The trissotetras: or, a most exquisite table for resolving all manner of triangles, whether plaine or sphericall, rectangular or obliquangular, with greater facility, then ever hitherto hath been practised: most necessary for all such as would attaine to the exact knowledge of fortification, dyaling, navigation, surveying, architecture, the art of shadowing, taking of heights, and distances, the use of both the globes, perspective, the skill of making the maps, the theory of the planets, the calculating of their motions, and of all other astronomicall computations whatsoever. Now lately invented, and perfected, explained, commented on, and with all possible brevity, and perspicuity, in the hiddest, and most re-searched mysteries, from the very first grounds of the science it selfe, proved, and convincingly demonstrated. / By Sir Thomas Urquhart of Cromartie Knight. Published for the benefit of those that are mathematically affected. Urquhart, Thomas, Sir, 1611-1660. 1645 Approx. 338 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 70 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2008-09 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A95751 Wing U140 Thomason E273_9 ESTC R212170 99870816 99870816 123211 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A95751) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 123211) Images scanned from microfilm: (Thomason Tracts ; 45:E273[9]) The trissotetras: or, a most exquisite table for resolving all manner of triangles, whether plaine or sphericall, rectangular or obliquangular, with greater facility, then ever hitherto hath been practised: most necessary for all such as would attaine to the exact knowledge of fortification, dyaling, navigation, surveying, architecture, the art of shadowing, taking of heights, and distances, the use of both the globes, perspective, the skill of making the maps, the theory of the planets, the calculating of their motions, and of all other astronomicall computations whatsoever. Now lately invented, and perfected, explained, commented on, and with all possible brevity, and perspicuity, in the hiddest, and most re-searched mysteries, from the very first grounds of the science it selfe, proved, and convincingly demonstrated. / By Sir Thomas Urquhart of Cromartie Knight. Published for the benefit of those that are mathematically affected. Urquhart, Thomas, Sir, 1611-1660. [14], 96, [18] p. : ill. Printed by Iames Young., London, : 1645. Reproduction of the original in the British Library. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. Gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. 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Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site . eng Mathematics -- Early works to 1800. 2007-04 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2007-05 Apex CoVantage Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2007-06 Jonathan Blaney Sampled and proofread 2007-06 Jonathan Blaney Text and markup reviewed and edited 2008-02 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion THE TRISSOTETRAS : OR A MOST EXQUISITE TABLE FOR Resolving all manner of Triangles , whether Plaine or Sphericall , Rectangular or Obliquangular , with greater facility , then ever hitherto hath been practised : Most necessary for all such as would attaine to the exact knowledge of Fortification , Dyaling , Navigation , Surveying , Architecture , the Art of Shadowing , taking of Heights , and Distances , the use of both the Globes , Perspective , the skill of making of Maps , the Theory of the Planets , the calculating of their motions , and of all other Astronomicall computations whatsoever . Now lately invented , and perfected , explained , commented on , and , with all possible brevity , and perspicuity , in the hiddest , and most re-searched mysteries , from the very first grounds of the Science it selfe , proved , and convincingly demonstrated . By Sir THOMAS URQUHART of Cromartie Knight . Published for the benefit of those that are Mathematically affected . LONDON , Printed by Iames Young. 1645. TO THE RIGHT HONOVRABLE , And most noble LADY , My deare and loving Mother , the Lady DOWAGER of Cromartie . MADAM , FILIALL duty being the more binding in me , that I doe owe it to the best of Mothers ; if in the discharge thereof I observe not the usuall manner of other sonnes , I am the lesse to blame , that their obligation is not so great as mine : Therefore in that doe presume to imprint your Ladiships name in the Frontispiece of this Book , and proffer unto you a Dedication of that , which is beyond the capacity of other Ladies ; my boldnesse therein is the more excusable , that in your person the most vertuous Woman in the world is intreated to Patronize that , which by the learnedest men may happily be perused . I am confident ( Madam ) that your gracious acceptance of this Present is the more easily obtainable , in that it is a grand-child of your own , whom I thus make tender of , to be sheltered under the favor of your protection ; and that unto your Ladiship it will not be the more unwelcome , for proceeding from the braines of him , whose body is not more yours by generation , then by a most equitable purchase are the faculties of his mind ; the dominion which over my better halfe you , by your goodnesse , have acquired , being , in regard of my obedience , no lesse voluntary , then that of the other is for procreation naturall . Thus ( Madam ) unto you doe I totally belong , but so , as that those exteriour parts of mine , which by birth are from your Ladiship derived , cannot be more fortunate in this their subjection ( notwithstanding the egregious advantages of bloud , and consanguinity thereby to them accruing ) then my selfe am happy ( as from my heart I doe acknowledge it ) in the just right , your Ladiship hath to the eternall possession of the never-dying powers of my soule . For , though ( Soveraignty excepted ) there be none in this Island more honourably descended then is your Ladiship , nor whose progenitors , these many ages past , have been ( on either side ) of a more Noble extraction : Yet , laying apart Nobility , beauty , wealth , parentage , and friends , which ( together with many other gifts of fortune ) have hitherto served to adorn your Ladiship beyond others of your sex , who for all these have been deservedly renowned ; and ( in some measure ) not esteeming that properly to be yours , the receiving whereof did not altogether depend upon your owne election : it is the treasure of those excellent graces , wherewith inwardly you are enriched , that , in praising of your Ladiship is most to be pitch'd upon , and for the which you are most highly to be commended ; seeing by the means of them , you , from your tenderest yeeres upwards , untill this time , in the state of both Virginity and Matrimony , have so constantly , and indefatigably proceeded in the course of vertue , with such alacrity fixed your gallant thoughts on the sweetnesse thereof , and thereunto so firmly and cheerefully devoted all your words and actions , as if righteousnesse in your Ladiship had been an inbred quality , and that in your Will there had beene no aptitude of declining from the way of reason . This much is sufficiently well known to those , that have at any time enjoyed the honour of your Ladiships conversation , by whose most unpartiall reports , the Splendour of your reputation is both in this , and foraine Nations accounted precious , in the minds even of those , that have never seen you . But in so much more especially , doe the most judicious of either sex admire the rare and sublime endowments , wherewith your Ladiship is qualified , that ( as a patterne of perfection , worthy to be universally followed ) other Ladies ( of what dignity soever ) are truly by them esteemed of the choiser merit , the nearer they draw to the Paragon proposed , and resemble your Ladiship ; for that , by vertue of your beloved society , your neighbouring Countesses , and other greater Dames of your kindred and acquaintance , become the more illustrious in your imitation ; amidst whom , as Cynthia amongst the obscurer Planets , your Ladiship shines , and darteth the Angelick rayes of your matchlesse example on the spirits of those , who by their good Genius have been brought into your favourable presence to be enlightned by them . Now ( Madam ) lest , by insisting any longer upon this straine , I should seeme to offend that modesty , and humility , which ( without derogating from your heroick vertues ) are seated in a considerable place of your soule , I will here , in all submission , most humbly take my leave of your Ladiship , and beseech Almighty God , that it may please his Divine Majesty so to blesse your Ladiship with continuance of dayes , that the sonnes of those whom I have not as yet begot , may attaine to the happinesse of presenting unto your Ladiship a brain-babe of more sufficiencie and consequence ; and that your Ladiship may live with as much health , and prosperity , to accept thereof , and cherish it then , as ( I hope ) you doe now , at your vouchsafing to receive this , which ( though disproportionable , both to your Ladiships high deserts , and to that fervencie of willingnesse in me , sometime to make offer of what is of better worth , and more sutable to the grandour of your acceptance ) in all sincerity of heart ( confiding in that candour and ingenuity , wherby your Ladiship is accustomed to value gifts , according to the intention of the giver ) and in all duty , and lowlinesse of mind , together with my selfe in whole , and all my best endeavours , I tender unto your Ladiship , as becometh , ( Madam ) Your Ladiships most affectionate Sonne and humble servant , THOMAS URQUHART . To the Reader . TO write of Trigonometry , and not make mention of the illustrious Lord Neper of Marchiston , the inventer of Logarithms , were to be unmindfull of him that is our daily Benefactor ; these artificiall numbers by him first excogitated and perfected , being of such incomparable use , that , by them , we may operate more in one day , and with lesse danger of errour , then can be done without them in the space of a whole week . A secret which would have beene so precious to Antiquity , that Pythagoras , all the seven wise men of Greece , Archimedes , Socrates , Plato , Euclid , and Aristotle , had ( if coaevals ) joyntly adored him , and unanimously concurred to the deifying of the revealer of so great a Mystery : and truly ( besides them ) a great many other learned men , who for the laboriousnesse of long and various Multiplications , Divisions , and Radicall extractions of severall sorts , were deterred from the prosecuting , and divulging of their knowledge in the chiefest , and most noble parts of the Mathematicks , would have left behind them diverse exquisite Volumes , of an incomprehensible value , if the Arithmetical equality of difference , agreeable to every continued Geometricall proportion , had been made known unto them . Wherefore , I am infallibly perswaded , that , in the estimation of scientifically disposed spirits , the Philosophers stone is but trash to this invention , which will alwayes ( in their judicious opinions ) be accounted of more worth to the Mathematicall world , then was the finding out of America , to the King of Spaine ; or the discovery of the nearest way to the East-indies , would be to the Northerly occidentall Merchants . What the merit then of the Author is , let the most envious judge : for my owne part , I doe not praise him so much , for that he is my Compatriot , as I must extoll the happinesse of my Countrey , for having produced so brave a spark , in whom alone ( I may with confidence averre , it is more glorious , then if it had beene the conquering Kingdome of five hundred potent Nations : for , by how much the gifts of the mind , are more excellent then those of either body or fortune ; by so much the divine effects of the faculties thereof , are of greater consequence , then what is performed by meer force of Armes , or chance of Warre . I might say more in commendation of this gallant man , but that my discourse being directed to the Reader , he will possibly expect to be entertained with some other purpose then Encomiasticks ; and therefore , to undeceive him of those hopes ( if any such there be ) I will assure him , that to no other end I did require his observance here , but to be informed by me of the laudable endowments of that honourable Baron , whose eminencie above others ( wher-ever he be spoke of ) deserveth such an ample Elogie by it selfe , that the paper , graced with the receiving of his name and character , should not be blurred with the course impression of any other stuffe . However the Reader ought not to conceive amisse for his being detained so long upon this Eulogistick subject , without the variety of any peculiar instruction bestowed on him ; seeing I am certaine there is nothing more advantagious to him , or that more efficaciously can tend to his improvement , then the imitation of that admirable Gentleman , whose immortall fame , in spite of time , will out-last all ages , and look eternity in the face . The Readers well-wisher . T. U. An Epaenetick and Doxologetick Expresse , in commendation of this Book , and the Author thereof . To all Philomathets . SEeing Trigonometry , which handsomly unlocketh the choycest , and most intime mysteries of the Mathematicks , hath beene hitherto exposed to the world in a method , whose intricacy deterreth many from adventuring on it ; We are all , and every one of us , by duty bound to acknowledge our selves beholding to the Author of this Treatise ; who , by reducing all the secrets of that noble Science into a most exquisite order , hath so facilitated the way to the Learner , that in seven weeks , at most , he may attaine to more knowledge therein , then otherwise he could doe for his heart in the space of a twelve-moneth : And who , for the better encouragement of the studious , hath so gentilely expatiated his spirits upon all its Actioms , Principles , Analogies , precepts , and whole subjected matter ; that this Mathematicall Tractate doth no lesse bespeak him a good Poet , and good Orator , then by his elaboured Poems he hath showne himselfe already a good Philosopher , and Mathematician . Thus doth the various mixture of most excellent qualities in him , give such evidence of the transcendent faculties of his mind , that , as the Muses never yet inspired sublimer conceptions in a more refined stile , then is to be found in the accurate strain of his most ingenious Epigrams : so , on the other part , are the abstrusest difficulties of this Science by him so neatly unfolded , and with such exactnesse hath he resolved the hardest , and most intangled doubts thereof ; that , I may justly say , what praise ( in his Epistle , or rather Preface , to the Reader ) he hath beene pleased ( out of his ingenuity , to confer on the learned , and honourable Neper , doth , without any diminution , in every jot , as duly belong unto himselfe . For , I am certainly perswaded , he that useth Logarithms , shall not gaine so much time on the Worker by the naturall Sines and Tangents , as , by vertue of this succinct manner of calculation , shall be got on him that knoweth it not , how compendiously soever else , with Addition and Subtraction , or Addition alone , he frame his Computations . However , he who , together with that of the Logarithms , maketh use of this invention , is in a way which will bring him so straight and readily to the perfect practice of Trigonometry , that , compared with the old beaten path , trod upon by Regiomontanus , Ptolomy , and other ancient Mathematicians , it is like the Sea voyage , in regard of that by Land , betwixt the two Pillars of ( Hercules commonly called , the Straits of Gibraltar ) whereof the one is but of six houres sailing at most , and the other a journey of seven thousand long miles . If we then consider how a great many , despairing ever to get out ( if once entred ) of the confused obscurity wherein the doctrine of Triangles hath beene from time to time involved , have rather contented themselves barely with Scale and Compasse , and other mechanick tooles and instruments , to prosecute their operations , and in any reasonable measure to glance somewhat neare the truth , then , thorough so many pesterments , and harsh incumbrances , to touch it to a point , in its most indivisible and infallible reality . And how others , for all their being more industrious , in proving their Conclusions by the Mediums from which they are necessarily inferr'd , are neverthelesse ( even when they have bestowed half an age in the Trigonometricall practice ) oftentimes so farre to seek , that , without a great deale of premeditation advisement , and recollecting of themselves , they know not how to discusse some queries , corollaries , problems , consectaries , proportions , wayes of perpendicular falling , and other such like occurring debatable matters , incident to the scientifick measuring of Triangles ; We cannot choose ( these things being maturely perpended ) but be much taken with the pregnancy of this device , whereby we shall sooner hit to a minut upon the verity of an Angle or Side demanded , and trace it to the very source and originall , from whence it flowes , then another mechanically shall be able to come within three degrees thereof , although he cannot , for the same little he doth , afford any reason at all ; And so suddenly resolve any Trigonometricall question ( without paines or labour , how perplexed soever it be ) with all the dependances thereto belonging , as if it were a knowledge meerly infused from above , and revealed by the peculiar inspiration of some favourable Angel. Besides these advantages , administred unto us by the meanes of this exquisite Book , this maine commodity accreweth to the diligent Perusers of it , that , instead of three quarters of a yeere , usually by Professors allowed to their Schollers for the right conceiving of this Science , which ( notwithstanding ) through any little discontinuance , is by them so apt to be forgotten , that the expence of a week or two will hardly suffice to reseat it in their memories ; they shall not need , by this method , to bestow above a moneth , and with such ease and facility for retention , when they have learned and acquired it , that , if multiplicity of businesses , or serious plodding upon other studies happen to blot it out of their minds , they may as firmly recover in one quarter of an hour the whole knowledge and remembrance thereof , as when they had it best , and were most punctually versed in it . A secret ( in my opinion ) so precious , that ( as the Author spoke of Marchiston ) I may with the like pertinencie avouch of him , that his Countrey and kindred would not have been more honoured by him , had he purchased millions of gold , and severall rich territories of a great and vast extent ; then for this subtile and divine invention , which will out-last the continuance of any inheritance , and remaine fresh in the understandings of men of profound Literature , when houses and possessions will change their owners , the wealthy become poor , and the children of the needy enjoy the treasures of those , whose heires are impoverished . Therefore , seeing for the many-fold uses thereof in divers Arts and Sciences , in speculation and practice , peace and war , sport and earnest , with the admirable furtherances we reape by it , in the knowledge of Sea and Land , and Heaven and Earth , it cannot be otherwise then permanent , together with the Authors fame , so long as any of those endure ; I will ( God willing ) in the ruines of all these , and when time it selfe is expired , in testimony of my thankfulnesse in particular for so great a benefit , ( if after the Resurrection , there be any complementall affability ) expresse my selfe then , as I doe now , The Authors most affectionate , and most humbly devoted servant J. A. The Diatyposis of the whole Doctrine of Triangles . The plane Triangles have 13. Moods . Planorectangulars 7. 1 Upalem . 2 Uberman . 3 Uphener . 4 Ekarul . 5 Egalem . 6 Echemun . 7 Etena● . Planobliquangulars . 6. 1 Danarele . 2 There●abmo . 3 Zelemabne . 4 Xemenoro . 5 Shenerolem . 6 Pserelema . The Sphericals have 28 Moods . Orthogonosphericals . 16. 1. Upalam . 2. Ubamen . 3. Uphanep . 4. Ukelamb . 5. Ugemon . 6. Uchener 7. E●alum 8. Edamon . 9. Ethaner . 10. Ezolum . 11. Exoman . 12. Epsoner . 13. Alamun . 14. Amaner . 15. Enerul . 16. E●elam . Of these 16. Mood 〈◊〉 Moods of V●●●gen ●re prounded upon the Axi●●re of Supro●●● . The 8. of Pubkutetkepsaler on Sbaprotea : and the 5. of Uchedezexam on Proso By these 16. Representatives , 1. Le● . 2. Yet . 3. R●c 4. Cle. 5. Lu. 6. Tul. 7. Tere. 8. Tol. 9. Le● 10. At. 11. Tul. 12. Clet . 13. Cret . 14. Tur. 15. Tur. 16. Le ( A. signifying an oblique Angle . E. the Perpendicular U. the subtendent C. Initiall , the complemēt of a side to a quadrant ● . finall , the side continued to the Radius or a Quadrant . I. left . R. right . and T. one of the top Triangles of the Scheme ) it is evidenced in what part of the Diagram the Analogy of my of the 16. Moods begins , which being once knowne , the progressive sequence of the proportionable Sides & Angles is easily discerned out of the orderly in volutions of the Figure it selfe . Here it is to be observed , that as the Book explaineth the Trissotetral Table : so this Trigonodiatyposis unfoldeth ▪ all the intricate difficulties of the Book . Loxogonosphericals . 12. That the Schemes and Types of Triangulary Analogies are not seated in the roomes , where they are treated of , I purposely have done it ; to the end , that being all perceived at one view , their multiplicity ( which would appeare confused in their ●ispersed method ) might ●●ot any way discourage 〈…〉 der : besides that , this their ●eing together in their ●u● order , and rancked ●ecording to the exigence of the Sides or Angles , is such a furtherance to the memory , and illustration to the judgement , that it maketh Trigonometry , which of all Sciences was accounted the abstrusest , to be in effect the most 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 . Monurgeticks . 4 1 Lamaneprep . 2 Menerolo . 3 Nerelema . 4 Ralam●●● Of the Disergeticks there be 8. Moods , each whereof is divided into foure Cases . Ahalebmane . 1. Alamebna Dasimforaug . Dadisfo●●ug . Dadisgatin . Simomatin . 2. Alamebne . Dasimforauxy . Dadiscracforeug . Dadiscramgatin . Simomatin . Ahamepnare . 〈…〉 Dadissepamforaur . Dadissexamforeur . Dasimatin . Simomatin . 4. Ammaneprela Dadissepamfor . Dadisse●amfor . Dasimin . Simomatin . Ehenabrole . 〈…〉 Dacramfor . Damracfor . Dasimquzin . Simomatin . 6. E●neral●la . Dacforamb . Damforac . Da●imat●m . Simomatin . Eherolabme 〈…〉 Dacracforeur . Dambracforeur . Dacrambatin . Simomatin . 8. E●relome Dakyxamfor . Dambyxamfor . Dakypambin . Simomatin . In Eruditum D. Thomae Vrquharti equitis Trissotetrados librum . SI cupis aetherios tutò peragrare meatus , Et sulcare audes si vada salsa maris : Vel tibi si cordi est terrae spatia ampla metiri , Huc ades , hunc doctum percipe mente librum . Hoc , sine Daedaleis pennis volitare per auras , Et sine Neptuno nare per alta vales . Hoc duce , jam Lybicos poteris superare calores , Atque pati Scythici frigora saeva poli . Perge Thoma ; tali tandem gaudebit alumno SCOTIA , quam scriptis tollis in astra tuis . Al. Ross . POSITIONS . EVery Circle is divided into three hundred and sixty parts , called Degrees , whereof each one is Sexagesimated , Subsexagesimated , Resubsexagesimated , and Biresubsexagesimated , in Minutes , Seconds , Thirds , Fourths , and so far forth as any Computist is pleased to proceed for the exactnesse of a Research , in the calculation of any Orbiculary Dimension . 2. As Degrees are the measure of Arches , so are they of Angles ; but that those are called Circumferentiall , these Angulary Degrees , each whereof is the three hundred and sixtieth part of four right Angles , which are nothing else but the surface of a Plain to any point circumjacent ; for any space whatsoever about a point , is divided in 360. parts : And the better to conceive the Analogie that is betwixt these two sorts of graduall Measures , we must know , that there is the same proportion of any Angle to 4. right Angles , as of an arch of so many circumferential degrees to the whole circumference . 3. Hence is it , that the same number serves the Angle , and the Arch that vaults it , and that divers quantities are measured ( as it were ) with the same graduall measure . Angles and Arches then are Analogicall , and the same reason is of both . 4. Seeing any given proportion may be found in numbers , and that any two quantities have the same proportion that the two numbers have , according to the which they are measured : if for the measuring of Triangles there must be certain proportions of all the parts of a Triangle , to one another known , and those proportions explained in numbers it is most certain , all Magnitudes , being Figures at least in power , and all Figures either Triangles , or Triangled , that the Arithmeticall Solution of any Geometricall question , dependeth on the Doctrine of Triangles . 5. And though the proportion betwixt the parts of a Triangle cannot be without some errour ; because of crooked lines to right lines , and of crooked lines amongst themselves , the reason is inscrutable , no man being able to finde out the exact proportion of the Diameter to the Circumference : yet both in plain Triangles , where the measure of the Angles is of a different species from the sides , and in Sphericalls , wherein both the Angles and sides are of a circular nature , crooked lines are in some measure reduced to right lines by the definition of quantity which right lines , viz. Sines , Tangents , and Secants , applyed to a Circle have in respect of the Radius , o● half-Diameter . 