Methodi practicæ specimen An essay of a practical grammar; or An enquiry after a more easie and certain help to the construing and pearcing of authors; and to the making and speaking of Latin. Containing a sett of Latins answerable to the most fundamental rules of grammar, and delivered in an easie method for the first beginners to make Latin, at their entrance on the rules of construction. By Christopher Wase, M.A. teacher of the Free-School at Tunbridge in Kent. Wase, Christopher, 1625?-1690. 1667 Approx. 225 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 51 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2006-02 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A65219 Wing W1020 ESTC R217150 99828850 99828850 33282 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. 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Latin language -- Dictionaries -- English -- Early works to 1800. 2005-08 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2005-09 Apex CoVantage Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2005-10 John Latta Sampled and proofread 2005-10 John Latta Text and markup reviewed and edited 2006-01 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion Methodi Practicae Specimen . AN ESSAY OF A PRACTICAL GRAMMAR ; OR An Enquiry after a more easie and certain help to the Construing and Pearcing of AUTHORS ; and to the Making and Speaking of Latin. Containing a Sett of Latins answerable to the most Fundamental Rules of Grammar , and delivered in an easie Method for the first Beginners to make Latin , at their entrance on the Rules of Construction . By Christopher Wase , M. A. Teacher of the Free-School at Tunbridge in Kent . The Fifth Edition Corrected and Amended . — Quantum vertice ad auras Aethereas , tantum radice in Tartara tendit . London , Printed by A. Maxwell , and are to be Sold By Samuel Gellibrand , February 11. 1667. TO THE READER . IT must not be denied , That the present Age hath brought to light great helps to the Instruction of Youth in the Latin tongue : For those who in foreign parts have invented means for the expediting of this , it may suffice to instance in that great Regulator of School-Policy , who hath much matured the Learning of Tongues , the Reverend and Singularly Ingenious Comenius . At home , divers happy pieces have been published ; with all which , it might further conduce to the facilitating that employment , if the work of making Latin were put into an orderly and artificial course , which seems to have been left too much at large , not with us onely , but in other parts , as far as I can understand . I hope it will be approved to the Judicious Reader , that this labour is not unnecessary , if he shall with me reflect , 1. That there are wholly wanting assistances of Technical Books , which might draw on Children to the exercise of the several or most principal operations of Grammar in train , for translating out of the Vulgar into Latin. It would turn to better account , if as the Children are intrusted with any stock , they were required to trade with it , and were directed orderly to refund it in practice . II. That it is more difficult to learn the Reason of the Latin Tongue by pearcing of Authors , than by making Latins ; the investigation of the Theam from the Obliques , being far more various than the descending from the Theam to the Obliques , by certain and uniform Characteristicks . III. That it is evident by an Induction of the several Arts , amidst which we converse , That as without the direction of a Master , it is difficult by bare practice to arrive to the perfection or truth of an Art : So that neither is it much riddance , if a Master should couch in writing the several operations of his whole Art , and exact of his Novice to commit it all to memory , and end before he fall to practice any particulars of it , and thereby to understand them : But the most easie , speedy , and familiar way is , after very short , general Instructions , concerning the terms of that Art premised , if the Learner put his hand to the work , that particular Problems be laid down in a clear direction ; this followed with manifold working , that reviewed and polished with continual correction . Thus the understanding will run parallel with the memory ; for we then only know a rule of working , when we can do the work . IV. To distribute Grammar into Problems , makes it more comprehensible to a narrow-sighted understanding , and more portable for the weak memory of a Child ; that strength may in a convenient time remove a Sack of Corn into a Store-house , if it be parcelled into proportionable burdens ; which can in no time carry it away , by heaving to lift at once , that which is a burden over-proportioned to it . V. This may be some defence for the seeming compass that this method carries the Learner about ; for the attainment of Arts and Sciences , is well compared to the climbing a steep Hill. Our fancy may contrive to spring up perpendicularly , but it will be found the most feisible and easie way to gain the top by a spiral ascent . VI. Hereby different Capacities are comprehended , quicker Apprehensions will be informed and confirmed , and brought to a habit of ready working , while the slower are not discouraged , nor wholly left behind : Some wits are of a more yielding , others of a more sturdy nature . Now each single instance propounded to be wrought , is as a knock of a Hammer to rivet into the understanding and memory , that rule upon which it depends in the working , and the several heads of sense serve the more to clench it down . VII . Nor is it any real compass that this method takes more than others , if we consider the perpetual parts and repetitions used in learning the Grammar ; for to work by the same rule in forty examples , is less tedious both to Master and Scholar , and makes more to the understanding that rule , and is not longer than to repeat and hear the rule forty times over . VIII . Yet because wits are not of equal acuteness , and some do more readily apprehend the propounded rule than others can ; If a single Pupil be instructed , when he sufficiently perceives the operation , and the particular Cases of it are salved , it matters not , that he be detained to pass through all those proofs that are here offered ( which yet would be not without profit to him ) but he may speed on to the following Fundamental Canons , and there will be no abruptness in such proceeding , only if the rule be carried before in the understanding ; the best expedition for Forms , is , That upon discovery of differing parts , they be not unequally matched : So that the prudence of the Master may make it neither too long for the more quick , nor too short for the more slow . And as the received method is a means to discover the inequality of memories , so this will be helpful to try the quickness of apprehensions . IX . That the examples are not very coherent , not classical , but plain ; and the way hath somewhat of new in it ; these several Objections admit a distinct solution , not very difficult to be found out ; the first only must be excused , the latter three defended and owned . Indeed it were to be approved , that besides the truth of Rule , a constant harmony of Sense might run through the whole body of examples in the Art : For then the mind would be less distracted , and dwell more willingly upon its work and the intention of the instances be more evident . If it be narrowly looked into , this hath been attempted in the present Scheme ( however the difficulty of the matter , with the inability of the Author , may have occasioned a coming short of what may be in this point imagined and desired ) so that a dis-joyned Conformity , and grateful Variety , have been aimed at in the whole ; the Heads of Sense being drawn from the World , Natural , Artificial or Moral ; Neither are they yet more unsuitable to one another , than the Examples throughout the received Grammar . Now that this might be effected , it was secondly proper to cast a Sett of Sentences , rather than to no advantage , ambitiously to collect them from the Authors of Latin. Why must it be stood upon to attest the constant and ordinary expressions of the Tongue from the pure Writers ? or what are Tully , Seneca , Terence , Virgill , Ovid , to him that enters on his Accidents ? Is not the Master's authority to him more known and more important ? Aristotle saith rightly , The Learner must believe , I have herein asserted that freedom to Grammar , which Writers of other Arts take to themselves , and Comenius the great advancer of Didacticks does ordinarily challenge . These were thirdly , calculated for the weakest capacities of raw and tender beginners , to be familiar in Sense and Analogious ( ordinarily ) in construction , and laid even one by another in an orderly contexture , wherein nothing sublime or profound , nothing anomalous , nothing preposterous , might trouble the young Learner ; and if this be blamed , with as just reason may a Nurse or Mother be blamed who should remove out of the way whatever might be occasion of stumbling to her Child that is upon practising to go alone . No ground is plain enough to preserve Children from knocks at that time ; nor can any method be so clear , but Novices will at first be apt to mistake till they be set upright ; the charge must here lie rather after an information , whether it be plain enough . Fourthly , If upon an inquiry it appear to design somewhat unattempted hitherto by the several Compilers of Grammar , whether at home or abroad , this will vindicate the Author from the imputation of a Plagiary . Indeed here is offered at an artificial System of Vulgars ( as some term them ) or ( exercises of Translation from the Mother-tongue into Latin ; therefore by others from the opposite term called ) Latines ( as what they are to be made . ) The whole care of this hath hitherto been left to the leisure of Masters , who are either put to the trouble of perpetual dictating Latins proper to the proficiency of those Forms which they instruct , or else to put them to some English Author , and exact of them to translate tasks out of it ; which is at once to lay the whole weight of the Latin Grammar upon a Beginners shoulders : We bring them to pearse Latin , by leading them through Sententiae Pueriles , and Pueriles Confabulatiunculae , and Corderius Colloquies , and so to Aesop's Fables , Cato's Distichs , Terence , and the easier pieces of Ovid and Tully . Ought not the same condescension to be used in requiring the Work from them ? should they be at once , at the very first engaged upon the whole work of Grammar promiscuously ? Allowing , that they have the whole body of Grammar in their memories ; yet if they have it not in their understandings , it is but like Cash committed to their keeping locked up ; they should be accountable onely for so much as is intrusted to them under their own Key . Now a single example does very difficultly open to so young Beginners a general rule ; but manifold practice sliding from the Vulgar to the Latin Tongue , is a more certain and ready Key . And besides this difficulty to the Learner , promiscuous Latines are an insufficient proof of Grammar skill ; they are unequitable to the young Student , and inadaequate to the work , Contingent practice cannot without a great tract of time , let one into a full knowledg of any Art , nor does it then certainly . These two Reasons may serve to maintain the Introduction of the Latin Praxis to be proved by the Rule , concurrently with the English : By which Analysis and Genesis of Latin , it may become familiar to them to ascend from the Obliques to the Theam , and to descend from the Theam to the Obliques , as a Seaman attains by custom to run up and down the Ladder of a Mast , which would be difficult to one not practised to it : Nor is this method considerably differing from the received way in Schools , but only a superinducing of a further help , which may appear to have been wanting in carrying them on in the received Authors . X. What I apprehend a more material Objection , is ; That though my liberty in conceiving Examples be allowed , though the way be granted pleasant , because more coherent then ordinary , easie , and so far new , as is not abhorrent from , but subservient unto the received order of Teaching : Yet these proceedings while they indulge the ease of the Learner , lead him by fallible way marks ; when he lances into an Author , he shall not find those measured uniform clauses those intire sentences , those analogous parts ; another face of Oration will present it self . He must engage with language in a stile different from the Engl. composition : which way will our young Practitioner in Latin , now turn himself ? If the artificial and umbratile method fail in encounters with natural language , it delights fairly ; but inconveniences foreseen are in a fair way to be prevented . The way marks of the Latin language , are the Terminations of Nouns and Verbs principally , with other accidents of the Tongue , which are more evidently propounded , and rendred more familiar by use in this method . The easiness which arises from suiting the clauses under their Rule , from giving entire sentences , from picking cut regular parts of the sentence , from putting a composition commensurate to the known order of our Native Tongue , onely prepare the Learner to be acquainted with , and prompt in the Declensions and Conjugations , by passing on without rubs . It hinders not , that a child may grow up to travel in rugged ways , who hath learned to set his steps upon the smoothest pavement , and from before whom , at first , all causes of stumbling have been studiously removed ; yet even this formality is endeavoured to be taken off , by throwing several sentences under their proper Rule , into an arbitrary order in Verses , by subjoining Observations concerning the peculiar composition of the Latin Tongue , by drawing up the Anomalies into a Synoptical Table , by advising the Learner of the usual abr●dgment of sentences ( especially when he is carried on to look into the construction of Zeugmatical Periods ) by summing up divers Rules into one Recapitulatory Practice ( whereby those contrived equalities fall off , and only the Rule sticks by . ) XI . Now , though it be admitted , that this course is profitable to the Learner of Latin , it will not therefore follow , that a like innovation would be as useful in learning the Greek , because there is a disparity of Reason . This is taken up by Children , and