An appendix unto the homily against images in churches, by Edm: Gurnay Bachelour in Divinity, and minister of Gods Word at Harpley in Norfolk Gurnay, Edmund, d. 1648. This text is an enriched version of the TCP digital transcription A42351 of text R217436 in the English Short Title Catalog (Wing G2259A). Textual changes and metadata enrichments aim at making the text more computationally tractable, easier to read, and suitable for network-based collaborative curation by amateur and professional end users from many walks of life. The text has been tokenized and linguistically annotated with MorphAdorner. The annotation includes standard spellings that support the display of a text in a standardized format that preserves archaic forms ('loveth', 'seekest'). Textual changes aim at restoring the text the author or stationer meant to publish. This text has not been fully proofread Approx. 62 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 49 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. EarlyPrint Project Evanston,IL, Notre Dame, IN, St. Louis, MO 2017 A42351 Wing G2259A ESTC R217436 99829102 99829102 33538 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A42351) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 33538) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1641-1700 ; 1988:5) An appendix unto the homily against images in churches, by Edm: Gurnay Bachelour in Divinity, and minister of Gods Word at Harpley in Norfolk Gurnay, Edmund, d. 1648. Gurnay, Edmund, d. 1648. aut [4], 94 p. printed by A.N. for J. Rothwel at the Sun in Pauls Church-yard, London : 1641. An appendix to Gurnay's Toward the vindication of the Second Commandment. Reproduction of the original in the Magdalene College Library, Cambridge. eng Idols and images -- Early works to 1800. A42351 R217436 (Wing G2259A). civilwar no An appendix unto the homily against images in churches, by Edm: Gurnay Bachelour in Divinity, and minister of Gods Word at Harpley in Norfol Gurnay, Edmund 1641 10565 668 0 0 0 1 0 642 F The rate of 642 defects per 10,000 words puts this text in the F category of texts with 100 or more defects per 10,000 words. 2007-11 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2008-04 SPi Global Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2008-05 Judith Siefring Sampled and proofread 2008-05 Judith Siefring Text and markup reviewed and edited 2008-09 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion AN APPENDIX UNTO THE HOMILY Against Images in Churches , By EDM : GURNAY Bachelour in Divinity , and Minister of Gods Word at Harpley in Norfolk . AUGUST . de Civit , Dei , Lib. 1. C. 3. Vtile est ut plures libri à pluribus fiant , etiam de quaestionibus eisdem . LONDON , Printed by A.N. for J. Rothwel at the Sun in Pauls Church-yard , 1641. TO The Honored and Judicious Sir JOHN HOBART ; Knight Baronet , As also unto the Noble and vertuous the Lady FRANCES his Wife , I humbly dedicate these ensuing endevours in the LORD . AN APPENDIX UNTO THE Homily against IMAGES IN Churches NEither an Idlenesse nor yet a rashnesse can it be esteemed in any under the Government of the Church of England to write or speak against the Images ; the pronenesse of the Times to advance them , making it rather an act of necessity then of idlenesse to oppose them ; and the expresnesse of our Church doctrine against them making ●t rather an act of Authority then of rashnesse utterly to deface them . How expresse and positive the doctrine of our Church is against them , our English Homily entitled Against the perill of idolatry , abundantly declareth ; And that sufficiently in any of these ensuing parcels therof : As first in these words : To conclude , It appeareth evidently by all Stories , and writing , and experience , that neither preaching , neither writing , nor the consent of the Learned , nor the Authoritie of the Godly , nor the Decrees of Councils , nor the Laws of Princes , nor extreame punishment of the offenders in that behalfe , nor any other remedie or meanes can helpe against Idolatry if Images be suffered publikely : Libro Homil. Tom. 2. Homil. 2. part . 3. p. 60. Impres . ult. Secondly , left wee should think that it excepted only against Heathen images , it addeth further in these words : All those names of abomination , which God● Word in the holy Scripture giveth unto the Idols of the Gentiles , the same appertain also to our Images set up in our Churches , and unto the makers and maintainers thereof , pag. 80. And finally , lest we should think that it did except only against the Images of ordinary and inferiour persons , and not against the Images of Canonized Saints and persons of speciall reckoning , it hath a proviso to that purpose in these words : The Images of God , our Saviour , the Virgine , the Apostles , Martyrs , and others of notable holinesse , are of all others the most dangerous , and therefore of all other , greatest care ought to be had hat none of them be suffered to stand publickely in Temples and Churches . pag. 66. On the other side , what a pronenesse there is in the Times to advance them this alone may be argument sufficient , in that , notwithstanding the so peremptory determination of our Church against them , they bee neverthelesse still retained , and also , for one pretense or other more and more multiplyed and advanced . In this therefore so palpable a Schisme betwixt doctrine & practice , my duty binding me , and my judgment serving mee to side with the doctrine , my desire is to exercise my pen as my Title imported ; and my purpose is to confine my paines unto the making answer unto only two of those allegatiōs , which use to bee made in the behalfe of Church-images , and they shall be these : 1 That Images do greatly adorn & beautifie Churches . 2 That they furnish the dead with Tombes and Monuments . For though it also use to bee pleaded in their behalfe , that they are speciall good to give instruction , and also toward the quickning of devotion : yet because wee have already ( toward the vindication of the second Commandement ) made particular answers unto those allegations ; we will wholly for this time confine our selves unto those two premised . 