6. And therefore , though the Circles Quadrature be not found out , it being in our power to make the Diameter , or the semi-Diameter , which is the Radius of as many parts as we please , and being sure so much the more that the Radius be taken , the error will be the lesser ; for albeit the Sines , Tangents and Secants , be irrationall thereto for the most part , and their proportion inexplicable by any number whatsoever , whither whole or broken : yet if they be rightly made , they will be such , as that in them all no number will be different from the truth by an integer , or unity of those parts , whereof the Radius is taken : which is so exactly done by some , especially by Petiscus , who assumed a Radius of twenty six places , that according to his supputation ( the Diameter of the Earth being known , and the Globe thereof supposed to be perfectly round ) one should not fail in the dimension of its whole Circuit , the nine hundreth thousand scantling of the Million part of an Inch , and yet not be able , for all that , to measure it without amisse ; for so indivisible the truth of a thing is , that come you never so neer it , unlesse you hit upon it just to a point , there is an errour still . DEFINITIONS . A Cord , or Subtense , is a right line , drawn from the one extremity to the other of an Arch. 2. A right Sine is the half Cord of the double Arch proposed , and from one extremity of the Arch falleth perpendicularly on the Radius , passing by the other end thereof . 3. A Tangent is a right line , drawn from the Secant by one end of the Arch , perpendicularly on the extremity of the Diameter , passing by the other end of the said Arch. 4. A Secant is the prolonged Radius , which passeth by the upper extremity of the Arch , till it meet with the sine Tangent of the said Arch. 5. Complement is the difference betwixt the lesser Arch , and a Quadrant , or betwixt a right Angle and an Acute . 6. The complement to a semi-Circle , is the difference betwixt the half-Circumference and any Arch lesser , or betwixt two right Angles , and an Oblique Angle , whither blunt or sharp . 7. The versed sine is the remainder of the Radius , the sine Complement being subtracted from it , and though great use may be made of the versed sines , for finding out of the Angles by the sides , and sides by the Angles : yet in Logarithmicall calculations they are altogether uselesse , and therefore in my Trissotetras there is no mention made of them . 8. In Amblygonosphericall● , which admit both of an Extrinsecall , and Intrinsecall demission of the perpendicular , nineteen severall parts are to be considered : viz. The Perpendicular , the Subtendentall , the Subtendentine , two Cosubtendents , the Basall , the Basidion , the chief Segment of the Base , two Cobases , the double Verticall , the Verticall , the Verticaline , two Coverticalls , the next Cathetopposite , the prime Cathetopposite , and the two Cocathetopposites : fourteen whereof , ( to wit ) the Subtendentall , the Subtendentine , the Cosubtendents , the Basall , the Basidion , the Cobases , the Verticall , the Verticaline , the Coverticalls , and Cocathetopposites , are called the first , either Subtendent , Base , Topangle , or Cocathetopposite , whither in the great Triangle or the little , or in the Correctangle , if they be ingredients of that Rectangular , whereof most parts are known , which parts are alwayes a Subtendent and a Cathetopposite : but if they be in the other Triangle , they are called the second Subtendents , Bases , and so forth . 9. The externall double Verticall is included by the Perpendicular , and Subtendentall , and divided by the Subtendentine : the internall is included by cosubtendents , and divided by the Perpendicular . APODICTICKS . THe Angles made by a right Line , falling on another right Line , are equall to two right Angles ; because every Angle being measured by an Arch , or part of a Circumference , and a right Angle by ninety Degrees , if upon the middle of the ground line , as Center , be described a semi-Circle , it will be the measure of the Angles , comprehended betwixt the falling , and sustaining lines . 2. Hence it is , that the four opposite Angles made by one line , crossing another , are always each to its own opposite equall ; for if upon the point of Intersection , as Center , be described a Circle , every two of those Angles will fill up the semi-Circle ; therefore the first and second will be equall to the second and third , and consequently the second , which is the common Angle to both these couples being removed , the first will remain equall to the third , and by the same reason , the second to the fourth , which was to be demonstrated . 3. If a right line falling upon two other right lines , make the alternat Angles equall , these lines must needs be Paralell ; for if they did meet , the alternat Angles would not be equall ; because in all plain Triangles , the outward Angle is greater , then any of the remote inward Angles , which is proved by the first . 4. If one of the sides of a Triangle be produced , the outward Angle is equall to both the inner , and opposite Angles together ; because according to the acclining or declining of the conterminall side , is left an Angulary space , for the receiving of a paralell to the opposite side , in the point of whose occourse at the base , the Exterior Angle is divided into two , which for their like , and alternat situation with the two Interior Angles , are equall each to its own conform to the nature of Angles , made by a right line crossing divers paralells . 5. From hence we gather , that the three Angles of a plain Triangle , are equall to two rights ; for the two inward , being equall to the Externall one , and there remaining of the three , but one , which was proved in the first Apodictick , to be the Externall Angles complement to two rights ; it must needs fall forth ( what are equall to a third , being equall amongst themselves ) that the three Angles of a plain Triangle , are equall to two right Angles , the which we undertook to prove . 6. By the same reason , the two acute of a Rectangled plain Triangle , are equall to one right Angle , and any one of them , the others complement thereto . 7. In every Circle , an Angle from the Center , is two in the Limb , both of them having one part of the Circumference for base ; for being an Externall Angle , and consequently equall to both the Intrinsecall Angles , and therefore equall to one another ; because of their being subtended by equall bases , viz. the semi-Diameters , it must needs be the double of the foresaid Angle in the limb . 8. Triangles standing between two paralells , upon one and the fame base , are equall ; for the Identity of the base , whereon they are seated , together with the Equidistance of the Lines , within the which they are confined , maketh them of such a nature , that how long so ever the line paralell to the base be protracted , the Diagonall cutting of in one off the Triangles , as much of bredth , as it gains of length , ( the ones losse accruing to the profit of the other ) Quantifies them both to an equality , the thing we did intend to prove . 9. Hence do we inferre , that Triangles betwixt two paralells , are in the same proportion with their bases . 10. Therefore if in a Triangle , be drawn a paralell to any of the sides , it divideth the other sides , through which it passeth proportionally ; for besides that it maketh the four segments , to be four bases , it becomes ( if two Diagonall lines be extended from the ends thereof , to the ends of its paralell ) a common base to two equall Triangles , to which two , the Triangle of the first two segments , having reference according to the difference of their bases , and these two being equall , as it is to the one , so must it be to the other , and therefore the first base , must be to the second , ( which are the Segments of one side of the Triangle ) as the third to the fourth , ( which are the Segments of the second ) all which was to be demonstrated . 11. From hence do we collect , that Equiangled Triangles have their sides about the equall Angles proportionall to one another . This sayes Petiscus , is the golden Foundation , and chief ground of Trigonometry . 12. An Angle in a semi-Circle is right ; because it is equall to both the Angles at the base , which ( by cutting the Diameter in two ) is perceivable to any . 13. Of four proportionall lines , the Rectangled figure , made of the two extreames , is equall to the Rectangular , composed of the means ; for as four and one , are equall to two and three , by an Arithmeticall proportion : and the fourth term Geometrically exceeding , or being lesse then the third , as the second is more , or lesse then the first ; what the fourth hath , or wanteth , from and above the third , is supplyed , or impaired by the Surplusage , or deficiency of the first from and above the second : These Analogies being still taken in a Geometricall way , make the oblong of the two middle , equall to that of the extreams , which was to be proved . 14. In all plain Rectangled Triangles , the Ambients are equall in power to the Subtendent ; for by demitting from the right Angle a Perpendicular , there will arise two Correctangles , from whose Equiangularity with the great Rectangle , will proceed such a proportion amongst the Homologall sides , of all the three , that if you set them right in the rule , beginning your Analogy at the main Subtendent , ( seeing the including sides of the totall Rectangle , prove Subtendents in the partiall Correctangles , and the bases of those Rectanglets , the Segments of the great Subtendent ) it will fall out , that as the main Subtendent is to his base , on either side ( for either of the legs of a Rectangled Triangle , in reference to one another , is both base and Perpendicular ) so the same bases , which are Subtendents in the lesser Rectangles , are to their bases , the Segment , of the prime Subtendent : Then by the Golden rule we find , that the multiplying of the middle termes ( which is nothing else , but the squaring of the comprehending sides of the prime Rectangular ) affords two products , equall to the oblongs made of the great Subtendent , and his respective Segments , the aggregat whereof by equation is the same with the square of the chief Subtendent , or Hypotenusa , which was to be demonstrated . 15. In every totall square , the supplements about the partiall , and Interior squares , are equall the one to the other ; for by drawing a Diagonall line , the great square being divided into two equall Triangles , because of their standing on equall bases betwixt two paralells , by the ninth Apodictick , it is evident , that in either of these great Triangles , there being two partiall ones , equall to the two of the other , each to his own , by the same Reason of the ninth : If from equall things ( viz. the totall Triangles ) be taken equall things ( to wit , the two pairs of partiall Triangles ) equall things must needs remain , which are the foresaid supplements , whose equality I undertook to prove , 16. If a right line cut into two equall parts be increased , the square made of the additonall line , and one of the Bisegments , joyned in one , lesse by the Square of the half of the line Bisected , is equall to the oblong contained under the prolonged line , and the line of Continuation ; for if annexedly to the longest side of the proposed oblong , be described the foresaid Square , there will jet out beyond the Quadrat Figure , a space or Rectangle , which for being powered by the Bisegment and Additionall line , will be equall to the neerest supplement , and consequently to the other ( the equality of supplements being proved by the last Apodictick ) by vertue whereof , a Gnomon in the great Square , lacking nothing of its whole Area , but the space of the square of the Bisected line , is apparent to equalize the Parallelogram proposed , which was to be demonstrated . 17. From hence proceedeth this Sequell , that if from any point without a circle , two lines cutting it be protracted to the other extremity thereof , making two cords , the oblongs contained under the totall lines , and the excesse of the Subtenses , are equall one to another ; for whether any of the lines passe through the Center , or not , if the Subtenses be Bisected , seeing all lines from the Center fall Perpendicularly upon the Chordall point of Bisection ( because the two semi-Diameters , and Bisegments substerned under equall Angles , in two Triangles evince the equality of the third Angle , to the third , by the fift Apodictick , which two Angles being made by the falling of one right line upon another , must needs be right by the tenth definition of the first of Euchilde ) the Bucarnon of Pythagoras , demonstrated in my fourteenth Apodictick , will by Quadrosubductions of Ambients , from one another , and their Quadrobiquadrequation● with the Hypotenusa , together with other Analogies of equation with the powers of like Rectangular Triangles , comprehended within the same circle , manifest the equality of long Squares , or oblongs Radically meeting in an Exterior point , and made of the prolonged Subtenses , and the lines of interception , betwixt the limb of the circle , and the point of concourse , quod probandum fuit . 18. Now to look back on the eleaventh Apodictick , where according to Petiscus , I said that upon the mutuall proportion of the sides of Equiangled Triangles , is founded the whole Science of Trigonometry , I do here respeak it , and with confidence maintain the truth thereof ; because , besides many others , it is the ground of these Subsequent Theorems : 1. The right sine of an Arch , is to its co-sine , as the Radius to the co-tangent of the said Arch. 2. The co-sine of an Arch , is to its sine , as the Radius to the Tangent of the said Arch. 3. The Sines , and co-Secants : the Secants , and co-Sines : and the Tangents , and co-Tangents , are reciprocally proportionall . 4. The Radius is a mean proportionall , betwixt the Sine , and co-Secant : the Secant , and co-Sine : and the Tangent , and co-Tangent : The verity of all these ▪ ( If a Quadrant be described , and upon the two Radiuses two Tangents , and two or three Sines be erected ( which in respect of other Arches will be co-Sines and co-Tangents ) and two Secants drawn ( which are likewise co-Secants ) from the Center to the top of the Tangents ) will appear by the foresaid reasons , out of my eleaventh Apodictick . The Trissotetras . Plain . Sphericall . Plain Trissotetras . Axiomes four . 1. Rulerst Vradesso : Directory : Enodandas . Eradetul : Vphechet : 3. Orth. 1. Obl. 2. Eproso Directorie : Enodandas 3. Ax. Grediftal : Dir. ● . Pubkegdaxesh : 4. Orth. 4. Ax. Bagrediffiu : Dir. ● . 3. Obl. The Planorectangular Table : Figures four ▪ 1. Va* le Datas . Quaesitas . Resolvers . Vp* Al§em . Rad — V — Sapy ☞ Yr. 2. Ve* mane Vb* em §an . V — Rad — Eg ☞ So.   Praesubserv . Possubserv . Vph* en §er . Vb* em §an . Vp* al§em , or , Eg* al§em . 3. Ena* ve Ek* ar §ul . Sapeg — Eg — Rad ☞ Vr . Eg* al §em . Rad — Taxeg — Eg ☞ Yr.     Praesubserv . Possubserv . 4. Ere* va Ech* em §un . Et* en §ar . Ek* ar §ul . Et* en §ar . E — Ge — Rad ☞ Toge . The Planobliquangular Table : Figures four . 1. Alahe * me Da*na*re §le . Sapeg — Eg — Sapyr ☞ Yr. 2. Emena*role The*re* lab §mo . Aggres — Zes — Talfagros ☞ Talzo .   Praesubserv . Possubserv . Ze*le*mab §ne . The*re* lab §mo . Da*na*re §le . 3. Enero*lome Xe* me* no §ro . E — So — Ge ☞ So.     Praesubserv . Possubserv . She*ne* ro §lem . Xe* me* no §ro . Da*na*re §le     Praesubserv . Possubserv . 4. Erele* a Pse* re* le §ma . Bagreziu . Vb*em §an . Finall Resolver . Vxi●q — Rad — 〈◊〉 — ☞ Sor. The Sphericall Trissotetras . Axiomes three . 1. Suprosca . Dir. uphugen . 2. Sbaprotca . pubkutethepsaler . 3. Seproso . uchedezexam . The Orthogonospherical Table . Figures 6. Datoquaeres 16.   Dat. Quaes . Resolvers . 1. Valam*menep Vp*al§am . Torb — Tag — Nu ☞ Mir. Vb*am§en . Nag — Mu — Torp ☞ Myr. or ,   Torp — Mu — Lag ☞ Myr. Vph*an §ep . Tol — Sag — Su ☞ Syr. 2. Veman*nore Vk*el§amb . Meg — Torp — Mu ☞ Nir. or ,   Torp — Teg — Mu ☞ Nir. Ug*em §on . Su — Seg — Tom ☞ Sir. or ,   Tom — Seg — Ru ☞ Sir. Uch*en §er . Neg — To — Nu ☞ Nyr . or ,   To — Le — Nu ☞ Nyr . 3. Enar*rulome Et*al§um . Torp — Me — Nag ☞ Mur. Ed*am§on . To — Neg — Sa ☞ Nir. Eth*an§er . Torb — Tag — Se ☞ Tyr. 4. Erol*lumane Ez*●l§um . Sag — Sep — Rad ☞ Sur. or ,   Rad — Seg — Rag ☞ Sur. Ex*●● §an . Ne — To — Nag ☞ Sir. or ,   To — Le — Nag ☞ Sir. Eps* on §er . Tag — Tolb — Te ☞ Syr. or ,   Tolb — Mag — Te ☞ Syr. 5. Acha* ve Al* am §un . Tag — Torb — Ma ☞ Nur. or ,   Torb — Mag — Ma ☞ Nur. Am* an §er . Say — Nag — T● ☞ Nyr . or ,   Tω — Noy — Ray ☞ Nyr . 6. Eshe*va En*er §ul . Ton — Neg — Ne ☞ Nur. Er* el §am . Sei — Teg — Torb ☞ Tir. or ,   Torb — Tepi — Rexi ☞ Tir. The Loxogonospherical Trissotetras . Monurgetick Disergetick . The Monurgetick Loxogonospherical Table . Axiomes two . 1. Seproso . Dir. Lame . Figures two . 2. Parses . Dir. Nera . Moods four . Figures . Datas . Quaes . Resolvers . 1. Datamista Lam*an*ep § rep . Sapeg — Se — Sapy ☞ Syr. Me*ne*ro § lo. Sepag — Sa — Sepi ☞ Sir.       ad 2. Datapura Ne*re*le § ma. Hal Basaldileg Sad Sab Re Regals Bis*ir .     ab     Parses — Powto — Parsadsab ☞ PowsalvertiR Ra*la*ma § ne . Kour Bfasines ( ereled ) Kouf Br*axypopyx . The Loxogonospherical Disergeticks Axiomes foure . 1. Na Bad prosver . Dir. Alama . 2. Naverpr or Tes. Allera . 3. Siubpror Tab. Ammena . 4. Niub prodesver . Errenna . Figures 4. Moods 8.   Fig. M. Sub Res . Dat. Praen . Cathetothesis . Final Resolvers . 1. Ab A         Cafregpiq .     La Vp Tag ut * Op § At Dasimforaug Sat-nop-Seud † nob . Kir . A Meb Al Nu ud * Ob § Aud Dadisforeug Saud-nob-Sat † nop . Ir.   Na. Am Mir uth* Oph § Auth Dadisgatin Sauth-noph-Seuth † nops Ir. Leb 2. Sub. Res . Dat. P●ae● . Cathetothesis . Final Resolvers .   Al         Cafyxegeq .   Ma La Vp Tag ut * op § at dasimforauxy nat-mut-naud † mwd   Meb Al Nu ud * ob § aud dadiscracforeug naud-mud-nat † mwt Ne Ne Am Mir uth * oph § auth dadiscramgatin nauth-muth-neuth † mwth Fig. M.       Cathetothesis . Plus minus . A A Sub. Re. Dat. Pr. Cafriq . Final Resolvers . Sindifora .                 At   Ma up Tag ut*Op § At Dadissepamforaur Nop-Sat-Nob ☞ Seudfr Autir . Ha Nep Al Nu ud*Ob § Aud Dadissexamforeur Nob-Saud-Nop ☞ Satfr Eutir .                 Aud   Ra Am Mir uth* Oph § Auth Dasimatin Noph-Seuth-Nops ☞ Soethj Authir . Mep 4.       Cathetothesis . Plus minus .   Am Sub. Re. Dat. . Pr. Cafregpagiq . Final Resolvers . Sindiforiu .                 Aet Na Ma ub Mu Ut* Op § Aet Dadissepamfor Tob-Top-Saet ☞ Soedfr Dyr .   Nep Am Lag Ud* Ob § Aed Dadissexamfor Top-Tob-Saed ☞ Soetfr Dyr .                 Aed Re Reb En Myr Uth* Oph § aeth Dasimin Tops-Toph-SAEth ☞ Soethj aeth Syr. Fig. M. Cathetothesis . Eb En Sub. Re. Dat. Pr. Cafregpigeq . Final Resolvers .   Er Ub Mu Ut* Op § aet Dacramfor Soed-Top-Saet ☞ Tob. Kir . En Ab Am Lag Ud* Ob § ad Damracfor Soet-Tob-Saed ☞ Top. Ir.   Lo En Myr Uth* Oph § aeth Dasimquaein Soeth-Toph-Saeth ☞ Tops . Ir. Ab 6. Cathetothesis .   En Sub. Re. Dat. Q. Pr. Cafregpiq . Final Resolvers . Ro Ne Ub Mu ut* Op § aet Dacforamb Naet-Nut-Noed ☞ Nwd . Yr.   Rab Am Lag ud* Ob § aed Damforac Naed-Nud-Noet ☞ Nwt . Yr. Le Le En Myr uth* Oph § aeth Dakinatam Naeth-Nuth-Noeth ☞ Nwth . Yr. Fig. M.         Cathteothesis . Plus minus . Eb E Sub. Re. Dat. Pr. Cafriq . Final Resolvers . Sindifora .                 At   Re Up Tag Ut* Op § at Dacracforaur Mut-Nat-Mwd ☞ Neudfr Autir . Er Lo Al Nu Ud* Ob § aud Dambracforeur Mud-Naud-Mwt ☞ Natfr Autir .                 Aud   Mab Am Mir Uth* Oph § auth Dacrambatin Muth-Nauth-Mwth ☞ Neuthj Authir Om 8.         Cathetothesis . Plus minus .   Er Sub. Re. Dat. . Pr. Cacurgyq . Final Resolvers . Sindiforiu .                 Aet Ab Re Ub Mu Ut* Op § aet Dakyxamfor Nut-Nat-Nwd ☞ Noedfr Dyr .   Lo Am Lag Ud* Ob § aed Dambyxamfor Nud-Nad-Nwt ☞ Noetfr Dyr .                 Aed Me Me En Myr Uth* Oph §ath Dakypambin Nuth-Nath-Nwth ☞ Noethj Aeth Syr. THe novelty of these words I know will seeme strange to some , and to the eares of illiterate hearers sound like termes of Conjuration : yet seeing that since the very infancie of learning , such inventions have beene made use of , and new words coyned , that the knowledge of severall things representatively confined within a narrow compasse , might the more easily be retained in a memory susceptible of their impression ( as is apparent by the names of Barbara , Celarent , Darii , Ferio , and fifteen more Syllogistick Moods , and by those likewise of Gammuth , A-re , B-mi , C-fa-uth , and seventeen other steps of Guidos Scale , which are universally received by men of understanding , and that have their spirits tuned to the harmony of reason ) I know not why Logick and Musick should be rather fitted with such helps then Trigonometrie , which , for certitude of demonstration , hath been held inferior to no science , and for sublimity and variety of object , is the primest of the Mathematicks . This is the cause why I framed the Trissotetras , wherein the termes by me invented , without regard of the initiall letters of the words by them expressed , are composed of such as , joyned together , are of most easie pronunciation ; as the Tangent complement of a Subtendent is sooner uttered by Mu then by T C S ; and the Secant complement of the side required , by Ry , then ( in the usuall apocopating way ) by the first syllables or letters of Secant complement , side , and required ; and considering that without opening of the mouth no word can be spoken , which overture is performed by the vowel , to all the sides and Angles I designed vowels , that in the coalescencie of syllables , Sines , Tangents , and Secants might the better consound therewith . The explanation of the Trissotetras . A. signifieth an Angle : Ab. in the Resolvers signifieth abstraction , but in the Figures and Datoquaeres the Angle between : Ac. or Ak. the acute Angle . Ad. Addition . AE . the first base : Amb. or Am. an obtuse Angle : As Angles in the plurall number . At. the double verticall , whether externall or internall . Au. the first verticall Angle : Ay , the Angle adjoyning to the side required . B. or Ba. the true base : Bis the double of a thing . Ca. the perpendicular : Cra. the concurse of a given and required side : Cur. the concurse of two given sides . D. the partiall or little rectangle or rectanglet . Da. the datas . Di. or Dif . the difference : Dir. the directories . D. q. Datoquaeres . Diss . of unlike natures . E. a side : Eb. the side between : Enod , enodandas : Ereled . turned into sides : Es , sides in the plurall number : Ei , the side conterminall with the Angle required : Eu , the second verticall Angle . F. the new base , or angularie base , it being an Angle converted into a side : Fig. figures : Fin. Res . finall resolvers : For , or Fo , outwardly , often made use of in the Cathetothesis : Fr. a subducting of a lesser from a greater , whether it be Side or Angle . G. An Angle or Side given : Gre , or aggre , the summe or aggregat . Hal , or Al , the halfe . I. Vowel , an Angle required : I Consonant , the addition of one thing to another used in the clausuls of some of the finall Resolvers . In , intus or inwardly , and sometimes turned into . Iu , the segments of the base , or the segmented base . K. The complement of an Angle to a Semicircle . L. The Secant : Leg , one of the comprehending sides of an Angle . This representative is once only mentioned . M. A Tangent complement . N. A Sine complement . O. An opposite Angle , or rather Cathetopposite : Ob. the next cathetopposite Angle , by some called the first opposite : Op. the prime cathetopposite Angle , by some called the second opposite Oph , the first of the coopposite Angles : Orth , an acute Angle : Ops , the second of the coopposits : Os , opposite Angles in the plurall number . Oe , the second base ; Ou , the Angle opposite to the base . P. Opposite , whether Angle or side : Par. a parallelogram or oblong . Praes . praesubservient : Possub . possubservient : Pro. proportionall : Prod. directly proportionall : Pror , reciprocally proportionall : Pow. the Square of a Line : Pran . praenoscendas . Q. Continued if need be . Quaes . Quaesitas . Quae. Quaere , or Required . R. The Secant complement , and sometimes in the middle of the Cathetothesis signifies required , as alwayes in the latter end of a finall resolver it doth by way of emphasis , when it followes I. or Y. R. likewise in the Axiom of Rulerst stands for Radius . Ra. the Radius , and in the Scheme the middle angularie Radius . S. The Sine , and in the close of some Resolvers , the Summe . Sim. of like affection or nature : Subs . Subservient . T. The Tangent . To. the Radius or total Sine , but in the Diagram it is taken for the left angularie Radius : Tω . the right angularie Radius in the Scheme proposed : Tol. the first hypotenusal Radius thereof . Tom. the second hyp . Radius . Ton. the third hyp . Rad. Tor. the fourth hyp . Rad. Tolb . the basiradius on the left hand . Torb . the basiradius on the right . Tolp. the Cathetorabdos , or Radius on the left . Torp . the Cathetoradius on the right . Th. the correctangle . U. The Subtendent side . V. consonant , to avoid vastnesse of gaping , expresseth the same in severall figures . Ur. the Subtendent required . W. The second Subtendent . X. Adjacent or Conterminal . Y. The side required . Z. The difference of Segments , and is the same with di , or dif . Neverthelesse the Reader may be pleased to observe , that no Consonants in the Figures or Moods are representative save P. and B. and that only in a few ; both these two and all the other Consonants meerly serving to expresse the order and series of the Moods and Figures respectively amongst themselves , and of their constitutive parts in regard of one another . ANIMADVERSIONS . IN the letter T. I have been something large in the enumeration of severall Radiuses ; for there being eleven made use of in the grand Scheme , whereof eight are Circumferentiall , and three Angularie , that they might be the better distinguished from one another , when falling in proportion we should have occasion to expresse them ; I thought good to allot to every one of them its owne peculiar Character : all which I have done with the more exactnesse , that by the variety of the Radiuses amongst themselves , when any one of them in particular is pitched upon , we may the sooner know what part of the Diagram , by meanes thereof , is fittest for the resolving of any Orthogonosphericall problem : though indeed , I must confesse , when sometimes to a question propounded , I adapt a figure apart , I doe indifferently ( excluding all other characters ) make use of To , or Rad , or R onely for the totall Sine , which , without any obscurity or confusion at all , I have practised for brevities sake . Likewise , it being my maine designe in the framing of this Table , to make alcapable trigonometrically-affected Students with much facility and litle labour attaine to the whole knowledge of the noble Science of the doctrine of Triangles , I deemed it expedient , the more firmely and readily to imprint the severall Datoquaeres or praescinded Problems thereof in their memories , to accommodate them accordingly with letters proper for the purpose ; which , if the ingenious Reader will be pleased to