those wholly unacquainted with the Art of Grammar ; that is superadded to them grown more adult , and well versed in the Latin Grammar , especially when the Accidents of the Latin are far more incommensurate to the English , than those of Greek are to Latin. XII . The only Postulate of this Method , is , That the Scholar be able to write , who shall do well to have a Dictionary of his own ; and is further desired to get a Paper-Book , wherein to enter his Latins fair after correction , that so he may have by him a Sententiae Pueriles , which he may frequently read with understanding and delight , as being of his own making . XIII . The desired benefit of it is , that the industrious Student may understand Grammar , and with ease pass on unto , and with speed and profit pass through the received Authors . XIV . I find by a Book newly published and come to my hand , that a like design hath been contrived & successfully practised by Mr. Charles Hool . I have reason to be much confirmed by the testimony of so worthy an Author , whom , though by face unknown , yet from his Translations seen by me , and the Preface to Cato's Distichs I have honoured not only as candid and industrious , but acutely judicious in Didacticks : Not that I should pass by his being experienced in teaching , who was ( as I collect from his New Discovery of the old Art of teaching School ) a School-Master , before I was a School-Boy . In the last mentioned Book , pag. 57 , 58. also 118 , 119 , 120. his notion concerning such like Scheme , and his progress and practise in it , are exprest . I promise my self when I shall attain to see his pieces of this nature published , that the defects in this Essay may be much redressed : And this my attempt may confer , if nothing of light or strength to the work , yet the weight of a witness to the way . XV. I can safely from Experience testifie , concerning the one part of this Work , that is , the Train of Englishes to be done into Latin , that hereby without much tediousness , either of Scholar or Teacher , the attentive Learner hath with speed and ease been let in to a steady skill of making Latin , and to perceive with evidence , the contexture of the Latin stile . What is further contributed hereto by the other Additionals , the Work not being published through want of Copies , I could not make trial ; the Reasons of adding them , have been above mentioned . Advertisement to the READER . BEing required to render an account of the Etymological part of this Grammar contained in the two first Leaves , as to the Order , Sufficiency , and use of it , I do thus endeavour to perform it briefly . The Verb I consider according to the Character of the Infinitive , given as short ( answering the Barytone of the Greek ) or long ( in an equal number of Conjugations , with their Circumflex or contract Verbs ) : The first is the most Simple and Standard of the rest , especially in the Tenses deducible from the second Theam , therefore here premitted ; and these Tenses in the long Verbs not repeated . In Conjugating , the Lad is required to give the first Theam , then the Infinitive , which characterizes it Long or Short ; To which , in course , may be subjoyned the two Participles that descend from it , as Tego , tegere ; tegens , tegendus : Afterwards the second Theam with its Infinitive , concluding the two Participles descending from it , Texi , texisse ; tectus , tecturus . In tegendus the three Gerunds are included , as , i , um , o , in oculus ; in tectus the two Supines like the Accusative and Ablative of vultus , um , u , for they are argued ( if not universally agreed ) to be but Verbal Nouns . A sixth Tense is transferred from the Subjunctive into the Indicative , because that Tense is observed sometimes to signifie not Conjunctively . The Subjunctive Terminations are separated from the Imperative . This for the Verb. In the Noun , the first and second Declensions are shifted according to the true and natural order of the Hebrew Gramamrians ; and the course of derivation : for Asper is before Aspera , not the contrary . The Terminations also of the Obliques are set down nakedly as they are to be wrought . I only add this , that this premised part being other where learned , ( as out of the Grammar of Lilly ) yet the Practical part , which is the body of the Book , will make the whole work of the Scholar more plainly and easily parcelled out unto him . Tego tegere Texi texisse . To Cover . Sum esse Fui fu●sse . To be . Possum posse Potui potuisse . To be able . Volo velle Volui voluisse . To will. Nolo nolle Nolui noluisse . To be unwilling . Malo malle Malui maluisse . To be more willing : Fero ferre Tuli tulisse . To bear . The Present tense . TEgo Tegimus Tegis Tegitis tegit tegunt Imperfect . Tegebam Tegebamus Tegebas Tegebatis tegebat tegebant Future . Tegam Tegemus Teges Tegetis teget tegent Perfect . Texi Teximus Texisti Texistis texit texerunt Pluperfect . Texeram Texeramus Texeras Texeratis texerat texerant Near-Future . Texero Texerimus Texerit Texeritis texerit texerint Sum Sumus Es Estis est sunt Eram like Texeram Ero Erimus Eris Eritis erit erunt Possum Possumus potes potestis potest possunt Poteram like Eram Potero Ero Volo Volumus Vis Vultis vult volunt Nolo Nolumus Nonvis Nonvultis nonvult nolunt Malo Malumus Mavis Mavultis mavult malunt Fero Ferimus Fers Fertis fert ferunt The Subjunctive Mood is form'd from the Conjugated Verb by this Rule : Turn o into am ; add m. Turn i into erim : add m : as from Tego Tegam s. t. mus . tis . nt . But Tegere , Tegerem Sum , Possum , Volo , Nolo , Malo , make Sim , Possim , Velim , Nolim , Malim . Texi Texerim Texisse Texissem The Subjunctive Mood is used with Particles which conjoyn Sentences , as ut , uti , utinam ; ni , si , nisi ; quod , cum , The Present also forbids with ne , and bids being set by it self . The Imperative Mood is form'd from the Present redoubled , by casting away re , or the last syllable ; as , Tegere , Tege . Tege Tegite Dicere , Ducere Facere , cast dway the short e also ; and from Nolle cometh Tegito Tegitote tegito tegunto . Noli Nolite Nolito Nolitote The Participles , Tegens covering , Tegendus to be covered , Tectus covered , Tecturus about to cover . The three last of which , are commonly joyned with sum . The Passive Voice : Togor , tegi . Tegor Tegimur Tegeris Tegimini tegitur teguntur Tegar ris , tur : mur , mini , ntur . Tegerer Tegebar Tegebamur Tegebaris Tegebamini tegebatur tegebantur Tegere Tegimini Tegitor Tegiminor tegitor teguntor . Tegar Tegemur Tegêris Tegemini tegetur tegentur . The long verb hath three Conjugations . 1. are . 2. ere from eo ; 3. ire . ●do laudare Laudavi laudavisse , To praise . ●eo monere Monui monuisse , To advise . ●io punire Punivi punivisse , To punish . ●do laudamus Moneo monemus Punio : imus ●das laudatis Mones monetis Punis : itis ●dat laudant monet monent punit : * iunt ●audabam , Monebam , Puniebam , like Tegebam . ●dabo Laudabimus Monebo Monebimus Punia : iemus ●dabis Laudabitis Monebis Monebitis Punies : ietis ●dabit laudabunt Monebit Monebunt Puniet : ient ●dor Laudamur Moneor Monemur Punior : imur ●daris Laudamini Moneris Monemini Puniris : imini ●datur laudantur monetur monentur punitur : iuntur Laudabar , Monebar , Puniebar , like Tegebar . ●dabor Laudabimur Monebor Monebimur Puniar : iemur ●daberis Laudabimini Moneberis Monebimini punieris : iemini ●dabitur laudabuntur monebitur monebuntur punietur : ientur The Subjunctive Mood of the first of the long , turns o ● em . The Imperative Mood of the long-Verbs keeps their Vowel . ●uda Laudate Mone Monete Puni Punite ●dato Laudatote Moneto Monetote Punito Punitote ●dato laudanto moneto monento punito * puniunto ●udare Laudamini Monere Monemini Punire Punimini . ●udator Laudaminor Monetor Moneminor Punitor Puniminor . ●dator laudantor monetor monentor punitor puniuntor . A Noun is exprest as a Verb , with Number , Singular and Plural . An Eye , Eyes , Oculus , Oculi . A Cheek , Cheeks , Gena , Genae . An Ear , Ears , Auris , Aures . A Lip , Lips , Labrum , Labra . From three Plurals , ending in i , ae , s , arise three Declensions . In each Declension we consider three places of the Noun in its Sentence : The After noun of , the After verb , the After-sentence to , with . i ae s Oculi Oculorum Genae Genarum Auris Aurium Oculum Oculos Genam Genas Aurem Aures Oculo Oculis Genae â , Genis Aurie , Auribus . There are also Plurals ending in a , which want the second Case . A from um it of the first Declension : A not from um is of the third ; as Labrum , Labra , thus ; but Caput , Capita , otherwise . um a     Labri Labrorum Capitis Capitum . xx xx xx xx Labro Labris Capiti , e Capitibus . There are also of the third in s , Nouns contracted in ûs , as Vultus , Vultûs ; and in ès , as Facies , Faciês . Vultûs . Vultuum Faciei . Facierum . Vultum . Vultus . Faciem . Facies . Vultui , u. Vultibus . Faciei , e. Faciebus . PRAXIS I. Nominative and Verb agree in Number . AMnis fluit . The Rose withers . Torrens ruit . The Blossom blasteth . Imber cadit . The Flower fades . Flumen vadit . The Morning hasteth . Nix solvitur . The Sun sets . Aether volvitur . The shadow flies . Ros arescit . The Candle wastes . Vita vanescit . Man dies . The Moon waxeth . Luna decrescit . The Water flows . Aqua refluit . The Grass springs . Herba mar●ascit . The Wind blows . Ventus reflat . Rota Versat . Res fluit ; ardet amor . Res defluit ; alget amicus , Sol micat , umbra patet . Sol cadit , umbra later . Culter secat . A Spade digs . Gladius necat . Rake gathers . Cuneus find it . Prong pitches . Securis scindit . Sickle reaps . Virga caedit . Saw cuts . Fustis laedit Whet stone whets . Corrigiae st●ingunt , tenet uncus , fibula nectit . Fila suunt , figit subula , pungit acus . Ager aratur . Wool is spun . Gleba dimovetur . Yarn is weaved . A●vum sepitur . Cloth is dyed . Fossa sóditur . A Garden is sowed . Discitur ars , aedes fabricantur , quaeritur esca ; Explorantur ag●i , sollicitantur aquae . Irretitur avis , terretur cerva , feritur Piscis , plantatur terra , rigatur olus . Agnus nutritur , mulgetur vacca , putatur Vitis , caeduntur ligna , domantur equi . Carpuntur flores , resecantur prata , premuntur Cerae , conduntur mella , cremantur apes . Tondentur lanae , velluntur lina , leguntur Poma , seges metitur , contumulatur homo . A Burler twitches . A Cloth-worker furbishes . Knots are twitched . Garments are furbished . A Sheer-man Sheers . A Dyer dies . Flocks are sheered . Cloaths are dyed . Net netrix , Textor contexit , Mango resarcit . Fullo lavat , Vendit venditor , Emptor emit . Tornio tornat . Sartor sarcit . Mensa tornatur . Vestes sarciuntur . Vietor viet . Sutor suit . Dolia vientur . Calcei suuntur . Artifex operatur . Cerdo suit , Faber aedisicat , Crustarius albat . Vectat nauta , Fodit fossor , Arator arat . The Heart thinks . Digitus indicat . Task is thought , Scriptum indicatur . Eye sees . Unguis scabit . Book is seen . Caput scabitur . Ear hear . Manus tractat . Master is heard . Pagina tractatur . Tongue whispers . Pes ambulat . Lesson is whispered . Terra ambulatur . Infans vagit , Homo loquitur , Vulpecula gannif . Hinnit equus , mugit bucula , balat ovis . PRAXIS . II. THe Substantive-Verbs , Sum , Fio , and Passives Dicor Appellor , &c. draw a Nominative after them . Suber est arbor . The Rose is a Flower . Spongia est alga . The Whale is a Fish . Canna est arundo . The Lyon is a Beast . Ebur est dens . The Eagle is a Bird. Membrana est pellis . Wine is a Juice . Achates est lapis . A Date is a Fruit. Lilia sunt flores , baccae dicuntur clivae , Bellua balaena est , Vipera bestiola est . A Trade is an Estate . Scholaris est apicula . Labor is a Treasure . Libri sunt flores . Meat is a Refreshment . Schola est alveare . Play is a Recreation . Sapientia est mel . Sleep is Rest. Cessator est fucus . Ars est palma , Schola est ludus , Sunt arma libelli : Praeceptor dux est , Militia est studium . Observ . I. That the Latins delight to pack the Verb last , if the closure of Vowel and Consonant in the beginning and end of words , or of both less harsh Consonants permit , as Suber arbor est : Achates lapis est . So that if the Verb couple different numbers , as Olera sunt cibus , Boletus est deliciae : The Verb put last , complies with the Nominative next before it , as Olera cibus est . Boletus deliciae sunt , Florum colores horti decus est . II. That the Latins use frequently to leave out the Substantive-Verb , especially in Similitudes , as Avis , navis ; pectus , prora ; venter , carina ; alae , remi ; cauda , gubernaculum . So Homo , bulla ; vita , spithama . Covetousness is a Vice. Avaritia appellatur frugalitas . Liberality is a Vertue . Liberalitas dicitur profu●io . Wealth is a help . Temperantia vocatur austeritas Poverty is an hindrance . Ebrietas habetur hilaritas . Laziness is a sleep . Clementia putatur senitas . Praise is a spur . Disciplina nominatur asperitas . Copia fit morbus , Paupertas est medicina . Paupertas dolor est , fit medicina labor . Infans fit Puer . Puer Adolescens . Adoiescens Vir. Vir Senex . Puella Anus . Tyro Veteranus . Vitulus fit Bos. Haedus Caper . Agnus Ovis . Catulus Canis . Verres Aper . Ovum Pullus . Fructus fit Arbor . Malum Malus . Pyrum Pyrus . Prunum Prunus . Cerasum Cerasus . Glans Quercus . PRAXIS III. OF ( after a Noun ) is a token of the Genitive Case Juba est honor Equi . Crista Galli . Cauda Pavonis . Apex Upupae . Clusters are the ornament of the Vine . Flowers Garden . Oaks Wood. Ships River . Est Rosa laus florum , Balaena est terror aquarum : Est I co rex pecudum ; Rexavium est aquila . Fax noctis Luna est ; Titan est flamma Diei ; Est homo Rex mundi ; Rex hominum Deus est . Peace is the Mother of Plenty . Plenty Pride . Pride Discord . Discord War. War Poverty . Poverty Humility Humility Peace . Abundantia est filia Artis . Saturitas Abundantiae . Pigritia Saturitatis . Egestas Pigritiae . Fames Fgestatis . Industria Famis . Ars Industriae . Est ce● sús nutrix , hominum concordia ; Fabri In rumenta juvant ; Militis arma no●ent . Acontempt of Error is the fruit of Prudence . Money Justice . Dangers Fortitude . leasures Temperance . Amor Iusûs est la●es ●ueritiae . Voluptatis Adolescentiae . Lucri Senectutis . Otii Vitae . Flos perit aetatis , virtutis gemma perennat . Gemmae durat honos ; gloria floris abit . Observ . The Genitive is usually put first in order , so in Terrae motus , Aquae ductus . PRAXIS IV. A Noun following a Verb , is of the Accusative Case . Amor acuit Amorem . Benevolentia Benevolentiam . Beneficentia ●eneficentiam . Ira Iram . Lis Litem . Vindicta Vindictam . Vertue exceeds Vertue . Reward Reward . Fault Fault . Punishment Punishment Learning Learning . Form Form. Labor precedes Rest. Work Reward . Seed-time the Harvest . Warfare Pay. The Race the Prize . Life Death . Quies excipit Laborem . Merces Opus . Messis Sementem . Stipendium Militiam . Palma Cursum Mors Vitam . Peace breeds Plenty . Plenty Pride . Pride Discord . Discord War. War Poverty . Poverty Humility . Humility Peace . Abundantia comitatur Artem. Saturitas Abundantiam . Pigritia Saturitatem . Egestas Pigritiam . Fames Egestatem . Industria Famem . Ars Industriam . Lis odium generat ; Corcordia nutrit amorem . Ira pa●it litem : Jurgia solvitamor . A Bank bounds a River . Aves faciunt nidos . The shore breaks the Sea. Apes struunt favos . The brink contains a Well . Araneae texunt telas . An Hedg incloses a Field . Sciurus frangit nuces . A Bulwark defends an Army . Sus vorat glandes . A Wall surrounds a City . Talpae fodiunt cubilia . Vallat spina rosas , praetentant hordea spicas . Ostrea testa tegit , cornua taurus habet . A Soldier buys a Sword. Reaper a Sickle . Ditcher a Spade . Taylor a Needle . Cobler an Awl . Barber a Razor . Weaver a Shuttle . Dyer a Copper . Clothier Wool. Scholar Books . Pileo vendit Pileos . Sutor Calceos . Bibliopola Libros . Chirothecarius Chirothecas . Candelarius Candelas . Sutor Ocreas . Pistor Panes . Lanius Carnes . Pectinarius Pectines . Pellio Pelles . Nauta regit navem , currus auriga gubernat , Verrit arator humum , Plaustra bubulcus agit . Scruta polit polio , Condensat pileo lanas , Ligna faber fabricat , Tornio tornat ebur . Tornio tornat mensas A Burler twitches knots . Vietor viet dolia . Shearman shears flocks . Sartor sarcit vestes . Clothworker furbishes garments . Sutor suit calceos . Dyer dyes Cloaths . Pensa trahit netrix . Ordîtur stamina textor . Fullo lavat pannos . Mango resarcit opus . Observ . 