1 To the first of them , then , which pleadeth how greatly they adorn and beautifie Churches , we answer ; First , that in the prophecie of Esay the Lord saith thus ; a Yee shall defile the covering of thy graven Images of silver , and the ornament of thy molten Images of gold ; thou shalt cast them away as a menstruous cloth , thou shalt say unto them get thee hence : And in the prophecie of Ezechiel wee read thus ; b As for the beautie of his ornament , hee set it in majesty : but they have made the Images of their abominations , and of their detestable things therein . Secondly , it is a necessary condition in an ornament that it be without scandall ; but Images in Churches are not without scandall : therefore Images in Churches are no Ornaments . Touching the ground of this our argument , namely that Ornaments must not bee scandalous , it is no more then the generall rule of Justice doth require . For life must always be preferred before beautie , as c life is more worth then meat , and the body then rayment : whereupon it fairly follows that the things which indāger life , especially the spirituall life , must rather bee forborne then the things which serve only for beautie & ornament , procured therewith : yea , the Apostle esteems it a d warn of Charity if a man had not rather sometime part with his food then be the cause of another mans sinne . Now that Images are scandalous things in Churches , it is many wayes apparent . For ( first ) there being an unreasonable pronenesse in the heart of man to sinne by Images , even to the bowing down unto them , and committing spirituall fornication with them ; It must needs be that the setting up such kind of sights in those kind of places where persons that are spiritually incontinent are allowed ( yea and bound ) to repaire , will prove a palpable incensment and provocation thereunto ; especially when as such kinde of pollution is apt to be committed through the meere aspect of the outward Eye , and that without the privity or knowledge of the neerest slander by . Surely if incontinent persons should be invited unto such kind of houses as had every corner stuffed with bagages for such purposes , and such also as were not able to say thē nay ( for such kind of things wear sure are Images ) were it not a most ready way to provoke such kind of iniquity ? Secondly wee reade in the prophet Ezechiel that when e the people of Israell did see the Images of the Caldeās portrayed up●● the City wals , girded with gir●les about their loynes , exceeding ● dyed attire like Princes , &c. ●●ey entred into the Bed of love with them : And therefore when our people shall see the images , not of Infidels and profane persons , but of most holy Saints , in like manner pourtrayed , and that not up●n common wals , but upon he walls and most eminent places of holy Temples , Is it not to be feared that spirituall dotage will insue thereupon even to the entring into the Bed of love with them ? For admit that the dotage of those Isralites which the prophet report of was not upon the Images but upon the persons which those Images did represent : yet when such persons were once dead , or so far distant as that their lover● could not enjoy them , will not the dotage in the end rather double it selfe upon the Image then any way expire● or abate ? Thirdly , to attribute unto Images the name and title of Church-ornaments , is a ready way to conferre holinesse upon them : For if the Temple be holy , shal not the ornaments of the Temple challenge holinesse ? Scandalous therefore it must needs be , if not plainly idolatrous , to give so much as the terme of Church-ornaments 〈◊〉 ●ages . Fourthly , to ●mages in our English ●es must needs bee ●ous , in a speciall man●nely , for that the au●ed Doctrine of our ●h is most palpably ●ned by the meanes . ●e Booke of Homilies , in Church Images are ●emptorily determined ● , not only is at this ● full force , but also a● fourescore yeeres since ●●mpiled , and ever since ● beene , both by Convo●●s confirmed , by Parlia● established , and by Vi● from time to time in●ed , and finally by a Su●●e Edict ( not twenty yeeres since ) prescribe● pattern and Boundary fo● Preachers & Minister ; ● are not they , then , culp● of capitall Scandall w● will contrary those Hom● within the bounds of ● Government where ● have bin so long authori●● Or is there any thing 〈◊〉 scandalous ( not to say 〈◊〉 pestilent and impious ) the ● contemne Authoritie ? ●ly , they are in an other re● most scandalous within ● Bounds of England , nam● for that they afford a pro●●ble plea for Recusancy ; ● may not the Recusant 〈◊〉 plead ; It is impossible t● void Idolatry in those Ch●●here Images are suffe● the judgment of your ●ly ; But in your English ●●hes , Images are suffe●●●erefore it is impossible ●id Idolatry in your ●h Churches , by the ●ment of your Homily : ●ave wee not then good ● to refraine your Chur● Sixtly , the Lord ex● tels us , that his ●hall bee called the house of● ; But what more of●●e unto prayer then the ●●tes of the outward eie ? ● therefore shutting ( or ●ng ) their eys when they ●e to be fervent at that ex● ▪ For the invisible God though otherwise never s● lawfull , being bound to giv● place to scandall , wherewit● nothing but necessitie ( against which there is no remedie ) i● able to dispense . Indeed i● there were any kind of necessitie for the setting up Image in Churches wee grant tha● scandalousnesse were no suff●cient exception against them ▪ But who ever pleaded any kind of necessity for any kin● of Images in Churches ▪ For wee may both sing an● say , heare , preach , and pra● ( which are all the Churc● duties of necessitie requirable ) not only without the helpe of Images , but als● without the helpe of our ve●● but also without the help of our very eyes and though we were stark blind . Secondly , ●dmit there were a necessitie ●f outward ornature in a Temple , yet is there no ne●essitie of Images for such a ●urpose : witnesse that so beautifull Temple of Solo●on which had not an Image to be seene ( though in those Typicall times ) in that part of the Temple where the Congregation assembled . Wit●esse also our Booke of Homilies , which though it admits of no Images in Chur●hes , yet hath it a speciall ●omily intitled for the comly ●dorning of Churches . We conclude therefore , since Images are so scandalous sights in Churches , and no kind of necessity does inforce the setting up of any kinde of Images in Churches ; therefore they must not bee set up in Churches for meere ornament sake ; all ornature though never so lawful being a matter of redundance , and not of necessitie ; things being apt to be sound and substantiall , though beautifull they be not . 3 A third Argument against the allegation shall be this ; All ornature is a kind of beauty ; and al beauty is h Flos formae resultantis in materia , ●hat is , such a kind of flourish 〈◊〉 does result out of the fulnes and ●●perabundance of inward vigour : ●t being otherwise no true beauty indeed , but only a kind of Jay-like , furtive , and ●surped weed ; or like the ●uddy tincture of a face which proceeds not from the ●ife and spirit of the face , but only from some outward fal●ification and infection upon the Face . If therefore these Images bee any true ornaments unto Temples they must proceed from the peculiar nature and property of a Temple . But doe they so ? Can they grow out of no ●tones but the stones of Temples ? Can they hang upon no walles but the walles of Temples ? Yea , what walles so common , rotten , or prophane , but Images can bee content to be playstered upon them , hang'd and drawne round about them ? they being indeed the very Sperme and spawne of places most contrary unto Temples , namely , the Temples of Idolaters ; Quorum ( as a i Father saith ) quanto sunt ornatiora templa , & pulchriora simulachra , tant● plus majestatis haebe●e creduntur : that is , Whose Temples the more adorned they are , and the more goodly their Images , the more majesticall they are supposed . The Scripture also testifying as much when it tels us , how the Heathens boasted that their Images did excell the Images of Jerusalem and Samaria : As also when it ●ermeth Idolatry l a wel-favord ●arlot , it gives us to understand , that meer outward and forged beauty is a Robe most proper to Idolatry : whereof our Homily gives a faire reason when it saith , m That Idolatry being of her self an old , foul , ●lihy and withered Harlot , and understanding her lack of true ●aturall beauty , doth paint , and deck , and tire her self with gold , ●arle , stone , and all kind of pre●ious Jewels , the better to please and intice her foolish lovers , &c. 4 Fourthly , it is a necessary condition unto an ornament , that it be delightfull in the eyes of those for whom it is intended . For all ornature and beautie is a kinde of excellencie ; and excellencie does suppose and require a degree of goodnes more then meere necessitie does inforce . Now there being three degrees of goodnesse , namely , lawfulnesse , profitablenesse , and delightsomnesse ; and the two first being of necessity required in every thing that is admitted into a Temple ; It follows that nothing can be esteemed for an ornament in a Temple , unlesse it hath that third degree of goodnesse , namely , delightsomenesse . And that the two first of these degrees namely lawfulnesse and profitablenesse are of necessitie required in every thing that is endured in a Temple , it is easie to declare . For first , unlesse a thing be lawfull , it is not in any place to bee indured , whether in a Temple or without the Temple ; Inhonestum & Impossibile being esteemed all one , in morall estates . And then in the second place unlesse it bee also profitable it must not be allowed in a Temple , even by that rule of Scripture which appointeth that n All things in Churches be done to edifying : though our Homily doth not attribute unto Images in Churches , so much as profitablenes , when it saith , o Such decking of Temples hath nothing profited the wise , but greatly hurt the simple and unwise . And therefore the things which have not attained unto that third degree of goodnesse , namely delightsomnesse , cannot be reputed amongst ornaments within the compasse of Churches . It is true indeed and easily granted , that Images in time and place are delightfull enough ; the Scripture also acknowledging so much when it upbraideth the people by their pleasing pi●tures ; they being pleasing ●ights in the eyes of flesh and ●loud , even when the beholder does not know what they mean ; — Rerumque ignarus imagine gaudet , saith the Poet : But the things which are delightfull at one time are not of necessitie delightfull at all times ; and in all places . For such we know ●s the force of time , place , persons , and other circum●tances , as that the things which at one time are never ●o delightfull , may at another time be most hateful by their means . Yea , things that are never so lawfull , may by the power of circumstance bee found unlawfull and intolerable . Surely to hire a farme , prove oxen , marry wives , &c. are no doubt in themselves lawfull enough : But when the Redeemers marriage cannot be celebrated unlesse those kinde of businesses bee omitted : then doe they become culpable of impietie and high cōtempt . Likewise to receive money , Vineyards , Olive-trees , &c. are actions in themselves lawfull enough ; But when the minding such matters might have hazarded the conversion of that Syrian Prince , was it then a time for Gehezi to receive money , Vineyards , Olive-trees , & c ? Before therefore that it be granted that Images are delightfull sights in Churches , it must first be resolved whether the circumstances doe concurre which are necessary toward the making a thing delightful , or not : And amongst those Circumstances one of them is this ; Seasonablenesse and Sutablenesse . For though necessitie does not stand upon it , whether a thing be in Season or out of Season ; yet pleasure and delight are of that ticklenesse and delicacie as the unlesse the Season concurres it will not take : q A tale out of Season being like musique in mourning ; and candidus in Nauta turpis color ; a faire face though in it self so pleasing a sight , yet in a Sayler , or in a person whose profession it is to wrastle with the weather , it is thought an ill-favoured sight , and no better then a Ring of Gold in a Swines snowt : As on the contrary , Dustie faces in Souldiers ( r non indecoro pulvere sordidis ) when they returne from the chace of their enemies , are sights not uncomely . Say then ; are Images such seasonable sights in Churches ? or are they so sutable unto such kinde of places ? Things which are so discrepant from the nature of God , and so apt to provoke the jealousie of God as wee have formerly noted , are such things so seasonable sights in the Houses of God ? Things which doe so distemper and confound prayer , are such things so seasonable in the Houses of Prayer ? Surely when a man after a weary journey hath taken up his lodging , and is falne into a sweet sleep ; If some of his neighbors should come and awake him , only to bid him good morrow , were that a seasonable good morrow ? Or while a man is waiting to put up a petition unto his Prince , if some of his companions should come and call him to a May game , were that a seasonable motion ? Even ●o likewise when all the powers of the minde lie couching at the doore of the heart , whereby to attaine some glance of the invisible God ; Shall those be seasonable sights which doe allure those powers and spirits an other way , even to the doore of the outward Eye ? But wee expect it will bee objected , that howsoever unto some kind of dispositions , such kinde of sights will not be acceptable , nor worthy to be reckoned amongst Church ornaments , yet because our vulgar , and little ones , doe not stand upon such nice respects , as Seasonablenesse & Sutablenesse , but are apt to be taken with their delights wheresoever they find them : Therefore toward the better alluring such little ones unto Gods Houses , it may stand with good discretion and policie to set forth those Houses with such kind of sights , and consequently to esteeme those kind of sights amongst Temple ornaments : whereunto wee answere that such kind of persōs as are not able to discerne betwixt the Houses of Prayer and the Houses of pleasure , are too little to bee reckoned amongst Gods little ones ; the lock and not the key being ordained for such manner of persons ; For if the Guest was worthily thrust out of the Wedding Feast , which refused to put on the wedding garment ; How much more worthy shall they be , to be thrust out of the Spirituall Feast , which not only neglect to put on the Spirituall garment , but also resort unto those Feasts of purpose , that they may the more li●entiously