consider , he will find , by the very letters themselves , the place and number of each Datoquaere : This is the reason why my Trissotetras ( conforme to the Etymologie of its name ) is in so many divers Ternaries , and Quaternaries divided ; and that the sharp , meane , blunt , double , and Liquid Consonants of the Greek Alphabet , are so orderly bestowed in their severall roomes , being all and every one of them seated according to the nature of the Moods and Figures , whose characteristicks they are . Thirdly , the Moods of the Planotriangular Table , being in all thirteene , whereof there be seven Rectangular , and six Obliquangular , are fitly comprehended by the three blunt , three meane , three sharp , and soure double Consonants , the Hebrew Shin being accounted for one of them . Fourthly , the sixteen Moods of the Orthogonosphericall Trissotetras are contained under three sharp , three mean , three blunt , three double , and foure Liquids , which foure doe orderly particularise the Binaries of the last two Figures . Fifthly , the foure Monurgetick Loxogonosphericals are deciphred by each its owne Liquid in front , according to their literall order . Sixthly , the eight Loxogonosphericall Disergeticks are also distinguished by the foure Liquids , but with this difference from the Monurgeticks , that the Vowels of A and E precede them in the first syllable , importing thereby the Datas of an Angle or a Side . Now because these Disergeticks are eight in all , there being allotted to every Liquid that characteriseth the Figures , the better to diversifie the first and second Datas of each respective binarie from one another , ( in so farre as they have reference to each its own Quaesitum ) the Figurative Liquid is doubled when a Side is required , and remaineth single when an Angle . Furthermore , in the Oblique Sphericodisergeticks , so farre as the sense of the Resolvers could beare it , I did trinifie them with letters convenient for the purpose , according to the severall cases of their Datoquaeres , whose diversity reacheth not above the extent of π. β. φ. and τ. δ. θ. I had almost omitted to tell you , that for the more variety in the last two Figures of the Orthogonosphericals are set downe the two letters of Ch. and Shin , the first a Spanish , and the second an Hebrew letter . Now if to those helps for the memorie which in this Table I have afforded the Reader , both by the Alphabetical order of some Consonants , and homogeneity of others in their affections of sharpnesse , meannesse , obtusity , and duplicity , he joyne that artificiall aid in having every part of th●● Chem●locally in his mind ( of all wayes both for facility in remembring , and stedfastnesse of retention , without doubt , the most expedite ) or otherwise place the representatives of words , according to the method of the Art of memory , in the severall corners of a house ( which , in regard of their paucity are containable within a Parlour or dining roome at most ) he may with ease get them all by heart in lesse then the space of an houre : which is no great expence of time , though bestowed on matters of meaner consequence . The Commentary . THe Axiomes of plain Triangles are foure , viz. Rulerst , Eproso , Grediftal , and Bagrediffus . Rulerst , that is to say , the Subtendent in plain Triangles may be either Radius or Secant , and the Ambients either Radius , Sines , or Tangents ; for it is a maxime in Planangular Triangles , that any side may be put for Radius , grounded on this , that from any point at any distance a Circle may be described : therefore if any of the sides of a plain Triangle be given together with the Angler , each of the other two sides is given by a threefold proportion , that is , whether you put that , or this , or the third side for the Radius ; which difference occasioneth both in plaine and Sphericall Triangles great variety in their calculations . The Branches of this Axiom are Vradesso and Eradetul . Vradesso , that is when the Hypotenusa is Radius , the sides are Sines of their opposit Angles ; so that there be two Arches described with that Hypotenusal identity of distance , whose Centers are in the two extremities of the Subtendent ; for so the case will be made plaine in both the Legs , which otherwise would not appeare but in one . Eradetul , when any of the sides is Radius , the other of them is a Tangent , and the Subtendent a Secant . The reason of this is found in the very definitions of the Sines , Tangents , and Secants , to the which , if the Reader please , he may have recourse ; for I have set them downe amongst my Definitions . Hence it is ( according to Mr. Speidels observation in his book of Sphericals ) that the Sine of any Arch being Radius , that which was the totall Sine becomes the Secant complement of the said Arch , and that the Tangent of any Arch being Radius , what was Radius becomes Tangent complement of that Arch. The Directory of this Axiome is Vphech●t . which sheweth us , that there be three Planorectangular Enodandas belonging thereto , viz. Vphener , Echemun , and Etenar ; as for Pserelema , which is the Loxogonian one pointed at in my Trissotetras , because it is but a partiall Enodandum , I have purposely omitted to mention it in the Directory of Eradetul . The second Axiome is Epros● , that is , the sides are proportionall to one another as the Sines of their opposite Angles ; for seeing about any Triangle a Circle may be circumscribed , in which case each side is a cord or Subtense , the halfe whereof is the Sine of its opposite Angle , and there being alwayes the same reason of the whole to the whole , as of the halfe to the halfe , the sides must needs be proportionall to one another , as the Sines of their opposite Angles , quod probandum erat . The Directory of this second Axiome is Pubkegdaxesh , which declareth that there are seven Enodandas grounded on it , to wit , foure Rectangular , Upalem , Ubeman , Ekarul , Egalem , and three Obliquangular , Danarele , Xemenoro , and Shenerolem . The third Axiom is Grediftal , that is , in all plain Triangles , As the summe of the two sides is to their difference , so is the Tangent of the halfe sum of the opposite Angles to the Tangent of half their difference ; for if a Line be drawne equall to the summe of the two sides , and if on the point of Extension with the distance of the shorter side a Semicircle be described , and that from the extremity of the protracted Line a Diameter be drawne thorough the Circle where it toucheth the top of the Triangle in question , till it occurre with a parallel to the third side , there will arise two Equicrurall Triangles , one whereof having one Angle common with the Triangle proposed , and the three of the one being equall to the three of the other , any one of the equall Angles in the foresaid Isosceles must needs be the one halfe of the two unknowne Angles . This is the first step to the obtaining of what we demand . Then do we find that the third side cutteth the sides of the greatest Triangle according to the Analogie required , which is perceivable enough , if with the distance of the outmost Parallel from the lower end thereof as Center , be described a new Circle ; for then will the Tangents be perspicuous and so much the more for their Rectangularity , the one with the Radius , and the other with its Parallel , which , being touched at an Angle described in a Semicircle , confirmeth the Rectangularity of both . By the Parallels likewise is inferred the equality of the alternate Angles , whose addition and subduction to and from halfe the sum of the two unknown Angles make up both the greater and lesser Angle . Hereby it is evident how the sum of the two sides , &c. which was to be proved . The Directory of this third Axiom is θ. onely ; for it hath no Enodandum but Therelabmo . The fourth Axiom is Bagrediffiu , that is , As the Base or greatest side is to the summe of the other sides , so the difference of the other sides to the difference of the Segments of the Base ; for if upon the Center of the verticall Angle with the distance of the shortest side be described a Circle , it will so cut the two greater sides of the given Triangle , that , finding thereby two Oblongs of the nature of those whose equality is demonstrated in my Apodicticks , we may inferre ( the Oblong made of the summe of the sides , and difference of the sides being equall to the Oblong made of the Base , and the difference of its Segments ) that their sides are reciprocally proportionall ; that is , As the greatest side is to the sum of the other sides : so the difference of the other sides , to the difference of the Segments of the Base , or greater side . The Directory of this Axiom is θ. and its onely Enodandum , ( though but a partiall one ) Pserelema . The Planorectangular Table hath foure Figures . IT is to be observed , that Figure here is not taken Geometrically , but in the sense that it is used in the Logicks , when a Syllogism is said to be in the first , second , or third Figure ; for , as there by the various application of the Medium or mean terme the Figures are constituted diverse : so doth the difference of the Datas in a Triangle distinguish these Trissotetrall Figures from one another , and ( to continue yet further in the Syllogisticall Analogy ) are according to the severall demands ( when the Datas are the same ) subdivided into Moods . The first two vowels give notice of the Data's , and the third of what is demanded , so that Uale ( and euphonetically pronounced Vale ) which is the first Figure , shewes that the Subtendent , and one Angle are given , and that one of the containing sides is required . Vemane is the second Figure , which pointeth out all those problems wherein the Hypotenusa , and one Leg are given , and an Angle , or the other Leg is required . The third Figure is Enave , which comprehendeth all the Problems , wherein one of the Ambients is given with an Oblique Angle , and the Subtendent , or other Ambient required . The fourth and last of the Rectangular Figures is Ereva , which standeth for those Datoquaeres , wherein the including Sides are given , and the Subtendent or an Angle demanded . Now let us come to the Moods of those Figures . THe first Figure Vale hath but one Mood , and therefore of as great extent as it selfe , which is Upalem ; whose nature is to let us know , when a plane right angled Triangle is given us to resolve , whose Subtendent and one of the Obliques is proposed , and one of the Ambients required , that we must have recourse unto its Resolver , which being Rad — U — Sapy ☞ Yr sheweth , that if we joyne the artificiall Sine of the Angle opposite to the side demanded with the Logarithm of the Subtendent , the summe searched in the Canon of absolute numbers will afford us the Logarithm of the side required . The reason hereof is found in the second Axiom , the first Consonant of whose Directory evidenceth that Upalem is Eprosos Enodandum ; for it is , As the totall Sine , to the Hypotenusa : so the Sine of the Angle opposite to the side required , is to the said required side , according to the nature of the foresaid Axiom , whereupon it is grounded . The second Figure Vemane hath two Moods , Ubeman and Uphener ; the first whereof comprehendeth all those questions , wherein the Subtendent and an Ambient being given , an Oblique is required , and by its Resolver V — Rad — Eg ☞ So. thus satisfieth our demand , that if we subtract the Logarithm of the Subtendent from the summe of the Logarithms of the middle termes , we have the Logarithm of the Sine of the opposite Angle we seek for ; for it is , As the Subtendent to the totall Sine , so the containing side given to the Sine of the opposite Angle required . The reason likewise of this Analogy is found in the second Axiom Eproso , upon the which this Mood is grounded , as the second Consonant of its Directory giveth us to understand . The second Mood or Datoquaere of this Figure is Uphener , which sheweth that those questions in plaine Triangles , wherein the Hypotenusa and a Leg being given , the other Leg is demanded , are to be calculated by its Resolver , which ( because the Canon of Logarithms cannot performe it at one operation , there being a necessity to find one of the oblique Angles before the fourth terme can be brought into an Analogie ) alloweth two Subservients for the atchievement thereof , viz. Vbeman , the first Mood of the second Figure , for the finding out of the Angle , and here ( because anterior in the work ) called Praesubservient : then Vpalem , the first Mood of all , for finding out of the Leg inquired , and here called Possubservient , because of its posteriority in the operation : yet were it not for the facility which addition and subtraction only afford us in this manner of calculation , we might doe it with one work alone by the Bucarnon or Pythagorases Diodot , which plainly sheweth us , that by subducing the square of the Leg given , from the square of the Subtēdent , we have for the remainder another square , whose root is the side required . The reason of this is in my Apodicticks : but that of the former Resolver by two operations , is in the first Axiom , as by the first syllable of its Directory is manifest . The third Figure is Enave , which hath two Moods , Ekarul and Egalem . The first comprehendeth all those Problems , wherein one of the including sides , and an Angle being given , the Subtendent is required , and by its Resolver Sapeg — Eg — Rad ☞ Vr , sheweth , that if we subtract the Sine of the Angle opposite to the given side from the summe of the middle termes ( I meane the Logarithms of the one and the other ) which are the totall Sine , and the Leg proposed , we shall have the Hypotenusa required ; for it is , As the Sine of the Angle opposite to the side given , to the foresaid given side : so the totall Sine , to the Subtendent required . The reason of this proportion is grounded on the second Axiom Eproso ; for K. the third Consonant of its Directory , giveth us to understand , that it is one of the Enodandas thereof . The second Mood of Enave is Egalem , which comprehendeth all those Problems , wherein one of the Ambients , and an oblique Angle being given , the other Ambient is required : and by its Resolver Rad — Taxeg — Eg ☞ Yr sheweth , that if we adde the Logarithm of the side given to the Logarithm of the Tangent of the Angle conterminall with that side , and from the summe if we cut off the first digit on the left hand ( which is equivalent to the subtracting of the Radius whether double or single ) The remainder will afford us a Logarithm ( so neare as the irrationality of the termes will admit ) in the Table of equall parts , expressive of the side required ; for it is As the whole Sine to the Tangent of an Angle insident on the given side : so the side proposed , to the side required : The reason hereof is grounded on the second Axiom , for the fourth Consonant of its Directory sheweth , that Egalem is Eprosos enodandum . The fourth Figure is Ereva , whose Moods are Echemun and Etenar . The first , viz. Echemun , comprehendeth all those Problems , wherein the two Ambients being given , the Subtendent is required , and ( not being Logarithmically resolvable in lesse then two operations ) hath for its Prae and Possubservients the Moods of Etenar and Ekarul ; for an Oblique Angle by this Method is to be searched before the Subtendent can be found out , and by reason of these severall work● , this Mood is grounded on the two first Axioms , and is an Enodandum partially depending on Eradetul , and Eproso . Yet , if you will be pleased to be at the paines of extracting the Square root , you may have the Subtendent at one work by a Quadrobiquadraequation as the Bucarnon doth instruct us , whose demonstration you have plainly set downe in the fourteenth of my Apodicticks . The second Mood of this Figure is Etenar , which includeth all those questions wherein the two containing Sides being given , one of the Obliques is required , and by its Resolver E — Ge — Rad ☞ Toge manifesteth , that , if from the Summe of the Radius and Logarithm of the side given , we subtract the Logarithm of the other proposed side , the remainder will afford the Tangent of the Angle opposite to one of the given sides , the Complement of which Angle to a right one is alwayes the measure of the other Angle , by the fifth of my Apodicticks ; for it is , As the one Ambient is to the other Ambient , so the totall Sine to the Tangent of an Angle ; which found out , is either the Angle required , or the Complement thereof to a right Angle . The reason of this Analogie is grounded on the second Branch of the first Axiom , as by the Characteristick of the Directory is perceivable enough to any industrious Reader . Of the Planobliquangular Triangles there be foure Figures : Alaheme , Emenarole , Enerolome , and Erelea , THe first and last of these foure are Monotropall Figures , and have but each one Mood : but the other two have a couple a piece , so that for the Planobliquangulars , all the foure together afford us six Datoquaeres . The Mood of Alaheme is Danarele , which comprehendeth all those Problems , wherein two Angles being given and a Side , another Side is demanded , and by its Resolver Sapeg — Eg — Sapyr ☞ Yr , sheweth , that , if to the summe of the Logarithm of the side given , and of the Sine of the Angle opposite to the side required , we adde the difference of the Secant complement from the Radius , ( by some called the Arithmeticall complement of the Sine , and in Master Speidels Logarithmicall Canon of Sines , Tangents , and Secants with good reason termed the Secant ; for , though it doe not cut any Arch , thereby more Etymologically to deserve the name of Secant , yet worketh it the same effect that the prolonged Radius doth ) the operation will proceed so neatly , that if from these three Logarithms thus summed up , we onely cut off a Digit at the left hand , we will find as much by addition alone performed in this case , as if from the proposed summe the Sine of the Angle had beene abstracted ; for the totall Sine thus unradiused is the Logarithm of the side required . But such as are not acquainted with this compendious manner of calculating , or peradventure are not accommodated with a convenient Canon for the purpose , may , in Gods name , use their owne way , the Resolver being of such amplitude , that it extends it selfe to all sorts of operations , whereby the truth of the fourth Ternary in this Mood may be attaind unto ; for it is Analogised thus , As the Sine of the Angle opposite to the side given is to the same given side ; so the Sine of the Angle opposite to the side required , to the required side . The reason of this proportion is grounded on the second Axiom , the first determinater of whose Directory sheweth , that Danarele is one of Eprosos Enodandas . The second Figure of the Planobliquangulars is Emenarole , whose Moods are Therelabmo and Zelemabne . The first comprehendeth all those Planobliquangular Problems wherein two sides being given with an interjacent Angle , an opposite Angle is demanded , and by its Resolver Aggres — Zes — Talfagros ☞ Talzos , sheweth , that if from the summe of the Logarithm of the difference of the sides , and Tangent of halfe the summe of the opposite Angles , be subduced the aggregat or summe of the Logarithms of the two proposed sides , the remainder thereof will prove the Logarithm of the Tangent of halfe the difference of the opposite Angles ; the which joyned to the one , and abstracted from the other , affords us the measure of the Angle we require ; for the Theoreme is , As the aggregat of the given sides , to the difference of th●se sides : So the Tangent of halfe the summe of the opposite Angles , to the Tangent of halfe the difference of those Angles ; which , without any more adoe , by simple Addition and Subtraction affordeth the Angle we demand . The third Axiom and the Theorem of the Resolver of this Mood being but one and the same thing , I must make bold to remit you to my Apodicticks for the reason of the Analogie thereof , the onely determinater of whose Directory being θ. pointeth out the Mood of Therelabmo for the sole enodandum appropriated thereunto . The second Mood of this Figure is Zelemabue , which involveth all the Planobliquangulary Problemes , wherein two sides being given with the Angle between , the third side is demanded : and not being calculable by the Logarithmicall Canon in lesse then two operations , because it requireth the finding out of another Angle before it can fix upon the side , Therelabmo is allowed it for a Praesubservient , by vertue whereof an opposite Angle is obtained , and Danarele for its Possubservient and finall Resolver , by whose meanes we get the side required . The reason of the first operation is grounded on the third Axiom , and of the second operation on the second : but because this Mood is meerly a partiall Enodandum , neither of the foresaid Axioms affordeth any Directory concerning it , otherwise then in the two Subservients thereof . The third Figure is Eneroloms , whose two Moods are X●monor● and Shenerolem . The first Mood of this Figure includeth all those Planobliquangularie Problems , wherein two sides being given , with an opposite Angle , another opposite Angle is demanded , and by its Resolver E — Sog — Ge ☞ So , sheweth , that if from the aggregat of the Logarithm of one of the given sides , and that of the Sine of the opposite Angle proposed , we subtract the Logarithm of the other given side , the residue will afford us the Logarithm of the Sine of the opposite Angle required ; for it is Analogised thus , As one of the sides , to the Sine of the opposite Angle given : so the other side proposed , to the Sine of the opposite Angle required . The reason of this proportion is from the second Axiom , the sixth characteristick of whose Directory importeth , that Xemenoro is one of Eprosos enodandas . The second Mood of this Figure is Shenerolem , which containeth all those Planobliquangularie Problems , wherein two sides being given with an opposite Angle , the third side is demanded , which not being findable by the Logarithmicall Table upon the foresaid Datas in lesse then two operations ( because an Angle must be obtained first before the side can be had ) Xemenoro Praesubserves it for an Angle , and Danarele becomes its Possubservient for the side required . The reason of both these operations is founded on the second Axiom , the last Characteristick of whose Directory inrolleth Shenerolem for one of Eprosos enodandas . The fourth figure is Erelea , which , being Monotropall , hath no Mood but Pserelema . This Pserelema encompasseth all those Planobliquangulary Problems wherein the three sides being proposed , an Angle is required . This Datoquaere not being resolvable by the Logarithms in lesse then two operations , because the Segments of the Base , or sustaining side must needs be found out , that by demitting of a Perpendicular from the top Angle , we may hit upon the Angle demanded : the Resolver for the Segments is Ba — Gres — Zes ☞ Zius , whereby we learne , that if from the Logarithm of the summe of the sides , joyned to the Logarithm of the difference of the sides , we subtract the Logarithm of the Base , the remainder is the Logarithm of the difference of the Segments , which difference being taken from the whole Base , halfe the difference proves to be the lesser Segment . This Theorem being thus the Praesubservient of this Mood , its Possubservient is Vbeman , whose generall Resolver V — Rad — Eg ☞ Sor , is particularised for this case Uxiug — Rad — Ing ☞ Sor , which sheweth , that if from the summe of the Logarithms of the totall Sine , and of one of the Segments given , we subduce the Logarithm of the Hypotenusa conterminall with the Segment proposed , the remainer will be the Logarithm of the Sine of the opposite Angle required ; for the demitting of the Perpendicular opens a way to have the Theorem to be first in generall propounded thus , As the Subtendent to the totall Sine , so the containing side given to the Sine of the Angle required : or in particular thus , As the Sine of the Cosubtendent adjoyning the Segment given is to the Radius , so is the said Segment proposed to the Sine of the Angle required . Thus farre for the calculating of plaine Triangles , both right and oblique : now follow the Sphericals . THere be three principall Axioms upon which dependeth the resolving of Sphericall Triangles , to wit , Suprosca , Sbaprotca , and Seproso . The first Maxime or Axiom , Suprosca , sheweth , that of severall rectangled Sphericals , which have one and the same acute Angle at the Base , the Sines of the Hypotenusas are proportionall to the Sines of their Perpendiculars ; for , from the same inclination every where of the one plaine to the other , there ariseth an equiangularity in the two rectangles , out of which we may confidently inferre the homologall sides ( which are the Sines of the Subtendents , and of the Perpendiculars of the one , and the other ) to be amongst themselves proportionall . It s Directory is Uphugen , by the which we learn , that Uphanep , Ugemon , and Enarul , are its three enodandas . The second Axiom is Sbaprotca ; whereby we learne , that in all rectangled Sphericals that have one and the same acute Angle at the Base , the Sines of the Bases are proportionall to the Tangents of their Perpendiculars : which Analogie proceedeth from the equiangularity of such rectangled Sphericals , by the semblable inclining of the plaine towards them both . This proportion neverthelesse will never hold betwixt the Sines of the Bases , and the Sines of their Perpendiculars ; because , if the Sines of the Bases were proportionall to the Sines of the Perpendiculars ( the Sines of the Perpendiculars being already demonstrated proportionall to the Sines of the Subtendents ) either the Sine of the Perpendicular , or the Sine of the Base would be the cord of the same Arch , whereof it is a Sine ; which is impossible , by reason that nothing can be both a whole , and a part , in regard of one and the same thing ; and therefore doe we onely say , that the Sines of the Bases , and Tangents of the Perpendiculars , and contrarily , are proportionall . It s Directory is Pubkutethepsaler , which sheweth , that Upalam , Ubamen , Vkelamb , Etalum , Ethaner , epsoner , Alamun , and Erelam , are the eight Enodandas the reupon depending . The third Axiom is , that the Sines of the sides are proportionall to the Sines of their opposite Angles : the truth whereof holds in all Sphericall Triangles whatsoever ; which is proved partly out of the proportion betwixt the Sines of the Perpendiculars