1. These are called Verbs Active or Transitive . 2. The emphatical parts of a sentence , are the front and reer-Hither the Verb is often transposed . Vendit pileos pileo , Calceos sutor vendit . Nutrit nil ignis , Tellus animalia pascit , Scindit avis nubes , Flumina piscis amat . The Gun breaks . The Gun breaks a Gate . A Candle burns . A Candle burns a Thred . The Ale cools . The Window cools the Ale. The Father of a Fool grieves . A Fool grieves the Father . The Thief hangs . The hangman hangs a Thief . The Ale heats . The Fire heats the Ale. The Wax melts . The Fire melts the Wax . The Heart rejoyces . Success rejoyces the Heart . Timber rots . Water rots Timber . A King rules . A King rules the People . The Ship sinks . The Gun sinks the Ship. The House-keeper wakes . ●he Cock wakes the House-keeper . Remember some Verbs draw after them a Peculiar Case . Genitive . Memini . Reminiscor . Recordor . Obliviscor . reum criminis . Moneo Accuso Arguo Convinco Damno Absolvo Misereor . Miseresco . Satago . Double Accusative . Doceo . Rogo . Posco . Celo . Passives with an Accusative . Induor Moneor Doceor Rogo Poscor Dative Adûlor . Blandior . Cedo . Do. Edîco . Faveo . Gratulor . Haereo . Indulgeo . Lenocinor Moderor . Muto . Opitulor . Parco . Queror . Respondeo . Suadeo . Tempero . Valedico . Commodo , Incommodo Prosum , Obsum Placeo , Noceo , Irascor , Minor. Impero , Pareo . Dominor , Servio . Credo , Promitto . Confido , Reddo . Polliceor , Solvo . Medeor , Nubo . Ablative . Vescor , vivo , creor , nascor satus , editus , ortus , Victito , sto , consto , nitor fungor , fruor , utor . Careo . Egeo . Indigeo . Opus est . Vinco . Abundo . Affluo . Impleo . Onero . Levo . mercem pretio . Aestimo Emo Licitor Vendo Potior PRAXIS V. TO and For ( the use of another ) are tokens of the Dative Case . Ager profert . Herbam ovibus . Semina avibus . Flores apibus . Fruges hominibus . The fire boils Meat for the Cook. Beer for the Drawer . Clothes for the Dyer . Medicines for the Apothecaries . Sylva nuces praebet pueris ; Hastilia praebet Sylva viris ; Praebet sylva seni baculum . A Bow case i● fitted to a Bow. Quiver Arrows . Scabbard a Sword. Sheath . a Knife . Calcei accommodantur ●edibus . O●reae ●ibiis . Chirochecae m●nibus . Femoralia femorib . Piscibus exsultant pinnae ; rota curribus ardet ; Navi vela tument ; ala movetur avi . Corn grows for the Husbandman . Punishment is prepared for the Malefactor . A Garland is plaited for the Conqueror . Bands are bought for the Prisoner . Conduntur populis leges , arx conditur urbi , Lora crepant canibus , froena parantur equis . Observe after sum a double Dative . Plumae sunt integumento avibus Squamae piscibus Villi canibus Vellera ovibus Setae suibus Capilli capris Prickles are a safe guard to Roses Barbs Barley Shells Oysters Horns Bulls Nails Cats Weapons Men Oves sunt décori Pastori Equi Equiso●… Plantae Hortul●… Milites Duci . ●… Cives Regi . Discipuli Doctori●… PRAXIS VI. WIth or By ( an Instrument ) is a token of the Ablative Case . A Barber shaves with a Razor . Fossor fodit ligone . Taylor sows with a Needle . Faber dolat à sciâ . Sawyer cuts with a Saw. Frondator lignatur securi . Reaper reaps with a Sickle . Sutor suit subulâ . Remo cymba movetur , aguntur lintea vento ; Bos agitur stimulo , cogitur agna pedo . Clauditur arca serâ , signatur epistola cerâ ; Flamma alitur stipulâ ; flamma domatur aquâ . Falce seges metitur , sulcatur vomere tellus ; Cote chalybs teritur , fallitur arte labor . Error is overcome with Prudence . Dorsum premitur onere . Money Justice . pectus premitur curis . Danger Fortitude . Corpus pascitur pane . Pleasure Temperance Cor pascitur doctrinâ . Fertur onus dorso , tolerantur pectore curae . Auribus ars bibitur , manditur ore cibus . A Horse is curbed with a Bridle . Pugna committitur jaculis . A Ship is steered with an Helm . Praelium cernitur gladio . A Bull is tamed with a Yoke . Sagittarius ferit sagittà . A Dog is tyed with a Chain . Spicularius minatur spiculo . A Lyon is restrained with Grates . Hastatus trajicit hastâ . The Mind is ruled with Laws . Tormentarius transverberat globulo . Militat ungue leo , calamis transverberat hystrix . Calce ferocit equus , dente minatur aper . Observe . Time is put in the Ablative case . Vere rosae florent , fruges aestate leguntur : Astra die latitant , sidera nocte micant . PRAXIS . VII . THe latter of two Verbs is of the Infinitive Mood . Piscis docet pisciculos natare Avis aviculas volare . Vermis vermiculos repere . Rana ranunculos saltare . Mothers teach Children to speak . Masters Scholars to read . Scholars School-fellows to study . Truants School-fellows to truant . Nare petunt pisces , gaudent volitare volucres . Currere gestit equus , repere vermis aver . A Soldier knows to manage a Sword. Clerk handle a Pen. Printer Print Books . Gardiner Plant Trees . Lav● Plead Causes . 〈◊〉 Prescribes Medicines . Nauta nescit ●●emere stivam . Arator gubernare clavum . Hortulanus instruere aciem . Imperator agere causas . Pileo suere calceos . Sutor cogere lanas . Texere scit textor . Tinctor scit tingere . Netrix Nere scit . Agricolae rura domare sciunt . Texere vult textor . Tinctor vult tingere . Netrix Vult nere . Agricolae rura domare volunt . Opportunitas debet arripi . The Sun may be overcast : Hora carpi . Vertue may be darkned . Infamia vitari . Life may be extinguished . Existimatio retineri . Fame may be stained . Damna queunt redimi , cernuntur tecta rena●c● . Jacturam lucis Luna replere parat . Crescer● barba solet , revirescere cernitur arbor . Hora redire nequit , fama redire nequit . Aquilae docent pullos involare serpentes . Feles catulos insectari mures . Anates naticulas deglutire ranas . Vulpes vulpeculas praedari anseres . The Ploughman teacheth an Ox to bear the Yoke . Horse-rider an Horse to bite the Bridle . Miller an Asse to turn the Mill. Cook a Puppy to turn the Spit . Pugnarum gaudet memorare pericula miles ; Nauta procellarum damna referre solet . Observ . That the Infinitive of the Substantive-Verbs draw that case after it , which went before it . Magi dicuntur fieri lupi Sagae dicuntur fieri feles Vulgus credit magos fieri lupos . Vulgus credit sagas fieri feles . PRAXIS VIII . THe Preposition requires a Noun in the due Case . These Particles require a Noun in the Accusative Case . Infra , supra , ultra , citra , circa , juxta , Erga , contra , extra , inter & intra . Per , praeter , propter , post , prope , pone , penes , Ob , trans , apud , ante , secundum , ad , versus , adversus . Frons porrigitur infra capillos . Nasus extat frontem . Os a peritur nasum . Mentum prominet os . The Water flows beneath the Earth . Earth is stretched Clouds . Clouds fleet Moon . Moon is rolled Sun. Caput nutat supra collum . Collum vertitur thoracem . Thorax patet ventrem . Venter prominet pedes . The Firmament is spread above the Clouds . Clouds flit Tree . Trees grow Earth . Earth sits Waters . Supra tellurem Solis clementia sulget ; In●ra tel urem ●una gubernat equos . The Shore rises beyond the Sea. Thee Bank rises River . A H●dg is planted Ditch . A Valley sinks Hill. Sagitta volat ultra Metam . Equus nititur Calcem . Discipulus excurrit Lectionē Fama durat Vitam . The Shore rises behither the Sea. The Bank rises River . A Ditch is dug Hedg . A Valley sinks Hill. Sagitta cadit citra Metam . Equus deficit Calcem . Cessator languet Pensum . Pigritia fugit Victoriam . Subsistit pondus citra mare corporis ; ultra Oceani fines pectoris ala volat . A Wall is built about a City . A Bulwark is raised An Army . Hurdles are placed a Sheepfold . The Guard goes the King. Milites excubant circa Praetorium . Vallum ducitur Milites . Fossa secatur Vallum . Equitatus excubat Fossam . The Sheep grazes nigb the Bank. Shepherd sits Sheep . Dog couches Shepherd . Staff lies Dog. Scholaris stat juxta Abacum . Charta explicatur Scholarem . Cornugraphium ponitur Chartam . Regula jacet Cornugraphium . Oceanus circa tellurem porrigit undas ; Oceani juxta littus arena jacet . Observance is required towards a Master . Mildness Servant . Severity Truant . Kindness Schoolfellow Timor exercetur erga Deum . Charitas Homines . Dilectio Fratres . Pietas Parentes . A Captain fights against A Captain . A Soldier A Soldier . A General A General An Army An Army . Eques ruit cōtra Equitem . Pedes Peditem . Nauta Nautam . Navis Navem . Erga tutorem pupillus honore probatur , Erga pupillum tutor amore placet . Contra pisciculos rostrum larus exserit : Ungue Contra perdicem dirigit accipiter . Adversus cervos catulorum militat agmen : Adversus lepores vertragus arma gerit . A Bird without the Cage , slies . Scholar School , skips . Sheep Fold , strays . Fish Water , dies . Gladius extra Vaginam terret . Pecunia Crumenam sollicitat . Nucleus Putamen pascit . Medulla Os nutrit . The Brain quivers within the Scull . Heart pants Brest . Blood flows Veins . Marrow swells Bones . Urina continetur intra Vesicam . Stercus comprimitur Viscera . Saliva spumat Fauces . Lac surgit Mammas . Rugitus intra clathrorum septa leones Dant : Intra caveae texta queruntur aves . Extra clathrorum praedantur septa leones : Coelum , extra caveae vimina , scindit avis . The Rose is Queen am●●g Flowers . Oak Trees . Whale Fishes . Eagle Birds . Sol est Rex inter Stellas . Aurum Metalla . Leo Feras . Adamas Gēmas . Inter aquas Balaena petit Regina vocari ; Inter aves Aquilae regna tenere petunt . The Enemy marches thorow Fire . Water . Swords : The Soldiers pursue Pikes . Cities . Fields . Lepus fugit per Montes . Valles . Sylvas . Catuli sequuntur Amnes . Sepem . Fossam . Per sola mors homines stern it : Mors per mare Pisces Solvit : Per coelum mors populatur aves . Repere vermis avet per humum : Volitare per auras Gaudet avis : Piscis per mare nare petit . A Scholar buys Paper besides Books . Pens Paper . Ink Pens . a Ruler ink a Plumbet a Ruler . Pater-samilias praebet Vestitum praeter Victum . Tectum ●●●●tum . Operam Tectum . Praemia Operam . Poenas Praemia . Praeter balaenam Delphin grassatur in undis ; Praeter vulturium milvius urget aves . Absynthium hauritur propter Lumbricos . Glycyrrhiza manducatur Tussim . Carduus bibitur Febrem . Sulphur inungitur Scabiem . Laus impertitur ob Diligentiam . Pudor incutitur Negligentiam . Praemium assignatur Modestiam . Supplicium infertur Petulantiam . Because of The Trumpets sounds before the Judg. Bell rings Assembly . Allarum is heard Battle . Token is given Race . Lucifer micat ante Diem . Hesperus oritur Noctem . Turdi discedunt Ver. Hirundines adveniunt Aestatem . Rest is obtained after Labor . A Reward Work. Harvest Seed-time . Pay Warfare . The Prize The Race . Pueritia sequitur post Infantiam . Adolescentia Pueritiam . Juventus Adolescentiam . Senectus Juventutem . Mors Senectutem . Post cursum Solis , venit Hesperus ante tenebras ; Post tenebras , oritur Lucifer ante Diem . The Soldiers go behind the Captain . Children Father . Servants Master . Maids Mistris . Princeps inceditpone Regem . Judex Principem Eques Judicem . Plebs Equitem . Panis habetur penes Pistorem . Caro Lanium . Vinum Cauponem . Frumentum Agricolam . Linum habetur penes Linteonem . Lana Pistorem . Corn● ●utorem . Mater● ●abrum . Pons duci●ur trans ●oss●m . Portitor vehit trans amnem . 〈…〉 〈…〉 versus Patronum . 〈…〉 〈…〉 Iudicem . 〈…〉 Aegrum . 