserve VBN 44541 741 29 for for IN 44541 741 30 the the DT 44541 741 31 more more RBR 44541 741 32 select select JJ 44541 741 33 . . . 44541 742 1 His -PRON- PRP$ 44541 742 2 winning win VBG 44541 742 3 personality personality NN 44541 742 4 and and CC 44541 742 5 fascinating fascinating JJ 44541 742 6 eloquence eloquence NN 44541 742 7 , , , 44541 742 8 combined combine VBN 44541 742 9 with with IN 44541 742 10 a a DT 44541 742 11 clear clear JJ 44541 742 12 and and CC 44541 742 13 concise concise JJ 44541 742 14 delivery delivery NN 44541 742 15 , , , 44541 742 16 have have VBP 44541 742 17 gained gain VBN 44541 742 18 the the DT 44541 742 19 enthusiastic enthusiastic JJ 44541 742 20 admiration admiration NN 44541 742 21 of of IN 44541 742 22 many many PDT 44541 742 23 a a DT 44541 742 24 student student NN 44541 742 25 who who WP 44541 742 26 went go VBD 44541 742 27 to to IN 44541 742 28 the the DT 44541 742 29 quiet quiet JJ 44541 742 30 University University NNP 44541 742 31 town town NN 44541 742 32 in in IN 44541 742 33 order order NN 44541 742 34 to to TO 44541 742 35 learn learn VB 44541 742 36 with with IN 44541 742 37 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 742 38 own own JJ 44541 742 39 ears ear NNS 44541 742 40 and and CC 44541 742 41 eyes eye NNS 44541 742 42 . . . 44541 743 1 _ _ NNP 44541 743 2 List List NNP 44541 743 3 of of IN 44541 743 4 Separate Separate NNP 44541 743 5 Publications Publications NNPS 44541 743 6 by by IN 44541 743 7 Professor Professor NNP 44541 743 8 Haeckel Haeckel NNP 44541 743 9 . . . 44541 743 10 _ _ NNP 44541 743 11 ' ' POS 44541 743 12 Biologische Biologische NNP 44541 743 13 Studien Studien NNP 44541 743 14 . . . 44541 744 1 I. i. NN 44541 744 2 : : : 44541 744 3 Studien Studien NNP 44541 744 4 ueber ueber NN 44541 744 5 die die VBP 44541 744 6 Moneren Moneren NNP 44541 744 7 und und RB 44541 744 8 andere andere RB 44541 744 9 Protisten Protisten NNP 44541 744 10 . . . 44541 744 11 ' ' '' 44541 745 1 Leipzig Leipzig NNP 44541 745 2 , , , 44541 745 3 1870 1870 CD 44541 745 4 ( ( -LRB- 44541 745 5 out out IN 44541 745 6 of of IN 44541 745 7 print print NN 44541 745 8 ) ) -RRB- 44541 745 9 . . . 44541 746 1 He -PRON- PRP 44541 746 2 was be VBD 44541 746 3 the the DT 44541 746 4 first first JJ 44541 746 5 to to TO 44541 746 6 make make VB 44541 746 7 observations observation NNS 44541 746 8 on on IN 44541 746 9 the the DT 44541 746 10 natural natural JJ 44541 746 11 history history NN 44541 746 12 of of IN 44541 746 13 the the DT 44541 746 14 Monera Monera NNP 44541 746 15 , , , 44541 746 16 living live VBG 44541 746 17 bits bit NNS 44541 746 18 of of IN 44541 746 19 protoplasm protoplasm NN 44541 746 20 , , , 44541 746 21 devoid devoid JJ 44541 746 22 even even RB 44541 746 23 of of IN 44541 746 24 a a DT 44541 746 25 nucleus--_e.g nucleus--_e.g NN 44541 746 26 . . . 44541 746 27 _ _ NNP 44541 746 28 , , , 44541 746 29 _ _ NNP 44541 746 30 Protogenes Protogenes NNPS 44541 746 31 primordialis primordialis NNP 44541 746 32 _ _ NNP 44541 746 33 , , , 44541 746 34 _ _ NNP 44541 746 35 Protomyxa Protomyxa NNP 44541 746 36 aurantiaca aurantiaca NN 44541 746 37 _ _ NNP 44541 746 38 . . . 44541 747 1 ' ' `` 44541 747 2 Monographie Monographie NNP 44541 747 3 der der VBP 44541 747 4 Radiolarien Radiolarien NNP 44541 747 5 . . . 44541 747 6 ' ' '' 44541 748 1 Berlin Berlin NNP 44541 748 2 , , , 44541 748 3 1862 1862 CD 44541 748 4 - - SYM 44541 748 5 88 88 CD 44541 748 6 . . . 44541 749 1 With with IN 44541 749 2 171 171 CD 44541 749 3 plates plate NNS 44541 749 4 . . . 44541 750 1 ' ' `` 44541 750 2 Entwicklungsgeschichte Entwicklungsgeschichte NNP 44541 750 3 der der VBD 44541 750 4 Siphonophoren Siphonophoren NNP 44541 750 5 . . . 44541 750 6 ' ' '' 44541 751 1 Utrecht Utrecht NNP 44541 751 2 , , , 44541 751 3 1869 1869 CD 44541 751 4 . . . 44541 752 1 ' ' `` 44541 752 2 Plankton Plankton NNP 44541 752 3 - - HYPH 44541 752 4 Studien Studien NNP 44541 752 5 . . . 44541 753 1 Vergleichende Vergleichende NNP 44541 753 2 Untersuchungen Untersuchungen NNP 44541 753 3 ueber ueber NN 44541 753 4 die die VBP 44541 753 5 Bedeutung Bedeutung NNP 44541 753 6 und und JJ 44541 753 7 Zusammensetzung Zusammensetzung NNP 44541 753 8 der der NN 44541 753 9 pelagischen pelagischen NNP 44541 753 10 Fauna Fauna NNP 44541 753 11 und und VBD 44541 753 12 Flora Flora NNP 44541 753 13 . . . 44541 753 14 ' ' '' 44541 754 1 Jena Jena NNP 44541 754 2 , , , 44541 754 3 1880 1880 CD 44541 754 4 . . . 44541 755 1 ' ' `` 44541 755 2 Metagenesis metagenesis NN 44541 755 3 und und NN 44541 755 4 Hypogenesis Hypogenesis NNP 44541 755 5 von von NNP 44541 755 6 Aurelia Aurelia NNP 44541 755 7 aurita aurita NNS 44541 755 8 . . . 44541 755 9 ' ' '' 44541 756 1 Jena Jena NNP 44541 756 2 , , , 44541 756 3 1881 1881 CD 44541 756 4 . . . 44541 757 1 ' ' `` 44541 757 2 Monographie Monographie NNP 44541 757 3 der der VBD 44541 757 4 Geryoniden Geryoniden NNP 44541 757 5 oder oder NN 44541 757 6 Ruesselquallen Ruesselquallen NNP 44541 757 7 . . . 44541 757 8 ' ' '' 44541 758 1 Leipzig Leipzig NNP 44541 758 2 , , , 44541 758 3 1865 1865 CD 44541 758 4 . . . 44541 759 1 ' ' `` 44541 759 2 Generelle Generelle NNP 44541 759 3 Morphologie Morphologie NNP 44541 759 4 der der VB 44541 759 5 Organismen Organismen NNP 44541 759 6 . . . 44541 759 7 ' ' '' 44541 760 1 2 2 CD 44541 760 2 vols vol NNS 44541 760 3 . . . 44541 761 1 Berlin Berlin NNP 44541 761 2 , , , 44541 761 3 1866 1866 CD 44541 761 4 . . . 44541 762 1 ' ' `` 44541 762 2 Anthropogenie Anthropogenie NNP 44541 762 3 oder oder NN 44541 762 4 Entwicklungsgeschichte Entwicklungsgeschichte NNP 44541 762 5 des des NNP 44541 762 6 Menschen Menschen NNP 44541 762 7 , , , 44541 762 8 ' ' '' 44541 762 9 1874 1874 CD 44541 762 10 ; ; : 44541 762 11 4th 4th JJ 44541 762 12 edition edition NN 44541 762 13 , , , 44541 762 14 1891 1891 CD 44541 762 15 . . . 44541 763 1 ' ' `` 44541 763 2 Natuerliche Natuerliche NNP 44541 763 3 Schoepfungs Schoepfungs NNP 44541 763 4 - - HYPH 44541 763 5 Geschichte Geschichte NNP 44541 763 6 . . . 44541 763 7 ' ' '' 44541 764 1 2 2 CD 44541 764 2 vols vol NNS 44541 764 3 . . . 44541 765 1 Berlin Berlin NNP 44541 765 2 , , , 44541 765 3 1st 1st JJ 44541 765 4 edition edition NN 44541 765 5 , , , 44541 765 6 1868 1868 CD 44541 765 7 ; ; : 44541 765 8 9th 9th JJ 44541 765 9 edition edition NN 44541 765 10 , , , 44541 765 11 1898 1898 CD 44541 765 12 . . . 44541 766 1 This this DT 44541 766 2 work work NN 44541 766 3 has have VBZ 44541 766 4 been be VBN 44541 766 5 translated translate VBN 44541 766 6 into into IN 44541 766 7 most most JJS 44541 766 8 European european JJ 44541 766 9 languages language NNS 44541 766 10 ( ( -LRB- 44541 766 11 the the DT 44541 766 12 first first JJ 44541 766 13 edition edition NN 44541 766 14 in in IN 44541 766 15 English English NNP 44541 766 16 , , , 44541 766 17 under under IN 44541 766 18 the the DT 44541 766 19 title title NN 44541 766 20 ' ' `` 44541 766 21 Natural Natural NNP 44541 766 22 History history NN 44541 766 23 of of IN 44541 766 24 Creation Creation NNP 44541 766 25 ' ' '' 44541 766 26 in in IN 44541 766 27 1873 1873 CD 44541 766 28 ; ; : 44541 766 29 the the DT 44541 766 30 eighth eighth JJ 44541 766 31 in in IN 44541 766 32 1892 1892 CD 44541 766 33 ) ) -RRB- 44541 766 34 . . . 44541 767 1 ' ' `` 44541 767 2 Monographie Monographie NNP 44541 767 3 der der VBD 44541 767 4 Kalkschwaemme Kalkschwaemme NNP 44541 767 5 . . . 44541 767 6 ' ' '' 44541 768 1 3 3 CD 44541 768 2 vols vol NNS 44541 768 3 . . . 44541 769 1 Berlin Berlin NNP 44541 769 2 , , , 44541 769 3 1872 1872 CD 44541 769 4 ( ( -LRB- 44541 769 5 out out IN 44541 769 6 of of IN 44541 769 7 print print NN 44541 769 8 ) ) -RRB- 44541 769 9 . . . 44541 770 1 With with IN 44541 770 2 the the DT 44541 770 3 subtitle subtitle NN 44541 770 4 , , , 44541 770 5 ' ' '' 44541 770 6 An an DT 44541 770 7 Attempt attempt NN 44541 770 8 to to TO 44541 770 9 solve solve VB 44541 770 10 analytically analytically RB 44541 770 11 the the DT 44541 770 12 Problem problem NN 44541 770 13 of of IN 44541 770 14 the the DT 44541 770 15 Origin Origin NNP 44541 770 16 of of IN 44541 770 17 Species Species NNP 44541 770 18 . . . 44541 770 19 ' ' '' 44541 771 1 In in IN 44541 771 2 this this DT 44541 771 3 work work NN 44541 771 4 , , , 44541 771 5 illustrated illustrate VBN 44541 771 6 by by IN 44541 771 7 sixty sixty CD 44541 771 8 plates plate NNS 44541 771 9 , , , 44541 771 10 he -PRON- PRP 44541 771 11 showed show VBD 44541 771 12 that that IN 44541 771 13 the the DT 44541 771 14 Calcispongia Calcispongia NNP 44541 771 15 are be VBP 44541 771 16 individually individually RB 44541 771 17 so so RB 44541 771 18 yielding yielding JJ 44541 771 19 , , , 44541 771 20 so so RB 44541 771 21 adaptive adaptive JJ 44541 771 22 to to IN 44541 771 23 external external JJ 44541 771 24 influences influence NNS 44541 771 25 , , , 44541 771 26 that that IN 44541 771 27 it -PRON- PRP 44541 771 28 is be VBZ 44541 771 29 practically practically RB 44541 771 30 impossible impossible JJ 44541 771 31 to to TO 44541 771 32 break break VB 44541 771 33 up up RP 44541 771 34 the the DT 44541 771 35 whole whole JJ 44541 771 36 group group NN 44541 771 37 into into IN 44541 771 38 anything anything NN 44541 771 39 like like IN 44541 771 40 satisfactory satisfactory JJ 44541 771 41 species specie NNS 44541 771 42 or or CC 44541 771 43 genera genera NN 44541 771 44 . . . 44541 772 1 According accord VBG 44541 772 2 to to IN 44541 772 3 predilection predilection NN 44541 772 4 , , , 44541 772 5 we -PRON- PRP 44541 772 6 can can MD 44541 772 7 distinguish distinguish VB 44541 772 8 either either CC 44541 772 9 1 1 CD 44541 772 10 genus genus NN 44541 772 11 with with IN 44541 772 12 only only RB 44541 772 13 3 3 CD 44541 772 14 species specie NNS 44541 772 15 , , , 44541 772 16 or or CC 44541 772 17 3 3 CD 44541 772 18 , , , 44541 772 19 21 21 CD 44541 772 20 , , , 44541 772 21 43 43 CD 44541 772 22 genera genera NN 44541 772 23 , , , 44541 772 24 with with IN 44541 772 25 21 21 CD 44541 772 26 , , , 44541 772 27 111 111 CD 44541 772 28 , , , 44541 772 29 181 181 CD 44541 772 30 , , , 44541 772 31 or or CC 44541 772 32 289 289 CD 44541 772 33 species specie NNS 44541 772 34 respectively respectively RB 44541 772 35 . . . 44541 773 1 In in IN 44541 773 2 this this DT 44541 773 3 work work NN 44541 773 4 , , , 44541 773 5 in in IN 44541 773 6 1872 1872 CD 44541 773 7 , , , 44541 773 8 Haeckel Haeckel NNP 44541 773 9 established establish VBD 44541 773 10 the the DT 44541 773 11 homology homology NN 44541 773 12 of of IN 44541 773 13 the the DT 44541 773 14 two two CD 44541 773 15 primary primary JJ 44541 773 16 layers layer NNS 44541 773 17 , , , 44541 773 18 ecto- ecto- NNS 44541 773 19 and and CC 44541 773 20 endoderm endoderm NN 44541 773 21 , , , 44541 773 22 throughout throughout IN 44541 773 23 the the DT 44541 773 24 Metazoa Metazoa NNP 44541 773 25 . . . 44541 774 1 The the DT 44541 774 2 attempt attempt NN 44541 774 3 to to TO 44541 774 4 do do VB 44541 774 5 the the DT 44541 774 6 same same JJ 44541 774 7 for for IN 44541 774 8 the the DT 44541 774 9 four four CD 44541 774 10 secondary secondary JJ 44541 774 11 layers layer NNS 44541 774 12 , , , 44541 774 13 as as IN 44541 774 14 made make VBN 44541 774 15 in in IN 44541 774 16 the the DT 44541 774 17 second second JJ 44541 774 18 part part NN 44541 774 19 of of IN 44541 774 20 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 774 21 ' ' `` 44541 774 22 Gastræa Gastræa NNP 44541 774 23 - - HYPH 44541 774 24 theory theory NN 44541 774 25 , , , 44541 774 26 ' ' '' 44541 774 27 failed fail VBD 44541 774 28 . . . 44541 775 1 It -PRON- PRP 44541 775 2 caused cause VBD 44541 775 3 an an DT 44541 775 4 enormous enormous JJ 44541 775 5 amount amount NN 44541 775 6 of of IN 44541 775 7 research research NN 44541 775 8 , , , 44541 775 9 hitherto hitherto VBN 44541 775 10 without without IN 44541 775 11 a a DT 44541 775 12 satisfactory satisfactory JJ 44541 775 13 solution solution NN 44541 775 14 of of IN 44541 775 15 the the DT 44541 775 16 problem problem NN 44541 775 17 . . . 44541 776 1 ' ' '' 44541 776 2 Studien Studien NNP 44541 776 3 zur zur NNP 44541 776 4 Gastræa Gastræa NNP 44541 776 5 - - HYPH 44541 776 6 Theorie Theorie NNP 44541 776 7 . . . 44541 776 8 ' ' '' 44541 777 1 Jena Jena NNP 44541 777 2 , , , 44541 777 3 1874 1874 CD 44541 777 4 . . . 44541 778 1 The the DT 44541 778 2 transformation transformation NN 44541 778 3 of of IN 44541 778 4 the the DT 44541 778 5 single single JJ 44541 778 6 primitive primitive JJ 44541 778 7 egg egg NN 44541 778 8 - - HYPH 44541 778 9 cell cell NN 44541 778 10 by by IN 44541 778 11 cleavage cleavage NN 44541 778 12 into into IN 44541 778 13 a a DT 44541 778 14 globular globular JJ 44541 778 15 mass mass NN 44541 778 16 of of IN 44541 778 17 cells cell NNS 44541 778 18 ( ( -LRB- 44541 778 19 Morula)--which Morula)--which NNP 44541 778 20 latter latter NNP 44541 778 21 , , , 44541 778 22 becoming become VBG 44541 778 23 hollow hollow JJ 44541 778 24 ( ( -LRB- 44541 778 25 and and CC 44541 778 26 then then RB 44541 778 27 known know VBN 44541 778 28 as as IN 44541 778 29 the the DT 44541 778 30 Blastula Blastula NNP 44541 778 31 ) ) -RRB- 44541 778 32 , , , 44541 778 33 turns turn VBZ 44541 778 34 ultimately ultimately RB 44541 778 35 by by IN 44541 778 36 invagination invagination NN 44541 778 37 or or CC 44541 778 38 by by IN 44541 778 39 delamination delamination NN 44541 778 40 into into IN 44541 778 41 the the DT 44541 778 42 Gastrula Gastrula NNP 44541 778 43 -- -- : 44541 778 44 is be VBZ 44541 778 45 a a DT 44541 778 46 series series NN 44541 778 47 of of IN 44541 778 48 processes process NNS 44541 778 49 which which WDT 44541 778 50 applies apply VBZ 44541 778 51 to to IN 44541 778 52 all all DT 44541 778 53 Metazoa Metazoa NNP 44541 778 54 . . . 44541 779 1 The the DT 44541 779 2 Gastrula Gastrula NNP 44541 779 3 is be VBZ 44541 779 4 , , , 44541 779 5 therefore therefore RB 44541 779 6 , , , 44541 779 7 the the DT 44541 779 8 ancestral ancestral JJ 44541 779 9 form form NN 44541 779 10 of of IN 44541 779 11 the the DT 44541 779 12 Metazoa Metazoa NNP 44541 779 13 ; ; : 44541 779 14 and and CC 44541 779 15 the the DT 44541 779 16 Gastræa Gastræa NNP 44541 779 17 - - HYPH 44541 779 18 theory theory NN 44541 779 19 , , , 44541 779 20 founded found VBN 44541 779 21 by by IN 44541 779 22 Haeckel Haeckel NNP 44541 779 23 , , , 44541 779 24 throws throw VBZ 44541 779 25 light light NN 44541 779 26 , , , 44541 779 27 on on IN 44541 779 28 the the DT 44541 779 29 one one CD 44541 779 30 hand hand NN 44541 779 31 , , , 44541 779 32 upon upon IN 44541 779 33 the the DT 44541 779 34 mystery mystery NN 44541 779 35 of of IN 44541 779 36 the the DT 44541 779 37 phyletic phyletic JJ 44541 779 38 connection connection NN 44541 779 39 of of IN 44541 779 40 the the DT 44541 779 41 various various JJ 44541 779 42 animal animal NN 44541 779 43 groups group NNS 44541 779 44 , , , 44541 779 45 while while IN 44541 779 46 , , , 44541 779 47 on on IN 44541 779 48 the the DT 44541 779 49 other other JJ 44541 779 50 hand hand NN 44541 779 51 , , , 44541 779 52 it -PRON- PRP 44541 779 53 connects connect VBZ 44541 779 54 the the DT 44541 779 55 Metazoa Metazoa NNP 44541 779 56 , , , 44541 779 57 or or CC 44541 779 58 multicellular multicellular JJ 44541 779 59 organisms organism NNS 44541 779 60 , , , 44541 779 61 with with IN 44541 779 62 the the DT 44541 779 63 lowest low JJS 44541 779 64 Protozoa protozoa JJ 44541 779 65 . . . 44541 780 1 We -PRON- PRP 44541 780 2 come come VBP 44541 780 3 to to IN 44541 780 4 this this DT 44541 780 5 conclusion conclusion NN 44541 780 6 becaues becaue VBZ 44541 780 7 the the DT 44541 780 8 Gastrula Gastrula NNP 44541 780 9 arises arise VBZ 44541 780 10 from from IN 44541 780 11 and and CC 44541 780 12 passes pass VBZ 44541 780 13 through through IN 44541 780 14 stages stage NNS 44541 780 15 which which WDT 44541 780 16 exist exist VBP 44541 780 17 as as IN 44541 780 18 independent independent JJ 44541 780 19 , , , 44541 780 20 permanent permanent JJ 44541 780 21 organisms organism NNS 44541 780 22 among among IN 44541 780 23 the the DT 44541 780 24 Protozoa Protozoa NNP 44541 780 25 . . . 44541 781 1 Needless needless JJ 44541 781 2 to to TO 44541 781 3 say say VB 44541 781 4 this this DT 44541 781 5 Gastræa Gastræa NNP 44541 781 6 - - HYPH 44541 781 7 theory theory NN 44541 781 8 has have VBZ 44541 781 9 been be VBN 44541 781 10 violently violently RB 44541 781 11 attacked attack VBN 44541 781 12 in in IN 44541 781 13 detail detail NN 44541 781 14 , , , 44541 781 15 with with IN 44541 781 16 the the DT 44541 781 17 result result NN 44541 781 18 that that IN 44541 781 19 various various JJ 44541 781 20 modifications modification NNS 44541 781 21 of of IN 44541 781 22 the the DT 44541 781 23 Gastrula Gastrula NNP 44541 781 24 , , , 44541 781 25 until until IN 44541 781 26 then then RB 44541 781 27 undreamed undreamed JJ 44541 781 28 of of IN 44541 781 29 , , , 44541 781 30 have have VBP 44541 781 31 become become VBN 44541 781 32 known know VBN 44541 781 33 . . . 44541 782 1 ' ' '' 44541 782 2 Monographie Monographie NNP 44541 782 3 der der VBD 44541 782 4 Medusen Medusen NNP 44541 782 5 . . . 44541 782 6 ' ' '' 44541 783 1 Jena Jena NNP 44541 783 2 , , , 44541 783 3 1879 1879 CD 44541 783 4 - - SYM 44541 783 5 81 81 CD 44541 783 6 . . . 44541 784 1 With with IN 44541 784 2 72 72 CD 44541 784 3 coloured coloured JJ 44541 784 4 plates plate NNS 44541 784 5 . . . 44541 785 1 ' ' `` 44541 785 2 Reports report NNS 44541 785 3 on on IN 44541 785 4 the the DT 44541 785 5 Scientific Scientific NNP 44541 785 6 Results Results NNPS 44541 785 7 of of IN 44541 785 8 the the DT 44541 785 9 Voyage Voyage NNP 44541 785 10 of of IN 44541 785 11 H.M.S. H.M.S. NNP 44541 786 1 _ _ NNP 44541 786 2 Challenger Challenger NNP 44541 786 3 _ _ NNP 44541 786 4 . . . 44541 786 5 ' ' '' 44541 787 1 With with IN 44541 787 2 230 230 CD 44541 787 3 plates plate NNS 44541 787 4 : : : 44541 787 5 1 1 CD 44541 787 6 . . . 44541 788 1 Deep deep JJ 44541 788 2 - - HYPH 44541 788 3 sea sea NN 44541 788 4 Medusæ Medusæ NNP 44541 788 5 . . . 44541 789 1 1881 1881 CD 44541 789 2 . . . 44541 790 1 2 2 LS 44541 790 2 . . . 44541 791 1 Radiolaria Radiolaria NNP 44541 791 2 . . . 44541 792 1 1887 1887 CD 44541 792 2 . . . 44541 793 1 3 3 LS 44541 793 2 . . . 44541 794 1 Siphonophoræ Siphonophoræ VBN 44541 794 2 . . . 44541 795 1 1888 1888 CD 44541 795 2 . . . 44541 796 1 4 4 LS 44541 796 2 . . . 44541 797 1 Deep deep JJ 44541 797 2 - - HYPH 44541 797 3 sea sea NN 44541 797 4 Keratosa Keratosa NNP 44541 797 5 . . . 44541 798 1 1889 1889 CD 44541 798 2 . . . 44541 799 1 A a DT 44541 799 2 short short JJ 44541 799 3 holiday holiday NN 44541 799 4 spent spend VBN 44541 799 5 on on IN 44541 799 6 the the DT 44541 799 7 coasts coast NNS 44541 799 8 of of IN 44541 799 9 the the DT 44541 799 10 Red Red NNP 44541 799 11 Sea Sea NNP 44541 799 12 produced produce VBD 44541 799 13 the the DT 44541 799 14 volume volume NN 44541 799 15 ' ' `` 44541 799 16 Arabische Arabische NNP 44541 799 17 Korallen Korallen NNP 44541 799 18 ' ' '' 44541 799 19 ( ( -LRB- 44541 799 20 Berlin Berlin NNP 44541 799 21 , , , 44541 799 22 1876 1876 CD 44541 799 23 ) ) -RRB- 44541 799 24 ; ; : 44541 799 25 and and CC 44541 799 26 a a DT 44541 799 27 longer long JJR 44541 799 28 trip trip NN 44541 799 29 to to IN 44541 799 30 Ceylon Ceylon NNP 44541 799 31 has have VBZ 44541 799 32 been be VBN 44541 799 33 described describe VBN 44541 799 34 in in IN 44541 799 35 ' ' '' 44541 799 36 Indische Indische NNP 44541 799 37 Reisebriefe Reisebriefe NNP 44541 799 38 , , , 44541 799 39 ' ' '' 44541 799 40 of of IN 44541 799 41 which which WDT 44541 799 42 the the DT 44541 799 43 third third JJ 44541 799 44 edition edition NN 44541 799 45 appeared appear VBD 44541 799 46 in in IN 44541 799 47 1893 1893 CD 44541 799 48 . . . 44541 800 1 The the DT 44541 800 2 English english JJ 44541 800 3 translation translation NN 44541 800 4 ( ( -LRB- 44541 800 5 1883 1883 CD 44541 800 6 ) ) -RRB- 44541 800 7 is be VBZ 44541 800 8 entitled entitle VBN 44541 800 9 ' ' `` 44541 800 10 A a DT 44541 800 11 Visit visit NN 44541 800 12 to to IN 44541 800 13 Ceylon Ceylon NNP 44541 800 14 . . . 44541 800 15 ' ' '' 44541 801 1 ' ' `` 44541 801 2 Monism monism NN 44541 801 3 as as IN 44541 801 4 connecting connect VBG 44541 801 5 Religion Religion NNP 44541 801 6 and and CC 44541 801 7 Science Science NNP 44541 801 8 : : : 44541 801 9 the the DT 44541 801 10 Confession Confession NNP 44541 801 11 of of IN 44541 801 12 Faith Faith NNP 44541 801 13 of of IN 44541 801 14 a a DT 44541 801 15 Man Man NNP 44541 801 16 of of IN 44541 801 17 Science Science NNP 44541 801 18 . . . 44541 801 19 ' ' '' 44541 802 1 1894 1894 CD 44541 802 2 . . . 44541 803 1 Haeckels haeckel NNS 44541 803 2 latest late JJS 44541 803 3 work work NN 44541 803 4 is be VBZ 44541 803 5 the the DT 44541 803 6 ' ' `` 44541 803 7 Systematische Systematische NNP 44541 803 8 Phylogenie Phylogenie NNP 44541 803 9 ' ' '' 44541 803 10 ( ( -LRB- 44541 803 11 Berlin Berlin NNP 44541 803 12 , , , 44541 803 13 1896 1896 CD 44541 803 14 ) ) -RRB- 44541 803 15 , , , 44541 803 16 three three CD 44541 803 17 volumes volume NNS 44541 803 18 dealing deal VBG 44541 803 19 with with IN 44541 803 20 Protistæ Protistæ NNP 44541 803 21 and and CC 44541 803 22 Plants Plants NNPS 44541 803 23 , , , 44541 803 24 Invertebrata Invertebrata NNP 44541 803 25 and and CC 44541 803 26 Vertebrata Vertebrata NNP 44541 803 27 . . . 44541 804 1 They -PRON- PRP 44541 804 2 contain contain VBP 44541 804 3 the the DT 44541 804 4 author author NN 44541 804 5 's 's POS 44541 804 6 views view NNS 44541 804 7 on on IN 44541 804 8 the the DT 44541 804 9 natural natural JJ 44541 804 10 system system NN 44541 804 11 of of IN 44541 804 12 the the DT 44541 804 13 organic organic JJ 44541 804 14 world world NN 44541 804 15 , , , 44541 804 16 both both CC 44541 804 17 living live VBG 44541 804 18 and and CC 44541 804 19 extinct extinct JJ 44541 804 20 . . . 44541 805 1 Notable notable JJ 44541 805 2 in in IN 44541 805 3 the the DT 44541 805 4 work work NN 44541 805 5 are be VBP 44541 805 6 the the DT 44541 805 7 many many JJ 44541 805 8 reconstructions reconstruction NNS 44541 805 9 of of IN 44541 805 10 ancestral ancestral JJ 44541 805 11 forms form NNS 44541 805 12 which which WDT 44541 805 13 , , , 44541 805 14 provided provide VBD 44541 805 15 Evolution evolution NN 44541 805 16 is be VBZ 44541 805 17 true true JJ 44541 805 18 , , , 44541 805 19 must must MD 44541 805 20 have have VB 44541 805 21 existed exist VBN 44541 805 22 -- -- : 44541 805 23 hypothetical hypothetical JJ 44541 805 24 until until IN 44541 805 25 they -PRON- PRP 44541 805 26 , , , 44541 805 27 or or CC 44541 805 28 something something NN 44541 805 29 like like IN 44541 805 30 them -PRON- PRP 44541 805 31 , , , 44541 805 32 are be VBP 44541 805 33 found find VBN 44541 805 34 in in IN 44541 805 35 a a DT 44541 805 36 fossil fossil JJ 44541 805 37 state state NN 44541 805 38 . . . 44541 806 1 Everybody everybody NN 44541 806 2 who who WP 44541 806 3 works work VBZ 44541 806 4 systematically systematically RB 44541 806 5 , , , 44541 806 6 and and CC 44541 806 7 upon upon IN 44541 806 8 the the DT 44541 806 9 basis basis NN 44541 806 10 of of IN 44541 806 11 Evolution Evolution NNP 44541 806 12 , , , 44541 806 13 does do VBZ 44541 806 14 , , , 44541 806 15 sometimes sometimes RB 44541 806 16 unconsciously unconsciously RB 44541 806 17 , , , 44541 806 18 reconstruct reconstruct VB 44541 806 19 such such JJ 44541 806 20 links link NNS 44541 806 21 , , , 44541 806 22 although although IN 44541 806 23 he -PRON- PRP 44541 806 24 may may MD 44541 806 25 perhaps perhaps RB 44541 806 26 not not RB 44541 806 27 see see VB 44541 806 28 the the DT 44541 806 29 necessity necessity NN 44541 806 30 , , , 44541 806 31 or or CC 44541 806 32 have have VB 44541 806 33 the the DT 44541 806 34 courage courage NN 44541 806 35 to to TO 44541 806 36 fix fix VB 44541 806 37 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 806 38 vision vision NN 44541 806 39 , , , 44541 806 40 by by IN 44541 806 41 assigning assigning NN 44541 806 42 to to IN 44541 806 43 it -PRON- PRP 44541 806 44 all all PDT 44541 806 45 those those DT 44541 806 46 attributes attribute NNS 44541 806 47 or or CC 44541 806 48 characters character NNS 44541 806 49 which which WDT 44541 806 50 are be VBP 44541 806 51 indicated indicate VBN 44541 806 52 by by IN 44541 806 53 deductions deduction NNS 44541 806 54 from from IN 44541 806 55 comparative comparative JJ 44541 806 56 anatomy anatomy NN 44541 806 57 , , , 44541 806 58 palæontology palæontology NN 44541 806 59 , , , 44541 806 60 and and CC 44541 806 61 embryology embryology NN 44541 806 62 . . . 44541 807 1 THEORY THEORY NNP 44541 807 2 OF of IN 44541 807 3 CELLS CELLS NNP 44541 807 4 . . . 44541 808 1 The the DT 44541 808 2 vegetable vegetable NN 44541 808 3 cell cell NN 44541 808 4 was be VBD 44541 808 5 discovered discover VBN 44541 808 6 by by IN 44541 808 7 _ _ NNP 44541 808 8 Schleiden Schleiden NNP 44541 808 9 _ _ NNP 44541 808 10 , , , 44541 808 11 Professor Professor NNP 44541 808 12 of of IN 44541 808 13 Botany Botany NNP 44541 808 14 at at IN 44541 808 15 Jena Jena NNP 44541 808 16 , , , 44541 808 17 in in IN 44541 808 18 1838 1838 CD 44541 808 19 . . . 44541 809 1 Next next JJ 44541 809 2 year year NN 44541 809 3 _ _ NNP 44541 809 4 Schwann Schwann NNP 44541 809 5 _ _ NNP 44541 809 6 found find VBD 44541 809 7 the the DT 44541 809 8 animal animal NN 44541 809 9 cell cell NN 44541 809 10 . . . 44541 810 1 In in IN 44541 810 2 1844 1844 CD 44541 810 3 _ _ NNP 44541 810 4 Koelliker Koelliker NNP 44541 810 5 _ _ NNP 44541 810 6 discovered discover VBD 44541 810 7 that that IN 44541 810 8 the the DT 44541 810 9 egg egg NN 44541 810 10 cell cell NN 44541 810 11 , , , 44541 810 12 by by IN 44541 810 13 division division NN 44541 810 14 and and CC 44541 810 15 multiplication multiplication NNP 44541 810 16 , , , 44541 810 17 becomes become VBZ 44541 810 18 an an DT 44541 810 19 aggregation aggregation NN 44541 810 20 -- -- : 44541 810 21 a a DT 44541 810 22 heap heap NN 44541 810 23 of of IN 44541 810 24 new new JJ 44541 810 25 cells cell NNS 44541 810 26 . . . 44541 811 1 In in IN 44541 811 2 1849 1849 CD 44541 811 3 _ _ NNP 44541 811 4 Huxley Huxley NNP 44541 811 5 _ _ NNP 44541 811 6 found find VBD 44541 811 7 the the DT 44541 811 8 two two CD 44541 811 9 primary primary JJ 44541 811 10 layers layer NNS 44541 811 11 ( ( -LRB- 44541 811 12 observed observe VBN 44541 811 13 long long RB 44541 811 14 before before RB 44541 811 15 by by IN 44541 811 16 _ _ NNP 44541 811 17 Pander Pander NNP 44541 811 18 _ _ NNP 44541 811 19 and and CC 44541 811 20 _ _ NNP 44541 811 21 Baer Baer NNP 44541 811 22 _ _ NNP 44541 811 23 in in IN 44541 811 24 the the DT 44541 811 25 chick chick NN 44541 811 26 ) ) -RRB- 44541 811 27 also also RB 44541 811 28 in in IN 44541 811 29 certain certain JJ 44541 811 30 Invertebrata Invertebrata NNP 44541 811 31 , , , 44541 811 32 the the DT 44541 811 33 Medusæ Medusæ NNP 44541 811 34 ; ; : 44541 811 35 and and CC 44541 811 36 he -PRON- PRP 44541 811 37 called call VBD 44541 811 38 these these DT 44541 811 39 layers layer NNS 44541 811 40 ' ' POS 44541 811 41 ectoderm ectoderm NN 44541 811 42 ' ' '' 44541 811 43 and and CC 44541 811 44 ' ' `` 44541 811 45 endoderm endoderm NN 44541 811 46 ' ' '' 44541 811 47 respectively respectively RB 44541 811 48 . . . 44541 812 1 In in IN 44541 812 2 1851 1851 CD 44541 812 3 _ _ NNP 44541 812 4 Remak Remak NNP 44541 812 5 _ _ NNP 44541 812 6 , , , 44541 812 7 in in IN 44541 812 8 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 812 9 ' ' `` 44541 812 10 Untersuchungen Untersuchungen NNP 44541 812 11 über über NN 44541 812 12 die die NN 44541 812 13 Entwicklung Entwicklung NNP 44541 812 14 der der VBP 44541 812 15 Thiere Thiere NNP 44541 812 16 , , , 44541 812 17 ' ' '' 44541 812 18 showed show VBD 44541 812 19 the the DT 44541 812 20 egg egg NN 44541 812 21 to to TO 44541 812 22 be be VB 44541 812 23 a a DT 44541 812 24 simple simple JJ 44541 812 25 cell cell NN 44541 812 26 , , , 44541 812 27 and and CC 44541 812 28 that that IN 44541 812 29 from from IN 44541 812 30 it -PRON- PRP 44541 812 31 , , , 44541 812 32 by by IN 44541 812 33 repeated repeat VBN 44541 812 34 division division NN 44541 812 35 or or CC 44541 812 36 multiplication multiplication NN 44541 812 37 , , , 44541 812 38 arise arise VB 44541 812 39 the the DT 44541 812 40 germinal germinal JJ 44541 812 41 layers layer NNS 44541 812 42 , , , 44541 812 43 and and CC 44541 812 44 that that IN 44541 812 45 by by IN 44541 812 46 differentiation differentiation NN 44541 812 47 of of IN 44541 812 48 the the DT 44541 812 49 cells cell NNS 44541 812 50 of of IN 44541 812 51 these these DT 44541 812 52 layers layer NNS 44541 812 53 are be VBP 44541 812 54 formed form VBN 44541 812 55 all all PDT 44541 812 56 the the DT 44541 812 57 tissues tissue NNS 44541 812 58 of of IN 44541 812 59 the the DT 44541 812 60 body body NN 44541 812 61 . . . 44541 813 1 _ _ NNP 44541 813 2 Kowalevsky Kowalevsky NNP 44541 813 3 _ _ NNP 44541 813 4 , , , 44541 813 5 of of IN 44541 813 6 St. St. NNP 44541 813 7 Petersburg Petersburg NNP 44541 813 8 , , , 44541 813 9 found find VBD 44541 813 10 the the DT 44541 813 11 two two CD 44541 813 12 primary primary JJ 44541 813 13 germinal germinal JJ 44541 813 14 layers layer NNS 44541 813 15 also also RB 44541 813 16 in in IN 44541 813 17 Worms Worms NNP 44541 813 18 , , , 44541 813 19 Echinoderms Echinoderms NNPS 44541 813 20 , , , 44541 813 21 Articulata Articulata NNP 44541 813 22 , , , 44541 813 23 and and CC 44541 813 24 other other JJ 44541 813 25 animals animal NNS 44541 813 26 . . . 44541 814 1 _ _ NNP 44541 814 2 Haeckel Haeckel NNP 44541 814 3 _ _ NNP 44541 814 4 , , , 44541 814 5 in in IN 44541 814 6 1872 1872 CD 44541 814 7 , , , 44541 814 8 found find VBD 44541 814 9 the the DT 44541 814 10 same same JJ 44541 814 11 in in IN 44541 814 12 the the DT 44541 814 13 Sponges sponge NNS 44541 814 14 . . . 44541 815 1 He -PRON- PRP 44541 815 2 stated state VBD 44541 815 3 that that IN 44541 815 4 these these DT 44541 815 5 two two CD 44541 815 6 germinal germinal JJ 44541 815 7 layers layer NNS 44541 815 8 occur occur VBP 44541 815 9 in in IN 44541 815 10 all all DT 44541 815 11 animals animal NNS 44541 815 12 , , , 44541 815 13 except except IN 44541 815 14 in in IN 44541 815 15 the the DT 44541 815 16 Protozoa Protozoa NNP 44541 815 17 ; ; , 44541 815 18 and and CC 44541 815 19 that that IN 44541 815 20 they -PRON- PRP 44541 815 21 are be VBP 44541 815 22 homologous homologous JJ 44541 815 23 , , , 44541 815 24 or or CC 44541 815 25 equivalent equivalent JJ 44541 815 26 , , , 44541 815 27 in in IN 44541 815 28 all all PDT 44541 815 29 the the DT 44541 815 30 groups group NNS 44541 815 31 of of IN 44541 815 32 animals animal NNS 44541 815 33 , , , 44541 815 34 from from IN 44541 815 35 the the DT 44541 815 36 Sponges sponge NNS 44541 815 37 up up RP 44541 815 38 to to IN 44541 815 39 Man Man NNP 44541 815 40 . . . 44541 816 1 In in IN 44541 816 2 1873 1873 CD 44541 816 3 , , , 44541 816 4 in in IN 44541 816 5 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 816 6 ' ' `` 44541 816 7 Gastræa Gastræa NNP 44541 816 8 - - HYPH 44541 816 9 theorie theorie NNP 44541 816 10 , , , 44541 816 11 ' ' '' 44541 816 12 he -PRON- PRP 44541 816 13 explained explain VBD 44541 816 14 the the DT 44541 816 15 phylogenetic phylogenetic JJ 44541 816 16 significance significance NN 44541 816 17 , , , 44541 816 18 and and CC 44541 816 19 tried try VBD 44541 816 20 to to TO 44541 816 21 show show VB 44541 816 22 the the DT 44541 816 23 homology homology NN 44541 816 24 , , , 44541 816 25 of of IN 44541 816 26 the the DT 44541 816 27 four four CD 44541 816 28 secondary secondary JJ 44541 816 29 germinal germinal JJ 44541 816 30 layers layer NNS 44541 816 31 . . . 44541 817 1 FACTORS factor NNS 44541 817 2 OF of IN 44541 817 3 EVOLUTION evolution NN 44541 817 4 . . . 44541 818 1 An an DT 44541 818 2 organism organism NN 44541 818 3 , , , 44541 818 4 as as IN 44541 818 5 living live VBG 44541 818 6 matter matter NN 44541 818 7 , , , 44541 818 8 does do VBZ 44541 818 9 not not RB 44541 818 10 stand stand VB 44541 818 11 in in IN 44541 818 12 opposition opposition NN 44541 818 13 to to IN 44541 818 14 , , , 44541 818 15 or or CC 44541 818 16 outside outside RB 44541 818 17 of of IN 44541 818 18 , , , 44541 818 19 the the DT 44541 818 20 rest rest NN 44541 818 21 of of IN 44541 818 22 the the DT 44541 818 23 world world NN 44541 818 24 . . . 44541 819 1 It -PRON- PRP 44541 819 2 is be VBZ 44541 819 3 part part NN 44541 819 4 of of IN 44541 819 5 the the DT 44541 819 6 world world NN 44541 819 7 . . . 44541 820 1 It -PRON- PRP 44541 820 2 receives receive VBZ 44541 820 3 matter matter NN 44541 820 4 from from IN 44541 820 5 its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 820 6 surroundings surrounding NNS 44541 820 7 , , , 44541 820 8 and and CC 44541 820 9 gives give VBZ 44541 820 10 some some DT 44541 820 11 back back RB 44541 820 12 ; ; : 44541 820 13 therefore therefore RB 44541 820 14 it -PRON- PRP 44541 820 15 is be VBZ 44541 820 16 influenced influence VBN 44541 820 17 by by IN 44541 820 18 its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 820 19 surroundings surrounding NNS 44541 820 20 . . . 44541 821 1 It -PRON- PRP 44541 821 2 is be VBZ 44541 821 3 acted act VBN 44541 821 4 upon upon IN 44541 821 5 , , , 44541 821 6 and and CC 44541 821 7 it -PRON- PRP 44541 821 8 reacts react VBZ 44541 821 9 upon upon IN 44541 821 10 the the DT 44541 821 11 latter latter JJ 44541 821 12 , , , 44541 821 13 and and CC 44541 821 14 if if IN 44541 821 15 these these DT 44541 821 16 change change NN 44541 821 17 ( ( -LRB- 44541 821 18 and and CC 44541 821 19 they -PRON- PRP 44541 821 20 are be VBP 44541 821 21 nowhere nowhere RB 44541 821 22 and and CC 44541 821 23 never never RB 44541 821 24 strictly strictly RB 44541 821 25 the the DT 44541 821 26 same same JJ 44541 821 27 ) ) -RRB- 44541 821 28 the the DT 44541 821 29 organism organism NN 44541 821 30 also also RB 44541 821 31 _ _ NNP 44541 821 32 varies vary VBZ 44541 821 33 _ _ NNP 44541 821 34 . . . 44541 822 1 It -PRON- PRP 44541 822 2 _ _ NNP 44541 822 3 adapts adapt VBZ 44541 822 4 _ _ NNP 44541 822 5 itself -PRON- PRP 44541 822 6 , , , 44541 822 7 and and CC 44541 822 8 if if IN 44541 822 9 it -PRON- PRP 44541 822 10 does do VBZ 44541 822 11 not not RB 44541 822 12 , , , 44541 822 13 or or CC 44541 822 14 , , , 44541 822 15 rather rather RB 44541 822 16 , , , 44541 822 17 can can MD 44541 822 18 not not RB 44541 822 19 , , , 44541 822 20 do do VB 44541 822 21 so so RB 44541 822 22 , , , 44541 822 23 it -PRON- PRP 44541 822 24 dies die VBZ 44541 822 25 , , , 44541 822 26 because because IN 44541 822 27 it -PRON- PRP 44541 822 28 is be VBZ 44541 822 29 unfit unfit JJ 44541 822 30 to to TO 44541 822 31 live live VB 44541 822 32 in in IN 44541 822 33 the the DT 44541 822 34 world world NN 44541 822 35 , , , 44541 822 36 or or CC 44541 822 37 , , , 44541 822 38 rather rather RB 44541 822 39 , , , 44541 822 40 in in IN 44541 822 41 those those DT 44541 822 42 particular particular JJ 44541 822 43 surroundings surrounding NNS 44541 822 44 and and CC 44541 822 45 conditions condition NNS 44541 822 46 in in IN 44541 822 47 which which WDT 44541 822 48 it -PRON- PRP 44541 822 49 happens happen VBZ 44541 822 50 to to TO 44541 822 51 be be VB 44541 822 52 . . . 