substerned under equall Angles , and the Sines of the Hypotenusas : and partly , by the Analogy , that is betwixt the Sines of the Angles sustained by severall Perpendiculars , demitted from one point , and the Sines of the Perpendiculars themselves . The Directory of this Axiom is Vchedezexam , whereby we know that Uchener , Edamon , Ezolum , Exoman , and Amaner , are the five Enodandas thereof . The Orthogonosphericall Table consisteth of these six Figures : Valamenep , Vemanore , Enarulome , Erolumane , Achave , and Esheva . THe first Figure , Valamenep , comprehendeth all those questions , wherein the Subtendent , and an Angle being given , either another Angle , or one of the Ambients is demanded . Of this Figure there be three Moods , viz. Upalam , Ubamen , and Uphanep . The first , to wit Upalam , containeth all those Orthogonosphericall Problems , wherein the Subtendent and one oblique Angle being given , another oblique Angle is required , and by its Resolver Torb — Tag — Nu ☞ Mir , sheweth , that the summe of the Sine complement of the Subtendent side and Tangent of the Angle given , ( the Logarithms of these are alwayes to be understood ) a digit being prescinded from the left , is equall to the Tangent complement of the Angle required ; for the proposition goeth thus , As the Radius , to the Tangent of the Angle given : so the Sine complement of the Subtendent side , to the Tangent complement of the Angle required : and because Tangents , and Tangent complements are reciprocally proportionall , instead of To — Tag — Nu ☞ Mir , or , To — Lu — Mag ☞ Tir , which ( for that the Radius is a meane proportionall betwixt the L. and N. the T. and M ) is all one for inferring of the same fourth proportionall , or foresaid quaesitum ) we may say , Mag — Nu — To ☞ Mir , that is , As the Tangent complement of the given Angle to the Cosine of the Subtendent , so the totall Sine to the Antitangent of the Angle demanded ; for the totall Sine being , as I have told you , a meane proportionall betwixt the Tangents and Cotangents , the subtracting of the Cotangent , or Tangent complement from the summe of the Radius , and Antisine residuats a Logarithm equall to that of the remainder , by abstracting the Radius from the sum of the Cosine of the subtendent , and Tangent of the Angle given , either of which will fall out to be the Antitangent of the required Angle . Notandum . [ Here alwayes is to be observed , that the subtracting of Logarithms may be avoyded , by substituting the Arithmeticall complement thereof , to be added to the Logarithms of the two middle proportionals ( which Arithmeticall complement ( according to Gellibrand ) is nothing else , but the difference between the Logarithm to be subtracted , and another consisting of an unit , or binarie with the addition of cyphers , that is the single , or double Radius ) for so the sum of the three Logarithms , cutting off an unit , or binarie towards the left hand , will still be the Logarithm of the fourth proportionall required . For the greater ease therefore in Trigonometricall computations , such a Logarithmicall Canon is to be wished for , wherein the Radius is left out of all the Secants , and all the Tangents of Major Arches , according to the method prescribed by Mr. Speidel , who is willing to take the paines to make such a new Canon , better then any that ever hitherto hath beene made use of , so that the publike , whom it most concerneth , or some potent man , well minded towards the Mathematicks , would be so generous , as to releeve him of the charge it must needs cost him ; which , considering his great affection to , and ability in those sciences , will certainly be as small a summe , as possibly he can bring it to . ] This Parenthesis , though somewhat with the longest , will not ( I hope ) be displeasing to the studious Reader . The second Mood of the first Figure is Ubamen , which comprehendeth all those Problems , wherein the Subtendent , and one oblique Angle being given , the Ambient adjoyning the Angle given is required , and by its Resolver , Nag — Mu — Torp ☞ Myr , sheweth , that , if to the summe of the Logarithms of the two middle proportionals , we adde the Arithmeticall complement of the first , the cutting off the Index from the Aggregat of the three , will residuat the Tangent complement of the side required : and therefore with the totall Sine in the first place , it may be thus propounded , Torp — Mu — Lag ☞ Myr ; for the first Theorem being , As the Sine complement of the Angle given , to the Tangent complement of the subtendent side : so the totall Sine , to the Tangent complement of the side required : just so the second Theorem , which is that refined , is , As the totall Sine , to the Tangent complement of the Subtendent : so the Secant of the given Angle , to the Tangent complement of the demanded side . Here you must consider , as I have told you already , that of the whole Secant I take but its excesse above the Radius , as I doe of all Tangents above 45. Degrees ; because the cutting off the first digit on the left , supplieth the subtraction , requisite for the finding out of the fourth proportionall ; so that by addition onely the whole operation may be performed , of all wayes the most succinct and ready . Otherwise , because of the totall Sines meane proportionality betwixt the Sine complement , and the Secant ; and betwixt the Tangent , and Tangent complement , it may be regulated thus , To — Tu — Nag ☞ Tyr , that is , As the Radius , to the Tangent of the Subtendent , so the Sine complement of the Angle given , to the Tangent of the side required . The reason of the resolution both of this , and of the former Datoquaere , is grounded on the second Axiom , and the proportion that , in severall rectangled Sphericals which have the same acute Angle at the Base , is found betwixt the Sines of their Perpendiculars , and Tangents of their Bases , as is shewne you by the two first Consonants of the Directory of Sbaprotca . The third and last Mood of the first Figure is Uphaner , which comprehendeth all those Problems , wherein the Hypotenusa , and one of the obliques being given , the opposite Ambient is required , and by its Resolver Tol — Sag — Su ☞ Syr , sheweth , that , if we adde the Logarithms of the Sine of the Angle , and Sine of the Subtendent , cutting off the left Supernumerarie digit from the summe , it gives us the Logarithm of the Sine of the side demanded ; for it is , As the totall Sine , to the Sine of the Angle given : so the Sine of the subtendent side , to the Sine of the side required : and because by the Axiom of Rulerst , it was proved , that when the Sine of any Arch is made Radius , what was then the totall Sine , becomes a Secant ( and therefore Secant complement of that Arch ) instead of Tol — Sag — Su ☞ Syr , we may say , To — Ru — Rag ☞ Ryr , that is , As the totall Sine , is to the Secant complement of the subtendent : so the Secant complement of the Angle given , to the Secant complement of the side demanded . The resolution of this Datoquaere by Sines , is grounded on the first Axiom of Sphericals , which elucidats the proportion betwixt the Sines of the Hypotenusas , and Perpendiculars , as it is declared to us by the first syllable of Suproscas Directory . The second Figure is Vemanore , which containeth all those Orthogonosphericall questions , wherein the subtendent , and an Ambient being proposed , either of the obliques , or the other Ambient is required , and hath three Moods , viz. Ukelamb , Ugemon , and Uchener . The first Mood Ukelamb comprehendeth all those Orthogonosphericall Problems , wherein the subtendent , and one including side being given , the interjacent Angle is demanded , and by its Resolver Meg — Torp — Mu ☞ Nir ( or because of the totall Sines mean proportion betwixt the Tangent , and Tangent complement ) Torp-Teg — Mu ☞ Nir ( which is the same in effect ) sheweth , that if from the summe of the Logarithms of the middle termes , ( which in the first Analogy is the Radius , and Tangent complement of the subtendent ) we subtract the Tangent complement of the given Ambient : or , in the second order of proportionals , joyne the Tangent of the side given , to the Tangent complement of the subtendent , and from the sum cut off the Index ( if need be ) both will tend to the same end , and produce for the fourth proportionall , the Sine complement of the Angle required ; for to subtract a Tangent complement from the Radius , and another number joyned together , whether that Tangent complement be more or lesse then the Radius , it is all one , as if you should subtract the Radius from the said Tangent complement , and that other number ; because the Tangent ( or rather Logarithm of the Tangent ; for so it must be alwayes understood , and not onely in Tangents , but in Sines , Secants , Sides , and Angles , though for brevity sake the word Logarithm be oftentimes omitted ) because I say , the Logarithms of the Tangent , and Tangent complement together , being the double of the Radius ) if first the Tangent complement surpasse the Radius , and be to be subtracted from it , and another number , it is all one , as if from the said number you would abstract the Radius , and the Tangent complements excesse above it , so that the Radius being in both , there will remaine a Tangent with the other number-Likewise , if a Tangent complement , lesse then the Radius , be to be subtracted from the summe of the Radius , and another Logarithm ; it is yet all one , as if you had subtracted the Radius from the same summe ; because , though that Tangent complement be lesse then the Radius : yet , that parcell of the Radius which was abstracted more then enough , is recompensed in the Logarithm of the Tangent to be joyned with the other number ; for , from which soever of the Tangents the Radius be subduced , its Antitangent is remainder : both which cases may be thus illustrated in numbers ; and first , where the Tangent complement is greater then the Radius , as in these numbers 6. 4. 3. 1. and 4. 2. 3. 1. where , let 6. be the Tangent complement , 4. the Radius , 3. the number to be joyned with the Radius , or either of the Tangents , and 1. the remainer ; for 4. and 3. making 7. if you abstract 6. there will remaine 1. Likewise 2. and 3. making 5. if you subtract 4. there will remaine 1. Next , if the Tangent complement be lesse then the Radius , as in 2. 4. 3. 5. and 4. 6. 3. and 5. where , let 2. be the Tangent complement ; for if from 4. and 3. joyned together , you abstract 2. there will remaine 5. which will also be the remainder , when you subtract 4. from 6. and 3. added together . Now to make the same Resolver ( the variety whereof I have beene so large in explaining ) to runne altogether upon Tangents , instead of Meg — To — Mu ☞ Nir , that is , As the Tangent complement of the side given , is to the totall Sine : so the Tangent complement of the subtendent side , to the Sine complement of the Angle required , we may say , Tu — Teg — To ☞ Nir ; that is , As the Tangent for the subtendent , is to the Tangent of the given side ; so the totall Sine , to the Sine complement of the Angle required . All this is grounded on the second Axiom Sbaprotca , and upon the reciprocall proportion of the Tangents and antitangents , as is evident by the third characteristick of its Directory . The second Mood of Vemanore is Vgemon , which comprehendeth all those orthogonosphericall problems , wherein the subtendent , with an Ambient being given , an opposite oblique is required , and by its Resolver , Su-Seg-Tom ☞ Sir , or ( by putting the Radius in the first place , according to Uradesso , the first branch of the first axiom of the Planorectangulars ) To-Seg Ru ☞ Sir , sheweth , that the summe of the side given , and secant of the subtendent ( the Supernumerarie digit being cut off ) is the sine of the Angle required ; for the Theorem is , As the sine of the subtendent , to the sine of the side given : so the Radius , to the sine of the Angle required : or , As the totall sine , to the sine of the side given : so the secant complement of the subtendent , to the sine of the angle required : or , changing the sines into secant complements , and the secant complements into sines , we may say , To — Su — Reg ☞ Rir ; because , betwixt the sine and secant complement , the Radius is a middle proportion . Other varieties of calculation in this , as well as other problems , may be used ; for , besides that every proportion of the Radius to the sine , Tangent , or secant , and contrarily , may be varied three manner of wayes , by the first Axiom of Plaine triangles , the alteration of the middle termes may breed some diversity , by a permutat , or perturbed proportion , which I thought good to admonish the Reader of here , once for all , because there is no problem , whether in Plaine , or Sphericall triangles , wherein the Analogie admitteth not of so much change . The reasons of this Mood of Ugemon , depend on the Axiom of Suprosca , as the second characteristick of Vphugen seemeth to insinuate . The last Mood of the second figure is Vchener , which comprehendeth all those problems , wherein the subtendent , & one Ambient being given , the other Ambient is Required , and by its Resolver , Neg — To — Nu ☞ Nyr , or , To — le-Nu ☞ Nyr , sheweth , that the summe of the sine complement of the subtendent , and the secant of the given side ( which is the Arithmeticall complement of its Antisine ) giveth us the sine complement of the side desired , the Index being removed ; for the theorem is , As the sine complement of the given side , to the total sine ; so the sine complement of the subtendent , to the sine complement of the side required : or more refinedly , As the Radius , to the sine complement of the subtendent : so the secant of the Leg given , to the sine complement of the side required : and besides other varieties of Analogie , according to the Axiom of Rulerst , by making use of the reciprocall proportion of the sine-complements with the secants we may say , To-Ne Lu - ☞ Lyr , that is , As the totall sine , is to the sine complement of the given side : so the secant of the subtendent , to the secant of the side required . The reason of this Datoqueres Resolution is in Seproso the third Axiom of the Sphericals , as is manifest by the first figurative of its Directorie Uchedezexam . The third figure is Enarrulome , whose three Moods are Etalum , Edamon , and Ethaner . This figure comprehendeth all those orthogonosphericall questions , wherein one of the Ambients with an Adjacent angle is given , and the subtendent , an opposite angle , or the other containing side is required . Its first Mood Etalum , involveth all those Orthogono sphericall problems , wherein a containing side , with an insident angle thereon is proposed , and the hypotenusa demanded : and by its resolver Torp-me-nag ☞ mur or ( by inverting the demand upon the Scheme ) Tolp. — me — nag ☞ mur sheweth , that the cutting of the first left digit , from the summe of the Tangent complement of the Ambient proposed , and the sine complement of the given angle , affords us the Tangent complement of the subtendent required ; for the theorem goes thus , As the totall sine , to the tangent complement of the given side ; so the sine complement of the angle given , to the tangent complement of the hypotenusa required . And because the totall sine , hath the same proportion to the tangent complement , which the sine , hath to the sine complement , we may as well say , To-meg-Sa ☞ nur , that is , As the Radius to the tangent complement of the Ambient side ; so the sine of the angle given , to the sine complement of the subtendent required . The progresse of this Mood , dependeth on the Axiom of Sbaprotca , as you may perceive by the fourth consonant of its directorie Pubkutethepsaler . The second Mood of the third Figure , is Edamon , which comprehendeth all those Orthogonosphericall Problems , wherein an Ambient and an Adjacent angle being given , the opposite oblique ( viz. the angle under which the Ambient is subtended ) is required , and by its Resolver To-Neg-Sa ☞ Nir , sheweth that the Addition of the Cosine of the Ambient , and of the sine of the Angle proposed , affordeth us ( if we omit not the usuall presection ) the Cosine of the Angle we seek for ; for it is , As the Radius to the Cosine , or sine complement of the given side : so the sine of the Angle proposed to the Antisins or sine complement of the Angle demanded : now the Radius being alwayes a meane proportionall betwixt the Sine complement , and the Secant , we may for To — Neg — Sa ☞ Nir , say , To — Leg — Ra ☞ Lir , or To — Rag — Le ☞ Lir : that is , As the totall Sine to the Secant , or cutter of the side given , or to the Cosecant , or Secant complement of the given Angle ; so is the Secant complement of the Angle , or Secant of the side , to the Secant , or cutter of the Angle required . The reason of all this is grounded on Seproso , because it runneth upon the proportion betwixt the Sines of the sides , and the Sines of their opposite Angles , as is perspicuous to any by the second syllable of the Directory of that Axiome . The last Mood of the third Figure is Ethaner , which comprehendeth all those Orthogonosphericall Problems , wherein an Ambient with an Oblique annexed thereto , is given , and the other Arch about the right Angle is required , and by its Resolver , Torb — Tag — Se ☞ Tyr , sheweth , that if we joyne the Logarithms of the two middle proportionals , which are the Tangent of the given Angle , and the Sine of the side , the usuall prefection being observed , we shall thereby have the Tangent , or toucher of the Ambient side desired ; for it is , As the Radius to the Tangent of the Angle given , so the Sine of the containing side proposed to the side required : And because the Tangent complement , and Tangent are reciprocally proportionall , the Sine likewise , and Secant complement , for To — Tag — Se ☞ Tyr , we may say , keeping the same proportion , To — Reg — Ma ☞ Myrs that is , As the Radius , to the Secant complement of the given side : so the Tangent complement of the Angle proposed , to the Tangent complement of the side required . The truth of all these operations dependeth on Sbaprotca , the second Axiome of the Sphericals , as is evidenced by θ. the fifth characteristick of its Directory Pubkutethepsaler . The fourth Figure is Erollumane , which includeth all Orthogonosphericall questions , wherein an Ambient , and an opposite oblique being given , the subtendent , the other oblique , or the other Ambient is demanded : It hath likewise , conforme to the three former Figures , three Moods belonging to it ; the first whereof is Ezolum . This Ezolum comprehendeth all those Orthogonosphericall , Problems , wherein one of the Legs , with an opposite Angle being given , the Subtendent is required , and by its Resolver , Sag — Sep — Rad ☞ Sur , or by putting the Radius in the first place , To — Se-Rag ☞ Sur , sheweth , that the abstracting of the Radius from the sum of the Sine of the side , and Secant complement of the Angle given , residuats the Sine of the hypotenusa required ; for it is , As the Sine of the Angle given , to the Sine of the opposite side : so the Radius to the Sine of the subtendent : or more refinedly , As the totall Sine , to the Sine of the side : so the Secant complement of the Angle given , to the Sine of the subtendent side : And because of the Sines and Antisecants , or Secant complements reciprocall proportionality , To — Sag — Re ☞ Ru , that is , As the Radius to the Sine of the Angle given : so the Secant complement of the proposed side , to the Secant complement of the subtendent required . The reason of all this is grounded on the third Axiom Seproso , as is made manifest by the third Syllable of its Directory . The second Mood of this Figure is Exoman , which comprehendeth all those Problems , wherein a containing side , and an opposite oblique being given , the adjacent oblique is required : and by its Resolver , Ne — To — Nag ☞ Sir , or more refinedly , To — Le — Nag ☞ Sir , sheweth , that the summe of the Sine of the Angle , together with the Arithmeticall complement of the Antisine of the Leg , ( which in the Table I have so much recommended unto the Reader , is set downe for a Secant ) the usuall prefection being observed , affordeth us the Sine of the Angle required , and because of the reciprocall proportion betwixt the Sine complement , and Secant ; and betwixt the Sine , and Secant complement , the Theorem may be composed thus : To — Neg — La ☞ Rir , that is , As the Radius , to the Sine complement of the given side : so the Secant of the Angle proposed , to the Secant complement of the Angle demanded . The reason of this is likewise grounded on Seproso , as you may perceive by the fourth characteristick of its Directory . The last Mood of this Figure is Epsoner , which containeth all those Orthogonosphericall Problems , wherein an Ambient and an opposite Oblique being given , the other Ambient is demanded , and by its Resolver , Tag — Tolb — Te ☞ Syr , or more elabouredly , Tolb — Mag — Te ☞ Syr , sheweth , that the praescinding of the Radius from the summe of the Tangent of the side , and Antitangent of the given Angle , residuats the Sine of the side required ; for it is , As the Tangent of the Angle proposed , to the totall Sine : so the Tangent of the given side , to the Sine of the side demanded : or , As the Radius , to the Tangent complement of the Angle given : so the Tangent of the given side , to the Sine of the side required : and because of the reciprocall Analogy betwixt the Tangents , and Co-tangents : and betwixt the Sines , and Co-secants , we may with the same confidence , as formerly , set it thus in the rule , To — Meg — Ta ☞ Ryr , and it will find out the same quaesitum . The reason of the operations of this Mood because of the ingrediencie of Tangents dependeth on Sbaprotca , as is perceivable by the sixth determinater of its Directory Pubkutethepsaler . The fifth Figure of the Orthogonosphericals is Achave , which containeth all those Problems , wherein the Angles being given , the subtendent or an Ambient is desired , and hath two Moods Alamun , and Amaner . Alamun comprehendeth all those Problems , wherein the Angles being proposed , the Hypotenusa is required , and by its Resolver Tag — Torb — Ma ☞ Nur , or more compendiously , Torb — Mag — Ma ☞ Nur , sheweth , that the summe of the Co-tangents , not exceeding the places of the Radius , is the Sine complement of the subtendent required ; for it is , As the Tangent of one of the Angles , to the Radius : so the Tangent complement of the other Angle , to the Sine complement of the Hypotenusa demanded : or , As the totall Sine , to the Tangent complement of one of the Angles : so the Tangent complement of the other Angle , to the Sine complement of the subtendent we seek for . The running of this Mood upon Tangents , notifieth its dependance on Sbaprotca , as is evident by the seventh determinater of the Directory thereof . The second Mood of this Figure is Amaner , which comprehendeth all those Orthogonosphericall Problems , wherein the Angles being given , an Ambient is demanded , and by its Resolver , Say — Nag — Tω ☞ Nyr , or more perspicuously , Tω — Noy — Ray ☞ Nyr , sheweth , that the summe of the Logarithms of the Antisine of the Angle opposite to the side required , and the Arithmeticall complement of the Sine of the Angle , adjoyning the said side , which we call its Secant complement , with the usuall presection , is equall to the Sine complement of the same side demanded ; for it is , As the Sine of the Angle adjoyning the side required , to the Antisine of the other Angle : so the totall sine , to the Antisine of the side demanded : or , As the Radius , to the Antisine of the Angle opposite to the demanded side : so the Antisecant of the Angle conterminat with that side , to the Antisine of the side required : and because of the Analogy betwixt the Antisines , and Secants : and likewise betwixt the Antisecants , and Sines , we may expresse it , To — Say — La ☞ Lyr ; that is , As the Radius , to the Sine of the Angle insident on the required side : so the Secant of the other given Angle , to the Secant of the side that is demanded . Here the Angulary intermixture of proportions giveth us to understand , that this Mood dependeth on Seproso , as is manifested by the last characteristick of Uchedezexam the Directory of this Axiom . The sixth and last Figure is Escheva , which comprehendeth all those Problems , wherein the two containing sides being given , either the subtendent , or an Angle is demanded : it hath two Moods , Enerul and Erelam . The first Mood thereof Enerul , containeth all such Problems as having the Ambients given , require the subtendent , and by its Resolver , Ton — Neg — Ne ☞ Nur , sheweth , that the summe of the Logarithms of the Cosines of the two Legs unradiated , is the Logarithm of the Co-sine of the subtendent ; for it is , As the totall Sine , to the Co-sine of one of the Ambients : so the Co-sine of the other including Leg given , to the Co-sine of the required subtendent ; and because of the Co-sinal , and Secantine proportion , we may safely say , To — Leg — Le ☞ Lur. That is , As the Radius to the Secant of one shanke or Leg : so the secant of the other shanke or Leg , to the secant of the Hypotenusa demanded . The coursing thus upon Sines , and their proportionals evidenceth that this Mood dependeth on Suprosca , the first of the Sphericall Axioms , which is pointed at by the third and last characteristick of Vphugen the directorie thereof . The second Mood of the last figure , and consequently the last Mood of al the Orthogonosphericals , is Erelam , which comprehendeth all those orthogonosphericall problems , wherin the two containing sides being proposed , an Angle is demanded , and by its Resolver , Sei — Teg — Torb ☞ Tir , or by primifying the Radius , Torb — Tepi-Rexi ☞ Tir , giveth us to understand , that the cutting off the Radius from the summe of the Tangent of the side opposite to the Angle demanded , and the cosecant of the side conterminat with the said Angle , residuats the touch-line of the Angle in question ; for it is , As the sine of the side adjoyning the Angle required , to the tangent of the other given side : so the Radius to the tangent of the Angle demanded : or , As the totall sine to the Tangent of the Ambient opposite to the angle sought : so the Antisecant of the Leg adjacent to the said asked Angle , to the Tangent or toucher thereof : and because Sines have the same proportion to cosecants , which Tangents have to Cotangents , we may say , To — Sei — me ☞ mir , that