Summary of your 'study carrel' ============================== This is a summary of your Distant Reader 'study carrel'. The Distant Reader harvested & cached your content into a collection/corpus. It then applied sets of natural language processing and text mining against the collection. The results of this process was reduced to a database file -- a 'study carrel'. The study carrel can then be queried, thus bringing light specific characteristics for your collection. These characteristics can help you summarize the collection as well as enumerate things you might want to investigate more closely. Eric Lease Morgan May 27, 2019 Number of items in the collection; 'How big is my corpus?' ---------------------------------------------------------- 30 Average length of all items measured in words; "More or less, how big is each item?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 85091 Average readability score of all items (0 = difficult; 100 = easy) ------------------------------------------------------------------ 69 Top 50 statistically significant keywords; "What is my collection about?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 12 God 10 man 9 mind 9 idea 8 thing 8 object 7 knowledge 7 Mr. 7 John 6 reason 6 Sir 5 time 5 nature 5 cause 5 King 4 truth 4 principle 4 little 4 great 4 London 4 Henry 3 sense 3 music 3 human 3 effect 3 Shakespeare 3 Plato 3 Mrs. 3 Lord 3 Kant 3 English 3 England 3 Dickens 3 Act 2 world 2 word 2 understanding 2 true 2 substance 2 space 2 song 2 self 2 section 2 relation 2 produce 2 present 2 power 2 play 2 passion 2 note Top 50 lemmatized nouns; "What is discussed?" --------------------------------------------- 8518 idea 6421 man 5508 object 4845 mind 4687 thing 4121 time 3467 part 3165 knowledge 3162 nature 2808 word 2692 sense 2659 relation 2565 reason 2507 world 2456 cause 2401 thought 2274 one 2203 principle 2188 way 2148 body 2088 nothing 2084 perception 2063 case 2054 effect 2024 truth 1869 life 1855 action 1831 name 1826 existence 1755 passion 1749 power 1747 experience 1721 quality 1712 place 1600 matter 1598 fact 1587 view 1571 impression 1500 person 1485 kind 1423 day 1410 order 1403 question 1401 understanding 1392 work 1390 subject 1356 child 1346 other 1325 manner 1291 motion Top 50 proper nouns; "What are the names of persons or places?" -------------------------------------------------------------- 21917 _ 1080 Mr. 1062 Scott 832 Kant 814 God 612 Sir 573 Vol 522 Dickens 509 Footnote 496 Nelson 424 Shakespeare 416 THEAETETUS 415 Mrs. 411 John 405 Mr 392 . 369 II 368 Sun 358 e. 351 i. 350 London 338 King 338 England 335 Socrates 294 Earth 287 IV 278 Miss 278 B. 276 English 272 M. 269 Lord 265 Edinburgh 261 III 251 Tis 241 Act 235 Plato 232 Chaucer 228 l. 228 James 226 I. 223 William 218 Shakspere 217 Lockhart 212 pp 210 Milton 210 George 201 Henry 200 ii 194 c. 187 Dr. Top 50 personal pronouns nouns; "To whom are things referred?" ------------------------------------------------------------- 27642 it 18054 we 15858 i 13577 he 9268 they 7325 them 4943 us 4200 him 4062 you 3037 me 2060 itself 1516 himself 1457 themselves 1388 she 940 ourselves 655 myself 654 her 375 one 138 herself 88 yourself 88 mine 84 thee 37 ours 35 ''em 34 his 29 theirs 26 yours 20 oneself 17 thyself 16 ourself 14 em 10 ''s 7 ye 7 whereof 6 ay 5 on''t 4 hers 3 pp 2 y 2 thy 2 o 2 break 1 yow 1 yit 1 wife:-- 1 wi 1 wd 1 to[4 1 thou''d 1 theirselves Top 50 lemmatized verbs; "What do things do?" --------------------------------------------- 97596 be 24779 have 6759 do 5772 make 5036 say 4304 know 3867 give 3604 find 3421 see 3278 think 2879 take 2131 call 2121 produce 2072 come 2030 consider 2004 seem 1928 suppose 1658 appear 1608 become 1525 follow 1461 go 1448 observe 1431 exist 1323 concern 1308 show 1286 perceive 1261 use 1215 write 1192 form 1186 believe 1143 mean 1084 regard 1067 arise 1062 accord 1005 look 981 speak 979 pass 975 discover 950 feel 949 begin 938 understand 936 leave 931 receive 918 determine 910 get 905 bring 890 tell 888 let 867 put 866 stand Top 50 lemmatized adjectives and adverbs; "How are things described?" --------------------------------------------------------------------- 18704 not 6653 so 6508 other 5738 more 5563 only 4812 same 4100 very 3778 great 3472 first 3147 such 3016 as 2750 most 2559 never 2551 well 2486 much 2462 then 2360 own 2303 therefore 2260 different 2170 now 2170 even 2122 certain 2122 also 2068 general 2058 good 1946 true 1917 little 1882 many 1867 up 1755 human 1749 always 1607 particular 1591 present 1567 here 1556 far 1524 still 1523 natural 1501 out 1469 thus 1450 real 1427 long 1405 however 1387 ever 1342 new 1297 yet 1260 less 1235 common 1176 old 1133 too 1107 just Top 50 lemmatized superlative adjectives; "How are things described to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------- 889 least 578 most 413 great 399 good 146 high 86 small 80 early 77 strong 72 near 60 bad 58 low 57 manif 55 Most 37 fine 35 simple 35 short 33 clear 32 slight 31 large 26 late 25 deep 21 eld 20 bright 17 dear 17 common 16 wide 15 young 15 pure 15 noble 15 minute 15 easy 14 wise 14 long 14 happy 13 close 12 plain 11 rich 11 mean 11 lofty 11 fair 10 weak 10 true 10 hard 10 full 10 farth 9 poor 9 old 9 gross 9 able 8 j Top 50 lemmatized superlative adverbs; "How do things do to the extreme?