44541 823 1 That that DT 44541 823 2 organism organism NN 44541 823 3 which which WDT 44541 823 4 yields yield VBZ 44541 823 5 most most RBS 44541 823 6 easily easily RB 44541 823 7 , , , 44541 823 8 accommodates accommodate VBZ 44541 823 9 itself -PRON- PRP 44541 823 10 most most RBS 44541 823 11 quickly quickly RB 44541 823 12 , , , 44541 823 13 has have VBZ 44541 823 14 the the DT 44541 823 15 best good JJS 44541 823 16 chance chance NN 44541 823 17 of of IN 44541 823 18 existence--_survival existence--_survival NN 44541 823 19 of of IN 44541 823 20 the the DT 44541 823 21 fittest fit JJS 44541 823 22 _ _ NNP 44541 823 23 . . . 44541 824 1 ' ' `` 44541 824 2 Fitness Fitness NNP 44541 824 3 ' ' '' 44541 824 4 in in IN 44541 824 5 this this DT 44541 824 6 case case NN 44541 824 7 does do VBZ 44541 824 8 not not RB 44541 824 9 mean mean VB 44541 824 10 fitness fitness NN 44541 824 11 to to TO 44541 824 12 live live VB 44541 824 13 , , , 44541 824 14 but but CC 44541 824 15 rather rather RB 44541 824 16 a a DT 44541 824 17 particular particular JJ 44541 824 18 condition condition NN 44541 824 19 which which WDT 44541 824 20 happens happen VBZ 44541 824 21 to to TO 44541 824 22 fit fit VB 44541 824 23 into into IN 44541 824 24 the the DT 44541 824 25 new new JJ 44541 824 26 circumstances circumstance NNS 44541 824 27 . . . 44541 825 1 Adaptation adaptation NN 44541 825 2 and and CC 44541 825 3 variation variation NN 44541 825 4 are be VBP 44541 825 5 simultaneous simultaneous JJ 44541 825 6 : : : 44541 825 7 they -PRON- PRP 44541 825 8 are be VBP 44541 825 9 fundamentally fundamentally RB 44541 825 10 the the DT 44541 825 11 same same JJ 44541 825 12 . . . 44541 826 1 If if IN 44541 826 2 there there EX 44541 826 3 were be VBD 44541 826 4 no no DT 44541 826 5 adaptability adaptability NN 44541 826 6 and and CC 44541 826 7 no no DT 44541 826 8 variability variability NN 44541 826 9 , , , 44541 826 10 those those DT 44541 826 11 simplest simple JJS 44541 826 12 of of IN 44541 826 13 organisms organism NNS 44541 826 14 which which WDT 44541 826 15 we -PRON- PRP 44541 826 16 suppose suppose VBP 44541 826 17 to to TO 44541 826 18 have have VB 44541 826 19 sprung spring VBN 44541 826 20 into into IN 44541 826 21 existence existence NN 44541 826 22 in in IN 44541 826 23 the the DT 44541 826 24 pre pre JJ 44541 826 25 - - JJ 44541 826 26 Cambrian cambrian JJ 44541 826 27 period period NN 44541 826 28 would would MD 44541 826 29 long long RB 44541 826 30 ago ago RB 44541 826 31 have have VBP 44541 826 32 ceased cease VBN 44541 826 33 to to TO 44541 826 34 exist exist VB 44541 826 35 . . . 44541 827 1 It -PRON- PRP 44541 827 2 is be VBZ 44541 827 3 the the DT 44541 827 4 physiological physiological JJ 44541 827 5 momentum momentum NN 44541 827 6 which which WDT 44541 827 7 models model VBZ 44541 827 8 the the DT 44541 827 9 organism organism NN 44541 827 10 , , , 44541 827 11 and and CC 44541 827 12 , , , 44541 827 13 by by IN 44541 827 14 causing cause VBG 44541 827 15 its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 827 16 adaptations adaptation NNS 44541 827 17 , , , 44541 827 18 has have VBZ 44541 827 19 produced produce VBN 44541 827 20 its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 827 21 organs organ NNS 44541 827 22 by by IN 44541 827 23 change change NN 44541 827 24 of of IN 44541 827 25 function function NN 44541 827 26 . . . 44541 828 1 Gegenbaur Gegenbaur NNP 44541 828 2 illustrates illustrate VBZ 44541 828 3 this this DT 44541 828 4 most most RBS 44541 828 5 important important JJ 44541 828 6 fundamental fundamental JJ 44541 828 7 truth truth NN 44541 828 8 by by IN 44541 828 9 an an DT 44541 828 10 excellent excellent JJ 44541 828 11 example example NN 44541 828 12 . . . 44541 829 1 Suppose suppose VB 44541 829 2 that that IN 44541 829 3 , , , 44541 829 4 in in IN 44541 829 5 an an DT 44541 829 6 absolutely absolutely RB 44541 829 7 simple simple JJ 44541 829 8 organism organism NN 44541 829 9 , , , 44541 829 10 all all PDT 44541 829 11 the the DT 44541 829 12 parts part NNS 44541 829 13 of of IN 44541 829 14 its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 829 15 exterior exterior NN 44541 829 16 are be VBP 44541 829 17 under under IN 44541 829 18 the the DT 44541 829 19 same same JJ 44541 829 20 functional functional JJ 44541 829 21 conditions condition NNS 44541 829 22 , , , 44541 829 23 so so IN 44541 829 24 that that IN 44541 829 25 each each DT 44541 829 26 part part NN 44541 829 27 of of IN 44541 829 28 the the DT 44541 829 29 surface surface NN 44541 829 30 can can MD 44541 829 31 take take VB 44541 829 32 in in IN 44541 829 33 food food NN 44541 829 34 , , , 44541 829 35 and and CC 44541 829 36 that that IN 44541 829 37 this this DT 44541 829 38 is be VBZ 44541 829 39 digested digest VBN 44541 829 40 , , , 44541 829 41 assimilated assimilate VBN 44541 829 42 , , , 44541 829 43 in in IN 44541 829 44 the the DT 44541 829 45 interior interior NN 44541 829 46 . . . 44541 830 1 There there EX 44541 830 2 is be VBZ 44541 830 3 , , , 44541 830 4 in in IN 44541 830 5 this this DT 44541 830 6 condition condition NN 44541 830 7 , , , 44541 830 8 not not RB 44541 830 9 yet yet RB 44541 830 10 any any DT 44541 830 11 definite definite JJ 44541 830 12 organ organ NN 44541 830 13 . . . 44541 831 1 If if IN 44541 831 2 this this DT 44541 831 3 organism organism NN 44541 831 4 sinks sink VBZ 44541 831 5 to to IN 44541 831 6 the the DT 44541 831 7 bottom bottom NN 44541 831 8 and and CC 44541 831 9 becomes become VBZ 44541 831 10 sessile sessile JJ 44541 831 11 , , , 44541 831 12 this this DT 44541 831 13 part part NN 44541 831 14 is be VBZ 44541 831 15 excluded exclude VBN 44541 831 16 from from IN 44541 831 17 taking take VBG 44541 831 18 in in RP 44541 831 19 nourishing nourish VBG 44541 831 20 matter matter NN 44541 831 21 , , , 44541 831 22 while while IN 44541 831 23 the the DT 44541 831 24 opposite opposite JJ 44541 831 25 surface surface NN 44541 831 26 alone alone RB 44541 831 27 remains remain VBZ 44541 831 28 , , , 44541 831 29 or or CC 44541 831 30 becomes become VBZ 44541 831 31 more more JJR 44541 831 32 , , , 44541 831 33 fit fit JJ 44541 831 34 for for IN 44541 831 35 this this DT 44541 831 36 function function NN 44541 831 37 . . . 44541 832 1 Thus thus RB 44541 832 2 , , , 44541 832 3 a a DT 44541 832 4 simple simple JJ 44541 832 5 variation variation NN 44541 832 6 and and CC 44541 832 7 adaptation adaptation NN 44541 832 8 has have VBZ 44541 832 9 been be VBN 44541 832 10 produced produce VBN 44541 832 11 , , , 44541 832 12 and and CC 44541 832 13 if if IN 44541 832 14 the the DT 44541 832 15 same same JJ 44541 832 16 organism organism NN 44541 832 17 continues continue VBZ 44541 832 18 in in IN 44541 832 19 this this DT 44541 832 20 position position NN 44541 832 21 , , , 44541 832 22 its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 832 23 bottom bottom JJ 44541 832 24 cells cell NNS 44541 832 25 will will MD 44541 832 26 estrange estrange VB 44541 832 27 themselves -PRON- PRP 44541 832 28 from from IN 44541 832 29 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 832 30 original original JJ 44541 832 31 function function NN 44541 832 32 , , , 44541 832 33 while while IN 44541 832 34 those those DT 44541 832 35 on on IN 44541 832 36 the the DT 44541 832 37 top top NN 44541 832 38 will will MD 44541 832 39 convey convey VB 44541 832 40 the the DT 44541 832 41 food food NN 44541 832 42 into into IN 44541 832 43 the the DT 44541 832 44 interior interior NN 44541 832 45 , , , 44541 832 46 where where WRB 44541 832 47 a a DT 44541 832 48 cavity cavity NN 44541 832 49 will will MD 44541 832 50 be be VB 44541 832 51 formed form VBN 44541 832 52 , , , 44541 832 53 ultimately ultimately RB 44541 832 54 with with IN 44541 832 55 a a DT 44541 832 56 permanent permanent JJ 44541 832 57 opening opening NN 44541 832 58 , , , 44541 832 59 the the DT 44541 832 60 primitive primitive JJ 44541 832 61 gut gut NN 44541 832 62 and and CC 44541 832 63 mouth mouth NN 44541 832 64 , , , 44541 832 65 both both CC 44541 832 66 very very RB 44541 832 67 different different JJ 44541 832 68 from from IN 44541 832 69 the the DT 44541 832 70 ' ' `` 44541 832 71 foot foot NN 44541 832 72 . . . 44541 832 73 ' ' '' 44541 833 1 Thus thus RB 44541 833 2 , , , 44541 833 3 by by IN 44541 833 4 adaptation adaptation NN 44541 833 5 and and CC 44541 833 6 variation variation NN 44541 833 7 the the DT 44541 833 8 organism organism NN 44541 833 9 acquires acquire VBZ 44541 833 10 new new JJ 44541 833 11 functions function NNS 44541 833 12 , , , 44541 833 13 organs organ NNS 44541 833 14 , , , 44541 833 15 features feature NNS 44541 833 16 , , , 44541 833 17 and and CC 44541 833 18 it -PRON- PRP 44541 833 19 gives give VBZ 44541 833 20 up up RP 44541 833 21 and and CC 44541 833 22 eventually eventually RB 44541 833 23 loses lose VBZ 44541 833 24 others other NNS 44541 833 25 . . . 44541 834 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 834 2 offspring offspring NN 44541 834 3 is be VBZ 44541 834 4 like like IN 44541 834 5 it -PRON- PRP 44541 834 6 . . . 44541 835 1 Like like IN 44541 835 2 produces produce VBZ 44541 835 3 like like IN 44541 835 4 . . . 44541 836 1 This this DT 44541 836 2 is be VBZ 44541 836 3 the the DT 44541 836 4 principle principle NN 44541 836 5 of of IN 44541 836 6 _ _ NNP 44541 836 7 heredity heredity NN 44541 836 8 _ _ NNP 44541 836 9 . . . 44541 837 1 Adaptation adaptation NN 44541 837 2 , , , 44541 837 3 when when WRB 44541 837 4 going go VBG 44541 837 5 on on IN 44541 837 6 generation generation NN 44541 837 7 after after IN 44541 837 8 generation generation NN 44541 837 9 on on IN 44541 837 10 the the DT 44541 837 11 same same JJ 44541 837 12 lines line NNS 44541 837 13 in in IN 44541 837 14 the the DT 44541 837 15 same same JJ 44541 837 16 direction direction NN 44541 837 17 , , , 44541 837 18 becomes become VBZ 44541 837 19 continuous continuous JJ 44541 837 20 , , , 44541 837 21 and and CC 44541 837 22 has have VBZ 44541 837 23 an an DT 44541 837 24 intensifying intensifying NN 44541 837 25 , , , 44541 837 26 _ _ NNP 44541 837 27 cumulative cumulative JJ 44541 837 28 _ _ NNP 44541 837 29 effect effect NN 44541 837 30 . . . 44541 838 1 By by IN 44541 838 2 always always RB 44541 838 3 weeding weed VBG 44541 838 4 out out RP 44541 838 5 from from IN 44541 838 6 a a DT 44541 838 7 flock flock NN 44541 838 8 of of IN 44541 838 9 pigeons pigeon NNS 44541 838 10 those those DT 44541 838 11 birds bird NNS 44541 838 12 which which WDT 44541 838 13 possess possess VBP 44541 838 14 more more RBR 44541 838 15 dark dark JJ 44541 838 16 feathers feather NNS 44541 838 17 than than IN 44541 838 18 the the DT 44541 838 19 rest rest NN 44541 838 20 , , , 44541 838 21 we -PRON- PRP 44541 838 22 ultimately ultimately RB 44541 838 23 produce produce VBP 44541 838 24 an an DT 44541 838 25 entirely entirely RB 44541 838 26 white white JJ 44541 838 27 race race NN 44541 838 28 . . . 44541 839 1 We -PRON- PRP 44541 839 2 hurry hurry VBP 44541 839 3 on on IN 44541 839 4 what what WP 44541 839 5 Nature Nature NNP 44541 839 6 does do VBZ 44541 839 7 slowly slowly RB 44541 839 8 . . . 44541 840 1 The the DT 44541 840 2 inheritance inheritance NN 44541 840 3 of of IN 44541 840 4 acquired acquire VBN 44541 840 5 characters character NNS 44541 840 6 becomes become VBZ 44541 840 7 very very RB 44541 840 8 obvious obvious JJ 44541 840 9 in in IN 44541 840 10 the the DT 44541 840 11 following follow VBG 44541 840 12 example example NN 44541 840 13 : : : 44541 840 14 The the DT 44541 840 15 Monera Monera NNP 44541 840 16 are be VBP 44541 840 17 the the DT 44541 840 18 lowest low JJS 44541 840 19 living living NN 44541 840 20 organisms organism NNS 44541 840 21 known know VBN 44541 840 22 ; ; : 44541 840 23 they -PRON- PRP 44541 840 24 consist consist VBP 44541 840 25 of of IN 44541 840 26 a a DT 44541 840 27 mass mass NN 44541 840 28 of of IN 44541 840 29 protoplasm protoplasm NN 44541 840 30 , , , 44541 840 31 and and CC 44541 840 32 are be VBP 44541 840 33 still still RB 44541 840 34 devoid devoid JJ 44541 840 35 of of IN 44541 840 36 even even RB 44541 840 37 a a DT 44541 840 38 nucleus nucleus NN 44541 840 39 . . . 44541 841 1 They -PRON- PRP 44541 841 2 multiply multiply VBP 44541 841 3 simply simply RB 44541 841 4 by by IN 44541 841 5 division division NN 44541 841 6 ; ; : 44541 841 7 each each DT 44541 841 8 half half NN 44541 841 9 is be VBZ 44541 841 10 like like IN 44541 841 11 the the DT 44541 841 12 other other JJ 44541 841 13 , , , 44541 841 14 and and CC 44541 841 15 like like IN 44541 841 16 the the DT 44541 841 17 parent parent NN 44541 841 18 ( ( -LRB- 44541 841 19 which which WDT 44541 841 20 by by IN 44541 841 21 this this DT 44541 841 22 process process NN 44541 841 23 has have VBZ 44541 841 24 ceased cease VBN 44541 841 25 to to TO 44541 841 26 exist exist VB 44541 841 27 ) ) -RRB- 44541 841 28 , , , 44541 841 29 except except IN 44541 841 30 that that IN 44541 841 31 each each DT 44541 841 32 is be VBZ 44541 841 33 smaller small JJR 44541 841 34 and and CC 44541 841 35 has have VBZ 44541 841 36 to to TO 44541 841 37 grow grow VB 44541 841 38 . . . 44541 842 1 A a DT 44541 842 2 certain certain JJ 44541 842 3 Moneron Moneron NNP 44541 842 4 , , , 44541 842 5 _ _ NNP 44541 842 6 Protomyxa Protomyxa NNP 44541 842 7 aurantiaca aurantiaca NN 44541 842 8 _ _ NNP 44541 842 9 , , , 44541 842 10 is be VBZ 44541 842 11 orange orange JJ 44541 842 12 - - HYPH 44541 842 13 coloured coloured JJ 44541 842 14 , , , 44541 842 15 and and CC 44541 842 16 its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 842 17 offspring offspring NN 44541 842 18 is be VBZ 44541 842 19 from from IN 44541 842 20 the the DT 44541 842 21 beginning beginning NN 44541 842 22 of of IN 44541 842 23 the the DT 44541 842 24 same same JJ 44541 842 25 colour colour NN 44541 842 26 , , , 44541 842 27 and and CC 44541 842 28 this this DT 44541 842 29 colour colour NN 44541 842 30 has have VBZ 44541 842 31 been be VBN 44541 842 32 acquired acquire VBN 44541 842 33 by by IN 44541 842 34 that that DT 44541 842 35 kind kind NN 44541 842 36 of of IN 44541 842 37 Monera Monera NNP 44541 842 38 - - HYPH 44541 842 39 like like JJ 44541 842 40 protoplasm protoplasm NN 44541 842 41 which which WDT 44541 842 42 thereby thereby RB 44541 842 43 has have VBZ 44541 842 44 become become VBN 44541 842 45 the the DT 44541 842 46 species specie NNS 44541 842 47 called call VBN 44541 842 48 Aurantiaca Aurantiaca NNP 44541 842 49 . . . 44541 843 1 We -PRON- PRP 44541 843 2 have have VBP 44541 843 3 no no DT 44541 843 4 reason reason NN 44541 843 5 for for IN 44541 843 6 assuming assume VBG 44541 843 7 that that IN 44541 843 8 there there EX 44541 843 9 existed exist VBD 44541 843 10 from from IN 44541 843 11 the the DT 44541 843 12 beginning beginning NN 44541 843 13 of of IN 44541 843 14 life life NN 44541 843 15 not not RB 44541 843 16 only only RB 44541 843 17 colourless colourless JJ 44541 843 18 , , , 44541 843 19 but but CC 44541 843 20 also also RB 44541 843 21 red red JJ 44541 843 22 , , , 44541 843 23 orange orange JJ 44541 843 24 , , , 44541 843 25 and and CC 44541 843 26 other other JJ 44541 843 27 kinds kind NNS 44541 843 28 of of IN 44541 843 29 protoplasm protoplasm NN 44541 843 30 . . . 44541 844 1 In in IN 44541 844 2 these these DT 44541 844 3 simplest simple JJS 44541 844 4 of of IN 44541 844 5 organisms organism NNS 44541 844 6 the the DT 44541 844 7 whole whole JJ 44541 844 8 process process NN 44541 844 9 of of IN 44541 844 10 heredity heredity NN 44541 844 11 seems seem VBZ 44541 844 12 very very RB 44541 844 13 obvious obvious JJ 44541 844 14 ; ; : 44541 844 15 but but CC 44541 844 16 in in IN 44541 844 17 the the DT 44541 844 18 higher high JJR 44541 844 19 ones one NNS 44541 844 20 , , , 44541 844 21 in in IN 44541 844 22 those those DT 44541 844 23 which which WDT 44541 844 24 propagate propagate VBP 44541 844 25 by by IN 44541 844 26 eggs egg NNS 44541 844 27 , , , 44541 844 28 the the DT 44541 844 29 problem problem NN 44541 844 30 is be VBZ 44541 844 31 infinitely infinitely RB 44541 844 32 more more RBR 44541 844 33 complicated complicated JJ 44541 844 34 . . . 44541 845 1 It -PRON- PRP 44541 845 2 is be VBZ 44541 845 3 true true JJ 44541 845 4 that that IN 44541 845 5 the the DT 44541 845 6 egg egg NN 44541 845 7 is be VBZ 44541 845 8 , , , 44541 845 9 strictly strictly RB 44541 845 10 , , , 44541 845 11 nothing nothing NN 44541 845 12 but but IN 44541 845 13 a a DT 44541 845 14 small small JJ 44541 845 15 part part NN 44541 845 16 of of IN 44541 845 17 the the DT 44541 845 18 parental parental JJ 44541 845 19 organism organism NN 44541 845 20 , , , 44541 845 21 and and CC 44541 845 22 we -PRON- PRP 44541 845 23 know know VBP 44541 845 24 from from IN 44541 845 25 everyday everyday JJ 44541 845 26 experience experience NN 44541 845 27 that that IN 44541 845 28 this this DT 44541 845 29 single single JJ 44541 845 30 egg egg NN 44541 845 31 - - HYPH 44541 845 32 cell cell NN 44541 845 33 has have VBZ 44541 845 34 in in IN 44541 845 35 it -PRON- PRP 44541 845 36 all all PDT 44541 845 37 the the DT 44541 845 38 attributes attribute NNS 44541 845 39 and and CC 44541 845 40 characteristics characteristic NNS 44541 845 41 of of IN 44541 845 42 the the DT 44541 845 43 parent parent NN 44541 845 44 ; ; : 44541 845 45 but but CC 44541 845 46 these these DT 44541 845 47 attributes attribute NNS 44541 845 48 and and CC 44541 845 49 characteristics characteristic NNS 44541 845 50 make make VBP 44541 845 51 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 845 52 appearance appearance NN 44541 845 53 successively successively RB 44541 845 54 , , , 44541 845 55 just just RB 44541 845 56 as as IN 44541 845 57 the the DT 44541 845 58 egg egg NN 44541 845 59 cell cell NN 44541 845 60 of of IN 44541 845 61 a a DT 44541 845 62 chick chick NNP 44541 845 63 has have VBZ 44541 845 64 neither neither CC 44541 845 65 wings wing NNS 44541 845 66 nor nor CC 44541 845 67 feathers feather NNS 44541 845 68 , , , 44541 845 69 not not RB 44541 845 70 even even RB 44541 845 71 a a DT 44541 845 72 backbone backbone NN 44541 845 73 , , , 44541 845 74 but but CC 44541 845 75 develops develop VBZ 44541 845 76 these these DT 44541 845 77 organs organ NNS 44541 845 78 because because IN 44541 845 79 its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 845 80 parents parent NNS 44541 845 81 have have VBP 44541 845 82 them -PRON- PRP 44541 845 83 . . . 44541 846 1 The the DT 44541 846 2 theory theory NN 44541 846 3 that that WDT 44541 846 4 acquired acquire VBD 44541 846 5 characters character NNS 44541 846 6 are be VBP 44541 846 7 hereditary hereditary JJ 44541 846 8 has have VBZ 44541 846 9 often often RB 44541 846 10 been be VBN 44541 846 11 vigorously vigorously RB 44541 846 12 attacked attack VBN 44541 846 13 ; ; : 44541 846 14 but but CC 44541 846 15 the the DT 44541 846 16 champions champion NNS 44541 846 17 of of IN 44541 846 18 the the DT 44541 846 19 negative negative JJ 44541 846 20 position position NN 44541 846 21 have have VBP 44541 846 22 not not RB 44541 846 23 given give VBN 44541 846 24 us -PRON- PRP 44541 846 25 anything anything NN 44541 846 26 satisfactory satisfactory JJ 44541 846 27 instead instead RB 44541 846 28 . . . 44541 847 1 They -PRON- PRP 44541 847 2 question question VBP 44541 847 3 , , , 44541 847 4 also also RB 44541 847 5 , , , 44541 847 6 the the DT 44541 847 7 principle principle NN 44541 847 8 of of IN 44541 847 9 adaptation adaptation NN 44541 847 10 as as IN 44541 847 11 a a DT 44541 847 12 factor factor NN 44541 847 13 in in IN 44541 847 14 Evolution Evolution NNP 44541 847 15 , , , 44541 847 16 and and CC 44541 847 17 substitute substitute NN 44541 847 18 ' ' '' 44541 847 19 variation variation NN 44541 847 20 , , , 44541 847 21 ' ' '' 44541 847 22 coupled couple VBN 44541 847 23 with with IN 44541 847 24 ' ' '' 44541 847 25 natural natural JJ 44541 847 26 selection selection NN 44541 847 27 . . . 44541 847 28 ' ' '' 44541 848 1 They -PRON- PRP 44541 848 2 point point VBP 44541 848 3 to to IN 44541 848 4 Darwin Darwin NNP 44541 848 5 's 's POS 44541 848 6 argument argument NN 44541 848 7 : : : 44541 848 8 ( ( -LRB- 44541 848 9 1 1 LS 44541 848 10 ) ) -RRB- 44541 848 11 It -PRON- PRP 44541 848 12 is be VBZ 44541 848 13 a a DT 44541 848 14 fact fact NN 44541 848 15 that that IN 44541 848 16 animals animal NNS 44541 848 17 and and CC 44541 848 18 plants plant NNS 44541 848 19 produce produce VBP 44541 848 20 a a DT 44541 848 21 much much RB 44541 848 22 greater great JJR 44541 848 23 number number NN 44541 848 24 of of IN 44541 848 25 young young JJ 44541 848 26 than than IN 44541 848 27 in in IN 44541 848 28 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 848 29 turn turn NN 44541 848 30 grow grow VB 44541 848 31 up up RP 44541 848 32 to to TO 44541 848 33 propagate propagate VB 44541 848 34 the the DT 44541 848 35 race race NN 44541 848 36 ; ; , 44541 848 37 ( ( -LRB- 44541 848 38 2 2 LS 44541 848 39 ) ) -RRB- 44541 848 40 no no DT 44541 848 41 two two CD 44541 848 42 of of IN 44541 848 43 the the DT 44541 848 44 frequently frequently RB 44541 848 45 many many JJ 44541 848 46 individuals individual NNS 44541 848 47 of of IN 44541 848 48 the the DT 44541 848 49 same same JJ 44541 848 50 breed breed NN 44541 848 51 are be VBP 44541 848 52 exactly exactly RB 44541 848 53 alike alike RB 44541 848 54 , , , 44541 848 55 although although IN 44541 848 56 the the DT 44541 848 57 differences difference NNS 44541 848 58 may may MD 44541 848 59 be be VB 44541 848 60 hidden hide VBN 44541 848 61 to to IN 44541 848 62 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 848 63 perception perception NN 44541 848 64 ( ( -LRB- 44541 848 65 this this DT 44541 848 66 is be VBZ 44541 848 67 quite quite RB 44541 848 68 true true JJ 44541 848 69 , , , 44541 848 70 because because IN 44541 848 71 no no DT 44541 848 72 two two CD 44541 848 73 entities entity NNS 44541 848 74 can can MD 44541 848 75 live live VB 44541 848 76 in in IN 44541 848 77 absolutely absolutely RB 44541 848 78 the the DT 44541 848 79 same same JJ 44541 848 80 place place NN 44541 848 81 and and CC 44541 848 82 conditions condition NNS 44541 848 83 ) ) -RRB- 44541 848 84 ; ; : 44541 848 85 ( ( -LRB- 44541 848 86 3 3 LS 44541 848 87 ) ) -RRB- 44541 848 88 through through IN 44541 848 89 heredity heredity NN 44541 848 90 the the DT 44541 848 91 offspring offspring NN 44541 848 92 takes take VBZ 44541 848 93 over over RP 44541 848 94 the the DT 44541 848 95 faculties faculty NNS 44541 848 96 and and CC 44541 848 97 features feature NNS 44541 848 98 of of IN 44541 848 99 the the DT 44541 848 100 parents parent NNS 44541 848 101 ; ; : 44541 848 102 ( ( -LRB- 44541 848 103 4 4 LS 44541 848 104 ) ) -RRB- 44541 848 105 what what WP 44541 848 106 decides decide VBZ 44541 848 107 which which WDT 44541 848 108 of of IN 44541 848 109 the the DT 44541 848 110 many many JJ 44541 848 111 individuals individual NNS 44541 848 112 ( ( -LRB- 44541 848 113 each each DT 44541 848 114 one one NN 44541 848 115 possessing possess VBG 44541 848 116 some some DT 44541 848 117 aberration aberration NN 44541 848 118 or or CC 44541 848 119 variation variation NN 44541 848 120 ) ) -RRB- 44541 848 121 are be VBP 44541 848 122 to to TO 44541 848 123 live live VB 44541 848 124 and and CC 44541 848 125 to to TO 44541 848 126 propagate propagate VB 44541 848 127 the the DT 44541 848 128 race?--obviously race?--obviously NNP 44541 848 129 those those DT 44541 848 130 individual individual JJ 44541 848 131 variations variation NNS 44541 848 132 which which WDT 44541 848 133 happen happen VBP 44541 848 134 to to TO 44541 848 135 make make VB 44541 848 136 the the DT 44541 848 137 lucky lucky JJ 44541 848 138 possessors possessor NNS 44541 848 139 most most RBS 44541 848 140 fit fit JJ 44541 848 141 for for IN 44541 848 142 the the DT 44541 848 143 struggle struggle NN 44541 848 144 for for IN 44541 848 145 life life NN 44541 848 146 . . . 44541 849 1 So so RB 44541 849 2 far far RB 44541 849 3 , , , 44541 849 4 well well UH 44541 849 5 ; ; : 44541 849 6 but but CC 44541 849 7 the the DT 44541 849 8 ' ' `` 44541 849 9 Neo Neo NNP 44541 849 10 - - HYPH 44541 849 11 Darwinians Darwinians NNP 44541 849 12 ' ' POS 44541 849 13 imagine imagine VBP 44541 849 14 that that IN 44541 849 15 ' ' `` 44541 849 16 adaptation adaptation NN 44541 849 17 ' ' '' 44541 849 18 is be VBZ 44541 849 19 not not RB 44541 849 20 the the DT 44541 849 21 cause cause NN 44541 849 22 , , , 44541 849 23 but but CC 44541 849 24 the the DT 44541 849 25 result result NN 44541 849 26 , , , 44541 849 27 the the DT 44541 849 28 effect effect NN 44541 849 29 , , , 44541 849 30 of of IN 44541 849 31 the the DT 44541 849 32 formation formation NN 44541 849 33 of of IN 44541 849 34 species specie NNS 44541 849 35 . . . 44541 850 1 According accord VBG 44541 850 2 to to IN 44541 850 3 them -PRON- PRP 44541 850 4 , , , 44541 850 5 the the DT 44541 850 6 species specie NNS 44541 850 7 are be VBP 44541 850 8 neither neither CC 44541 850 9 adapted adapt VBN 44541 850 10 by by RB 44541 850 11 , , , 44541 850 12 nor nor CC 44541 850 13 do do VBP 44541 850 14 they -PRON- PRP 44541 850 15 adapt adapt VB 44541 850 16 themselves -PRON- PRP 44541 850 17 to to IN 44541 850 18 , , , 44541 850 19 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 850 20 surroundings surrounding NNS 44541 850 21 . . . 44541 851 1 Adaptation adaptation NN 44541 851 2 is be VBZ 44541 851 3 to to IN 44541 851 4 them -PRON- PRP 44541 851 5 an an DT 44541 851 6 accomplished accomplished JJ 44541 851 7 fact fact NN 44541 851 8 , , , 44541 851 9 a a DT 44541 851 10 condition condition NN 44541 851 11 which which WDT 44541 851 12 a a DT 44541 851 13 species species NN 44541 851 14 happens happen VBZ 44541 851 15 to to TO 44541 851 16 be be VB 44541 851 17 in in RB 44541 851 18 because because IN 44541 851 19 its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 851 20 particular particular JJ 44541 851 21 variation variation NN 44541 851 22 is be VBZ 44541 851 23 the the DT 44541 851 24 one one CD 44541 851 25 which which WDT 44541 851 26 , , , 44541 851 27 to to IN 44541 851 28 the the DT 44541 851 29 exclusion exclusion NN 44541 851 30 of of IN 44541 851 31 others other NNS 44541 851 32 , , , 44541 851 33 suits suit NNS 44541 851 34 or or CC 44541 851 35 fits fit VBZ 44541 851 36 into into IN 44541 851 37 its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 851 38 surroundings surrounding NNS 44541 851 39 . . . 44541 852 1 Such such PDT 44541 852 2 a a DT 44541 852 3 view view NN 44541 852 4 simply simply RB 44541 852 5 takes take VBZ 44541 852 6 variation variation NN 44541 852 7 for for IN 44541 852 8 granted grant VBN 44541 852 9 , , , 44541 852 10 and and CC 44541 852 11 stipulates stipulate VBZ 44541 852 12 it -PRON- PRP 44541 852 13 as as IN 44541 852 14 a a DT 44541 852 15 something something NN 44541 852 16 _ _ NNP 44541 852 17 a a DT 44541 852 18 priori priori FW 44541 852 19 _ _ NNP 44541 852 20 , , , 44541 852 21 without without IN 44541 852 22 raising raise VBG 44541 852 23 the the DT 44541 852 24 further further JJ 44541 852 25 necessary necessary JJ 44541 852 26 question question NN 44541 852 27 , , , 44541 852 28 why why WRB 44541 852 29 there there EX 44541 852 30 should should MD 44541 852 31 be be VB 44541 852 32 any any DT 44541 852 33 variations variation NNS 44541 852 34 at at RB 44541 852 35 all all RB 44541 852 36 . . . 44541 853 1 Why why WRB 44541 853 2 , , , 44541 853 3 indeed indeed RB 44541 853 4 , , , 44541 853 5 unless unless IN 44541 853 6 they -PRON- PRP 44541 853 7 are be VBP 44541 853 8 caused cause VBN 44541 853 9 by by IN 44541 853 10 external external JJ 44541 853 11 influences influence NNS 44541 853 12 ? ? . 44541 854 1 Haeckel Haeckel NNP 44541 854 2 elucidated elucidate VBD 44541 854 3 this this DT 44541 854 4 by by IN 44541 854 5 the the DT 44541 854 6 conception conception NN 44541 854 7 of of IN 44541 854 8 adaptation adaptation NN 44541 854 9 as as IN 44541 854 10 explained explain VBN 44541 854 11 in in IN 44541 854 12 the the DT 44541 854 13 foregoing forego VBG 44541 854 14 pages page NNS 44541 854 15 . . . 44541 855 1 These these DT 44541 855 2 and and CC 44541 855 3 kindred kindred JJ 44541 855 4 speculations speculation NNS 44541 855 5 have have VBP 44541 855 6 produced produce VBN 44541 855 7 some some DT 44541 855 8 rather rather RB 44541 855 9 curious curious JJ 44541 855 10 discussions discussion NNS 44541 855 11 , , , 44541 855 12 which which WDT 44541 855 13 not not RB 44541 855 14 infrequently infrequently RB 44541 855 15 end end VBP 44541 855 16 in in IN 44541 855 17 conundrums conundrum NNS 44541 855 18 . . . 44541 856 1 If if IN 44541 856 2 we -PRON- PRP 44541 856 3 speak speak VBP 44541 856 4 of of IN 44541 856 5 a a DT 44541 856 6 case case NN 44541 856 7 of of IN 44541 856 8 adaptation adaptation NN 44541 856 9 as as IN 44541 856 10 a a DT 44541 856 11 condition condition NN 44541 856 12 , , , 44541 856 13 a a DT 44541 856 14 fact fact NN 44541 856 15 , , , 44541 856 16 we -PRON- PRP 44541 856 17 easily easily RB 44541 856 18 run run VBP 44541 856 19 the the DT 44541 856 20 risk risk NN 44541 856 21 of of IN 44541 856 22 getting get VBG 44541 856 23 into into IN 44541 856 24 confusion confusion NN 44541 856 25 about about IN 44541 856 26 cause cause NN 44541 856 27 and and CC 44541 856 28 effect effect NN 44541 856 29 . . . 44541 857 1 For for IN 44541 857 2 example example NN 44541 857 3 : : : 44541 857 4 Is be VBZ 44541 857 5 the the DT 44541 857 6 stag stag JJ 44541 857 7 swift swift NN 44541 857 8 because because IN 44541 857 9 he -PRON- PRP 44541 857 10 has have VBZ 44541 857 11 long long JJ 44541 857 12 and and CC 44541 857 13 slender slend JJR 44541 857 14 legs leg NNS 44541 857 15 , , , 44541 857 16 or or CC 44541 857 17 are be VBP 44541 857 18 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 857 19 legs leg NNS 44541 857 20 long long RB 44541 857 21 because because IN 44541 857 22 he -PRON- PRP 44541 857 23 is be VBZ 44541 857 24 swift swift JJ 44541 857 25 ? ? . 44541 858 1 In in IN 44541 858 2 reality reality NN 44541 858 3 , , , 44541 858 4 swiftness swiftness NN 44541 858 5 and and CC 44541 858 6 length length NN 44541 858 7 of of IN 44541 858 8 legs leg NNS 44541 858 9 are be VBP 44541 858 10 cause cause NN 44541 858 11 and and CC 44541 858 12 effect effect NN 44541 858 13 in in IN 44541 858 14 one one CD 44541 858 15 . . . 44541 859 1 His -PRON- PRP$ 44541 859 2 legs leg NNS 44541 859 3 have have VBP 44541 859 4 been be VBN 44541 859 5 so so RB 44541 859 6 modified modified JJ 44541 859 7 as as IN 44541 859 8 to to TO 44541 859 9 make make VB 44541 859 10 him -PRON- PRP 44541 859 11 swift swift JJ 44541 859 12 , , , 44541 859 13 because because IN 44541 859 14 he -PRON- PRP 44541 859 15 has have VBZ 44541 859 16 put put VBN 44541 859 17 them -PRON- PRP 44541 859 18 continuously continuously RB 44541 859 19 to to IN 44541 859 20 whatever whatever WDT 44541 859 21 was be VBD 44541 859 22 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 859 23 full full JJ 44541 859 24 speed speed NN 44541 859 25 , , , 44541 859 26 which which WDT 44541 859 27 in in IN 44541 859 28 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 859 29 thick thick JJ 44541 859 30 - - HYPH 44541 859 31 footed foot VBN 44541 859 32 ancestors ancestor NNS 44541 859 33 was be VBD 44541 859 34 probably probably RB 44541 859 35 a a DT 44541 859 36 very very RB 44541 859 37 slow slow JJ 44541 859 38 one one NN 44541 859 39 . . . 44541 860 1 The the DT 44541 860 2 above above JJ 44541 860 3 question question NN 44541 860 4 reads read VBZ 44541 860 5 , , , 44541 860 6 therefore therefore RB 44541 860 7 , , , 44541 860 8 more more RBR 44541 860 9 sensibly sensibly RB 44541 860 10 as as IN 44541 860 11 follows follow VBZ 44541 860 12 : : : 44541 860 13 Has have VBZ 44541 860 14 the the DT 44541 860 15 stag stag JJ 44541 860 16 become become VBN 44541 860 17 swift swift JJ 44541 860 18 because because IN 44541 860 19 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 860 20 legs leg NNS 44541 860 21 have have VBP 44541 860 22 become become VBN 44541 860 23 long long JJ 44541 860 24 and and CC 44541 860 25 slender slend JJR 44541 860 26 , , , 44541 860 27 or or CC 44541 860 28 have have VB 44541 860 29 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 860 30 legs leg NNS 44541 860 31 become become VB 44541 860 32 long long JJ 44541 860 33 and and CC 44541 860 34 slender slend JJR 44541 860 35 because because IN 44541 860 36 he -PRON- PRP 44541 860 37 has have VBZ 44541 860 38 attained attain VBN 44541 860 39 swiftness swiftness NN 44541 860 40 ? ? . 44541 861 1 Now now RB 44541 861 2 , , , 44541 861 3 we -PRON- PRP 44541 861 4 see see VBP 44541 861 5 that that IN 44541 861 6 both both DT 44541 861 7 halves half NNS 44541 861 8 of of IN 44541 861 9 the the DT 44541 861 10 double double JJ 44541 861 11 question question NN 44541 861 12 are be VBP 44541 861 13 practically practically RB 44541 861 14 the the DT 44541 861 15 same same JJ 44541 861 16 and and CC 44541 861 17 instantly instantly RB 44541 861 18 suggest suggest VBP 44541 861 19 the the DT 44541 861 20 answer answer NN 44541 861 21 . . . 44541 862 1 A a DT 44541 862 2 fundamental fundamental JJ 44541 862 3 difference difference NN 44541 862 4 between between IN 44541 862 5 artificial artificial JJ 44541 862 6 machines machine NNS 44541 862 7 and and CC 44541 862 8 living living NN 44541 862 9 organisms organism NNS 44541 862 10 is be VBZ 44541 862 11 that that IN 44541 862 12 the the DT 44541 862 13 former former JJ 44541 862 14 are be VBP 44541 862 15 worn wear VBN 44541 862 16 out out RP 44541 862 17 by by IN 44541 862 18 use use NN 44541 862 19 , , , 44541 862 20 while while IN 44541 862 21 the the DT 44541 862 22 latter latter JJ 44541 862 23 not not RB 44541 862 24 only only RB 44541 862 25 repair repair VB 44541 862 26 the the DT 44541 862 27 loss loss NN 44541 862 28 caused cause VBN 44541 862 29 by by IN 44541 862 30 use use NN 44541 862 31 , , , 44541 862 32 but but CC 44541 862 33 are be VBP 44541 862 34 also also RB 44541 862 35 stimulated stimulate VBN 44541 862 36 to to IN 44541 862 37 further far RBR 44541 862 38 increase increase VB 44541 862 39 . . . 44541 863 1 On on IN 44541 863 2 the the DT 44541 863 3 other other JJ 44541 863 4 hand hand NN 44541 863 5 , , , 44541 863 6 organs organ NNS 44541 863 7 which which WDT 44541 863 8 are be VBP 44541 863 9 not not RB 44541 863 10 put put VBN 44541 863 11 into into IN 44541 863 12 function function NN 44541 863 13 , , , 44541 863 14 or or CC 44541 863 15 are be VBP 44541 863 16 not not RB 44541 863 17 used use VBN 44541 863 18 , , , 44541 863 19 _ _ NNP 44541 863 20 degenerate degenerate NN 44541 863 21 _ _ NNP 44541 863 22 . . . 44541 864 1 The the DT 44541 864 2 various various JJ 44541 864 3 cells cell NNS 44541 864 4 of of IN 44541 864 5 the the DT 44541 864 6 organ organ NN 44541 864 7 react react NN 44541 864 8 upon upon IN 44541 864 9 external external JJ 44541 864 10 stimuli stimulus NNS 44541 864 11 by by IN 44541 864 12 increased increase VBN 44541 864 13 activity activity NN 44541 864 14 . . . 