is , As the Radius to the sine of the side conterminat with the angle required : so the Cotangent of the other Leg , to the Cotangent of the Angle searched after : or yet more profoundly by an Alternat proportion , changing the relation of the fourth proportionall , although the same formerly required Angle , thus , To — Rei — me ☞ mor , that is , As the Radius to the Antisecant of the side adjacent to the Angle sought for , so the Antitangent of the other side , to the Antitangent of that sides opposit Angle , which is the Angle demanded . The reason hereof is grounded on Sbaprotca ; for the Tangentine proportion of the terms of this Mood specifieth its dependance on the second Axiom , which is showen unto us by the eight and last characteristick of its directorie Pubkutethepsaler . Here endeth the doctrine of the right-Angled sphericalls , the whole diatyposis wherof is in the Equisolea or hippocrepidian diagram , whose most intricate amfractuosities , renvoys , various mixture of analogies , and perturbat situation of proportionall termes , cannot choose but be pervious to the understanding of any judicious Reader that hath perused this Comment aright . And therefore let him give me leave ( if he think fit ) for his memorie sake , to remit him to it , before he proceed any further . The Loxogonosphericall Triangles , whether Amblygonosphericall or Oxygonosphericall , are either Monurgetick or Disergetick . THe Monurgetick have two figures , Datamista and Datapura . Datamista is of all those Loxogonospherical Monurgetick problems , wherein the Angles and sides being intermixedly given , ( and therefore one of them being alwaies of another kind from the other two ) either an Angle , or a side is demanded : it hath two Moods , Lamaneprep , and Menerolo . The first Mood Lamaneprep , comprehendeth all those Loxogonosphericall problems , wherein two angles being given , and an opposit side , another opposit side is demanded , and by its Resolver , Sapeg — Se — Sapy — ☞ Syr , sheweth , that if to the Logarithms of the sine of the side given , and sine of the Angle opposit , to the side required , we joyne the Arithmeticall complement of the sine of the Angle opposit , to the proposed side ( which is the refined Antisecant ) we will thereby attain to the knowledge of the sine of the side demanded . The reason of this is grounded on the third Axiom , Seprosa , as you may perceive by the first syllable of the Obliquangularie directory , Lame . The second Mood of this figure is Menerolo , wich comprehendeth all those Amblygonosphericall problems , wherein two sides being given with an opposit angle , another opposit angle is demanded , and by its Resolver Sepag — Sa — Sepi ☞ Sir , sheweth , that if to the summe of the Logarithms of the sine of the given angle , and sine of the side opposit to the angle required , we joyne the Arithmeticall complement of the sine of the side opposit to the given angle ( which is the refined Cosecant of the said angle ) it will afford us the sine of the angle required . The reason of this operation is grounded on the third Axiom of Sphericalls , a progresse in sines shewing clearely , how that both this , and the former , doe totally depend on the Axiom of Seprosa , as is evident by the second syllable of its directorie , Lame . The second figure of the Monurgetick Loxogonosphericalls treateth of all those questions , wherein the Datas being either sides alone , or Angles alone , an Angle or a side is demanded . This Figure of Datapura is divided into two Moods , viz. Nerelema , and Ralamane , which are of such affinity , that upon one and the same Theorem dependeth the Analogy that resolveth both . The first Mood thereof , Nerelema , comprehendeth all those Problems , wherein the three sides being given , an Angle is demanded , and is the third of the Monurgeticks , as by its Characteristick the third Liquid is perceivable . The curteous Reader may be pleased to take notice , that in both the Moods of the Datapurall Figure , I am in some measure necessitated for the better order sake , to couch two precepts , or documents , for the Faciendas thereof , and to premise that one concerning the three Legs given , before I make any mention of the maine Resolver , whereupon both the foresaid Moods are founded , to which Resolver , because of both their dependences on it , I have allowed here in the Glosse , the same middle place , which it possesseth in the Table of my Trissotetras . The precept of Nerelema is Halbasalzes * Ad* Ab* Sadsabreregalsbis Ir : that is to say , for the finding out of an Angle when the three Legs are given , as soone as we have constituted the sustentative Leg of that Angle a Base , the halfe thereof must be taken , and to that halfe we must adde halfe the difference of the other two Legs , and likewise from that halfe subtract the half difference of the foresaid two Legs , then the summe and the residue being two Arches , we must , to the Logarithms of the Sine of the summe , and Sine of the Remainer , joyne the Logarithms of the Arithmeticall complements of the Sines of the sides , which are the refined Antisecants of the said Legs , and halfe that summe will afford , us the Logarithm of the Sine of an Arch , which doubled , is the verticall Angle , we demand ; for out of its Resolver , Parses — Powto — Parsadsab ☞ Powsalvertir , is the Analogy of the former work made cleare , the Theorem being , As the Oblong or Parallelogram contained under the Sines of the Legs , to the square , power or quadrat of the totall Sine : so the Rectangle , or Oblong made of the right Sines of the sum , and difference of the halfe Base , and difference of the Legs , to the square of the right Sine of halfe the verticall Angle . The reason hereof will be manifest enough to the industrious Reader , if when by a peculiar Diagram , of whose equiangular Triangles the foresaid Sines and differences are made the constitutive sides , he hath evinced their Analogy to one another , he be then pleased to perpend , how , in two rowes of proportionall numbers , the products arising of the homologall roots , are in the same proportion amongst themselves , that the said roots towards one another are ; wherewithall if he doe consider , how the halfs must needs keep the same proportion that their wholes ; and then , in the work it selfe of collationing severall orders of proportionall termes , both single and compound , be carefull to dash out a divider against a multiplyer , and afterwards proceed in all the rest , according to the ordinary rules of Aequation , and Analogy , he cannot choose but extricat himselfe with ease forth of all the windings of this elaboured proposition . Upon this Theorem ( as I have told you ) dependeth likewise the Document for the faciendum of Ralamane , which is the second Mood of Datapura , and the last of the Monurgetick Loxogonosphericals , as is pointed at by Nera the Directory therof . This Mood Ralamane comprehendeth all those Loxogonosphericall Problems , wherein the three Angles being given , a side is demanded . And by its Resolver , Parses — Powto — Parsadsab ☞ Powsalvertir , according to the peculiar precept of this Mood Kourbfasines ( Ereled ) Koufbraxypopyx , sheweth , that if we take the complement to a semicircle of the Angle opposite to the side required , which for distinction sake we doe here call the Base ; and frame , of the foresaid complement to a semicircle , a second Base for the fabrick of a new Triangle , whose other two sides have the graduall measure of the former Triangles other two Angles : ( and so the three Angles being converted into sides ) the complement to a Semicircle of the new Verticall , or Angle opposite to the new Base , will be the measure of the true Base or Leg required , and the Angle insident on the right end of the new Base in the second Triangle , falleth to be the side conterminall with the left end of the true Base in the first Triangle , and the Angle adjoyning the left end of the false Base in the second Triangle , becomes the side adjacent to the right end of the old Base in the first Triangle . So that thus by the Angles all andeach of the sides are found out , all which works are to be performed by the preceding Mood , upon the Theorem , whereof the reason of all these operations doth depend . The Disergetick Loxogonosphericals are grounded on foure Axioms , viz. 1. NAbadprosver . 2. Naverprortes , Siubprortab , and Niubprodnesver : the foure Directories whereof , each in order to its owne Axiome , are Alama , Allera , Ammena , and Ennerra . The first Axiome is , Nabadprosver , that is , In Obliquangular Sphericals , if a Perpendicular be demitted from the verticall Angle to the opposite side , continued if need be , The Sines complements of the Angles at the Base , will be directly proportionall to the Sines of the verticall Angles , and contrary : the reason hereof is inferred out of the proportion , which the Sines of Angles , substerned by Perpendiculars , have to the Sines of the said perpendiculars , so that they belong to the Arches of great Circles , concurring in the same point , and that from some point of the one , they be let fall on the other Arches ▪ which proportion of the Sines of the said Perpendiculars , to the Sines of the Angles subtended by them , stoweth immediatly from the proportion , which ( in severall Orthogonosphericals , having the same acute Angle at the Base ) is betwixt the Sines of the Hypotenusas , and the Sines of the perpendiculars ; the demonstration whereof is plainly set downe in my Glosse on Suprosca , the first generall Axiome of the Sphericals , of which this Axiome of Nabadprosver is a consectary . The Directory of this Axiome is Alama , which sheweth , that the Moods of Alamebna and Amanepra are grounded on it . The second Disergetick Axiome is Naverprortes , that is to say , the Sines complements of the verticall Angles , in obliquangular Triangles ( a Perpendicular being let fall from the double verticall on the opposite side ) are reciprocally proportionall to the Tangents of the sides : the reason hereof proceedeth from Sbaprotca , the second generall Axiome of the Sphericals ; according to which , if we doe but regulate , after the customary Analogicall manner , two quaternaries of proportionals of the former Sines complements , and Tangents proposed , we will find by the extremes alone ( excluding all the intermediate termes ) that the Sines complements of the verticall Angles ( both forwardly , and inversedly ) are reciprocally proportioned to the Tangents of the sides , and contrariwise from the Tangents , to the Sines . The Directory of this Axiome is Allera , which evidenceth , that the Moods of Allamebne , and Erelomab depend upon it . The third Disergetick Axiome is Sinbprortab , that is to say , that in Obliquangular Sphericals ( if a perpendicular be drawne from the verticall Angle unto the opposite side , continued if need be ) the Sines of the segments of the Base , are reciprocally proportionall to the Tangents of the Angles conterminate at the Base , and contrary : the proofe of this , as well as that of the former confectary dependeth on Sbaprotca , the second generall Axiome of the Sphericals , according to which , if we so Diagrammatise an Ambly gonosphericall Triangle , by Quadranting the Perpendicular , and all the sides , and describing from the Basangulary points two Quadrantall Arches , till we hit upon two rowes of proportionall Sines of Bases to Tangents of Perpendiculars , then shall we be sure ( if we exclude the intermediate termes ) to fall upon a reciprocall Analogy of Sines , and Tangents , which alternatly changed , will afford the reciprocall proportion of the Sines of the Segments of the Base , to the Tangents of the Angles conterminat thereat , the thing required . The Directory of this Axiome is Ammena , which certifieth that Ammanepreb and Enerablo are founded thereon . The fourth and last Disergetick Axiome is Niubprodnesver , that is to say , that in all Loxogonosphericals ( where the Cathetus is regularly demitted ) the Sines complements of the Segments of the Base , are directly proportionall to the Sines complements of the sides of the verticall Angles , and contrary . The reason hereof is made manifest , by the proportion that is betwixt the Sines of Angles , subtended by Perpendiculars and the Sines of these Perpendiculars ; out of which we collation severall proportions , till , both forwardly and inversedly we pitch at last upon the direct proportion required . The Directory of this Axiome is Ennerra , which declareth that Ennerable , and Errelome are its dependents . Of the Disergetick Loxogonosphericals there be in all foure Figures ; two Angulary , and two Laterall . THe two Angulary are Ahalebmane and Ahamepnare : The two laterall are Ehenabrole and Eheromabne . The first Angulary Disergetick Loxogonosphericall Figure , Ahalebmane , comprehendeth all those Problems , wherein two Angles being given with a side betweene , either the third Angle , or an opposite side is demanded ; and accordingly hath two Moods , the first whereof is Alamebna , and the second Allamebne . Alamebna concerneth all those Loxogonosphericall Disergetick Problems , wherein two Angles being proposed , with an interjacent side , the third Angle is required ; which Angle , according to the severall Cases of this Mood , is alwayes one of the Angles at the Base , that is to say ( in the termes of my Trissotetr as ) a prime , or next opposite , or at least one of the co-opposites , to the Perpendicular to be demitted . And therefore , conforme to the nature of the Case of the Datoquaere in hand , and that it may the more conveniently fall within the compasse of the Axiome of Nabadprosver , an Angle by the first operation of this Disergetick is to be found out , which must either be a double verticall , a verticall in the little rectangle , or a verticall , or co-verticall ( as sometimes I call it ) in one of the correctangles . Thus much I have thought fit to premise of the praenoscendum of this Mood , before I come to its Cathetothesis ; because , in my Trissotetrall Table , to avoid the confusion of homogeneall termes ( though the order of doctrine would seeme to require another Method ) the first and prime Orthogonosphericall work is totally unfolded , before I speak any thing of the variety of the Perpendiculars demission , to which , owing its rectangularity , it thereby obtaineth an infallible progresse to the quaesitum : but , seeing in the Glosse I am not to astrict my self to so little bounds , as in my Table , I will observe the order that is most expedient ; and , before the resolution of any operation in this Mood , deduce the diversity of the Perpendiculars prosiliencie in the severall Cases thereof . Let the Reader then be pleased to consider , that the generall Maxim for the Cathetothesis of this Mood is Cafregpiq , the meaning whereof is , that , whether the side whereon the Perpendicular is demitted be increased or not , that is to say , whether the Perpendicular fall outwardly , or inwardly , it must fall from the extremity of the given side , and opposite to the Angle required : however it is to be remarked , that in this Mood , whatever be the affection of the Angles ( unlesse they be all three alike ) the Perpendicular may fall out wardly . The generall maxim for the Cathetothesis of this Mood , as well as for that of all the rest , is divided into foure Tenets , according to the number of the Cases of every Mood . Here must I admonish the Reader , that he startle not at the mentioning of foure especiall Cathetothetick Tenets , and foure severall Cases belonging to each Disergetick Mood , seeing , to the most observant eye , there be but three of either perceptible in my Trissotetr as ; for , the fourth both Tenet and Case being the same by way of expression in all the Moods , and being fully resolved by the third Case of every Mood , it shall suffice to speak thereof here once for all : The Tenet of this common Case is Simomatin , that is to say , when all the three Angles in any of those Disergeticks are of the same affection , either all acute , or all oblique , the Perpendicular falleth inwardly , whether the double verticall be an Angle given , an Angle demanded , or neither . Yet here it is to be considered , that seeing Triangles may be either calculated by their reall and naturall , or by their circular parts , or by both together , and that for the more facility we oftentimes , instead of the proposed Triangle , resolve its opposite ; it is not the reall and given Triangle , that in this case we so much take notice of , as of its resolvable , and equivalent , the opposite Triangle : as for example , If a Sphericall Triangle , with two obtuse Angles , and one acute , be given you to resolve , it will fall within the compasse of Simomatin ; because its opposite Sphericall is simply acute angled : and also if you be desired to calculate a Sphericall Triangle with two acute Angles , and one obtuse , it will likewise fall within the reach of the same Case ; because its opposite Sphericall is simply obtusangled . The reason of both the premisses is from the equality of the opposite Angles of concurring Quadrants , which that they are equall , no man needs to doubt , that will take the paines to let fall a Perpendicular from the middle of the one Quadrant upon the other ; for so there will be two Triangles made equilaterall : and seeing it is an universally received truth , that equall sides sustaine equall Angles , the identitie of the Perpendicular in both the foresaid Triangles , must needs manifest the equality of the two opposite Angles . I have beene the ampler in the elucidating of this Case , that , it over-running all the Moods of the Disergetick Loxogonosphericals , the Reader , in what Mood or Datoquare soever he please to resolve this foresaid Case , may for that purpose to this place have recourse ; to the which , without any further intended reiteration of this Tenet , I doe heartily remit him . The first especiall Tenet of the generall Maxim of the Cathetothesis of this Mood is Dasimforaug , that is , When the given Angles are of the same nature , but different from the required , the Perpendicular falleth outwardly , and the first verticall is a given Angle : the second Tenet belonging to the second Case of this Mood is Dadisforeug , that is , When the proposed Angles are of different affections , the Perpendicular is externally demitted , and one of the given Angles is a second verticall : Yet this discrepance is to be observed betweene the externall prosiliencie of the Perpendicular Arch in this Case , and that other of the former ; that in the former , it is no matter from which of the ends of the proposed side , the Perpendicular be let fall upon one of the comprehending Legs of the Angle required , which Leg must be increased ; for it is a generall Notandum , that the sustentative Leg of a perpendiculars exterior demission must alwayes be continued : but in this Case , the outward falling of the Perpendicular is onely from one extremity of the given side ; for , if it be demitted likewise from the other end , it falleth then inwardly , and so produceth the third Tenet of this Mood , which is Dadisgatin , that is , If the given Angles be of a different quality , and that the Perpendicular be internally demitted , the double verticall is one of the proposed Angles . The nature of the Perpendiculars demission in all the Cases of this Mood being thus to the full explained , we may without impediment proceed to the performance of all the Orthogonosphericall operations , each in its owne order thereto belonging . To begin therefore at the first , whose quasitum ( as I have told you already ) is a verticall Angle , we must know , seeing the work is Orthogonospherically to be performed , that the forementioned praenoscendum cannot be obtained without the help of one of the sixteen Datoquaeres ; and therefore in my Trissotetras ( considering the nature of what is given , and asked in the Cases of this Mood ) I have appointed Upalam to be the subservient of its praenoscendum ; for , by the Resolver thereof , To — Tag — Nu ☞ Mir , ( the subtendent and an Angle being given ; for one of the given sides of every Loxogonosphericall , if the Perpendicular be rightly demitted , becomes a subtendent , and sometimes two given sides are subtendents both ) we frame these three peculiar Problems , for the three praenoscendas ; to wit , Utopat , for the double verticall , by the meanes of the great Subtendent side , and the prime opposite Angle : secondly , Udobaud , for obtaining of the first verticall in the little rectangle , by vertue of the lesser subtendent in the same rectangle , and the next opposite Angle : lastly , Uthophauth , for the first Co-verticall , by meanes of the first Co-subtendent , and first coopposite Angle : all which is at large set downe in the first partition of Alamebna in my Table . The first and chiefe operation being thus perfected , the verticall Angles so found out must concurre with each its correspondent opposite for the obtaining of the Perpendicular , necessary for the accomplishment of the second operation in every one of the Cases of the foresaid Mood ; to which effect Amaner is made the Subservient , by whose Resolver Say — Nag — Tw ☞ Nyr , these three Datoquaeres , Opatca , Obautca , and Ophauthca come to light , and is manifestly shown how , by any paire of three severall couples of different Angles , the Perpendicular is acquirable . Now , though of this work ( as it is a single one ) no more then of the other succeeding it in the same Mood , nor of the last two in any of the Disergeticks in their full Analogy , I doe not make any mention at all in my Table ; but , after the couching of the first operation for the Praenoscendas , supply the roomes of the other two , with an equivalent row of proportionals out of them specified , for attaining to the knowledge of the maine quaesitum : yet in this Comment upon that Table , for the more perspicuities sake , and that the Reader may as well know , what way the rule is made , as how thereby a demand is to be found out , I have thought fit to expatiat my selfe for his satisfaction on each operation apart , and Analytically to display in the glosse , what is compounded in the Trissotetras . And therefore , according to that prescribed method , to proceed in this Mood , the perpendicular by the second operation being already obtained , it is requisite for the promoving of a third work , that the said Perpendicular be made to joyne with the second verticaline , the double verticall , and second co-verticall conforme to the quality of the three Cases , thereby to obtaine the Angles at the Base , for the which all these operations have beene set on foot ; to wit , the next cathetopposite , ( whose complement to a Semicircle is alwayes the Angle required ) the prime cathetopposite , and the second Cocathetopposite : for the prosecuting of this last work , Edoman is the subservient , by whose Resolver , To — Neg — Sa ☞ Nir , we are instructed how to regulate the Problemets of Catheudob , Cathatop , and Catheuthops . Now these two last operations being thus made patent in their severall structures , it is not amisse that we ponder how appositely they may be conflated into one , to the end , that the verity of all the finall Resolvers of the Disergeticks in my Trissotetras ( which are all and each of them composed of the ingredient termes of two different works ) may be the more evidently knowne , and obvious to the reach of any ordinary capacity , for the performance hereof , the Resolvers of these two operations are to be laid before us , Say — Nag — Ta ☞ Nyr , and To — Neg — Sa ☞ Nir : and , seeing out of both these orders of proportionals , there must result but one , it is to be considered , which be the foure ejectitious termes , and which those foure we should reserve for the Analogy required ; all which , that it may be the better understood by the industrious Reader , I will interpret the Resolvers so farre forth as is requisite : and therefore Say — Nag — To ☞ Nyr , being , As the Sine of one of the Angles at the Base , or Cathetopposite , is to the Sine complement of a verticall : so the Radius to the Sine complement of the Perpendicular : And the other , To — Neg — Sa ☞ Nir , being , As the Radius , to the Sine complement of the Perpendicular : so the Sine of a verticall , to the Sine complement of a Cathetopposite or Angle at the Base ; it is perceivable enough how both the Radius , and the Perpendicular are in both the rows : nor can it well escape the knowledge of one never so little versed in the elements of Arithmetick , that the Perpendiculars being the fourth terme in the first order of proportionals , is nothing else but that it is the quotient of the product of the middle termes , divided by the first , or Logarithmically the remainder of the first termes abstraction from the summe of the middle two ; so that the whole power thereof is inclosed in these three termes , whereby it is most evident , that with what terme soever the foresaid Perpendicular be employed to concurre in operation , the same effect will be produced by the concurrence of its ingredients with the said terme , and therefore in the second row of proportionals , where it is made use of for a fellow multiplyer with the third terme to produce a factus , which divided may quote the maine quaesitum , or Logarithmically to joyne with the third terme , for the summing of an Aggregat from which the first terme being abstracted , may residuat the terme demanded , it is all one , whether the work be performed by it selfe , or by its equivalent , viz. the three first termes of the first order of proportionals , in whose potentia it is : whereupon the fourth terme in the second row being that , for the obtaining whereof , both the Analogies are made , we need not waste any labour about the finding out of the Perpendicular ( though a subservient to the chiefe quaesitum ) but leaving roome for it in both the rows , that the equipollencie of its conflaters may the better appeare , go on in work without it , and , by the meanes of its constructive parts , with as much certainty effectuat the same designe . Thus may you see then how the eight termes of the forementioned Resolvers , are reduced unto six ; but there remaining yet two more to be ejected , that both the orders may be brought unto a compound row of foure proportionals : let us consider the Radius , which , being in both the rows as I have once told you already , may peradventure , without any prejudice to the work , be spared out of both . Thus much thereof to any is perceiveable , that in the first Resolver , it is the third proportionall ; and in the second , the first , and consequently a multiplyer in the one , and in the other a divider : or Logarithmically in the second a subtractor , and in the first an adder : now it being well known that division overthrows the structure of multiplication , and that what is made up by addition , is by subtraction cast down ; we need not undergoe the laboriousnesse of such a Penelopaean task , and by the division and abstraction of what we did adde and multiply , weave and unweave , build up , and throw downe the self same thing : but choose rather ( seeing the Radius undoeth in the one , what it doth in the other ( which ineffect is to doe nothing at all ) to dash the one against the other , and race it out of both ) then idely to expend time , and have the proportion pestred with unnecessarie termes . Thus from those two resolvers , foure termes being with reason ejected , we must , for the finding out of the last in the second Resolver , effectuat as much by three , as formerly was on seven incumbent , which three being the first , and second termes in the first row of proportionalls ; and the third in the second , the two Resolvers Say — Nag — To ☞ Nyr , & To — Neg — Sa ☞ nir are comprehended by this one Say — Nag — Sa — ☞ Nir , that is , As the sine of one verticall to the Antisine of an opposite ; so the sine of another verticall to the Antisine of another opposite : and though the second Resolver doth import , that this other opposite is to be found out by the Antisine of the perpendicular , and sine of a secondarie verticall , yet doth it in nothing evince the coincidence of the two operations in one ; because the first two termes of the Resultative Analogie , doe adaequatly stand for the perpendicular , which I have proved already , and therefore these two in their proper places co-working with the third terme , according to the rule of proportion , have the selfe same influence , that the Perpendicular so seconded , hath upon the operatum . Now , to contract the generality of this finall Resolver , Say — Nag — Sa ☞ Nir , to all the particular Cases of this Mood , we must say , When the given Angles are of the same affection , and the required diverse , as in Dasimforaug , the first case , Sat — Nop — Seud ☞ Nob* Kir , that is , As the Sine of the double verticall to the Antisine of the prime Cathetopposite : so the Sine of the second verticaline ( or verticall in the lesser rectangle ) to the Antisine of the next Cathetopposite , whose complement to a semicircle is the Angle required . But when , the affection of the given Angles being different , the perpendicular is made to fall without , as in Dadisforeug , the second Case of this Mood , the Resolver thereof is particularised thus , Saud — Nob — Sat ☞ Nop * Ir , that is , As the Sine of the first verticaline ( or verticall in the rectanglet , ) to the Sine complement of the nearest Cathetopposite : so the Sine of the double verticall , to the Sine complement of the prime Cathetopposite , which is the Angle required . And lastly , if with the different qualities of the given and demanded Angles , the Perpendicular be let fall within , as in Dadisgatin , the third Case of this Mood , then is the finall Resolver to be determined thus , Sauth — Noph — Seuth ☞ Nops * Ir , that is , As the Sine of the first coverticall , to the Co-sine of the first Co-opposite : so is the Sine of the second coverticall , to the Co-sine of the second Co-opposite which is the Angle required . The originall reason of all these operations is grounded on the Axiome of Nabadprosver , as the first syllable of its Directory Alama giveth us to understand , which we may easily perceive by the Analogy , that is onely amongst the Angles without any intermixture of sides in the termes of the proportion . The second Mood of the first Angulary Figure ( that is to say , the first two termes of whose datas are Angles ) is Allamebne , which comprehendeth all those Disergetick questions , wherein two Angles being given and a side betweene , one of the other sides is demanded , which side ( the perpendicular being let fall ) is alwayes one of the second Subtendents , viz. in the first Case a second Subtendent of the lesser Triangle , in the second a second Subtendent in the great rectangle , and in the last a second Co-subtendent . To the knowledge of all these , that we may the more easily attaine , we must consider the generall maxim of the Cathetothesis of this Mood , which is Cafyxegeq that is to say , that in all the Cases of Allamebne the Perpendicular falleth from the side required , and from that point thereof , where it conterminats with the given side upon the third side , continued if need be ; and according to the variety of the second subtendent , which is the side demanded , there be these three especiall Tenets of this generall Maxim , to wit , Dasimforauxy , Dadiscracforeng , and Dadiscramgatin . Dasimforauxy , the first especiall Tenet of the generall Maxim of the Cathetothesis of this Mood sheweth , that , when the proposed Angles are of the same quality and homogeneall , the Perpendicular falleth externally , and the first verticall is one of the given Angles , and annexed to the required side . The second Tenet , Dadiscracforeug , which pertaineth to the second Case of this Mood , sheweth , that when the given Angles are of a discrepant nature , and heterogeneall , and that the concurse of the proposed and required sides is at an acute Angle , that then the Perpendicular must be demitted outwardly , and one of the proposed Angles becomes a second verticall . The third Tenet is Dadiscramgatin , whereby we learne , that if with the various affection of the Angles given , the concurse ( mentioned in the preceding Tenet ) be at an obtuse Angle , the Perpendicular falleth inwardly , and that one of the foresaid Angles is a double verticall . This is the onely Case of Allamebne , wherein the Perpendicular is demitted inwardly , save when the three Angles are qualified all alike , of which Case , because it falleth in all the Moods of the Loxogonosphericall Disergeticks , and that in Alamebna I have spoke at large thereof , I shall not need ( I hope ) to make any more mention hereafter . Having thus unfolded the mysteries of the Perpendiculars demission in all the Cases of this Mood ( as I must doe in all those of every one of the other Loxogonosphericall Disergeticks ; because such Obliquangulars , till they be reduced to a rectangularity ( which without the Perpendicular is not performable ) can never Logarithmically be resolved ) I may safely go on , without any let to the Reader , to the three severall Orthogonosphericall operations thereof , as they stand in order . The quaesitas of the first operation , which are alwayes the praenoscendas of the Mood , are in this Mood the same that they were in the last , to wit , the double verticall , the first verticaline , and the first coverticall : and are likewise to be found out by the same Datas both of side , and Angle here , that they were in the former Mood ; that is , for the side , by the first and great Subtendent : the first but little Subtendent : and the first Co-subtendent : and for the Angle , by the prime Cathetopposite , the nearest Cathetopposite , and the first Co-cathetopposite : so that the Datoquaere sounding thus , the Subtendent , and an Oblique Angle being given , to find the other Oblique , the Subservient of this Computation must needs be Upalam , and its Resolver , To — Tag — Nu ☞ Mir , which sheweth , that the subducing of the Logarithm of the Radius from the summe of the Logarithms of the Sine complement of one of the first Subtendents , and Tangent of one of the Angles at the Base , residuats the Logarithm of the Tangent complement of one of the verticals required , and consequently involveth within so much generality the particular resolutions of the Sub-problems of Upalam , viz. Utopat , Vdoband , and Vthophauth , diversified thus according to the variety of their praenoscendas , whereon , to speak ingenuously , I intend to insist no longer ; for , besides that the peculiar enodation of all the three apart is clearly set downe in my glosse on the last Mood , they are in both the first partitions of the Moods of Ahalebmane to the full expressed in the Table of my Trissotetras . The verticall Angles , according to the diversity of the three Cases being by the foresaid Datas thus obtained , must concurre with each its correspondent first Subtendent ( notified by the Characteristicks of τ. δ. θ. ) for finding out of the perpendicular , requisite for the performance of the second work in every one of the Cases of this Mood . And to this effect Ubamen is made the Subservient , by whose Resolver Nag — Mu — ☞ Torp ☞ Myr , these three Problems , Vtatatca , Vdaudca , and Uthauthca , are made manifest , and the same quaesitum attained unto by the Datas of three severall Subtendents , and verticals . * The Perpendicular being thus found out , must , for the surtherance of the third operation , joyne with the second verticaline , the double verticall , and second co-verticall , according to the nature of the Case in question , ( the Datas being the same with those of the third work of the last Mood ) thereby to attaine unto the knowledge of the second little Subtendent , the second great Subtendent , and the second Co-subtendent , the which are all the maine quaesitas of this Mood : To the performance of this last operation , Etalum is the subservient , whose Resolver Torp — Me — Nag ☞ Mur , teacheth us how to deale with the under datoquaeres of Catheudwd , Cathatwt , and Catheuthwth . Now , the coalescencie of these last two operations in one , proceeding from the casting out of the Radius in both the orders of proportionals , and leaing roome for the perpendicular , without taking the paines to know its value , as hath beene shewne already in the first Mood of the same Figure ; it cannot be much amisse in this place to give a further illustration thereof , and make the Reader , by an Arithmeticall demonstration , feele ( as it were ) how palpable the truth is of compacting eight proportionals into foure ; let there be then these two orders of numbers , 4 — 6 — 8 ☞ 12. and 8 — 12. — 14 ☞ 21. Where , we may suppose eight to be the Radius , and twelve the Perpendicular ( for such like suppositions can inferre no great absurdity ) and then let us consider how those termes doe beare to one another , especially the 12. and 8. which , by possessing foure places , make up halfe the number of the proportionals . First , we see that twelve in the first row , is nothing else but the result of the product of 6. in 8. divided by 4. And secondly , that 8. in the second row , casteth downe , by its division , whatsoever by its multiplication it builded up in the first ; upon which observations we may ground these Sequels , that 12. may be safely left out , both in the fourth , and sixth place , taking instead of it the number of 4. 6. and 8. in whose potentia it is : and next 8. undoing in one place , what it doth in another , may with greater ease void them both . So that by this abbreviated way of Analogising , 4. and 6. alone in their due order before 14. which is the third terme of the second row , conduce as much to the obtaining of the fourth , or if you will eighth proportionall 21. as if the other foure termes of the two eights , and twelves , were concurrent with it . How plaine all this is , no question needs to be made , and therefore , to returne to our Resolvers ( for the explicating whereof , we thought good to make this digression ) we must understand that the finall Resolver , ( in its generall expression ) made out of them ( they being as they are materially displayed , Nag-Mu-Torp ☞ Myr , & Torp-Me-Nag ☞ Mur ) is no other then Nag-Mu-Na ☞ Mur , that is , As the Sine complement of one verticall is to the Tangent complement of a Subtendent : So the Sine complement of another verticall , to the Tangent complement of another Subtendent : and Analytically to trace the running of this operation , even to the source from whence it flowes , by foysting in the Perpendicular , and Radius , we may bring it to the consistence of the former two subordinate Resolvers , whereof the first is , As the Sine complement of a first , or a double verticall , to the Tangent complement of a first Subtendent : so the Radius to the Tangent complement of the Perpendicular ; and the second , As the Radius , to the Tangent complement of the Perpendicular : so the Sine complement of a second , or a double verticall , to the Tangent complement of a second Subtendent , which is the side required , and the fourth proportionall of Nag — Mu — Na ☞ Mur. Whose generality is to be contracted to every one of the three Cases of this Mood thus : If both the Angles given be of the same nature , they being the first verticals , from which the Cathetus fals on either side , increased according to the demand of the side , as in the first Case , Dasimforauxy , we must particularise the common Resolver , in this manner , Nat — Mut — Neud ☞ Nwd * Yr , that is , As the Antisine of the double verticall , is to the Antitangent of the first , and great Subtendent : so the Antisine of the second verticall in the lesser rectangle , to the Antitangent of the second Subtendent in the same little rectangle , which Subtendent is the side required . For the second Case of this Mood , viz. Dadiscracforeug , we must say , Naud — Mud — Nat ☞ Mwt * Yr , that is , As the Sine complement of the first and little verticall to the Tangent complement of the first , and little Subtendent : so the Sine complement of the double verticall , to the Tangent complement of the second and great subtendent . And lastly , for the third Case Dadiscramgatin , the finall Resolver is determinated thus , Nauth — Muth — Neuth ☞ Mwth * Yr , that is , As the Co-sine of the first Co-verticall , is to the Co-tangent of the first Co-subtendent : so the Co-sine of the second Co-verticall , to the Co-tangent of the second Co-subtendent , which is the side in this third Case required . The truth of all these operations is grounded on the Axiome of Naverprortes , as we are certified by the first syllable of its Directory Allera , which we may perceive by the direct Analogy that is betweene the Sines complements of the verticall Angles , and the Tangents complements , ( and consequently reciprocall 'twixt them and the Tangents ) of the verticall sides , which in this Mood are alwayes second Subtendents . The second Disergetick , and Angulary Figure , is Ahamepnare , which embraceth all those Obliquangularie Sphericals , wherein two Angles being given with an opposite side , another Angle , or the side interjacent , is demanded : this Figure , conforme to the two severall Quaesitas , hath two Moods , viz. Amanepra , and Ammanepreb . The first Mood hereof , which is Amanepra , belongeth to all those Loxogonosphericall questions , wherein , two Angles with an opposite side being proposed , the third Angle is required , which is alwayes a first verticall , a second verticall , or a first co-verticall : to the notice of all which , that we may with ease attaine , the generall Maxim of the Cathetothesis of this Mood is to be considered , which is Cafriq that is to say , that in all the Cases of Amanepra , the Perpendicular falleth from the Angle required upon the side opposite to that Angle , and terminated by the other two Angles , which side is to be increased , if need be . Now in regard , that besides the Cathetothesis of this Mood , and some three moe , to wit , all those Loxogonosphericals wherein the quaesitum is either a partiall verticall , or segment at the Base , there is a peculiar Mensurator , pertaining to every one of the foure , called in my Trissotetras the plus minus , because it sheweth by the specieses thereof to the Moods appropriated , whether the summe , or difference of the verticall Angles , and segments at the Base , be the Angle , or side required , and so clearly leadeth us thorough all the Cases of each of the Moods , that either by abstracting the fourth proportionall from an Angle or a segment , or by abstracting an Angle , or a segment from it , or lastly , by joyning it to an Angle , or a segment , with an incredible facility we attaine to the knowledge of the maine quaesitum , whether Angulary , or laterall . Let the Reader then be pleased to know , that the Mensurator , or Plus minus of this Mood , is Sindifora , which evidently declareth ( as by its representatives in the explanation of the Table is apparent ) that , if the demission of the Perpendicular be internall , the summe ; if exterior , the difference of the verticall Angles , is the Angle required . Seeing thus the notice of the manner of the Perpendiculars falling is so necessary , it is expedient , for our better information therein , that we severally perpend the three especiall Tenets of the generall Maxim of the Cathetothesis of this Mood , which are Dadissepamforaur Dadissexamforeur , and Dasimatin . Dadissepamforaur , which is the Tenet of the first Case , sheweth , that when the Angles given are of a different nature , and that the proposed side is opposite to an obtuse Angle , the Perpendicular falleth outwardly , and the first verticall is the Angle required . The second Tenet belonging to the second Case of this Mood , viz. Dadissexamforeur , sheweth , that if the proposed Angles be of discrepant affections , and that the side given be conterminat with an obtuse Angle , the Perpendicular is demitted externally , and the demanded Angle is a second verticall . The third Tenet pertaining to the last Case of this Mood , to wit , Dasimatin , evidenceth , that if the Angles proposed be of the same quality , the Perpendicular falleth interiourly , and the double verticall is the Angle required . Having thus ( as I suppose ) hereby evinced every difficulty of the Perpendiculars demission in all the Cases of this Mood , I may the more boldly in the interim proceed to the three rectangular works thereto belonging . Now , it being manifest that the Praenoscendas of this Mood , or the Quaesitas of the first operation thereof , are the same with those of the two Moods of the first Disergetick Figure , to wit , the double verticall , the first verticaline , and the first co-verticall ; and that , without any alteration at all , they are to be obtained by the same Datas , both of side , and Angle in this Mood of Amanepra , that , they were in the former Moods of Alamebna , and Allamebne , without any further specifying what these given sides , and Angles are ( which are to the full expressed in the last two forementioned Moods ) I must make bold thither to direct you , where you shall be sure also to learne all that is necessary to know of the Subservient and Resolver of the first operation of this Mood , both which , to wit , Upalam and To — Tag — Nu ☞ Mir , are inseparable dependents on all the Angularie Praenoscendas of the Loxogonosphericall Disergeticks : And though within the generality of this Subservient be compreded the peculiar Problemets of Vtopat , Udobaud , and Uthophauth , which are all three at large couched in the Trissotetras of this Mood ; yet , because what hath beene already said thereof in the foresaid Figure , may very well suffice for this place , the Readers diligence ( I hope ) in the turning of a leaf , will save me the labour of any further recapitulation . The Praenoscendas , or the verticall Angles , according to the nature of the Case , being by the foresaid Datas thus found out , must needs joyne with each its correspondent opposite , specified by the characteristicks of π. β. φ. for the obtaining of the Perpendicular , which in all the rest of the Disergetick Moods , as well as this , is alwayes the quaesitum of the second operation , thorough all the Cases thereof . Of this work Amaner is the subservient , by whose Resolver , Say — Nag — To ☞ Nyr , the three sub-problems , Opatca , Obaudca , and Ophauthca , are made known , and the same quaesitum attained unto by the Datas of three several both cathetopposites , and verticals , it being the only Mood which with Alamebna , hath a cathetopposite and verticall catheteuretick identity . The Perpendicular being thus obtained , is , for the effecting of the third and last operation , to concurre with the next cathetopposite , the prime cathetopposite , and the second cocathetopposite , as the Case requires it , thereby to find out the main quaesitum ; which in the first Case by abstracting the fourth proportionall , in the second by abstracting from the fourth proportionall , and in the third by adding the fourth proportionall to another verticall , is easily obtained by those that have the skill to discerne which be the greater , or lesser of two verticals proposed . To the perfecting of this third work , Exoman is the Subservient , whose Resolver Ne-To-Nag ☞ Sir , instructeth us , how to unfold the peculiar Problems of Cathobeud Cathopat , & Cathopseuth . Now , the nature of proportion requiring that of two rowes of proportionals , when the fourth in the first order is first in the second , that then the multiplyers become dividers , and the dividers multiplyers : as by these numbers following you may perceive , viz. 2 — 4 — 6 ☞ 12. for the first row , and 12 — 4 — 15 ☞ 5 , for the second ; of which proportionals , because of the fourth terme in the first rowes being first in the second , if you turne as many multiplyers into dividers as you can , and ( where the identity of a Figure requires it ) dash out a multiplyer against a divider , you will find , the two foures by this reason being raced out , and the two twelves ( because of their being in the power of the three first proportionals of the first row ) likewise left out , that this Analogy of 6 — 2 — 15 doth the same effect , that the former seven proportionals , for obtaining of the quaesitum , viz. 5. the reason whereof is altogether grounded upon the inversion of a permutat proportion , or the Retrograd Analogy of the alternat termes , whereby the Consequents are compared to Consequents , and Antecedents to Antecedents , in the preposterous method of beginning at the second of both the Consequents and Antecedents , and ending at the first : therefore ( as I was telling you ) the nature of proportion requiring that in such a Case the multiplyers and dividers be bound to interchange their places , the Resolvers of the last two operations , viz. Say — Nag — To ☞ Nyr , and Ne — To — Nag ☞ Sir , the first whereof being , As the Sine of a verticall Angle , to the Sine complement of an Angle at the Base , or one of the Cathetopposites : so the Radius to the Sine complement of the Perpendicular : and the second , As the Sine complement of the Perpendicular , to the Radius : so the Sine complement of one of the Cathetopposite Angles , to one of the verticals , may both of them ( according to the former rule ) be handsomely compacted in this one Analogy , Na — Say — Nag ☞ Sir , that is , As the Sine complement of an opposite is to the Sine of a verticall : so the Sine complement of another opposite , to the Sine of another verticall . This foresaid generall Resolver , according to the three severall cases of this Mood , is to be specialised into so many finall Resolvers ; the first whereof for Dadissepamforaur , Nop — Sat — Nob — ☞ Seudfr* At* Aut* ir , that is , As the sine complement of the prime cathetopposite , to the sine of the double verticall : so the sine complement of the nearest cathetopposite , to the sine of the second verticalin ; the which subtracted from the double verticall , leaveth the first and great verticall , which is the Angle required . Next , for the second Case of this Mood , Dadissexamforeur , we must make use of , Nob — Saud — Nop ☞ Satfr , * Aud* Eut* ir , that is , As the sine complement of the next opposite , to the sine of the first verticallet : so the sine complement of the prime opposite , to the sine of the double verticall , from which , if you deduce the first verticalm , there will remaine the second and great verticall for the Angle demanded . Lastly , for the third Case , Dasimatin , we must , say Noph — Sauth — Nop● ☞ Seuth* jauth* ir , that is , As the sine complement of the first co-opposite , to the sine of the first co-verticall : so the sine complement of the second co-opposite , to the sine of the second co verticall , which added to the first co-verticall , maketh up the Angle we desire . The veritie of all these operations is grounded on the Axiome Nabadprosver , as the second syllable of its directorie Alama , giveth us understand , and as we may discerne more easily by the samenesse in species amongst the proportionall termes ; for they are all Angles , the first , and third being Angles at the Base ( for these are alwaies of the opposits ) and the second , and fourth termes of the verticall Angles , which verticall Angles in the finall resolvers of this Mood , are according to the foresaid Axiome , to the Angles of the Base directly proportionall , and contrarily . The second Mood of the second Angularie figure of the Loxogonosphericall Disergeticks , named Ahamepnare is Ammanepreb , which is said of all those obliquangularie problems , wherein two Angles , and an opposite side being given , the side between is required , and is alwaies one of the basal-segments : to the knowledge whereof , that we may the more easily attaine , we must consider the generall maxime of the Cathetothesis of this Mood , which is Cafregpagyq that is , that the perpendicular falleth still from the given side , opposite to both the Angles given , and upon the side required , continued , if need be , in all and every one of the cases of Ammanepreb . The Plusminus of this Mood , is Sindiforiu , that is to say , the summe of the segments of the Base , if the perpendicular fall inwardly , and the difference of the Bases , if exteriorly , is the side demanded . The perpendiculars demission , being a Sine quo non in all disergetick operations , it will not be amisse , that we ponder what the three severall tenets are of the Cathetothesis of this Mood , and what is meaned by Dadissepamfor , Dadissexamfor , and Dasimin . Dadissepamfor , the tenet of the first Case of this Mood , sheweth , that if the given Angles be of severall natures , and that the proposed side be opposite to an obtuse Angle , the perpendicular falleth externally . The second tenet , Dadissexamfor expresseth , that if the proposed Angles be different , and that the side given be conterminat with the obtuse Angle , it falleth likewise outwardly . But Dasimin , which is the third tenet signifieth , that if the given Angles be of the same affection , the