〈…〉 〈…〉 apud Veterinarium . Mariner● 〈◊〉 ●owards the Ship. Soldiers come to Army . Pleaders Town house . Scholars a●ide at School . Note , That Versus is put after its Accusative , as Clientes tendunt patronum versus . Proceres incedunt secundum Dignitatem . Discipuli sedent Doctrinam . Milites laudantur Virtutem . Mercatores aestimantur Divitias . Death is expected according to Nature . Crimes are punished Law. Wealth is fined Custom . Mercy is exercised Will. These Particles require a Noun in the Ablative Case , Abs , ex , cum , coram , prae , pro , sine , de , tenus , absque . Helluo discurrit à tabernâ ad tabernam . cauponâ cauponam . popinâ popinam . lupanari lupanar The Beggar wanders from Place to Place . Chimney Chimney . Door Door . Street Street . A ponto veniunt amnes ; Lux a nocte subit ; Ros stillat ab auris . Grana ruunt ad humum . Ad pontum remeant amnes ; Nox redit ad lucem ; Vapor halat ad auras . Grana ruunt ad humum . Flores colliguntur ex Hortis . Nuces Sylvis Pisces Amnibus . Grana Agris . Wine is squeezed out of Grapes . Oyl Olives . Milk Dugs . Honey Honey-comb Agnus eripitur ex ore lupi . Columba evolat è rostro accipitris . Lepus effugit è rictu canis . Anguisla elabitur è manu piscatoris . Ex Zephyro tepor aspirat , Delabitur humor Ex Austro , Densani ex Aquilone nives . Puer fit ex Infante Adolescens Puero Vir Adolescente Senex Viro Anus ●uellâ Veteranus ●irone Cervus fit ex Hinnulo . Caper Haedo . Ovis Agno . Pullus Ovo . Canis . Catulo . Aper . Verre . Arbor fit ex Fruct● . Malus Malo. Pyrus Pyro . Prunus Pruno . Cerasus Ceraso . Vitis Uvâ. Ex ovo fit avis , Quercus ex glande seruntur . Ex vitulo fit bos , Ex catulo Leo fit . Labor concatenatur cum Quiete . Opus Mercede . Militia ●tipendio . Dolor Gandio . Cura Honore . Mors Vitâ . The Rose is found with Prickles . The Violet Nettles . Honey Wax . Wheat Chaff . Meal Bran. The Bean Huskes . Musta fluunt cum saece . Trapetis manat olivum Cum fracibus . Ponti cum sale spumat aqua , Cum maculis Sol conspicitur . Cum sordibus aurum Nascitur . Est naevo cum probitate locus . Salinum sine Sale destituit usum . Candelabrum Candela Poculum Potu Putamen Nucleo A Well without Water fails Hope . Purse Money Bowl Wine Doctor Learning Mens sine doctrinâ , mundus sine sole videtur ; Absque jugo canis est , absque pudore puer . Proceres apparent coram rege , Reus sistitur coram judice . Ae●prae ferro eligitur . Oculi ardent prae Irâ . Argentū prae aere Genae rubent Pudore . Aurū prae argēto Cor salit Gaudio . Victus prae auro Manus tremunt Timore . Brother pleads for Brother . Sister Sister . Friend Friend . Neighbour Neighbour . Pastor Pastor . People People . Pater agit pro Filio . Mater Filiâ . Filius Patre . Filia Matre. Maritus Uxore . Uxor Marito . Pro grege pervigilat pastor . Pro milite curas Dux patitur . Miles pro duce bella gerit . The Physitian discourses concerning Diseases . Soldier Battles . Lawyer Laws . Merchant Ships . Arator . disserit de tauris . Pastor . ovibus . Venator . canibus . Discipulus . libris . Chirothecae explicantur cubito tenus .     Ocreae pube Fossor madesit genuum tenus .     Piscator aurium Observe tenus is put after the case , and is joyned to the Genitive of Plurals in the third Declension . These serve to the Accusative and Ablative , sub , subter , super , in , clam . In and sub after Verbs af Motion , require an Accusative Case , otherwise an Ablative . Pecus abditur sub umbras . Canis mensam Felis lectum . Vermis terram . A Ship flies under a Harbor . Hare Heath . Stag Thicket . Soldier Castle . Navis latet sub portu . Lepus ericeto . Cervus fruticeto . Miles turri . Fruits lie under Trees . Acorus an Oak . Nuts an Hazel . Dates a Palm . The People assembles into the Church .   the Town-house .   the Court. sits in a Ship. Discipuli conveniunt in Auditorium . Scholam . Aulam . Cubiculum . manent in Auditorio . Scholâ . Aulâ . Cubiculo . A Sub terram repunt vermes , sub flumina Pisces Merguntur , stagni sub vada rana salit . Sunt sub aquis ranae , sunt sub torrente Lapilli ; Sub terra rostro talpa cubile fodit . In mare flumen abit , flammae nituntur in auras ; Ros cadit in terras , tendit in astra vapor . In sylvis fera regnat , aves spatiantur in auris ; Piscis in undarum gurgite radit iter . Super ( upon ) with either Accusative or Ablative , ( about ) with an Ablative . Vacca cubat super frondibus . Equus stramine . Nauta tabulis . Miles gramine . Glacies geminatur super glaciem . Nix nivem . Pluvia pluviam . Aerumna aerumnam . Pater rogat super filio . Filius rogat super patre . Discipulus lusitat clam magistro . Reus fugit clam custode . More anciently it was joyned to an Accusative , as also clan culum . The use of the Latin does often put the Praeposition to the Verb , which is compounded with it . Rota circumvertitur axem . Amnis praeterfluit urbem . Mare circumlabitur orbem . Navis praetervehit arcem . Littus circumsedet aequor . Volucris praetervolat agros Sol circumvolvitur annum Piscis praeternatat algas . Puer perlegit lectionem . Puer relegit lectionem . Puer perscribit dictamen . Puer rescribit dictamen : Autor peragit opus . Tinctor recoquit pannum Discipulus percurrit pensū . Textor retexit telam . Ambit lympha solum ; Tellus amplectitur undam . Verbs compounded with ab , ex , de , pro ; govern ordinarily an Ablative Case . Usually a Dative Case follows Verbs compounded with sub , super , ad , ( cum ) con , prae , post , ob , in , inter , & ante . Rex super ponit coronam capiti . Victor supponit caput coronae . Hospes apponit cibum hospiti . Dapifer imponit cibum mensae . Discipulus interponit lusum studiis . Athleta opponit artem viribus . Philosophus componit aurum virtutibus . ánteponit virtutes auro . praeponit postponit aurum virtutibus . Observe in Composition , how the end of the Praeposition compounding , or the first Vowel of the Verb compounded , changes . Ad Sub Ob Accumbo . Succumbo . Occumbo . Affundo . Suffundo . Offundo . Aggero . Suggero . Oggero . Appono . Suppono . Oppono . In before b , p , and m , is im ; before r and l takes the same letter . Con before Vowels , and h leaves out n ; before ● , p , and m is com ; before r and l takes the same letter . Ex is e before b , d , g , l , m , n , j , and v , and epoto only . Although in Ancient and in Country words , it abides before those letters . So for Verbs , some turn the first a into e , others turn the first a , ae , or e into i ; three unto u : Calco , Salto , Quatio ; three omit a , Causo , Claudo , Lavo . Emptor transit ab Officinâ ad Officinam . Urbe Urbem . Emporio Emporium . Regione Regionem . Textor sedet ad Jugum . Tornio Tornum . Nauclerus Clavum . Venditor Tabernam . Pannificus tendit Netorem adversus . Lanius Pastorem Pistor Molitorem Bibliopola Typographum Merces debetur ob Opus . Naulum Vecturam . Minerval Institutionem . Sostrum Medelam . Hospes est apud Hospitem Vector Navem . Con●●●● Mensam . Amicus Amicum . Servus est penes Dominum . Pupillus Tutorem . Filius Patrem . Merx Mercatorem . Instrumentum est propter Opificem . Falx Messorem . Tribula Tritorem . Ca●●rum Pistorem . Radius transit per Telam. Subula Corium . Acus Pannum . Serra Lignum . Artifex certat adversus Artificem . Tibicen Tibicinem . Poeta Poetam . Orator Oratorem . Sartor poscit Filum praeter Acum . Scriba Atramentū Pennam . Pharmacopola Mortarium Pistillum . Fissor Cuneum Malleum . Olitor oblectatur inter Olera . Vinitor Uvas . Mellarius Alvearia . Discipulus Libros . Molendinum ponitur juxta Fluvium . Salinae fodiuntur Mare . Diversorium patet Viam . Torcular struitur Vineam . Gladius nitet extra Vaginam . Culter   Thecam . Arcus   Corytum . Sagitta cohibetur intra Pha●… Opus fit ab opifice . Opus sit 〈…〉 Mensa tornatur à tornione . Mens 〈…〉 Dolium vietur à vietore . 〈…〉 arina . Vestis sarcitur à sartore . Pannus texitur ex lanâ . Calceus suitur à sutore . Calceus suitur ex corio . Opifex certat cum Opifice . Faber Fabro . Sartor Sartore . Sutor Sutore . Textor Textore Artifex lauda 〈…〉 Opifice . Coquus ●ixâ . Sartor . Veteramētario . Sutor . Cerdone Nauclerus . R●●ige . Opifex cessat sine Instrumento . Faber Regulâ . Sartor Acu. Sutor Subulâ . Textor Radio . Opifex ●o 〈…〉 de Opere . Arator Bobus . Venator Canibus . Miles Praeliis . Discipulus Libris . Miles pugnat coram Duce . Remex nititur Hortatore . Discipulus studet Magistro . Servus laborat Domino . Ancilla laborat Dominâ . Stipendium solvitur pro Militiâ . Naulum Vecturâ . Sostrum Medelâ . Comistrum Bajulatione . Merces Opere . Mercator quaerit subsidia contra solicitudines . Mercator quaerit subsidia contra paupertatem . Mercator relinquit uxorem cis fluvios citra labores . Mercator relinquit uxorem cis maria citra pericula . Mercator proficiscitur à patriâ exponitur sub dium . Mercator solvit à portu exponitur sub aqua . Mercator sequitur pone praetorem cubat sub di o super paleam cum nautis absque stragulis . Mercator sequitur pone praesidium cubat sub aquis super pellibus cum mercatoribus absque culcitrâ . Mercator fertur adversus socios . Mercator fertur adversus hostes . Mercator vehitur per fluvios praeter syrtes inter praedones prope naufragium circum montes ultra terras Barbaros versus . Mercator vehitur per maria praeter scopulos inter procellas prope captivitatem circum valles ultra stellas Hospites versus . Mercator currit trans fluvios jactatur è terrâ in navem . Mercator currit trans maria jactatur è nave in terram . Mercator patitur frigora ante hyemem aspergitur genuum tenus . Mercator patitur calores ante aestatem aspergitur mento tenus . Mercator moratur extra domum intra navem apud Barbaros procul uxore . Mercator moratur extra patriam intra hospitium apud Hospites procul liberis . Mercator aestimat merces secundum molem . Mercator aestimat merces secundum puritatem . Mercator levat merces erga venditorē coram venditore clam emptore . Mercator gravat merces erga emptorem coram emptore clam venditore Mercator licitatur infra valorem . Mercator indicat supra valorem . Mercator eligit aurum prae argento . Mercator eligit gemmas prae auro . Mercator equitat juxta veredarios . Mercator navigat juxta nautas . Mercator revertitur post menses sine jacturâ . Mercator revertitur post annos sine morbo . Mercator subit pericula propter quaestum reportat quaestum ob pericula . Mercator subit labores propter otium reportat otium ob labores . Mercator appellit ad portum refert merces Pro pecuniâ . narrat de laboribus . Mercator appellit ad patriam refert pecuniam Pro mercibus . narrat de periculis . Mercator relinquit divitias penes uxorem . Mercator relinquit honores penes liberos . PRAXIS . IX . SUbstantive and Adjective agree in Gender , Case , and Number Nouns receive Gender first from their signification of Male or Female as Equus , Lupus , Sponsus , Dominus Masculine     a & Agnus , Cervus , Filius , Servus Feminine . or neither of the two ; as Saxum , Metallum , Lignum , Mare . Patri filius haeret . Adhaeret filia matri . Servus herum sequitur . Serva ministrat herae . Some being common in signification , are of both Genders . Augur , Vates , Dux , Hostis , Antistes , Civis , Comes , Judex , Sacerdos , Municeps , Miles , Vindex , Autor , Parens , Conjux , Sus , Custos , Patruelis , Infans , Bos , Conviva , Affinis , Haeres , Canis . Or secondly , They receive Gender from their declension ( considering the termination ) by these Nine Rules . a Plural is Neuter , Caput ita . Labrum ra . i Masculine Oculus i Alvus , vannus , humus , domus , are Feminino . Names of Trees fagus , ulmus , ae Feminine Gena ae Some Greek words , as Papyrus , &c. es not increasing is Feminine Auris e●a . from one Syllable is Feminine Voxces b. es increasing long is Feminine Cervixices c. short is Masculine Vertex ices d. us Masculine Vultus ûs ; but Manus , Acus , Tribus , Porticus , Domus ; and Trees , as Quercus , Pinus , are Feminine . ês Feminine Facies ês , Meridies , is Singular and Masculine . Dies Singular is doubtful , Plural Masculine . a Erceu venter , is orbis , fascis , Piscis , & unguis , Callis , caulis , follis , collis , mensis , & ensis , Vermis , funis , panis , penis , crinis , & ignis , Torris , vectis , sentis , postis , fustis , & axis . One. Syllables are Feminiue , except b Sal , Sol , mos , flos , ros , ren , splen , dens pes , simul as , bes , Seps , grips , mons , pons , fons , grex , glis , simul exiguus mus , c En lichen , o Sermo , in io verbalia tolle . Mascula in er , or & os , craterque , laborque , labosque . d Danto genus muliebre superbissyllaba do , go ; Grando , teges , seges , arbor , hyems , compes pecudesque . Ys chlamys , is pyxis , nec non as Graecula lampas , Cassis , item cuspis , carex , forsexque , filixque . Appendix , & coxendix , & lauta supellex . The Doubtful abound in Gender . The Epicoene are deficient Adjectives are of the first and second Declension in us and r , with three terminations , Verus , a um , Asper a um . The Masculine and Neuter are of the first the Feminine is of the second Declension ; or of the third Declension in is , with two Terminations , as Gravis e ; others in the Nominative singular , are but of one Termination in x , velox , us , vetus , rs , solers , ns sapiens , es dives , ar par . Some in er pauper , others in er have three Terminations celer is e. Singulariter Singulariter N. Verus a , um . G. Veri , ae . Acc. Verum am . D. Vero ae . Abl. Vero â. N. Gravis e G. Gravis . Acc. Gravem D. Gravi . Abl. Pluraliter Pluraliter N. Veri ae , a. G. Verorum arum . Acc. Veros as . D. Veris . Abl. N. Graves ia . G. Gravium . Acc. Graves D. Gravibus . Abl. a Duo , ae , o. so D. & Abl. obus , abus ; ambo , likewise . b Adjectives of one termination make their D sing . in i. Abl. in e. The practice of the Gender may be by prefixing , Hic , Haec , Hoc . Hic liber est novus . This Hearth is cold . Haec charta est bibula . This School is empty . Hoc dictamen est mendosum . This Bench is naked . Haec vestis est pulverulenta . This Form is idle . Haec lex est rigida . This Beam is strong . Haec lectio est longa . This Weather is hot . Hic canon est rectus . This Wall is sullied . Hic gradus est alrus . This Play is unseason the. Haec acies est obtusa . This Face is foul . Sometimes the Verb Substantive is omitted as Ars longa Vita brevis . Magister m●tis , Puer sedulus , C●ndisc●pul humani , Methodus facilis , Tempus charum , Nihil adversum , Nemo invidus . Vinum est calidum . Aqua srigida . Crocus puniceus . Lac candidum . Honey is sweet . Wormwood bitter . The Rose tender . The horn rough . Vinum generosum inebriat . Sweet Honey gluts . Aqua tenuis retr●gerat . Bitter Wormwood cures . Lilium pulchrum delectat . The tender Rose pricks . Pomum mite pascit . The rough Thorn sences . Gravitas sentinae soetidae offendit . Facies carceris tenebrosi Stridor serrae asperae Sapor absynthi● amari The Sent of a sweet Perfume delights . Sight of a sair ●icture Melody of a tunable Lute Taste of gene●●●● W●ne Equiso cupit 〈…〉 nitidum . Pastor oves pingues . Vinitor vineam 〈◊〉 . Hortulan● hortum ●rriguum . The Horse loves rank Pa●tures . Sheep the tender Herb. Vineyard warm Hills . Garden fresh Moisture . Seges luxuriat agricolae impigro . Carmina fluunt poetae ingenioso . Oratio torret oratori diserto . Doctrina procedit discipulo studioso . Clients swarm to a skilful Lawyer . The Threshold is worn to a faithful Physitian . Glory lasts to an uncorrupt Judg. Work abounds to an accurate Artist . Animus Inflatur honoribus immodicis . Distrahitur opibus nimiis . Gravatur doloribus ingentibus . Erigitur alloquiis mitibus . Alitur consiliis salubribus . The stomack is pampered with delicate Junckets . fed with solid Meats . relieved with bitter Potions . opprest with various Dishes . cheared with hot liquors . The soft Brain quivers within the hard Scull . quick Heart pants within the broad Brest . red Blood flows within the blew Vein● ▪ moist Marrow swels within the hollow Bones . Margaritae candidae latent intra mare profundum . Venae metalliferae serpunt intra