44541 865 1 Why why WRB 44541 865 2 this this DT 44541 865 3 should should MD 44541 865 4 be be VB 44541 865 5 so so RB 44541 865 6 is be VBZ 44541 865 7 another another DT 44541 865 8 question question NN 44541 865 9 -- -- : 44541 865 10 perhaps perhaps RB 44541 865 11 because because IN 44541 865 12 those those DT 44541 865 13 which which WDT 44541 865 14 do do VBP 44541 865 15 not not RB 44541 865 16 would would MD 44541 865 17 soon soon RB 44541 865 18 be be VB 44541 865 19 not not RB 44541 865 20 fit fit JJ 44541 865 21 to to TO 44541 865 22 survive survive VB 44541 865 23 . . . 44541 866 1 Each each DT 44541 866 2 cell cell NN 44541 866 3 has have VBZ 44541 866 4 a a DT 44541 866 5 function function NN 44541 866 6 ; ; : 44541 866 7 the the DT 44541 866 8 more more RBR 44541 866 9 specialized specialize VBD 44541 866 10 the the DT 44541 866 11 more more RBR 44541 866 12 intense intense JJ 44541 866 13 it -PRON- PRP 44541 866 14 is be VBZ 44541 866 15 . . . 44541 867 1 Every every DT 44541 867 2 external external JJ 44541 867 3 stimulus stimulus NN 44541 867 4 , , , 44541 867 5 every every DT 44541 867 6 contact contact NN 44541 867 7 with with IN 44541 867 8 the the DT 44541 867 9 outer outer JJ 44541 867 10 surroundings surrounding NNS 44541 867 11 , , , 44541 867 12 is be VBZ 44541 867 13 an an DT 44541 867 14 insult insult NN 44541 867 15 , , , 44541 867 16 necessarily necessarily RB 44541 867 17 of of IN 44541 867 18 detrimental detrimental JJ 44541 867 19 effect effect NN 44541 867 20 , , , 44541 867 21 as as IN 44541 867 22 it -PRON- PRP 44541 867 23 disturbs disturb VBZ 44541 867 24 the the DT 44541 867 25 equilibrium equilibrium NN 44541 867 26 of of IN 44541 867 27 the the DT 44541 867 28 cell cell NN 44541 867 29 body body NN 44541 867 30 . . . 44541 868 1 It -PRON- PRP 44541 868 2 must must MD 44541 868 3 , , , 44541 868 4 therefore therefore RB 44541 868 5 , , , 44541 868 6 be be VB 44541 868 7 of of IN 44541 868 8 advantage advantage NN 44541 868 9 to to IN 44541 868 10 the the DT 44541 868 11 cells cell NNS 44541 868 12 ' ' POS 44541 868 13 well well RB 44541 868 14 - - HYPH 44541 868 15 being being NN 44541 868 16 to to TO 44541 868 17 return return VB 44541 868 18 as as RB 44541 868 19 soon soon RB 44541 868 20 as as IN 44541 868 21 possible possible JJ 44541 868 22 to to IN 44541 868 23 the the DT 44541 868 24 _ _ NNP 44541 868 25 status status NN 44541 868 26 quo quo NN 44541 868 27 ante ante NNP 44541 868 28 _ _ NNP 44541 868 29 , , , 44541 868 30 and and CC 44541 868 31 this this DT 44541 868 32 can can MD 44541 868 33 only only RB 44541 868 34 be be VB 44541 868 35 done do VBN 44541 868 36 by by IN 44541 868 37 increased increase VBN 44541 868 38 activity activity NN 44541 868 39 . . . 44541 869 1 In in IN 44541 869 2 the the DT 44541 869 3 present present JJ 44541 869 4 state state NN 44541 869 5 of of IN 44541 869 6 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 869 7 knowledge knowledge NN 44541 869 8 , , , 44541 869 9 we -PRON- PRP 44541 869 10 can can MD 44541 869 11 approach approach VB 44541 869 12 only only RB 44541 869 13 the the DT 44541 869 14 simplest simple JJS 44541 869 15 cases case NNS 44541 869 16 of of IN 44541 869 17 acquisition acquisition NN 44541 869 18 of of IN 44541 869 19 characteristics characteristic NNS 44541 869 20 . . . 44541 870 1 Mostly mostly RB 44541 870 2 they -PRON- PRP 44541 870 3 are be VBP 44541 870 4 so so RB 44541 870 5 complicated complicated JJ 44541 870 6 , , , 44541 870 7 subject subject JJ 44541 870 8 to to IN 44541 870 9 so so RB 44541 870 10 many many JJ 44541 870 11 unthought unthought JJ 44541 870 12 - - HYPH 44541 870 13 of of IN 44541 870 14 conditions condition NNS 44541 870 15 , , , 44541 870 16 that that IN 44541 870 17 we -PRON- PRP 44541 870 18 do do VBP 44541 870 19 not not RB 44541 870 20 know know VB 44541 870 21 from from IN 44541 870 22 which which WDT 44541 870 23 end end NN 44541 870 24 to to TO 44541 870 25 approach approach VB 44541 870 26 the the DT 44541 870 27 problem problem NN 44541 870 28 . . . 44541 871 1 Frequently frequently RB 44541 871 2 the the DT 44541 871 3 supposed suppose VBN 44541 871 4 use use NN 44541 871 5 of of IN 44541 871 6 certain certain JJ 44541 871 7 obvious obvious JJ 44541 871 8 features feature NNS 44541 871 9 is be VBZ 44541 871 10 the the DT 44541 871 11 merest mere JJS 44541 871 12 guesswork guesswork NN 44541 871 13 . . . 44541 872 1 This this DT 44541 872 2 applies apply VBZ 44541 872 3 especially especially RB 44541 872 4 to to IN 44541 872 5 features feature NNS 44541 872 6 to to TO 44541 872 7 which which WDT 44541 872 8 we -PRON- PRP 44541 872 9 are be VBP 44541 872 10 not not RB 44541 872 11 accustomed accustomed JJ 44541 872 12 ( ( -LRB- 44541 872 13 although although IN 44541 872 14 wrongly wrongly RB 44541 872 15 so so RB 44541 872 16 ) ) -RRB- 44541 872 17 to to TO 44541 872 18 assign assign VB 44541 872 19 a a DT 44541 872 20 function function NN 44541 872 21 -- -- : 44541 872 22 for for IN 44541 872 23 example example NN 44541 872 24 , , , 44541 872 25 coloration coloration NN 44541 872 26 . . . 44541 873 1 A a DT 44541 873 2 green green JJ 44541 873 3 tree tree NN 44541 873 4 - - HYPH 44541 873 5 frog frog NN 44541 873 6 will will MD 44541 873 7 with with IN 44541 873 8 predilection predilection NN 44541 873 9 rest rest VB 44541 873 10 on on IN 44541 873 11 green green JJ 44541 873 12 leaves leave NNS 44541 873 13 . . . 44541 874 1 The the DT 44541 874 2 advantages advantage NNS 44541 874 3 of of IN 44541 874 4 concealment concealment NN 44541 874 5 are be VBP 44541 874 6 obvious obvious JJ 44541 874 7 , , , 44541 874 8 and and CC 44541 874 9 in in IN 44541 874 10 this this DT 44541 874 11 case case NN 44541 874 12 he -PRON- PRP 44541 874 13 ' ' `` 44541 874 14 adapts adapt VBZ 44541 874 15 himself -PRON- PRP 44541 874 16 ' ' '' 44541 874 17 to to IN 44541 874 18 the the DT 44541 874 19 surroundings surrounding NNS 44541 874 20 by by IN 44541 874 21 making make VBG 44541 874 22 for for IN 44541 874 23 green green JJ 44541 874 24 localities locality NNS 44541 874 25 : : : 44541 874 26 if if IN 44541 874 27 he -PRON- PRP 44541 874 28 did do VBD 44541 874 29 not not RB 44541 874 30 he -PRON- PRP 44541 874 31 would would MD 44541 874 32 be be VB 44541 874 33 eaten eat VBN 44541 874 34 up up RP 44541 874 35 sooner soon RBR 44541 874 36 than than IN 44541 874 37 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 874 38 more more RBR 44541 874 39 circumspect circumspect JJ 44541 874 40 comrades comrade NNS 44541 874 41 . . . 44541 875 1 But but CC 44541 875 2 this this DT 44541 875 3 making making NN 44541 875 4 for for IN 44541 875 5 , , , 44541 875 6 and and CC 44541 875 7 sitting sit VBG 44541 875 8 in in RP 44541 875 9 , , , 44541 875 10 the the DT 44541 875 11 green green NN 44541 875 12 has have VBZ 44541 875 13 not not RB 44541 875 14 _ _ NNP 44541 875 15 necessarily necessarily RB 44541 875 16 _ _ NNP 44541 875 17 made make VBD 44541 875 18 him -PRON- PRP 44541 875 19 of of IN 44541 875 20 that that DT 44541 875 21 colour colour NN 44541 875 22 . . . 44541 876 1 Extreme extreme JJ 44541 876 2 advocates advocate NNS 44541 876 3 of of IN 44541 876 4 one one CD 44541 876 5 view view NN 44541 876 6 would would MD 44541 876 7 argue argue VB 44541 876 8 as as IN 44541 876 9 follows follow VBZ 44541 876 10 : : : 44541 876 11 Once once RB 44541 876 12 upon upon IN 44541 876 13 a a DT 44541 876 14 time time NN 44541 876 15 there there EX 44541 876 16 were be VBD 44541 876 17 among among IN 44541 876 18 the the DT 44541 876 19 offspring offspring NN 44541 876 20 of of IN 44541 876 21 ancestral ancestral JJ 44541 876 22 tree tree NN 44541 876 23 - - HYPH 44541 876 24 frogs frog NNS 44541 876 25 some some DT 44541 876 26 which which WDT 44541 876 27 , , , 44541 876 28 among among IN 44541 876 29 other other JJ 44541 876 30 colours colour NNS 44541 876 31 , , , 44541 876 32 exhibited exhibit VBN 44541 876 33 green green JJ 44541 876 34 , , , 44541 876 35 not not RB 44541 876 36 much much JJ 44541 876 37 , , , 44541 876 38 perhaps perhaps RB 44541 876 39 not not RB 44541 876 40 even even RB 44541 876 41 perceptible perceptible JJ 44541 876 42 to to IN 44541 876 43 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 876 44 eyes eye NNS 44541 876 45 . . . 44541 877 1 The the DT 44541 877 2 occurrence occurrence NN 44541 877 3 of of IN 44541 877 4 this this DT 44541 877 5 colour colour NN 44541 877 6 , , , 44541 877 7 according accord VBG 44541 877 8 to to IN 44541 877 9 them -PRON- PRP 44541 877 10 , , , 44541 877 11 was be VBD 44541 877 12 spontaneous spontaneous JJ 44541 877 13 , , , 44541 877 14 a a DT 44541 877 15 freak freak NN 44541 877 16 -- -- : 44541 877 17 as as IN 44541 877 18 if if IN 44541 877 19 in in IN 44541 877 20 reality reality NN 44541 877 21 there there EX 44541 877 22 were be VBD 44541 877 23 anything anything NN 44541 877 24 spontaneous spontaneous JJ 44541 877 25 in in IN 44541 877 26 the the DT 44541 877 27 sense sense NN 44541 877 28 of of IN 44541 877 29 being be VBG 44541 877 30 causeless causeless JJ 44541 877 31 . . . 44541 878 1 The the DT 44541 878 2 descendants descendant NNS 44541 878 3 of of IN 44541 878 4 these these DT 44541 878 5 more more JJR 44541 878 6 greenish greenish JJ 44541 878 7 creatures creature NNS 44541 878 8 , , , 44541 878 9 provided provide VBN 44541 878 10 they -PRON- PRP 44541 878 11 did do VBD 44541 878 12 not not RB 44541 878 13 pair pair VB 44541 878 14 with with IN 44541 878 15 frogs frog NNS 44541 878 16 of of IN 44541 878 17 the the DT 44541 878 18 ordinary ordinary JJ 44541 878 19 set set NN 44541 878 20 , , , 44541 878 21 became become VBD 44541 878 22 still still RB 44541 878 23 greener green JJR 44541 878 24 ( ( -LRB- 44541 878 25 by by IN 44541 878 26 accumulative accumulative JJ 44541 878 27 inheritance inheritance NN 44541 878 28 ) ) -RRB- 44541 878 29 , , , 44541 878 30 and and CC 44541 878 31 so so RB 44541 878 32 on on RB 44541 878 33 , , , 44541 878 34 until until IN 44541 878 35 the the DT 44541 878 36 green green NN 44541 878 37 was be VBD 44541 878 38 pronounced pronounce VBN 44541 878 39 sufficient sufficient JJ 44541 878 40 to to TO 44541 878 41 be be VB 44541 878 42 of of IN 44541 878 43 advantage advantage NN 44541 878 44 when when WRB 44541 878 45 competition competition NN 44541 878 46 could could MD 44541 878 47 set set VB 44541 878 48 in in RP 44541 878 49 . . . 44541 879 1 With with IN 44541 879 2 this this DT 44541 879 3 view view NN 44541 879 4 there there EX 44541 879 5 is be VBZ 44541 879 6 always always RB 44541 879 7 the the DT 44541 879 8 difficulty difficulty NN 44541 879 9 of of IN 44541 879 10 understanding understand VBG 44541 879 11 how how WRB 44541 879 12 the the DT 44541 879 13 initial initial JJ 44541 879 14 very very RB 44541 879 15 small small JJ 44541 879 16 changes change NNS 44541 879 17 can can MD 44541 879 18 be be VB 44541 879 19 useful useful JJ 44541 879 20 , , , 44541 879 21 unless unless IN 44541 879 22 we -PRON- PRP 44541 879 23 have have VBP 44541 879 24 to to TO 44541 879 25 deal deal VB 44541 879 26 with with IN 44541 879 27 extremely extremely RB 44541 879 28 simple simple JJ 44541 879 29 organisms organism NNS 44541 879 30 . . . 44541 880 1 Is be VBZ 44541 880 2 it -PRON- PRP 44541 880 3 likely likely JJ 44541 880 4 in in IN 44541 880 5 the the DT 44541 880 6 case case NN 44541 880 7 of of IN 44541 880 8 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 880 9 frogs frog NNS 44541 880 10 that that WDT 44541 880 11 an an DT 44541 880 12 almost almost RB 44541 880 13 imperceptible imperceptible JJ 44541 880 14 variation variation NN 44541 880 15 in in IN 44541 880 16 colour colour NN 44541 880 17 makes make VBZ 44541 880 18 them -PRON- PRP 44541 880 19 more more RBR 44541 880 20 fit fit JJ 44541 880 21 to to TO 44541 880 22 live live VB 44541 880 23 ? ? . 44541 881 1 We -PRON- PRP 44541 881 2 have have VBP 44541 881 3 to to TO 44541 881 4 assume assume VB 44541 881 5 that that IN 44541 881 6 ' ' `` 44541 881 7 luck luck NN 44541 881 8 ' ' '' 44541 881 9 or or CC 44541 881 10 chance chance NN 44541 881 11 kept keep VBD 44541 881 12 them -PRON- PRP 44541 881 13 for for IN 44541 881 14 generations generation NNS 44541 881 15 out out IN 44541 881 16 of of IN 44541 881 17 harm harm NN 44541 881 18 's 's POS 44541 881 19 reach reach NN 44541 881 20 , , , 44541 881 21 until until IN 44541 881 22 the the DT 44541 881 23 accumulation accumulation NN 44541 881 24 of of IN 44541 881 25 green green NNP 44541 881 26 , , , 44541 881 27 hitherto hitherto JJ 44541 881 28 quite quite RB 44541 881 29 ineffective ineffective JJ 44541 881 30 , , , 44541 881 31 neither neither CC 44541 881 32 harmful harmful JJ 44541 881 33 nor nor CC 44541 881 34 useful useful JJ 44541 881 35 , , , 44541 881 36 became become VBD 44541 881 37 strong strong JJ 44541 881 38 enough enough RB 44541 881 39 to to TO 44541 881 40 be be VB 44541 881 41 effective effective JJ 44541 881 42 . . . 44541 882 1 Such such JJ 44541 882 2 cases case NNS 44541 882 3 undoubtedly undoubtedly RB 44541 882 4 happen happen VBP 44541 882 5 . . . 44541 883 1 But but CC 44541 883 2 we -PRON- PRP 44541 883 3 can can MD 44541 883 4 also also RB 44541 883 5 argue argue VB 44541 883 6 out out RP 44541 883 7 this this DT 44541 883 8 problem problem NN 44541 883 9 in in IN 44541 883 10 a a DT 44541 883 11 somewhat somewhat RB 44541 883 12 different different JJ 44541 883 13 way way NN 44541 883 14 , , , 44541 883 15 which which WDT 44541 883 16 goes go VBZ 44541 883 17 nearer near RBR 44541 883 18 to to IN 44541 883 19 the the DT 44541 883 20 root root NN 44541 883 21 of of IN 44541 883 22 the the DT 44541 883 23 whole whole JJ 44541 883 24 process process NN 44541 883 25 . . . 44541 884 1 The the DT 44541 884 2 original original JJ 44541 884 3 slight slight NN 44541 884 4 , , , 44541 884 5 imperceptible imperceptible JJ 44541 884 6 change change NN 44541 884 7 in in IN 44541 884 8 pigmentation pigmentation NN 44541 884 9 is be VBZ 44541 884 10 not not RB 44541 884 11 a a DT 44541 884 12 spontaneous spontaneous JJ 44541 884 13 freak freak NN 44541 884 14 ; ; : 44541 884 15 it -PRON- PRP 44541 884 16 was be VBD 44541 884 17 caused cause VBN 44541 884 18 by by IN 44541 884 19 the the DT 44541 884 20 direct direct JJ 44541 884 21 influence influence NN 44541 884 22 of of IN 44541 884 23 the the DT 44541 884 24 surroundings surrounding NNS 44541 884 25 in in IN 44541 884 26 which which WDT 44541 884 27 the the DT 44541 884 28 particular particular JJ 44541 884 29 frogs frog NNS 44541 884 30 happened happen VBD 44541 884 31 to to TO 44541 884 32 live live VB 44541 884 33 , , , 44541 884 34 be be VB 44541 884 35 this this DT 44541 884 36 factor factor NN 44541 884 37 light light NN 44541 884 38 or or CC 44541 884 39 temperature temperature NN 44541 884 40 or or CC 44541 884 41 food food NN 44541 884 42 . . . 44541 885 1 Thus thus RB 44541 885 2 it -PRON- PRP 44541 885 3 stands stand VBZ 44541 885 4 to to TO 44541 885 5 reason reason NN 44541 885 6 that that IN 44541 885 7 the the DT 44541 885 8 offspring offspring NN 44541 885 9 , , , 44541 885 10 living live VBG 44541 885 11 under under IN 44541 885 12 similar similar JJ 44541 885 13 conditions condition NNS 44541 885 14 , , , 44541 885 15 will will MD 44541 885 16 be be VB 44541 885 17 acted act VBN 44541 885 18 upon upon IN 44541 885 19 in in IN 44541 885 20 the the DT 44541 885 21 same same JJ 44541 885 22 way way NN 44541 885 23 . . . 44541 886 1 That that DT 44541 886 2 factor factor NN 44541 886 3 which which WDT 44541 886 4 has have VBZ 44541 886 5 added add VBN 44541 886 6 green green JJ 44541 886 7 to to IN 44541 886 8 the the DT 44541 886 9 parents parent NNS 44541 886 10 will will MD 44541 886 11 add add VB 44541 886 12 green green JJ 44541 886 13 to to IN 44541 886 14 the the DT 44541 886 15 children child NNS 44541 886 16 , , , 44541 886 17 until until IN 44541 886 18 by by IN 44541 886 19 accumulative accumulative JJ 44541 886 20 inheritance inheritance NN 44541 886 21 a a DT 44541 886 22 more more RBR 44541 886 23 decidedly decidedly RB 44541 886 24 green green JJ 44541 886 25 race race NN 44541 886 26 is be VBZ 44541 886 27 produced produce VBN 44541 886 28 . . . 44541 887 1 The the DT 44541 887 2 offspring offspring NN 44541 887 3 of of IN 44541 887 4 green green JJ 44541 887 5 plants plant NNS 44541 887 6 do do VBP 44541 887 7 not not RB 44541 887 8 become become VB 44541 887 9 green green JJ 44541 887 10 when when WRB 44541 887 11 grown grow VBN 44541 887 12 in in IN 44541 887 13 the the DT 44541 887 14 dark dark NN 44541 887 15 ; ; : 44541 887 16 the the DT 44541 887 17 young young JJ 44541 887 18 plants plant NNS 44541 887 19 inherit inherit VBP 44541 887 20 not not RB 44541 887 21 the the DT 44541 887 22 green green JJ 44541 887 23 , , , 44541 887 24 but but CC 44541 887 25 the the DT 44541 887 26 capacity capacity NN 44541 887 27 of of IN 44541 887 28 becoming become VBG 44541 887 29 green green JJ 44541 887 30 when when WRB 44541 887 31 acted act VBN 44541 887 32 upon upon IN 44541 887 33 by by IN 44541 887 34 sunlight sunlight NN 44541 887 35 . . . 44541 888 1 This this DT 44541 888 2 as as IN 44541 888 3 an an DT 44541 888 4 instance instance NN 44541 888 5 of of IN 44541 888 6 direct direct JJ 44541 888 7 influence influence NN 44541 888 8 of of IN 44541 888 9 the the DT 44541 888 10 surroundings surrounding NNS 44541 888 11 on on IN 44541 888 12 a a DT 44541 888 13 substance substance NN 44541 888 14 ( ( -LRB- 44541 888 15 chlorophyll chlorophyll NNP 44541 888 16 ) ) -RRB- 44541 888 17 , , , 44541 888 18 which which WDT 44541 888 19 has have VBZ 44541 888 20 not not RB 44541 888 21 yet yet RB 44541 888 22 performed perform VBN 44541 888 23 a a DT 44541 888 24 function function NN 44541 888 25 . . . 44541 889 1 But but CC 44541 889 2 the the DT 44541 889 3 kittens kitten NNS 44541 889 4 of of IN 44541 889 5 a a DT 44541 889 6 pair pair NN 44541 889 7 of of IN 44541 889 8 black black JJ 44541 889 9 cats cat NNS 44541 889 10 produce produce VBP 44541 889 11 black black JJ 44541 889 12 hair hair NN 44541 889 13 before before IN 44541 889 14 they -PRON- PRP 44541 889 15 are be VBP 44541 889 16 born bear VBN 44541 889 17 , , , 44541 889 18 and and CC 44541 889 19 we -PRON- PRP 44541 889 20 have have VBP 44541 889 21 no no DT 44541 889 22 reason reason NN 44541 889 23 to to TO 44541 889 24 doubt doubt VB 44541 889 25 that that IN 44541 889 26 the the DT 44541 889 27 black black JJ 44541 889 28 pigment pigment NN 44541 889 29 in in IN 44541 889 30 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 889 31 tegumentary tegumentary JJ 44541 889 32 structures structure NNS 44541 889 33 is be VBZ 44541 889 34 ultimately ultimately RB 44541 889 35 referable referable JJ 44541 889 36 to to IN 44541 889 37 the the DT 44541 889 38 action action NN 44541 889 39 of of IN 44541 889 40 the the DT 44541 889 41 sunlight sunlight NN 44541 889 42 . . . 44541 890 1 In in IN 44541 890 2 many many JJ 44541 890 3 instances instance NNS 44541 890 4 creatures creature NNS 44541 890 5 living live VBG 44541 890 6 for for IN 44541 890 7 generations generation NNS 44541 890 8 in in IN 44541 890 9 darkness darkness NN 44541 890 10 become become VBP 44541 890 11 white white JJ 44541 890 12 , , , 44541 890 13 pigmentless pigmentless NN 44541 890 14 , , , 44541 890 15 and and CC 44541 890 16 they -PRON- PRP 44541 890 17 regain regain VBP 44541 890 18 it -PRON- PRP 44541 890 19 when when WRB 44541 890 20 exposed expose VBN 44541 890 21 to to IN 44541 890 22 light light NN 44541 890 23 . . . 44541 891 1 For for IN 44541 891 2 example example NN 44541 891 3 , , , 44541 891 4 the the DT 44541 891 5 white white JJ 44541 891 6 , , , 44541 891 7 colourless colourless JJ 44541 891 8 Proteus Proteus NNP 44541 891 9 from from IN 44541 891 10 the the DT 44541 891 11 caves cave NNS 44541 891 12 of of IN 44541 891 13 Adelsberg Adelsberg NNP 44541 891 14 becomes become VBZ 44541 891 15 clouded clouded JJ 44541 891 16 grey grey NN 44541 891 17 , , , 44541 891 18 and and CC 44541 891 19 ultimately ultimately RB 44541 891 20 jet jet VBP 44541 891 21 black black NN 44541 891 22 , , , 44541 891 23 when when WRB 44541 891 24 kept keep VBN 44541 891 25 in in IN 44541 891 26 a a DT 44541 891 27 tank tank NN 44541 891 28 whence whence NN 44541 891 29 light light NN 44541 891 30 is be VBZ 44541 891 31 not not RB 44541 891 32 strictly strictly RB 44541 891 33 excluded exclude VBN 44541 891 34 . . . 44541 892 1 Blindness blindness NN 44541 892 2 is be VBZ 44541 892 3 a a DT 44541 892 4 very very RB 44541 892 5 general general JJ 44541 892 6 characteristic characteristic NN 44541 892 7 of of IN 44541 892 8 creatures creature NNS 44541 892 9 which which WDT 44541 892 10 dwell dwell VBP 44541 892 11 in in IN 44541 892 12 darkness darkness NN 44541 892 13 . . . 44541 893 1 There there EX 44541 893 2 are be VBP 44541 893 3 all all DT 44541 893 4 stages stage NNS 44541 893 5 between between IN 44541 893 6 total total JJ 44541 893 7 blindness blindness NN 44541 893 8 and and CC 44541 893 9 weak weak JJ 44541 893 10 eyes eye NNS 44541 893 11 . . . 44541 894 1 Now now RB 44541 894 2 , , , 44541 894 3 do do VB 44541 894 4 these these DT 44541 894 5 blind blind JJ 44541 894 6 creatures creature NNS 44541 894 7 live live VBP 44541 894 8 in in IN 44541 894 9 darkness darkness NN 44541 894 10 because because IN 44541 894 11 they -PRON- PRP 44541 894 12 are be VBP 44541 894 13 blind blind JJ 44541 894 14 , , , 44541 894 15 or or CC 44541 894 16 have have VBP 44541 894 17 they -PRON- PRP 44541 894 18 become become VB 44541 894 19 first first JJ 44541 894 20 weak weak JJ 44541 894 21 - - HYPH 44541 894 22 eyed eyed JJ 44541 894 23 and and CC 44541 894 24 then then RB 44541 894 25 blind blind JJ 44541 894 26 because because IN 44541 894 27 of of IN 44541 894 28 the the DT 44541 894 29 continuous continuous JJ 44541 894 30 disuse disuse NN 44541 894 31 of of IN 44541 894 32 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 894 33 eyes eye NNS 44541 894 34 ? ? . 44541 895 1 The the DT 44541 895 2 former former JJ 44541 895 3 explanation explanation NN 44541 895 4 has have VBZ 44541 895 5 actually actually RB 44541 895 6 been be VBN 44541 895 7 suggested suggest VBN 44541 895 8 ! ! . 44541 896 1 Individuals individual NNS 44541 896 2 not not RB 44541 896 3 smitten smitten JJ 44541 896 4 , , , 44541 896 5 but but CC 44541 896 6 spontaneously spontaneously RB 44541 896 7 , , , 44541 896 8 as as IN 44541 896 9 a a DT 44541 896 10 freak freak NN 44541 896 11 , , , 44541 896 12 born bear VBN 44541 896 13 with with IN 44541 896 14 sore sore JJ 44541 896 15 eyes eye NNS 44541 896 16 , , , 44541 896 17 have have VBP 44541 896 18 crept creep VBN 44541 896 19 into into IN 44541 896 20 the the DT 44541 896 21 darkness darkness NN 44541 896 22 for for IN 44541 896 23 relief relief NN 44541 896 24 and and CC 44541 896 25 have have VBP 44541 896 26 produced produce VBN 44541 896 27 a a DT 44541 896 28 blind blind JJ 44541 896 29 race race NN 44541 896 30 ! ! . 44541 897 1 To to TO 44541 897 2 carry carry VB 44541 897 3 such such PDT 44541 897 4 a a DT 44541 897 5 notion notion NN 44541 897 6 to to IN 44541 897 7 the the DT 44541 897 8 bitter bitter JJ 44541 897 9 end end NN 44541 897 10 leads lead VBZ 44541 897 11 to to IN 44541 897 12 absurdities absurdity NNS 44541 897 13 . . . 44541 898 1 Anyhow anyhow RB 44541 898 2 , , , 44541 898 3 it -PRON- PRP 44541 898 4 is be VBZ 44541 898 5 not not RB 44541 898 6 understandable understandable JJ 44541 898 7 where where WRB 44541 898 8 the the DT 44541 898 9 benefit benefit NN 44541 898 10 of of IN 44541 898 11 losing lose VBG 44541 898 12 the the DT 44541 898 13 eyesight eyesight NN 44541 898 14 arises arise VBZ 44541 898 15 . . . 44541 899 1 It -PRON- PRP 44541 899 2 can can MD 44541 899 3 be be VB 44541 899 4 explained explain VBN 44541 899 5 only only RB 44541 899 6 by by IN 44541 899 7 continued continued JJ 44541 899 8 disuse disuse NN 44541 899 9 : : : 44541 899 10 witness witness NN 44541 899 11 _ _ NNP 44541 899 12 Spalax Spalax NNP 44541 899 13 typhlus typhlus JJ 44541 899 14 _ _ NNP 44541 899 15 , , , 44541 899 16 the the DT 44541 899 17 blind blind JJ 44541 899 18 mole mole NNP 44541 899 19 , , , 44541 899 20 and and CC 44541 899 21 , , , 44541 899 22 above above IN 44541 899 23 all all DT 44541 899 24 , , , 44541 899 25 the the DT 44541 899 26 Endoparasites Endoparasites NNPS 44541 899 27 . . . 44541 900 1 Let let VB 44541 900 2 us -PRON- PRP 44541 900 3 now now RB 44541 900 4 take take VB 44541 900 5 an an DT 44541 900 6 example example NN 44541 900 7 to to TO 44541 900 8 explain explain VB 44541 900 9 the the DT 44541 900 10 influence influence NN 44541 900 11 of of IN 44541 900 12 a a DT 44541 900 13 tangible tangible JJ 44541 900 14 external external JJ 44541 900 15 stimulus stimulus NN 44541 900 16 . . . 44541 901 1 Repeated repeat VBN 44541 901 2 pressure pressure NN 44541 901 3 produces produce VBZ 44541 901 4 callosities callosity NNS 44541 901 5 . . . 44541 902 1 Although although IN 44541 902 2 they -PRON- PRP 44541 902 3 are be VBP 44541 902 4 not not RB 44541 902 5 exactly exactly RB 44541 902 6 beneficial beneficial JJ 44541 902 7 in in IN 44541 902 8 the the DT 44541 902 9 shape shape NN 44541 902 10 of of IN 44541 902 11 corns corn NNS 44541 902 12 on on IN 44541 902 13 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 902 14 toes toe NNS 44541 902 15 , , , 44541 902 16 they -PRON- PRP 44541 902 17 are be VBP 44541 902 18 so so RB 44541 902 19 on on IN 44541 902 20 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 902 21 hands hand NNS 44541 902 22 . . . 44541 903 1 At at IN 44541 903 2 any any DT 44541 903 3 rate rate NN 44541 903 4 , , , 44541 903 5 the the DT 44541 903 6 morphologist morphologist NN 44541 903 7 can can MD 44541 903 8 trace trace VB 44541 903 9 the the DT 44541 903 10 development development NN 44541 903 11 of of IN 44541 903 12 the the DT 44541 903 13 footpads footpad NNS 44541 903 14 , , , 44541 903 15 nails nail NNS 44541 903 16 , , , 44541 903 17 hoofs hoofs NNP 44541 903 18 , , , 44541 903 19 and and CC 44541 903 20 horns horn NNS 44541 903 21 , , , 44541 903 22 step step NN 44541 903 23 by by IN 44541 903 24 step step NN 44541 903 25 from from IN 44541 903 26 small small JJ 44541 903 27 beginnings beginning NNS 44541 903 28 . . . 44541 904 1 The the DT 44541 904 2 cells cell NNS 44541 904 3 of of IN 44541 904 4 the the DT 44541 904 5 Malpighian malpighian JJ 44541 904 6 stratum stratum NN 44541 904 7 , , , 44541 904 8 of of IN 44541 904 9 the the DT 44541 904 10 inner inner JJ 44541 904 11 , , , 44541 904 12 active active JJ 44541 904 13 portion portion NN 44541 904 14 of of IN 44541 904 15 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 904 16 epidermis epidermis NN 44541 904 17 , , , 44541 904 18 are be VBP 44541 904 19 excited excited JJ 44541 904 20 to to IN 44541 904 21 extra extra JJ 44541 904 22 activity activity NN 44541 904 23 , , , 44541 904 24 and and CC 44541 904 25 by by IN 44541 904 26 continually continually RB 44541 904 27 producing produce VBG 44541 904 28 more more JJR 44541 904 29 horn horn NN 44541 904 30 cells cell NNS 44541 904 31 than than IN 44541 904 32 peel peel VB 44541 904 33 off off IN 44541 904 34 the the DT 44541 904 35 surface surface NN 44541 904 36 of of IN 44541 904 37 the the DT 44541 904 38 skin skin NN 44541 904 39 in in IN 44541 904 40 the the DT 44541 904 41 normal normal JJ 44541 904 42 process process NN 44541 904 43 of of IN 44541 904 44 wear wear NN 44541 904 45 and and CC 44541 904 46 tear tear NN 44541 904 47 cause cause VB 44541 904 48 the the DT 44541 904 49 formation formation NN 44541 904 50 of of IN 44541 904 51 the the DT 44541 904 52 pad pad NN 44541 904 53 . . . 44541 905 1 It -PRON- PRP 44541 905 2 need nee MD 44541 905 3 scarcely scarcely RB 44541 905 4 be be VB 44541 905 5 mentioned mention VBN 44541 905 6 that that IN 44541 905 7 hypertrophic hypertrophic JJ 44541 905 8 growths growth NNS 44541 905 9 are be VBP 44541 905 10 not not RB 44541 905 11 necessarily necessarily RB 44541 905 12 useful useful JJ 44541 905 13 ; ; : 44541 905 14 they -PRON- PRP 44541 905 15 are be VBP 44541 905 16 often often RB 44541 905 17 harmful harmful JJ 44541 905 18 , , , 44541 905 19 and and CC 44541 905 20 in in IN 44541 905 21 that that DT 44541 905 22 case case NN 44541 905 23 pathological pathological JJ 44541 905 24 . . . 44541 906 1 Lastly lastly RB 44541 906 2 , , , 44541 906 3 a a DT 44541 906 4 few few JJ 44541 906 5 words word NNS 44541 906 6 about about IN 44541 906 7 the the DT 44541 906 8 very very RB 44541 906 9 difficult difficult JJ 44541 906 10 question question NN 44541 906 11 of of IN 44541 906 12 _ _ NNP 44541 906 13 teleology teleology NN 44541 906 14 _ _ NNP 44541 906 15 . . . 44541 907 1 In in IN 44541 907 2 trying try VBG 44541 907 3 to to TO 44541 907 4 explain explain VB 44541 907 5 Evolution evolution NN 44541 907 6 in in IN 44541 907 7 a a DT 44541 907 8 mechanical mechanical JJ 44541 907 9 -- -- : 44541 907 10 sometimes sometimes RB 44541 907 11 called call VBN 44541 907 12 monistic monistic JJ 44541 907 13 , , , 44541 907 14 but but CC 44541 907 15 in in IN 44541 907 16 reality reality NN 44541 907 17 natural natural JJ 44541 907 18 -- -- : 44541 907 19 way way NN 44541 907 20 , , , 44541 907 21 we -PRON- PRP 44541 907 22 exclude exclude VBP 44541 907 23 anything anything NN 44541 907 24 like like IN 44541 907 25 a a DT 44541 907 26 set set VBN 44541 907 27 purpose purpose NN 44541 907 28 , , , 44541 907 29 a a DT 44541 907 30 goal goal NN 44541 907 31 , , , 44541 907 32 or or CC 44541 907 33 ideal ideal JJ 44541 907 34 , , , 44541 907 35 a a DT 44541 907 36 final final JJ 44541 907 37 condition condition NN 44541 907 38 which which WDT 44541 907 39 the the DT 44541 907 40 organism organism NN 44541 907 41 strives strive VBZ 44541 907 42 to to TO 44541 907 43 attain attain VB 44541 907 44 . . . 44541 908 1 Unknown unknown JJ 44541 908 2 , , , 44541 908 3 however however RB 44541 908 4 , , , 44541 908 5 to to IN 44541 908 6 many many JJ 44541 908 7 morphologists morphologist NNS 44541 908 8 , , , 44541 908 9 especially especially RB 44541 908 10 embryologists embryologist NNS 44541 908 11 , , , 44541 908 12 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 908 13 writings writing NNS 44541 908 14 are be VBP 44541 908 15 full full JJ 44541 908 16 of of IN 44541 908 17 this this DT 44541 908 18 teleological teleological JJ 44541 908 19 notion notion NN 44541 908 20 . . . 44541 909 1 Indeed indeed RB 44541 909 2 , , , 44541 909 3 there there EX 44541 909 4 are be VBP 44541 909 5 many many JJ 44541 909 6 cases case NNS 44541 909 7 in in IN 44541 909 8 which which WDT 44541 909 9 an an DT 44541 909 10 organism organism NN 44541 909 11 becomes become VBZ 44541 909 12 changed change VBN 44541 909 13 , , , 44541 909 14 and and CC 44541 909 15 quickly quickly RB 44541 909 16 , , , 44541 909 17 too too RB 44541 909 18 , , , 44541 909 19 in in IN 44541 909 20 a a DT 44541 909 21 way way NN 44541 909 22 which which WDT 44541 909 23 can can MD 44541 909 24 not not RB 44541 909 25 but but CC 44541 909 26 be be VB 44541 909 27 called call VBN 44541 909 28 reasonable reasonable JJ 44541 909 29 . . . 44541 910 1 It -PRON- PRP 44541 910 2 starts start VBZ 44541 910 3 modifications modification NNS 44541 910 4 , , , 44541 910 5 be be VB 44541 910 6 they -PRON- PRP 44541 910 7 outgrowths outgrowth NNS 44541 910 8 , , , 44541 910 9 alterations alteration NNS 44541 910 10 in in IN 44541 910 11 shape shape NN 44541 910 12 or or CC 44541 910 13 colour colour NN 44541 910 14 , , , 44541 910 15 or or CC 44541 910 16 the the DT 44541 910 17 making make VBG 44541 910 18 good good NN 44541 910 19 of of IN 44541 910 20 injuries injury NNS 44541 910 21 received receive VBN 44541 910 22 , , , 44541 910 23 which which WDT 44541 910 24 by by IN 44541 910 25 ' ' `` 44541 910 26 short short JJ 44541 910 27 - - HYPH 44541 910 28 cuts cut NNS 44541 910 29 ' ' POS 44541 910 30 produce produce VBP 44541 910 31 the the DT 44541 910 32 only only JJ 44541 910 33 advantageous advantageous JJ 44541 910 34 result result NN 44541 910 35 that that WDT 44541 910 36 can can MD 44541 910 37 reasonably reasonably RB 44541 910 38 satisfy satisfy VB 44541 910 39 the the DT 44541 910 40 new new JJ 44541 910 41 requirement requirement NN 44541 910 42 or or CC 44541 910 43 altered altered JJ 44541 910 44 circumstances circumstance NNS 44541 910 45 . . . 44541 911 1 Trees tree NNS 44541 911 2 growing grow VBG 44541 911 3 in in IN 44541 911 4 precarious precarious JJ 44541 911 5 positions position NNS 44541 911 6 , , , 44541 911 7 after after IN 44541 911 8 part part NN 44541 911 9 of of IN 44541 911 10 the the DT 44541 911 11 supporting support VBG 44541 911 12 rock rock NN 44541 911 13 has have VBZ 44541 911 14 slipped slip VBN 44541 911 15 away away RB 44541 911 16 , , , 44541 911 17 throw throw VB 44541 911 18 out out RP 44541 911 19 new new JJ 44541 911 20 roots root NNS 44541 911 21 , , , 44541 911 22 and and CC 44541 911 23 rearrange rearrange VB 44541 911 24 some some DT 44541 911 25 of of IN 44541 911 26 the the DT 44541 911 27 old old JJ 44541 911 28 ones one NNS 44541 911 29 in in IN 44541 911 30 the the DT 44541 911 31 only only JJ 44541 911 32 way way NN 44541 911 33 which which WDT 44541 911 34 could could MD 44541 911 35 save save VB 44541 911 36 the the DT 44541 911 37 tree tree NN 44541 911 38 . . . 44541 912 1 In in IN 44541 912 2 animals animal NNS 44541 912 3 which which WDT 44541 912 4 have have VBP 44541 912 5 lost lose VBN 44541 912 6 part part NN 44541 912 7 of of IN 44541 912 8 a a DT 44541 912 9 limb limb NN 44541 912 10 the the DT 44541 912 11 wound wound NN 44541 912 12 closes close VBZ 44541 912 13 up up RP 44541 912 14 , , , 44541 912 15 and and CC 44541 912 16 what what WP 44541 912 17 is be VBZ 44541 912 18 left leave VBN 44541 912 19 is be VBZ 44541 912 20 turned turn VBN 44541 912 21 into into IN 44541 912 22 a a DT 44541 912 23 serviceable serviceable JJ 44541 912 24 stump stump NN 44541 912 25 -- -- : 44541 912 26 for for IN 44541 912 27 example example NN 44541 912 28 , , , 44541 912 29 in in IN 44541 912 30 water water NN 44541 912 31 - - HYPH 44541 912 32 tortoises tortoise NNS 44541 912 33 ( ( -LRB- 44541 912 34 creatures creature NNS 44541 912 35 in in IN 44541 912 36 which which WDT 44541 912 37 reproduction reproduction NN 44541 912 38 of of IN 44541 912 39 lost lose VBN 44541 912 40 limbs limb NNS 44541 912 41 does do VBZ 44541 912 42 not not RB 44541 912 43 happen happen VB 44541 912 44 ) ) -RRB- 44541 912 45 . . . 44541 913 1 In in IN 44541 913 2 frogs frog NNS 44541 913 3 and and CC 44541 913 4 newts newt VBZ 44541 913 5 the the DT 44541 913 6 lost lose VBN 44541 913 7 part part NN 44541 913 8 is be VBZ 44541 913 9 reproduced reproduce VBN 44541 913 10 , , , 44541 913 11 not not RB 44541 913 12 correctly correctly RB 44541 913 13 , , , 44541 913 14 but but CC 44541 913 15 in in IN 44541 913 16 a a DT 44541 913 17 good good JJ 44541 913 18 semblance semblance NN 44541 913 19 . . . 