falling of the perpendicular is internall . This much being premised of the perpendicular , we may securely goe on to the orthogonosphericall works of the Mood ; and so beginning with the first operation , consider what the praenoscendas are , which are alwaies the quaesitas by the first operation obtainable , and in this Mood the Bases of the Triangle ; but more particularly to descend to the illustration of the Cases of Ammanepreb , the praenoscendum of the first Case , is the first and great Base , of the second , the first but little Base , and of the third , the first co-base . Now , though these three praenoscendas , be totally different from those of the three former Moods , yet are they to be acquired by the same , and no other Datas ; because none of the Angularie figures must differ from one another in the Datas of their praenoscendas , as out of the definition of an Angularie figure in the entrie , of the second Mood set downe , is easie to be collected : these Datas being tendred to us of intermixed circularie parts , that is to say , of both sides and Angles , the side being the first subtendentall , or great subtendent , the first subtendentine , or little subtendent , and the first co-subtendent : and the Angles the prime cathetopposite , the next cathetopposite , and the first co-catheopposite ; so that considering what is demanded , and that the Datoquaere thereof must be expressed thus , the hypotenusa , and an oblique being given , to finde the Ambient conterminate with the proposed Angle , we are , for the calculation of this work , necessitated to have recourse to Vbamen , which , in the Table of my Trissotetras obtaineth the roome of its subservient , to the end , that by its Resolver Torp — Mu — Lag ☞ Myr , being instructed how by cutting off the Logarithm of the Radius , from the summe of the Logarithms of the M. of one of the first subtendents , and secant complement of one of the cathetopposits , or Angles at the Base , residuats the Logarithm of the Tangent complement of the Base required , we may deliveredly extract , out of the generality of that proposition , the peculiar Subordinate resolutions of these three Problemets of Ubamen , viz. Utopaet , Vdobaed , and Uthophaeth , varied ( as you see ) according to the diversity of the Praenoscendas , which being ( as you were told already ) the first Basal , or great Base , the first Baset or little Base , and the first Co-base ; I will not detain you any longer upon this matter , but the rather hasten my transition to the other work , that in the Praenoscendall partition of Ammanepreb , there is enough thereof set downe in the Table of my Trissotetras . The Praenoscendas of Ammanepreb , or the three severall first Bases , conforme to the various nature of the Cases thereof , being by the foresaid Datas happily obtained , must concurre with each its correspondent Cathetopposite ( discernable , in their severall qualities , by the Characteristicks of π. β. φ. ) for finding out of the perpendicular , which is the perpetuall quaesitum of the second operation . The subservient of this work is Ethaner , by whose Resolver , To — Tag — Se ☞ Tyr , we come to the knowledge of Ethaners three Subdatoquaeres , viz. Aetopca , Aedobca , and Aethophca , whereby we may perceive , that the same quaesitum , to wit , the perpendicular is obtained by the Datas of the three severall both Bases , and Cathet opposite Angles . This so often mentioned perpendicular being thus made known , must , for the performance of the last and third work , joyne with the nixt Cathetopposite , the prime Cathetopposite , and the second Co-cathetopposite , as the Case will beare it , the Datas being the same in every point here , that in the last operation of the foregoing Mood ( as by the subservients , Exoman and Epsoner , is obvious to any judicious Reader ) thereby to obtaine the maine quaesitum , which in the first Case , by abstracting the fourth proportionall from the first great Base , in the second by abstracting from the fourth proportionall , the first little Base , and in the third by adding the fourth proportionall to another segment of the Base , is findable by any , that will undergoe the labour of adding , and substracting . For the acomplishment of this last operation Epsoner is the Subservient , by whose Resolver Tag — Tolb — Te ☞ Syr , we are taught how to deale with its three Subproblems , Cathoboed , Cathopoet , and Cathopsoeth . These last two operations being thus to the full extended , it remaineth now to treat how they ought to be in one compacted , or rather , for brevitie of computation , we should compact them both in one , before we take the paines to extend them : yet , because practice requireth one method , & the order of Doctrine another , we will , that we may be the lesse troublesome to the Readers memory , goe on ( by ejecting some , and reserving other proportional termes ) in our usuall course of conflating two Resolvers together . These Resolvers are in this Mood , To — Tag — Se ☞ Tyr , and Tag — To — To ☞ Syr , the first thereof , sounding , As the Radius , to the Tangent of one of the Cathetopposite Angles , or Angles at the Base : so the Sine of one of the first Bases , to the Tangent of the perpendicular : and the second , As the Tangent of one of the other Cathetopposite Angles to the Radius : so the Tangent of the perpendicular , to the sine of the side required . Here may the Reader be pleased to consider , that in all the glosse upon the posterior operations of my Disergeticks , I have beene contented to set downe ( as he may see in the last two propositions ) the bare Theorems of the Resolvers , conforme to the nature of their Analogy , without troubling my selfe , or any body else , with repeating , or reiterating the way , how the Logarithms of the middle , and initiall termes are to be handled , for the obtaining of a fourth Logarithm ; all that can be desired therein , being to the full expressed already in my ample comments upon the Orthogonosphericall Problems ; to the which the industrious Reader , in case of doubting , may ( if he please ) have recourse , without any great losse of time , or labour : however , for his better encouragement , I give another hint thereof in the closure of this Treatise . But to returne where we left , seeing out of these two Resolvers , To — Tag — Se ☞ Tyr , and Tag — To — Te ☞ Syr , according to the rules of coalescency , mentioned in both the Moods of Ahalebmane , both the Perpendicular and Radius may be ejected without any danger of losing our aime of the maine quaesitum , it is evident , that the proportion of the Remanent termes , is , Ta — Tag — Se ☞ Syr , which comprehendeth both the last two Resolvers , and the three foresaid Problemets thereto belonging , and being interpreted , As the Tangent of one Cathetopposite Angle , to the Tangent of another Cathetopposite : so the sine of one of the first Bases , to the sine of a side , which ushers in the side required . This generall Resolver , according to the three severall Cases of this Mood , is to be particularised into so many finall Resolvers ; the first whereof , for Dadissepanefor , is Tob-Top-Saet ☞ Soedfr * , Aet* Dyr , that is , As the Tangent of the next opposite , to the Tangent of the prime opposite : so the Sine of the first great Base , to the Sine of the second little Base ; which subducted from the foresaid first great Base , will for the remainder afford us that segment of the Base , which is the side in the first Case required . Then for the second Case , Dadissexamfor , the finall Resolver is Top — Tob — Saed ☞ Soetfr * Aed* Dyr , that is , As the Tangent of the prime Cathetopposite to the Tangent of the next opposite : so the Sine of the first Baset , or little Base , to the Sine of the second and great Base ; from which if we abstract the foresaid first little Base , the difference or remainer will be that Segment of the Base , which is the side demanded . Lastly , for the Case Dasimin , the finall Resolver is Tops — Toph — Saeth ☞ Soethj* Aeth* Syr , that is , As the Tangent of the second co-opposite , to the Tangent of the first co-opposite : so the Sine of the first co-base , to the Sine of the second co-base ; the summe of which two co-bases is the totall Base or side in the third Case required . The reason of all this is proved by the third Disergetick Axiome , which is Siubprortab , as is pointed at by the first syllable of its Directory Ammena , and manifested to us in all the Analogies of this Mood , every one whereof runneth upon Tangents of Angles , and Sines of Segments , both to the Base belonging : nor can any doubt , that heares the resolution of the Cases of Ammanepreb , but that the habitude , which all the termes thereof have to one another , proceedeth meerly from the reciprocall proportion , which the Tangents of the opposite Angles have to the Basal-segments , and contrariwise . The third Loxogonosphericall Disergetick Figure , and first of the Laterals ( that is , the first two termes of whose Datas are sides , what ere the quaesitum be ) is Ehenabrole , which comprehendeth all those Problems , wherein two sides being given , and an Angle betweene , either a cathetopposite Angle , or the third side is demanded . This Figure , conforme to the two severall Quaesitas , hath two Moods , to wit , Enerablo , and Ennerable . The first Mood hereof , Enerablo , containeth all those obliquangularie questions , wherein two sides with the Angle comprehended within them , being proposed , another Angle is required , which Angle is alwayes one of the Cathetopposites or Angles at the Base , that is , either the complement to a Semicircle of the next Cathetopposite , the prime Cathetopposite , or the second Cocathetopposite : to the knowledge of all which , that we may with facility attaine , let us consider the generall Maxim of the Cathetothesis of this Mood , which is Cafregpigeq that is to say , that the Perpendicular in all the Cases of Enerablo falleth from that given side , which is opposite to the Angle required , upon the other given side , continued , if need be ; and according to the variety of the Angle at the Base which is the Angle sought for , there be these three especiall Tenets of the generall Maxim of this Mood , viz. Dacramfor , Damracfor , and Dasimquaein . Dacramfor , which is the Tenet of the first Case , sheweth , that if the proposed Angle be sharp , and the required flat , the Perpendicular must fall outwardly . Damracfor , the Tenet of the second Case , signifieth , that if a blunt , or obtuse Angle be given , and an acute or sharp demanded , the demission of the Perpendicular must ( as in the last ) be externall . Lastly , Dasimquaein , the Tenet of the third Case , sheweth , that if the given , and required Angles be of the same nature , the Perpendicular must fall inwardly . Having thus unfolded all the intricacies in my Trissotetras of the Cathetothetick partition of this Mood , I may , without breaking order , step back , to explicate what is contained in the preceding partition , and for the accomplishing of the first Orthogonosphericall work of this Mood , consider what its Praenoscendas are , and by what Datas they are to be obtained : but , seeing both the Praenoscendas , and the Datas , together with the subservient , and its Resolver , with all the three Subdatoquaeres ; and in a word , the whole contents of the first partition of this Mood of Enerablo , is the same in all and every jot with the Praenoscendas , Datas , Subservient , Resolver , and Problemets , contained in the first partition of the last Mood Ammanepreb ; I will not need to tell you any more , then that ( the Trissotetras it selfe ( though otherwise short enough ) shewing that Ubamen is the subservient to the Praenoscendas : Torp — Mu — Lag ☞ Myr , its Resolver : and Vtopaet , Vdobaed , and Vthophaeth , the three Subproblems both of this and the next preceding Mood ) you be pleased to have recourse to the glosse upon the last Mood , where this matter is treated of at large ; to the which , for avoyding of repetition , I doe heartily recommend you . The first work being thus expedited , we are to find out the Perpendicular by the second , but so as that my direction to the Reader for the performance thereof shall detaine me no longer here , then the time I am willing to bestow , in telling him , that the whole progresse of this operation , as well as of the preceding , is amply expressed in my comment on the last Mood , from which , what ere is written of the Subservient , Ethaner , its Resolver , To — Tag — Se ☞ Tyr , or the under-problems , Aetopca , Aedobca , and Aethophca , thereby resolved , may conveniently be transplaced hither , and reseated there againe , without any prejudice to either ; Ammanepreb being the onely Mood , which with this of Enerablo hath a basal and opposite catheteuretick identity . The Perpendicular , by these meanes being found out , must be employed in the last work of this Mood , to concurre with the second Basidion , or little Base , the second great Base , and the second Co-base , for obtaining of such Cathetopposites as are , or usher the maine quaesitas , which in the first Case is the complement of the fourth proportionall ( viz. the next Cathetopposite ) to a Semicircle ; in the second Case the prime Cathetopposite , and in the third , the second Cocathetopposite . For the perfecting of this operation , Erelam is the Subservient , by whose Resolver , Sei — Teg — To ☞ Tir , we are instructed how to unfold its peculiar Problemets , oedcathob , oetcathop , and oethcathops . All the three operations being thus singly accomplished , according to our wonted manner , the last two must be inchaced into one , and therefore their Resolvers , To — Tag — Se ☞ Tyr , and Sei — Teg — To ☞ Tir , must be untermed of some of their proportionals : the which , that we may performe the more judicionsly , let us consider what they signifie apart ; the first importeth ( as in the last Mood I told you ) that , As the Radius is to the Tangent of one of the opposite Angles : so the Sine of one of the first Bases , to the Tangent of the Perpendicular : the second soundeth , As the Sine of one of the second Bases , to the Tangent of the Perpendicular : so the Radius , to the Tangent of an Angle , which either ushers , of is the Angle required . Hereby it is evident , how the Radius is a multiplyer in the one , and a divider in the other , and that the Perpendicular , which with the Radius is a multiplyer in the second row , is in the power of the three first termes of the first row , whereof the Radius is one , by vertue of all which , we must proceed just so with these last two operations here , as we have already done with the two last of the Moods of Alamebna , Allamebne , and Ammanepreb , and ejecting the Radius and Perpendicular out of both , instead of To — Tag — Se ☞ Tyr and Sei — Teg — To ☞ Tir , set downe Sei — Tag — Se ☞ Tir , that is , As the Sine of one of the second Bases to the Tangent of one of the Cathetopposites : so is the Sine of one of the first Bases , to the Tangent of one of the other Cathetopposites : which proposition comprehendeth to the full the last two operations , and according to the three severall Cases of this Mood is to be individuated into so many finall Resolvers . The first thereof , for Dacramfor , is Soed — Top — Saet ☞ Tob * Kir , that is , As the Sine of the second Basidion , or little Base , is to the Tangent of the prime Cathetopposite : so the Sine of the first , and great Base , to the Tangent of the next Cathetopposite , whose complement to a Semicircle is the Angle required . The second finall Resolver , is for Damracfor , the Tenet of the second Case , and is Soet — Tob — Saed ☞ Top * Ir , that is to say , As the Sine of the second , and great Base , to the Tangent of the next Cathetopposite : so the Sine of the first Basidion , to the Tangent of the prime opposite , which is the Angle required . The third and last finall Resolver , is for the third Case Dasimquaein , and is couched thus , Soeth — Toph — Saeth ☞ Tops * Ir , that is , As the Sine of the second Co-base is to the Tangent of the first Cocathetopposite : so is the Sine of the first Co-base to the Tangent of the second Co-cathetopposite , which is the Angle required . The fundamentall reason of all this , is from the third Disergetick Axiome Siubprortab , the second Determinater of whose Directory , Ammena , sheweth that the Mood of Enerablo , in all the finall Resolvers thereof , oweth the truth of its Analogy to the Maxim of Siubprortab ; because of the reciprocall proportion tha● is amongst its termes , to be found betwixt the Sines of the basall segments and the Tangents of the Cathetopposite Angles . The second Mood of Ehenabrole is Ennerable , which comprehendeth all those Obliquangulary Problems , wherein two sides being given , with an Angle intercepted therein , the third side ▪ demanded , which side is alwayes one of the second Subtendent● ▪ that is either the second Subtendentine , the second Subtendentall , 〈◊〉 the second Co-subtendent : to the notice of all which , that we may the more easily attaine , let us perpend the generall Maxim of the Cathetothesis of this Mood , Cafregpaq the meaning whereof is , that in this Mood , whatever the Case be , the Perpendicular may fall from the extremity of either of the given sides , but must fall from one of them , opposite to the Angle proposed , and upon the other given side , continued , if need be . Here may the Reader be pleased to observe , that the clause of the Perpendiculars falling opposite to the proposed Angle , though it be onely mentioned in this place , might have as well beene spoke of in any one of the rest of the Cathetothetick comments ; because it is a generall tie incumbent on the demission of Perpendiculars in all Loxogonosphericall Disergetick Figures , whether Amblygonian or Oxygonian , that it fall alwayes opposite to a knowne Angle , and from the extremity of a knowne side . Of this generall Maxim , Cafregpaq according to the variety of the second Subtendent , which is the side required , there be these three especiall Tenets , Dacforamb , Damforac , and Dakinatam . Dacforamb , the Tenet of the first Case , giveth us to understand , that if the given Angle be acute , and that one onely of the other two be an obtuse Angle , the Perpendicular falleth outwardly . Damforac , the Tenet of the second Case , signifieth , that if the given Angle be obtuse , and the other two acute , that the demission of the Perpendicular is externall , as in the first . Thirdly , Dakinatam , the Tenet of the third Case , and variator of the first , sheweth , that if the proposed Angle be of the same affection with one of the other Angles of the Triangle , as in the first Case , the Perpendicular may fall inwardly . The Cathetology of this Mood being thus expeded , the Pranoscendas thereof come next in hand to be discussed , which are the first Bases , whose subservient is Vbamen , and its Resolver , Torp — Mu — Lag ☞ Myr , upon which depend the three Subdatoquaeras of Vtopaet , Vdobaed , and Vthophaeth . Thus much I beleeve is expressed in the very Table of my Trissotetras ; and though a large explication might be with reason expected in this place , of what is but summarily mentioned there , yet because what concerneth this matter , hath beene already treated of in the last two Moods of Enerablo , and 〈◊〉 , the whole discourse whereof may be as conveniently perused , as if it were couched here , I will not dull the Reader with tedious rehearsals of one and the same thing , but , letting passe the progresse of this first work , with the manner of which ( by my former instructions , I suppose him sufficiently well acquainted ) will proceed to the Cathetouretick operation of this Mood , and perpend by what Datas the perpendicular is to be found out . To this effect , the Praenoscendas of Ennerable , to wit , the first Basal , the first Basidion , and the first co-Base , being by the last work already obtained , must concurre with each its correspondent first subtendent , viz. the first Subtendentall , the first Subtendentine , and the first co-Subtendent , discernable in their severall natures , by the figuratives of τ δ θ. for the perfecting of this second operation . The subservient of this work , is Uch●ner , by whose Resolver Neg — To — Nu ☞ Nyr , the three subproblems Utaeta , Vtadca , and Vthaethca , are made manifest : by vertue whereof it is perceivable , how the same quaesitum is attained unto by the Datas of three severall , both first Subtendents , and first Bases . The perpendicular being thus obtained , must assist some other terme in the third operation , for the finding out of the maine quaesitum ; which quaesitum , though it be different from the finall one of the last Mood , yet is the knowledge of them both attained unto , by meanes of the same Datas ; the perpendicular , and the three second Bases , being ingredients in both . It being certaine then , that the perpendicular must concurre in the last work of this Mood with the second Basidion , the second Basal , and second co-Base , for obtaining the second Subtendentine , the second Subtendentall , and second co-Subtendent ; Enerul , is made use of for their subservient , by whose Resolver , To — Neg — Ne ☞ Nur , we are raught how to deale with its subordinat Problems , Catheudwd , Cathatwt , and Catheuthwth . All the three works being thus specified apart , according to our accustomed Method , we will declare what way the last two are to be joyned into one ; for the better effectuating whereof , their Resolvers , Neg — To — Nu — ☞ Nyr : and To — Neg — Ne ☞ Nur , must be interpreted ; the first being , As the sine complement of a first Base to the Radius : so the sine complement of a first subtendent , to the sine complement of the perpendicular . And the second . As the Radius , to the sine complement of a second Base : so the sine complement of the perpendicular to the sine complement of a second subtendent , which is the side required . Now , seeing a multiplier must be dashed against a divider , being both quantified alike , and that all unnecessary pestring of a work with superfluous ingredients is to be avoided ; we are to deale with the Radius , and perpendicular in this place , as formerly we have done in the Moods of Alamebna , Allamebne , Ammanepreb , and Enerablo , where we did eject them forth of both the orders of proportionalls ; and when we have done the like here , instead of Neg — To — Nu ☞ Nyr , and To — Neg — Ne ☞ Nur , we may with the same efficacie say , Neg — Nu — Ne ☞ Nur , that is , As the sine complement of one side , is to the sine complement of a subtendent : so the sine complement of another side , to the sine complement of another subtendent ; or more determinatly , As the sine complement of a first Base , to the sine complement of a first subtendent : so the sine complement of a second Base , to the sine complement of a second subtendent . This theorem comprehendeth to the full both the last operations , and according to the number of the Cases of this Mood , is particularized into three finall Resolvers , the first whereof for the first Case , Dacforamb , is Naet — Nut — Noed ☞ Nwd*yr , that is , As the sine complement of the first Basal , or great Base to the sine complement of the first Subtendentall , or great subtendent : so the sine complement of the second Basidion , or little Base , to the sine complement of the second subtendentine , or little subtendent , which is the side required . The second finall Resolver , is for Damforac , the second Case , and is set downe thus , Naed — Nud — Noet ☞ Nwt*yr , that is , As the sine complement of the first Basidion , to the sine complement of the first subtendentine : so the sine complement of the second Basal , to the sine complement of the second subtendentall , which is the side in this Case required . The third , and last finall Resolver is for Dakinatamb , and is expressed thus , Naeth — Nuth — Noeth ☞ Nwth*yr , that is to say , As the sine complement of the first co-base , to the sine complement of the first co-subtendent : so the sine complement of the second co-base , to the sine complement of the second co-subtendent , which in the third Case is alwayes the side required . The reason of all this is proved out of the fourth , and last disergetick Axiom , Niubprodnesver , whose directer Ennerra , sheweth by its Determinater , the syllable Enn , that the Datoquaere of Ennerable , is bound for the veritie of its proportion , in all the finall Resolvers thereof , to the maxime of Niubprodnesver , because off the direct analogie that , amongst its termes , is to be seen betwixt the sines complements of the segments of the Base & the sines complements of the sides of the verticall Angles ; which in all this Treatise , both for plainesse , and brevity sake , I have thought fit to call by the names of first and second Subtendents . The fourth and last Loxogonosphericall Disergetick figure , and second of the Lateralls , is Eherolabme , which is of all those obliquangularie problems , wherin two sides being given , and an opposite Angle , the interjacent Angle , or one of the other sides is demanded ; and , conforme to its two severall quaesitas , hath two Moods , viz. Erelomab , and Errelome . The first Mood hereof Erelomab comprehendeth all those Loxogonosphericall Problems , wherein two sides with an opposite Angle being proposed , the Angle between is demanded , which Angle is still one of the verticals , that is , the first verticall , the second verticall , or the double vertical : to the notice of all which , that we may the more easily attain , we must consider the general Maxim of the Cathetothesis of this Mood , which is Cafriq the very same in name with the generall Cathetothetick Maxim of Amanepra , and thus far agreeing with it , that the Perpendicular in both must fal from the Angle required , and upon the side opposite to that Angle , increased if need be : but in this point different , that in Amanepra , the Perpendiculars demission is from the Angle required upon the opposite side , conterminat with the two proposed Angles , and in Erelomab , it falleth from the required Angle , upon the opposite side conterminat with the two proposed sides : and , according to the variety of the fourth proportionall , which , in the Analogies to this Mood belonging , ushers in the verticall required , there be those three especiall Tenets of the generall Maxim of this Mood , viz. Dacracforaur , Damraeforeur , and Dacrambatin . Dacracforaur , which is the Tenet of the first Case , sheweth , that if the given and demanded Angles be acute , and the third an obtuse Angle , the