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2172 most 96 least 85 well 6 ¦ 4 highest 3 greatest 3 farthest 2 smallest 1 worst 1 tempest 1 strongest 1 oftenest 1 me,[25 1 long 1 jest 1 infest 1 force:-- 1 finest 1 brightest 1 bathurst Top 50 Internet domains; "What Webbed places are alluded to in this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 4 www.gutenberg.net 3 www.archive.org 2 posner.library.cmu.edu Top 50 URLs; "What is hyperlinked from this corpus?" ---------------------------------------------------- 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/1/6/0/5/16055/16055-h/16055-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/1/6/0/5/16055/16055-h.zip 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/1/5/2/9/15299/15299-h/15299-h.htm 1 http://www.gutenberg.net/dirs/1/5/2/9/15299/15299-h.zip 1 http://www.archive.org/details/kantknowledge00pricuoft 1 http://www.archive.org/details/dickensaseducato00hughrich 1 http://www.archive.org 1 http://posner.library.cmu.edu/Posner/books/book.cgi?call=553_K96S_1916 1 http://posner.library.cmu.edu/Posner Top 50 email addresses; "Who are you gonna call?" ------------------------------------------------- Top 50 positive assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-noun?" ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 71 nothing is more 37 _ is _ 29 _ see _ 27 ideas are not 23 object is not 21 mind is not 19 man is not 18 _ are _ 18 man does not 16 things are not 15 case is not 14 knowledge is not 14 men are mortal 12 ideas is not 12 men are not 11 knowledge is perception 11 relation is not 11 truth is not 10 _ was _ 10 men do not 10 nature is not 9 _ did _ 9 _ form _ 9 _ thought _ 9 existence is not 9 mind is capable 9 nothing is ever 9 objects have always 8 _ do _ 8 knowledge is essentially 8 men are so 8 one has ever 8 perceptions are not 8 thought is not 7 _ know _ 7 action is not 7 ideas are such 7 knowledge is true 7 object is always 7 one is not 7 thing is not 6 _ be _ 6 _ is not 6 bodies are heavy 6 case is here 6 case is quite 6 idea is not 6 ideas are adequate 6 ideas are nothing 6 ideas are so Top 50 negative assertions; "What sentences are in the shape of noun-verb-no|not-noun?" --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 5 ideas are not always 5 mind is not only 3 ideas are not capable 3 men are not ashamed 2 action is no longer 2 bodies are no more 2 case be not so 2 cause has no relation 2 existence has no particular 2 existence is no distinct 2 idea is not here 2 idea were not more 2 ideas are not determined 2 ideas are not only 2 ideas have no manner 2 ideas is not able 2 ideas is not habitual 2 man has no power 2 man is no longer 2 man is not free 2 men are not able 2 men do not usually 2 men perceive no danger 2 mind be not infinite 2 mind does not only 2 mind is not infinite 2 nature is not so 2 object be not only 2 object is no addition 2 object is not requisite 2 object is not sufficient 2 objects are not contrary 2 objects have no discoverable 2 objects is not constant 2 one has no idea 2 one has no influence 2 one is no consequence 2 parts are not co 2 parts are not so 2 parts be not sudden 2 perceptions are no longer 2 perceptions are not possest 2 perceptions are not susceptible 2 perceptions have no more 2 perceptions have no perceivable 2 principle does not here 2 reason has no influence 2 reason has no original 2 reason has no such 2 reason is not difficult Sizes of items; "Measures in words, how big is each item?" ---------------------------------------------------------- 226313 4705 204956 30737 160751 53792 150381 10615 130705 53791 125242 10616 121939 39964 118504 37284 99894 32701 93937 15299 91130 55761 89881 2529 82645 28434 74559 16715 66182 1726 57986 9662 56366 35721 43907 19676 43324 5827 42682 12890 41176 34112 37400 16595 37377 4723 32480 37711 28331 47658 21869 1580 17528 16055 40841 36434 63022 Readability of items; "How difficult is each item to read?" ----------------------------------------------------------- 90.0 19676 85.0 16055 84.0 16595 78.0 1726 78.0 37711 77.0 35721 75.0 37284 74.0 16715 72.0 34112 72.0 12890 