terram opacam . Ferae pervigiles sedent intra sylvas densas . Ranae importunae coaxant intra paludes limosas . Firmamentum stellatum . explicatur extra Regionem aeream Regio aerea Globum terrestre● Equitatus levis propugnac ulū firm Propugnaculum firmum Peditatum tutum . A deep Cellar lies beneath a spacious Hall. spacious Hall. handsome Chamber . handsome Chamber high Garret . high Garret firm Roof . Nasus sagax est insra Frontem patentem . Os Vocale Nasum sagacem . Mentum pendulum Os Vocale . Collum teres Mentum pendulum . A Merchant sails through vast Seas . Soldier charges sharp Swords . Huntsman rushes thick Woods . Scholar passes many Difficulties . A Truant blames a difficult English , besides a long Lesson . a naughty Pen , a difficult English . clotty Ink , a naughty Pen. sinking Paper , clotty Ink. Labor durus absolvitur ante quietem mollem . Opus difficile mercedem justam . Militia aspera stipendium charum . Praelium acre victoriam dulcem . Cursus impiger palmam illustrem . Joyful peace follows after sad War. Clear light the dark Night . The welcome Harvest the wet Seed-time . Heavy disgrace filthy Pleasure . Bitter weeping sweet Laughter . The starry Arches are raised above the fleeting Clouds . fleeting Clouds mountainy Woods . mountainy Woods wide Plains . wide Plains deep Waters . Garments are provided against quivering cold . Meats biting hunger . Houses vehement storms . Medicines various Diseases . The Barley grows with sharp Barbs . Wheat the light Chaff . Peach soft Down . Rose rough Prickles . A Ship reels without a just Ballast . A Horse flings a stiff snufftle . The Thoughts wander honest employment . The Mind swells the Divine Law. Spices are brought from hot Climes : Furrs cold Sands are scattered in dry places . Herbs are generated in wet ●en . AeTas est fagitiva , dies alat a reeedit ; Firma juventa perit , tarda senecta subit . Aurea Sol rutilae permittit fraena diei , Obscurae noctis Luna flagellat equos . Crastina lux noctem pellit , N●x altera lucem Trudit , iners tempus mobilis h●ra rapit . Luna vetus renovare parat dispendia lucis ; Plena novam lucem perdere Luna parat . Post hyemem gelidam tepidum ver incipit Almum Post ver aestivo terra vapore calet . Sub tutas umbras pecus omne recumbit , ab umbris Amnes ad tristes cogitur omne pecus . Autumnus calidam post m●ssem poma ministrat , Post madidum autumnum bruma recurrit iners . Villicus hyberni contra vim frigoris acrem Arida sublimi de strue ligna trahit . Ingens ventosis excitur follibus ignis . Tota domus clarum desidet ante focum : Ad praesepe boves foeno jejunia solvunt , Aspergit durum cana pruina solum . Subducit naves siccas in littora tuta Nauta piger : Tumidi tollitur ira freti . Orbe brevi pronum Sol praeceps conficit annum ; Sol redit : Orbe pari proximus annus abit . Infanti tenero veniunt discrimina multa , Incauto juveni crimina multa placent . Multa viro firmo curarum copia surgit : Invalido morbi dant mala multa seni . Sola manet virtus : Victus sublimior astris , Altior è terris regna superna petit . TUtrices prohibent immitia frigora vestes , Vela ver●cundus quaerit honesta pudor . Pilea lata premunt umbroso margine frontem , Nudus conspicui ce●● it ●r or●s h●nos . Lactea colla decent collaria pura , Lac●rtis Dant niv●is ma●icae vincula pura pares . Virginibus teneris d●cus est armilia , Tyranais Gemmatum circum colla monile sedet . Compar multif●r●m thorac●m fibula n●ctit ; Hamatas caligas excipit ansa tenax . Incurvus patulis immit titur uncus ocellis , Ferratas squamas aura subire nequit . Cingula dividuas renuunt committere braccas , Z●●arum cinctus integra vestis amat . Discrimen f●m●rum gemiaum femor alia produnt , Tibia de proprio nomine tegmen habet . Calceus aptatur pedibus de pelle bovinâ . Vaginam ma●●bus pellis ovina parat . Remember some Adjectives draw after them a Case , Of being joyned Genitive . Measure of quantity in English set first Accusative . unum pedem . Memor . Longus Immemor .     Latus Reus .   Insous .     Crassus Peritus .   Rudis .     Altus Cupidus .   Timidus . Prosundus Verbals in — ax . To being joyned Dative . Of follows these , and a Genitive Ablative . Utilis . Plenus . Noxius . Vac●●● . Charus . may Dignus . Gravis .   Indignus .     Fretus . Fidelis .   Contentus , Infidelis .   Praeditus . Supplex .     Adversa●●us .     Verbals in — bill● .     To is ●●ith these sometime spared Similis .     Dissimilis .     Par.     Impar .     Or with a Genitive .     The whole subscribed by its part , with the property , puts it in the Ablative . Pavo est ales gemmatâ caudâ . Palumbes est avis annulato collo . Vespertilio est animal membranaceis alis . Papilio est infectum picto corpore . Talpa est bestiola crassis oculis . Camelus est jumentum gibboso dorso . PRAXIS . X. THan after a Comparative , is a token of the Ablative Case . The Adjective in the Positive degree , is given with Number . The Comparative turns the Plural i , es into ior .     Superlative issimus .   lis in three .         er Positive errimus .         Facilis Ilimus .       Humilis       Similis     Bonus , Melior , Optimus . Magnus , Major , Maximus . Malus , Pejor , Pessimus . Parvus , Minor , Minimus . Multus , a , um .   plus . Plurimus .   Wisdom is pretionser than a Jewel . Luxury crueller War. Disgrace greivouser Poverty . Industry richer Sloth . Gemma est Vilior Sapientiâ . Bellum Mitius Luxuriâ . Paupertas Levior Infamiâ . Pigritia Pauperior Industriâ . Luna est obscurior sole . Amnis angustior mari . Frutex humilior arbore . Nox tristior die . The Sun is brighter than the Moon . The Sea wider a ●iver . A Tree higher a Shrub . The Day pleasanter the Night . Operarius est illiberalior opisice . Fossor hortulano . Corbulo caementario . Bajulus errario . B●b●lcu agricolâ . Remex nauclero . An Artist is worthier than a Labourer . A Gardiner a Ditcher . A Bricklayer an Hodman . A ●mith a Porter . A Husbandman a Carter . A Pilot. a Rower . Than notes the measure . term . Quantò operarius est illiberalior opifice , Tantò corbulo est indignior coementario By ňow much an Artist is more creditable than a Labourer . By so much a Bricklayer is werthier than a Hodman . Rex appellatur serenissimus . Princeps celsissimus . Dux excellentissimus . Comes honoratissimus . Senator sapientissimus . Aeques illustrissimus . An Orator is stiled most eloquent . A Poet ingenious . A Lawyer practised . A Physician faithful . A Master vigilant . A Scholar studious . Vinum generosissimum acescit . The sweetest Honey gluts . Pomum mi●issimum putrescit . The bitterest Wormwood cures . Rosa suavissima marcescit . The sourest Pear mellows . Gena pulcherrima senescit . The hardest disposition relents . Coma nigerrima canescit . The tenderest Rose Pricks . Lacertus validissimus rigescit . The roughest Thorn fences . Frutices sugiunt vehementissimos ventos . Specus latent rapidissimas procellas . Infantes nesciunt mord acissimas curas . Casae spernunt minacissimos timores . Innocentia refellit atrocissima pericula . Virtus repellit rabiosissimam invidiam . The Winds toss the hugest Ships . Tempests tumble the highest owers . Cares vex the loftiest Lords . Fears disquiet the richest Palaces : Dangers surround the strongest Forts . Envy assaults the most illustrious Vertue . Sunt violae suaves ; Pietas suavissima res est : Suavibus est violis suavior alma fides . Sunt gemmae pulchrae : Probitas pulcherrima res est Est pulchris gemmis pulchrior alma fides . Observ . Adjectives if put alone , understand in the Masculine , Man. Feminine , Woman . Neuter , Thing . Sapiens quaerit scientiam . Omnes appetunt bonum : Justus despicit quaestum . Plerique quaerunt utile . Fortis adit pericula . Multi sequuntur jucundum . Temperatus fraenat cupiditates . Pauci colunt honestum . Lenia jejunus poseit . Satur acria quaerit . Aeger amara bibit . Dulcia sanus edit . Laetos laeta juvant . Delectant tristia tristes . Saeva probant saevi . Mitia mitis amat . Jucundum est sperare . Utile est legere . Jucundius est potiri . Utilius est scribere . Jucundissimum est frui . Utilissimum est scire . Honestum est flectere equum . Aequum est monere pravos . Decorum est tendere arcum . Justum est coercere superbos . Turpe est ignorare literas . Humanum est efferre funus . Belluinum est damnare artes . Pium est nudos vestire . Observ . 2. Adjectives in the Genitive understand Officium . Sapientis est quaerere scientiam . Fortis est adire pericula . Justi est despicere avaritiam . Temperati est fraenare cupiditates . Observ . 3. The Superlative puts the general Nonn in the Genitive . Sol est Fulgidissimus syderum . Aurum Pretiosissimum metallorum . Leo Generosissima ferarum . Adamas Firmissima gemmarum . The Rose is the sweetest of Flowers . Oak solidest rees . Whale hugest Fishes . Eagle swiftest Birds . Praxis I. NOminative and Verb agree in Number . II. The Substantive-Verbs Sum , Fio ; and Passives Dicor Appellor , draw a Nominative after them . III. Of after a Noun is a token of the Genitive Case . IV. A Noun following a Verb , is of the Accusative Case . V. To and For ( the use of another ) , are tokens of the Dative Case VI. With or By an Instrument , is a token of the Ablative Case . VII . The latter of two Verbs , is of the Infinitive Mood . VIII . The Praeposition requires a Noun in the due Case . IX . Substantive and Adjective agree in Gender , Case , and Number . X. Than , after a Comparative , is a token of the Ablative Case . The Recapitulatory Exercise . I. LAbors end , Moneys abide . II. Money is a Safeguard , Money is called a Queen . III. Money is a help of Vertue . IV. Money gains Friends . V. Liberality scatters Money to the Poor . VI. Providence gathers Money for Children . VII . Money is purchased by Labor . VIII . Money is wont to overcome strength . IX . Contentedness seeks Money greediness . keeps without carefulness . X Money is a strong safeguard XI A penny in the Purse , is surer than a Friend in the Court. I. MOneys run , Art sticks . II. Art is an Estate . III. Poverty is the Nurse of Arts. IV. Art finishes Nature . V. Fathers provide Arts for Children . VI. Art is finished by Practice . VII . A Thief can rob Moneys . VIII . Art abides among Thieves , in banishment , after losses . IX . Art is a safe Estate . X. Art is an Estate , safer than Moneys . ADverbs of quantity and quality have the same degrees of comparison as their Adjectives . Puer bonis moribus Studet diligenter . Ludet moderate Legit clarè , distinctè . promptè . Loquitur opportunè , modestè , appositè . Juvat condiscipulum libenter . Salutat hospitem humaniter . The Comparative is formed by turning è into iùs .     Superlative issimè . rè from the Adjective in er , errimè . Benè , meliùs , optimè . Valdè , magis , maximè . Malè , pejus , pessi mè . Parùm , minùs , minimè . Multum , plùs plurimùm . Cessator Valdè cupit luctari . Magis saltare . Maximè jactare pilam . Benè luctatur .   Meliùs saltat .   Optime jactat pilam . Parùm curat legere . Minùs scribere . Minimè componere dictamen . Male legit .   Pejùs scribit .   Pessimè componit dictamen . There are other . Adverbs which are not compared . Non ver perpetuum est : Non est syncera voluptas . Nulli non inter gaudia cura venit . Haud sine sente rosa est . Nux haud sine cortice crescit , Aestivi soles haud sine nube micant . Non est semper hyems : Non vexant usque procellae Nautas ; aeternâ non nive canet humus . Haud bene mortales inflantur tempore laeto ; Rebus in adversis haud malè sperat homo . Undique circumstant humanam incommoda vitam : Saepe fames cruciat : Copia saepe necat . Immodicos sequitur plerumque superbia census , Parvula vix recipit grandia vela ratis . Paene per aeratas turres excurrit egestas , Rarò timet leges imperiosa fames . Frangit membra labor . Corrumpunt otia mentem ; Fallax insidias hostis utrinque locat . Vir vigil in fortem clypeum praetentat utramque Prudenter , Dextrè vir vigil arma movet . The Formation of the Preter tense These double the head repeating a by e. Do , Sto , Mordeo , Spondeo , Pendeo , Tondeo , Pango . Tango , Caedo , Cado , Parco , Pario , Cano , Fallo , Cello , Pello , Tendo , Pendo , Pedo pepêdi . Disco , Posco , Tundo , Pungo , Curro cucurri . are , avi , but Lavo Juvo vi . Sono , Tono , Domo , Mico , Plico , Frico Seco , Neco , Veto , Crepo , Nexo , Cubo ui . êre , ui , but Neo , Fleo , Vieo , — pleo , — leo , evi , — veo , vi , Maneo mansi , Jubeo jussi . L and r before geo , and I before ceo , make it si . Ardeo , Rideo , Suadeo , Haereo , Torqueo , si . Angeo , Erigeo , Luceo , Lugeo , xi . Sedeo , Prandeo , Strideo , Video , di . ire , ivi , but Venio veni , Sancio , Vincio xi . Iaurio , Sentio , Sarcio , Farcio , Fulcio , Sepio , si . Amicio — cui — vi . Salio — ui — ivi . ere , thus Vinco , Linquo , Scindo , Findo , Fundo , Rumpo lose m , n , Ago , Facio , Jacio , Capio make ē , Frango , Tango lose n too . Lego , Edo , Emo , Fodio , Fugio , lengthen their Vowel . c q g h ct make xi . two from ct , insert u also . Necto xi xui . Pecto xi xui . Lambo , Bibo , Scabo bi , Strepo pui , ●edo , Praemo , Uro , Gero , Quatio ssi . d Claudo , Plaudo , Rado , Vado , Laedo , Ludo , Rodo , Trudo , Divido si . Cado , Rudo , Sido , Strido & di . l m n r s t x , in these insert u , Colo , Molo , Volo , Alo. Consulo , Occulo , Fremo , Gemo , Tremo , Vomo , Gigno , genui . Pono posui . Sero , Pinso , Sterto , Meto messui , Texo texui : else Sallo , Psallo ti . Vello , velli , & vulsi . Como , Promo , Sumo , demo psi . Sino sivi , Lino levi , Cerno crevi , Sperno sprevi , Sterno stravi . Sero sevi , Quaero quaesivi , Tero trivi . Verro verri . Arcesso , Lacesso , ivi . Facesso , Capesso ivi & i. Incesso , Viso i. Verto i. Peto ivi , Mitto misi , Sisto stiti . — vo vi , Lacio lexi , Specio xi , Rapio ui , Sapio ui & ivi , Cupio ivi . — uo ui . Pluo pluvi . The Compound-Preters do not double the head , except Disco , Po●co , Do. These put in u. Antecello , Praecello , Excello , Compesco , Dispesco , Occino , Succino , Elicio : But — cumbo , &c. omit m , also Aperio , Operio ui . Intelligo , Diligo , Negligo exi . The Preter Participle does not double the head nor change a into e. does lose n further from Strinxi ui from uo make utus . Pinxi     Finxi     Minxi     Pinsui     Rinxi vi vo d four , sidi , fodi , scidi , sedi ssus , but dedi datus . Pandi pansus & ssus . l make sus . But tuli latus . r peperi partus . s but torsi , hausi , fulsi , farsi , farsi , indulsi , ussi , gessi , tus , misi ssus . ( psi makes ptus . Nexi , Pexi , Flexi , Plexi , Fixi , Fluxi xus . The Preter Participle Compound . Jactus , factus , captus , raptus , fartus , partus , sparsus , cantus , carptus , turn a into e. Status , satus into i. So cognitus , agnitus . The Preter tense of Deponents . Adipisc or adeptus . Amplector amplexus . Comminiscor commentus Complector complexus . Expergiscor experrectus . Fruor fruitus . Fungor functus sum . Gradior gressus . Irascor Iratus . Labor lapsus . Loquor loquutus . Morior mortuus . Nanciscor nactus . Nascor natus . Nitor nisus & xus . Obliviscor oblitus . Orior ortus . Paciscor pactus . Patior passus . Proficiscor profectus . Queror questus . Sequor sequutus . Ulciscor ultus . Utor usus . Divertor , Praevertor , Revertor , borrow the Preter tense Active . In the second long , Fateor fassus , Confiteor confessus , Misereor misertus , Reor ratus , Tueor tuitus . In the third long , Assentior assensus , Metior mensus , Experior , Opperior , Comperior — pertus . Ordior to weave orditus , to begin orsus with the compounds . The Preter Tense of Neuter-Passives . Audeo ausus , Gaudeo gavisus , Fido fisus , Fio factus , Moereo moestus , Soleo solitus . These want the first theam ; Coepi , Odi , Memini . These want the second theam ; Polleo , Renideo , Glisco ; Fatisco , Vergo , Ambigo ; and Denominatives , Inceptives as Puerasco . These want the Preter-Participle . Lambo , Scabo ; Mico , Parco , Dispesco , Compesco , Posco , Disco , Strido , Rudo , Aveo , Paveo , Flaveo , Liveo , Conniveo Ferveo , Satago , Dego , Ango , Lingo , Ningo , Sugo , Psallo , Volo , Nolo , Malo , Tremo . Compounds of Nuo , and Compounds of Cado , besides Occido and Recido . Timeo , Metuo , Respuo , Linquo , Luo , luo , Sterto , Ingruo , Congruo , and Neuters in eo , ui , except Oleo , Doleo , Placeo , Taceo , Jaceo , Noceo , Pareo , Careo , Pateo , Lateo , Valeo , Caleo . There are accounted eighteen Pronouns . Ego , Tu , Sui , Meus , Tuus , Noster , Vester , Suus . Quis ? qui , Is , Iste . Ille , H●c , Ipse , Cujus ? Nostras , Vestras , Singulariter N. Ego . G. Mei . Acc. Me. D. Mihi . Abl. Me. Pluraliter N. Nos . G. Nostrum . î. Acc. Nos . D. Nobis . Abl. Singulariter N. Tu. G. Tui . Acc. Te. D. Tibi . Abl. Te. Pluraliter N. Vos . G. Vestrum î. Acc. Vos . D. Vobis . Abl. Singulariter & Pluraliter N. G. Sui . Acc. Se. D. Sibi . Abl. Se. Sui & suus are interpreted by the forenamed subject . Pater solatur se suis liberis . Mater Parentes solantur Urbs solatur se suis civibus : These six make their Neuter in d. Quis , Quae , Quid , ( but Qui , Quae , Quod ) Is , Ea , Id ; Iste , Ista , Istud ; Ille , Illa , Illud . And Alius , a , ud . Singulariter N. Quis , quae , quid . G. Cujus . Acc. Quem , quam . D. Cui . Abl. Quo î , quâ . Pluraliter N. Qui , quae , quae . G. Quorum , quarum . Acc Quos , quas . D. Quibus or Queis . Abl. Singulariter N. Hic , haec , hoc . G. Hujus . Acc. Hunc , hanc . D. Huic . Abl. Hoc , hâc . Pluraliter N. Hi , hae , haec . G. Horum , harum . Acc. Hos , has . D. His. Abl. Singulariter N. Is. ea , id . G. Ejus . Acc. Eum , eam . D. Ei . Abl. Eo , eâ . Pluraliter N. Ii , eae , ea , G. Eorum , earum . Acc. Eos , eas . D. iis . Abl. Singulariter N. Iste , ista , istud . N. Isti , istae , ista , G. Istius . G. Istorum , istarum . Acc. Istum , istam . Acc. Istos , istas . D. Isti . D. Istis . Abl. Isto â. Abl. So Ille . Alius makes in the G. Sing . Aliîus , D. Alii . B● Ipse , a , um . & Unus , ullus , nullus , solus , totus , make the G. Sin● ius , D. î. Uter , Uterque , neuter , alteruter ,   Alter makes the Gen. Sing . Alterius . The Person speaking and spoken to , have their form . Observo , Innuo , Irascor , Vociferor . Cur ludis ? Cur cessas ? Cur torpes ? Cur nugaris ? The Pronoun is added for distinction , or eminence , and si●gularity . Ego Lego . Tu Ludis . Rogo . Cessas . Meditor . Nugaris . Studeo . Rides . Laudor . Objurgaris . Promoveor . Teneris . Donor . Castigaris . Nouus in us have a Vocative termination in e , except D●us . Meus makes mi , Filius fili . And all proper names in i● makes i , as Georgius Georgi . Of what number the Vocative is , the Imperative is of t● same . Puer Sede in loco tuo . Lege librum tuum . Examina lectionem tuam . Audi condiscipulum tuum . Pueri Parate chartam vestram . Adhibête elementa vestra . Expedîte dictionarium vestrum . Conjungite voces singulas . The Vocative is set distinct in the Sentence . A. Quem librum legis , mi puer ? B Sententias Pueriles , domine . A. Quotâ in classe sedes ? B. In secundâ , A. Ni●l●ne Colloquiorum , suavissime , didicit classis vestra ? B. Jam nunc , domine , tendimus ad Confabulatiunculas , ●● Corderii Colloquia . Hactenus haeremus in Rudimentis . A. Feliciter ; vale , blandum caput . B. Valebis tu quoque , ●●● summe . The Interregative and Responsive are made by the same Case . Q. Quid est illud in sinu tuo , mi puer ? B. Liber , Domine . A. Cujus est iste liber ? B. Condiscipuli mei . A. Quem condiscipulum vis ? B. Ducem Scholae nostrae . A. Cui studio te addicis ? B. Grammaticae . A. Quotâ in classe ●edes ? B. Secundâ . A. Libet ulterius percontari . Quarum rerum omnes mortales meminisse oportet ? B. Mortis , ●udicii . coeli , inferni . A. Quarum rerum eosdem oblivisci ●●eet ? B. Injuriarum . convitiorum , offensarum . A. Quas ●pes maximas opinari possumus ? B. Contentum suis rebus ●nimum . A. Quem thesaurum pauperes fortiuntur ? B. La●orem . A. Cui rei debemus imprimis parcere ? B. Tempori . A. Quibus cum hominibus versari licet ? B. Cum omnibus . A. Qualibus amicis uti convenit ? B. Probis . A. Quanti as est existimationem hominum de nobis bonam facere ? B. Permagni . A. Quanti pecuniam aestimare nefas est ? B. Pluris . A. Quotus quisque sic animatue est ? B. Vi●●●ecimus quisque . A. Quaenam est radix malorum omniū ? B. Avaritia . A. Cui aetati vitium hoc potissimum insidiari ●mdiu observatum est ? B. Senectuti . A. Quâ labe ma●ulatur adolescentia ? B. A more voluptatum . A. Ecquod ●enenum est pueritiae dulce ? B. Otium . A. Quot annos ●a tus es ? B. Octo. A. Quotum aetatis annum agis ? B. ●onum . A. Aptè respondiffi , puer ingenue : abi , vir es . I. Pronouns are signs for things otherwise named . II. The person speaking and spoken to , have their form . III. Of what number the Vocative is , the Imperative is of the same . IV. The Vocative is set distinct in the Sentence . V. The Interrogative and Responsive are made by the same Case . I. Mors conjungitur cum ipsa vitâ : Haec praecedit illam Illa sequitur hanc . II. Novi natalem , Nescio diem mortis . III. Suspicite mortem , juvenes : Aspicite candem , senes IV. Mors vos , juvenes , rapit ; Eadem vos , Senes , colligit . V. A. Quorum mors est acerba ? B. Juvenum . A. Quorum mors est matura ? B. Senum . Naenia . I. Opus est faciendum , quis faciet ? II. Qu●faciet ? III. Opus est factum , quis fecit ? II. Lapis jactus jecit ? Vitrum fractum , fregit ? Opus actum , egit ? IV. A. Quota est hora ? B. Instat prima , secunda . C. Son●tertia , quarta . D. Audita est quinta , sexta . E. Praeterii● cum quadrante septima , octava . Est sesqui-nona , decima . G. Praeteriit cum dodrante , undecima , duodecim● V. Quid ubi sit ? VI. Quando ? VII . Quamdiu ? PRAXIS . I. SUbstantives are joyned in the same Case : as , Sirname names of Dignity , Age , Trade , Relation ; Descriptions plain or in likeness only , and definitions . Marcus , Tullius , Cicero , est autor de Officiis . Publius , Ovidius , Naso , libri Tristium . Cicero Consul Romanus appellatur filius fullonis . Vir egregius . Orator disertissimus Oratorum facilè princeps Flumen eloquentiae Rosa , laus florum citò arescit . Leo , terror nemorum tandem moritur . Boletus , deliciae mensarum crescunt in campis . Urtîca , labes hortorum diligenter evellitur . PRAXIS . II. THe Relative receives Gender and Number from a Case Noun foregoing . Monetarius cudit pecuniam quae pascit avaritiam . Monetarius cudit pecuniam quam avaritia devorat . Fusor fundit typos qui instruunt typographum . Fusor fundit typos quos typographus emit . Muri cingunt urbem quae continet opifices . Muri cingunt urbem quam opifices incolunt . Sepes tuetur agrum qui fert fruges . Sepes tuetur agrum quem fruges operiunt . Onus gravat humeros qui subeunt sarcinam . Onus gravat humeros quos sarcina premit . Doctrina levat animum quem praecepta imbuunt . Doctrina levat animum qui recipit praecepta . The Dier dies the Purple which adorns the Magistrate . The Dier dies the Purple which the Magistrate wears . The Printer Prints the Books which delights the Scholar . The Printer Prints the Books which the Scholar reads . Rivers water the Ground which ondure heats . Rivers water the Ground which the heats chap. Props sustain the Vine which produces Clisters . Props sustain the Vine which the Clusters load . Comfort raises the Mind which discovers Cares . Comfort raises the Mind which Cares disquiet . Honour cloaths the Breast which desires Learning . Honour cloaths the Breast which Learning possesses . A Dyer buys a Copper , which the Erazier sells . The clothier buys the Wool , which the Shepherd sells . The Merchant buys the Clothes , which the Clothier sells . A Scholar buys the Books , which the Book-seller sells . A Barbar buys a Razor , which shaves a Beard . A Mower buys a Sythe , which cuts the Meadows . The Carpenter buys a Hatchet , which hews Timber . The Traveller buys a Sword , which defends Life . Avari defodiunt aurum , quod fossor effodit . Sartor discindit pannum , quem textor contexit . Tinctor inficit vestem , quam fullo lavat . Molitor comminuit triticum , quod tritor excutit . Scintilla creat flammam , quae mergir navem . Rima admittit aquam , quae mergit navem . Rima emittit potum , qui lavat pavimentum . Porrîgo diffundit venenum , quod pervadit gregem . Hunger cureth the Niceness , which Fulness breeds . Discipline removes the Contempt which Familiarity draws . Disuse loseth the Art , which use gains . Idleness consumeth the wealth , which Labor gets . The File polisheth the Iron , which the rust frets . Clementia frangit animos , quos asperitas irritat . Submissio pacat iram , quam contumacia provocat . Verecundia ornat puerum , quem improbitas dehonestat . Somuus reparat vires , quas labor exhausit . Pa● recl●dit portas , quas bellum claudit . The Furmer tills the Fields , which feeds the Farmer . The Shepherd feeds the Flock , which feeds the Shepherd . A man keeps a Horse , which keeps a Man. The old Man bears up the Staff , which bears up the old Man. The Thief robs the Judg , which condemns the Thief . Glacies parit aquam , quae parit glaciem . ●emen emittit arborem , quae emittit semen . Nox praecedit lucem , quae praecedit noctem . Sitis intendit hydrôpem , qui intendit sitim . Maeror inducit solitudinem , quae inducit moerorem . Observe , For the Latin Composition , oftentimes the Antecedent being pitched down , the rest of the Principal Sentence is thrown behind the Relative Sentence ; as , Pecuniam quae pascit avaritiam , monetarius cudit . quam avaritia devorat , Zebethum , quod aspergit aulicos , selis excernit . aulici olent , Succinum , quod delectat sumptuosos , mare evomit . sumptuosi hauriunt , Or the Autecedent is blended with the Relative-Sentance , as , Quas eques induit ocreas , Sutor ungit . Quos Rex gestat calceos , Sutor conficit . Quibur Scholaris utitur libris , Bibliopola vendit . The Relative Sentence is alike depending on the Nominative of the Principal . Somnus , quem divites ambiunt , ambit pauperes . Laus , quam gloriofi affectant , affectat modestos . Praemium , quod pigri petunt , petit impigros . Dignitas , quam ambitiosi sequuntur , sequitur probos . Observe , Whose , whereof , whereto , wherewith , whereby , wherein , are Relative-Obliques of both Numbers . PRAXIS III. PArticiples govern the Case of their Verb. Arator premens stivam quaeritat victum . Nauta gubernans clavum Pileo cogens lanas Sutor suens calceos Faber dolans trabem Sector secans tabulas . A Soldier managing a Sword , obtaineth praise . Clerk handling a Pen , Printer Printing Books , Gardiner Planting Trees , Lawyer Pleading Causes , Physician prescribing Medicines . Puer Verberans turbinem flagello ludit . Percutiens pilam reticulo Projiciens lapidem fundâ Contorquens glandem balistâ A Clerk Cutting a Pen with a Pen knife : sits . Ruling Paper with a Ruler Writing Letters with Ink Drying the Copy with Sand Light discovering the World , covers the Sun. The Sun softning Wax , hardens Clay . Nox arcens homines , evocat seras . Dies evocans homines , arcet seras . Miles aditurus aciem emit gladium . Messor resecturus segetem falcem . Fossor ducturus fossam ligonem . Sartor sarturus vestes acum . Sutor suturus calceos subulam . A Barber about to shave Beards buys a Razor . Carpenter about to square Timber an Ax. Sawyer about to sawe Boards a Sawe . Cloathier about to make Clothes Wool. Scholar about to get Wisdom Books . Turbo verberandus flagello sumitur á puero . Pila percutienda reticulo Lapis projicienda fundâ Glans contorquenda balistâ A Pen knife to be whetted with a Hoan , is taken by a Clerk. A Pen cut with a Pen-knife , Paper ruled with a Ruler , A Copy dried with Sand. Pratum flumine rigandum , in valle subsidit . Vinea sole fovenda , in collibus haeret . Corpus fractum diurnis laboribus , reficitur nocturnâ quiete . Pectus hebetatum immodicis studiis , recreatur tempestivo otio . Appetitus dejectus suavibus cibis , renovatur acri aceto . Animus inflatus perpetuis successibus , reprimitur diversâ sorte . The Earth chap'd with Summer heat , is moistened with Autumnal showers . The Rivers bound with Winter Frosts , are thawed with Spring-gales . A Ship tost with vehement storms , is recovered with a gentle wind . A Country afflicted with long War , is restored with sweet Peace . — ing with the mark of a Case , is a Gerund from — dus . Cupiditas edendi augetur edendo . bibendi bibendo . dormiendi dormiendo . ludendi ludendo . The Skill of Swiming is got by Swiming . Riding Riding . Running Runing . Leaping Leaping . Usus Legendi reddit promptos ad Legendum . Scribendi Scribendum . Canendi Canendum . Numerandi Numerandū The practise of Spinning makes active at Spinning . Weaving Weaving . Burling Burling . Shearing Shearing . The Noun put after the Gerund , may also , and is more usually joyned in Concord with it ; and it is then called a Gerundive-Adjective . Magister hortatur puerum ad Legendam lectionem . Scribendum dictamen . prohibit à Lacerando libro . Scindendis vestibus . Scientia gubernandi populi continetur Moderandis perturbationibus . Vincendis cupiditatibus . The skil of exercising valor , is tried by bearing Afflictions . despising Pleasures . Wisdom exhorts men to flee Vice.   desire Vertue .   