44541 914 1 Tortoises tortoise NNS 44541 914 2 which which WDT 44541 914 3 have have VBP 44541 914 4 had have VBN 44541 914 5 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 914 6 shell shell NN 44541 914 7 smashed smash VBN 44541 914 8 can can MD 44541 914 9 throw throw VB 44541 914 10 off off RP 44541 914 11 an an DT 44541 914 12 astonishingly astonishingly RB 44541 914 13 large large JJ 44541 914 14 portion portion NN 44541 914 15 and and CC 44541 914 16 renew renew VB 44541 914 17 the the DT 44541 914 18 bone bone NN 44541 914 19 as as RB 44541 914 20 well well RB 44541 914 21 as as IN 44541 914 22 the the DT 44541 914 23 overlapping overlapping NN 44541 914 24 scutes scute VBZ 44541 914 25 ; ; : 44541 914 26 but but CC 44541 914 27 this this DT 44541 914 28 mending mending NN 44541 914 29 is be VBZ 44541 914 30 not not RB 44541 914 31 neatly neatly RB 44541 914 32 done do VBN 44541 914 33 . . . 44541 915 1 It -PRON- PRP 44541 915 2 serves serve VBZ 44541 915 3 the the DT 44541 915 4 requirement requirement NN 44541 915 5 , , , 44541 915 6 but but CC 44541 915 7 it -PRON- PRP 44541 915 8 is be VBZ 44541 915 9 patchwork patchwork NN 44541 915 10 ; ; : 44541 915 11 the the DT 44541 915 12 new new JJ 44541 915 13 shell shell NN 44541 915 14 is be VBZ 44541 915 15 such such JJ 44541 915 16 as as IN 44541 915 17 no no DT 44541 915 18 tortoise tortoise NN 44541 915 19 ever ever RB 44541 915 20 possessed possess VBN 44541 915 21 before before RB 44541 915 22 . . . 44541 916 1 Mammals mammal NNS 44541 916 2 transported transport VBN 44541 916 3 into into IN 44541 916 4 colder cold JJR 44541 916 5 countries country NNS 44541 916 6 , , , 44541 916 7 or or CC 44541 916 8 subjected subject VBN 44541 916 9 to to IN 44541 916 10 continued continue VBN 44541 916 11 exposure exposure NN 44541 916 12 , , , 44541 916 13 grow grow VB 44541 916 14 a a DT 44541 916 15 thicker thick JJR 44541 916 16 coat coat NN 44541 916 17 ; ; : 44541 916 18 and and CC 44541 916 19 the the DT 44541 916 20 same same JJ 44541 916 21 kind kind NN 44541 916 22 of of IN 44541 916 23 tree tree NN 44541 916 24 which which WDT 44541 916 25 in in IN 44541 916 26 a a DT 44541 916 27 sheltered shelter VBN 44541 916 28 valley valley NN 44541 916 29 is be VBZ 44541 916 30 tall tall JJ 44541 916 31 , , , 44541 916 32 large large JJ 44541 916 33 - - HYPH 44541 916 34 leaved leaved JJ 44541 916 35 , , , 44541 916 36 and and CC 44541 916 37 soft soft RB 44541 916 38 - - HYPH 44541 916 39 wooded wooded JJ 44541 916 40 , , , 44541 916 41 assumes assume VBZ 44541 916 42 a a DT 44541 916 43 very very RB 44541 916 44 different different JJ 44541 916 45 aspect aspect NN 44541 916 46 , , , 44541 916 47 although although IN 44541 916 48 perhaps perhaps RB 44541 916 49 growing grow VBG 44541 916 50 into into IN 44541 916 51 a a DT 44541 916 52 healthy healthy JJ 44541 916 53 specimen speciman NNS 44541 916 54 , , , 44541 916 55 when when WRB 44541 916 56 planted plant VBN 44541 916 57 on on IN 44541 916 58 a a DT 44541 916 59 wind wind NN 44541 916 60 - - HYPH 44541 916 61 exposed expose VBN 44541 916 62 hill hill NN 44541 916 63 . . . 44541 917 1 There there EX 44541 917 2 is be VBZ 44541 917 3 no no DT 44541 917 4 room room NN 44541 917 5 , , , 44541 917 6 or or CC 44541 917 7 , , , 44541 917 8 rather rather RB 44541 917 9 , , , 44541 917 10 no no DT 44541 917 11 time time NN 44541 917 12 , , , 44541 917 13 to to TO 44541 917 14 apply apply VB 44541 917 15 to to IN 44541 917 16 these these DT 44541 917 17 cases case NNS 44541 917 18 the the DT 44541 917 19 principle principle NN 44541 917 20 of of IN 44541 917 21 many many JJ 44541 917 22 variations variation NNS 44541 917 23 or or CC 44541 917 24 the the DT 44541 917 25 long long RB 44541 917 26 - - HYPH 44541 917 27 continued continue VBN 44541 917 28 accumulation accumulation NN 44541 917 29 of of IN 44541 917 30 infinitely infinitely RB 44541 917 31 small small JJ 44541 917 32 changes change NNS 44541 917 33 . . . 44541 918 1 The the DT 44541 918 2 thing thing NN 44541 918 3 is be VBZ 44541 918 4 to to TO 44541 918 5 be be VB 44541 918 6 done do VBN 44541 918 7 quickly quickly RB 44541 918 8 , , , 44541 918 9 or or CC 44541 918 10 not not RB 44541 918 11 at at RB 44541 918 12 all all RB 44541 918 13 . . . 44541 919 1 Nor nor CC 44541 919 2 can can MD 44541 919 3 we -PRON- PRP 44541 919 4 explain explain VB 44541 919 5 the the DT 44541 919 6 mending mending NN 44541 919 7 of of IN 44541 919 8 a a DT 44541 919 9 wound wound NN 44541 919 10 , , , 44541 919 11 which which WDT 44541 919 12 implies imply VBZ 44541 919 13 an an DT 44541 919 14 activity activity NN 44541 919 15 of of IN 44541 919 16 countless countless JJ 44541 919 17 cells cell NNS 44541 919 18 , , , 44541 919 19 simply simply RB 44541 919 20 as as IN 44541 919 21 a a DT 44541 919 22 case case NN 44541 919 23 of of IN 44541 919 24 , , , 44541 919 25 or or CC 44541 919 26 similar similar JJ 44541 919 27 to to IN 44541 919 28 , , , 44541 919 29 the the DT 44541 919 30 reproduction reproduction NN 44541 919 31 of of IN 44541 919 32 a a DT 44541 919 33 lost lost JJ 44541 919 34 part part NN 44541 919 35 ; ; : 44541 919 36 against against IN 44541 919 37 such such PDT 44541 919 38 an an DT 44541 919 39 explanation explanation NN 44541 919 40 militates militate VBZ 44541 919 41 the the DT 44541 919 42 almost almost RB 44541 919 43 absolute absolute JJ 44541 919 44 unlikelihood unlikelihood NN 44541 919 45 of of IN 44541 919 46 that that DT 44541 919 47 precise precise JJ 44541 919 48 injury injury NN 44541 919 49 having have VBG 44541 919 50 happened happen VBN 44541 919 51 before before RB 44541 919 52 to to IN 44541 919 53 any any DT 44541 919 54 of of IN 44541 919 55 the the DT 44541 919 56 creature creature NN 44541 919 57 's 's POS 44541 919 58 ancestors ancestor NNS 44541 919 59 . . . 44541 920 1 Still still RB 44541 920 2 , , , 44541 920 3 I -PRON- PRP 44541 920 4 think think VBP 44541 920 5 we -PRON- PRP 44541 920 6 are be VBP 44541 920 7 brought bring VBN 44541 920 8 near near IN 44541 920 9 the the DT 44541 920 10 solution solution NN 44541 920 11 of of IN 44541 920 12 the the DT 44541 920 13 mystery mystery NN 44541 920 14 by by IN 44541 920 15 such such JJ 44541 920 16 considerations consideration NNS 44541 920 17 . . . 44541 921 1 We -PRON- PRP 44541 921 2 see see VBP 44541 921 3 no no DT 44541 921 4 difficulty difficulty NN 44541 921 5 in in IN 44541 921 6 the the DT 44541 921 7 regeneration regeneration NN 44541 921 8 of of IN 44541 921 9 a a DT 44541 921 10 few few JJ 44541 921 11 cells cell NNS 44541 921 12 , , , 44541 921 13 or or CC 44541 921 14 in in IN 44541 921 15 the the DT 44541 921 16 making make VBG 44541 921 17 good good NN 44541 921 18 of of IN 44541 921 19 the the DT 44541 921 20 disturbance disturbance NN 44541 921 21 suffered suffer VBN 44541 921 22 by by IN 44541 921 23 one one CD 44541 921 24 of of IN 44541 921 25 the the DT 44541 921 26 most most RBS 44541 921 27 simple simple JJ 44541 921 28 organisms organism NNS 44541 921 29 ; ; : 44541 921 30 but but CC 44541 921 31 we -PRON- PRP 44541 921 32 become become VBP 44541 921 33 suspicious suspicious JJ 44541 921 34 when when WRB 44541 921 35 we -PRON- PRP 44541 921 36 see see VBP 44541 921 37 that that IN 44541 921 38 countless countless JJ 44541 921 39 cells cell NNS 44541 921 40 , , , 44541 921 41 not not RB 44541 921 42 of of IN 44541 921 43 one one CD 44541 921 44 kind kind NN 44541 921 45 , , , 44541 921 46 but but CC 44541 921 47 of of IN 44541 921 48 the the DT 44541 921 49 most most RBS 44541 921 50 varied varied JJ 44541 921 51 tissues tissue NNS 44541 921 52 and and CC 44541 921 53 parts part NNS 44541 921 54 of of IN 44541 921 55 the the DT 44541 921 56 body body NN 44541 921 57 , , , 44541 921 58 make make VB 44541 921 59 common common JJ 44541 921 60 cause cause NN 44541 921 61 in in IN 44541 921 62 remedying remedy VBG 44541 921 63 a a DT 44541 921 64 defect defect NN 44541 921 65 in in IN 44541 921 66 a a DT 44541 921 67 serviceable serviceable JJ 44541 921 68 way way NN 44541 921 69 . . . 44541 922 1 We -PRON- PRP 44541 922 2 must must MD 44541 922 3 assume assume VB 44541 922 4 that that IN 44541 922 5 since since IN 44541 922 6 the the DT 44541 922 7 beginning beginning NN 44541 922 8 of of IN 44541 922 9 life life NN 44541 922 10 organisms organism NNS 44541 922 11 have have VBP 44541 922 12 been be VBN 44541 922 13 subjected subject VBN 44541 922 14 to to IN 44541 922 15 countless countless JJ 44541 922 16 insults insult NNS 44541 922 17 . . . 44541 923 1 We -PRON- PRP 44541 923 2 can can MD 44541 923 3 scarcely scarcely RB 44541 923 4 speak speak VB 44541 923 5 of of IN 44541 923 6 a a DT 44541 923 7 wound wound NN 44541 923 8 in in IN 44541 923 9 an an DT 44541 923 10 Amæba Amæba NNP 44541 923 11 ; ; : 44541 923 12 but but CC 44541 923 13 these these DT 44541 923 14 insults insult NNS 44541 923 15 have have VBP 44541 923 16 always always RB 44541 923 17 been be VBN 44541 923 18 made make VBN 44541 923 19 good good JJ 44541 923 20 , , , 44541 923 21 and and CC 44541 923 22 whenever whenever WRB 44541 923 23 this this DT 44541 923 24 was be VBD 44541 923 25 not not RB 44541 923 26 the the DT 44541 923 27 case case NN 44541 923 28 , , , 44541 923 29 that that IN 44541 923 30 particular particular JJ 44541 923 31 organism organism NN 44541 923 32 came come VBD 44541 923 33 to to IN 44541 923 34 an an DT 44541 923 35 end end NN 44541 923 36 . . . 44541 924 1 As as IN 44541 924 2 these these DT 44541 924 3 organisms organism NNS 44541 924 4 developed develop VBD 44541 924 5 into into IN 44541 924 6 more more RBR 44541 924 7 complicated complicated JJ 44541 924 8 ones one NNS 44541 924 9 , , , 44541 924 10 the the DT 44541 924 11 possible possible JJ 44541 924 12 insults insult NNS 44541 924 13 became become VBD 44541 924 14 more more RBR 44541 924 15 serious serious JJ 44541 924 16 , , , 44541 924 17 more more RBR 44541 924 18 complicated complicated JJ 44541 924 19 ; ; : 44541 924 20 and and CC 44541 924 21 the the DT 44541 924 22 organisms organism NNS 44541 924 23 took take VBD 44541 924 24 adaptive adaptive JJ 44541 924 25 measures measure NNS 44541 924 26 so so IN 44541 924 27 as as IN 44541 924 28 to to TO 44541 924 29 be be VB 44541 924 30 superior superior JJ 44541 924 31 to to IN 44541 924 32 them -PRON- PRP 44541 924 33 . . . 44541 925 1 This this DT 44541 925 2 action action NN 44541 925 3 , , , 44541 925 4 I -PRON- PRP 44541 925 5 have have VBP 44541 925 6 no no DT 44541 925 7 hesitation hesitation NN 44541 925 8 in in IN 44541 925 9 declaring declare VBG 44541 925 10 , , , 44541 925 11 became become VBD 44541 925 12 by by IN 44541 925 13 heredity heredity NN 44541 925 14 a a DT 44541 925 15 habit habit NN 44541 925 16 . . . 44541 926 1 The the DT 44541 926 2 whole whole JJ 44541 926 3 creature creature NN 44541 926 4 became become VBD 44541 926 5 so so RB 44541 926 6 thoroughly thoroughly RB 44541 926 7 ' ' `` 44541 926 8 imbued imbue VBN 44541 926 9 ' ' '' 44541 926 10 ( ( -LRB- 44541 926 11 for for IN 44541 926 12 want want NN 44541 926 13 of of IN 44541 926 14 a a DT 44541 926 15 better well JJR 44541 926 16 word word NN 44541 926 17 ) ) -RRB- 44541 926 18 with with IN 44541 926 19 the the DT 44541 926 20 finding finding NN 44541 926 21 of of IN 44541 926 22 ways way NNS 44541 926 23 and and CC 44541 926 24 means mean NNS 44541 926 25 for for IN 44541 926 26 meeting meet VBG 44541 926 27 sudden sudden RB 44541 926 28 , , , 44541 926 29 serious serious JJ 44541 926 30 conditions condition NNS 44541 926 31 , , , 44541 926 32 that that IN 44541 926 33 it -PRON- PRP 44541 926 34 now now RB 44541 926 35 acts act VBZ 44541 926 36 directly directly RB 44541 926 37 , , , 44541 926 38 and and CC 44541 926 39 produces produce VBZ 44541 926 40 by by IN 44541 926 41 a a DT 44541 926 42 short short RB 44541 926 43 - - HYPH 44541 926 44 cut cut NN 44541 926 45 , , , 44541 926 46 with with IN 44541 926 47 the the DT 44541 926 48 least least JJS 44541 926 49 amount amount NN 44541 926 50 of of IN 44541 926 51 time time NN 44541 926 52 and and CC 44541 926 53 with with IN 44541 926 54 the the DT 44541 926 55 smallest small JJS 44541 926 56 possible possible JJ 44541 926 57 waste waste NN 44541 926 58 of of IN 44541 926 59 material material NN 44541 926 60 , , , 44541 926 61 that that WDT 44541 926 62 which which WDT 44541 926 63 meets meet VBZ 44541 926 64 the the DT 44541 926 65 occasion occasion NN 44541 926 66 , , , 44541 926 67 thereby thereby RB 44541 926 68 saving save VBG 44541 926 69 the the DT 44541 926 70 life life NN 44541 926 71 of of IN 44541 926 72 the the DT 44541 926 73 individual individual NN 44541 926 74 and and CC 44541 926 75 that that DT 44541 926 76 of of IN 44541 926 77 the the DT 44541 926 78 race race NN 44541 926 79 . . . 44541 927 1 This this DT 44541 927 2 we -PRON- PRP 44541 927 3 can can MD 44541 927 4 not not RB 44541 927 5 but but CC 44541 927 6 call call VB 44541 927 7 reasonable reasonable JJ 44541 927 8 and and CC 44541 927 9 to to IN 44541 927 10 the the DT 44541 927 11 purpose purpose NN 44541 927 12 , , , 44541 927 13 although although IN 44541 927 14 it -PRON- PRP 44541 927 15 is be VBZ 44541 927 16 all all DT 44541 927 17 carried carry VBN 44541 927 18 out out RP 44541 927 19 by by IN 44541 927 20 _ _ NNP 44541 927 21 causæ causæ NNP 44541 927 22 efficientes efficiente VBZ 44541 927 23 _ _ NNP 44541 927 24 without without IN 44541 927 25 there there EX 44541 927 26 being be VBG 44541 927 27 any any DT 44541 927 28 _ _ NNP 44541 927 29 causæ causæ NN 44541 927 30 finales finale NNS 44541 927 31 _ _ NNP 44541 927 32 . . . 44541 928 1 GEOLOGICAL GEOLOGICAL NNP 44541 928 2 TIME TIME NNP 44541 928 3 AND and CC 44541 928 4 EVOLUTION evolution NN 44541 928 5 . . . 44541 929 1 One one CD 44541 929 2 million million CD 44541 929 3 years year NNS 44541 929 4 is be VBZ 44541 929 5 a a DT 44541 929 6 stretch stretch NN 44541 929 7 of of IN 44541 929 8 time time NN 44541 929 9 beyond beyond IN 44541 929 10 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 929 11 conception conception NN 44541 929 12 . . . 44541 930 1 We -PRON- PRP 44541 930 2 can can MD 44541 930 3 arrive arrive VB 44541 930 4 at at IN 44541 930 5 a a DT 44541 930 6 more more RBR 44541 930 7 or or CC 44541 930 8 less less RBR 44541 930 9 adequate adequate JJ 44541 930 10 understanding understanding NN 44541 930 11 of of IN 44541 930 12 what what WP 44541 930 13 a a DT 44541 930 14 million million CD 44541 930 15 individuals individual NNS 44541 930 16 or or CC 44541 930 17 concrete concrete JJ 44541 930 18 things thing NNS 44541 930 19 means mean NNS 44541 930 20 . . . 44541 931 1 Several several JJ 44541 931 2 Continental continental JJ 44541 931 3 nations nation NNS 44541 931 4 can can MD 44541 931 5 put put VB 44541 931 6 more more JJR 44541 931 7 than than IN 44541 931 8 a a DT 44541 931 9 million million CD 44541 931 10 men man NNS 44541 931 11 into into IN 44541 931 12 the the DT 44541 931 13 field field NN 44541 931 14 . . . 44541 932 1 We -PRON- PRP 44541 932 2 can can MD 44541 932 3 gaze gaze VB 44541 932 4 at at IN 44541 932 5 a a DT 44541 932 6 building building NN 44541 932 7 which which WDT 44541 932 8 contains contain VBZ 44541 932 9 as as RB 44541 932 10 many many JJ 44541 932 11 bricks brick NNS 44541 932 12 ; ; : 44541 932 13 and and CC 44541 932 14 we -PRON- PRP 44541 932 15 know know VBP 44541 932 16 that that IN 44541 932 17 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 932 18 own own JJ 44541 932 19 body body NN 44541 932 20 is be VBZ 44541 932 21 composed compose VBN 44541 932 22 of of IN 44541 932 23 millions million NNS 44541 932 24 of of IN 44541 932 25 millions million NNS 44541 932 26 of of IN 44541 932 27 cells cell NNS 44541 932 28 . . . 44541 933 1 No no DT 44541 933 2 such such JJ 44541 933 3 help help NN 44541 933 4 applies apply VBZ 44541 933 5 to to IN 44541 933 6 time time NN 44541 933 7 , , , 44541 933 8 because because IN 44541 933 9 that that IN 44541 933 10 itself -PRON- PRP 44541 933 11 is be VBZ 44541 933 12 an an DT 44541 933 13 entirely entirely RB 44541 933 14 relative relative JJ 44541 933 15 , , , 44541 933 16 abstract abstract JJ 44541 933 17 conception conception NN 44541 933 18 . . . 44541 934 1 We -PRON- PRP 44541 934 2 can can MD 44541 934 3 imagine imagine VB 44541 934 4 what what WP 44541 934 5 one one CD 44541 934 6 hundred hundred CD 44541 934 7 years year NNS 44541 934 8 are be VBP 44541 934 9 like like IN 44541 934 10 -- -- : 44541 934 11 a a DT 44541 934 12 span span NN 44541 934 13 of of IN 44541 934 14 time time NN 44541 934 15 seemingly seemingly RB 44541 934 16 short short JJ 44541 934 17 to to IN 44541 934 18 the the DT 44541 934 19 hale hale NNP 44541 934 20 and and CC 44541 934 21 hearty hearty NNP 44541 934 22 octogenarian octogenarian NNP 44541 934 23 , , , 44541 934 24 enormous enormous JJ 44541 934 25 to to IN 44541 934 26 the the DT 44541 934 27 child child NN 44541 934 28 , , , 44541 934 29 totally totally RB 44541 934 30 inapplicable inapplicable JJ 44541 934 31 to to IN 44541 934 32 certain certain JJ 44541 934 33 animals animal NNS 44541 934 34 whose whose WP$ 44541 934 35 whole whole JJ 44541 934 36 life life NN 44541 934 37 is be VBZ 44541 934 38 crowded crowd VBN 44541 934 39 into into IN 44541 934 40 one one CD 44541 934 41 single single JJ 44541 934 42 day day NN 44541 934 43 . . . 44541 935 1 Astronomers astronomer NNS 44541 935 2 have have VBP 44541 935 3 long long RB 44541 935 4 ceased cease VBN 44541 935 5 to to TO 44541 935 6 reckon reckon VB 44541 935 7 distances distance NNS 44541 935 8 by by IN 44541 935 9 miles mile NNS 44541 935 10 or or CC 44541 935 11 any any DT 44541 935 12 other other JJ 44541 935 13 understandable understandable JJ 44541 935 14 unit unit NN 44541 935 15 . . . 44541 936 1 They -PRON- PRP 44541 936 2 express express VBP 44541 936 3 the the DT 44541 936 4 distances distance NNS 44541 936 5 between between IN 44541 936 6 us -PRON- PRP 44541 936 7 and and CC 44541 936 8 the the DT 44541 936 9 stars star NNS 44541 936 10 and and CC 44541 936 11 nebulæ nebulæ NN 44541 936 12 by by IN 44541 936 13 ' ' '' 44541 936 14 years year NNS 44541 936 15 of of IN 44541 936 16 light light NN 44541 936 17 . . . 44541 936 18 ' ' '' 44541 937 1 Try try VB 44541 937 2 to to TO 44541 937 3 imagine imagine VB 44541 937 4 a a DT 44541 937 5 unit unit NN 44541 937 6 of of IN 44541 937 7 length length NN 44541 937 8 equal equal JJ 44541 937 9 to to IN 44541 937 10 that that DT 44541 937 11 which which WDT 44541 937 12 is be VBZ 44541 937 13 passed pass VBN 44541 937 14 through through RP 44541 937 15 by by IN 44541 937 16 light light NN 44541 937 17 ( ( -LRB- 44541 937 18 186,000 186,000 CD 44541 937 19 miles mile NNS 44541 937 20 per per IN 44541 937 21 second second NN 44541 937 22 ) ) -RRB- 44541 937 23 in in IN 44541 937 24 one one CD 44541 937 25 year year NN 44541 937 26 . . . 44541 938 1 Not not RB 44541 938 2 so so RB 44541 938 3 very very RB 44541 938 4 long long RB 44541 938 5 ago ago RB 44541 938 6 the the DT 44541 938 7 enormous enormous JJ 44541 938 8 distances distance NNS 44541 938 9 resulting result VBG 44541 938 10 from from IN 44541 938 11 astronomical astronomical JJ 44541 938 12 calculations calculation NNS 44541 938 13 were be VBD 44541 938 14 looked look VBN 44541 938 15 upon upon IN 44541 938 16 as as IN 44541 938 17 the the DT 44541 938 18 most most RBS 44541 938 19 serious serious JJ 44541 938 20 objection objection NN 44541 938 21 to to IN 44541 938 22 the the DT 44541 938 23 correctness correctness NN 44541 938 24 of of IN 44541 938 25 the the DT 44541 938 26 astronomers astronomer NNS 44541 938 27 ' ' POS 44541 938 28 views view NNS 44541 938 29 as as IN 44541 938 30 to to IN 44541 938 31 the the DT 44541 938 32 distances distance NNS 44541 938 33 which which WDT 44541 938 34 separate separate VBP 44541 938 35 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 938 36 globe globe NN 44541 938 37 from from IN 44541 938 38 the the DT 44541 938 39 nearest near JJS 44541 938 40 fixed fix VBN 44541 938 41 stars star NNS 44541 938 42 . . . 44541 939 1 We -PRON- PRP 44541 939 2 have have VBP 44541 939 3 not not RB 44541 939 4 yet yet RB 44541 939 5 accustomed accustom VBN 44541 939 6 ourselves -PRON- PRP 44541 939 7 to to IN 44541 939 8 reckoning reckon VBG 44541 939 9 time time NN 44541 939 10 by by IN 44541 939 11 some some DT 44541 939 12 similar similar JJ 44541 939 13 broadly broadly RB 44541 939 14 - - HYPH 44541 939 15 conceived conceived JJ 44541 939 16 standard standard NN 44541 939 17 -- -- : 44541 939 18 say say VBP 44541 939 19 æons æon NNS 44541 939 20 of of IN 44541 939 21 so so RB 44541 939 22 many many JJ 44541 939 23 thousand thousand CD 44541 939 24 years year NNS 44541 939 25 each each DT 44541 939 26 . . . 44541 940 1 Unfortunately unfortunately RB 44541 940 2 , , , 44541 940 3 we -PRON- PRP 44541 940 4 possess possess VBP 44541 940 5 no no DT 44541 940 6 data data NN 44541 940 7 whatever whatever WDT 44541 940 8 for for IN 44541 940 9 calculating calculate VBG 44541 940 10 the the DT 44541 940 11 age age NN 44541 940 12 of of IN 44541 940 13 the the DT 44541 940 14 successive successive JJ 44541 940 15 geological geological JJ 44541 940 16 strata strata NN 44541 940 17 . . . 44541 941 1 Thanks thank NNS 44541 941 2 to to IN 44541 941 3 Lyell Lyell NNP 44541 941 4 , , , 44541 941 5 the the DT 44541 941 6 theory theory NN 44541 941 7 of of IN 44541 941 8 violent violent JJ 44541 941 9 universal universal JJ 44541 941 10 cataclysms cataclysm NNS 44541 941 11 has have VBZ 44541 941 12 been be VBN 44541 941 13 done do VBN 44541 941 14 away away RB 44541 941 15 with with IN 44541 941 16 . . . 44541 942 1 It -PRON- PRP 44541 942 2 is be VBZ 44541 942 3 more more RBR 44541 942 4 probable probable JJ 44541 942 5 that that IN 44541 942 6 the the DT 44541 942 7 same same JJ 44541 942 8 agencies agency NNS 44541 942 9 have have VBP 44541 942 10 acted act VBN 44541 942 11 which which WDT 44541 942 12 are be VBP 44541 942 13 now now RB 44541 942 14 changing change VBG 44541 942 15 the the DT 44541 942 16 aspect aspect NN 44541 942 17 of of IN 44541 942 18 the the DT 44541 942 19 globe globe NN 44541 942 20 ; ; , 44541 942 21 and and CC 44541 942 22 these these DT 44541 942 23 changes change NNS 44541 942 24 are be VBP 44541 942 25 slow slow JJ 44541 942 26 , , , 44541 942 27 as as RB 44541 942 28 far far RB 44541 942 29 as as IN 44541 942 30 we -PRON- PRP 44541 942 31 know know VBP 44541 942 32 them -PRON- PRP 44541 942 33 -- -- : 44541 942 34 at at IN 44541 942 35 least least RBS 44541 942 36 , , , 44541 942 37 as as RB 44541 942 38 far far RB 44541 942 39 as as IN 44541 942 40 the the DT 44541 942 41 formation formation NN 44541 942 42 of of IN 44541 942 43 sedimentary sedimentary JJ 44541 942 44 strata strata NN 44541 942 45 is be VBZ 44541 942 46 concerned concern VBN 44541 942 47 , , , 44541 942 48 and and CC 44541 942 49 these these DT 44541 942 50 alone alone JJ 44541 942 51 we -PRON- PRP 44541 942 52 have have VBP 44541 942 53 to to TO 44541 942 54 deal deal VB 44541 942 55 with with IN 44541 942 56 . . . 44541 943 1 Various various JJ 44541 943 2 calculations calculation NNS 44541 943 3 have have VBP 44541 943 4 been be VBN 44541 943 5 made make VBN 44541 943 6 , , , 44541 943 7 based base VBN 44541 943 8 upon upon IN 44541 943 9 the the DT 44541 943 10 denudation denudation NN 44541 943 11 of of IN 44541 943 12 the the DT 44541 943 13 mountains mountain NNS 44541 943 14 , , , 44541 943 15 the the DT 44541 943 16 filling filling NN 44541 943 17 up up RP 44541 943 18 of of IN 44541 943 19 the the DT 44541 943 20 valleys valley NNS 44541 943 21 by by IN 44541 943 22 the the DT 44541 943 23 débris débris NN 44541 943 24 , , , 44541 943 25 the the DT 44541 943 26 formation formation NN 44541 943 27 of of IN 44541 943 28 deltas delta NNS 44541 943 29 , , , 44541 943 30 etc etc FW 44541 943 31 . . . 44541 944 1 The the DT 44541 944 2 results result NNS 44541 944 3 give give VBP 44541 944 4 enormous enormous JJ 44541 944 5 stretches stretch NNS 44541 944 6 of of IN 44541 944 7 time time NN 44541 944 8 , , , 44541 944 9 but but CC 44541 944 10 all all DT 44541 944 11 of of IN 44541 944 12 them -PRON- PRP 44541 944 13 unsatisfactory unsatisfactory JJ 44541 944 14 , , , 44541 944 15 because because IN 44541 944 16 the the DT 44541 944 17 methods method NNS 44541 944 18 are be VBP 44541 944 19 so so RB 44541 944 20 very very RB 44541 944 21 local local JJ 44541 944 22 in in IN 44541 944 23 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 944 24 application application NN 44541 944 25 . . . 44541 945 1 The the DT 44541 945 2 least least JJS 44541 945 3 objectionable objectionable JJ 44541 945 4 attempt attempt NN 44541 945 5 is be VBZ 44541 945 6 that that DT 44541 945 7 which which WDT 44541 945 8 , , , 44541 945 9 based base VBN 44541 945 10 upon upon IN 44541 945 11 astronomical astronomical JJ 44541 945 12 calculations calculation NNS 44541 945 13 , , , 44541 945 14 tried try VBD 44541 945 15 to to TO 44541 945 16 fix fix VB 44541 945 17 the the DT 44541 945 18 height height NN 44541 945 19 of of IN 44541 945 20 the the DT 44541 945 21 last last JJ 44541 945 22 Glacial Glacial NNP 44541 945 23 epoch[26 epoch[26 NNP 44541 945 24 ] ] -RRB- 44541 945 25 at at IN 44541 945 26 about about IN 44541 945 27 200,000 200,000 CD 44541 945 28 years year NNS 44541 945 29 ago ago RB 44541 945 30 , , , 44541 945 31 and and CC 44541 945 32 asserted assert VBD 44541 945 33 that that IN 44541 945 34 since since IN 44541 945 35 its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 945 36 beginning beginning NN 44541 945 37 in in IN 44541 945 38 the the DT 44541 945 39 Pliocene Pliocene NNP 44541 945 40 epoch epoch NN 44541 945 41 as as RB 44541 945 42 many many JJ 44541 945 43 as as IN 44541 945 44 270,000 270,000 CD 44541 945 45 years year NNS 44541 945 46 have have VBP 44541 945 47 elapsed elapse VBN 44541 945 48 . . . 44541 946 1 The the DT 44541 946 2 duration duration NN 44541 946 3 of of IN 44541 946 4 the the DT 44541 946 5 whole whole JJ 44541 946 6 Tertiary tertiary JJ 44541 946 7 period period NN 44541 946 8 has have VBZ 44541 946 9 by by IN 44541 946 10 the the DT 44541 946 11 same same JJ 44541 946 12 authorities authority NNS 44541 946 13 been be VBN 44541 946 14 fixed fix VBN 44541 946 15 approximately approximately RB 44541 946 16 at at IN 44541 946 17 3,000,000 3,000,000 CD 44541 946 18 to to TO 44541 946 19 4,000,000 4,000,000 CD 44541 946 20 years year NNS 44541 946 21 . . . 44541 947 1 Beyond beyond IN 44541 947 2 this this DT 44541 947 3 we -PRON- PRP 44541 947 4 can can MD 44541 947 5 not not RB 44541 947 6 venture venture VB 44541 947 7 without without IN 44541 947 8 the the DT 44541 947 9 wildest wild JJS 44541 947 10 speculation speculation NN 44541 947 11 ; ; : 44541 947 12 but but CC 44541 947 13 we -PRON- PRP 44541 947 14 know know VBP 44541 947 15 to to IN 44541 947 16 a a DT 44541 947 17 certain certain JJ 44541 947 18 extent extent NN 44541 947 19 the the DT 44541 947 20 thickness thickness NN 44541 947 21 of of IN 44541 947 22 the the DT 44541 947 23 various various JJ 44541 947 24 sedimentary sedimentary JJ 44541 947 25 strata strata NN 44541 947 26 , , , 44541 947 27 which which WDT 44541 947 28 amount amount VBP 44541 947 29 in in IN 44541 947 30 all all RB 44541 947 31 to to IN 44541 947 32 from from IN 44541 947 33 100,000 100,000 CD 44541 947 34 to to TO 44541 947 35 175,000 175,000 CD 44541 947 36 feet foot NNS 44541 947 37 -- -- : 44541 947 38 on on IN 44541 947 39 the the DT 44541 947 40 average average JJ 44541 947 41 perhaps perhaps RB 44541 947 42 130,000 130,000 CD 44541 947 43 feet foot NNS 44541 947 44 , , , 44541 947 45 or or CC 44541 947 46 about about RB 44541 947 47 twenty twenty CD 44541 947 48 miles mile NNS 44541 947 49 . . . 44541 948 1 [ [ -LRB- 44541 948 2 26 26 CD 44541 948 3 ] ] -RRB- 44541 948 4 James James NNP 44541 948 5 Croll Croll NNP 44541 948 6 : : : 44541 948 7 ' ' '' 44541 948 8 On on IN 44541 948 9 Geological Geological NNP 44541 948 10 Time Time NNP 44541 948 11 , , , 44541 948 12 and and CC 44541 948 13 the the DT 44541 948 14 Probable probable JJ 44541 948 15 Date date NN 44541 948 16 of of IN 44541 948 17 the the DT 44541 948 18 Glacial Glacial NNP 44541 948 19 and and CC 44541 948 20 Upper Upper NNP 44541 948 21 Miocene Miocene NNP 44541 948 22 Period Period NNP 44541 948 23 , , , 44541 948 24 ' ' '' 44541 948 25 _ _ NNP 44541 948 26 Philos Philos NNP 44541 948 27 . . . 44541 949 1 Magazine Magazine NNP 44541 949 2 _ _ NNP 44541 949 3 , , , 44541 949 4 xxxv xxxv NNP 44541 949 5 . . . 44541 949 6 , , , 44541 949 7 1868 1868 CD 44541 949 8 , , , 44541 949 9 pp pp NNP 44541 949 10 . . . 44541 950 1 363 363 CD 44541 950 2 - - SYM 44541 950 3 384 384 CD 44541 950 4 ; ; : 44541 950 5 xxxvi xxxvi NNP 44541 950 6 . . NNP 44541 950 7 , , , 44541 950 8 pp pp NNP 44541 950 9 . . . 44541 951 1 141 141 CD 44541 951 2 - - SYM 44541 951 3 154 154 CD 44541 951 4 ; ; : 44541 951 5 362 362 CD 44541 951 6 - - SYM 44541 951 7 386 386 CD 44541 951 8 . . . 44541 952 1 Unless unless IN 44541 952 2 we -PRON- PRP 44541 952 3 prefer prefer VBP 44541 952 4 giving give VBG 44541 952 5 up up RP 44541 952 6 all all DT 44541 952 7 attempt attempt NN 44541 952 8 at at IN 44541 952 9 calculation calculation NN 44541 952 10 as as IN 44541 952 11 absolutely absolutely RB 44541 952 12 hopeless hopeless JJ 44541 952 13 , , , 44541 952 14 and and CC 44541 952 15 thus thus RB 44541 952 16 resign resign VB 44541 952 17 the the DT 44541 952 18 whole whole JJ 44541 952 19 problem problem NN 44541 952 20 , , , 44541 952 21 we -PRON- PRP 44541 952 22 must must MD 44541 952 23 at at IN 44541 952 24 least least JJS 44541 952 25 try try VB 44541 952 26 to to TO 44541 952 27 arrive arrive VB 44541 952 28 at at IN 44541 952 29 some some DT 44541 952 30 results result NNS 44541 952 31 , , , 44541 952 32 and and CC 44541 952 33 then then RB 44541 952 34 see see VB 44541 952 35 if if IN 44541 952 36 these these DT 44541 952 37 can can MD 44541 952 38 not not RB 44541 952 39 reasonably reasonably RB 44541 952 40 be be VB 44541 952 41 made make VBN 44541 952 42 use use NN 44541 952 43 of of IN 44541 952 44 . . . 44541 953 1 Neither neither CC 44541 953 2 geologist geologist JJ 44541 953 3 nor nor CC 44541 953 4 physicist physicist JJ 44541 953 5 , , , 44541 953 6 and and CC 44541 953 7 no no DT 44541 953 8 zoologist zoologist NN 44541 953 9 , , , 44541 953 10 would would MD 44541 953 11 accept accept VB 44541 953 12 the the DT 44541 953 13 suggestion suggestion NN 44541 953 14 that that IN 44541 953 15 these these DT 44541 953 16 130,000 130,000 CD 44541 953 17 feet foot NNS 44541 953 18 of of IN 44541 953 19 stratified stratified JJ 44541 953 20 rocks rock NNS 44541 953 21 have have VBP 44541 953 22 been be VBN 44541 953 23 deposited deposit VBN 44541 953 24 within within IN 44541 953 25 only only RB 44541 953 26 as as IN 44541 953 27 many many JJ 44541 953 28 years year NNS 44541 953 29 , , , 44541 953 30 although although IN 44541 953 31 the the DT 44541 953 32 average average JJ 44541 953 33 rate rate NN 44541 953 34 of of IN 44541 953 35 deposit deposit NN 44541 953 36 would would MD 44541 953 37 in in IN 44541 953 38 that that DT 44541 953 39 case case NN 44541 953 40 be be VB 44541 953 41 not not RB 44541 953 42 more more JJR 44541 953 43 than than IN 44541 953 44 1 1 CD 44541 953 45 foot foot NN 44541 953 46 per per IN 44541 953 47 year year NN 44541 953 48 . . . 44541 954 1 On on IN 44541 954 2 the the DT 44541 954 3 other other JJ 44541 954 4 hand hand NN 44541 954 5 , , , 44541 954 6 an an DT 44541 954 7 indignant indignant JJ 44541 954 8 protest protest NN 44541 954 9 is be VBZ 44541 954 10 raised raise VBN 44541 954 11 against against IN 44541 954 12 the the DT 44541 954 13 assumption assumption NN 44541 954 14 of of IN 44541 954 15 1,000,000,000 1,000,000,000 CD 44541 954 16 years year NNS 44541 954 17 . . . 44541 955 1 Lord Lord NNP 44541 955 2 Kelvin[27 kelvin[27 ADD 44541 955 3 ] ] -RRB- 44541 955 4 has have VBZ 44541 955 5 come come VBN 44541 955 6 to to IN 44541 955 7 the the DT 44541 955 8 conclusion conclusion NN 44541 955 9 ( ( -LRB- 44541 955 10 from from IN 44541 955 11 data datum NNS 44541 955 12 which which WDT 44541 955 13 various various JJ 44541 955 14 other other JJ 44541 955 15 authorities authority NNS 44541 955 16 regard regard VBP 44541 955 17 as as IN 44541 955 18 very very RB 44541 955 19 unsatisfactory unsatisfactory JJ 44541 955 20 ) ) -RRB- 44541 955 21 that that IN 44541 955 22 not not RB 44541 955 23 much much RB 44541 955 24 more more JJR 44541 955 25 than than IN 44541 955 26 100,000,000 100,000,000 CD 44541 955 27 years year NNS 44541 955 28 can can MD 44541 955 29 have have VB 44541 955 30 elapsed elapse VBN 44541 955 31 since since IN 44541 955 32 the the DT 44541 955 33 molten molten JJ 44541 955 34 globe globe NN 44541 955 35 acquired acquire VBD 44541 955 36 a a DT 44541 955 37 consolidated consolidated JJ 44541 955 38 crust crust NN 44541 955 39 . . . 44541 956 1 Further further JJ 44541 956 2 time time NN 44541 956 3 must must MD 44541 956 4 have have VB 44541 956 5 passed pass VBN 44541 956 6 before before IN 44541 956 7 the the DT 44541 956 8 surface surface NN 44541 956 9 had have VBD 44541 956 10 become become VBN 44541 956 11 stable stable JJ 44541 956 12 and and CC 44541 956 13 cool cool JJ 44541 956 14 enough enough RB 44541 956 15 to to TO 44541 956 16 allow allow VB 44541 956 17 the the DT 44541 956 18 temperature temperature NN 44541 956 19 of of IN 44541 956 20 the the DT 44541 956 21 collecting collect VBG 44541 956 22 oceans ocean NNS 44541 956 23 to to TO 44541 956 24 fall fall VB 44541 956 25 below below IN 44541 956 26 boiling boiling NN 44541 956 27 - - HYPH 44541 956 28 point point NN 44541 956 29 , , , 44541 956 30 and and CC 44541 956 31 it -PRON- PRP 44541 956 32 is be VBZ 44541 956 33 obvious obvious JJ 44541 956 34 that that IN 44541 956 35 life life NN 44541 956 36 can can MD 44541 956 37 not not RB 44541 956 38 possibly possibly RB 44541 956 39 have have VB 44541 956 40 begun begin VBN 44541 956 41 until until IN 44541 956 42 after after IN 44541 956 43 this this DT 44541 956 44 had have VBD 44541 956 45 happened happen VBN 44541 956 46 . . . 44541 957 1 [ [ -LRB- 44541 957 2 27 27 CD 44541 957 3 ] ] -RRB- 44541 957 4 William William NNP 44541 957 5 Thomson Thomson NNP 44541 957 6 : : : 44541 957 7 ' ' `` 44541 957 8 On on IN 44541 957 9 the the DT 44541 957 10 Secular Secular NNP 44541 957 11 Cooling Cooling NNP 44541 957 12 of of IN 44541 957 13 the the DT 44541 957 14 Earth Earth NNP 44541 957 15 , , , 44541 957 16 ' ' '' 44541 957 17 _ _ NNP 44541 957 18 Transact Transact NNP 44541 957 19 . . . 44541 958 1 R. R. NNP 44541 958 2 S. S. NNP 44541 958 3 Edinb Edinb NNP 44541 958 4 . . . 44541 958 5 _ _ NNP 44541 958 6 , , , 44541 958 7 xxiii xxiii NNP 44541 958 8 . . NNP 44541 958 9 , , , 44541 958 10 1864 1864 CD 44541 958 11 , , , 44541 958 12 pp pp NNP 44541 958 13 . . . 44541 959 1 157 157 CD 44541 959 2 - - SYM 44541 959 3 169 169 CD 44541 959 4 . . . 