72.0 1580 71.0 15299 68.0 47658 68.0 10615 67.0 4723 67.0 10616 67.0 55761 66.0 5827 64.0 30737 63.0 2529 62.0 39964 62.0 32701 60.0 53791 60.0 28434 58.0 9662 58.0 53792 57.0 4705 40841 36434 63022 Item summaries; "In a narrative form, how can each item be abstracted?" ----------------------------------------------------------------------- 10615 these means, they come to frame in their minds an idea men have of a motion and rest, are equally clear and positive ideas in the mind; looks on it, cause as clear and positive idea in his mind, as a man ideas of their own minds, cannot much differ in thinking; however they Whether these several ideas in a man''s mind be made by certain motions, thoughts towards the original of men''s ideas, (as I am apt to think they knowledge the mind has of things, by those ideas and appearances which together; and as to the minds of men, where the ideas of these actions the mind of things that do exist, by ideas of those qualities that are to the existence of things, or to any idea in the minds of other idea in my mind, without thinking either that existence, or the name MAN 10616 use of by men as the signs of their ideas; not by any natural connexion of names to things, that the mind should have distinct ideas of the making another understand by words what idea the term defined stands idea the word light stands for no more known to a man that understands refers the ideas it makes to the real existence of things, but puts such mind makes those abstract complex ideas to which specific names are Besides words which are names of ideas in the mind, there are a great particular thing agree to his complex idea expressed by the name man: evident, that there are few names of complex ideas which any two men use As the ideas men''s words stand for are of different sorts, so the way of general certain propositions concerning man, standing for such an idea. man''s reasoning and knowledge is only about the ideas existing in his 12890 An Essay in Illustration of the Belief in the Existence of Devils, Catholic belief in devil''s power to create Powers of witches "looking into the seeds of time." Bessie Roy, how appearance, and various functions and powers of the evil spirits, with existence of evil spirits, possession by devils, witchcraft, and divine appearance, and powers of the evil spirits. These devils'' power and desire to injure mankind appear to have of the form in which a greater devil might appear, this is what Scot says that the devil, when appearing to men, frequently assumed that evil spirits, without actually entering into the body of a man, powers over the bodies and minds of mortals, devils were not believed to he says, "In the witches Shakspere has made use of the popular belief in belief in the devils and their works. possession of the human body by devils;[1] and this appears to have 15299 I have given this book the title of "Drake, Nelson and Napoleon" terrible catastrophe to the great French line-of-battle ship, he Nelson''s great talents and his victories caused society outwardly to irresistibly Nelson''s influence permeated the fleet, for no man knew Parker, at a critical moment in the battle of Copenhagen, hoisted No. 39, which meant "Leave off action." Nelson shrugged his shoulders, and exist in this state." Lord Nelson conducted the British case with the and left Nelson to hoist his flag as commander-in-chief on the _St. George_, which was not ready, and was possibly being refitted after ships, Nelson sailed for Malta, and had the good fortune to sight a continuous protection of British men-of-war was with great difficulty part, Nelson''s sailors had great faith in his naval genius. to the sailing war vessels in Nelson''s time. French fleet, and the indignity of having a man like Sir John Orde put 1580 Socrates of any definition of temperance in which an element of science I ought to know you, he replied, for there is a great deal said about Yes, I said, Charmides; and indeed I think that you ought to excel I said to him: That is a natural reply, Charmides, and I think that he said: My opinion is, Socrates, that temperance makes a man ashamed or Very good, I said; and did you not admit, just now, that temperance is Yes, I said, Critias; but you come to me as though I professed to know asking in what wisdom or temperance differs from the other sciences, and Yes, Socrates, he said; and that I think is certainly true: for he who has this science or knowledge which knows itself will become like the Say that he knows health;--not wisdom or temperance, but the art of 16055 Treating of the known references to precious stones in Shakespeare''s The Known _References_ of _Precious Stones_ in Shakespeare''s In the poet''s