wallow in their sensuall garment . Yea , meer naturall men have been more divinely minded then so ; and have apprehended a far more noble beautie then that which the outward Eye 〈◊〉 capable of : It having been ●n ancient Proverb amongst ●hem , Hesperus and Vesperus , ●e . The Morning and Eve●●ng Star are nothing so beau●●full as Vertue ( yea , but one ●f the Vertues Justice ) was : ●nd that Virtute nihil for●s●us , nihil amabilius , nihil ●chrius , &c. And concern●●g the beauty of a Temple , ●●e of their Poets could say ; Sed nil dulcius est bene quam munita tueri Edita doctrina sapientum Templa serenà . Another also of them af●●ming that the things which their gods most delighted in were Compositumjus , fasque anim● sanct que recessus Mentis , & incoctum generos● pectus honesto : In comparison whereo● ( saith hee further ) all you● golden and glorious offering are no better then Veneri donatae à Virgine Puppae . And therefore if Infidels and Heathens are able to imagine a kinde of beautie which goes farre beyond all outward eye-beauty : Shall it bee supposed that any of the Believers ( the least whereof must be supposed far more divine●y minded then the ripest un●eliever ) are so apt to be al●red unto the Temples of the only and invisible God ●y the means of gay Images ? They whose wits are so su●ernaturally pointed as that ●hey can see incomparably more glory in the poore at●●re of Paul ministring the Gospell , then in the Royall Robes of Aaron ministring the Gospel : They that can see beauty in the very feet of those ●hat bring glad Tydings ; though the feet especially of Messengers have no more beautie ●n the judgement of the outward Eye then the dust under our feet : They that esteeme x a Holinesse for Beauty b Righteousnesse for Clothing ▪ c good Works for Decking , and the d gathering of the Nations unto the Gospell , as the principall ornament of GODS Church ; Is it like that such will affect the places where such kinde of Beauty , Clothing , Decking , Ornaments and Tydings are freely offered , any whit the more for the gawdinesse of Images ? But , admit it were a suppose not intolerable that some of Gods true little-ones should so little consider the nature and intent of those kinde of places as to affect them any ●hit the more for such kinde ●f Gazements sake ; yet were ● wisdome in Governours to ●ndescend thereunto ? yea , ●●ere naturall Governours ●ve also in that respect bin ●iser then so ; witnesse those ●Lacedemonians which would ●t suffer any kinde of Ima●es to stand in their Senate-●ouse , only for fear lest they ●●ould grow remisse in their ● will consultations by the ●ceans ; witnesse also those ●uropians , which not only ●●●mitted no Images to stand ● their Temples , but also ●ould scarce indure the com●on light to shine into them : ●hereof the deviser of that Common-wealth gives this honest reason ( the goodnesse of his wit making him forget the qualitie of his Religion ) f quia parciore & veluti dubia luce intendi animos & riligionem putab●nt . i. e. Because they thought that the more obscure and sparing the outward Light should be , the more inten● would their ●●ndes and Religion be . Sh●llow therefore and preposterous is that policie● ( admit it were never so lawfull ) which thinks it good to glaze and play ster our Churches with such kinde of Eye delights toward the better winning and alluring our little-ones thereunto ; It being ●●deed no better then as if a ●rse , when shee hath taken child , to weane , should wish ●e mother of the child to ●●me and keepe with the ●●ild whereby she might the ●etter still the Child : For ●ough by that meanes shee ●ay hap to still the child , ●t shee may be sure by that ●eanes never to weane the ●hild . An I so likewise when God hath appointed Nurses ●Kings shall be thy nursing Fa●●ers , &c. ) toward the wea●ing of his Children from ●ensual and transitory ( not ●nly from wicked ) delights ; ● those nurses shall fraught ●is nurseries ( his Temples ) with such kind of delights as sensuall and childish minds are best pleased withal : They shall by that meanes frustrate● the intent of those places , & make them become nurseries of those fancies , which their peculiar office is to weane them from . Yea such kind of policie , how much is it better then as if the husbandman should sow his field with all manner of weeds ( as Red-weede Bowd-weed , Carleekes , Cockle , Darnell , &c. ) only because the Red , and Blew , and Gay coloured blooms of those weeds were far more pleasing sights in the eyes of his little children , then the common grasse-co●ored Corne use to be : But ●●e husbandman is wiser ●en so ; and does not meane ●o poyson his field and starve ●is family toward the plea●ing of his foolish children ; ●ut rather when hee sees his ●●eld so overgrown with such ●●mentable gaudinesse , doth ●esolve upon some other plot ●o bestow his seede & tillage ●pon : And so the greate ●Husbandman , the Lord of all ●hings , when hee shall finde ●is Temples in like manner ●wer grown with ( far worse ●eedes then the weeds of the ●ield ) the entertainments of ●ensuality , and provocations ●f jelousie ; Is it not to be feared that he will withdraw his presence from such Kin● of places ? Yea the very wildernesse is like to prove hi● chiefe repose in such case● for thither he hath promise● to allure his people and ther● to speake kindely unto them ▪ And there if hee may find either one true Jacob , which could say of his casuall sleeping place , k This is none othe● but the house of God ; or one fervent Elias , which in a Cav● remayned jealous for the Lord of Hoasts ; or one honest Hilarius which could say , l Male ecclesiam Dei in tectis aedificitsque veneramini , &c ▪ ●ive mee Dungeons , give mee ●ults , Caves , and Desarts , ra●●er then such kinde of Temples : ●ven with such will hee ra●●er settle himselfe and shew ●●em all his glory , then with ●ultitudes of Fooles which ●nd glaring upon walls , and ●●ok the cleane contrary way ● his approach . 