deserting Justice . dehorts from commiting Injury . Serta relaturus , certamina dura lacessit , Displicit è facili palma petita jugo . Dulcia privatae fugiens so latia vitae , Arctius acclivi tramite scandit iter . Arte levi navem tranquilla per aequora vectam . Dirigit in tumidis nauta peritus aquis . Pellentem morbos , non mollis vestis & aurum Arguit , at medicum pestis & aura gravis . A Verbal of the Participle of the Preter tense , is used in the Accusative and Ablative ; called the former and latter Supine . The latter of two Verbs , if the former be a Verb of Motion , is put in the first Supine . Puerit oratum , lotum manus & ôs . jentatum , petitum aliquid . repetitum lectionem , pransum . scriptum , lusum , coenatum . mictum , secessum , eubitum , dormîtum . The Infinitive Passive , after Adjectives , may be exprest by the latter Supine . Hoc est Honestum Visu .   Auditu .   Dictu . Turpe Factu . PRAXIS . IV. ABsolute Sentences are put in the Ablative Case : Tinnunculo plangente , succumbunt alaudae . Catulis latrantibus , cervi fugiunt . Leone rugiente , ferae expavescunt . Gallo canente , diluculum appropinquat . The Trumpet sounding , the Horse neighs . The Whale swimming , the Sea boils . The Swallows coming , the Summer approaches . The Flies departing , Cold hastens . Suave rosae redolent , Zephyro spirante , per hortum : Lilia formosum , sole micante , nitent . Vere tepente , jacit blandas Philomela querelas ; Concretae , Boreâ flante , gelantur aquae . Singula diversis tribuuntur tempora formis , Alternas certâ lege regente vices . Being put absolutely , is of the Preter-tense Passive . Work being finished , Rest is welcome : Cares being scattered , the Mind is quiet . laving with a Transitive Verb , put it in the Participle of ●he Praeter-tense Absolute . The Husbandman having unyoked the Oxen , returns to the Village . The School-Master having dismissed the Scholars , walks into the Field . Aves , relicto nido , quaerunt escam . Mercator , exactâ peregrinatione , reportat opes . If that Transitive be rendred by a Deponent , it is fashioned by the Rule of Participial Sentences . Verus amicus opitulatus misero , gratulatur felici . Amicus infidus adulatus diviti , deserit pauperem . Discipulus ludit , clausis in scrinia libris ; Sepositis armis , otia miles agit . Nautae , subductis in littora tuta carinis , Hiberni vitant murmura ranca freti . Observ . Thus also Absolute Sentences are pricked into the Principalone , as , Pueri , Magistro Scholam ingresso , sedent taciti . Tenebrae , sole orto , diffugiunt . PRAXIS V. Conjunctions Copulative , joyn like Signes ( where different are not exprest . ) Of Number ( in Verbs . ) The Husbandman Sows or Reaps . Tense . will Sow or Reap . Mood . prepares to Sow or Reap . Case . Inns a Crop of Wheat or Barley . Gender . Plough ; dry or Moorish Earth .   likes the more light and Comparison . most black Mold .   is to be loved and encouraged . Participle . about to Sow or Reap . Two Singulars conjoyned , govern a Plural . Dolor & voluptas alternantur . Observ . In more terms than two heaped together , the former are put unconjoyned with a pause between , only the Conjunction is exprest to the two last . Pistores , Lanii , Cetarii , & Popinones esculen ta vendunt . Tinctores , Carminatores , Netores , Textores , Fullones , Defloccatores , & Pannitonsores pannum praeparant . In Rhetorical stile of Prose or Verse , sometimes all are conjoyned to cause deliberation , and to magnifie : In constantes homines & sperant , & timent , & optant , & fugiunt ( called Polysyndeton . ) Other times all are left loose to signifie expedition : Inconstantes sperant timent , optant , fugiunt , ( called Asyndeton . ) Note secondly , Conjunctions couple like Cases . Hora abit inter Speculum & Pectinem . Aetas defluit Ludum Somnum . Vita pendet Spem Metum . Praepone animam , scilicet gemmam . Postpone corpus , videlicet cistam . Excole meliorem partem , h. e. mentem . Gemma est Vilior quàm sapientia . Bellum Mitius quàm luxuria . Nemo Beatus nisi sapiens . Parce tempori perinde ac thesauro : Excute maerorem tanquam tineam animi . Fuge desidiam velut lupum . Omnia possunt eripi praeterquam dotes animi . Homo pro factis reportat laetitiam vel moerorem . Cessator consequitur nec honorem nec opes . Pauper consultat , malit ne laborem an egestatem . Some Conjunctions require a Subjunctive Mood , as Ut , uti , ( that ) ; Utinam , ne , quin ; others ordinarily admit a Subjunctive , ni , si , nisi , quò , cùm . Jubeo ut , uti facias officium . Utinam legas ! perlegas ! discas ! ediscas ! sedeas in loco tuo ! loquaris , eloquaris ! exponas , examines , repetas lectionem tuam ! juves condiscipulos tuos ! facias officium , puer ! Si facias haec omnia , bene est ; sin ludas , cesses , ridéac gar●ias , grave imminet periculum . Moneo ne ludas , cesses , exclames , lucteris , nugeris . Non potes quin aliud agas ? Nisi facias officium , vapulabis . Quod , Because . The Father rejoyces because the Son loves Vertue . Master grieves Scholar affects Idleness . Physician mourns Patient despises Direction Cum tinnunculus plangat , alaudae succumbunt . catuli latrent , cervi fugiunt . leo rugiat , ferae expavescunt . gallus canat diluculum appropinquat . When the Trumpet sounds , the Horse neighs . Whale swims , the Sea boyls . Swallows come , Summer approaches : Flies depart , Cold hastens . Observ . Conjunctive Sentences are also pricked in between the parts of the Principal Sentence . Colligere solet medicus , dum ver praebet , rosas : Quas , ubi sol torruerit agros , frustra requirit aeger . Quaerere debet puer , dum anni sinunt , literas : Quas , ubi curae domesticae circumsteterint , vir incassum defiderabit . Omnia lege rotant , si coeli sydera spectes ; Seu terram spectes , omnia lege vigent . Sive maris liquidos pinnato cum grege campo● Perspicias , certa nil nisi lege fluit . Cum Sol abscedat , nudatur frondibus arbors Cum Sol accedat , gramine terra viret . Lux parit alma diem , ne tempora pigra quiescant : Neve cadant vires , nox tegit atra polum . Ordine cuncta geruntur , & ordine cuncta reguntur , Omnia lege fluunt : Nil sine lege ruit . PRAXIS VI. THe Present and Preter of the Subjunctive without a Conjunction is to be rendred Imperatively , for the most part ; the other Tenses potentially . Quid cupit laudem , studeat , discat , legat , scribat . Let the Grashoppers sing , the Ant will labour . Drones loyter , Bees will work . Worms crawl , Eagles will fly . Hares fear , Lyons will fight . Cessator studeret , si posset facere citra laborem . Studuerit , didicerit , legerit cessator , doctrina sequeretur . Occasio adfuisset , nisi mens defuisset . A Boy would Play , if he durst . would Write , if he could . should Repeat , if the form stood out . could Answer , if he were asked . Contexture of Sentences . 1. Several Sentences on the same subject , take it common . Before the Verb. Rosa jam rubet , mox marcescit . Vitrum , dum splendet , frangitur , Bulla nunc lucet , nunc disparet . Scintilla modò micat , modò perit . Amnis mane fluit , vespere refluit . Ventus hodie flat , cras reflat . Luna 14 diebus crescit , totidem diebus decrescit . Frondes vere germinant , autumno decidunt . Which common subject may be added to the last sentence . Praecipitat linguam ; Pugnas committit : Amicos Dissolvit : Mentes obruit ebrietas . The after-Verb . Segetem terra parit , imber auget . Triticum tritor excutit , molitor comminuit . Lanam tondet pastor , emit pannifex . Pannos texit textor , tingit tinctor . Libros imprimit typographus , vendit Bibliopola . Pharmaca praescribit medicus , miscet pharmacopola . Navem texit naupegus , agit nauclerus . Currum pangit carpentarius , agit auriga . Ingenium natura facit : Corroborat usus : Excolit ars : Nutrit gloria : Cura polit . 2. Several Sentences on the same Verb , take it common . Solvit salem aqua , ceram ignis . Jungit tabulas gluten , lateres coementum . Consolidat metalla ferrumen , vulnera unguentum . Secat vitrum smiris , lignum securis . Tegunt pedes calcei , manus chirothecae . Ornat collum torquis , brachium armilla . Pascit bovem faenum , suem colluvies . Secat hominem medicus , equum veterinarius . Which common Verb may be added to the last Sentence . Squamas , piscis : avis , plumas ; barbam atque capillos , Hoedus ; aper , setas ; vellera gestat ovis . Ver tepidum , sertis : Maturis frugibus , aestas : Autumnus pomis : Igne juvatur hyems . 3. Several Adjectives on the same Substantive take it Common , before or after the Verb. Puer ignavus cessat , studiosus elaborat . Miles fortis pugnat , piger fugit . Nauta veteranus audet , novitius pallet . Equus generosus currit , degener deficit . Odor teter offendit , suavis delectat . Vinum modicum levat , nimium obruit . Lignum aridum slagrat , viride fumat . Vestis munda decet , immunda dedecet . Which Common Substantive , may be added to the last Sentence . Tabescit vitiis suprema , laboribus ima ; Quae vitae ratio est inter utrumque placet . Vasa aurea fundit aurifaber ; fictilia fingit figulus . Vestem laneam vendit pannifex , lineam texit linteo . Calceos veteres resarcit cerdo ; novos conficit sutor . Pensum breve discipulus flagitat ; justum praeceptor exigit . Aetatem teneram nugae abstrahunt ; Maturam curae impediunt . Censum exiguum inopia premit ; ingentem pericula circumstant . Conditionem humilem obscuritas sepelit , excelsam invidia petit . Vitam rusticam labores frangunt , urbanam vitia corrumpunt . Cur , cùm'longa dies urbes , cùm marmora solvat , Incautos homines tarda senecta premat ? Tempore , quod segetes , quod poma , quod excoquit uvas Cuaa suas vires ponit , & ira suas . The Interjections are Notes of Passion . O calling , Heus & ohe , with a Vocative . O exclaming , with Nominative , Accusative , and Vocative . Proh , Ah , and ●ah , with Accusative and Vocative . Heu , with an Accusative . Hei mihi . Vae tibi . Hem manum . Apage pigritiam . The Doctrine of Profodia may be well referr'd to ars Poetica . Which with the Substance of Smetius , is briefly and judiciously couched in order by Mr. Adam Littleton . Thus far I have undertaken either to digest or illustrate the first Rudiments of the Latin Tongue , which may in a short time be comprehended by one of an ordinary capacity and industry . Which Observations I adventure to publick View for my own use , and the eas● of those who shall approve to instruct their young Scholars to the Practice of Latin. FINIS . A TO abide , Maneo ere . To abound , Abundo are , ●●urate , Accuratus i. ● Acorn , Glans des . ●ive Promptus i. ●adorn , Orno are . affect , Affecto are . afflict , Affligo ere . Affliction , Aerumna ae . ● , Cervisia ae . Ant , Formica ae . ●pothecary , Pharmacopôla ae . ●pproach , Appropinquo are . ●uch , Fornix ûces . Army , Exercitus ûs . Arrow , Sagitta ae . Ars , tes . ●rtist , Artifex ĭces , ●ssault , Impugno are . ●ss , Asinus i. ●ssemble , Convenio ire . ●ssembly , Concio nes . ●mnal , Autumnalis es . ●wl , Subula ae . ●x , Ascia ae . B Ballance , Libramen ina . A Band , Vinculum a. ●●hment , Exilium a. ●●nk , Ripa ae . ●●b , Spica ae . ●ber , ●onsor es . ●●y , Hordeum a. A Battel , Proelium a. A Beam , Trabs es . A Bean , Faba ae . To bear , Fero re . To bear up , Sustineo ere . A Beard , Barba ae . A Beast , Fera ae . A Bee , Apis es . Beer , Potus ûs . A Beggar , Mendicus i. A Bell , Campana ae . A Bench , Subsellium a. To bend , Tendo ere . To bind , Ligo are . A Bird , Avis es . To bite , Mordeo ere . Biting , Mordax ces . Bitter , Amarus i. Black , Niger gri . To blame , Culpo are . To blast , Defloresco ere . Blew , Coeruleus i. Blood , Sanguis ĭnes . A Blossom , Floseulus i. To blow , Flo are . A Board , Tabula ae . To boil ( Act. ) Coquo ere . ( Neut . ) Bullio ire . A Bone , Os sa . A Book , Liber bri . A Bookseller , Bibliopôla ae . To bound , Coerceo ere . A Bow , Arcus ûs . A Bow case , Corytus i. A Bowl , Calix ĭces . A Boy , Pu●r i. The Brain , Cerebrum a. Bran , Furfur ures . A Brazier , Aerarius i. To break ( Act. ) Frango ere . ( Neut ) Crepo are . A Brest , Pectus ora . To breed , Pario ere . A Bricklayer , Coementarius i. A Bridle , Fraenum ( i & ) a , Bright , Clarus i. To bring , Affero re . A Brink , Margo ines . Broad , Latus i. A Brother , Frater tres . To build , Aedifico are . A Bull , Taurus i. A Bulwark , Agger es . To burl , Enodo are . A Burler , Enodator es . To burn ( Act. ) Uro ere . ( Neut . ) Ardeo ere . To buy , Emo ere . C A Cage , Cavea ae . To call , Voco are . A Candle , Candela ae . A Captain , Dux ces . A Care , Cura ae . Carefulness , Sollicitudo ines . A Carpenter , Faber bri . To carry , Veho ere . A Carter , Bubulcus i. A Castle , Castellum a. A Cat , Felis es . A Cause , Causa ae . A Cellar , Cella ae . Chaff , Palea ae . To chap , Findo ere . A Chain , Catena ae . A Chamber , Cubiculum a. To charge , Grassor ari . To chear , Conforto are . A Child , Puer i. A Chimney , Focus i. A Church , Templum a. A City , Urbs es . Clay , Lutum a. Clear , Clarus i. A Clerk , Scriba ae . A Client , Clines tes . A Clime , Plaga ae . Cloth , Pannus i. To cloath , Vestio ire . a Clothier , Pannificus i. a Cloth-worker , Interpolator ● Clotty , Spissus i. a Cloud , Nubes es . a Cluster , Racemus i. a Cobler , Cerdo nes . a Cock , Gallus i. Cold ( Subst . ) Frigus ora . ( Adj. ) Frigidus i. To come , Venio ire . Comfort , Consolatio nes . To commit , Inf●ro re . To condemn , Condemno are . a Conqueror , Victor es . To consume , Consumo ere . To contain , Contineo ere . a Contempt , contemptus ûs . Contentedness , Aequanimitas ● a Cook , Popino nes . To cool , ( Act. ) Frigefacio ere . ( Neut . ) Frigesco ere . a Copper , Ahenum a. a Copy , Exemplum a. Corn , Frumentum a. To cover , Tego ere . Covetousness , Avaritia ae . a Country , Regio nes . a Court , Aula ae . To crawl , Repto are Crime , Crimen ina . Crop , Messis es . ●o crouch , Cuho are . ●ruel , Crudelis es . ●o curb , Cohibeo ere . ●o cure , Sano are . Custom , Consuetudo ĭnes . ●o cut , Seco are . D DAnger , Periculum a. To dare , Audeo ere . ●ark , Tenebrosus i. ●o darken , Obscuro are . A date , Dactylus i. A day , dies ês . Death , Mors tes . Deep , Profundus i. ●o defend . Tueor eri . ●o de hort , Dehortor ari . Delicate , Lautus i. ●o delight , Delecto are . ●o depart , Discedo ere . ●o desert , Desero ere . ●o desire , Cupio ere . ●o despise , Sperno ere . Difficult , Difficilis es . Difficulty , Difficultas tes . ●o dig , Fodio ere . Direction , Praescriptum a. Discipline , Disciplina ae . Discord , Discordia ae . ●o discover , Prodo ere . ●o discourse , Dissero ere . ● disease , Morbus i. Disgrace , Dedec●● ora . ● Dish , Ferculum a. ●o dismiss , Dimitto ere . Disposition , Ingenium a. To disquiet , Inquieto are . Disuse , Desuetudo ĭnes . A Ditch , Fossa ae . A Ditcher , Fossor es . Divine , Divinus i. A Doctor , Doctor es . A Dog , Canis es . A Door , Ostium a. Down , Lanugo ines . To draw , Traho ere . A Drawer , caupo nes . A Drone , Fucus i. Dry , Aridus i. To dry , Sicco are . To die ( by death ) Morior i. To dye ( cloth ) , Tingo ere . A Dier , Tinctor es . E AN Eagle , Aquila ae . A Ear , Auris es . The Earth , Terra ae . Eloquent , Disertus i. An Employment , Occupatio nes . Empty , Vacuus i. To encourage , Foveo ere . To end , Desino ere . To endure , Patior i. An Enemy , Hostis es . An English , Dictamen ina . Envy , Invidia ae . Errour , Error es . An Estate , Census ûs . To exceed , Supero are . To exercise , Exerceo ere . To exhort , Hortor ari . To expect , Expecto are . To extinguish , Extinguo ere . An Eye , Oculus i. F A Face , Facies ês . To fade , Declino are . To fail , Frustror ari . Fair , Pulcher● i. Faithful , Fidelis es . Fame , Fama ae . Familiarity ; Familiaritas tes . A Farmer , Colonus i. A Father , Pater tres . A Fault , Culpa ae . A fear , Timor es . To seed , Pasco ere . To fence , Vallo are . A Fen , Palus ûdes . A Field , Ager agri . To Fight , Pugno are . A File , Lima ae . Filthy , Turpis es . To find , Reperio ire . To fine , Multo are . To finish , Absolvo ere . A Fire , ignis es . The Firmament , Firmamentum a Firme , Firmus i. A Fish , Piscis es . To fit , Apto are . To flee , Fugio ere . To fleet , Volito are . Fleeting , Volucri es . To fl●● ( hasten a way , or avoid ) Pug●o ere ; ( of a Bird ) Volo a●e . T● fir● , Calcitro are . A flock ( of Cattel ) Grexges , ( of ●oth ) Floccus i. To f●ow , Fluo ere . A flower , Flos res . A Flie , Musca ae . A Fold , Ovile ia . To follow , Sequor i. A Fool , Stultus i. A Form , Classis es . A Fort , Propugnaculum a. Fortitude , Fortitudo ines . Foul , Immundus i. To furbish , Expolio ire . Fresh , Frigidus i. To fret , Corrodo ere . A Friend , Amicus i. A Frost , Frigus ora . A Fruit , Fructus ûs . Fulness , Saturitas tes . A Furr , Pellis es . G TO gain , Acquiro ere . A Gale , Aura ae . A Garden , Hortus i. A Gardiner , Hortulanus i. A Garland , Corolla ae . A Garment , Vestis es . A Garret , Coenuculum a. A Gate , Porta ae . To gather , Colligo ere . A General , Imperator es . To generate , Gigno ere . Generous , Generosus i. Gentle , Lenis es To get , Quaero ere . To give , Do are . Glory , Gloria ae . To glut , Satio are . To go , Incedo ere . A Grashopper , Cicada ae . Grass , Herba ae . A Grate , Clathrus i. To Graze , Pascor i. Greediness , Aviditas tes . To grieve ( Act. ) Contristo are , ( Neut . ) Tristor ari , Grievous , Gravis es . The ground , Tellus ures . To grow , Cresco ere . A guard , Satellitium a. A Gun , Tormentum a. H A Hall , Aula ae . To handle , Tracto are . Handsome , Speciosus i. To hang ( Act. ) Suspendo ere , ( Neut . ) Pendeo ere . A Harbour , Portus ûs . Hard , Durus i. To harden , Induro are . A Hare , Lepus ores . A Harvest , Messis es . To haste or hasten , Festino are . A Hatchet , Securis es . A Hasel , Corylus i. To Hear , Audio ire . The Heart , Cor da. A Hearth , Focus i. To hear ( Act. ) Calfacio ere . ( Neut . ) Calesco ere . Heat , Calor es . A Heath , Ericetum a. Heavy , Gravis es . A Hedg , Sepis es . A Helm , Clavus i. A help , Subsidium a. An Herb , Herba ae . To hew , Caedo ere . High , Altus i. A Hill , Collis es . A hindrance , Impedimentum a. A Hoan , Coticula ae . A Hodman , Corbulo nes . Hollow , Cavus i. Honest , Probus i. Honey , Mel la. Honour , Honor es . Hope , Spes ês . A Horn , Cornu a. A Horse , Equus i. a Horse-rider , Eques ĭtes : Hot , Calidus i. a house , Domus ûs . a House keeper , Dominus i. Huge , Immanis es . Humility , Submissio nes . Hunger , Fames es . a Huntsman , Venator es . a Hurdle , Cratis es . a Husbandman , Agricola ae . a Husk , Siliqua ae . I IDle , Ignavus i. Idleness , Ignavia ae . Illustrious , Illustris es . To enclose , Circundo are . Industry , Industria ae Ingenious , Ingeniosus i. an injury , Injuria ae . Ink , Atramentum a. To Inn , Recondo ere . Joyful , Laetus i. Iron , Ferrum a. a Judg , Judex ices . a Juyce , succus i. a Juncket , Daps es . Just , Justus i. Justice , Justitia ae . K 〈…〉 ●●●stodio ire . Kindne●● , ●●●nitas tes . A King , Rex ges . A Knife , Culter tri . A Knot , Nodus i. To know , Scio ire . L LAbour , Labor es . To labour , Laboro are . A Labourer , Operarius i. To last , Duro are . Laughter , Risus ûs . A Law , Lex ges . A Lawyer , Causidicus i. Laziness , Pigritia ae . To leap , Salio are . Learning , Doctrina ae . A Lesson , Lectio nes . A Letter , Litera ae . Liberality , Liberalitas tes . Life . Vita ae . Light ( Subst . ) Lux ces : ( Adject . ) Levis es . To like , Probo are . A Lyon , Leo nes . A Liquor , Liquor es . To load , Onero are . Lofty , Celsus i. Long , Longus i. To lose , Perdo ere . A Lord , Dominus i. Loss , Damnum ● . To love , Amo are . To loyter , Cesso are . A Lute , Cithara ae . Luxury , Luxuria ae . To lie , Jaceo ere . M THe Magistrate , Magistratus ûs . A Maid , Ancilla ae . To make , Facio ere . A Malefactor , Reus i. Man , Homo ĭnes . To manage , Rego ere . Many , Multus i. To march , Gradior i. A Mariner , Nauta ae . Marrow , Medulla ae . A Master ( of Scholars ) Praeceptor es , ( of Servants ) Herus i. A Meadow Pratum a. Meal , Farina ae . Meat , Cibus i. A Medicine , Pharmacum a. To mellow , M●tesco ere . Melody , Modulatio nes . To melt ( Act. ) Liquefacio ere , ( Neut . ) Liquesco ere . A Merchant , Mercator es . Mercy , Misericordia ae . Mildness , Clementia ae . A Mill , Molendinum a. A Miller , Molitor es . A mind , Mens tes . A Mistress , Hera ae . Moist , Humidus i. To moisten , Humecto are . Moisture , Humor es . Mold , Gleba ae . Money , Pecunia ae . The Moon , Luna ae . Moorish , Uliginosus i. The Morning , Aurora ae . A Mother , Mater tres . Mountainy , Montanus i. To mourn , Maereo ere . A Mower , Messor es . N A Nail , Unguis es . Naked , Nudus i. Nature , Natura ae . Naughty , Vitiosus i. A Needle , Acus ûs . To neigh , Hinnio ire . A Neighbour , Vicinus i. A Nettle , Urtica ae . Niceness , Fastidium a. Night , Nox ctes . A Nurse , Nutrix ĭces . A Nut , Nux ces , O AN Oak , Quercus ûs . Observance , Observantia ae . To obtain , Obtineo ere . An old Man , Senex es . To oppress , Opprimo ere . An Orator , Orator es . An Ornament , Ornamentum . To over-cast , Obduco ere . To overcome , Vinco ere . An Ox , Bos ves . An Oyster , Ostreum a. P A Pallace , Palatium a. A Palm , Palma ae . To pamper , Sagino are . To pant , Palpito are . Paper , Charta ae . To pass , Evado ere . A Pastor , P●slor es . A Pasture , Pascuum a. A Patient , Aeger gri . Pay , Stipendium a. Peace , Pax ces . A Peach , Persicum a. A Pear , Pyrum a. A Pen , Penna ae . A Pen-knife , Scalpellum a. A Penny , As ses . A People , Populus i. Perfume , Suffimentum a. A Physician , Medicus i. A Picture , Pictura ae . A Pike , Pilum a. A Pilot , Nauclerus i. To pitch , Furcillo are . A place , Locus i ( & a. ) To place , Loco are . A Plain , Campus i. To plait , Necto ere . To plant , Planto are . To play , Ludo ere . Play , Lusus ús . To plead , Ago ere . A Pleader , Actor es . Pleasant , Jucundus i. Pleasure , Voluptas tes . Plenty , Copia ae . A Plombet , Plumbeus i. To Plough , Aro are . A Ploughman , Arator es . A Poet , Poeta ae . To polish , Polio ire . Poor , Pauper es . A Porter , Bajulus i. To possess , Possideo ere . A Potion , Potio nes . Poverty , Paupertas tes . Practice , Exercitatio nes . Practised , Exercitatus i. Praise , Laus des . To precede , Praecedo ere . To prepare , Paro are . To prescribe , Praescribo ere . Precious , Preciosus i. To prick , Pungo ere . A Prickle , Sentis es . Pride , Superbia ae . To Print , Imprimo ere . a Printer , Typographus i. a Prisoner , Captivus i. a Prize , Palma ae . To produce , Proferorre . a Prong , Bidens tes . a Prop , Adminiculum a. To provide , Paro are . Providence , Frugalitas tes . Prudence , Prudentia ae . To Punish , Punio ire . Punishment , Poena ae . a Puppy , Catulus i. To purchase , Acquiro ere . Purple , Purpura ae . a Purse , Crumena ae . To pursue . Persequor i. Q. A Queen , Regina ae . Quick , Agilis es . Quiet , Tranquillus i. A Quiver , Pharetra ae . To quiver , Tremo ere . Quivering , Horridus i. R A Race , Cursus us . To raise , Erigo ere . A Rake , Rastrum ( i & ) a. Rank , Laetus i. A Razor , Novacula ae . To read , Lego ere . To reap . Meto ere . A Reaper , Messor es : To recover , Reduco ere . A Recreation , Recreatio ne● ▪ Red , Ruber bri . To reel , Labo are . A refreshment , Refectio nes . To rejoyce , ( Act ) Laetifico are . ( Neut . ) Laetor ari . To relent , Mollesco ere . To relieve , Levo are . To remove , Tollo ere . To repeat , Repeto ere . To require , Posco ere . Re● , Quies etes . To restore , Restituo ere . To restrain , Arceo ere . To return , Redeo ire . A reward , Merces ēdes . Rich , Opulèntus i. To ride , Equito are . To ring , Tinnio ire . To rise , Exto are . a River , Amnis , es . To rob ( money ) Eripio ere , ( a person ) spolio are . To roul , Volvo ere . a Roof , Tectum a. a Rose , Rosa ae . To rot ( Act. ) Putrefacio ere . ( Neut . ) Putresco ere . Rough , Asper i. a Rower , Remex iges . To Rule ( Act. ) Rego ere ( Pass . ) Regno are , ( with a Ruler ) Metor ari . a Ruler , Canon ones . To run , Curro ere . To rush , Ruo ere . Rust , Rubigo ines . S SAd , Tristis es . Safe , Tutus i. A Safeguard , Praesidium a. To sail , Navigo are . A Sand , Arena ae . A Saw , Serra ae . A Sawyer , Sector es . A Scabbard , Vagina ae . To scatter , Spargo ere . A Scholar , Scholaris es . A School , Schola ae . A School-fellow , Condiscipulus i A School master , Ludimagister i. A Scull , Testa ae . A Sea , Mare ia . To see , Video ere . Seed-time , Sementis es . To seek , Quaero ere . To sell , Vendo ere . A Sent , Odor es . A Servant , Servus i. To set , Occido ere . Severity , Severitas tes . A shadow , Umbra ae . Sharp , Acutus i. To shave , Rado ere . A Sheath , Theca ae . A Sheep , Ovis es . A Sheepfold , Ovile ia . To sheer , Tondeo ere . A Shell , Test a ae . A Shepherd , Pastor es , A Shearman , Pannitonsor es . A Ship , Navis es . A shore , Littus ora . A shower , Imber bres . A shrub , Frutex ices . A shuttle , Radius i. A Sickle , Falx ces . A sight , Spectaculum a. To sing , Cano ere . To sink ( Act. ) Demergo ere . ( Neut . ) Subsido ere . Sinking , Bibulus i. A Sister , Soror es . A Sythe , Falx ces . To sit , Sedeo ere . Skill , Peritia ae . Skilful , Peritus i. To skip , Salto are . Sleep , Somnus i. Sloth , ●igritia ae . A Smith , Ferrarius i. A Snaffle , Camus i. Soft , Mollis es . To soften , Mollio ire . Solid , Solidus i. A Soldier , Miles ĭtes : To sound , Sono are . Sour , Acerbus i. To sow ( with Thred ) Suo ere . ( Seed ) Sero ere . A Spade , Ligo nes . Spacious , Spatiosus i. To speak , Loquor i. A Spice , Arôma ta . To Spin , Neo ere . A Spit , Veru a. To spread , Expando ere . Spring ( Adj. ) Vernus i. To spring , Viresco ere . A Spur , Calcar ia . To square , Quadro are . A Staff , Baculus i. A Stag , Cervus i. To stain , Maculo are . To stand out , Exto are . Starry , Stellatus i. To steer , Guberno are . To stick , Haereo ere . ●tiff , Rigidus i. To stile , Appello are . The stomack , Appetitus ûs . A Storm , Procella ae . To stray , Erro are . A Street , Compitum a. Strength , Robur ora . To stretch , Porrigo ere . Strong , Validus i. Studious , Studiosus i. To Study , Studeo ere . Success , Successus ûs . Sullied , Obsoletus i. Summer ( Subst . ) Aestas âtes . ( Adject . ) Aestivus i. The Sun , Sol es . Sure , Certus i. To surround , Ambio ire . To sustain , Sustineo ere . A Swallow , Hirundo ines . To swarm , Ferveo ere . Sweet in taste ) Dulcis es , ( in sent ) Suavis es . To swell , Turgeo ere . Swift , Pernix ices . To swim , Nato are . A Sword , Gladius i. T TO take , Sumo ere . To tame , Domo are . A task , Pensum a. A taste , Sapor es . A Taylor , Sartor es . To teach , Doceo ere . Temperance , Temperantia ae . A tempest , Tempestas ates . Tender , Tener i. To thaw , Solvo ere . Thick , Densus i. A Thicket , Fruticetum a. A Thief , Fur es . To think , Cogito are . A Thorn , Rubus i. A Thought , Cogitatio nes . A Thred , Filum ( i & ) a. A Threshold , Limen ina . To till , Colo ere . Timber , Materia ae . A Token , Signum a. A Tongue , Lingua ae . To toss , Jacto are . A Tower , Turris es . A Town-house , Forum a. A Trade , Ars tes . A Traveller , Viator es . A Treasure , Thesaurus i. A Tree , Arbor es . A Truant , Cessator es . To truant , Cesso are . A Trumpet , Tuba ae . To try , Probo are . To tumble , Ruo ere . Tunable , Canorus i. To turn , Verso are . To twitch , Vellico are . To tye , Vincio ire . V A Valley , Vallis es . Valour , Virtus tes . Various , Varius i. Vast , Vastus i. Vehement , Vehemens tes . A Vein , Vena ae . Virtue , Virtus utes . To vex , Vexo are . Vice , Vitium a. Vigilant , Vigilans tes . a Village , Villa ae . a Vine , Vitis es . a Vineyard , Vinea ae . a Violet , Viola ae . Uncorrupt , Incorruptus i. Unseasonable , Intempestivus i. To unyoke , Abjugo are . Use , Consuetudo ines . W TO wake ( Act. ) Expergefacio ere , ( Neut . ) Vigilo are . To walk , Ambulo are . a Wall ( of a City ) Murus . ) of a House ) Paries etes . To wander , Vagor ari . Warm , Apricus i. War , Bellum a. Warfare , Militia ae . To waste , Consumor i. Water , Aqua ae . To water , Rigo are . Wax , Cera ae . To wax , Cresco ere . Wealth , Opulentia ae . a Weapon , Telum a. To wear , Tero ere . Weather , Tempestas tes . To weave , Texo ere . a Weaver , Textor es . Weeping , Fletus ûs . a Well , Puteus i. Welcome , Gratus i. Wet , Udus i. a Whale , Balaena ae . Wheat , Triticum . To whet , Acuo ere . a Whet-stone , Cos tes . To whisper , Susurro are . Wide , Latus i. a Will , Arbitrium a. The Wind , Ventus i. a Window , Fenestra ae . Wine , Vinum a. Winter , ( Adj ) Hiber●us i. Wisdom , Sapientia ae . To wither , Marcesco ere . To be wont , Soleo ere . a Wood , Sylva ae . Wool , Lana ae . Work , Opus era ▪ To work ( as Bees , Mellist●o are . The World , Orbis es . a Worm , Vermis es . Wormwood , Absynthium a. Worthy , Liberalis es . To write , Scribo ere . Y YArn , Stamen ina . A Yoke , Jugum a. FINIS . Notes, typically marginal, from the original text Notes for div A65219-e3580 * Eo & Queo make euné & queunt . Ibam Quibam . Ibe Quibo . * Eunto & Queunto Notes for div A65219-e61930 a The Verb following immediately the Nominative . The Verb following with a Nominative after the Verb.