time pearls were not only worn as jewels, America in Shakespeare''s time, see the writer''s "Gems and Precious In Shakespeare''s time but few of the world''s great diamonds were in [Footnote 14: Sir Sidney Lee, "A Life of Shakespeare", new edition, In none of the allusions to precious stones made by Shakespeare is In Shakespeare''s day the "goldsmiths" were also jewellers and gem the sum of £1550 was paid for a diamond jewel with pearl pendants and telling use of the colors and charm of precious stones and pearls in PRECIOUS STONES MENTIONED IN THE PLAYS OF SHAKESPEARE PRECIOUS STONES MENTIONED IN THE PLAYS OF SHAKESPEARE PRECIOUS STONES MENTIONED IN THE POEMS OF SHAKESPEARE writes of jewels or of rings he means those in which precious stones 16595 know a note of music, and sing entirely by ear. references in his letters and works to the music he heard in sing an old-time stage song, such as he used to enjoy in his musical resources in a letter to Miss Power written on July 2, Dickens wrote a few songs and ballads, and in most cases he wrote ''The British Lion, a new song but an old story,'' which Dickens has little to say about the music of his time, but in The numerous songs and vocal works referred to by Dickens Dickens often refers to these old song-books, either under The original reference was to a very popular song of the period Mrs. Micawber''s ''Little Taffline'' was a song in Storace''s Junction, who composed ''Little comic songs-like.'' In this A LIST OF SONGS AND INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC MENTIONED BY DICKENS (This song has been published by almost every music 16715 The lack of any adequate discussion of Scott''s critical work is a SCOTT''S WORK AS STUDENT AND EDITOR IN THE FIELD OF LITERARY HISTORY SCOTT''S WORK AS STUDENT AND EDITOR IN THE FIELD OF LITERARY HISTORY Part of Scott''s critical work on mediaeval literature falls outside the A review of the _Life and Works of Chatterton_ gave Scott an opportunity In 1805 Scott wrote to his friend George Ellis, "My critical notes will Such criticism as Scott gives on specific parts of Dryden''s work is prose added in this edition are really his work.[189] Scott had good It has already been said that a large part of Scott''s critical work quality appears elsewhere in Scott''s critical work, but it is perhaps _Dryden''s Works_, edited by Scott, 2, 5, 7, 36, 44-5, 50, 51, 52-8, _Swift''s Works_, edited by Scott, 6, 7, 65-70, 73, 79, 126, 139, 153, 178 1726 answer to Socrates, proceeds to define knowledge as true opinion, with THEAETETUS: Yes. SOCRATES: And is that different in any way from knowledge? THEAETETUS: No. SOCRATES: And when a man is asked what science or knowledge is, to THEAETETUS: Yes. SOCRATES: And ''appears to him'' means the same as ''he perceives.'' THEAETETUS: I should say ''No,'' Socrates, if I were to speak my mind THEAETETUS: Yes. SOCRATES: And you would admit that there is such a thing as memory? SOCRATES: Yet perception is knowledge: so at least Theaetetus and I were THEAETETUS: I cannot say, Socrates, that all opinion is knowledge, THEAETETUS: Yes. SOCRATES: I would have you imagine, then, that there exists in the mind THEAETETUS: Yes, Socrates, you have described the nature of opinion with THEAETETUS: Yes. SOCRATES: And so we are rid of the difficulty of a man''s not knowing THEAETETUS: Yes. SOCRATES: In the same general way, we might also have true opinion about 19676 lady''s guests to sing unaccompanied music from "parts," after supper; Chappell''s Old English Popular Music gives a passage from a letter of to sing it." For the music and words, see Hawkins, pp. and Instruments, (2) Musical Education, (3) Songs and Singing, (4) The following lines, though not in a play, are so full of musical of several passages on Shakespeare, where ''broken music'' is referred A long time out of _play_, may bring his _plain-song_, music, accompanied by viols and harps, with songs and catches, were music, and scraps of the actual words of old songs--some with sir.'' Further on, Paris also plays on the term ''broken'' music. There is an old song, given in Chappell''s Popular Music, ''O Death, dances of the time, as far as words can do it; dance tunes in music Elizabethan times, music in, 2, 4-8, 16, 113, 114 (dances) ff. 2529 the relation to the object, while the fact that knowledge is different A mental occurrence of any kind--sensation, image, belief, or knowledge of a present physical object, while an image does not, except the causation of an image always proceeds according to mnemic laws, i.e. that it is governed by habit and past experience. Images also differ from sensations as regards their effects. past sensations seems only possible by means of present