6 Our next and last argu●ent against the allegation , ●●all be this ; The life , and ●orme , and property of a ●emple does consist in no●hing so much as this ; that ● be a place exempted and 〈◊〉 part from common uses ●nd common delights : But the ornature which Images ●e afford , serves only for a kind of common delight , and such as the ignorant , idle , an● superstitious , the carnall , sensuall , and idolatrous are affected and pleased withall , a● well as the best ( not to say incomparably more : ) Therefore the ornature which Images doe afford does rathe● profane and vilifie , evacuate confound , and nullifie a Temple , then any way adorn it , o● become any true beautific●tion unto it . Touching the ground o● this our argument , namely that the exempting and se●ting a place a part from common uses and common delights does most properly giv● life and forme , and constitution unto a Temple , it must ●sse for sound and good , un●● some other qualification ● condition ( Rite , respect , or ●eremony ) be found , where● the life & form and quid●●tie of a Temple shall more ●culiarly consist . It is true ●●deed the respects & rights ●hich consist in Dedication , ●onsecration , Sanctification , 〈◊〉 are attributed unto Tem●●es ; as also the Ministery of ●●e Word and Sacraments , ●e exercises of holinesse ●●d enjoyment of GODS ●●esence are found in Tem●●es ; and finally goodlinesse ●●d magnificence are conspi●ous in the fabrick and stru●●ure of Temples : But if all these conditions , qualifications , and respects may be found attributed and imparted unto other things and places as well as Temples then must they not bee esteemed of sufficient force t● give life and forme , and specification unto a Temple . Fo● first concerning Dedicatio● we find how every m new bui●● house in the time of Moses la●● was also allowed it ; And ● the time of Nehemiah , whe● the City was repaired , the very n walls thereof are sai● to be dedicated with singings an● thanksgivings upon the tops of the wals even to the prison-gate an● dung-gate , &c. Secondly , concerning Consecration ( if that ●espect does differ any thing ●rom Dedication ) neither is ●hat also a Ceremony pecu●●ar unto Temples ; For even ●easts also and fields , and ●ossessions , and the persons of ●en are in the Scripture said ● bee consecrated , and the ●ing at any time so consecra●d is termed no lesse then ●actum Sanctorum deo , ( in Ie●●es translation ) . Likewise ●oncerning Sanctification , so ●●re is that respect also from ●●ing peculiar unto a Tem●le ( though that of the three ●ay bee thought the princi●all ) as that our ordinary ●eat is afforded it ; for It ( saith the Scripture ) is sanctified by the Word and Prayer . Moreover ( and fourthly ) as neither Dedication , Consecration , nor Sanctification , so also neither is the Ministery of the Word and Sacraments of sufficient force to give peculiaritie and specification unto a Temple : For we also find in the Scripture , how we are allowed ( yea , appointed ) p to talke of his word , even when we walke by the way , and in on● dwelling houses , and when wee ly● downe , and when we rise up : Also the Sacraments in the time of that Law were ordinarily administred in privat houses ; And our Saviour not only ●●d partake the Passeover , but 〈◊〉 ordained his last Supper ●n ordinary dyning Cham●●● The r Law of England●o at this day allows us the ●e of Prayers and Psalms in 〈◊〉 private houses , and in ●●●aln cases ( in case of di●●●nce ) gives them the privi●●ge of Temples : Againe , ●ther are the exercises of ●●inesse , nor the enjoyment ● Gods presence , peculiar ● to Temples ; For in all ●●ces his presence may bee ●●joyed , ſ even though wee 〈◊〉 down to hell wee shall finde 〈◊〉 there , or if we remayne in the ●●id Sea , we shal find him there : ● if we be clapt up in the dungeon wee hope to finde hi● there . So likewise innocenc● and holinesse are not peculia● unto Temples , nor is the excluding wickednesse and unholinesse the proper office o● a Temple ; Every place ● the World being bound ● do as much , and no place ● the World being allowed ● commit ungodlynesse in . F●nally concerning outwa●● sumptuousnesse and magni●●cence of building so far is the also from giving propriet● and distinction unto Templ● as that not only the palac● of pride and vanity , but al●● the Houses and temples o● Idolatry , have also excelled and gloried therein ●itnesse that Temple of ●●esus , which cost all Asia●●o hundred yeeres to build ● ; and which had above sixe ●ore pillars , whereof every ●e had a severall King to ●aintain it : witnesse also that ●emple u of Belus , which is ●●ported to be duorum stadio●● amplitudine , and that it ●ed a Tower in the middest ●f it , crassitudine simul & alti●dine stadii ; and so Tower ●●on Tower , usque adoctavam : ●itnesse also that Temple of ●●zicus ( a Citie swallowed up ●ith an Earthquake ) the Pil●●rs whereof were x Singulae 〈◊〉 singulis lapidibus , and yet quinquaginta cubitorum alitudine , and quatuor ulnarum crassitudine : witnesse also that Temple which , belike , was somtime in our Britain ; which had it not excelled for outward structure and magnificence , the people would never have adored it as a god as y Seneca reporteth : yea so farre is such outward sumptuousnesse from giving peculiarity unto a Temple , as that one of the ancient Fathers forbears not to say that z such kind of sumptuous Temples are most likely to prove the seats of Antichrist . And wherein then is the propertie , forme , and quiddity of a Temple so likely to consist , as in this respect and condition which we plead for ; namely , in being a place exempted and set apart from common uses and delights ( not only from wickednesse ? ) which propertie as it was never found in any places but in Temples , so also where it alone is found there is nothing esteemed to bee wanting unto the nature and substance of a Temple : And so much the Patriarch Jacob may bee sufficient to teach us , when hee called a plaine a Stone the house of God , though it had nothing belonging to such a house , but only his setting it apart from common uses , and confining it to bee a mention and remembrance of his God ; the Church of England also at this day , acknowledging as much in effect when it esteemeth all those places for Temples , which time out of mind have beene exempted and set apart from common uses , though whether ever they had any Dedications or Consecrations , or other then such as were superstitious & idolatrous it be unknowne . For as the nature of a Sabbath doth not consist in this , that it affords holy exercises , for so also other dayes must do ; or in this that it debarreth wicked actions , for so also other days must doe ; or in this , that it affordeth much vacant time , for so also other dayes may do ; but only in this , that it debars all manner of work : So may we wel conceive that the nature of a Temple does consist , not in this , that it is a place dedicated , consecrated , &c. for so also other places and things are apt to be ; nor in this , that it affords Gods word or Gods presence , for so also other places may doe ; nor in this that it excludes ungodlinesse & wickednesse , for so also every place is bound to doe ; but only in this that it is exempted from common businesse and common delights : As also our Saviour did sufficiently declare , clare , when hee forbad the carrying of b vessells through the Temple , and Paul , when hee permitted not so much as c eating and drinking in such kinde of places ; such kind of actions being notwithstanding both lawfull and necessary , and having no exception against them but this , that Gods houses might be supposed liable & applyable unto common uses and businesses by such meanes . For as those kinds of actions and businesse which doe well become the weeke dayes are said in the Scripture to d defile & pro●hane the sabbath day : So ●●y those kind of actions & ●elights bee found to pro●hane and nullifie a Temple , ●hich other places can take ●o exception against . Upon ●hich conclusion and ground 〈◊〉 