44541 960 1 Wallace Wallace NNP 44541 960 2 , , , 44541 960 3 in in IN 44541 960 4 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 960 5 ' ' `` 44541 960 6 Island Island NNP 44541 960 7 Life Life NNP 44541 960 8 , , , 44541 960 9 ' ' '' 44541 960 10 by by IN 44541 960 11 making make VBG 44541 960 12 use use NN 44541 960 13 of of IN 44541 960 14 Professor Professor NNP 44541 960 15 A. A. NNP 44541 960 16 Geikie Geikie NNP 44541 960 17 's 's POS 44541 960 18 results result NNS 44541 960 19 as as IN 44541 960 20 to to IN 44541 960 21 the the DT 44541 960 22 rate rate NN 44541 960 23 of of IN 44541 960 24 denudation denudation NN 44541 960 25 of of IN 44541 960 26 matter matter NN 44541 960 27 by by IN 44541 960 28 rivers river NNS 44541 960 29 from from IN 44541 960 30 the the DT 44541 960 31 area area NN 44541 960 32 of of IN 44541 960 33 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 960 34 basins basin NNS 44541 960 35 , , , 44541 960 36 and and CC 44541 960 37 estimating estimate VBG 44541 960 38 the the DT 44541 960 39 average average JJ 44541 960 40 rate rate NN 44541 960 41 of of IN 44541 960 42 deposition deposition NN 44541 960 43 , , , 44541 960 44 concludes conclude VBZ 44541 960 45 that that IN 44541 960 46 ' ' '' 44541 960 47 the the DT 44541 960 48 time time NN 44541 960 49 required require VBN 44541 960 50 to to TO 44541 960 51 produce produce VB 44541 960 52 this this DT 44541 960 53 thickness thickness NN 44541 960 54 of of IN 44541 960 55 rock rock NN 44541 960 56 [ [ -LRB- 44541 960 57 Professor Professor NNP 44541 960 58 Haughton Haughton NNP 44541 960 59 's 's POS 44541 960 60 maximum maximum NN 44541 960 61 of of IN 44541 960 62 177,000 177,000 CD 44541 960 63 feet foot NNS 44541 960 64 ] ] -RRB- 44541 960 65 at at IN 44541 960 66 the the DT 44541 960 67 present present JJ 44541 960 68 rate rate NN 44541 960 69 of of IN 44541 960 70 denudation denudation NN 44541 960 71 and and CC 44541 960 72 deposition deposition NN 44541 960 73 is be VBZ 44541 960 74 only only RB 44541 960 75 28,000,000 28,000,000 CD 44541 960 76 years year NNS 44541 960 77 . . . 44541 960 78 ' ' '' 44541 961 1 Our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 961 2 lower low JJR 44541 961 3 assumption assumption NN 44541 961 4 of of IN 44541 961 5 130,000 130,000 CD 44541 961 6 feet foot NNS 44541 961 7 thickness thickness NN 44541 961 8 would would MD 44541 961 9 give give VB 44541 961 10 only only RB 44541 961 11 20,000,000 20,000,000 CD 44541 961 12 years year NNS 44541 961 13 -- -- : 44541 961 14 a a DT 44541 961 15 rate rate NN 44541 961 16 of of IN 44541 961 17 1 1 CD 44541 961 18 foot foot NN 44541 961 19 in in IN 44541 961 20 154 154 CD 44541 961 21 years year NNS 44541 961 22 . . . 44541 962 1 Again again RB 44541 962 2 , , , 44541 962 3 if if IN 44541 962 4 we -PRON- PRP 44541 962 5 prefer prefer VBP 44541 962 6 round round JJ 44541 962 7 numbers number NNS 44541 962 8 to to TO 44541 962 9 start start VB 44541 962 10 with with IN 44541 962 11 , , , 44541 962 12 we -PRON- PRP 44541 962 13 have have VBP 44541 962 14 only only RB 44541 962 15 to to TO 44541 962 16 assume assume VB 44541 962 17 that that IN 44541 962 18 the the DT 44541 962 19 age age NN 44541 962 20 of of IN 44541 962 21 the the DT 44541 962 22 whole whole JJ 44541 962 23 Tertiary tertiary JJ 44541 962 24 period period NN 44541 962 25 , , , 44541 962 26 with with IN 44541 962 27 its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 962 28 3,000 3,000 CD 44541 962 29 feet foot NNS 44541 962 30 thickness thickness NN 44541 962 31 , , , 44541 962 32 is be VBZ 44541 962 33 3,000,000 3,000,000 CD 44541 962 34 years year NNS 44541 962 35 ( ( -LRB- 44541 962 36 _ _ NNP 44541 962 37 i.e. i.e. FW 44541 962 38 _ _ NNP 44541 962 39 , , , 44541 962 40 1,000 1,000 CD 44541 962 41 feet foot NNS 44541 962 42 in in IN 44541 962 43 1,000,000 1,000,000 CD 44541 962 44 years year NNS 44541 962 45 , , , 44541 962 46 or or CC 44541 962 47 1 1 CD 44541 962 48 foot foot NN 44541 962 49 in in IN 44541 962 50 1,000 1,000 CD 44541 962 51 years year NNS 44541 962 52 , , , 44541 962 53 surely surely RB 44541 962 54 an an DT 44541 962 55 excessively excessively RB 44541 962 56 slow slow JJ 44541 962 57 rate rate NN 44541 962 58 ) ) -RRB- 44541 962 59 ; ; : 44541 962 60 then then RB 44541 962 61 130,000,000 130,000,000 CD 44541 962 62 years year NNS 44541 962 63 would would MD 44541 962 64 bring bring VB 44541 962 65 us -PRON- PRP 44541 962 66 to to IN 44541 962 67 the the DT 44541 962 68 bottom bottom NN 44541 962 69 of of IN 44541 962 70 the the DT 44541 962 71 Laurentian laurentian JJ 44541 962 72 or or CC 44541 962 73 pre pre JJ 44541 962 74 - - JJ 44541 962 75 Cambrian cambrian JJ 44541 962 76 deposits deposit NNS 44541 962 77 . . . 44541 963 1 Of of RB 44541 963 2 course course RB 44541 963 3 , , , 44541 963 4 it -PRON- PRP 44541 963 5 is be VBZ 44541 963 6 a a DT 44541 963 7 pure pure JJ 44541 963 8 assumption assumption NN 44541 963 9 that that IN 44541 963 10 the the DT 44541 963 11 same same JJ 44541 963 12 rate rate NN 44541 963 13 of of IN 44541 963 14 destruction destruction NN 44541 963 15 and and CC 44541 963 16 sedimentation sedimentation NN 44541 963 17 applies apply VBZ 44541 963 18 to to IN 44541 963 19 the the DT 44541 963 20 whole whole NN 44541 963 21 of of IN 44541 963 22 the the DT 44541 963 23 strata strata NN 44541 963 24 ; ; : 44541 963 25 but but CC 44541 963 26 we -PRON- PRP 44541 963 27 know know VBP 44541 963 28 nothing nothing NN 44541 963 29 to to IN 44541 963 30 the the DT 44541 963 31 contrary contrary NN 44541 963 32 , , , 44541 963 33 especially especially RB 44541 963 34 if if IN 44541 963 35 we -PRON- PRP 44541 963 36 consider consider VBP 44541 963 37 the the DT 44541 963 38 average average JJ 44541 963 39 periods period NNS 44541 963 40 , , , 44541 963 41 the the DT 44541 963 42 quick quick JJ 44541 963 43 periods period NNS 44541 963 44 of of IN 44541 963 45 extra extra JJ 44541 963 46 activity activity NN 44541 963 47 , , , 44541 963 48 taken take VBN 44541 963 49 with with IN 44541 963 50 the the DT 44541 963 51 slow slow JJ 44541 963 52 periods period NNS 44541 963 53 or or CC 44541 963 54 those those DT 44541 963 55 of of IN 44541 963 56 standstill standstill NN 44541 963 57 . . . 44541 964 1 Dana Dana NNP 44541 964 2 estimated estimate VBD 44541 964 3 the the DT 44541 964 4 length length NN 44541 964 5 of of IN 44541 964 6 the the DT 44541 964 7 whole whole JJ 44541 964 8 Tertiary tertiary JJ 44541 964 9 period period NN 44541 964 10 at at IN 44541 964 11 one one CD 44541 964 12 - - HYPH 44541 964 13 fifteenth fifteenth NN 44541 964 14 of of IN 44541 964 15 the the DT 44541 964 16 Mesozoic Mesozoic NNP 44541 964 17 and and CC 44541 964 18 Palæozoic Palæozoic NNP 44541 964 19 combined combine VBN 44541 964 20 . . . 44541 965 1 If if IN 44541 965 2 we -PRON- PRP 44541 965 3 take take VBP 44541 965 4 the the DT 44541 965 5 duration duration NN 44541 965 6 of of IN 44541 965 7 the the DT 44541 965 8 Tertiary tertiary JJ 44541 965 9 period period NN 44541 965 10 , , , 44541 965 11 as as IN 44541 965 12 before before RB 44541 965 13 , , , 44541 965 14 as as IN 44541 965 15 3,000,000 3,000,000 CD 44541 965 16 to to TO 44541 965 17 4,000,000 4,000,000 CD 44541 965 18 years year NNS 44541 965 19 , , , 44541 965 20 the the DT 44541 965 21 total total NN 44541 965 22 will will MD 44541 965 23 amount amount VB 44541 965 24 to to IN 44541 965 25 from from IN 44541 965 26 45,000,000 45,000,000 CD 44541 965 27 to to IN 44541 965 28 60,000,000 60,000,000 CD 44541 965 29 years year NNS 44541 965 30 . . . 44541 966 1 Lastly lastly RB 44541 966 2 , , , 44541 966 3 Walcott[28 walcott[28 ADD 44541 966 4 ] ] -RRB- 44541 966 5 has have VBZ 44541 966 6 estimated estimate VBN 44541 966 7 the the DT 44541 966 8 duration duration NN 44541 966 9 of of IN 44541 966 10 the the DT 44541 966 11 Palæozoic Palæozoic NNP 44541 966 12 , , , 44541 966 13 Mesozoic Mesozoic NNP 44541 966 14 , , , 44541 966 15 and and CC 44541 966 16 Cænozoic Cænozoic NNP 44541 966 17 or or CC 44541 966 18 Tertiary tertiary JJ 44541 966 19 epochs epoch NNS 44541 966 20 at at IN 44541 966 21 about about IN 44541 966 22 17,000,000 17,000,000 CD 44541 966 23 , , , 44541 966 24 7,000,000 7,000,000 CD 44541 966 25 and and CC 44541 966 26 3,000,000 3,000,000 CD 44541 966 27 years year NNS 44541 966 28 respectively respectively RB 44541 966 29 , , , 44541 966 30 giving give VBG 44541 966 31 27,700,000 27,700,000 CD 44541 966 32 years year NNS 44541 966 33 from from IN 44541 966 34 the the DT 44541 966 35 beginning beginning NN 44541 966 36 of of IN 44541 966 37 the the DT 44541 966 38 Cambrian cambrian JJ 44541 966 39 ; ; : 44541 966 40 and and CC 44541 966 41 Williams[29 williams[29 ADD 44541 966 42 ] ] -RRB- 44541 966 43 has have VBZ 44541 966 44 calculated calculate VBN 44541 966 45 the the DT 44541 966 46 relative relative JJ 44541 966 47 duration duration NN 44541 966 48 of of IN 44541 966 49 the the DT 44541 966 50 smaller small JJR 44541 966 51 epochs epoch NNS 44541 966 52 . . . 44541 967 1 See see VB 44541 967 2 the the DT 44541 967 3 table table NN 44541 967 4 on on IN 44541 967 5 p. p. NN 44541 967 6 149 149 CD 44541 967 7 . . . 44541 968 1 The the DT 44541 968 2 results result NNS 44541 968 3 of of IN 44541 968 4 all all PDT 44541 968 5 these these DT 44541 968 6 calculations calculation NNS 44541 968 7 fall fall VBP 44541 968 8 surprisingly surprisingly RB 44541 968 9 well well RB 44541 968 10 within within IN 44541 968 11 the the DT 44541 968 12 limits limit NNS 44541 968 13 of of IN 44541 968 14 Lord Lord NNP 44541 968 15 Kelvin Kelvin NNP 44541 968 16 's 's POS 44541 968 17 allowance allowance NN 44541 968 18 . . . 44541 969 1 Of of RB 44541 969 2 course course RB 44541 969 3 they -PRON- PRP 44541 969 4 are be VBP 44541 969 5 based base VBN 44541 969 6 upon upon IN 44541 969 7 assumptions assumption NNS 44541 969 8 , , , 44541 969 9 but but CC 44541 969 10 none none NN 44541 969 11 of of IN 44541 969 12 them -PRON- PRP 44541 969 13 is be VBZ 44541 969 14 inherently inherently RB 44541 969 15 unreasonable unreasonable JJ 44541 969 16 ; ; : 44541 969 17 and and CC 44541 969 18 it -PRON- PRP 44541 969 19 was be VBD 44541 969 20 my -PRON- PRP$ 44541 969 21 purpose purpose NN 44541 969 22 to to TO 44541 969 23 draw draw VB 44541 969 24 attention attention NN 44541 969 25 to to IN 44541 969 26 the the DT 44541 969 27 surprising surprising JJ 44541 969 28 coincidence coincidence NN 44541 969 29 in in IN 44541 969 30 the the DT 44541 969 31 closeness closeness NN 44541 969 32 of of IN 44541 969 33 these these DT 44541 969 34 results result NNS 44541 969 35 , , , 44541 969 36 perhaps perhaps RB 44541 969 37 too too RB 44541 969 38 good good JJ 44541 969 39 to to TO 44541 969 40 be be VB 44541 969 41 true true JJ 44541 969 42 . . . 44541 970 1 Such such JJ 44541 970 2 calculations calculation NNS 44541 970 3 are be VBP 44541 970 4 considered consider VBN 44541 970 5 close close JJ 44541 970 6 enough enough RB 44541 970 7 if if IN 44541 970 8 they -PRON- PRP 44541 970 9 range range VBP 44541 970 10 within within IN 44541 970 11 a a DT 44541 970 12 few few JJ 44541 970 13 multiples multiple NNS 44541 970 14 of of IN 44541 970 15 each each DT 44541 970 16 other other JJ 44541 970 17 . . . 44541 971 1 [ [ -LRB- 44541 971 2 28 28 CD 44541 971 3 ] ] -RRB- 44541 971 4 ' ' `` 44541 971 5 Geological Geological NNP 44541 971 6 Time Time NNP 44541 971 7 as as IN 44541 971 8 indicated indicate VBN 44541 971 9 by by IN 44541 971 10 the the DT 44541 971 11 Sedimentary Sedimentary NNP 44541 971 12 Rocks Rocks NNPS 44541 971 13 of of IN 44541 971 14 North North NNP 44541 971 15 America America NNP 44541 971 16 . . . 44541 971 17 ' ' '' 44541 972 1 _ _ NNP 44541 972 2 Proc Proc NNP 44541 972 3 . . . 44541 973 1 Amer amer NN 44541 973 2 . . . 44541 974 1 Assoc Assoc NNP 44541 974 2 . . . 44541 975 1 Adv Adv NNP 44541 975 2 . . . 44541 976 1 Sci Sci NNP 44541 976 2 . . NNP 44541 976 3 _ _ NNP 44541 976 4 , , , 44541 976 5 xlii xlii NNP 44541 976 6 . . NNP 44541 976 7 , , , 44541 976 8 1893 1893 CD 44541 976 9 , , , 44541 976 10 pp pp NNP 44541 976 11 . . . 44541 977 1 129 129 CD 44541 977 2 - - SYM 44541 977 3 169 169 CD 44541 977 4 . . . 44541 978 1 [ [ -LRB- 44541 978 2 29 29 CD 44541 978 3 ] ] -RRB- 44541 978 4 Henry Henry NNP 44541 978 5 Shaler Shaler NNP 44541 978 6 Williams Williams NNP 44541 978 7 , , , 44541 978 8 ' ' '' 44541 978 9 Geological Geological NNP 44541 978 10 Biology Biology NNP 44541 978 11 . . . 44541 978 12 ' ' '' 44541 979 1 New New NNP 44541 979 2 York York NNP 44541 979 3 , , , 44541 979 4 1895 1895 CD 44541 979 5 . . . 44541 980 1 Zoologists zoologist NNS 44541 980 2 have have VBP 44541 980 3 fallen fall VBN 44541 980 4 into into IN 44541 980 5 the the DT 44541 980 6 habit habit NN 44541 980 7 of of IN 44541 980 8 requiring require VBG 44541 980 9 enormous enormous JJ 44541 980 10 lengths length NNS 44541 980 11 of of IN 44541 980 12 time time NN 44541 980 13 for for IN 44541 980 14 the the DT 44541 980 15 evolution evolution NN 44541 980 16 of of IN 44541 980 17 the the DT 44541 980 18 animal animal NN 44541 980 19 kingdom kingdom NN 44541 980 20 . . . 44541 981 1 We -PRON- PRP 44541 981 2 know know VBP 44541 981 3 that that IN 44541 981 4 Evolution Evolution NNP 44541 981 5 is be VBZ 44541 981 6 at at IN 44541 981 7 best good JJS 44541 981 8 a a DT 44541 981 9 slow slow JJ 44541 981 10 process process NN 44541 981 11 , , , 44541 981 12 and and CC 44541 981 13 the the DT 44541 981 14 conception conception NN 44541 981 15 of of IN 44541 981 16 the the DT 44541 981 17 changes change NNS 44541 981 18 necessary necessary JJ 44541 981 19 to to TO 44541 981 20 evolve evolve VB 44541 981 21 man man NN 44541 981 22 from from IN 44541 981 23 monkey monkey NN 44541 981 24 - - HYPH 44541 981 25 like like JJ 44541 981 26 creatures creature NNS 44541 981 27 , , , 44541 981 28 these these DT 44541 981 29 from from IN 44541 981 30 the the DT 44541 981 31 lowest low JJS 44541 981 32 imaginary imaginary JJ 44541 981 33 mammals mammal NNS 44541 981 34 , , , 44541 981 35 these these DT 44541 981 36 from from IN 44541 981 37 some some DT 44541 981 38 reptilian reptilian JJ 44541 981 39 stock stock NN 44541 981 40 , , , 44541 981 41 thence thence NN 44541 981 42 descending descend VBG 44541 981 43 to to IN 44541 981 44 Dipnoan Dipnoan NNP 44541 981 45 fish fish NN 44541 981 46 - - HYPH 44541 981 47 like like JJ 44541 981 48 creatures creature NNS 44541 981 49 , , , 44541 981 50 and and CC 44541 981 51 so so RB 44541 981 52 on on RB 44541 981 53 back back RB 44541 981 54 into into IN 44541 981 55 Invertebrata Invertebrata NNP 44541 981 56 , , , 44541 981 57 down down RB 44541 981 58 to to IN 44541 981 59 the the DT 44541 981 60 simple simple JJ 44541 981 61 Monera Monera NNP 44541 981 62 -- -- : 44541 981 63 this this DT 44541 981 64 conception conception NN 44541 981 65 is be VBZ 44541 981 66 indeed indeed RB 44541 981 67 gigantic gigantic JJ 44541 981 68 . . . 44541 982 1 Innumerable innumerable JJ 44541 982 2 , , , 44541 982 3 almost almost RB 44541 982 4 endless endless JJ 44541 982 5 , , , 44541 982 6 slow slow JJ 44541 982 7 changes change NNS 44541 982 8 require require VBP 44541 982 9 seemingly seemingly RB 44541 982 10 unlimited unlimited JJ 44541 982 11 time time NN 44541 982 12 , , , 44541 982 13 and and CC 44541 982 14 as as IN 44541 982 15 time time NN 44541 982 16 is be VBZ 44541 982 17 endless endless JJ 44541 982 18 , , , 44541 982 19 why why WRB 44541 982 20 not not RB 44541 982 21 draw draw VB 44541 982 22 upon upon IN 44541 982 23 it -PRON- PRP 44541 982 24 _ _ IN 44541 982 25 ad ad NN 44541 982 26 libitum libitum NN 44541 982 27 _ _ NNP 44541 982 28 ? ? . 44541 983 1 Huxley Huxley NNP 44541 983 2 pointed point VBD 44541 983 3 out out RP 44541 983 4 that that IN 44541 983 5 it -PRON- PRP 44541 983 6 took take VBD 44541 983 7 nearly nearly RB 44541 983 8 the the DT 44541 983 9 whole whole NN 44541 983 10 of of IN 44541 983 11 the the DT 44541 983 12 Tertiary Tertiary NNP 44541 983 13 epoch epoch NN 44541 983 14 to to TO 44541 983 15 produce produce VB 44541 983 16 the the DT 44541 983 17 horse horse NN 44541 983 18 out out IN 44541 983 19 of of IN 44541 983 20 the the DT 44541 983 21 four four CD 44541 983 22 - - HYPH 44541 983 23 toed toe VBN 44541 983 24 Eohippos Eohippos NNP 44541 983 25 , , , 44541 983 26 and and CC 44541 983 27 that that IN 44541 983 28 , , , 44541 983 29 if if IN 44541 983 30 we -PRON- PRP 44541 983 31 apply apply VBP 44541 983 32 this this DT 44541 983 33 rate rate NN 44541 983 34 to to IN 44541 983 35 the the DT 44541 983 36 rest rest NN 44541 983 37 of of IN 44541 983 38 its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 983 39 pedigree pedigree JJ 44541 983 40 , , , 44541 983 41 enormous enormous JJ 44541 983 42 times time NNS 44541 983 43 would would MD 44541 983 44 be be VB 44541 983 45 required require VBN 44541 983 46 . . . 44541 984 1 This this DT 44541 984 2 is be VBZ 44541 984 3 , , , 44541 984 4 however however RB 44541 984 5 , , , 44541 984 6 a a DT 44541 984 7 very very RB 44541 984 8 misleading misleading JJ 44541 984 9 statement statement NN 44541 984 10 , , , 44541 984 11 which which WDT 44541 984 12 necessitates necessitate VBZ 44541 984 13 considerable considerable JJ 44541 984 14 reduction reduction NN 44541 984 15 , , , 44541 984 16 in in IN 44541 984 17 conformity conformity NN 44541 984 18 with with IN 44541 984 19 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 984 20 increased increase VBN 44541 984 21 palæontological palæontological JJ 44541 984 22 knowledge knowledge NN 44541 984 23 . . . 44541 985 1 Animals animal NNS 44541 985 2 of of IN 44541 985 3 the the DT 44541 985 4 genus genus JJ 44541 985 5 Equus Equus NNP 44541 985 6 -- -- : 44541 985 7 namely namely RB 44541 985 8 , , , 44541 985 9 Ungulata Ungulata NNP 44541 985 10 , , , 44541 985 11 with with IN 44541 985 12 one one CD 44541 985 13 toe toe NN 44541 985 14 , , , 44541 985 15 and and CC 44541 985 16 with with IN 44541 985 17 a a DT 44541 985 18 certain certain JJ 44541 985 19 tooth tooth JJ 44541 985 20 pattern pattern NN 44541 985 21 -- -- : 44541 985 22 from from IN 44541 985 23 the the DT 44541 985 24 Upper Upper NNP 44541 985 25 Miocene Miocene NNP 44541 985 26 of of IN 44541 985 27 India India NNP 44541 985 28 are be VBP 44541 985 29 now now RB 44541 985 30 known know VBN 44541 985 31 . . . 44541 986 1 Moreover moreover RB 44541 986 2 , , , 44541 986 3 it -PRON- PRP 44541 986 4 is be VBZ 44541 986 5 not not RB 44541 986 6 simply simply RB 44541 986 7 a a DT 44541 986 8 question question NN 44541 986 9 of of IN 44541 986 10 the the DT 44541 986 11 gradual gradual JJ 44541 986 12 loss loss NN 44541 986 13 of of IN 44541 986 14 the the DT 44541 986 15 side side NN 44541 986 16 - - HYPH 44541 986 17 toes toe NNS 44541 986 18 . . . 44541 987 1 The the DT 44541 987 2 change change NN 44541 987 3 from from IN 44541 987 4 the the DT 44541 987 5 fox fox NN 44541 987 6 - - HYPH 44541 987 7 sized sized JJ 44541 987 8 little little JJ 44541 987 9 Eohippos Eohippos NNP 44541 987 10 and and CC 44541 987 11 Hyracotherium Hyracotherium NNP 44541 987 12 , , , 44541 987 13 so so RB 44541 987 14 far far RB 44541 987 15 as as IN 44541 987 16 skull skull NN 44541 987 17 , , , 44541 987 18 teeth tooth NNS 44541 987 19 , , , 44541 987 20 vertebral vertebral JJ 44541 987 21 column column NN 44541 987 22 , , , 44541 987 23 and and CC 44541 987 24 limbs limb NNS 44541 987 25 are be VBP 44541 987 26 concerned concern VBN 44541 987 27 ( ( -LRB- 44541 987 28 about about IN 44541 987 29 the the DT 44541 987 30 soft soft JJ 44541 987 31 parts part NNS 44541 987 32 we -PRON- PRP 44541 987 33 know know VBP 44541 987 34 next next RB 44541 987 35 to to IN 44541 987 36 nothing nothing NN 44541 987 37 ) ) -RRB- 44541 987 38 , , , 44541 987 39 is be VBZ 44541 987 40 a a DT 44541 987 41 very very RB 44541 987 42 great great JJ 44541 987 43 one one NN 44541 987 44 indeed indeed RB 44541 987 45 . . . 44541 988 1 Elephants elephant NNS 44541 988 2 and and CC 44541 988 3 mammoths mammoth NNS 44541 988 4 seem seem VBP 44541 988 5 to to TO 44541 988 6 have have VB 44541 988 7 developed develop VBN 44541 988 8 very very RB 44541 988 9 rapidly rapidly RB 44541 988 10 . . . 44541 989 1 None none NN 44541 989 2 are be VBP 44541 989 3 known know VBN 44541 989 4 from from IN 44541 989 5 Eocene Eocene NNP 44541 989 6 strata stratum NNS 44541 989 7 ; ; : 44541 989 8 but but CC 44541 989 9 towards towards IN 44541 989 10 the the DT 44541 989 11 end end NN 44541 989 12 of of IN 44541 989 13 the the DT 44541 989 14 Miocene Miocene NNP 44541 989 15 they -PRON- PRP 44541 989 16 had have VBD 44541 989 17 spread spread VBN 44541 989 18 over over IN 44541 989 19 Asia Asia NNP 44541 989 20 , , , 44541 989 21 Europe Europe NNP 44541 989 22 , , , 44541 989 23 and and CC 44541 989 24 North North NNP 44541 989 25 America America NNP 44541 989 26 , , , 44541 989 27 and and CC 44541 989 28 that that IN 44541 989 29 in in IN 44541 989 30 great great JJ 44541 989 31 numbers number NNS 44541 989 32 . . . 44541 990 1 The the DT 44541 990 2 Eocene Eocene NNP 44541 990 3 Amblypoda Amblypoda NNP 44541 990 4 are be VBP 44541 990 5 still still RB 44541 990 6 so so RB 44541 990 7 different different JJ 44541 990 8 that that IN 44541 990 9 we -PRON- PRP 44541 990 10 hesitate hesitate VBP 44541 990 11 to to TO 44541 990 12 connect connect VB 44541 990 13 them -PRON- PRP 44541 990 14 ancestrally ancestrally RB 44541 990 15 with with IN 44541 990 16 the the DT 44541 990 17 elephants elephant NNS 44541 990 18 . . . 44541 991 1 The the DT 44541 991 2 Pinnipedia Pinnipedia NNP 44541 991 3 ( ( -LRB- 44541 991 4 seals seal NNS 44541 991 5 and and CC 44541 991 6 walruses walrus NNS 44541 991 7 ) ) -RRB- 44541 991 8 are be VBP 44541 991 9 strongly strongly RB 44541 991 10 modified modify VBN 44541 991 11 fissiped fissipe VBD 44541 991 12 Carnivora Carnivora NNP 44541 991 13 , , , 44541 991 14 and and CC 44541 991 15 have have VBP 44541 991 16 existed exist VBN 44541 991 17 since since IN 44541 991 18 at at IN 44541 991 19 least least JJS 44541 991 20 the the DT 44541 991 21 Upper Upper NNP 44541 991 22 Miocene Miocene NNP 44541 991 23 ; ; : 44541 991 24 the the DT 44541 991 25 transformation transformation NN 44541 991 26 must must MD 44541 991 27 have have VB 44541 991 28 been be VBN 44541 991 29 accomplished accomplish VBN 44541 991 30 within within IN 44541 991 31 the the DT 44541 991 32 Miocene Miocene NNP 44541 991 33 period period NN 44541 991 34 . . . 44541 992 1 We -PRON- PRP 44541 992 2 can can MD 44541 992 3 not not RB 44541 992 4 shut shut VB 44541 992 5 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 992 6 eyes eye NNS 44541 992 7 to to IN 44541 992 8 the the DT 44541 992 9 fact fact NN 44541 992 10 that that IN 44541 992 11 various various JJ 44541 992 12 groups group NNS 44541 992 13 have have VBP 44541 992 14 from from IN 44541 992 15 the the DT 44541 992 16 time time NN 44541 992 17 of of IN 44541 992 18 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 992 19 first first JJ 44541 992 20 appearance appearance NN 44541 992 21 burst burst VBN 44541 992 22 out out RP 44541 992 23 into into IN 44541 992 24 an an DT 44541 992 25 exuberant exuberant JJ 44541 992 26 growth growth NN 44541 992 27 of of IN 44541 992 28 modifications modification NNS 44541 992 29 in in IN 44541 992 30 form form NN 44541 992 31 , , , 44541 992 32 size size NN 44541 992 33 , , , 44541 992 34 and and CC 44541 992 35 numbers number NNS 44541 992 36 , , , 44541 992 37 into into IN 44541 992 38 all all DT 44541 992 39 possible possible JJ 44541 992 40 -- -- : 44541 992 41 and and CC 44541 992 42 one one PRP 44541 992 43 might may MD 44541 992 44 almost almost RB 44541 992 45 say say VB 44541 992 46 impossible impossible JJ 44541 992 47 -- -- : 44541 992 48 shapes shape NNS 44541 992 49 ; ; : 44541 992 50 and and CC 44541 992 51 they -PRON- PRP 44541 992 52 have have VBP 44541 992 53 done do VBN 44541 992 54 this this DT 44541 992 55 within within IN 44541 992 56 comparatively comparatively RB 44541 992 57 short short JJ 44541 992 58 periods period NNS 44541 992 59 , , , 44541 992 60 after after IN 44541 992 61 which which WDT 44541 992 62 they -PRON- PRP 44541 992 63 have have VBP 44541 992 64 died die VBN 44541 992 65 out out RP 44541 992 66 not not RB 44541 992 67 less less RBR 44541 992 68 rapidly rapidly RB 44541 992 69 . . . 44541 993 1 It -PRON- PRP 44541 993 2 seems seem VBZ 44541 993 3 almost almost RB 44541 993 4 as as IN 44541 993 5 if if IN 44541 993 6 these these DT 44541 993 7 go go VB 44541 993 8 - - HYPH 44541 993 9 ahead ahead NN 44541 993 10 creatures creature NNS 44541 993 11 had have VBD 44541 993 12 , , , 44541 993 13 by by IN 44541 993 14 accepting accept VBG 44541 993 15 every every DT 44541 993 16 possible possible JJ 44541 993 17 modification modification NN 44541 993 18 and and CC 44541 993 19 carrying carry VBG 44541 993 20 the the DT 44541 993 21 same same JJ 44541 993 22 to to IN 44541 993 23 the the DT 44541 993 24 extreme extreme NN 44541 993 25 , , , 44541 993 26 too too RB 44541 993 27 quickly quickly RB 44541 993 28 exhausted exhaust VBD 44541 993 29 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 993 30 plasticity plasticity NN 44541 993 31 -- -- : 44541 993 32 which which WDT 44541 993 33 , , , 44541 993 34 after after RB 44541 993 35 all all RB 44541 993 36 , , , 44541 993 37 must must MD 44541 993 38 have have VB 44541 993 39 limits limit NNS 44541 993 40 -- -- : 44541 993 41 thereby thereby RB 44541 993 42 becoming become VBG 44541 993 43 unable unable JJ 44541 993 44 to to TO 44541 993 45 meet meet VB 44541 993 46 successfully successfully RB 44541 993 47 the the DT 44541 993 48 requirements requirement NNS 44541 993 49 of of IN 44541 993 50 further further JJ 44541 993 51 changes change NNS 44541 993 52 in in IN 44541 993 53 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 993 54 surroundings surrounding NNS 44541 993 55 . . . 44541 994 1 The the DT 44541 994 2 slowly slowly RB 44541 994 3 developing develop VBG 44541 994 4 groups group NNS 44541 994 5 , , , 44541 994 6 keeping keep VBG 44541 994 7 within within IN 44541 994 8 main main JJ 44541 994 9 lines line NNS 44541 994 10 of of IN 44541 994 11 Evolution Evolution NNP 44541 994 12 , , , 44541 994 13 and and CC 44541 994 14 not not RB 44541 994 15 being be VBG 44541 994 16 tempted tempt VBN 44541 994 17 into into IN 44541 994 18 aberrant aberrant JJ 44541 994 19 side side NN 44541 994 20 - - HYPH 44541 994 21 issues issue NNS 44541 994 22 , , , 44541 994 23 had have VBD 44541 994 24 , , , 44541 994 25 after after RB 44541 994 26 all all RB 44541 994 27 , , , 44541 994 28 a a DT 44541 994 29 much much RB 44541 994 30 better well JJR 44541 994 31 chance chance NN 44541 994 32 of of IN 44541 994 33 onward onward JJ 44541 994 34 evolution evolution NN 44541 994 35 . . . 44541 995 1 A a DT 44541 995 2 good good JJ 44541 995 3 example example NN 44541 995 4 of of IN 44541 995 5 the the DT 44541 995 6 former former JJ 44541 995 7 are be VBP 44541 995 8 the the DT 44541 995 9 Dinosaurs Dinosaurs NNPS 44541 995 10 . . . 44541 996 1 We -PRON- PRP 44541 996 2 do do VBP 44541 996 3 not not RB 44541 996 4 know know VB 44541 996 5 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 996 6 ancestors ancestor NNS 44541 996 7 ; ; : 44541 996 8 but but CC 44541 996 9 we -PRON- PRP 44541 996 10 have have VBP 44541 996 11 here here RB 44541 996 12 to to TO 44541 996 13 deal deal VB 44541 996 14 only only RB 44541 996 15 with with IN 44541 996 16 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 996 17 range range NN 44541 996 18 of of IN 44541 996 19 transformation transformation NN 44541 996 20 . . . 44541 997 1 The the DT 44541 997 2 oldest old JJS 44541 997 3 known know VBN 44541 997 4 forms form NNS 44541 997 5 occur occur VBP 44541 997 6 in in IN 44541 997 7 the the DT 44541 997 8 Upper Upper NNP 44541 997 9 Trias Trias NNP 44541 997 10 ; ; : 44541 997 11 they -PRON- PRP 44541 997 12 attain attain VBP 44541 997 13 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 997 14 most most RBS 44541 997 15 stupendous stupendous JJ 44541 997 16 development development NN 44541 997 17 in in IN 44541 997 18 the the DT 44541 997 19 Upper Upper NNP 44541 997 20 Jurassic Jurassic NNP 44541 997 21 and and CC 44541 997 22 in in IN 44541 997 23 the the DT 44541 997 24 Wealden Wealden NNP 44541 997 25 ; ; : 44541 997 26 and and CC 44541 997 27 they -PRON- PRP 44541 997 28 have have VBP 44541 997 29 died die VBN 44541 997 30 out out RP 44541 997 31 with with IN 44541 997 32 the the DT 44541 997 33 Cretaceous cretaceous JJ 44541 997 34 epoch epoch NN 44541 997 35 . . . 44541 998 1 But but CC 44541 998 2 already already RB 44541 998 3 some some DT 44541 998 4 of of IN 44541 998 5 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 998 6 earliest early JJS 44541 998 7 forms form NNS 44541 998 8 had have VBD 44541 998 9 assumed assume VBN 44541 998 10 bipedal bipedal NNP 44541 998 11 gait gait NNP 44541 998 12 , , , 44541 998 13 and and CC 44541 998 14 the the DT 44541 998 15 Oolitic Oolitic NNP 44541 998 16 Compsognathus Compsognathus NNP 44541 998 17 had have VBD 44541 998 18 developed develop VBN 44541 998 19 almost almost RB 44541 998 20 bird bird NN 44541 998 21 - - HYPH 44541 998 22 like like JJ 44541 998 23 hind hind NN 44541 998 24 - - HYPH 44541 998 25 limbs limb NNS 44541 998 26 . . . 44541 999 1 On on IN 44541 999 2 the the DT 44541 999 3 other other JJ 44541 999 4 hand hand NN 44541 999 5 , , , 44541 999 6 there there EX 44541 999 7 are be VBP 44541 999 8 many many JJ 44541 999 9 instances instance NNS 44541 999 10 of of IN 44541 999 11 extremely extremely RB 44541 999 12 slow slow JJ 44541 999 13 development development NN 44541 999 14 -- -- : 44541 999 15 facts fact NNS 44541 999 16 which which WDT 44541 999 17 raise raise VBP 44541 999 18 the the DT 44541 999 19 difficult difficult JJ 44541 999 20 question question NN 44541 999 21 of of IN 44541 999 22 ' ' `` 44541 999 23 persistent persistent JJ 44541 999 24 types type NNS 44541 999 25 . . . 44541 999 26 ' ' '' 44541 1000 1 Are be VBP 44541 1000 2 these these DT 44541 1000 3 due due JJ 44541 1000 4 to to IN 44541 1000 5 a a DT 44541 1000 6 state state NN 44541 1000 7 of of IN 44541 1000 8 perfection perfection NN 44541 1000 9 which which WDT 44541 1000 10 can can MD 44541 1000 11 not not RB 44541 1000 12 be be VB 44541 1000 13 improved improve VBN 44541 1000 14 upon upon IN 44541 1000 15 ? ? . 44541 1001 1 Or or CC 44541 1001 2 are be VBP 44541 1001 3 they -PRON- PRP 44541 1001 4 due due JJ 44541 1001 5 to to IN 44541 1001 6 a a DT 44541 1001 7 kind kind NN 44541 1001 8 of of IN 44541 1001 9 morphological morphological JJ 44541 1001 10 consolidation consolidation NN 44541 1001 11 ( ( -LRB- 44541 1001 12 not not RB 44541 1001 13 necessarily necessarily RB 44541 1001 14 specialization specialization NN 44541 1001 15 ) ) -RRB- 44541 1001 16 which which WDT 44541 1001 17 can can MD 44541 1001 18 no no RB 44541 1001 19 longer longer RB 44541 1001 20 yield yield VB 44541 1001 21 easily easily RB 44541 1001 22 , , , 44541 1001 23 so so IN 44541 1001 24 that that IN 44541 1001 25 therefore therefore RB 44541 1001 26 through through IN 44541 1001 27 changes change NNS 44541 1001 28 in in IN 44541 1001 29 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 1001 30 surroundings surrounding NNS 44541 1001 31 they -PRON- PRP 44541 1001 32 may may MD 44541 1001 33 come come VB 44541 1001 34 to to IN 44541 1001 35 an an DT 44541 1001 36 end end NN 44541 1001 37 sooner soon RBR 44541 1001 38 than than IN 44541 1001 39 more more JJR 44541 1001 40 plastic plastic JJ 44541 1001 41 groups group NNS 44541 1001 42 ? ? . 44541 1002 1 Struthio Struthio NNP 44541 1002 2 , , , 44541 1002 3 the the DT 44541 1002 4 ostrich ostrich NN 44541 1002 5 ; ; : 44541 1002 6 Orycteropus Orycteropus NNP 44541 1002 7 , , , 44541 1002 8 the the DT 44541 1002 9 Cape Cape NNP 44541 1002 10 ant ant NN 44541 1002 11 - - HYPH 44541 1002 12 eater eater NN 44541 1002 13 ; ; : 44541 1002 14 Tapirus Tapirus NNP 44541 1002 15 , , , 44541 1002 16 and and CC 44541 1002 17 many many JJ 44541 1002 18 others other NNS 44541 1002 19 , , , 44541 1002 20 existed exist VBD 44541 1002 21 in in IN 44541 1002 22 the the DT 44541 1002 23 Miocene Miocene NNP 44541 1002 24 age age NN 44541 1002 25 practically practically RB 44541 1002 26 as as IN 44541 1002 27 they -PRON- PRP 44541 1002 28 are be VBP 44541 1002 29 now now RB 44541 1002 30 ; ; : 44541 1002 31 but but CC 44541 1002 32 pre pre JJ 44541 1002 33 - - JJ 44541 1002 34 Pliocene pliocene JJ 44541 1002 35 dolphins dolphin NNS 44541 1002 36 , , , 44541 1002 37 cats cat NNS 44541 1002 38 , , , 44541 1002 39 monkeys monkey NNS 44541 1002 40 , , , 44541 1002 41 stags stag NNS 44541 1002 42 , , , 44541 1002 43 all all DT 44541 1002 44 belong belong VBP 44541 1002 45 to to IN 44541 1002 46 closely closely RB 44541 1002 47 - - HYPH 44541 1002 48 allied allied JJ 44541 1002 49 and and CC 44541 1002 50 well well RB 44541 1002 51 - - HYPH 44541 1002 52 defined define VBN 44541 1002 53 ' ' '' 44541 1002 54 genera genera NN 44541 1002 55 , , , 44541 1002 56 ' ' '' 44541 1002 57 but but CC 44541 1002 58 different different JJ 44541 1002 59 from from IN 44541 1002 60 the the DT 44541 1002 61 living live VBG 44541 1002 62 forms form NNS 44541 1002 63 . . . 44541 1003 1 Alligators alligator NNS 44541 1003 2 and and CC 44541 1003 3 crocodiles crocodile NNS 44541 1003 4 are be VBP 44541 1003 5 known know VBN 44541 1003 6 from from IN 44541 1003 7 the the DT 44541 1003 8 Upper Upper NNP 44541 1003 9 Chalk Chalk NNP 44541 1003 10 ; ; : 44541 1003 11 Tomistoma Tomistoma NNP 44541 1003 12 since since IN 44541 1003 13 the the DT 44541 1003 14 Miocene Miocene NNP 44541 1003 15 ; ; : 44541 1003 16 Gavialis Gavialis NNP 44541 1003 17 since since IN 44541 1003 18 the the DT 44541 1003 19 Pliocene Pliocene NNP 44541 1003 20 . . . 44541 1004 1 The the DT 44541 1004 2 oldest old JJS 44541 1004 3 surviving survive VBG 44541 1004 4 reptile reptile NN 44541 1004 5 is be VBZ 44541 1004 6 Sphenodon Sphenodon NNP 44541 1004 7 , , , 44541 1004 8 the the DT 44541 1004 9 Hatteria Hatteria NNP 44541 1004 10 of of IN 44541 1004 11 New New NNP 44541 1004 12 Zealand Zealand NNP 44541 1004 13 , , , 44541 1004 14 a a DT 44541 1004 15 fair fair JJ 44541 1004 16 representative representative NN 44541 1004 17 of of IN 44541 1004 18 what what WP 44541 1004 19 generalized generalize VBD 44541 1004 20 reptiles reptile NNS 44541 1004 21 of of IN 44541 1004 22 the the DT 44541 1004 23 later later JJ 44541 1004 24 Triassic Triassic NNP 44541 1004 25 period period NN 44541 1004 26 seem seem VBP 44541 1004 27 to to TO 44541 1004 28 have have VB 44541 1004 29 been be VBN 44541 1004 30 like like IN 44541 1004 31 ; ; : 44541 1004 32 and and CC 44541 1004 33 to to IN 44541 1004 34 the the DT 44541 1004 35 same same JJ 44541 1004 36 period period NN 44541 1004 37 belongs belong VBZ 44541 1004 38 Ceratodus Ceratodus NNP 44541 1004 39 , , , 44541 1004 40 the the DT 44541 1004 41 Australian australian JJ 44541 1004 42 mud mud NN 44541 1004 43 - - HYPH 44541 1004 44 fish fish NN 44541 1004 45 , , , 44541 1004 46 hitherto hitherto VBD 44541 1004 47 the the DT 44541 1004 48 oldest old JJS 44541 1004 49 known know VBN 44541 1004 50 surviving survive VBG 44541 1004 51 genus genus NN 44541 1004 52 of of IN 44541 1004 53 a a DT 44541 1004 54 very very RB 44541 1004 55 ancient ancient JJ 44541 1004 56 and and CC 44541 1004 57 low low JJ 44541 1004 58 type type NN 44541 1004 59 so so RB 44541 1004 60 far far RB 44541 1004 61 as as IN 44541 1004 62 Vertebrata Vertebrata NNP 44541 1004 63 are be VBP 44541 1004 64 concerned concern VBN 44541 1004 65 . . . 