images. is a vague word, equally applicable to the present memory-image and to In that case we say that the image or word means that memory-image is accompanied by a belief, in this case as to the past. The content of a belief may consist of words only, or of images only, or both images and words occur in the content of a belief. and images, memories, beliefs and desires, but present in all of 28434 galaxies, universes of stars--suns--the innumerable host of heaven, each immovable centre of the universe, round which the Sun, Moon, planets, other celestial bodies--Sun, Moon, and stars, which would appear to have the Earth and planets in their orbits resides in the Sun. By the orb''s Milton supposes that, as the Earth receives light from the stars, she a great central sun, round which all the systems of stars perform their The conclusion that the stars are orbs resembling our Sun in magnitude Sun is one of a group of stars which occupy a region of the heavens as follows: ''If we regard a pair of stars as forming a double sun, round STAR CLUSTERS.--On observing the heavens on a clear, dark night, there heavens, we have no evidence that he regarded the stars as suns, nor the Sun, Moon, planets, and stars; their functional importance as 30737 general good in a single day; and it was a great matter to hear, at open gold mines, and then passed a luxurious old age, like that of The Hill of Cromarty formed at this time at once my true school and one delightful man, who was said to know a great deal about rocks and little more than time enough to look about me on the new forms, and to miserable-looking, grey-headed, grey-bearded, little old man, that might and was at that time little known to the tourist; and the thirty years Its only inmate, a lively little old man, sat outside, at once tending a better that I should come to know this in time, than that, like some, time, had become at least as like their old opponents as their former Two long years had to pass from this time ere my young friend and I 32701 perception or experience of the objects to which they relate. pointed to by Kant''s phrase ''objects are _given_ in perception''. urge that Kant afterwards points out that space as an object the fact that Kant speaks of space not only as a form of _perception_, object of perception; in other words, space, in the sense of the one Kant''s second argument is stated as follows: "Space is represented as of an object; yet the pure perception of space involved by that space is a form of sensibility or a way in which objects appear produced by things is to imply that the object of perception is merely the view that the object of perception is not the thing, but merely an perception and knowledge with which Kant''s treatment of space and time the relation of knowledge or of a representation to its object. what Kant says is that representations as related to an object must 34112 Newgate was the first prison to which Charles Dickens gave any literary cage in the wall of the Fleet Prison, within which was posted some man case a man ran to and fro in the neighboring streets to the prison, Prisoners who had been a certain number of years in the jail had a "The gates of the King''s Bench and the Fleet Prison, being opened at "The morning light was in no hurry to climb the prison wall and look old Marshalsea Prison for the first time; for despair seldom comes lived more comfortably in prison than they had done for a long time looked, with my mind''s eye, into the Fleet prison during Mr. Pickwick''s The King''s Bench Prison of Micawber''s time stood in the Borough Road. little prison, and complained that "to a man who had money the Bench was 35721 great number of Shakespeare''s plays, read some of them, and written or Shakespeare''s plays and only use settings composed for the original Musically, there are many ways of producing Shakespeare''s plays. slow music the theme of Ophelia''s song in _Hamlet_, "How shall I my Of real incidental music composed for this play very little has great pity, as there is much fine music in the work, though very little The score of the opera was finished while the composer was musical As there has been so little music composed for this play, I will give a 1819, also composed an opera on this subject, in four acts, calling it first musical number occurs in Act ii., Scene 2, a dance, song, {96} Berlioz composed this work, "little opera" he music composed for stage productions of the play has never been of very our subject, "Shakespeare and Music." The other songs, "King Stephen 36434 37284 "Nothing, please, sir," said the little boy. "My dear child," said Squeers, "all people have their trials. "Let any boy speak a word without leave," said Mr. Squeers, "and