fairely follows , that the ●●tting up of Images or any ●hing else in Churches , only ●o please the outward Eye , ●nd to afford a common kind ●f delight ( the ornature which Images afford when it ●s at the best being no better ) ●s rather a prophanation , pollution , and prostitution unto those kind of places then any perfection or beautification . But very like it will bee pleaded against us , that by this rule all outward Beautification whatsoever within the compasse of a Templ● ( though it be not by Images shall be excepted against ; yea the beauty of King Solomon● Temple shall bee found un●● warrantable by this rule ; for no doubt all sorts of people as well the heathens , ungodly , and sensuall , as the holy and spiritually minded were affected therewith : whereunto , Christian Reader , wee are desirous to answer a few words : And first concerning such outward beautification in general ; wee may shortly answer , that when the intent of it is , only to cover unsightlines and outward Eye-sores , 〈◊〉 is to bee esteemed as a ●ranch of necessity , and a ●reventing of scandall , rather ●hen an ornament intended to ●elight and please the out●ard Eye : Even as the e co●ering of our uncomely parts ●ith the more comelinesse is not ●o please the beholders , or to ●ake our uncomely parts ex●ell those parts which are ●ore noble , but only to keep the more noble parts from disdaining the societie of those inferiour & lesse comely parts , and least otherwise there might spring up f a Schisme in the Body . And as we admit beautifull and rich-attired persons into our Temples , not because they are so adorned and so beautifull ( for their beauties doe rather offend then edifie in those kind of places ) but only because either their beauties must bee admitted , or their persons withall excluded : So our admitting of such kinde of outward Beautifications into our Churches , may well be , not for the delighting and pleasing of outward eyes , but only because unlesse they be admitted , offensive and scandalous unsightlines must remayne uncovered . Now in the second place concerning that speciall beautification of King Solomons Temple , we ●nswer , First , that not only the Analogie of Religion , ●ut also the body of the Fathers , doe agree with our ● Homily in this , that the ●umptuousnes of those times was only a figure to signifie , & not an example to follow : Even as the Bloomes of the spring , which though they may well signifie what kinde of Fruit may be expected , yet are they no examples for the rest of the Seasons to follow . Secondly , the indulgence of God might thinke good to entertain that minoritie of his people with some plausible shadow of a Temple g untill the true Temple , ( h The Almighty God and the Lambe ) should bee revealed . Thirdly , the waywardnesse of that Minority which ( as our i Homily saith ) was allured with nothing so much as with goodly gay things might somewhat be of force with the Lord to yield a little more unto thē then was originally intēded : Even as their like untractablenes extorted the Bil of Divorcement from him , which from the k beginning ( our Saviour saith ) was not so : or as it moved him to yield unto their burnt Offerings and Sacrifices which ●ay well be thought to have ●d no better beginning ; the ●ord thus speaking of them ● the Prophet Jeremy , I spake 〈◊〉 unto your Fathers concerning ●●nt offerings and sacrifices , 〈◊〉 only I commanded them , say●●g , obey my voice : And the ●rophet Esay plainly saying , ●ho hath required these things ● your hands ? Fourthly , it was ●●ly one such Sumptuous ●emple and that also ( as the ●cripture saith ) built n in seven ●●res , which was allowed ●●to that whole Nation , even 〈◊〉 that time of minoritie : ●heir Synagogues and O●●ories being no more sumptuous to the outwar● Eye ( as far as can appear o● of any Writer for divers hu●dred yeeres after that La● began ) then their dwelli●● houses , and for along ti● were no other places . Fifth when David first motion● the building of that Templ● the Lord not only thus a●swered him , Thou shalt 〈◊〉 build mee an house , but al● further expostulates with hi● in these very words ; o Whe●soever I walked with all Isa● spake I a word unto any of a Judges ( whom I commanded feed my people ) saying , why but you me not an house , & c ? It 〈◊〉 indeed , Hee afterward ●e them directions about 〈◊〉 building of it ; But what ● that ? For so also he gave ●m directions how they ●●uld bee ordred under a 〈◊〉 , and yet the Scripture ●●h , that Hee gave them a 〈◊〉 in anger : From whence ●o ( sixtly ) wee may argue , 〈◊〉 as the Lord did take ●●eir desiring of a King to be ●ind of q rejecting him from 〈◊〉 their King , and so gave 〈◊〉 a King in anger ; So it ●y be interpreted , that hee ●ewise did take their desi●g of a Temple to proceed 〈◊〉 a kind of unwillingnes to have him for their Temple , and so did give them ● Temple in some degree o● displeasure . Againe , we fin● in Scripture how hee ofte● checks them by their r Temple , and by their ſ dotage upo● the beauty of it ; Ringing ● also as often in their eare ▪ how that t heaven was his se● and earth his foot stool ▪ what how will yee build mee ? Which te● assoone as Saint Steven in h● Apologie did but once me●tion , he presently brake for into that indignation , u Y● stif-necked and of uncircumcis● hearts and eares , yee have alwa●●●sted the Spirit of God , & c. ●oreover , and in the eighth ●ace , had the Lord made any ●ch special reckning of that ●emple of Solomon would he we suffered it to be so razed 〈◊〉 destroyed , and that for ●●ers hundred yeeres before ●●t Law expired ? For wee ●de in the Scripture when 〈◊〉 Arke of God was taken 〈◊〉 the enemies , though it was ● thing most easie to be car●● about and rifled , yet did 〈◊〉 providence of God so ●iraculously preserve it , as ●hat they that tooke it durst ●ot so much as touch it , but ●ith all the honour and cost they could devise did send back again . And therefo●● had the Lord so delighted that beautiful Temple woul● hee have suffered it to be ● destroyed , and that when ● without any such miraculou● assistance ( as the Ark needed it might have bin preserved ▪ It being also ordinary wit● the very heathens to preserv● Temples , even when the● preserved nothing else ; an● much more , no doubt , woul● they have preserved tha● Temple which in those day was the mirror of the world and was then in their own possession , had not some degree of Gods indignation a●●ost it made way to their ●●d rage , toward their ma●g no difference betwixt ●nd the City , but with the ●●fused stroake of fire and ●ord to destroy them both ●●gether . Moreover , had the ●●rd been so delighted with 〈◊〉 beautie of that Temple , ●w is it that the second ●emple , which was built by ●ods own appointment , and ●hich was so often promi●●and called for , did not●ithstanding come so farre ●ort of it ? the Scripture ●●inly saying of it , that it 〈◊〉 as nothing in comparison of it : which president alo● may be sufficient to perswa● us , that the