44541 1005 1 Now now RB 44541 1005 2 let let VB 44541 1005 3 us -PRON- PRP 44541 1005 4 see see VB 44541 1005 5 if if IN 44541 1005 6 the the DT 44541 1005 7 above above JJ 44541 1005 8 estimates estimate NNS 44541 1005 9 of of IN 44541 1005 10 geological geological JJ 44541 1005 11 time time NN 44541 1005 12 are be VBP 44541 1005 13 so so RB 44541 1005 14 utterly utterly RB 44541 1005 15 inapplicable inapplicable JJ 44541 1005 16 to to TO 44541 1005 17 animal animal VB 44541 1005 18 evolution evolution NN 44541 1005 19 . . . 44541 1006 1 On on IN 44541 1006 2 purpose purpose NN 44541 1006 3 we -PRON- PRP 44541 1006 4 take take VBP 44541 1006 5 one one CD 44541 1006 6 of of IN 44541 1006 7 the the DT 44541 1006 8 lowest low JJS 44541 1006 9 estimates estimate NNS 44541 1006 10 , , , 44541 1006 11 about about RB 44541 1006 12 28,000,000 28,000,000 CD 44541 1006 13 years year NNS 44541 1006 14 , , , 44541 1006 15 and and CC 44541 1006 16 apportion apportion VB 44541 1006 17 them -PRON- PRP 44541 1006 18 equally equally RB 44541 1006 19 to to IN 44541 1006 20 the the DT 44541 1006 21 various various JJ 44541 1006 22 strata strata NN 44541 1006 23 or or CC 44541 1006 24 epochs epoch NNS 44541 1006 25 . . . 44541 1007 1 The the DT 44541 1007 2 original original JJ 44541 1007 3 owner owner NN 44541 1007 4 of of IN 44541 1007 5 the the DT 44541 1007 6 famous famous JJ 44541 1007 7 Trinil Trinil NNP 44541 1007 8 skull skull NN 44541 1007 9 , , , 44541 1007 10 a a DT 44541 1007 11 _ _ NNP 44541 1007 12 Pithecanthropus Pithecanthropus NNP 44541 1007 13 erectus erectus NN 44541 1007 14 _ _ NNP 44541 1007 15 , , , 44541 1007 16 lived live VBD 44541 1007 17 , , , 44541 1007 18 according accord VBG 44541 1007 19 to to IN 44541 1007 20 some some DT 44541 1007 21 , , , 44541 1007 22 in in IN 44541 1007 23 the the DT 44541 1007 24 Late Late NNP 44541 1007 25 Pliocene Pliocene NNP 44541 1007 26 , , , 44541 1007 27 according accord VBG 44541 1007 28 to to IN 44541 1007 29 others other NNS 44541 1007 30 in in IN 44541 1007 31 the the DT 44541 1007 32 Early Early NNP 44541 1007 33 Plistocene Plistocene NNP 44541 1007 34 , , , 44541 1007 35 period period NN 44541 1007 36 -- -- : 44541 1007 37 that that DT 44541 1007 38 is be VBZ 44541 1007 39 to to TO 44541 1007 40 say say VB 44541 1007 41 , , , 44541 1007 42 somewhere somewhere RB 44541 1007 43 about about IN 44541 1007 44 the the DT 44541 1007 45 beginning beginning NN 44541 1007 46 of of IN 44541 1007 47 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 1007 48 last last JJ 44541 1007 49 Glacial Glacial NNP 44541 1007 50 epoch epoch NN 44541 1007 51 , , , 44541 1007 52 some some DT 44541 1007 53 270,000 270,000 CD 44541 1007 54 years year NNS 44541 1007 55 ago ago RB 44541 1007 56 . . . 44541 1008 1 Assuming assume VBG 44541 1008 2 that that IN 44541 1008 3 he -PRON- PRP 44541 1008 4 and and CC 44541 1008 5 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 1008 6 like like UH 44541 1008 7 reached reach VBN 44541 1008 8 puberty puberty NN 44541 1008 9 at at IN 44541 1008 10 sixteen sixteen CD 44541 1008 11 to to TO 44541 1008 12 twenty twenty CD 44541 1008 13 years year NNS 44541 1008 14 of of IN 44541 1008 15 age age NN 44541 1008 16 , , , 44541 1008 17 about about RB 44541 1008 18 17,000 17,000 CD 44541 1008 19 generations generation NNS 44541 1008 20 would would MD 44541 1008 21 lie lie VB 44541 1008 22 between between IN 44541 1008 23 him -PRON- PRP 44541 1008 24 and and CC 44541 1008 25 ourselves -PRON- PRP 44541 1008 26 , , , 44541 1008 27 or or CC 44541 1008 28 , , , 44541 1008 29 to to TO 44541 1008 30 put put VB 44541 1008 31 it -PRON- PRP 44541 1008 32 more more RBR 44541 1008 33 forcibly forcibly RB 44541 1008 34 , , , 44541 1008 35 between between IN 44541 1008 36 him -PRON- PRP 44541 1008 37 and and CC 44541 1008 38 the the DT 44541 1008 39 lowest low JJS 44541 1008 40 living live VBG 44541 1008 41 human human JJ 44541 1008 42 races race NNS 44541 1008 43 -- -- : 44541 1008 44 say say VBP 44541 1008 45 the the DT 44541 1008 46 Ceylonese Ceylonese NNP 44541 1008 47 Veddahs Veddahs NNP 44541 1008 48 . . . 44541 1009 1 Only only RB 44541 1009 2 250 250 CD 44541 1009 3 generations generation NNS 44541 1009 4 , , , 44541 1009 5 at at IN 44541 1009 6 twenty twenty CD 44541 1009 7 years year NNS 44541 1009 8 , , , 44541 1009 9 carry carry VB 44541 1009 10 us -PRON- PRP 44541 1009 11 back back RB 44541 1009 12 to to IN 44541 1009 13 3000 3000 CD 44541 1009 14 B.C. B.C. NNP 44541 1010 1 ( ( -LRB- 44541 1010 2 _ _ NNP 44541 1010 3 i.e. i.e. FW 44541 1010 4 _ _ NNP 44541 1010 5 , , , 44541 1010 6 beyond beyond IN 44541 1010 7 the the DT 44541 1010 8 ken ken NN 44541 1010 9 of of IN 44541 1010 10 history history NN 44541 1010 11 ) ) -RRB- 44541 1010 12 ; ; : 44541 1010 13 and and CC 44541 1010 14 if if IN 44541 1010 15 it -PRON- PRP 44541 1010 16 be be VB 44541 1010 17 objected object VBN 44541 1010 18 that that IN 44541 1010 19 the the DT 44541 1010 20 differences difference NNS 44541 1010 21 between between IN 44541 1010 22 the the DT 44541 1010 23 oldest old JJS 44541 1010 24 inhabitants inhabitant NNS 44541 1010 25 of of IN 44541 1010 26 Egypt Egypt NNP 44541 1010 27 , , , 44541 1010 28 the the DT 44541 1010 29 Naquada Naquada NNP 44541 1010 30 , , , 44541 1010 31 and and CC 44541 1010 32 the the DT 44541 1010 33 present present JJ 44541 1010 34 Fellahin Fellahin NNP 44541 1010 35 are be VBP 44541 1010 36 very very RB 44541 1010 37 slight slight JJ 44541 1010 38 , , , 44541 1010 39 we -PRON- PRP 44541 1010 40 are be VBP 44541 1010 41 welcome welcome JJ 44541 1010 42 to to TO 44541 1010 43 multiply multiply VB 44541 1010 44 these these DT 44541 1010 45 differences difference NNS 44541 1010 46 sixty sixty CD 44541 1010 47 or or CC 44541 1010 48 seventy seventy CD 44541 1010 49 fold fold NN 44541 1010 50 , , , 44541 1010 51 in in IN 44541 1010 52 order order NN 44541 1010 53 to to TO 44541 1010 54 arrive arrive VB 44541 1010 55 at at IN 44541 1010 56 the the DT 44541 1010 57 Pithecanthropus Pithecanthropus NNP 44541 1010 58 level level NN 44541 1010 59 . . . 44541 1011 1 But but CC 44541 1011 2 these these DT 44541 1011 3 Naquada Naquada NNP 44541 1011 4 had have VBD 44541 1011 5 no no DT 44541 1011 6 metal metal NN 44541 1011 7 implements implement NNS 44541 1011 8 , , , 44541 1011 9 and and CC 44541 1011 10 there there EX 44541 1011 11 can can MD 44541 1011 12 not not RB 44541 1011 13 be be VB 44541 1011 14 the the DT 44541 1011 15 slightest slight JJS 44541 1011 16 doubt doubt NN 44541 1011 17 that that IN 44541 1011 18 the the DT 44541 1011 19 development development NN 44541 1011 20 of of IN 44541 1011 21 the the DT 44541 1011 22 human human JJ 44541 1011 23 race race NN 44541 1011 24 went go VBD 44541 1011 25 on on RP 44541 1011 26 by by IN 44541 1011 27 leaps leap NNS 44541 1011 28 and and CC 44541 1011 29 bounds bound NNS 44541 1011 30 after after IN 44541 1011 31 certain certain JJ 44541 1011 32 discoveries discovery NNS 44541 1011 33 had have VBD 44541 1011 34 been be VBN 44541 1011 35 made make VBN 44541 1011 36 -- -- : 44541 1011 37 to to IN 44541 1011 38 wit wit NN 44541 1011 39 , , , 44541 1011 40 the the DT 44541 1011 41 use use NN 44541 1011 42 of of IN 44541 1011 43 implements implement NNS 44541 1011 44 and and CC 44541 1011 45 that that DT 44541 1011 46 of of IN 44541 1011 47 fire fire NN 44541 1011 48 . . . 44541 1012 1 That that DT 44541 1012 2 creature creature NN 44541 1012 3 which which WDT 44541 1012 4 first first RB 44541 1012 5 took take VBD 44541 1012 6 up up RP 44541 1012 7 a a DT 44541 1012 8 stone stone NN 44541 1012 9 or or CC 44541 1012 10 a a DT 44541 1012 11 branch branch NN 44541 1012 12 and and CC 44541 1012 13 wielded wield VBD 44541 1012 14 it -PRON- PRP 44541 1012 15 thereby thereby RB 44541 1012 16 got get VBD 44541 1012 17 such such PDT 44541 1012 18 an an DT 44541 1012 19 enormous enormous JJ 44541 1012 20 advantage advantage NN 44541 1012 21 over over IN 44541 1012 22 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 1012 23 fellow fellow NN 44541 1012 24 - - HYPH 44541 1012 25 creatures creature NNS 44541 1012 26 that that WDT 44541 1012 27 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 1012 28 mental mental JJ 44541 1012 29 and and CC 44541 1012 30 bodily bodily JJ 44541 1012 31 development development NN 44541 1012 32 went go VBD 44541 1012 33 on on IN 44541 1012 34 apace apace NN 44541 1012 35 . . . 44541 1013 1 The the DT 44541 1013 2 same same JJ 44541 1013 3 applies apply VBZ 44541 1013 4 to to IN 44541 1013 5 the the DT 44541 1013 6 improvement improvement NN 44541 1013 7 of of IN 44541 1013 8 speech speech NN 44541 1013 9 . . . 44541 1014 1 We -PRON- PRP 44541 1014 2 assume assume VBP 44541 1014 3 the the DT 44541 1014 4 single single JJ 44541 1014 5 , , , 44541 1014 6 monophyletic monophyletic JJ 44541 1014 7 origin origin NN 44541 1014 8 of of IN 44541 1014 9 mankind mankind NN 44541 1014 10 at at IN 44541 1014 11 one one CD 44541 1014 12 place place NN 44541 1014 13 , , , 44541 1014 14 in in IN 44541 1014 15 one one CD 44541 1014 16 district district NN 44541 1014 17 ; ; : 44541 1014 18 and and CC 44541 1014 19 the the DT 44541 1014 20 differences difference NNS 44541 1014 21 between between IN 44541 1014 22 some some DT 44541 1014 23 of of IN 44541 1014 24 the the DT 44541 1014 25 races race NNS 44541 1014 26 of of IN 44541 1014 27 man man NN 44541 1014 28 are be VBP 44541 1014 29 great great JJ 44541 1014 30 enough enough RB 44541 1014 31 to to TO 44541 1014 32 constitute constitute VB 44541 1014 33 what what WP 44541 1014 34 we -PRON- PRP 44541 1014 35 might may MD 44541 1014 36 call call VB 44541 1014 37 species specie NNS 44541 1014 38 . . . 44541 1015 1 Compare compare VB 44541 1015 2 the the DT 44541 1015 3 Venus Venus NNP 44541 1015 4 of of IN 44541 1015 5 Milo Milo NNP 44541 1015 6 , , , 44541 1015 7 that that DT 44541 1015 8 noble noble JJ 44541 1015 9 expression expression NN 44541 1015 10 of of IN 44541 1015 11 the the DT 44541 1015 12 ancient ancient JJ 44541 1015 13 Greeks Greeks NNPS 44541 1015 14 ' ' POS 44541 1015 15 notion notion NN 44541 1015 16 of of IN 44541 1015 17 female female JJ 44541 1015 18 beauty beauty NN 44541 1015 19 , , , 44541 1015 20 with with IN 44541 1015 21 the the DT 44541 1015 22 ' ' `` 44541 1015 23 products product NNS 44541 1015 24 of of IN 44541 1015 25 art art NN 44541 1015 26 ' ' '' 44541 1015 27 of of IN 44541 1015 28 the the DT 44541 1015 29 Veddahs Veddahs NNPS 44541 1015 30 or or CC 44541 1015 31 the the DT 44541 1015 32 dwarfs dwarf NNS 44541 1015 33 of of IN 44541 1015 34 Central Central NNP 44541 1015 35 Africa Africa NNP 44541 1015 36 , , , 44541 1015 37 or or CC 44541 1015 38 think think VB 44541 1015 39 of of IN 44541 1015 40 the the DT 44541 1015 41 beau beau NNP 44541 1015 42 - - HYPH 44541 1015 43 idéal idéal NNP 44541 1015 44 which which WDT 44541 1015 45 a a DT 44541 1015 46 Michael Michael NNP 44541 1015 47 Angelo Angelo NNP 44541 1015 48 could could MD 44541 1015 49 possibly possibly RB 44541 1015 50 have have VB 44541 1015 51 evolved evolve VBN 44541 1015 52 if if IN 44541 1015 53 he -PRON- PRP 44541 1015 54 had have VBD 44541 1015 55 never never RB 44541 1015 56 seen see VBN 44541 1015 57 any any DT 44541 1015 58 but but CC 44541 1015 59 such such JJ 44541 1015 60 people people NNS 44541 1015 61 . . . 44541 1016 1 _ _ NNP 44541 1016 2 TIME TIME NNP 44541 1016 3 AND and CC 44541 1016 4 EVOLUTION EVOLUTION NNP 44541 1016 5 _ _ NNP 44541 1016 6 = = SYM 44541 1016 7 = = SYM 44541 1016 8 = = SYM 44541 1016 9 = = SYM 44541 1016 10 = = SYM 44541 1016 11 = = SYM 44541 1016 12 = = SYM 44541 1016 13 = = SYM 44541 1016 14 = = SYM 44541 1016 15 = = SYM 44541 1016 16 = = SYM 44541 1016 17 = = SYM 44541 1016 18 = = SYM 44541 1016 19 = = SYM 44541 1016 20 = = SYM 44541 1016 21 = = SYM 44541 1016 22 = = SYM 44541 1016 23 = = SYM 44541 1016 24 = = SYM 44541 1016 25 = = SYM 44541 1016 26 = = SYM 44541 1016 27 = = SYM 44541 1016 28 = = SYM 44541 1016 29 = = SYM 44541 1016 30 = = SYM 44541 1016 31 = = SYM 44541 1016 32 = = SYM 44541 1016 33 = = SYM 44541 1016 34 = = SYM 44541 1016 35 = = SYM 44541 1016 36 = = SYM 44541 1016 37 = = SYM 44541 1016 38 = = SYM 44541 1016 39 = = SYM 44541 1016 40 = = SYM 44541 1016 41 = = SYM 44541 1016 42 = = SYM 44541 1016 43 = = SYM 44541 1016 44 = = SYM 44541 1016 45 = = SYM 44541 1016 46 = = SYM 44541 1016 47 = = SYM 44541 1016 48 = = SYM 44541 1016 49 = = SYM 44541 1016 50 = = SYM 44541 1016 51 = = SYM 44541 1016 52 = = SYM 44541 1016 53 = = SYM 44541 1016 54 = = SYM 44541 1016 55 = = SYM 44541 1016 56 = = SYM 44541 1016 57 = = SYM 44541 1016 58 = = SYM 44541 1016 59 = = SYM 44541 1016 60 = = SYM 44541 1016 61 = = SYM 44541 1016 62 = = SYM 44541 1016 63 = = SYM 44541 1016 64 = = SYM 44541 1016 65 = = SYM 44541 1016 66 = = SYM 44541 1016 67 = = SYM 44541 1016 68 = = SYM 44541 1016 69 = = SYM 44541 1016 70 = = SYM 44541 1016 71 = = SYM 44541 1016 72 = = SYM 44541 1016 73 = = NFP 44541 1016 74 = = NFP 44541 1016 75 = = SYM 44541 1016 76 I. i. NN 44541 1017 1 |II.| |II.| NNP 44541 1017 2 III iii CD 44541 1017 3 . . . 44541 1018 1 | | NNP 44541 1018 2 IV IV NNP 44541 1018 3 . . . 44541 1019 1 | | NNP 44541 1019 2 V. V. NNP 44541 1019 3 |VI.| |vi.| NN 44541 1019 4 VII VII NNP 44541 1019 5 . . . 44541 1020 1 | | NNP 44541 1020 2 | | NNP 44541 1020 3 | | CD 44541 1020 4 | | CD 44541 1020 5 | | NNS 44541 1020 6 |Generations |generation NNS 44541 1020 7 . . . 44541 1021 1 -----------+---+-----------+----------+--------------+---+------------ -----------+---+-----------+----------+--------------+---+------------ NNS 44541 1021 2 | | NNP 44541 1021 3 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 4 | | NNP 44541 1021 5 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 6 | | NNP 44541 1021 7 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 8 |Adam |Adam NNP 44541 1021 9 and and CC 44541 1021 10 Eve Eve NNP 44541 1021 11 | | NNP 44541 1021 12 | | NNP 44541 1021 13 250 250 CD 44541 1021 14 Recent recent JJ 44541 1021 15 | | CD 44541 1021 16 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 17 5| 5| NNP 44541 1021 18 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 19 | | NNP 44541 1021 20 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 21 |Man |man NN 44541 1021 22 , , , 44541 1021 23 contem- contem- NN 44541 1021 24 | | CD 44541 1021 25 | | CD 44541 1021 26 3,500 3,500 CD 44541 1021 27 Plistocene Plistocene NNP 44541 1021 28 | | NNP 44541 1021 29 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 30 | | NNP 44541 1021 31 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 32 | | NNP 44541 1021 33 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 34 270,000| 270,000| CD 44541 1021 35 porary porary JJ 44541 1021 36 with with IN 44541 1021 37 | | NNP 44541 1021 38 | | NNP 44541 1021 39 | | CD 44541 1021 40 | | NNP 44541 1021 41 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 42 | | NNP 44541 1021 43 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 44 | | NNP 44541 1021 45 Reindeer Reindeer NNP 44541 1021 46 | | NNP 44541 1021 47 | | NNP 44541 1021 48 | | NNP 44541 1021 49 | | NNP 44541 1021 50 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 51 | | NNP 44541 1021 52 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 53 | | NNP 44541 1021 54 in in IN 44541 1021 55 France France NNP 44541 1021 56 | | NNP 44541 1021 57 | | NNP 44541 1021 58 Pliocene Pliocene NNP 44541 1021 59 -| -| . 44541 1021 60 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 61 | | NNP 44541 1021 62 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 63 3,000,000| 3,000,000| NNP 44541 1021 64 |_Pithecanthro-| |_pithecanthro-| CD 44541 1021 65 16| 16| CD 44541 1021 66 17,000 17,000 CD 44541 1021 67 | | CD 44541 1021 68 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 69 | | NNP 44541 1021 70 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 71 | | NNP 44541 1021 72 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 73 600,000| 600,000| CD 44541 1021 74 pus pus NNP 44541 1021 75 erectus_| erectus_| JJ 44541 1021 76 | | NNP 44541 1021 77 Miocene Miocene NNP 44541 1021 78 -|}10| -|}10| NNP 44541 1021 79 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 80 | | NNP 44541 1021 81 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 82 |Anthropoid |Anthropoid NNP 44541 1021 83 | | CD 44541 1021 84 10| 10| CD 44541 1021 85 60,000 60,000 CD 44541 1021 86 | | NNS 44541 1021 87 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 88 | | NN 44541 1021 89 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 90 |}2,100,000| |}2,100,000| VBN 44541 1021 91 Apes Apes NNP 44541 1021 92 | | NNP 44541 1021 93 | | NNP 44541 1021 94 Eocene Eocene NNP 44541 1021 95 -| -| . 44541 1021 96 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 97 | | NNP 44541 1021 98 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 99 | | NNP 44541 1021 100 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 101 |Lemures |lemure VBZ 44541 1021 102 | | CD 44541 1021 103 5| 5| CD 44541 1021 104 420,000 420,000 CD 44541 1021 105 | | CD 44541 1021 106 | | CD 44541 1021 107 | | CD 44541 1021 108 | | CD 44541 1021 109 | | CD 44541 1021 110 | | NNP 44541 1021 111 Cretaceous cretaceous JJ 44541 1021 112 | | CD 44541 1021 113 10| 10| CD 44541 1021 114 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 115 | | NNP 44541 1021 116 3,600,000| 3,600,000| CD 44541 1021 117 | | CD 44541 1021 118 | | NNP 44541 1021 119 Jurassic Jurassic NNP 44541 1021 120 - - HYPH 44541 1021 121 | | NNP 44541 1021 122 5| 5| CD 44541 1021 123 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 124 | | NNP 44541 1021 125 1,800,000| 1,800,000| NNP 44541 1021 126 | | HYPH 44541 1021 127 | | NNP 44541 1021 128 Rhætic Rhætic NNP 44541 1021 129 -| -| . 44541 1021 130 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 131 | | NNP 44541 1021 132 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 133 | | NNP 44541 1021 134 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 135 |Prototheria |Prototheria NNS 44541 1021 136 , , , 44541 1021 137 | | CD 44541 1021 138 3| 3| CD 44541 1021 139 1,800,000 1,800,000 CD 44541 1021 140 | | NNS 44541 1021 141 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 142 | | NNP 44541 1021 143 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 144 | | NNP 44541 1021 145 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 146 | | NNP 44541 1021 147 or or CC 44541 1021 148 first first JJ 44541 1021 149 | | CD 44541 1021 150 | | NNP 44541 1021 151 | | NNP 44541 1021 152 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 153 | | NNP 44541 1021 154 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 155 7,200,000| 7,200,000| NNP 44541 1021 156 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 157 | | NNP 44541 1021 158 Mammalia Mammalia NNP 44541 1021 159 | | NNP 44541 1021 160 | | NNP 44541 1021 161 Keuper Keuper NNP 44541 1021 162 -| -| . 44541 1021 163 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 164 | | NNP 44541 1021 165 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 166 |}1,800,000| |}1,800,000| CD 44541 1021 167 | | NNP 44541 1021 168 | | NNP 44541 1021 169 Muschel- Muschel- NNP 44541 1021 170 | | NNP 44541 1021 171 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 172 5| 5| NNP 44541 1021 173 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 174 | | NNP 44541 1021 175 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 176 | | NNP 44541 1021 177 | | CD 44541 1021 178 | | CD 44541 1021 179 kalk kalk NN 44541 1021 180 | | NNS 44541 1021 181 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 182 | | NNP 44541 1021 183 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 184 | | NNP 44541 1021 185 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 186 | | NNP 44541 1021 187 | | CD 44541 1021 188 | | CD 44541 1021 189 New New NNP 44541 1021 190 Red Red NNP 44541 1021 191 | | NNP 44541 1021 192 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 193 | | NNP 44541 1021 194 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 195 | | NNP 44541 1021 196 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 197 |Theromorpha |theromorpha CD 44541 1021 198 | | NNP 44541 1021 199 4| 4| CD 44541 1021 200 425,000 425,000 CD 44541 1021 201 Sandstone| Sandstone| NNP 44541 1021 202 | | NNP 44541 1021 203 | | NNP 44541 1021 204 | | CD 44541 1021 205 | | CD 44541 1021 206 | | NNP 44541 1021 207 Magnesian Magnesian NNP 44541 1021 208 | | NNP 44541 1021 209 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 210 | | NNP 44541 1021 211 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 212 | | NNP 44541 1021 213 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 214 | | NNP 44541 1021 215 | | CD 44541 1021 216 | | CD 44541 1021 217 Limestone| limestone| NN 44541 1021 218 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 219 | | NNP 44541 1021 220 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 221 | | NNP 44541 1021 222 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 223 | | NNP 44541 1021 224 | | CD 44541 1021 225 | | CD 44541 1021 226 Lower low JJR 44541 1021 227 Red Red NNP 44541 1021 228 | | NNP 44541 1021 229 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 230 | | NNP 44541 1021 231 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 232 | | NNP 44541 1021 233 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 234 |Proreptilia |Proreptilia NNS 44541 1021 235 | | NNP 44541 1021 236 4| 4| CD 44541 1021 237 250,000 250,000 CD 44541 1021 238 Sandstone| sandstone| NN 44541 1021 239 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 240 | | NNP 44541 1021 241 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 242 |}4,000,000| |}4,000,000| CD 44541 1021 243 | | NNP 44541 1021 244 | | NNP 44541 1021 245 Coal- Coal- NNP 44541 1021 246 |}15| |}15| . 44541 1021 247 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 248 | | NNP 44541 1021 249 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 250 |Eotetrapoda |Eotetrapoda NNP 44541 1021 251 | | CD 44541 1021 252 4| 4| CD 44541 1021 253 500,000 500,000 CD 44541 1021 254 measures measure NNS 44541 1021 255 | | CD 44541 1021 256 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 257 | | NNP 44541 1021 258 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 259 | | NNP 44541 1021 260 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 261 | | NNP 44541 1021 262 | | NNP 44541 1021 263 | | NNP 44541 1021 264 Mountain Mountain NNP 44541 1021 265 | | NNP 44541 1021 266 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 267 |}17,500,000| |}17,500,000| NNP 44541 1021 268 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 269 | | NNP 44541 1021 270 | | NNP 44541 1021 271 | | NNP 44541 1021 272 Limestone Limestone NNP 44541 1021 273 | | HYPH 44541 1021 274 | | NNP 44541 1021 275 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 276 | | NNP 44541 1021 277 | | CD 44541 1021 278 | | CD 44541 1021 279 | | CD 44541 1021 280 Devonian Devonian NNP 44541 1021 281 -| -| . 44541 1021 282 15| 15| CD 44541 1021 283 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 284 | | CD 44541 1021 285 4,000,000|Dipnoi 4,000,000|dipnoi CD 44541 1021 286 and and CC 44541 1021 287 | | CD 44541 1021 288 5| 5| CD 44541 1021 289 1,000,000 1,000,000 CD 44541 1021 290 | | CD 44541 1021 291 | | NNS 44541 1021 292 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 293 | | CD 44541 1021 294 |Crossopterygii| |crossopterygii| JJ 44541 1021 295 | | CD 44541 1021 296 Silurian silurian JJ 44541 1021 297 -| -| : 44541 1021 298 10| 10| CD 44541 1021 299 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 300 | | CD 44541 1021 301 2,700,000|First 2,700,000|first CD 44541 1021 302 fishlike| fishlike| CD 44541 1021 303 3| 3| CD 44541 1021 304 900,000 900,000 CD 44541 1021 305 | | CD 44541 1021 306 | | CD 44541 1021 307 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 308 | | CD 44541 1021 309 | | NNP 44541 1021 310 creatures creature VBZ 44541 1021 311 | | NNP 44541 1021 312 | | CD 44541 1021 313 Ordovician ordovician JJ 44541 1021 314 | | CD 44541 1021 315 10| 10| CD 44541 1021 316 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 317 | | NNP 44541 1021 318 2,700,000| 2,700,000| CD 44541 1021 319 | | CD 44541 1021 320 | | NNP 44541 1021 321 Cambrian Cambrian NNP 44541 1021 322 -| -| : 44541 1021 323 15| 15| CD 44541 1021 324 } } -RRB- 44541 1021 325 | | NNP 44541 1021 326 4,000,000| 4,000,000| NNP 44541 1021 327 Sum Sum NNP 44541 1021 328 total total NN 44541 1021 329 of| of| NNP 44541 1021 330 | | NNP 44541 1021 331 Laurentian Laurentian NNP 44541 1021 332 | | NNP 44541 1021 333 | | NNP 44541 1021 334 | | CD 44541 1021 335 | | NNS 44541 1021 336 generations| generations| NNP 44541 1021 337 | | CD 44541 1021 338 --------- --------- NNP 44541 1021 339 Archæan Archæan NNP 44541 1021 340 | | NNP 44541 1021 341 | | NNP 44541 1021 342 | | CD 44541 1021 343 | | NNS 44541 1021 344 ( ( -LRB- 44541 1021 345 about about RB 44541 1021 346 ) ) -RRB- 44541 1021 347 | | CD 44541 1021 348 | | CD 44541 1021 349 5,375,000 5,375,000 CD 44541 1021 350 or or CC 44541 1021 351 Meta- Meta- NNP 44541 1021 352 | | NNP 44541 1021 353 | | NNP 44541 1021 354 | | CD 44541 1021 355 | | CD 44541 1021 356 | | CD 44541 1021 357 | | CD 44541 1021 358 morphic morphic JJ 44541 1021 359 | | CD 44541 1021 360 | | NNP 44541 1021 361 | | CD 44541 1021 362 | | CD 44541 1021 363 | | CD 44541 1021 364 | | NNS 44541 1021 365 = = SYM 44541 1021 366 = = SYM 44541 1021 367 = = SYM 44541 1021 368 = = SYM 44541 1021 369 = = SYM 44541 1021 370 = = SYM 44541 1021 371 = = SYM 44541 1021 372 = = SYM 44541 1021 373 = = SYM 44541 1021 374 = = SYM 44541 1021 375 = = SYM 44541 1021 376 = = SYM 44541 1021 377 = = SYM 44541 1021 378 = = SYM 44541 1021 379 = = SYM 44541 1021 380 = = SYM 44541 1021 381 = = SYM 44541 1021 382 = = SYM 44541 1021 383 = = SYM 44541 1021 384 = = SYM 44541 1021 385 = = SYM 44541 1021 386 = = SYM 44541 1021 387 = = SYM 44541 1021 388 = = SYM 44541 1021 389 = = SYM 44541 1021 390 = = SYM 44541 1021 391 = = SYM 44541 1021 392 = = SYM 44541 1021 393 = = SYM 44541 1021 394 = = SYM 44541 1021 395 = = SYM 44541 1021 396 = = SYM 44541 1021 397 = = SYM 44541 1021 398 = = SYM 44541 1021 399 = = SYM 44541 1021 400 = = SYM 44541 1021 401 = = SYM 44541 1021 402 = = SYM 44541 1021 403 = = SYM 44541 1021 404 = = SYM 44541 1021 405 = = SYM 44541 1021 406 = = SYM 44541 1021 407 = = SYM 44541 1021 408 = = SYM 44541 1021 409 = = SYM 44541 1021 410 = = SYM 44541 1021 411 = = SYM 44541 1021 412 = = SYM 44541 1021 413 = = SYM 44541 1021 414 = = SYM 44541 1021 415 = = SYM 44541 1021 416 = = SYM 44541 1021 417 = = SYM 44541 1021 418 = = SYM 44541 1021 419 = = SYM 44541 1021 420 = = SYM 44541 1021 421 = = SYM 44541 1021 422 = = SYM 44541 1021 423 = = SYM 44541 1021 424 = = SYM 44541 1021 425 = = SYM 44541 1021 426 = = SYM 44541 1021 427 = = SYM 44541 1021 428 = = SYM 44541 1021 429 = = SYM 44541 1021 430 = = SYM 44541 1021 431 = = SYM 44541 1021 432 = = NFP 44541 1021 433 = = NFP 44541 1021 434 = = SYM 44541 1021 435 EXPLANATION explanation NN 44541 1021 436 OF of IN 44541 1021 437 THE the DT 44541 1021 438 TABLE TABLE NNP 44541 1021 439 ON on IN 44541 1021 440 P. P. NNP 44541 1021 441 149 149 CD 44541 1021 442 . . . 44541 1022 1 Column Column NNP 44541 1022 2 I. I. NNP 44541 1022 3 contains contain VBZ 44541 1022 4 the the DT 44541 1022 5 names name NNS 44541 1022 6 of of IN 44541 1022 7 the the DT 44541 1022 8 successive successive JJ 44541 1022 9 sedimentary sedimentary JJ 44541 1022 10 strata strata NN 44541 1022 11 . . . 44541 1022 12 " " '' 44541 1023 1 II ii CD 44541 1023 2 . . . 44541 1024 1 contains contain VBZ 44541 1024 2 the the DT 44541 1024 3 percentage percentage NN 44541 1024 4 of of IN 44541 1024 5 the the DT 44541 1024 6 duration duration NN 44541 1024 7 of of IN 44541 1024 8 the the DT 44541 1024 9 various various JJ 44541 1024 10 epochs epoch NNS 44541 1024 11 , , , 44541 1024 12 according accord VBG 44541 1024 13 to to IN 44541 1024 14 _ _ NNP 44541 1024 15 Williams Williams NNP 44541 1024 16 _ _ NNP 44541 1024 17 , , , 44541 1024 18 the the DT 44541 1024 19 time time NN 44541 1024 20 from from IN 44541 1024 21 the the DT 44541 1024 22 Cambrian Cambrian NNP 44541 1024 23 until until IN 44541 1024 24 recent recent JJ 44541 1024 25 times time NNS 44541 1024 26 being be VBG 44541 1024 27 taken take VBN 44541 1024 28 as as IN 44541 1024 29 100 100 CD 44541 1024 30 . . . 44541 1024 31 " " '' 44541 1025 1 III iii CD 44541 1025 2 . . . 44541 1026 1 gives give VBZ 44541 1026 2 the the DT 44541 1026 3 estimated estimate VBN 44541 1026 4 duration duration NN 44541 1026 5 in in IN 44541 1026 6 years year NNS 44541 1026 7 of of IN 44541 1026 8 the the DT 44541 1026 9 Palæozoic Palæozoic NNP 44541 1026 10 , , , 44541 1026 11 Mesozoic Mesozoic NNP 44541 1026 12 , , , 44541 1026 13 and and CC 44541 1026 14 Cænozoic Cænozoic NNP 44541 1026 15 periods period NNS 44541 1026 16 , , , 44541 1026 17 according accord VBG 44541 1026 18 to to IN 44541 1026 19 _ _ NNP 44541 1026 20 Walcott Walcott NNP 44541 1026 21 _ _ NNP 44541 1026 22 . . . 44541 1026 23 " " '' 44541 1027 1 IV IV NNP 44541 1027 2 . . . 44541 1028 1 gives give VBZ 44541 1028 2 in in IN 44541 1028 3 years year NNS 44541 1028 4 the the DT 44541 1028 5 duration duration NN 44541 1028 6 of of IN 44541 1028 7 the the DT 44541 1028 8 various various JJ 44541 1028 9 smaller small JJR 44541 1028 10 epochs epoch NNS 44541 1028 11 , , , 44541 1028 12 as as IN 44541 1028 13 computed compute VBN 44541 1028 14 from from IN 44541 1028 15 Walcott Walcott NNP 44541 1028 16 and and CC 44541 1028 17 Williams Williams NNP 44541 1028 18 ' ' POS 44541 1028 19 statements statement NNS 44541 1028 20 . . . 44541 1028 21 " " '' 44541 1029 1 V. V. NNP 44541 1029 2 Representatives Representatives NNP 44541 1029 3 of of IN 44541 1029 4 stages stage NNS 44541 1029 5 of of IN 44541 1029 6 the the DT 44541 1029 7 ancestral ancestral JJ 44541 1029 8 line line NN 44541 1029 9 of of IN 44541 1029 10 man man NN 44541 1029 11 . . . 44541 1030 1 The the DT 44541 1030 2 names name NNS 44541 1030 3 stand stand VBP 44541 1030 4 in in IN 44541 1030 5 the the DT 44541 1030 6 level level NN 44541 1030 7 of of IN 44541 1030 8 the the DT 44541 1030 9 stratum stratum NN 44541 1030 10 in in IN 44541 1030 11 which which WDT 44541 1030 12 they -PRON- PRP 44541 1030 13 have have VBP 44541 1030 14 made make VBN 44541 1030 15 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 1030 16 first first JJ 44541 1030 17 appearance appearance NN 44541 1030 18 . . . 44541 1030 19 " " '' 44541 1031 1 VI VI NNP 44541 1031 2 . . . 44541 1032 1 contains contain VBZ 44541 1032 2 the the DT 44541 1032 3 number number NN 44541 1032 4 of of IN 44541 1032 5 years year NNS 44541 1032 6 which which WDT 44541 1032 7 , , , 44541 1032 8 in in IN 44541 1032 9 the the DT 44541 1032 10 present present JJ 44541 1032 11 calculation calculation NN 44541 1032 12 , , , 44541 1032 13 have have VBP 44541 1032 14 been be VBN 44541 1032 15 assumed assume VBN 44541 1032 16 necessary necessary JJ 44541 1032 17 for for IN 44541 1032 18 the the DT 44541 1032 19 animal animal NN 44541 1032 20 to to TO 44541 1032 21 reach reach VB 44541 1032 22 puberty puberty NN 44541 1032 23 . . . 44541 1032 24 " " '' 44541 1033 1 VII VII NNP 44541 1033 2 . . . 44541 1034 1 contains contain VBZ 44541 1034 2 the the DT 44541 1034 3 number number NN 44541 1034 4 of of IN 44541 1034 5 generations generation NNS 44541 1034 6 which which WDT 44541 1034 7 can can MD 44541 1034 8 have have VB 44541 1034 9 elapsed elapse VBN 44541 1034 10 from from IN 44541 1034 11 stage stage NN 44541 1034 12 to to IN 44541 1034 13 stage stage NN 44541 1034 14 . . . 44541 1035 1 For for IN 44541 1035 2 example example NN 44541 1035 3 , , , 44541 1035 4 60,000 60,000 CD 44541 1035 5 generations generation NNS 44541 1035 6 separate separate VBP 44541 1035 7 the the DT 44541 1035 8 earliest early JJS 44541 1035 9 known known JJ 44541 1035 10 anthropoid anthropoid NN 44541 1035 11 apes ape NNS 44541 1035 12 from from IN 44541 1035 13 Pithecanthropus Pithecanthropus NNP 44541 1035 14 . . . 44541 1036 1 Let let VB 44541 1036 2 us -PRON- PRP 44541 1036 3 follow follow VB 44541 1036 4 the the DT 44541 1036 5 descent descent NN 44541 1036 6 of of IN 44541 1036 7 man man NN 44541 1036 8 further far RBR 44541 1036 9 back back RB 44541 1036 10 . . . 44541 1037 1 The the DT 44541 1037 2 next next JJ 44541 1037 3 stage stage NN 44541 1037 4 , , , 44541 1037 5 reckoning reckon VBG 44541 1037 6 backwards backwards RB 44541 1037 7 , , , 44541 1037 8 is be VBZ 44541 1037 9 that that IN 44541 1037 10 from from IN 44541 1037 11 Pithecanthropus Pithecanthropus NNP 44541 1037 12 to to IN 44541 1037 13 _ _ NNP 44541 1037 14 bonâ bonâ NN 44541 1037 15 - - HYPH 44541 1037 16 fide fide JJ 44541 1037 17 _ _ NNP 44541 1037 18 anthropoid anthropoid NN 44541 1037 19 apes ape NNS 44541 1037 20 . . . 44541 1038 1 They -PRON- PRP 44541 1038 2 are be VBP 44541 1038 3 represented represent VBN 44541 1038 4 in in IN 44541 1038 5 the the DT 44541 1038 6 Miocene Miocene NNP 44541 1038 7 by by IN 44541 1038 8 various various JJ 44541 1038 9 genera--_e.g genera--_e.g NN 44541 1038 10 . . . 44541 1038 11 _ _ NNP 44541 1038 12 , , , 44541 1038 13 Pliopithecus Pliopithecus NNP 44541 1038 14 and and CC 44541 1038 15 Dryopithecus Dryopithecus NNP 44541 1038 16 . . . 44541 1039 1 According accord VBG 44541 1039 2 to to IN 44541 1039 3 Croll Croll NNP 44541 1039 4 and and CC 44541 1039 5 Wallace Wallace NNP 44541 1039 6 , , , 44541 1039 7 850,000 850,000 CD 44541 1039 8 years year NNS 44541 1039 9 ago ago RB 44541 1039 10 carry carry VBP 44541 1039 11 us -PRON- PRP 44541 1039 12 into into IN 44541 1039 13 the the DT 44541 1039 14 Miocene Miocene NNP 44541 1039 15 epoch epoch NN 44541 1039 16 . . . 44541 1040 1 Assuming assume VBG 44541 1040 2 that that IN 44541 1040 3 these these DT 44541 1040 4 apes ape NNS 44541 1040 5 lived live VBD 44541 1040 6 about about IN 44541 1040 7 600,000 600,000 CD 44541 1040 8 years year NNS 44541 1040 9 before before IN 44541 1040 10 Pithecanthropus Pithecanthropus NNP 44541 1040 11 , , , 44541 1040 12 namely namely RB 44541 1040 13 , , , 44541 1040 14 in in IN 44541 1040 15 the the DT 44541 1040 16 later later JJ 44541 1040 17 half half NN 44541 1040 18 of of IN 44541 1040 19 the the DT 44541 1040 20 Miocene Miocene NNP 44541 1040 21 , , , 44541 1040 22 and and CC 44541 1040 23 taking take VBG 44541 1040 24 puberty puberty NN 44541 1040 25 at at IN 44541 1040 26 ten ten CD 44541 1040 27 years year NNS 44541 1040 28 of of IN 44541 1040 29 age age NN 44541 1040 30 , , , 44541 1040 31 a a DT 44541 1040 32 high high JJ 44541 1040 33 estimate estimate NN 44541 1040 34 , , , 44541 1040 35 we -PRON- PRP 44541 1040 36 get get VBP 44541 1040 37 not not RB 44541 1040 38 less less JJR 44541 1040 39 than than IN 44541 1040 40 60,000 60,000 CD 44541 1040 41 generations generation NNS 44541 1040 42 . . . 44541 1041 1 2 2 LS 44541 1041 2 . . . 44541 1042 1 From from IN 44541 1042 2 Apes Apes NNP 44541 1042 3 back back RB 44541 1042 4 to to IN 44541 1042 5 lowest low JJS 44541 1042 6 Lemurs Lemurs NNP 44541 1042 7 in in IN 44541 1042 8 the the DT 44541 1042 9 lowest low JJS 44541 1042 10 Eocene eocene NN 44541 1042 11 . . . 