I''ll take little out of the way, Mrs. Squeers, my dear; I''ve hardly got room life of young men or women when father or mother may enter the hearts of by a good man misguided by false ideas about child training and character of his time in regard to a child''s education when he said to his daughter, boys told Paul on the first day of his school life that he would need a Poor little Miss Pankey spent a great deal of her time in Mrs. Pipchin''s When they reached home, Mr. Gradgrind in an injured tone said to Mrs. Gradgrind, after telling her where he had found the children: "And don''t you think you must be a very wicked little child," said 37711 Venus was the planet of love, Mars, of war and hostility, the sun, hours, imparting its motion to sun, moon, and planets, thus causing day about the earth in the order Moon, Mercury, Venus, Sun, Mars, Jupiter, revolving spheres carrying sun, moon, and planets, regulating light and Chaucer determines the time by observing the position of the sun and by Chaucer''s references to the daily motion of the sun about the earth are References in Chaucer to the sun''s yearly motion are in the same sense Once again in the _Frankeleyns Tale_ Chaucer refers to the sun''s learning during Chaucer''s century, the sun and moon were also held to be By "artificial day" Chaucer means the time during which the sun is century to determine the position of the sun, moon, or planets at any time earth in a definite time, the sun in a year, the moon in 29-1/2 days. 39964 concepts the truth of which cannot be proved by reason, like the natural thought, in order to understand thus by the unit of human reason the philosophy can be a general and objective understanding, or "truth in nature of all concepts, of all understanding, all science, all thought understanding of the general method of thought processes to our special understand the nature of things, or their true essence, by means of Existence, or universal truth, is the general object, there arise quantities, general concepts, things, true perceptions, or Truth, like reason, consists in developing a general concept, the human being, of understanding the nature of things which is hidden nature of reason consists in generalizing sense perceptions, in natural universe is not a mere sum of all things, but truth and life. of logical reasoning to know that truth is the common nature of the 40841 4705 ideas, or impressions, or objects disposed in a certain manner, that is, concerning the idea, and that it is impossible men coued so long reason of ideas, the action of the mind, in observing the relation, would, lively idea produced by a relation to a present impression, in a lively idea related to a present impression; let us now proceed impression naturally conveys a greater to the related idea; and it is on related to the object, which nature has attributed to the passion; impression, when placed on a related object by a natural transition, that means acquires a relation of ideas to the object of the passions: relation of ideas or impressions, nor an object, that has only one relation of impressions and ideas betwixt the cause and effect, in order in the objects or ideas hinders the natural contrariety of the passions, 4723 has a power of framing ABSTRACT IDEAS or notions of things. TWO OBJECTIONS TO THE EXISTENCE OF ABSTRACT IDEAS.--Whether form the abstract idea of motion distinct from the body moving, and which their minds ABSTRACT GENERAL IDEAS, and annexed them to every common name ideas that a general name comes to signify any particular thing. same thing, whereby they are perceived--for the existence of an idea nor passions, nor ideas formed by the imagination, exist WITHOUT the mind, exist without the mind, yet there may be things LIKE them, whereof they possible the objects of your thought may exist without the mind. exist without the mind, like unto the immediate objects of sense. MIND.--Ideas imprinted on the senses are real things, or do really exist; ideas, and the existence of objects without the mind. suggest ideas of particular things to our minds. of our thought is an idea existing only in the mind, and consequently 47658 natural man, the fact is essentially the same--the true reality of The reality then, the knowledge of which is truth, is not the immediate different things, first realities and secondly ideas, and that we can us see what it implies as to the ultimate nature of truth and reality. the ultimate nature of reality and truth, that we are now to examine. Our ideas, by which we try to understand the reality of things are just And so the question arises, how far are our ideas about things truths understand the nature of truth, we shall see reality in the making. working ideas--cause, time, space, movement, things and their the reality of things, and there is but one way of testing the truth of our science is true knowledge, in the objective meaning of truth, for Neither, then, is reality truth, nor appearance error. 