beautie of the 〈◊〉 Temple was rather offensi● then otherwise , even in t●● time of that nonage ; the pe●ple by meanes thereof bei●● brought to linger after , and ● doat upon outward things and to catch at the shadow i● stead of the substance , the shell in-stead of the kernel and the Templum Domini , i● stead of Templum Dominum , a● experience did prove . We● conclude therefore , that the beautie of Solomons Temple is no sufficient exception against the ground of our argument , which was this , that all outward Beautification in Tem●●●s , which is intended only ● please the outward eye , is ●egree of converting Tem●●es unto cōmon uses , which ●e peculiar office and nature 〈◊〉 a Temple excludes ; the ex●ellencie of Temples being ●ore or lesse , as they are ●ore or lesse exempted from ●ommon uses , whereby ( if it ●ere possible ) nothing but God himselfe in those kinde ●f places might bee thought upon : The Lord only indeed being the life and spirit of all Temples ; yea , and not only so but also being ( hee hath expresly said ●t ) the very z Temple it selfe ; there being no other Temple that ca● contain the Catholike Spou● of Christ but only hee . An● that only Temple must ever● member of Christ long afte● and delight in ; live and dwel● in day and night : And tha● they shall never doe as long as they are so wedded unto visible Temples , and the beauty thereof . It is true indeed , this temporall life does need ( at least can make use of ) materiall and visible Temples , we grant : But considering how prone the nature of man is to relapsing , and to lownd after the beautie of old Jerusalem , when we should be ready to enter into ●●e gates of the new , and with ●ose Israelites to seeke Gil● , and Beersheba , rather then ●e Lord ; and with those car●all Jews ( as b Austin termeth ●hem therein ) to interpret the ●eauty of the second Temple ●rophesied of by Haggie ) to ●onsist in some glorious re●auration of a visible Tem●le : It therefore concerns the ●eople of God when they in●end to build any materiall Temples , to set them forth with such gravity and simpli●itie as may give the Commers unto them to under●tand , that the beauty of a Temple is not like the beauty of other places , nor to bee judged of with that kinde of eye where with wee judge of other buildings ▪ At least they must not be so indulg●nt unto weake and ( supposed ) little-ones as to set forth their Temples with the common , grosse , and scandalous ( not to say Idolatrous ) beauty of Images , which the Allegation pleads for , and against which onely wee have hitherto ( and that we hope sufficiently ) excepted . 2 The other Allegation in the behalfe of these Church-Images which we have specified in the beginning is this ; that they furnish the dead with Tombs & Monuments : whereunto we answer , That the things which are especially scandalous must not be suffered in Churches , but only in case necessity , as we have alreadie declared . Now that such kinde of Monuments are scandalous sights in Churches , it cannot be denied : It being easie to observe through the course of the times that the ordinary originall of Idols hath beene from Sepulchres , and such kinde of Monuments . And the Scripture gives us a faire warrant so to think when the Lord sayes , that , He will cast their carcasses upon the carcasses of their Idols ; for other carcasses then such dead bodies as were interred under their Idols , their Idols could not have : And it was the usuall course amongst the Ancient Heathens first to erect Altars over their dead , and then to build Temples over those Altars , and then finally , to make their dead the gods of those Temples . Moreover , the reason why the Lord would not have the d Burying place of Moses to bee knowne , is agreed upon by all Divines to be for the preventing of Idolatry . And therefore if the meer Burying place ●f a Saint , and that in the ●ildernesse , be so apt to be●et an Idoll , how much more ●ill it be fitted for such a pur●ose when it shall bee in a ●emple , and withall shall ●ave the Image of the Saint ●rected upon it , and that so ●loriously and sumptuously ●s that if men had a desire to ●ake a god of it , they could ●ot doe more . Thirdly , there ●eing a speciall pronenesse in the hearts of men to magnifie ●heir Fore-fathers ( e mortuos ●aitatur vanitas vulgi magis ●●am vivos ) and to esteem most highly of those which lived in the former times ; partly out of an envy against the presen● times ( f Virtutem incolmem ● dimus , sublatam ex oculis quaer●mus Invidi ) and partly becaus● the imperfections of the present times are more in sight how can it bee otherwise like but that the Images of those so admired Ancients , wil● draw admiration and forbidden respects ? Especially after on●e the mosse of Antiquity is growne upon them ; Antiquitie ( as a g Father saith ) being of force to make even errours acceptable ; & whereinto ( as h another saith ) men thinke it a point of impiety to ●nquire : And can wee then ●ake question but that such ●inde of Monuments must ●eeds bee most scandalous ●ights in Churches ? Now in the second place , that there is 〈◊〉 necessitie of such kinde of Monuments in those kinde of ●laces ( Necessity only being of force to dispense with scandals ) It will easily bee granted . F●r first , the only ●ntent and use of those Monuments is to doe an honour ●nto the dead ; whereas Honour , though it bee never so sound and good , is not a matter of necessitie ; the Scripture telling us that the multitude of those which shall bee admitted into the state o● blisse shall be such , as i no ma● can number ; And therefore i● not so much as their persons can bee knowne , much lesse can their Names and Fames bee so great upon earth as to have distinct Monuments erected upon them . Secondly , such kinde of Monuments may bee erected in other places as well as Temples , and that more obviously & conspicuously ; Sepulchres & Graves ( we are sure ) having beene extant before any Temples were known . Thirdly , there are other courses more apt to continue the remembrance of the ●●ad , then those kind of Mo●●ments ; namely , Inscripti●●s & Epitaphs : For by such ●nd of expresssions , the truest , ●●d noblest , and most inward ●●ts of dead are apt to be 〈◊〉 more lively and properly forth ; the tooles of Car●s and Pensils of Painters ●ing able to describe only ●●eir outsides , and so much of ●●em as Fools and unworthy ●●rsons ( yea , Stones or lumps ● clay ) may excell or resem●●e them in : whereas the pens ● the Muses are able to flou●●●h out their most hidden ex●●●lencies , and imprint their ●●●tues with such durable ●haracters as shal make them able a thausand yeers after to say , as the Poet did truly divine of himselfe when hee said , k Exegi monumentum ●re perennius , Regalique situ Pyramidum altius . And as another of this kind could say : l Certior in nostro carmin● vultus er●t : Casibus his nullis , nullis delebilis annis Vivet : Apelleum cummorie●ur opus . Fourthly , meere naturall men have made no reckoning of these