Distant Reader - subject-lotteries-freebo

Introduction

This is a Distant Reader "study carrel", a set of structured data intended to help the student, researcher, or scholar use & understand a corpus.

This study carrel was created on 2021-05-24 by Eric Morgan <emorgan@nd.edu>. The carrel was created using the Distant Reader zip2carrel process, and the input was a Zip file locally cached with the name input-file.zip. Documents in the Zip file have been saved in a cache, and each of them have been transformed & saved as a set of plain text files. All of the analysis -- "reading" -- has been done against these plain text files. For example, a short narrative report has been created. This Web page is a more verbose version of that report.

All study carrels are self-contained -- no Internet connection is necessary to use them. Download this carrel for offline reading. The carrel is made up of many subdirectories and data files. The manifest describes each one in greater detail.

Size

There are 10 item(s) in this carrel, and this carrel is 20,334 words long. Each item in your study carrel is, on average, 2,033 words long. If you dig deeper, then you might want to save yourself some time by reading a shorter item. On the other hand, if your desire is for more detail, then you might consider reading a longer item. The following charts illustrate the overall size of the carrel.

Readability

On a scale from 0 to 100, where 0 is very difficult and 100 is very easy, the documents have an average readability score of 84. Consequently, if you want to read something more simplistic, then consider a document with a higher score. If you want something more specialized, then consider something with a lower score. The following charts illustrate the overall readability of the carrel.

Word Frequencies

By merely counting & tabulating the frequency of individual words or phrases, you can begin to get an understanding of the carrel's "aboutness". Excluding "stop words", some of the more frequent words include:

shall, tcp, text, one, tickets, will, eebo, english, money, tei, first, books, drawn, early, texts, may, given, characters, ticket, encoded, thousand, royal, works, made, paid, online, oxford, partnership, phase, xml, encoding, number, work, image, within, two, images, hundred, per, time, page, available, edition, creation, proquest, keying, transcribed, project, adventure, markup

Using the three most frequent words, the three files containing all of those words the most are A translation of the articles established by the most excellent magistracy of revisors and regulators of the publick revenue in the exchequer at Venice and approved by the Senate the 5th of March, 1693 in matter of erecting a profitable adventure for the fortunate of one hundred and fifty thousand tickets or bolletines of two ducats each : March the 9th, 1693., Articles established by Alexander Hamilton, formerly merchant in Rouen in France, now in Edinburgh, and his partners in the erecting in the said city, a profitable adventure for the fortunat, of fifty thousand tickets, of half a crown each. December 9, 1693., and Fourteen hundred thousand pound, made into one hundred forty thousand bills, of ten pound apiece, to be given out for so much, as occasion requires, and to be paid as chance shall determine in course, out of 1515000 l. to be raised on a duty on malt, the odd 115000 l. being left to be only made use of to pay interest, premium and charge.

The most frequent two-word phrases (bigrams) include:

early english, english books, books online, creation partnership, text creation, page images, benefitted tickets, tcp schema, characters represented, one hundred, represented either, image sets, one royal, thousand tickets, per cent, first volume, will remain, forty thousand, may come, profitable adventure, early works, project restraints, ascii text, known extent, respectfully request, within braces, great britain, displayable xml, text transcribed, first editions, large quantities, online text, external keying, text selection, publisher proquest, structural encoding, first edition, critical editions, will never, libraries guidelines, encoded edition, characters will, compelling reason, cambridge bibliography, tcp texts, now take, text strings, true nature, produce large, instances will

And the three file that use all of the three most frequent phrases are Articles established by Alexander Hamilton, formerly merchant in Rouen in France, now in Edinburgh, and his partners in the erecting in the said city, a profitable adventure for the fortunat, of fifty thousand tickets, of half a crown each. December 9, 1693. A translation of the articles established by the most excellent magistracy of revisors and regulators of the publick revenue in the exchequer at Venice and approved by the Senate the 5th of March, 1693 in matter of erecting a profitable adventure for the fortunate of one hundred and fifty thousand tickets or bolletines of two ducats each : March the 9th, 1693., and A profitable adventure to the fortunate, and can be unfortunate to none. Being a proposal for raising one million of money, by setling a fund of one hundred and forty thousand pounds per annum for fifteen years only for it..