53791 all our simple impressions and ideas, ''tis impossible to prove by a same manner as one particular idea may serve us in reasoning concerning ''Tis the same case with the impressions of the senses as with the ideas can plainly be nothing but different ideas, or impressions, or objects their idea, ''tis evident _cause_ and _effect_ are relations, of which ideas of cause and effect be derived from the impressions of reflection ''tis equally true, that all reasonings concerning causes and effects impression to the idea of any object, we might possibly have separated the memory or senses to the idea of an object, which we call cause or idea of the related objects, by a natural transition of the disposition idea, when this very instance of our reasonings from cause and effect ideas, which may be the objects of our reasoning. believe that any object exists, of which we cannot form an idea. 53792 passions, their nature, origin, causes and effects. _that ''tis from natural principles this variety of causes excite is related to the object, which nature has attributed to the passion; resembling impression, when placed on a related object, by a natural ''Tis a quality of human nature, which we shall consider afterwards,[3] that means acquires a relation of ideas to the object of the passions: relation, can ever cause pride or humility, love or hatred; reason reason we must turn our view to external objects, and ''tis natural for But when self is the object of a passion, ''tis not natural In order to produce a perfect relation betwixt two objects, ''tis If morality had naturally no influence on human passions and actions, relation betwixt a person and an object, ''tis natural to found it on passion or sentiment which is natural to me; and ''tis observable, that 55761 percepts given to the senses, i.e., the Material World. and Reality, Subject and Object, Appearance and Thing-in-itself, Ego perception the object appears as given, in thought the mind seems to naïve man calls the outer world, or material nature, is for Berkeley world is my idea, I have enunciated the result of an act of thought, Thought contributes this content to the percept from the world of instead of a world-knower, subject and object (percept and self) would object, determined by natural law, is perceived by us as a process of all that is objective would be contained in percept, concept and idea. with external objects the idea is determined by the percept. of action lying outside the real world of our percepts and thoughts, in knowledge, man lives and enters into the world of ideas as effective moral activity depends on knowledge of the particular world 5827 of ''sense-data'' to the things that are immediately known in sensation: arises as to the relation of the sense-data to the real table, supposing we have to consider the relation of sense-data to physical objects. place at different times has similar sense-data, which makes us suppose sense-data, I should have no reason to believe that other people exist physical objects as we should naturally infer from our sense-data. physical object corresponding to the sense-data in the way in which an relations of sense-data, the physical objects themselves remain unknown in fact, have acquaintance with things without at the same time knowing therefore to consider acquaintance with other things besides sense-data that knowledge of physical objects, as opposed to sense-data, is only sun: you then know the same fact by the way of knowledge of _things_. have knowledge of a thing by acquaintance even if we know very few 63022 9662 All the objects of human reason or enquiry may naturally be divided Matters of fact, which are the second objects of human reason, are natural reason and abilities; if that object be entirely new to him, he particular effects into a few general causes, by means of reasonings natural objects, by observing the effects which result from them. reach the idea of cause and effect; since the particular powers, by common experience, like other natural events: But the power or energy by Inference and reasoning concerning the operations of nature would, from natural causes and voluntary actions; but the mind feels no difference He reasoned, like a man of sense, from natural causes; but reasonably follow in inferences of this nature; both the effect and most natural principles of human reason.[32] But what renders the matter we can reason back from cause to new effects in the case of human