44541 1043 1 The the DT 44541 1043 2 date date NN 44541 1043 3 of of IN 44541 1043 4 Eocene Eocene NNP 44541 1043 5 being be VBG 44541 1043 6 fixed fix VBN 44541 1043 7 at at IN 44541 1043 8 3,000,000 3,000,000 CD 44541 1043 9 , , , 44541 1043 10 we -PRON- PRP 44541 1043 11 have have VBP 44541 1043 12 about about RB 44541 1043 13 2,100,000 2,100,000 CD 44541 1043 14 years year NNS 44541 1043 15 for for IN 44541 1043 16 this this DT 44541 1043 17 stage stage NN 44541 1043 18 ; ; , 44541 1043 19 assuming assume VBG 44541 1043 20 as as RB 44541 1043 21 much much JJ 44541 1043 22 as as IN 44541 1043 23 five five CD 44541 1043 24 years year NNS 44541 1043 25 for for IN 44541 1043 26 puberty puberty NN 44541 1043 27 , , , 44541 1043 28 this this DT 44541 1043 29 results result VBZ 44541 1043 30 in in IN 44541 1043 31 420,000 420,000 CD 44541 1043 32 generations generation NNS 44541 1043 33 . . . 44541 1044 1 3 3 LS 44541 1044 2 . . . 44541 1045 1 From from IN 44541 1045 2 Lemures Lemures NNPS 44541 1045 3 to to IN 44541 1045 4 Prototheria Prototheria NNP 44541 1045 5 . . . 44541 1046 1 The the DT 44541 1046 2 earliest early JJS 44541 1046 3 known know VBN 44541 1046 4 mammalian mammalian JJ 44541 1046 5 remains remain NNS 44541 1046 6 come come VBN 44541 1046 7 from from IN 44541 1046 8 the the DT 44541 1046 9 Rhætic Rhætic NNP 44541 1046 10 , , , 44541 1046 11 or or CC 44541 1046 12 top top JJ 44541 1046 13 formation formation NN 44541 1046 14 of of IN 44541 1046 15 the the DT 44541 1046 16 Triassic Triassic NNP 44541 1046 17 epoch epoch NN 44541 1046 18 ; ; : 44541 1046 19 allowing allow VBG 44541 1046 20 for for IN 44541 1046 21 the the DT 44541 1046 22 Rhætic Rhætic NNP 44541 1046 23 only only RB 44541 1046 24 100,000 100,000 CD 44541 1046 25 years year NNS 44541 1046 26 , , , 44541 1046 27 we -PRON- PRP 44541 1046 28 have have VBP 44541 1046 29 to to TO 44541 1046 30 add add VB 44541 1046 31 the the DT 44541 1046 32 whole whole NN 44541 1046 33 of of IN 44541 1046 34 the the DT 44541 1046 35 Jurassic Jurassic NNP 44541 1046 36 and and CC 44541 1046 37 Cretaceous Cretaceous NNP 44541 1046 38 , , , 44541 1046 39 in in IN 44541 1046 40 all all RB 44541 1046 41 about about IN 44541 1046 42 5,500,000 5,500,000 CD 44541 1046 43 years year NNS 44541 1046 44 . . . 44541 1047 1 Assuming assume VBG 44541 1047 2 three three CD 44541 1047 3 years year NNS 44541 1047 4 for for IN 44541 1047 5 a a DT 44541 1047 6 generation generation NN 44541 1047 7 , , , 44541 1047 8 we -PRON- PRP 44541 1047 9 get get VBP 44541 1047 10 1,800,000 1,800,000 CD 44541 1047 11 generations generation NNS 44541 1047 12 . . . 44541 1048 1 4 4 LS 44541 1048 2 . . . 44541 1049 1 From from IN 44541 1049 2 Prototheria Prototheria NNP 44541 1049 3 to to IN 44541 1049 4 something something NN 44541 1049 5 like like IN 44541 1049 6 the the DT 44541 1049 7 Theromorpha Theromorpha NNP 44541 1049 8 at at IN 44541 1049 9 the the DT 44541 1049 10 bottom bottom NN 44541 1049 11 of of IN 44541 1049 12 the the DT 44541 1049 13 Triassic Triassic NNP 44541 1049 14 strata strata NN 44541 1049 15 . . . 44541 1050 1 A a DT 44541 1050 2 duration duration NN 44541 1050 3 of of IN 44541 1050 4 1,700,000 1,700,000 CD 44541 1050 5 years year NNS 44541 1050 6 divided divide VBN 44541 1050 7 by by IN 44541 1050 8 four four CD 44541 1050 9 gives give VBZ 44541 1050 10 425,000 425,000 CD 44541 1050 11 generations generation NNS 44541 1050 12 . . . 44541 1051 1 5 5 CD 44541 1051 2 . . . 44541 1052 1 From from IN 44541 1052 2 Theromorpha Theromorpha NNP 44541 1052 3 to to IN 44541 1052 4 Proreptilia Proreptilia NNP 44541 1052 5 , , , 44541 1052 6 represented represent VBN 44541 1052 7 by by IN 44541 1052 8 Eryops eryop NNS 44541 1052 9 and and CC 44541 1052 10 Cricotus Cricotus NNP 44541 1052 11 from from IN 44541 1052 12 the the DT 44541 1052 13 Lower low JJR 44541 1052 14 Permian Permian NNP 44541 1052 15 of of IN 44541 1052 16 Texas Texas NNP 44541 1052 17 . . . 44541 1053 1 Allowing allow VBG 44541 1053 2 1,000,000 1,000,000 CD 44541 1053 3 years year NNS 44541 1053 4 , , , 44541 1053 5 each each DT 44541 1053 6 generation generation NN 44541 1053 7 at at IN 44541 1053 8 four four CD 44541 1053 9 years year NNS 44541 1053 10 , , , 44541 1053 11 we -PRON- PRP 44541 1053 12 obtain obtain VBP 44541 1053 13 250,000 250,000 CD 44541 1053 14 generations generation NNS 44541 1053 15 . . . 44541 1054 1 6 6 CD 44541 1054 2 . . . 44541 1055 1 From from IN 44541 1055 2 Proreptilia Proreptilia NNP 44541 1055 3 to to IN 44541 1055 4 Eotetrapoda Eotetrapoda NNP 44541 1055 5 , , , 44541 1055 6 the the DT 44541 1055 7 first first JJ 44541 1055 8 terrestrial terrestrial JJ 44541 1055 9 Vertebrata Vertebrata NNP 44541 1055 10 , , , 44541 1055 11 represented represent VBN 44541 1055 12 by by IN 44541 1055 13 something something NN 44541 1055 14 like like IN 44541 1055 15 the the DT 44541 1055 16 Stegocephali Stegocephali NNP 44541 1055 17 , , , 44541 1055 18 the the DT 44541 1055 19 earliest early JJS 44541 1055 20 of of IN 44541 1055 21 which which WDT 44541 1055 22 are be VBP 44541 1055 23 known know VBN 44541 1055 24 from from IN 44541 1055 25 the the DT 44541 1055 26 Coal Coal NNP 44541 1055 27 - - HYPH 44541 1055 28 measures measure NNS 44541 1055 29 . . . 44541 1056 1 Assuming assume VBG 44541 1056 2 them -PRON- PRP 44541 1056 3 to to TO 44541 1056 4 have have VB 44541 1056 5 come come VBN 44541 1056 6 into into IN 44541 1056 7 existence existence NN 44541 1056 8 at at IN 44541 1056 9 the the DT 44541 1056 10 bottom bottom NN 44541 1056 11 of of IN 44541 1056 12 the the DT 44541 1056 13 Coal Coal NNP 44541 1056 14 - - HYPH 44541 1056 15 measures measure NNS 44541 1056 16 , , , 44541 1056 17 for for IN 44541 1056 18 the the DT 44541 1056 19 duration duration NN 44541 1056 20 of of IN 44541 1056 21 which which WDT 44541 1056 22 we -PRON- PRP 44541 1056 23 may may MD 44541 1056 24 guess guess VB 44541 1056 25 2,000,000 2,000,000 CD 44541 1056 26 years year NNS 44541 1056 27 , , , 44541 1056 28 we -PRON- PRP 44541 1056 29 get get VBP 44541 1056 30 , , , 44541 1056 31 with with IN 44541 1056 32 four four CD 44541 1056 33 years year NNS 44541 1056 34 ' ' POS 44541 1056 35 allowance allowance NN 44541 1056 36 for for IN 44541 1056 37 puberty puberty NN 44541 1056 38 , , , 44541 1056 39 500,000 500,000 CD 44541 1056 40 generations generation NNS 44541 1056 41 . . . 44541 1057 1 7 7 LS 44541 1057 2 . . . 44541 1058 1 From from IN 44541 1058 2 Eotetrapoda Eotetrapoda NNP 44541 1058 3 to to IN 44541 1058 4 a a DT 44541 1058 5 not not RB 44541 1058 6 yet yet RB 44541 1058 7 separated separate VBN 44541 1058 8 or or CC 44541 1058 9 differentiated differentiated JJ 44541 1058 10 group group NN 44541 1058 11 of of IN 44541 1058 12 Crossopterygian Crossopterygian NNP 44541 1058 13 and and CC 44541 1058 14 Dipnoan Dipnoan NNP 44541 1058 15 fishes fish VBZ 44541 1058 16 , , , 44541 1058 17 both both DT 44541 1058 18 of of IN 44541 1058 19 which which WDT 44541 1058 20 are be VBP 44541 1058 21 known know VBN 44541 1058 22 from from IN 44541 1058 23 Devonian devonian JJ 44541 1058 24 strata strata NN 44541 1058 25 . . . 44541 1059 1 The the DT 44541 1059 2 duration duration NN 44541 1059 3 of of IN 44541 1059 4 the the DT 44541 1059 5 latter latter NN 44541 1059 6 has have VBZ 44541 1059 7 been be VBN 44541 1059 8 computed compute VBN 44541 1059 9 at at IN 44541 1059 10 4,000,000 4,000,000 CD 44541 1059 11 years year NNS 44541 1059 12 , , , 44541 1059 13 which which WDT 44541 1059 14 , , , 44541 1059 15 with with IN 44541 1059 16 1,000,000 1,000,000 CD 44541 1059 17 for for IN 44541 1059 18 the the DT 44541 1059 19 Mountain Mountain NNP 44541 1059 20 Limestone Limestone NNP 44541 1059 21 formation formation NN 44541 1059 22 , , , 44541 1059 23 gives give VBZ 44541 1059 24 us -PRON- PRP 44541 1059 25 5,000,000 5,000,000 CD 44541 1059 26 for for IN 44541 1059 27 this this DT 44541 1059 28 stage stage NN 44541 1059 29 . . . 44541 1060 1 Assuming assume VBG 44541 1060 2 , , , 44541 1060 3 for for IN 44541 1060 4 the the DT 44541 1060 5 sake sake NN 44541 1060 6 of of IN 44541 1060 7 round round JJ 44541 1060 8 numbers number NNS 44541 1060 9 , , , 44541 1060 10 as as RB 44541 1060 11 much much JJ 44541 1060 12 as as IN 44541 1060 13 five five CD 44541 1060 14 years year NNS 44541 1060 15 for for IN 44541 1060 16 a a DT 44541 1060 17 generation generation NN 44541 1060 18 , , , 44541 1060 19 we -PRON- PRP 44541 1060 20 get get VBP 44541 1060 21 1,000,000 1,000,000 CD 44541 1060 22 generations generation NNS 44541 1060 23 . . . 44541 1061 1 8 8 LS 44541 1061 2 . . . 44541 1062 1 Earliest early JJS 44541 1062 2 stage stage NN 44541 1062 3 , , , 44541 1062 4 down down RB 44541 1062 5 to to IN 44541 1062 6 the the DT 44541 1062 7 first first JJ 44541 1062 8 fish fish NN 44541 1062 9 - - HYPH 44541 1062 10 like like JJ 44541 1062 11 creatures creature NNS 44541 1062 12 . . . 44541 1063 1 Teeth tooth NNS 44541 1063 2 and and CC 44541 1063 3 spines spine NNS 44541 1063 4 indicating indicate VBG 44541 1063 5 the the DT 44541 1063 6 existence existence NN 44541 1063 7 of of IN 44541 1063 8 fishes fish NNS 44541 1063 9 are be VBP 44541 1063 10 known know VBN 44541 1063 11 from from IN 44541 1063 12 the the DT 44541 1063 13 Upper Upper NNP 44541 1063 14 Silurian Silurian NNP 44541 1063 15 . . . 44541 1064 1 By by IN 44541 1064 2 carrying carry VBG 44541 1064 3 the the DT 44541 1064 4 earliest early JJS 44541 1064 5 fishes fish NNS 44541 1064 6 down down IN 44541 1064 7 to to IN 44541 1064 8 the the DT 44541 1064 9 bottom bottom NN 44541 1064 10 of of IN 44541 1064 11 the the DT 44541 1064 12 Silurian Silurian NNP 44541 1064 13 , , , 44541 1064 14 with with IN 44541 1064 15 2,700,000 2,700,000 CD 44541 1064 16 years year NNS 44541 1064 17 ' ' POS 44541 1064 18 duration duration NN 44541 1064 19 , , , 44541 1064 20 and and CC 44541 1064 21 allowing allow VBG 44541 1064 22 three three CD 44541 1064 23 years year NNS 44541 1064 24 for for IN 44541 1064 25 attaining attain VBG 44541 1064 26 puberty puberty NN 44541 1064 27 , , , 44541 1064 28 the the DT 44541 1064 29 calculation calculation NN 44541 1064 30 results result VBZ 44541 1064 31 in in IN 44541 1064 32 900,000 900,000 CD 44541 1064 33 generations generation NNS 44541 1064 34 . . . 44541 1065 1 Further further RB 44541 1065 2 back back RB 44541 1065 3 we -PRON- PRP 44541 1065 4 can can MD 44541 1065 5 not not RB 44541 1065 6 go go VB 44541 1065 7 . . . 44541 1066 1 We -PRON- PRP 44541 1066 2 do do VBP 44541 1066 3 not not RB 44541 1066 4 know know VB 44541 1066 5 of of IN 44541 1066 6 any any DT 44541 1066 7 Vertebrate vertebrate NN 44541 1066 8 remains remain VBZ 44541 1066 9 from from IN 44541 1066 10 the the DT 44541 1066 11 Ordovician Ordovician NNP 44541 1066 12 and and CC 44541 1066 13 Cambrian Cambrian NNP 44541 1066 14 , , , 44541 1066 15 which which WDT 44541 1066 16 together together RB 44541 1066 17 represent represent VBP 44541 1066 18 6,700,000 6,700,000 CD 44541 1066 19 years year NNS 44541 1066 20 , , , 44541 1066 21 enough enough RB 44541 1066 22 for for IN 44541 1066 23 at at RB 44541 1066 24 least least RBS 44541 1066 25 half half NN 44541 1066 26 as as RB 44541 1066 27 many many JJ 44541 1066 28 generations generation NNS 44541 1066 29 of of IN 44541 1066 30 Prochordate Prochordate NNP 44541 1066 31 creatures creature NNS 44541 1066 32 . . . 44541 1067 1 The the DT 44541 1067 2 pre pre JJ 44541 1067 3 - - JJ 44541 1067 4 Cambrian cambrian JJ 44541 1067 5 or or CC 44541 1067 6 Laurentian laurentian JJ 44541 1067 7 epoch epoch NN 44541 1067 8 lies lie VBZ 44541 1067 9 quite quite RB 44541 1067 10 beyond beyond IN 44541 1067 11 the the DT 44541 1067 12 reach reach NN 44541 1067 13 of of IN 44541 1067 14 calculation calculation NN 44541 1067 15 , , , 44541 1067 16 nor nor CC 44541 1067 17 have have VBP 44541 1067 18 we -PRON- PRP 44541 1067 19 any any DT 44541 1067 20 trustworthy trustworthy JJ 44541 1067 21 fossil fossil NN 44541 1067 22 remains remain NNS 44541 1067 23 of of IN 44541 1067 24 living living NN 44541 1067 25 matter matter NN 44541 1067 26 from from IN 44541 1067 27 these these DT 44541 1067 28 strata strata NN 44541 1067 29 , , , 44541 1067 30 to to IN 44541 1067 31 which which WDT 44541 1067 32 , , , 44541 1067 33 however however RB 44541 1067 34 , , , 44541 1067 35 Haeckel Haeckel NNP 44541 1067 36 and and CC 44541 1067 37 others other NNS 44541 1067 38 refer refer VBP 44541 1067 39 the the DT 44541 1067 40 first first JJ 44541 1067 41 beginnings beginning NNS 44541 1067 42 of of IN 44541 1067 43 life life NN 44541 1067 44 . . . 44541 1068 1 All all PDT 44541 1068 2 the the DT 44541 1068 3 above above JJ 44541 1068 4 calculations calculation NNS 44541 1068 5 are be VBP 44541 1068 6 , , , 44541 1068 7 of of IN 44541 1068 8 course course NN 44541 1068 9 , , , 44541 1068 10 only only RB 44541 1068 11 approximate approximate JJ 44541 1068 12 . . . 44541 1069 1 What what WP 44541 1069 2 we -PRON- PRP 44541 1069 3 do do VBP 44541 1069 4 know know VB 44541 1069 5 is be VBZ 44541 1069 6 the the DT 44541 1069 7 existence existence NN 44541 1069 8 of of IN 44541 1069 9 representatives representative NNS 44541 1069 10 of of IN 44541 1069 11 the the DT 44541 1069 12 stages stage NNS 44541 1069 13 , , , 44541 1069 14 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 1069 15 proofs proof NNS 44541 1069 16 being be VBG 44541 1069 17 the the DT 44541 1069 18 fossils fossil NNS 44541 1069 19 ; ; : 44541 1069 20 but but CC 44541 1069 21 when when WRB 44541 1069 22 we -PRON- PRP 44541 1069 23 refer refer VBP 44541 1069 24 the the DT 44541 1069 25 origin origin NN 44541 1069 26 of of IN 44541 1069 27 the the DT 44541 1069 28 Eotetrapoda Eotetrapoda NNP 44541 1069 29 , , , 44541 1069 30 for for IN 44541 1069 31 example example NN 44541 1069 32 , , , 44541 1069 33 to to IN 44541 1069 34 the the DT 44541 1069 35 bottom bottom NN 44541 1069 36 and and CC 44541 1069 37 not not RB 44541 1069 38 somewhere somewhere RB 44541 1069 39 to to IN 44541 1069 40 the the DT 44541 1069 41 middle middle NN 44541 1069 42 of of IN 44541 1069 43 the the DT 44541 1069 44 Coal Coal NNP 44541 1069 45 - - HYPH 44541 1069 46 measures measure NNS 44541 1069 47 , , , 44541 1069 48 we -PRON- PRP 44541 1069 49 are be VBP 44541 1069 50 guessing guess VBG 44541 1069 51 merely merely RB 44541 1069 52 . . . 44541 1070 1 Alterations alteration NNS 44541 1070 2 in in IN 44541 1070 3 the the DT 44541 1070 4 levels level NNS 44541 1070 5 assumed assume VBN 44541 1070 6 for for IN 44541 1070 7 the the DT 44541 1070 8 various various JJ 44541 1070 9 stage stage NN 44541 1070 10 - - HYPH 44541 1070 11 representatives representative NNS 44541 1070 12 will will MD 44541 1070 13 , , , 44541 1070 14 of of IN 44541 1070 15 course course NN 44541 1070 16 , , , 44541 1070 17 alter alter VB 44541 1070 18 the the DT 44541 1070 19 result result NN 44541 1070 20 of of IN 44541 1070 21 the the DT 44541 1070 22 number number NN 44541 1070 23 of of IN 44541 1070 24 generations generation NNS 44541 1070 25 ; ; : 44541 1070 26 but but CC 44541 1070 27 the the DT 44541 1070 28 leading lead VBG 44541 1070 29 idea idea NN 44541 1070 30 , , , 44541 1070 31 as as IN 44541 1070 32 a a DT 44541 1070 33 whole whole NN 44541 1070 34 , , , 44541 1070 35 is be VBZ 44541 1070 36 not not RB 44541 1070 37 thereby thereby RB 44541 1070 38 upset upset JJ 44541 1070 39 . . . 44541 1071 1 The the DT 44541 1071 2 fact fact NN 44541 1071 3 remains remain VBZ 44541 1071 4 that that IN 44541 1071 5 in in IN 44541 1071 6 the the DT 44541 1071 7 Upper Upper NNP 44541 1071 8 Silurian Silurian NNP 44541 1071 9 we -PRON- PRP 44541 1071 10 have have VBP 44541 1071 11 fishes fish NNS 44541 1071 12 ; ; : 44541 1071 13 from from IN 44541 1071 14 the the DT 44541 1071 15 Coal Coal NNP 44541 1071 16 - - HYPH 44541 1071 17 measures measure NNS 44541 1071 18 onwards onwards RB 44541 1071 19 , , , 44541 1071 20 fishes fish VBZ 44541 1071 21 and and CC 44541 1071 22 Amphibia Amphibia NNP 44541 1071 23 ; ; : 44541 1071 24 since since IN 44541 1071 25 the the DT 44541 1071 26 Permian Permian NNP 44541 1071 27 , , , 44541 1071 28 fishes fish NNS 44541 1071 29 , , , 44541 1071 30 Amphibia Amphibia NNP 44541 1071 31 , , , 44541 1071 32 and and CC 44541 1071 33 reptiles reptile VBZ 44541 1071 34 ; ; : 44541 1071 35 since since IN 44541 1071 36 the the DT 44541 1071 37 end end NN 44541 1071 38 of of IN 44541 1071 39 the the DT 44541 1071 40 Trias Trias NNP 44541 1071 41 these these DT 44541 1071 42 three three CD 44541 1071 43 classes class NNS 44541 1071 44 and and CC 44541 1071 45 the the DT 44541 1071 46 Mammalia Mammalia NNP 44541 1071 47 ; ; : 44541 1071 48 and and CC 44541 1071 49 lastly lastly RB 44541 1071 50 , , , 44541 1071 51 at at IN 44541 1071 52 least least JJS 44541 1071 53 since since IN 44541 1071 54 the the DT 44541 1071 55 Plistocene Plistocene NNP 44541 1071 56 , , , 44541 1071 57 man man VB 44541 1071 58 himself -PRON- PRP 44541 1071 59 . . . 44541 1072 1 If if IN 44541 1072 2 Evolution Evolution NNP 44541 1072 3 is be VBZ 44541 1072 4 true true JJ 44541 1072 5 at at RB 44541 1072 6 all all RB 44541 1072 7 , , , 44541 1072 8 the the DT 44541 1072 9 transformation transformation NN 44541 1072 10 from from IN 44541 1072 11 early early JJ 44541 1072 12 fish fish NN 44541 1072 13 - - HYPH 44541 1072 14 like like JJ 44541 1072 15 creatures creature NNS 44541 1072 16 to to TO 44541 1072 17 man man NN 44541 1072 18 has have VBZ 44541 1072 19 come come VBN 44541 1072 20 about about RP 44541 1072 21 within within IN 44541 1072 22 these these DT 44541 1072 23 epochs epoch NNS 44541 1072 24 . . . 44541 1073 1 Being be VBG 44541 1073 2 able able JJ 44541 1073 3 to to TO 44541 1073 4 assign assign VB 44541 1073 5 a a DT 44541 1073 6 time time NN 44541 1073 7 of of IN 44541 1073 8 duration duration NN 44541 1073 9 to to IN 44541 1073 10 each each DT 44541 1073 11 of of IN 44541 1073 12 them -PRON- PRP 44541 1073 13 , , , 44541 1073 14 with with IN 44541 1073 15 an an DT 44541 1073 16 approximate approximate JJ 44541 1073 17 total total NN 44541 1073 18 of of IN 44541 1073 19 21,000,000 21,000,000 CD 44541 1073 20 years year NNS 44541 1073 21 , , , 44541 1073 22 we -PRON- PRP 44541 1073 23 are be VBP 44541 1073 24 also also RB 44541 1073 25 able able JJ 44541 1073 26 to to TO 44541 1073 27 put put VB 44541 1073 28 the the DT 44541 1073 29 whole whole JJ 44541 1073 30 ancestral ancestral JJ 44541 1073 31 series series NN 44541 1073 32 to to IN 44541 1073 33 a a DT 44541 1073 34 test test NN 44541 1073 35 by by IN 44541 1073 36 expressing express VBG 44541 1073 37 each each DT 44541 1073 38 great great JJ 44541 1073 39 stage stage NN 44541 1073 40 in in IN 44541 1073 41 generations generation NNS 44541 1073 42 . . . 44541 1074 1 The the DT 44541 1074 2 result result NN 44541 1074 3 is be VBZ 44541 1074 4 very very RB 44541 1074 5 satisfactory satisfactory JJ 44541 1074 6 . . . 44541 1075 1 The the DT 44541 1075 2 whole whole JJ 44541 1075 3 enormous enormous JJ 44541 1075 4 stretch stretch NN 44541 1075 5 from from IN 44541 1075 6 the the DT 44541 1075 7 lowest low JJS 44541 1075 8 fish fish NN 44541 1075 9 - - HYPH 44541 1075 10 like like JJ 44541 1075 11 creatures creature NNS 44541 1075 12 to to TO 44541 1075 13 man man NN 44541 1075 14 has have VBZ 44541 1075 15 been be VBN 44541 1075 16 resolved resolve VBN 44541 1075 17 into into IN 44541 1075 18 more more JJR 44541 1075 19 than than IN 44541 1075 20 5,000,000 5,000,000 CD 44541 1075 21 successive successive JJ 44541 1075 22 generations generation NNS 44541 1075 23 , , , 44541 1075 24 and and CC 44541 1075 25 each each DT 44541 1075 26 of of IN 44541 1075 27 these these DT 44541 1075 28 means mean VBZ 44541 1075 29 a a DT 44541 1075 30 little little JJ 44541 1075 31 step step NN 44541 1075 32 forwards forwards RB 44541 1075 33 in in IN 44541 1075 34 onward onward JJ 44541 1075 35 Evolution evolution NN 44541 1075 36 . . . 44541 1076 1 Nothing nothing NN 44541 1076 2 is be VBZ 44541 1076 3 to to TO 44541 1076 4 be be VB 44541 1076 5 gained gain VBN 44541 1076 6 for for IN 44541 1076 7 the the DT 44541 1076 8 understanding understanding NN 44541 1076 9 of of IN 44541 1076 10 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 1076 11 problem problem NN 44541 1076 12 of of IN 44541 1076 13 Evolution evolution NN 44541 1076 14 if if IN 44541 1076 15 we -PRON- PRP 44541 1076 16 multiply multiply VBP 44541 1076 17 this this DT 44541 1076 18 enormous enormous JJ 44541 1076 19 number number NN 44541 1076 20 of of IN 44541 1076 21 generations generation NNS 44541 1076 22 by by IN 44541 1076 23 ten ten CD 44541 1076 24 or or CC 44541 1076 25 any any DT 44541 1076 26 other other JJ 44541 1076 27 multiple multiple NN 44541 1076 28 . . . 44541 1077 1 We -PRON- PRP 44541 1077 2 are be VBP 44541 1077 3 not not RB 44541 1077 4 able able JJ 44541 1077 5 to to TO 44541 1077 6 conceive conceive VB 44541 1077 7 changes change NNS 44541 1077 8 so so RB 44541 1077 9 small small JJ 44541 1077 10 as as IN 44541 1077 11 those those DT 44541 1077 12 which which WDT 44541 1077 13 necessarily necessarily RB 44541 1077 14 have have VBP 44541 1077 15 existed exist VBN 44541 1077 16 between between IN 44541 1077 17 Pithecanthropus Pithecanthropus NNP 44541 1077 18 and and CC 44541 1077 19 man man NN 44541 1077 20 if if IN 44541 1077 21 the the DT 44541 1077 22 whole whole JJ 44541 1077 23 striking striking JJ 44541 1077 24 difference difference NN 44541 1077 25 is be VBZ 44541 1077 26 analysed analyse VBN 44541 1077 27 into into IN 44541 1077 28 17,000 17,000 CD 44541 1077 29 steps step NNS 44541 1077 30 . . . 44541 1078 1 Every every DT 44541 1078 2 one one CD 44541 1078 3 of of IN 44541 1078 4 these these DT 44541 1078 5 stages stage NNS 44541 1078 6 in in IN 44541 1078 7 the the DT 44541 1078 8 modifications modification NNS 44541 1078 9 of of IN 44541 1078 10 the the DT 44541 1078 11 muscles muscle NNS 44541 1078 12 , , , 44541 1078 13 the the DT 44541 1078 14 skeletal skeletal JJ 44541 1078 15 framework framework NN 44541 1078 16 , , , 44541 1078 17 increase increase NN 44541 1078 18 of of IN 44541 1078 19 brain brain NN 44541 1078 20 , , , 44541 1078 21 shortening shorten VBG 44541 1078 22 of of IN 44541 1078 23 the the DT 44541 1078 24 trunk trunk NN 44541 1078 25 , , , 44541 1078 26 lengthening lengthen VBG 44541 1078 27 of of IN 44541 1078 28 the the DT 44541 1078 29 legs leg NNS 44541 1078 30 , , , 44541 1078 31 improvement improvement NN 44541 1078 32 of of IN 44541 1078 33 the the DT 44541 1078 34 hands hand NNS 44541 1078 35 , , , 44541 1078 36 loss loss NN 44541 1078 37 of of IN 44541 1078 38 the the DT 44541 1078 39 hairy hairy JJ 44541 1078 40 coat coat NN 44541 1078 41 , , , 44541 1078 42 etc etc FW 44541 1078 43 . . FW 44541 1078 44 , , , 44541 1078 45 is be VBZ 44541 1078 46 truly truly RB 44541 1078 47 microscopical microscopical JJ 44541 1078 48 , , , 44541 1078 49 imperceptible imperceptible JJ 44541 1078 50 , , , 44541 1078 51 just just RB 44541 1078 52 as as IN 44541 1078 53 the the DT 44541 1078 54 Evolutionist Evolutionist NNP 44541 1078 55 imagines imagine VBZ 44541 1078 56 the the DT 44541 1078 57 whole whole JJ 44541 1078 58 process process NN 44541 1078 59 to to TO 44541 1078 60 have have VB 44541 1078 61 been be VBN 44541 1078 62 . . . 44541 1079 1 Again again RB 44541 1079 2 , , , 44541 1079 3 where where WRB 44541 1079 4 is be VBZ 44541 1079 5 the the DT 44541 1079 6 difficulty difficulty NN 44541 1079 7 implied imply VBN 44541 1079 8 by by IN 44541 1079 9 the the DT 44541 1079 10 change change NN 44541 1079 11 from from IN 44541 1079 12 an an DT 44541 1079 13 air air NN 44541 1079 14 - - HYPH 44541 1079 15 breathing breathing NN 44541 1079 16 , , , 44541 1079 17 in in IN 44541 1079 18 many many JJ 44541 1079 19 structural structural JJ 44541 1079 20 points point NNS 44541 1079 21 half half JJ 44541 1079 22 - - HYPH 44541 1079 23 amphibian amphibian JJ 44541 1079 24 , , , 44541 1079 25 fish fish VBP 44541 1079 26 into into IN 44541 1079 27 a a DT 44541 1079 28 primitive primitive JJ 44541 1079 29 land land NN 44541 1079 30 - - HYPH 44541 1079 31 crawling crawl VBG 44541 1079 32 four four CD 44541 1079 33 - - HYPH 44541 1079 34 footed footed JJ 44541 1079 35 creature creature NN 44541 1079 36 , , , 44541 1079 37 if if IN 44541 1079 38 we -PRON- PRP 44541 1079 39 are be VBP 44541 1079 40 allowed allow VBN 44541 1079 41 to to TO 44541 1079 42 resolve resolve VB 44541 1079 43 the the DT 44541 1079 44 transformation transformation NN 44541 1079 45 into into IN 44541 1079 46 1,000,000 1,000,000 CD 44541 1079 47 stages stage NNS 44541 1079 48 ? ? . 44541 1080 1 So so RB 44541 1080 2 far far RB 44541 1080 3 from from IN 44541 1080 4 there there EX 44541 1080 5 being be VBG 44541 1080 6 any any DT 44541 1080 7 difficulty difficulty NN 44541 1080 8 , , , 44541 1080 9 rather rather RB 44541 1080 10 does do VBZ 44541 1080 11 it -PRON- PRP 44541 1080 12 appear appear VB 44541 1080 13 questionable questionable JJ 44541 1080 14 if if IN 44541 1080 15 so so RB 44541 1080 16 many many JJ 44541 1080 17 infinitely infinitely RB 44541 1080 18 small small JJ 44541 1080 19 changes change NNS 44541 1080 20 have have VBP 44541 1080 21 been be VBN 44541 1080 22 necessary necessary JJ 44541 1080 23 to to TO 44541 1080 24 bring bring VB 44541 1080 25 about about RP 44541 1080 26 this this DT 44541 1080 27 result result NN 44541 1080 28 . . . 44541 1081 1 One one CD 44541 1081 2 thousand thousand CD 44541 1081 3 years year NNS 44541 1081 4 make make VBP 44541 1081 5 apparently apparently RB 44541 1081 6 no no DT 44541 1081 7 difference difference NN 44541 1081 8 in in IN 44541 1081 9 the the DT 44541 1081 10 evolution evolution NN 44541 1081 11 of of IN 44541 1081 12 animals animal NNS 44541 1081 13 , , , 44541 1081 14 nor nor CC 44541 1081 15 does do VBZ 44541 1081 16 one one CD 44541 1081 17 second second JJ 44541 1081 18 change change VB 44541 1081 19 the the DT 44541 1081 20 aspect aspect NN 44541 1081 21 of of IN 44541 1081 22 the the DT 44541 1081 23 hands hand NNS 44541 1081 24 on on IN 44541 1081 25 the the DT 44541 1081 26 face face NN 44541 1081 27 of of IN 44541 1081 28 a a DT 44541 1081 29 clock clock NN 44541 1081 30 , , , 44541 1081 31 nor nor CC 44541 1081 32 did do VBD 44541 1081 33 Julius Julius NNP 44541 1081 34 Cæsar Cæsar NNP 44541 1081 35 's 's POS 44541 1081 36 commission commission NN 44541 1081 37 of of IN 44541 1081 38 scientific scientific JJ 44541 1081 39 men man NNS 44541 1081 40 appreciate appreciate VBP 44541 1081 41 the the DT 44541 1081 42 error error NN 44541 1081 43 of of IN 44541 1081 44 about about RB 44541 1081 45 eleven eleven CD 44541 1081 46 minutes minute NNS 44541 1081 47 in in IN 44541 1081 48 the the DT 44541 1081 49 length length NN 44541 1081 50 of of IN 44541 1081 51 the the DT 44541 1081 52 year year NN 44541 1081 53 beyond beyond IN 44541 1081 54 its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 1081 55 real real JJ 44541 1081 56 value value NN 44541 1081 57 ; ; : 44541 1081 58 but but CC 44541 1081 59 now now RB 44541 1081 60 the the DT 44541 1081 61 Russians Russians NNPS 44541 1081 62 are be VBP 44541 1081 63 , , , 44541 1081 64 owing owe VBG 44541 1081 65 to to IN 44541 1081 66 this this DT 44541 1081 67 neglect neglect NN 44541 1081 68 , , , 44541 1081 69 nearly nearly RB 44541 1081 70 two two CD 44541 1081 71 weeks week NNS 44541 1081 72 behind behind IN 44541 1081 73 the the DT 44541 1081 74 civilized civilized JJ 44541 1081 75 nations nation NNS 44541 1081 76 . . . 44541 1082 1 THE the DT 44541 1082 2 END END NNP 44541 1082 3 . . . 44541 1083 1 BILLING BILLING NNP 44541 1083 2 AND and CC 44541 1083 3 SONS SONS NNP 44541 1083 4 , , , 44541 1083 5 PRINTERS PRINTERS NNP 44541 1083 6 , , , 44541 1083 7 GUILDFORD GUILDFORD NNP 44541 1083 8 . . . 44541 1084 1 By by IN 44541 1084 2 PROFESSOR PROFESSOR NNP 44541 1084 3 ERNST ERNST NNP 44541 1084 4 HAECKEL HAECKEL NNP 44541 1084 5 MONISM MONISM NNP 44541 1084 6 ; ; , 44541 1084 7 OR or CC 44541 1084 8 , , , 44541 1084 9 The the DT 44541 1084 10 Confession Confession NNP 44541 1084 11 of of IN 44541 1084 12 Faith Faith NNP 44541 1084 13 of of IN 44541 1084 14 a a DT 44541 1084 15 Man Man NNP 44541 1084 16 of of IN 44541 1084 17 Science Science NNP 44541 1084 18 . . . 44541 1085 1 Translated translate VBN 44541 1085 2 from from IN 44541 1085 3 the the DT 44541 1085 4 German German NNP 44541 1085 5 by by IN 44541 1085 6 J. J. NNP 44541 1085 7 D. D. NNP 44541 1085 8 F. F. NNP 44541 1085 9 GILCHRIST GILCHRIST NNP 44541 1085 10 . . . 44541 1086 1 _ _ NNP 44541 1086 2 Crown Crown NNP 44541 1086 3 8vo 8vo NNP 44541 1086 4 . . NNP 44541 1086 5 , , , 44541 1086 6 cloth cloth NN 44541 1086 7 . . . 44541 1087 1 Price price NN 44541 1087 2 1s 1 NNS 44541 1087 3 . . . 44541 1088 1 6d 6d NNP 44541 1088 2 . . . 44541 1089 1 net net NN 44541 1089 2 . . . 44541 1089 3 _ _ NNP 44541 1089 4 ' ' `` 44541 1089 5 We -PRON- PRP 44541 1089 6 may may MD 44541 1089 7 readily readily RB 44541 1089 8 admit admit VB 44541 1089 9 that that IN 44541 1089 10 Professor Professor NNP 44541 1089 11 Haeckel Haeckel NNP 44541 1089 12 has have VBZ 44541 1089 13 stated state VBN 44541 1089 14 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 1089 15 case case NN 44541 1089 16 with with IN 44541 1089 17 the the DT 44541 1089 18 clearness clearness NN 44541 1089 19 and and CC 44541 1089 20 courage courage NN 44541 1089 21 which which WDT 44541 1089 22 we -PRON- PRP 44541 1089 23 should should MD 44541 1089 24 expect expect VB 44541 1089 25 of of IN 44541 1089 26 him -PRON- PRP 44541 1089 27 , , , 44541 1089 28 and and CC 44541 1089 29 that that IN 44541 1089 30 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 1089 31 lecture lecture NN 44541 1089 32 may may MD 44541 1089 33 be be VB 44541 1089 34 regarded regard VBN 44541 1089 35 as as IN 44541 1089 36 a a DT 44541 1089 37 fair fair JJ 44541 1089 38 and and CC 44541 1089 39 authoritative authoritative JJ 44541 1089 40 statement statement NN 44541 1089 41 of of IN 44541 1089 42 the the DT 44541 1089 43 views view NNS 44541 1089 44 now now RB 44541 1089 45 held hold VBN 44541 1089 46 by by IN 44541 1089 47 a a DT 44541 1089 48 large large JJ 44541 1089 49 number number NN 44541 1089 50 of of IN 44541 1089 51 scientifically scientifically RB 44541 1089 52 educated educate VBN 44541 1089 53 people people NNS 44541 1089 54 . . . 44541 1089 55 ' ' '' 44541 1090 1 --_Times --_Times : 44541 1090 2 . . . 44541 1090 3 _ _ NNP 44541 1090 4 ' ' `` 44541 1090 5 The the DT 44541 1090 6 Monism Monism NNP 44541 1090 7 , , , 44541 1090 8 which which WDT 44541 1090 9 is be VBZ 44541 1090 10 the the DT 44541 1090 11 substance substance NN 44541 1090 12 of of IN 44541 1090 13 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 1090 14 faith faith NN 44541 1090 15 , , , 44541 1090 16 is be VBZ 44541 1090 17 thus thus RB 44541 1090 18 defined define VBN 44541 1090 19 by by IN 44541 1090 20 him -PRON- PRP 44541 1090 21 : : : 44541 1090 22 " " `` 44541 1090 23 Our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 1090 24 conviction conviction NN 44541 1090 25 that that IN 44541 1090 26 there there EX 44541 1090 27 lives live VBZ 44541 1090 28 one one CD 44541 1090 29 spirit spirit NN 44541 1090 30 in in IN 44541 1090 31 all all DT 44541 1090 32 things thing NNS 44541 1090 33 , , , 44541 1090 34 and and CC 44541 1090 35 that that IN 44541 1090 36 the the DT 44541 1090 37 whole whole JJ 44541 1090 38 cognizable cognizable JJ 44541 1090 39 world world NN 44541 1090 40 is be VBZ 44541 1090 41 constituted constitute VBN 44541 1090 42 , , , 44541 1090 43 and and CC 44541 1090 44 has have VBZ 44541 1090 45 been be VBN 44541 1090 46 developed develop VBN 44541 1090 47 , , , 44541 1090 48 in in IN 44541 1090 49 accordance accordance NN 44541 1090 50 with with IN 44541 1090 51 one one CD 44541 1090 52 common common JJ 44541 1090 53 fundamental fundamental JJ 44541 1090 54 law law NN 44541 1090 55 . . . 44541 1090 56 " " '' 44541 1091 1 As as IN 44541 1091 2 the the DT 44541 1091 3 confession confession NN 44541 1091 4 of of IN 44541 1091 5 a a DT 44541 1091 6 distinguished distinguished JJ 44541 1091 7 man man NN 44541 1091 8 of of IN 44541 1091 9 science science NN 44541 1091 10 , , , 44541 1091 11 this this DT 44541 1091 12 little little JJ 44541 1091 13 work work NN 44541 1091 14 deserves deserve NNS 44541 1091 15 to to TO 44541 1091 16 be be VB 44541 1091 17 read read VBN 44541 1091 18 . . . 44541 1091 19 ' ' '' 44541 1092 1 --_North --_North : 44541 1092 2 British British NNP 44541 1092 3 Daily Daily NNP 44541 1092 4 Mail Mail NNP 44541 1092 5 . . . 44541 1092 6 _ _ NNP 44541 1092 7 ' ' `` 44541 1092 8 This this DT 44541 1092 9 " " `` 44541 1092 10 Confession Confession NNP 44541 1092 11 of of IN 44541 1092 12 Faith Faith NNP 44541 1092 13 " " '' 44541 1092 14 was be VBD 44541 1092 15 delivered deliver VBN 44541 1092 16 by by IN 44541 1092 17 the the DT 44541 1092 18 great great JJ 44541 1092 19 German german JJ 44541 1092 20 scientist scientist NN 44541 1092 21 , , , 44541 1092 22 its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 1092 23 author author NN 44541 1092 24 , , , 44541 1092 25 as as IN 44541 1092 26 an an DT 44541 1092 27 extemporaneous extemporaneous JJ 44541 1092 28 address address NN 44541 1092 29 at at IN 44541 1092 30 Altenburg Altenburg NNP 44541 1092 31 rather rather RB 44541 1092 32 more more JJR 44541 1092 33 than than IN 44541 1092 34 two two CD 44541 1092 35 years year NNS 44541 1092 36 ago ago RB 44541 1092 37 . . . 44541 1093 1 There there EX 44541 1093 2 are be VBP 44541 1093 3 , , , 44541 1093 4 no no RB 44541 1093 5 doubt doubt RB 44541 1093 6 , , , 44541 1093 7 a a DT 44541 1093 8 large large JJ 44541 1093 9 number number NN 44541 1093 10 of of IN 44541 1093 11 English english JJ 44541 1093 12 readers reader NNS 44541 1093 13 who who WP 44541 1093 14 will will MD 44541 1093 15 welcome welcome VB 44541 1093 16 a a DT 44541 1093 17 translation translation NN 44541 1093 18 , , , 44541 1093 19 for for IN 44541 1093 20 this this DT 44541 1093 21 " " `` 44541 1093 22 connecting connect VBG 44541 1093 23 of of IN 44541 1093 24 religion religion NN 44541 1093 25 and and CC 44541 1093 26 science science NN 44541 1093 27 " " '' 44541 1093 28 has have VBZ 44541 1093 29 long long RB 44541 1093 30 troubled trouble VBN 44541 1093 31 many many JJ 44541 1093 32 earnest earnest JJ 44541 1093 33 students student NNS 44541 1093 34 of of IN 44541 1093 35 modern modern JJ 44541 1093 36 science science NN 44541 1093 37 . . . 44541 1093 38 ' ' '' 44541 1094 1 --_Publisher --_Publisher NNP 44541 1094 2 's 's POS 44541 1094 3 Circular Circular NNP 44541 1094 4 . . . 44541 1094 5 _ _ NNP 44541 1094 6 ' ' `` 44541 1094 7 This this DT 44541 1094 8 is be VBZ 44541 1094 9 a a DT 44541 1094 10 little little JJ 44541 1094 11 book book NN 44541 1094 12 of of IN 44541 1094 13 great great JJ 44541 1094 14 daring daring NN 44541 1094 15 , , , 44541 1094 16 an an DT 44541 1094 17 example example NN 44541 1094 18 of of IN 44541 1094 19 the the DT 44541 1094 20 wild wild JJ 44541 1094 21 speculative speculative JJ 44541 1094 22 flights flight NNS 44541 1094 23 of of IN 44541 1094 24 one one CD 44541 1094 25 of of IN 44541 1094 26 the the DT 44541 1094 27 very very RB 44541 1094 28 ablest able JJS 44541 1094 29 and and CC 44541 1094 30 greatest great JJS 44541 1094 31 of of IN 44541 1094 32 our -PRON- PRP$ 44541 1094 33 contemporary contemporary JJ 44541 1094 34 men man NNS 44541 1094 35 of of IN 44541 1094 36 science science NN 44541 1094 37 . . . 