While often deemed superficial or sophomoric, rudimentary frequencies and their associated "word clouds" can be quite insightful:

Keywords

Sets of keywords -- statistically significant words -- can be enumerated by comparing the relative frequency of words with the number of times the words appear in an entire corpus. Some of the most statistically significant keywords in the carrel include:

tcp, tickets, virginia, royal, money, lotteries, england, early, bills, benefit

And now word clouds really begin to shine:

Topic Modeling

Topic modeling is another popular approach to connoting the aboutness of a corpus. If the study carrel could be summed up in a single word, then that word might be shall, and By the King, a proclamation for the better regulating lotteries within the kingdoms of Great Britain and Ireland is most about that word.

If the study carrel could be summed up in three words ("topics") then those words and their significantly associated titles include:

If the study carrel could be summed up in five topics, and each topic were each denoted with three words, then those topics and their most significantly associated files would be:

Moreover, the totality of the study carrel's aboutness, can be visualized with the following pie chart:

Noun & Verbs

Through an analysis of your study carrel's parts-of-speech, you are able to answer question beyonds aboutness. For example, a list of the most frequent nouns helps you answer what questions; "What is discussed in this collection?":

tickets, text, money, texts, l., characters, books, works, xml, work, images, image, ticket, time, project, page, keying, encoding, elements, eebo, edition, data, day, title, number, users, sets, selection, schema, purposes, markup, instances, guidelines, editions, lots, way, t, course, terms, print, year, reason, period, o, end, copy, web, volume, variety, user

An enumeration of the verbs helps you learn what actions take place in a text or what the things in the text do. Very frequently, the most common lemmatized verbs are "be", "have", and "do"; the more interesting verbs usually occur further down the list of frequencies:

be, is, was, have, are, said, were, given, drawn, encoded, been, made, paid, based, being, marked, do, put, published, make, numbred, created, represented, create, corrected, -, remain, done, come, answer, according, use, take, using, proposed, taken, sent, printed, divided, did, paying, known, intended, described, appears, meet, kept, distributed, benefited, assigned

Proper Nouns

An extraction of proper nouns helps you determine the names of people and places in your study carrel.

tcp, text, tei, eebo, english, royal, oxford, proquest, phase, partnership, creation, london, tickets, england, blanks, thomas, utf-8, unicode, transcribed, p5, online, ncbel, michigan, lotteries, books, benefit, persons, great, sir, number, book, ticket, neale, box, adventure, pound, ducats, yearly, new, l., cent, overseers, mr., money, d., benefits, asia, alexander, university, hamilton

An analysis of personal pronouns enables you to answer at least two questions: 1) "What, if any, is the overall gender of my study carrel?", and 2) "To what degree are the texts in my study carrel self-centered versus inclusive?"

their, it, our, his, we, they, them, i, him, he, its, my, us, one, me, her, themselves

Below are words cloud of your study carrel's proper & personal pronouns.

Adjectives & Verbs

Learning about a corpus's adjectives and adverbs helps you answer how questions: "How are things described and how are things done?" An analysis of adjectives and adverbs also points to a corpus's overall sentiment. "In general, is my study carrel positive or negative?"

such, first, early, other, english, same, available, general, good, illegible, large, aforesaid, second, possible, original, due, own, last, usual, subject, eligible, wide, whole, true, textual, syntactic, structural, strong, readable, quality, public, present, overall, more, monographic, lossless, light, later, keyboarded, greater, financial, external, editorial, displayable, diplomatic, critical, compelling, commercial, clear, basic

so, out, not, in, then, up, therefore, now, only, as, online, also, above, very, thereof, over, just, thus, never, first, well, together, soon, most, early, whatsoever, variously, usually, sometimes, respectfully, notably, mainly, even, accurately, yet, next, here, there, certainly, thereby, sooner, off, much, more, apiece, already, all, again, far, ever

Next steps

There is much more to a study carrel than the things outlined above. Use this page's menubar to navigate and explore in more detail. There you will find additional features & functions including: ngrams, parts-of-speech, grammars, named entities, topic modeling, a simple search interface, etc.

Again, study carrels are self-contained. Download this carrel for offline viewing and use.

Thank you for using the Distant Reader.