kind of Monuments ; witnesse that Grecian Prince , which would not suffer so much as his Picture ( in his life time ) to be taken ; an● that for this worthy reason , because hee would be known by nothing but his acts : witnesse also hee that gave his Emperour this counsel ( Maecenas to Augustus ) n ne●er to suffer any Images or Temples to be erected unto him ; because ( saith hee ) If you rule well , the whole world will be your Temple , and every City a Monument and Basis of your glory ; But especially specially witnesse that whole Common-wealth of those ancient o Indies , which would never suffer any Sepulchers to be erected over their dead , because they thought no man worthy to be remembred any longer , then during the remembrance of his vertues : which so sound and impartiall judgment of theirs , the providence of God ( who loves always to requite sound judgement wheresoever hee find it ) did requite with another vertue like unto it ; For so the same Author does further report of that Nation , that they were never knowne to tell a lie ; His nefas est ( saith ●e ) falsi quicquam pro vero dice●● ; neque Indorum quisquam ●●quam , in Iudicum , qoud men●tus esset , vocatus est : That so , ●●ch as scorned those kind of ●●ayses which could not bee ●nd but by falsifications and ●ounterfeit Images , might be ●equited with such a speciall ●ellowship of the Truth ( Ne●er to be taken with a lie ) as ●ever any Nation before ●hem , or after them , attained ●nto . And shall then the Christians ( so incomparably ●raced of God above those ●●mes ) be so liquorous or desi●●ous of those kinde of com●on , painted , pybald , & scan●●lous Monuments which Heathens and meere natural Nations have thought so unworthy of ? Especially when as the Lord hath promised them another manner of remembrance ; for thus saith the Prophet Malachie , p A book of remembrance was written before him , for thē that feared the Lord , and that thought upon his name . Finally it is the great decree● of God that the bodies of his servants ( though they be never so holy and worthy ) should be sowne in corruption , though they shall rise in incorruption ▪ &c. sown in dishonour , though they shall rise in honour : And there●ore to set forth those Bodies 〈◊〉 such pompous and glori●us manner while they are ●nder the doome of corrup●●on and dissolution in the ●rave , is little lesse then a ●inde of resistance unto mor●ality , and reluctation against ●hat great decree , as also a ●inde of falsification unto the ● state of the dead , besides ●hat provocation unto the di●●ine jelousie and stumbling ●nto posterity which generall experience hath found to in●sue thereupon . And so , without further adoe , and left we goe beyond the scantling of an Appendix we will here make an end . Only Christian Reader before I dismisse you , I have a little request to make unto you , and it shall be this ; that whereas I lately in a little booke did shew the insufficiencie of divers reasons which use to be made in the behalfe of Images , and in the end therof did intimate that there were yet other allegations of that kinde which deserved likewise to bee excepted against : my request is , that if I once again and the third time shall publish something to that purpose , you bee not unwilling to make some gentle construction of my so often comming about so common a point . For it was not at the first ( nor yet is it ) my in●ent to handle the point ac●ording to all the dimensi●ns of a common place , but ●nly to answere obiections : ●nd obiections having no mu●uall dependance one upon ●nother , but being apt to pro●ed from divers and distant , ●nd even contrary quarters , ●hough wee should make as ●any severall commings , and ●eturns , and books as we meet ●ith severall objections , it might be without any inter●●ption unto our matter , and ●ll one to the Reader , and in ●ome respect also the better ●or both Writer and Reader . For the lesse is written at onc● the more easily it is read , an● the more thorowly perused ▪ whereas if much bee written at once , the Readers leisur● ( perhaps also a Deske and a Chaire ) must be expected ▪ But for my part I plainly professe it , that it is no such politike consideration which moves me to write so little at once , but plaine and right downe necessity ; my reach and reading not serving mee to write much , and my fidelity to the Truth not suffering mee to hold my peace . And though like enough I may hap to go in but the brand of a bawling Curr by the means , 〈◊〉 the barking shawlt which ●ble to discover a thief , and ● not able to worrie a ●epe , may bee as fit for the ●●●pherds purpose as the best ; ● so the little fingers are ● full unto the Body , as well the greater Limbs ; and our ●iles manus , may ( with that ●●norian Cripple ) depile the ●mish traine by a haire at ●●e , when the strongest arm one , single tugge shall never ● it . Finally , it is the Com●andement of God , that eve●● soul should serve him with his might ; And therefore ●●ey that have but little abili●●●s , must not bury them , or ● ashamed to pr●sent them to the view and judgement o● the Master Builders : wh● though perhaps they sometime find them not usefull fo● their purposes , yet may they think good to pronounce tha● blessing upon the authors ▪ Thou hast bin faithful in litle ▪ Also the Lord himselfe shall be somewhat the more honored by the means ; the abundance of his gifts and graces the better appearing , when some of them be judged to be redundant , and to spare . And so Christian Reader , for the present I take my leave , and untill our next meeting I commend you to the Grace of God . FINIS . Notes, typically marginal, from the original text Notes for div A42351e-180 a Esay 30.22 . b Ezech. 7 20. c Matth. 6. d 〈…〉 e Ezech. 23.14 , 15. &c , 〈◊〉 6.7 . Tim. 2 hom. 3. h Plotia . En. 2.6 . i Lacters . 2. ● . Esay 10 10. l Nah●m 3 4. m Tom. 2 . ●●mil . p. 3. n 1 Cor. 14. o Tom. 2. homi● . 2. p. 3. Esay . 2.16 . q Ecclesiasticus 22. r Flacc . ●re● . lib. 2. Pers. Sat. 2. 2 Cor. 3. x Esay 52 7. a Psal. 96. b 13● . c 1 Tim. 2.10 . d Esay 49.18 . 〈◊〉 . f Europ , ●● . ● . Esay 49. Ioh. 15. Hosea , 2.14 . k Gen. 28.17 . l Contra An●r●t . quid in parietes insanitis , &c. m Deut. 20.5 . n Nehem. 12.27 . 〈◊〉 . 4.5 . p Deut. 6.7 . ●uk . 14.15 . r Eliz. 23.1 . ſ Psal. 1 39. ●●n hist. n. 36.14 . u Herod . l. 1. x Dio 〈◊〉 . lib. 70. y Sen. de morte Claud. z Hilarious contra Au●ent . a Gen. 28.22 . b Mark . 11.16 . c 1 Cor. 11. d Exod. 31.14 . e 1 Cor. 12 23. f Verse 25. g Tom. 2. Hom. 2. p. 3. h Revel. 21.22 . i Parte prima . k Mat. 19.8 . 〈◊〉 . 7.22 . Esay 1.12 . n 1 King. 6.38 . o 1 Chron. 17.6 . ●●ea 13.11 . q 1 Sam. 8 7. r Ier 7.4 ſ Ezech. 24.21 . t Esay 66 u Acts 7 51. Sam. 6.7 . 〈◊〉 . 2.3 . z Revel. 21 22. Amos 5.5 . b August . de Civit. Dei 18.45 . Levit. 26 30. d Deut. 34.6 . e Aug. f Flacc . g Hieron. in Prol. super Iob. h Lact. 2.7 . i Revel. 7.9 . k Horace Carm. 3.30 . l Valer. Mart. 7.84 . Plutarch de Agiselao . n Dio Cass. Lib. o Arrian . lib. 8. p Mal. ● . 16 .