44541 1094 38 ' ' '' 44541 1095 1 --_Aberdeen --_Aberdeen : 44541 1095 2 Free Free NNP 44541 1095 3 Press Press NNP 44541 1095 4 . . . 44541 1095 5 _ _ NNP 44541 1095 6 ' ' '' 44541 1095 7 The the DT 44541 1095 8 address address NN 44541 1095 9 , , , 44541 1095 10 whatever whatever WDT 44541 1095 11 we -PRON- PRP 44541 1095 12 may may MD 44541 1095 13 think think VB 44541 1095 14 of of IN 44541 1095 15 its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 1095 16 conclusions conclusion NNS 44541 1095 17 , , , 44541 1095 18 is be VBZ 44541 1095 19 , , , 44541 1095 20 however however RB 44541 1095 21 , , , 44541 1095 22 most most RBS 44541 1095 23 interesting interesting JJ 44541 1095 24 reading reading NN 44541 1095 25 , , , 44541 1095 26 and and CC 44541 1095 27 is be VBZ 44541 1095 28 admirably admirably RB 44541 1095 29 done do VBN 44541 1095 30 into into IN 44541 1095 31 English English NNP 44541 1095 32 by by IN 44541 1095 33 the the DT 44541 1095 34 translator translator NN 44541 1095 35 . . . 44541 1095 36 ' ' '' 44541 1096 1 --_Literary --_Literary : 44541 1096 2 World World NNP 44541 1096 3 . . . 44541 1096 4 _ _ NNP 44541 1096 5 LONDON LONDON NNP 44541 1096 6 : : : 44541 1096 7 ADAM ADAM NNP 44541 1096 8 & & CC 44541 1096 9 CHARLES CHARLES NNP 44541 1096 10 BLACK BLACK NNP 44541 1096 11 , , , 44541 1096 12 SOHO SOHO NNP 44541 1096 13 SQUARE SQUARE NNP 44541 1096 14 . . . 44541 1097 1 _ _ NNP 44541 1097 2 Demy Demy NNP 44541 1097 3 8vo 8vo NNP 44541 1097 4 . . NNP 44541 1097 5 , , , 44541 1097 6 price price NN 44541 1097 7 7s 7s CD 44541 1097 8 . . . 44541 1098 1 6d 6d NNP 44541 1098 2 . . . 44541 1099 1 net net NN 44541 1099 2 . . . 44541 1099 3 _ _ NNP 44541 1099 4 SOURCES source NNS 44541 1099 5 OF of IN 44541 1099 6 THE the DT 44541 1099 7 APOSTOLIC APOSTOLIC NNP 44541 1099 8 CANONS canon NNS 44541 1099 9 . . . 44541 1100 1 _ _ NNP 44541 1100 2 With with IN 44541 1100 3 a a DT 44541 1100 4 Treatise Treatise NNP 44541 1100 5 on on IN 44541 1100 6 the the DT 44541 1100 7 Origin Origin NNP 44541 1100 8 of of IN 44541 1100 9 the the DT 44541 1100 10 Readership Readership NNP 44541 1100 11 and and CC 44541 1100 12 other other JJ 44541 1100 13 Lower Lower NNP 44541 1100 14 Orders Orders NNP 44541 1100 15 . . . 44541 1100 16 _ _ NNP 44541 1100 17 By by IN 44541 1100 18 Professor Professor NNP 44541 1100 19 ADOLF ADOLF NNP 44541 1100 20 HARNACK HARNACK NNS 44541 1100 21 . . . 44541 1101 1 Translated translate VBN 44541 1101 2 by by IN 44541 1101 3 LEONARD LEONARD NNP 44541 1101 4 A. A. NNP 44541 1101 5 WHEATLEY WHEATLEY NNP 44541 1101 6 . . . 44541 1102 1 _ _ NNP 44541 1102 2 With with IN 44541 1102 3 an an DT 44541 1102 4 Introductory Introductory NNP 44541 1102 5 Essay Essay NNP 44541 1102 6 on on IN 44541 1102 7 the the DT 44541 1102 8 Organization Organization NNP 44541 1102 9 of of IN 44541 1102 10 the the DT 44541 1102 11 Early Early NNP 44541 1102 12 Church Church NNP 44541 1102 13 and and CC 44541 1102 14 the the DT 44541 1102 15 Evolution evolution NN 44541 1102 16 of of IN 44541 1102 17 the the DT 44541 1102 18 Reader reader NN 44541 1102 19 . . . 44541 1102 20 _ _ NNP 44541 1102 21 By by IN 44541 1102 22 the the DT 44541 1102 23 Rev. Rev. NNP 44541 1103 1 JOHN JOHN NNP 44541 1103 2 OWEN OWEN NNP 44541 1103 3 , , , 44541 1103 4 Author author NN 44541 1103 5 of of IN 44541 1103 6 ' ' `` 44541 1103 7 Evenings evening NNS 44541 1103 8 with with IN 44541 1103 9 the the DT 44541 1103 10 Skeptics Skeptics NNPS 44541 1103 11 . . . 44541 1103 12 ' ' '' 44541 1104 1 ' ' '' 44541 1104 2 Dr. Dr. NNP 44541 1105 1 Adolf Adolf NNP 44541 1105 2 Harnack Harnack NNP 44541 1105 3 is be VBZ 44541 1105 4 at at IN 44541 1105 5 the the DT 44541 1105 6 present present JJ 44541 1105 7 time time NN 44541 1105 8 undoubtedly undoubtedly RB 44541 1105 9 the the DT 44541 1105 10 leading lead VBG 44541 1105 11 liberal liberal JJ 44541 1105 12 authority authority NN 44541 1105 13 in in IN 44541 1105 14 Germany Germany NNP 44541 1105 15 on on IN 44541 1105 16 matters matter NNS 44541 1105 17 connected connect VBN 44541 1105 18 with with IN 44541 1105 19 early early JJ 44541 1105 20 Christian christian JJ 44541 1105 21 history history NN 44541 1105 22 . . . 44541 1105 23 ' ' '' 44541 1106 1 --_The --_The : 44541 1106 2 Times Times NNP 44541 1106 3 . . . 44541 1106 4 _ _ NNP 44541 1106 5 ' ' `` 44541 1106 6 Those those DT 44541 1106 7 who who WP 44541 1106 8 are be VBP 44541 1106 9 interested interested JJ 44541 1106 10 in in IN 44541 1106 11 early early JJ 44541 1106 12 Church church NN 44541 1106 13 history history NN 44541 1106 14 know know VBP 44541 1106 15 how how WRB 44541 1106 16 to to TO 44541 1106 17 prize prize VB 44541 1106 18 anything anything NN 44541 1106 19 from from IN 44541 1106 20 the the DT 44541 1106 21 pen pen NN 44541 1106 22 of of IN 44541 1106 23 Prof. Prof. NNP 44541 1106 24 Harnack Harnack NNP 44541 1106 25 . . . 44541 1107 1 They -PRON- PRP 44541 1107 2 will will MD 44541 1107 3 not not RB 44541 1107 4 be be VB 44541 1107 5 disappointed disappoint VBN 44541 1107 6 with with IN 44541 1107 7 the the DT 44541 1107 8 present present JJ 44541 1107 9 paper paper NN 44541 1107 10 , , , 44541 1107 11 in in IN 44541 1107 12 which which WDT 44541 1107 13 , , , 44541 1107 14 with with IN 44541 1107 15 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 1107 16 accustomed accustomed JJ 44541 1107 17 learning learning NN 44541 1107 18 and and CC 44541 1107 19 acute acute JJ 44541 1107 20 criticism criticism NN 44541 1107 21 , , , 44541 1107 22 he -PRON- PRP 44541 1107 23 annotates annotate VBZ 44541 1107 24 and and CC 44541 1107 25 comments comment NNS 44541 1107 26 upon upon IN 44541 1107 27 the the DT 44541 1107 28 fragments fragment NNS 44541 1107 29 of of IN 44541 1107 30 primitive primitive JJ 44541 1107 31 church church NN 44541 1107 32 law law NN 44541 1107 33 which which WDT 44541 1107 34 partly partly RB 44541 1107 35 form form VBP 44541 1107 36 the the DT 44541 1107 37 basis basis NN 44541 1107 38 of of IN 44541 1107 39 the the DT 44541 1107 40 Apostolic Apostolic NNP 44541 1107 41 Canons Canons NNPS 44541 1107 42 . . . 44541 1107 43 ' ' '' 44541 1108 1 --_British --_British : 44541 1108 2 Weekly Weekly NNP 44541 1108 3 . . . 44541 1108 4 _ _ NNP 44541 1108 5 ' ' `` 44541 1108 6 The the DT 44541 1108 7 wide wide JJ 44541 1108 8 circulation circulation NN 44541 1108 9 of of IN 44541 1108 10 this this DT 44541 1108 11 volume volume NN 44541 1108 12 would would MD 44541 1108 13 be be VB 44541 1108 14 of of IN 44541 1108 15 the the DT 44541 1108 16 happiest happy JJS 44541 1108 17 augury augury NN 44541 1108 18 for for IN 44541 1108 19 a a DT 44541 1108 20 more more RBR 44541 1108 21 scientific scientific JJ 44541 1108 22 and and CC 44541 1108 23 worthy worthy JJ 44541 1108 24 conception conception NN 44541 1108 25 of of IN 44541 1108 26 the the DT 44541 1108 27 organization organization NN 44541 1108 28 of of IN 44541 1108 29 the the DT 44541 1108 30 primitive primitive JJ 44541 1108 31 Church Church NNP 44541 1108 32 . . . 44541 1108 33 '--Dr '--Dr '' 44541 1108 34 . . . 44541 1109 1 MARCUS MARCUS NNP 44541 1109 2 DODS DODS NNP 44541 1109 3 in in IN 44541 1109 4 _ _ NNP 44541 1109 5 The the DT 44541 1109 6 Bookman Bookman NNP 44541 1109 7 _ _ NNP 44541 1109 8 . . . 44541 1110 1 _ _ NNP 44541 1110 2 Crown Crown NNP 44541 1110 3 8vo 8vo NNP 44541 1110 4 . . NNP 44541 1110 5 , , , 44541 1110 6 cloth cloth NN 44541 1110 7 , , , 44541 1110 8 price price NN 44541 1110 9 1s 1 NNS 44541 1110 10 . . . 44541 1111 1 6d 6d NNP 44541 1111 2 . . . 44541 1112 1 net net NN 44541 1112 2 . . . 44541 1112 3 _ _ NNP 44541 1112 4 CHRISTIANITY CHRISTIANITY NNP 44541 1112 5 AND and CC 44541 1112 6 HISTORY HISTORY NNP 44541 1112 7 . . . 44541 1113 1 By by IN 44541 1113 2 ADOLF ADOLF NNP 44541 1113 3 HARNACK HARNACK NNS 44541 1113 4 . . . 44541 1114 1 Translated translate VBN 44541 1114 2 , , , 44541 1114 3 with with IN 44541 1114 4 the the DT 44541 1114 5 Author author NN 44541 1114 6 's 's POS 44541 1114 7 sanction sanction NN 44541 1114 8 , , , 44541 1114 9 by by IN 44541 1114 10 THOMAS THOMAS NNP 44541 1114 11 BAILEY BAILEY NNP 44541 1114 12 SAUNDERS SAUNDERS NNP 44541 1114 13 , , , 44541 1114 14 with with IN 44541 1114 15 an an DT 44541 1114 16 Introductory Introductory NNP 44541 1114 17 Note Note NNP 44541 1114 18 . . . 44541 1115 1 ' ' `` 44541 1115 2 It -PRON- PRP 44541 1115 3 is be VBZ 44541 1115 4 highly highly RB 44541 1115 5 interesting interesting JJ 44541 1115 6 and and CC 44541 1115 7 full full JJ 44541 1115 8 of of IN 44541 1115 9 thought thought NN 44541 1115 10 . . . 44541 1116 1 The the DT 44541 1116 2 short short JJ 44541 1116 3 introductory introductory JJ 44541 1116 4 note note NN 44541 1116 5 with with IN 44541 1116 6 which which WDT 44541 1116 7 Mr. Mr. NNP 44541 1116 8 Saunders Saunders NNP 44541 1116 9 prefaces preface VBZ 44541 1116 10 it -PRON- PRP 44541 1116 11 is be VBZ 44541 1116 12 valuable valuable JJ 44541 1116 13 for for IN 44541 1116 14 its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 1116 15 information information NN 44541 1116 16 and and CC 44541 1116 17 excellent excellent NN 44541 1116 18 in in IN 44541 1116 19 its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 1116 20 tone tone NN 44541 1116 21 . . . 44541 1116 22 ' ' '' 44541 1117 1 --_Athenæum --_Athenæum : 44541 1117 2 . . . 44541 1117 3 _ _ NNP 44541 1117 4 ' ' `` 44541 1117 5 A a DT 44541 1117 6 singularly singularly RB 44541 1117 7 able able JJ 44541 1117 8 exposition exposition NN 44541 1117 9 and and CC 44541 1117 10 defence defence NN 44541 1117 11 of of IN 44541 1117 12 Christianity Christianity NNP 44541 1117 13 , , , 44541 1117 14 as as IN 44541 1117 15 seen see VBN 44541 1117 16 in in IN 44541 1117 17 the the DT 44541 1117 18 newer new JJR 44541 1117 19 light light NN 44541 1117 20 , , , 44541 1117 21 by by IN 44541 1117 22 one one CD 44541 1117 23 of of IN 44541 1117 24 the the DT 44541 1117 25 most most RBS 44541 1117 26 learned learned JJ 44541 1117 27 and and CC 44541 1117 28 acute acute JJ 44541 1117 29 " " `` 44541 1117 30 evangelical evangelical JJ 44541 1117 31 " " '' 44541 1117 32 critics critic NNS 44541 1117 33 of of IN 44541 1117 34 Germany Germany NNP 44541 1117 35 . . . 44541 1118 1 The the DT 44541 1118 2 essay essay NN 44541 1118 3 is be VBZ 44541 1118 4 a a DT 44541 1118 5 masterly masterly JJ 44541 1118 6 one one CD 44541 1118 7 . . . 44541 1118 8 ' ' '' 44541 1119 1 --_Glasgow --_Glasgow : 44541 1119 2 Herald Herald NNP 44541 1119 3 . . . 44541 1119 4 _ _ NNP 44541 1119 5 ' ' '' 44541 1119 6 ... ... . 44541 1119 7 We -PRON- PRP 44541 1119 8 hope hope VBP 44541 1119 9 the the DT 44541 1119 10 lecture lecture NN 44541 1119 11 will will MD 44541 1119 12 be be VB 44541 1119 13 widely widely RB 44541 1119 14 read read VBN 44541 1119 15 . . . 44541 1119 16 ' ' '' 44541 1120 1 --_Primitive --_Primitive : 44541 1120 2 Methodist Methodist NNP 44541 1120 3 Quarterly Quarterly NNP 44541 1120 4 Review Review NNP 44541 1120 5 . . . 44541 1120 6 _ _ NNP 44541 1120 7 ' ' `` 44541 1120 8 The the DT 44541 1120 9 lecture lecture NN 44541 1120 10 itself -PRON- PRP 44541 1120 11 is be VBZ 44541 1120 12 weighty weighty JJ 44541 1120 13 in in IN 44541 1120 14 its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 1120 15 every every DT 44541 1120 16 word word NN 44541 1120 17 , , , 44541 1120 18 and and CC 44541 1120 19 should should MD 44541 1120 20 be be VB 44541 1120 21 read read VBN 44541 1120 22 and and CC 44541 1120 23 re re VB 44541 1120 24 - - VB 44541 1120 25 read read VBN 44541 1120 26 by by IN 44541 1120 27 those those DT 44541 1120 28 desiring desire VBG 44541 1120 29 to to TO 44541 1120 30 have have VB 44541 1120 31 in in IN 44541 1120 32 a a DT 44541 1120 33 nutshell nutshell NN 44541 1120 34 the the DT 44541 1120 35 central central JJ 44541 1120 36 positions position NNS 44541 1120 37 of of IN 44541 1120 38 modern modern JJ 44541 1120 39 Christianity Christianity NNP 44541 1120 40 . . . 44541 1120 41 ' ' '' 44541 1121 1 --_Christian --_Christian : 44541 1121 2 World World NNP 44541 1121 3 . . . 44541 1121 4 _ _ NNP 44541 1121 5 LONDON LONDON NNP 44541 1121 6 : : : 44541 1121 7 ADAM ADAM NNP 44541 1121 8 & & CC 44541 1121 9 CHARLES CHARLES NNP 44541 1121 10 BLACK BLACK NNP 44541 1121 11 , , , 44541 1121 12 SOHO SOHO NNP 44541 1121 13 SQUARE SQUARE NNP 44541 1121 14 . . . 44541 1122 1 _ _ NNP 44541 1122 2 Third Third NNP 44541 1122 3 Edition Edition NNP 44541 1122 4 . . . 44541 1123 1 Crown Crown NNP 44541 1123 2 8vo 8vo NNP 44541 1123 3 . . NNP 44541 1123 4 , , , 44541 1123 5 cloth cloth NN 44541 1123 6 , , , 44541 1123 7 price price NN 44541 1123 8 5s 5s NN 44541 1123 9 . . . 44541 1123 10 _ _ NNP 44541 1123 11 SKETCH SKETCH NNP 44541 1123 12 OF of IN 44541 1123 13 THE the DT 44541 1123 14 HISTORY HISTORY NNP 44541 1123 15 OF of IN 44541 1123 16 ISRAEL ISRAEL NNP 44541 1123 17 AND and CC 44541 1123 18 JUDAH JUDAH NNP 44541 1123 19 . . . 44541 1124 1 By by IN 44541 1124 2 J. J. NNP 44541 1124 3 WELLHAUSEN WELLHAUSEN NNP 44541 1124 4 , , , 44541 1124 5 PROFESSOR PROFESSOR NNP 44541 1124 6 AT AT NNP 44541 1124 7 MARBURG marburg NN 44541 1124 8 . . . 44541 1125 1 ' ' `` 44541 1125 2 This this DT 44541 1125 3 work work NN 44541 1125 4 is be VBZ 44541 1125 5 now now RB 44541 1125 6 issued issue VBN 44541 1125 7 for for IN 44541 1125 8 the the DT 44541 1125 9 third third JJ 44541 1125 10 time time NN 44541 1125 11 as as IN 44541 1125 12 an an DT 44541 1125 13 independent independent JJ 44541 1125 14 treatise treatise NN 44541 1125 15 . . . 44541 1126 1 It -PRON- PRP 44541 1126 2 admirably admirably RB 44541 1126 3 epitomizes epitomize VBZ 44541 1126 4 the the DT 44541 1126 5 subject subject NN 44541 1126 6 , , , 44541 1126 7 and and CC 44541 1126 8 exhibits exhibit VBZ 44541 1126 9 on on IN 44541 1126 10 almost almost RB 44541 1126 11 every every DT 44541 1126 12 page page NN 44541 1126 13 evidences evidence NNS 44541 1126 14 of of IN 44541 1126 15 Professor Professor NNP 44541 1126 16 Wellhausen Wellhausen NNP 44541 1126 17 's 's POS 44541 1126 18 profound profound JJ 44541 1126 19 study study NN 44541 1126 20 . . . 44541 1126 21 ' ' '' 44541 1127 1 --_Publishers --_Publishers : 44541 1127 2 ' ' `` 44541 1127 3 Circular circular JJ 44541 1127 4 . . . 44541 1127 5 _ _ NNP 44541 1127 6 ' ' `` 44541 1127 7 We -PRON- PRP 44541 1127 8 would would MD 44541 1127 9 only only RB 44541 1127 10 say say VB 44541 1127 11 that that IN 44541 1127 12 those those DT 44541 1127 13 who who WP 44541 1127 14 differ differ VBP 44541 1127 15 from from IN 44541 1127 16 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 1127 17 critical critical JJ 44541 1127 18 views view NNS 44541 1127 19 will will MD 44541 1127 20 yet yet RB 44541 1127 21 do do VB 44541 1127 22 well well RB 44541 1127 23 to to TO 44541 1127 24 study study VB 44541 1127 25 them -PRON- PRP 44541 1127 26 , , , 44541 1127 27 and and CC 44541 1127 28 to to TO 44541 1127 29 read read VB 44541 1127 30 this this DT 44541 1127 31 history history NN 44541 1127 32 in in IN 44541 1127 33 which which WDT 44541 1127 34 he -PRON- PRP 44541 1127 35 applies apply VBZ 44541 1127 36 them -PRON- PRP 44541 1127 37 . . . 44541 1128 1 Its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 1128 2 separate separate JJ 44541 1128 3 publication publication NN 44541 1128 4 , , , 44541 1128 5 in in IN 44541 1128 6 a a DT 44541 1128 7 handy handy JJ 44541 1128 8 form form NN 44541 1128 9 and and CC 44541 1128 10 at at IN 44541 1128 11 a a DT 44541 1128 12 moderate moderate JJ 44541 1128 13 price price NN 44541 1128 14 , , , 44541 1128 15 makes make VBZ 44541 1128 16 it -PRON- PRP 44541 1128 17 generally generally RB 44541 1128 18 accessible accessible JJ 44541 1128 19 . . . 44541 1128 20 ' ' '' 44541 1129 1 --_North --_North : 44541 1129 2 British British NNP 44541 1129 3 Daily Daily NNP 44541 1129 4 Mail Mail NNP 44541 1129 5 . . . 44541 1129 6 _ _ NNP 44541 1129 7 ' ' '' 44541 1129 8 The the DT 44541 1129 9 publication publication NN 44541 1129 10 in in IN 44541 1129 11 a a DT 44541 1129 12 separate separate JJ 44541 1129 13 form form NN 44541 1129 14 of of IN 44541 1129 15 Professor Professor NNP 44541 1129 16 Wellhausen Wellhausen NNP 44541 1129 17 's 's POS 44541 1129 18 article article NN 44541 1129 19 in in IN 44541 1129 20 the the DT 44541 1129 21 " " `` 44541 1129 22 Encyclopædia Encyclopædia NNP 44541 1129 23 Britannica Britannica NNP 44541 1129 24 " " '' 44541 1129 25 on on IN 44541 1129 26 " " `` 44541 1129 27 Israel Israel NNP 44541 1129 28 " " `` 44541 1129 29 will will MD 44541 1129 30 be be VB 44541 1129 31 very very RB 44541 1129 32 warmly warmly RB 44541 1129 33 welcomed welcome VBN 44541 1129 34 by by IN 44541 1129 35 many many JJ 44541 1129 36 readers reader NNS 44541 1129 37 . . . 44541 1129 38 ' ' '' 44541 1130 1 --_Manchester --_Manchester : 44541 1130 2 Guardian Guardian NNP 44541 1130 3 . . . 44541 1130 4 _ _ NNP 44541 1130 5 ' ' `` 44541 1130 6 We -PRON- PRP 44541 1130 7 are be VBP 44541 1130 8 very very RB 44541 1130 9 glad glad JJ 44541 1130 10 to to TO 44541 1130 11 welcome welcome VB 44541 1130 12 an an DT 44541 1130 13 edition edition NN 44541 1130 14 of of IN 44541 1130 15 Professor Professor NNP 44541 1130 16 Wellhausen Wellhausen NNP 44541 1130 17 's 's POS 44541 1130 18 " " `` 44541 1130 19 Sketch Sketch NNP 44541 1130 20 of of IN 44541 1130 21 the the DT 44541 1130 22 History history NN 44541 1130 23 of of IN 44541 1130 24 Israel Israel NNP 44541 1130 25 and and CC 44541 1130 26 Judah Judah NNP 44541 1130 27 " " '' 44541 1130 28 in in IN 44541 1130 29 a a DT 44541 1130 30 convenient convenient JJ 44541 1130 31 and and CC 44541 1130 32 handy handy JJ 44541 1130 33 form form NN 44541 1130 34 . . . 44541 1131 1 This this DT 44541 1131 2 is be VBZ 44541 1131 3 the the DT 44541 1131 4 first first JJ 44541 1131 5 time time NN 44541 1131 6 it -PRON- PRP 44541 1131 7 has have VBZ 44541 1131 8 appeared appear VBN 44541 1131 9 in in IN 44541 1131 10 a a DT 44541 1131 11 separate separate JJ 44541 1131 12 form form NN 44541 1131 13 . . . 44541 1132 1 It -PRON- PRP 44541 1132 2 is be VBZ 44541 1132 3 already already RB 44541 1132 4 known know VBN 44541 1132 5 to to IN 44541 1132 6 students student NNS 44541 1132 7 ; ; : 44541 1132 8 it -PRON- PRP 44541 1132 9 ought ought MD 44541 1132 10 now now RB 44541 1132 11 to to TO 44541 1132 12 become become VB 44541 1132 13 popular popular JJ 44541 1132 14 . . . 44541 1133 1 It -PRON- PRP 44541 1133 2 is be VBZ 44541 1133 3 based base VBN 44541 1133 4 on on IN 44541 1133 5 the the DT 44541 1133 6 learned learn VBN 44541 1133 7 author author NN 44541 1133 8 's 's POS 44541 1133 9 studies study NNS 44541 1133 10 in in IN 44541 1133 11 Hebrew hebrew JJ 44541 1133 12 literature literature NN 44541 1133 13 and and CC 44541 1133 14 history history NN 44541 1133 15 , , , 44541 1133 16 and and CC 44541 1133 17 , , , 44541 1133 18 though though IN 44541 1133 19 not not RB 44541 1133 20 controversial controversial JJ 44541 1133 21 in in IN 44541 1133 22 form form NN 44541 1133 23 , , , 44541 1133 24 it -PRON- PRP 44541 1133 25 differs differ VBZ 44541 1133 26 totally totally RB 44541 1133 27 from from IN 44541 1133 28 orthodox orthodox JJ 44541 1133 29 presentations presentation NNS 44541 1133 30 of of IN 44541 1133 31 the the DT 44541 1133 32 subject subject NN 44541 1133 33 . . . 44541 1133 34 ' ' '' 44541 1134 1 --_Westminster --_Westminster : 44541 1134 2 Review Review NNP 44541 1134 3 . . . 44541 1134 4 _ _ NNP 44541 1134 5 ' ' '' 44541 1134 6 A a DT 44541 1134 7 sketch sketch NN 44541 1134 8 which which WDT 44541 1134 9 has have VBZ 44541 1134 10 created create VBN 44541 1134 11 such such JJ 44541 1134 12 widespread widespread JJ 44541 1134 13 and and CC 44541 1134 14 profound profound JJ 44541 1134 15 interest interest NN 44541 1134 16 as as IN 44541 1134 17 this this DT 44541 1134 18 could could MD 44541 1134 19 not not RB 44541 1134 20 be be VB 44541 1134 21 kept keep VBN 44541 1134 22 in in IN 44541 1134 23 the the DT 44541 1134 24 pages page NNS 44541 1134 25 of of IN 44541 1134 26 a a DT 44541 1134 27 voluminous voluminous JJ 44541 1134 28 encyclopædia encyclopædia NN 44541 1134 29 . . . 44541 1135 1 Wellhausen Wellhausen NNP 44541 1135 2 's 's POS 44541 1135 3 words word NNS 44541 1135 4 necessarily necessarily RB 44541 1135 5 have have VBP 44541 1135 6 exceptional exceptional JJ 44541 1135 7 importance importance NN 44541 1135 8 , , , 44541 1135 9 even even RB 44541 1135 10 in in IN 44541 1135 11 the the DT 44541 1135 12 esteem esteem NN 44541 1135 13 of of IN 44541 1135 14 those those DT 44541 1135 15 who who WP 44541 1135 16 differ differ VBP 44541 1135 17 from from IN 44541 1135 18 him -PRON- PRP 44541 1135 19 _ _ NNP 44541 1135 20 toto toto NN 44541 1135 21 coelo coelo NNP 44541 1135 22 _ _ NNP 44541 1135 23 . . . 44541 1135 24 ' ' '' 44541 1136 1 --_Baptist --_Baptist : 44541 1136 2 Magazine Magazine NNP 44541 1136 3 . . . 44541 1136 4 _ _ NNP 44541 1136 5 ' ' '' 44541 1136 6 The the DT 44541 1136 7 profound profound JJ 44541 1136 8 scholarship scholarship NN 44541 1136 9 of of IN 44541 1136 10 the the DT 44541 1136 11 author author NN 44541 1136 12 does do VBZ 44541 1136 13 not not RB 44541 1136 14 elevate elevate VB 44541 1136 15 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 1136 16 writing writing NN 44541 1136 17 above above IN 44541 1136 18 the the DT 44541 1136 19 interest interest NN 44541 1136 20 of of IN 44541 1136 21 the the DT 44541 1136 22 general general JJ 44541 1136 23 reader reader NN 44541 1136 24 , , , 44541 1136 25 and and CC 44541 1136 26 a a DT 44541 1136 27 vivid vivid JJ 44541 1136 28 idea idea NN 44541 1136 29 of of IN 44541 1136 30 the the DT 44541 1136 31 involved involved JJ 44541 1136 32 Jewish jewish JJ 44541 1136 33 history history NN 44541 1136 34 is be VBZ 44541 1136 35 obtainable obtainable JJ 44541 1136 36 from from IN 44541 1136 37 this this DT 44541 1136 38 volume volume NN 44541 1136 39 . . . 44541 1136 40 ' ' '' 44541 1137 1 --_Christian --_Christian : 44541 1137 2 Advocate advocate NN 44541 1137 3 . . . 44541 1137 4 _ _ NNP 44541 1137 5 LONDON LONDON NNP 44541 1137 6 : : : 44541 1137 7 ADAM ADAM NNP 44541 1137 8 & & CC 44541 1137 9 CHARLES CHARLES NNP 44541 1137 10 BLACK BLACK NNP 44541 1137 11 , , , 44541 1137 12 SOHO SOHO NNP 44541 1137 13 SQUARE SQUARE NNP 44541 1137 14 . . . 44541 1138 1 _ _ NNP 44541 1138 2 Demy Demy NNP 44541 1138 3 8vo 8vo NN 44541 1138 4 . . NNP 44541 1138 5 , , , 44541 1138 6 boards board NNS 44541 1138 7 , , , 44541 1138 8 price price NN 44541 1138 9 3s 3s NN 44541 1138 10 . . . 44541 1139 1 6d 6d NNP 44541 1139 2 . . . 44541 1140 1 net net NN 44541 1140 2 . . . 44541 1140 3 _ _ NNP 44541 1140 4 A a DT 44541 1140 5 CLASSIFICATION classification NN 44541 1140 6 OF of IN 44541 1140 7 VERTEBRATA VERTEBRATA NNP 44541 1140 8 , , , 44541 1140 9 RECENT recent JJ 44541 1140 10 AND and CC 44541 1140 11 EXTINCT EXTINCT NNS 44541 1140 12 . . . 44541 1141 1 With with IN 44541 1141 2 Diagnoses Diagnoses NNPS 44541 1141 3 and and CC 44541 1141 4 Definitions definition NNS 44541 1141 5 , , , 44541 1141 6 a a DT 44541 1141 7 Chapter chapter NN 44541 1141 8 on on IN 44541 1141 9 Geographical Geographical NNP 44541 1141 10 Distribution Distribution NNP 44541 1141 11 , , , 44541 1141 12 and and CC 44541 1141 13 an an DT 44541 1141 14 Etymological Etymological NNP 44541 1141 15 Index Index NNP 44541 1141 16 . . . 44541 1142 1 By by IN 44541 1142 2 HANS HANS NNP 44541 1142 3 GADOW GADOW NNP 44541 1142 4 , , , 44541 1142 5 M.A. M.A. NNP 44541 1142 6 , , , 44541 1142 7 PH.D. PH.D. NNP 44541 1142 8 , , , 44541 1142 9 F.R.S. F.R.S. NNP 44541 1142 10 , , , 44541 1142 11 STRICKLAND STRICKLAND NNP 44541 1142 12 CURATOR CURATOR NNS 44541 1142 13 AND and CC 44541 1142 14 LECTURER LECTURER VBG 44541 1142 15 ON on IN 44541 1142 16 ZOOLOGY ZOOLOGY NNP 44541 1142 17 TO to IN 44541 1142 18 THE the DT 44541 1142 19 UNIVERSITY UNIVERSITY NNP 44541 1142 20 , , , 44541 1142 21 CAMBRIDGE CAMBRIDGE NNP 44541 1142 22 . . . 44541 1143 1 ' ' `` 44541 1143 2 At at IN 44541 1143 3 the the DT 44541 1143 4 end end NN 44541 1143 5 of of IN 44541 1143 6 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 1143 7 work work NN 44541 1143 8 Dr. Dr. NNP 44541 1143 9 Gadow Gadow NNP 44541 1143 10 adds add VBZ 44541 1143 11 a a DT 44541 1143 12 useful useful JJ 44541 1143 13 chapter chapter NN 44541 1143 14 on on IN 44541 1143 15 the the DT 44541 1143 16 geographical geographical JJ 44541 1143 17 distribution distribution NN 44541 1143 18 of of IN 44541 1143 19 the the DT 44541 1143 20 Vertebrata Vertebrata NNP 44541 1143 21 , , , 44541 1143 22 with with IN 44541 1143 23 a a DT 44541 1143 24 table table NN 44541 1143 25 showing show VBG 44541 1143 26 the the DT 44541 1143 27 approximate approximate JJ 44541 1143 28 number number NN 44541 1143 29 of of IN 44541 1143 30 the the DT 44541 1143 31 known know VBN 44541 1143 32 recent recent JJ 44541 1143 33 species specie NNS 44541 1143 34 . . . 44541 1144 1 He -PRON- PRP 44541 1144 2 also also RB 44541 1144 3 gives give VBZ 44541 1144 4 a a DT 44541 1144 5 fanciful fanciful JJ 44541 1144 6 though though IN 44541 1144 7 striking strike VBG 44541 1144 8 calculation calculation NN 44541 1144 9 to to TO 44541 1144 10 show show VB 44541 1144 11 how how WRB 44541 1144 12 some some DT 44541 1144 13 groups group NNS 44541 1144 14 are be VBP 44541 1144 15 still still RB 44541 1144 16 in in IN 44541 1144 17 the the DT 44541 1144 18 ascendant ascendant NN 44541 1144 19 , , , 44541 1144 20 while while IN 44541 1144 21 others other NNS 44541 1144 22 are be VBP 44541 1144 23 distinctly distinctly RB 44541 1144 24 declining decline VBG 44541 1144 25 . . . 44541 1145 1 The the DT 44541 1145 2 little little JJ 44541 1145 3 volume volume NN 44541 1145 4 is be VBZ 44541 1145 5 indeed indeed RB 44541 1145 6 a a DT 44541 1145 7 welcome welcome JJ 44541 1145 8 addition addition NN 44541 1145 9 to to IN 44541 1145 10 the the DT 44541 1145 11 biological biological JJ 44541 1145 12 student student NN 44541 1145 13 's 's POS 44541 1145 14 library library NN 44541 1145 15 , , , 44541 1145 16 and and CC 44541 1145 17 it -PRON- PRP 44541 1145 18 deserves deserve VBZ 44541 1145 19 the the DT 44541 1145 20 wide wide JJ 44541 1145 21 circulation circulation NN 44541 1145 22 which which WDT 44541 1145 23 its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 1145 24 author author NN 44541 1145 25 's 's POS 44541 1145 26 eminence eminence NN 44541 1145 27 is be VBZ 44541 1145 28 likely likely JJ 44541 1145 29 to to TO 44541 1145 30 ensure ensure VB 44541 1145 31 for for IN 44541 1145 32 it -PRON- PRP 44541 1145 33 . . . 44541 1145 34 ' ' '' 44541 1146 1 --_Natural --_Natural : 44541 1146 2 Science science NN 44541 1146 3 . . . 44541 1146 4 _ _ NNP 44541 1146 5 ' ' '' 44541 1146 6 It -PRON- PRP 44541 1146 7 is be VBZ 44541 1146 8 a a DT 44541 1146 9 book book NN 44541 1146 10 , , , 44541 1146 11 it -PRON- PRP 44541 1146 12 need nee MD 44541 1146 13 hardly hardly RB 44541 1146 14 be be VB 44541 1146 15 said say VBN 44541 1146 16 , , , 44541 1146 17 for for IN 44541 1146 18 the the DT 44541 1146 19 student student NN 44541 1146 20 ; ; : 44541 1146 21 it -PRON- PRP 44541 1146 22 is be VBZ 44541 1146 23 simply simply RB 44541 1146 24 a a DT 44541 1146 25 list list NN 44541 1146 26 of of IN 44541 1146 27 the the DT 44541 1146 28 principal principal JJ 44541 1146 29 sub sub NN 44541 1146 30 - - NNS 44541 1146 31 divisions division NNS 44541 1146 32 of of IN 44541 1146 33 backboned backbone VBN 44541 1146 34 animals animal NNS 44541 1146 35 , , , 44541 1146 36 with with IN 44541 1146 37 just just RB 44541 1146 38 as as RB 44541 1146 39 much much JJ 44541 1146 40 definition definition NN 44541 1146 41 as as IN 44541 1146 42 is be VBZ 44541 1146 43 needed need VBN 44541 1146 44 . . . 44541 1147 1 It -PRON- PRP 44541 1147 2 may may MD 44541 1147 3 be be VB 44541 1147 4 regarded regard VBN 44541 1147 5 as as IN 44541 1147 6 an an DT 44541 1147 7 exceedingly exceedingly RB 44541 1147 8 concentrated concentrated JJ 44541 1147 9 extract extract NN 44541 1147 10 of of IN 44541 1147 11 a a DT 44541 1147 12 full full JJ 44541 1147 13 text text NN 44541 1147 14 - - HYPH 44541 1147 15 book book NN 44541 1147 16 of of IN 44541 1147 17 the the DT 44541 1147 18 vertebrates vertebrate NNS 44541 1147 19 . . . 44541 1147 20 ' ' '' 44541 1148 1 --_Daily --_Daily : 44541 1148 2 Chronicle Chronicle NNP 44541 1148 3 . . . 44541 1148 4 _ _ NNP 44541 1148 5 _ _ NNP 44541 1148 6 Demy Demy NNP 44541 1148 7 8vo 8vo NNP 44541 1148 8 . . NNP 44541 1148 9 , , , 44541 1148 10 cloth cloth NN 44541 1148 11 , , , 44541 1148 12 price price NN 44541 1148 13 21s 21 NNS 44541 1148 14 . . . 44541 1148 15 _ _ NNP 44541 1148 16 IN in IN 44541 1148 17 NORTHERN NORTHERN NNP 44541 1148 18 SPAIN SPAIN NNP 44541 1148 19 . . . 44541 1149 1 By by IN 44541 1149 2 Dr. Dr. NNP 44541 1149 3 HANS HANS NNP 44541 1149 4 GADOW GADOW NNP 44541 1149 5 , , , 44541 1149 6 M.A. M.A. NNP 44541 1149 7 , , , 44541 1149 8 PH.D. PH.D. NNP 44541 1149 9 , , , 44541 1149 10 F.R.S. F.R.S. NNP 44541 1150 1 _ _ NNP 44541 1150 2 Containing Containing NNP 44541 1150 3 Map Map NNP 44541 1150 4 and and CC 44541 1150 5 89 89 CD 44541 1150 6 Illustrations Illustrations NNPS 44541 1150 7 . . . 44541 1150 8 _ _ IN 44541 1150 9 ' ' `` 44541 1150 10 Some some DT 44541 1150 11 years year NNS 44541 1150 12 back back VBP 44541 1150 13 " " `` 44541 1150 14 Wild Wild NNP 44541 1150 15 Spain Spain NNP 44541 1150 16 , , , 44541 1150 17 " " `` 44541 1150 18 one one CD 44541 1150 19 of of IN 44541 1150 20 the the DT 44541 1150 21 best good JJS 44541 1150 22 books book NNS 44541 1150 23 of of IN 44541 1150 24 its -PRON- PRP$ 44541 1150 25 kind kind NN 44541 1150 26 , , , 44541 1150 27 made make VBD 44541 1150 28 you -PRON- PRP 44541 1150 29 desirous desirous JJ 44541 1150 30 of of IN 44541 1150 31 knowing know VBG 44541 1150 32 more more JJR 44541 1150 33 of of IN 44541 1150 34 the the DT 44541 1150 35 country country NN 44541 1150 36 . . . 44541 1151 1 And and CC 44541 1151 2 Hans Hans NNP 44541 1151 3 Gadow Gadow NNP 44541 1151 4 has have VBZ 44541 1151 5 deepened deepen VBN 44541 1151 6 this this DT 44541 1151 7 feeling feeling NN 44541 1151 8 in in IN 44541 1151 9 his -PRON- PRP$ 44541 1151 10 excellent excellent JJ 44541 1151 11 volume volume NN 44541 1151 12 " " `` 44541 1151 13 In in IN 44541 1151 14 Northern Northern NNP 44541 1151 15 Spain Spain NNP 44541 1151 16 , , , 44541 1151 17 " " '' 44541 1151 18 and and CC 44541 1151 19 that that DT 44541 1151 20 to to IN 44541 1151 21 an an DT 44541 1151 22 enormous enormous JJ 44541 1151 23 extent extent NN 44541 1151 24 . . . 44541 1152 1 Dwelling dwell VBG 44541 1152 2 at at IN 44541 1152 3 inn inn NN 44541 1152 4 or or CC 44541 1152 5 farm farm NN 44541 1152 6 , , , 44541 1152 7 or or CC 44541 1152 8 in in IN 44541 1152 9 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 1152 10 own own JJ 44541 1152 11 tent tent NN 44541 1152 12 , , , 44541 1152 13 they -PRON- PRP 44541 1152 14 saw see VBD 44541 1152 15 the the DT 44541 1152 16 country country NN 44541 1152 17 as as IN 44541 1152 18 it -PRON- PRP 44541 1152 19 has have VBZ 44541 1152 20 been be VBN 44541 1152 21 seen see VBN 44541 1152 22 but but CC 44541 1152 23 rarely rarely RB 44541 1152 24 , , , 44541 1152 25 and and CC 44541 1152 26 they -PRON- PRP 44541 1152 27 came come VBD 44541 1152 28 to to TO 44541 1152 29 know know VB 44541 1152 30 the the DT 44541 1152 31 inhabitants inhabitant NNS 44541 1152 32 as as IN 44541 1152 33 they -PRON- PRP 44541 1152 34 can can MD 44541 1152 35 be be VB 44541 1152 36 known know VBN 44541 1152 37 in in IN 44541 1152 38 no no DT 44541 1152 39 other other JJ 44541 1152 40 fashion fashion NN 44541 1152 41 . . . 44541 1152 42 ' ' '' 44541 1153 1 --_Black --_Black : 44541 1153 2 and and CC 44541 1153 3 White White NNP 44541 1153 4 . . . 44541 1153 5 _ _ NNP 44541 1153 6 ' ' '' 44541 1153 7 To to IN 44541 1153 8 persons person NNS 44541 1153 9 visiting visit VBG 44541 1153 10 the the DT 44541 1153 11 provinces province NNS 44541 1153 12 with with IN 44541 1153 13 which which WDT 44541 1153 14 the the DT 44541 1153 15 author author NN 44541 1153 16 deals deal VBZ 44541 1153 17 , , , 44541 1153 18 this this DT 44541 1153 19 book book NN 44541 1153 20 will will MD 44541 1153 21 be be VB 44541 1153 22 invaluable invaluable JJ 44541 1153 23 , , , 44541 1153 24 and and CC 44541 1153 25 will will MD 44541 1153 26 do do VB 44541 1153 27 more more JJR 44541 1153 28 to to TO 44541 1153 29 point point VB 44541 1153 30 their -PRON- PRP$ 44541 1153 31 attention attention NN 44541 1153 32 to to IN 44541 1153 33 objects object NNS 44541 1153 34 of of IN 44541 1153 35 interest interest NN 44541 1153 36 than than IN 44541 1153 37 existing exist VBG 44541 1153 38 guide guide NN 44541 1153 39 - - HYPH 44541 1153 40 books book NNS 44541 1153 41 of of IN 44541 1153 42 Spain Spain NNP 44541 1153 43 , , , 44541 1153 44 most most JJS 44541 1153 45 of of IN 44541 1153 46 which which WDT 44541 1153 47 are be VBP 44541 1153 48 out out IN 44541 1153 49 of of IN 44541 1153 50 date date NN 44541 1153 51 . . . 44541 1153 52 ' ' '' 44541 1154 1 --_The --_The : 44541 1154 2 Field field NN 44541 1154 3 . . . 44541 1154 4 _ _ NNP 44541 1154 5 ' ' `` 44541 1154 6 About about IN 44541 1154 7 the the DT 44541 1154 8 best good JJS 44541 1154 9 book book NN 44541 1154 10 of of IN 44541 1154 11 European european JJ 44541 1154 12 travel travel NN 44541 1154 13 that that WDT 44541 1154 14 has have VBZ 44541 1154 15 appeared appear VBN 44541 1154 16 these these DT 44541 1154 17 many many JJ 44541 1154 18 years year NNS 44541 1154 19 . . . 44541 1154 20 ' ' '' 44541 1155 1 --_Literary --_Literary : 44541 1155 2 World World NNP 44541 1155 3 . . . 44541 1155 4 _ _ NNP 44541 1155 5 LONDON LONDON NNP 44541 1155 6 : : : 44541 1155 7 ADAM ADAM NNP 44541 1155 8 & & CC 44541 1155 9 CHARLES CHARLES NNP 44541 1155 10 BLACK BLACK NNP 44541 1155 11 , , , 44541 1155 12 SOHO SOHO NNP 44541 1155 13 SQUARE SQUARE NNP 44541 1155 14 . . . 44541 1156 1 Transcriber Transcriber NNP 44541 1156 2 's 's POS 44541 1156 3 Notes Notes NNP 44541 1156 4 Variations Variations NNPS 44541 1156 5 in in IN 44541 1156 6 spelling spelling NN 44541 1156 7 , , , 44541 1156 8 punctuation punctuation NN 44541 1156 9 and and CC 44541 1156 10 hyphenation hyphenation NN 44541 1156 11 have have VBP 44541 1156 12 been be VBN 44541 1156 13 retained retain VBN 44541 1156 14 except except IN 44541 1156 15 in in IN 44541 1156 16 obvious obvious JJ 44541 1156 17 cases case NNS 44541 1156 18 of of IN 44541 1156 19 typographical typographical JJ 44541 1156 20 errors error NNS 44541 1156 21 . . . 44541 1157 1 Inconsistent inconsistent JJ 44541 1157 2 hyphenation hyphenation NN 44541 1157 3 and and CC 44541 1157 4 spelling spelling NN 44541 1157 5 are be VBP 44541 1157 6 as as IN 44541 1157 7 in in IN 44541 1157 8 the the DT 44541 1157 9 oringinal oringinal NN 44541 1157 10 . . . 44541 1158 1 Italics italic NNS 44541 1158 2 are be VBP 44541 1158 3 shown show VBN 44541 1158 4 thus thus RB 44541 1158 5 _ _ NNP 44541 1158 6 italic italic JJ 44541 1158 7 _ _ NNP 44541 1158 8 and and CC 44541 1158 9 underline underline NNP 44541 1158 10 thus thus RB 44541 1158 11 * * NFP 44541 1158 12 underline underline NNP 44541 1158 13 * * NFP 44541 1158 14 . . .