Perpendicular falleth outwardly upon the third side , and the required Angle is a first verticall . Dambracforeur , the Tenet of the second Case , importeth , that if the proposed Angle be obtuse , and an acute Angle required , the third Angle being acute , the Perpendicular must likewise in this Case fall outwardly upon the third side , and the Angle demanded be a second verticall . Dacrambatin , the Tenet of the third Case , signifieth , that if the proposed Angle be acute , and an obtuse Angle required , the Perpendicular falleth inwardly , and the demanded Angle is a double verticall . I had almost forgot to tell you , that Sindifora is the Plus-minus of this Mood , whereby we are given to understand , that the summe of the top Angles , if the Perpendicular fall within , and their difference , if it fall without , is the Angle required : and , seeing it varieth neither in name , nor interpretation from the mensurator of Amanepra ( the diversity betwixt them being onely in this , that the verticals there are invested with Sines , and here with Sine complements ) I must make bold to desire the Reader to look back to that place , if he know not why it is that some Moods are Plus-minused , and not others ; for there he will find that Sindiforation is meerly proper to those Cases , in the Analogies whereof the fourth proportionall is not the maine quaesitum it selfe , but the illaticious terme that brings it in . The Praenoscendas of the Mood , or Quaesitas of the first operation , falling next in order to be treated of , it is fitting we perpend of what nature they be in this Mood of Erelomab , that if they be different from those of other Moods , we may , according to our accustomed diligence , formerly observed in the like occasions , appropriate , in this parcell of the comment to their explication , for the Readers instruction , the greater share of discourse , the lesse that before in any part of this Tractar , they have beene mentioned : But if it be so farre otherwise , that for their coincidence with other proturgetick Quaesitas , there can no materiall document concerning them be delivered here , which hath not beene spoke of already in some one or other of our foregoing Datoquaeres , it were but an unnecessary wasting of both time and paper to make repetition of that , which in other places we have handled to the full ; and therefore , seeing the Praenoscendas of this Mood , to wit , the double top Angle or verticall , the first top Anglet or verticalin , and the first Co-top-Angle , or co-verticall , together with the Datas , whereby these are obtained , viz. for the side , the first subtendentall , the first subtendentine , and the first co-subtendent , and for the Angle , the prime Cathetopposite , the next Cathetopposite , and the first Co-cathetopposite , and consequently the subservient Upalam , its Resolver To — Tag — Nu ☞ Mir , and their three peculiar Problemets , Vtopat , Udobaud , and Uthophauth , are all and every one of them the same in this Mood of Erelomab , that they were in the three preceding Moods of Alamebna , Allamebne , and Amanepra ( for these are the foure Moods , which have an Angulary praenoscendall identity ) we will not need ( I hope ) to talk any more thereof in this place , seeing what hath beene already said concerning that purpose , will undoubtedly satisfie the desire of any industrious civill Reader . The praenoscendas of the Mood , or the verticall Angle , according to the nature of the Case , being by the foresaid Datas thus obtained , must needs concurre with each its correspondent first subtendent , determined by the figuratives of τ. δ. θ for finding out of the Perpendicular , of which work , Ubamen being the subservient , by whose Resolver Nag — Mu — Torp ☞ Myr , the sub-problems of Utatca , Vdaudca , and Vthauthca , are made known , if I utter any more of this purpose , I must intrench upon what I spoke before in the second operation of Allaemebne , it being the onely Mood which , with this of Erelomab , hath a verticall , and subtendentine Catheteuretick identity . The second operation being thus accomplished , the perpendicular , which is alwayes an ingredient in the third work , must joyne with one of the rere subtendents for obtaining of the illatitious terme of the maine quaesitum : or , more particularly , by the concurrence of the Perpendicular with the second subtendentine , the second subtendentall , and second Co-subtendent , according to the variety of the Case , we are to find out three verticals , which , by abstracting the first from another verticall , then by abstracting another verticall from the second , and lastly by adding the third verticall to another , afford the summe , and differences , which are the required verticals . All this being fully set downe in my comment upon the Resolutory partition of Amanepra , in which Mood the maine quaesitum is the same as here ( though otherwise endowed ) I need not any longer insist thereon . For the performance of this work , Ukelamb is the subservient , by whose Resolver Meg — To — Mu ☞ Nir , we are taught how to unfold the peculiar problemets of Wdcathaud , Wicatha● , and Wthcatheuth . All the three works being in this manner perfected , according to our accustomed method , we will shew unto you what way the last two are to be compacted in one : for the better expediting whereof , their Resolvers Nag — Mu — To ☞ Myr , and Meg — To — Mu ☞ Nir , must be explained , the first being , As the Sine complement of an Angle , to the Tangent complement of a subtendent : so the Radius , to the Tangent complement of the side required : Or , more particularly , As the Sine complement of a verticall , to the Tangent complement of a first subtendent : so the Radius , to the Tangent complement of the Perpendicular : And the second Resolver being , As the Tangent complement of a given side , to the Radius : so the Tangent complement of a subtendent , to the Sine complement of a required Angle : Or , more particularly , As the Tangent complement of the Perpendicular , to the Radius : so the Tangent complement of a first subtendent , to the Sine complement of a verticall , which ushers the quaesitum . Now , seeing it falleth forth , that the Perpendicular , which is the fourth terme in the first order of proportionals , becometh first in the second row ; and that in such an exigent ( as I proved already for illustration of the same point in the Mood of Amanepra ) the multiplyers and dividers of the first row must interchange their roomes , and consequently make the Radius ejectable , without any prejudice or hindrance to the progresse of the Analogy ; and a place being left for the Perpendicular in both the rowes , without taking the paines to find our its value , because it is but a subordinate quaesitum for obtaining of the maine , and lieth hid in the power of the three first proportionals , instead of Nag — Mu — To ☞ Myr , and Meg — To — Mu ☞ Nir , we may , with as much truth and energy , say , Mu — Nag — Mu ☞ Nir , that is , As the Tangent complement of a subtendent , to the Sine complement of an Angle : so the Tangent complement of another subtendent , to the Sine complement of another Angle : Or , more particularly , As the Tangent complement of a first subtendent , to the Sine complement of a verticall : so the Tangent complement of a second subtendent , to the Sine complement of a verticall illative to the quesitum . This proposition to the full containeth all that is in both the last operations , and , according to the number of the Cases of this Mood , is specialized into so many finall Resolvers ; the first whereof , for the first Case Dacracforaur , is Mutnat — Mwd ☞ Neud-fr*At*Aut*ir , that is , As the Tangent complement of the first subtendentall , to the sine complement of the double verticall : so the tangent complement of the second Subtendentine , to the sine complement of the second verticalin , which subtracted from the double verticall , leaves the first verticall for the Angle required . The second finall Resolver , is for Damracforeur , the second Case , and is expressed thus , Mud — Naud — Mwt ☞ Natfr*Aud*Eut*ir , that is , As the tangent complement of the first Subtendentine , to the sine complement of the first verticalin : so the tangent complement of the second Subtendentall , to the sine complement of the double verticall ; from which if you deduce the first verticalin , there will remaine the second verticall for the Angle required . The last finall Resolver is for the third Case , Dacrambatin , and is couched thus , Muth — Nauth — Mwth ☞ Neuth*jauth*ir , that is , As the tangent complement of the first co-subtendent , to the sine complement of the first co-verticall : so the Tangent complement of the second co-subtendent , to the sine complement of the second co-verticall , which , joyned to the first co-verticall , affordeth the Angle required . The proofe of the veritie of all these Analogies , is taken out of the second Disergetick Amblygonosphericall Axiome , Naverprortes , the second Determinater of whose Directorie sheweth , that this Mood is one of its dependents ; and with reason , because of the reciprocall Analogie , that amongst its termes is perceivable betwixt the Tangents of the verticall sides , which in this Mood are alwayes first subtendents , and the sine-complements of the verticall Angles ; that is tosay ( according to the literal meaning of my finall Resolvers of this Mood ) the direct proportion that is betwixt the tangent-complements of the verticall sides , or rere subtendents , & the sine-complements of the vertical Angles , for the proportion is the same with that , wherof I have told you somewhat already in the Mood of Allamebme , the fellow dependent of Erelomab . The second Mood of Eherolabme , fourth of the Laterals , eighth of the Sphericobliquangularie Disergeticks , twelfth of the Loxogonosphericalls , eight and twentieth of the Sphericals , and one and fourtieth or last of the Triangulars , is Errelome , which comprehendeth all those obliquangularie Problems , wherein two sides being given with an opposite Angle , the third side is required , which side is alwayes either one of the segments of the Base , or the Base it selfe : to the knowledge of all which , that we may reach with ease , we must perpend the generall Maxim of the Cathetothesis of this Mood , which is Cacurgyq that is to say , the Perpendiculars demission , in all the Cases of Errelome , must be from the concurse of the given sides , upon the side required , continued , if need be . The Plus-minus of this Mood is Sindiforiu , which importeth , that if the Perpendicular fall internally , the summe of the segments of the Base , or the totall Base , is the side demanded : and if it fall without , the difference of the Bases ( the little Base , being alwayes but a segment of the greater ) is the maine quaesitum . The Mood of Ammanepreb is sindiforated in the same manner as this is ; because the maine Quaesitas , and fourth proportionals of both doe in nothing differ , but that those are sinused , and these run upon sine-complements . The prosiliencie of the Perpendicular in all sphericall Disergeticks , being so necessary to be knowne ( as I have often told you ) because of the facility thereby to reduce them to Rectangulary operations , it falleth out most conveniently here , according to the method proposed to my selfe , to speak somewhat of the three severall Tenets of the Cathetothesis of this Mood , and what is understood by Dakyxamfor , Dambyxamfor , and Dakypambin . Dakyxamfor , which is the Tenet of the first Case , declareth , that if the proposed Angle be acute , and the side required conterminate with an obtuse Angle , the demission of the Perpendicular is extrinsecall . Dambyxamfor , the Tenet of the second Case , importeth , that if the given Angle be obtuse , and that the side required be annexed thereto , the Perpendicular must , as in the last , fall outwardly . Thirdly , Dakypambin , the Tenet of the last Case , signifieth , that if the angle proposed be sharp , & that the demanded side be subjacent to an obtuse or blunt Angle , the Perpendicular falleth inwardly . Having thus proceeded in the enumeration of the Cathetothetick Tenets of this Mood , according to the manner by me observed in those of all the former Disergeticks , save the first , I am confident the Reader ( if he hath perused all the Tractat untill this place ) will not think strange why , Dakypambin being but the third , I should call it the Tenet of the last Case of this Mood ; for though in Alamebna I spoke somewhat of every Amblygonosphericall Disergetick Moods generall Cathetothetick maximes division into foure especiall Tenets , appropriable to so many severall Cases : yet the fourth Case , viz. that wherein all the Angles are homogeneall , whether blunt or sharp , not being limited to any one Mood , but adaequatly extended to all the eight , it seemed to me more expedient to let its generality be known by mentioning it once or twice , then ( by doing no more in effect ) to make superfluous repetitions ; and , as in the first Disergetick Case , for the Readers instruction , I did under the name of Simomatin , explicate the nature thereof : so , for his better remembrance , have I choosed rather to shut up my Cathetothetick comment with the same discourse wherewith I did begin it , then unnecessarily to weary him with frequent reiterations , and a tedious rehearsall of one and the same thing in all the six severall intermediat Moods . It is not amisse now , that the perpendicularity of this Mood is discussed , to consider what the praenoscendas thereof are , or the Quaesitas of the first operation : but , as I said in the last Mood , that there is no need to insist so long upon the explication of those praenoscendas , whereof ample relation hath beene already made in some of my Proturgetick comments , as upon those others , which , for being altogether different from such as have beene formerly mentioned , claim ( by the law of parity , in their imparity ) right to a large discourse apart , I will confine my pen upon this subject , within those prescribed bounds , and seeing the first Basal , the first Basidion , and first Co-base , together with the Datas , whereby they are found out , viz. for the side , the first subtendentall , the first subtendentine , and the first co subtendent ; and for the Angle the prime Cathetopposite , the next Cathetopposite , and the first Co-cathetopposite ( the Datas being both for side and Angle the same here , that they were in the former Mood ) then the Subservient Ubamen , and its Resolver Torp — Mu — Lag ☞ Myr , with the three peculiar Problemets thereto belonging , Utopat , Vdobaed , and Vthophaeth , are all and every one of them the same in this Mood of Errelome , that they were in the three foregoing Moods of Ammanepreb , Enerablo , and Ennerable , these being the onely foure Moods which have a laterall praenoscendal identity , the Reader will not ( in my opinion ) be so prodigall of his owne labour , nor covetous of mine , that either he would put himselfe , or me to any further paines , then have beene already bestowed upon this matter by my selfe for his instruction ; and therefore , leaving it for a supposed certainty , that the Praenoscendas , or first Bases ( according to the nature of the Case ) cannot escape the Readers knowledge , by what hath beene by me delivered of them ; I purpose here to give him notice , that these foresaid first Bases must concurre with each its correspondent first Subtendent , to wit , the first subtendentall , the first subtendentine , and first co-subtendent , dignoscible by the Characteristicks of τ. δ. θ for obtaining of the Perpendicular , of which operation , Vchener being the Subservient , by whose Resolver Neg — To — Nu ☞ Nyr , the Problemets of Utaetca , Udaedca , and Uthaethca , are made manifest , as to the same effect it remaines couched in my comment upon Ennerable , which is the onely Mood , that , with this of Errelome , hath a subtendentine and Basal Catheteuretick identity . The second work being thus perfected , the perpendicular , thereby found out , is to assist one of the rere subtendents , in obtaining the illatitious terme of the maine quasitum , correspondent thereto , discernable by the Characteristicks or Figuratives of δ. τ. θ or , more plainly to expresse it , the Perpendicular must concurre ( according as the Case requires it ) with the second subtendentine , the second subtendentall , and second co-subtendent , ( as you may see in the last Mood , the Datas of the Resolutory partition whereof are the same as here ) to find out three Bases , which , by abstracting the first from another Base , then by abstracting another Base from the second ; and lastly , by adding the third Base to another , afford the summe and differences , which are the required Bases . For the performance of this operation , the same Subservient and Resolver suffice , which served for the last : so that Uchener subserveth it , by whose Resolver Neg — To — Nu ☞ Nyr , we are instructed how to explicate the Subdatoquaeres of Wdcathoed , Wtcathoet , and Wthcathoeth , or more orderly Cathwdoed , Cathwtoet , and Cathwthoeth . All the three works being thus accomplished , the manner of conflating the last two in one rests to be treated of ; for the better perfecting of which designe , the two Resolvers , or the same in its greatest generality doubled , viz. Neg — To — Nu ☞ Nyr , and Neg — To — Nu ☞ Nyr , must be interpreted : The truth is , both of them , as they sound in their vastest extent of signification , expresse the same Analogy , without any difference , which is , As the Sine complement of a given side , to the Radius : so the Sine complement of a subtendent , to the Sine complement of another side : but when more contractedly , according to the specification of the side , they doe suppone severally , they should be thus expounded ; the first , As the Sine complement of a first Base , to the totall Sine : so the Sine complement of a first subtendent to the Sine complement of the Perpendicular : and the second , As the Sine complement of the Perpendicular , to the totall Sine : so the Sine complement of a second subtendent , to the Sine complement of a second Base , which ushers the main quaesitum . Now , the Perpendicular , and Radius , being both to be expelled these two foresaid orders of proportionall termes , for the reasons which , in the last preceding Mood , and some others before it , I have already mentioned , and which to repeat ( further then that the sympathy of this place with that may be manifested in the tranf-seating of multiplyers and dividers , occasioned by the fourth terme in the first rowes , being first in the second ) is altogether unnecessary : in lieu of Neg — To — Nu ☞ Nyr , and Neg — To — Nu ☞ Nyr , we may say , with as much truth , power , and efficacie , and farre more compendiously , Nu — Ne — Nu ☞ Nyr , that is , As the Sine complement of a subtendent , to the Sine complement of a side : so the sine complement of another Subtendent , to the Sine complement of another side : Or , more particularly , and appliably to the present Analogy , As the Sine complement of a first subtendent , to the Sine complement of a first Base : so the Sine complement of a second subtendent , to the Sine complement of a second Base , illative to the quaesitum . This theorem , or proposition , comprehendeth in every point all that is in the two last operations , and , not transcending the number of the Cases of this Mood , is divided into so many finall Resolvers ; the first whereof for the first Case , Dakyxamfor is , Nut — Naet — Nwd ☞ Noedfr*Aet* Dyr , that is , As the Sine complement of the first subtendent all , to the Sine complement of the first Basall ▪ so the Sine complement of the second subtendentine , to the Sine complement of the second Base ; which subducted from the first Basal , residuats the segment that is the side required . The second finall Resolver of this Mood , and that which is for the second Case thereof , Dambyxamfor , is Nud — Naed — Nwt ☞ Noetfr*Aed* Dyr , that is , As the Sine complement of the first subtendentine , to the Sine complement of the first Basidion : so the Sine complement of the second subtendentall , to the Sine complement of the second Basall ; which , the first Basidion being subtracted from it , leaves , for Remainder , or difference , that segment of the Base , which is the side demanded . The last finall Resolver of this Mood ( belonging to the third Case , Dakypambin , as also to the fourth , Simomatin , ( if what we have already spoke of that matter will permit us to call it the fourth ) for Simomatin , together with the third Case of every Mood , is still resolved by the last finall Resolver thereof ) is Nuth — Naeth — Nwth ☞ Noethj*Aeth* Syr , that is , As the Sine complement of the first co-subtendent , to the Sine complement of the first Co-base : so the Sine complement , of the second Co-subtendent , or alterne subtendent , to the Sine complement of the second Co-base or alterne Base ; which added to the first Co-base , summes an Aggregat of subjacent sides , which is the totall Base , or side required . The fundamentall ground of the truth of these Analogies , is in the fourth and last Amblygonosphericall Axiome , Niubprodnesver ; ( as we are made to understand by the second determinater of its Directory Ennerra ) for by the direct proportion that , amongst the terms thereof , is visible , ( viz. betwixt the Sines complements of the subtendents , or Sides of the verticall Angles , and the segments of the Bases , and inversedly ) it is apparent , that this Mood doth no lesse firmely depend upon it , then that of Ennerable formerly explained . Now , with reason doe I conjecture , that , without disappointing the Reader of his expectation , I may here securely make an end of this Trigonometricall Treatise ; because of that Trissotetrall Table , which comprehendeth all the Mysteries , Axiomes , Principles , Analogies , and Precepts of the Science of Triangular Calculations , I have omitted no materiall point unexplained : yet seeing , for avoyding of prolixity , I was pleased in my comment upon the eighth Loxogonospherical Disergeticks , barely to expresse in their finall Resolvers , the Analogie of the termes , without putting my selfe to the paines I took in my Sphericorectangulars , how to order the Logarithms , , and Antilogarithms of the proportionalls , , for obtaining of the maine Quaesitas , and that by having to the full explicated the variety of the proportions of the foresaid Moods , and upon what severall Axiomes they doe depend , thereby making the way more pervious , thorough Logarithmicall difficulties , for the Readers understanding , I deliberatly proposed to my selfe this method at first , and chose , rather then dispersedly to treat of those things in the glosse ( where , by reason of the disturbed order , the correspondencie or reference to one another of these Sphericobliquangulary Datoquaeres , could not by any meanes have beene so conceivable ) to summon their appearance to the Catastrophe of this Tractat , that , having them all in a front before us , we may the more easily judge of the semblance , or dissimilitude of their proportionalities , , and what affinity , or relation , whether of parity or imparity is amongst their respective proportionall terms : all which , both for intelligibility and memory , are quicklier apprehended , and longer retained , by being accumulatively reserved to this place , then if they had beene each in its proper cell ( though never so amply ) discoursed upon apart . Here therfore , that the Reader may take a generall view at once of all the Disergetick Amblygonosphericall analogised ingredients , ready for Logarithmication , I have thought fit to set downe a List of all the eight forenamed Moods , together with the Finall Resolvers , in their amplest extent thereto belonging , in the manner as followeth . Alamebna . Say-Nag-Sa ☞ Nir Allamebne . Nag-Mu-Na ☞ Mur Amanepra . Na-Say-Nag ☞ Sir Ammanepreb . Ta-Tag-Se ☞ Syr. Enerablo . Sei-Tag-Seg ☞ Tir Ennerable . Neg-Nu-Ne ☞ Nur Erelomab . Mu-Nag-Mu ☞ Nir Errelome . Nu-Ne-Nu ☞ Nyr . These being the eight Disergeticks , attended by their Adaequat finall Resolvers , it is not amisse , that we examine them all one after another , and shew the Reader how , with the help of a convenient Logarithmicall Canon , he may easily out of the Analogie of the three first termes of each of them , frame a computation apt for the finding out of a fourth proportionall , to every severall ternarie correspondent : and so in order , beginning at the first , we will deale with Say — Nag — Sa ☞ Nir ( which is the Adaequat finall Resolver of Alamebna , and composed ( as it is appropriated to the first Mood of the Disergeticks ) of the Sines of verticals , and the Anti-sines of Cathetopposites ) and so proceed therein , that by adding to the summe of the Sine of a verticall , and Co-sine of a Cathetopposite , the Arithmetical complement of the Sine of another verticall , we will be sure ( cutting off the supernumerary digit or digits towards the left ) to obtaine the Co-sine of the Cathetopposite required , which Cathetopposites and verticals are particularised according to the Cases of the Mood . The second is , Nag — Mu — Na ☞ Mur , which , running upon the Anti-sines of verticals , and the Co-tangents of subtendent sides , sheweth , that if to the Aggregat of a first hypotenusall Co-tangent , and verticall Anti-sine , we joyne the Arithmeticall complement of the Anti-sine of another verticall , ( observing the usuall presection ) we cannot misse of the Co-tangent of the second subtendent side required , which both second , and first subtendents have their peculiar denominations , according to the Cases of the Mood . The third Resolver is , Na — Say — Nag ☞ Sir , which , being nothing else but the first inverted , runneth the same very way upon the Anti-sines of Cathetopposites , and sines of verticals : and therefore doth the unradiused summe of the Anti-sine of a Cathetopposite , the sine of a verticall , and the Arithmeticall complement of the Anti-sine of another Cathetopposite , afford the sine of the verticall , illatitious to the Angle required ; which verticals and Cathetopposites are particularised according to the variety of the Cases of this Sindiforating Mood . The fourth generall Resolver is Ta — Tag — Se ☞ Syr , which , coursing on the Tangents of all the Cathetopposites , and sines of all the Bases , evidenceth , that the summe of the Tangent of a Cathetopposite , and sine of a first Base , added to the Arithmeticall complement of the Tangent of another Cathetopposite ( unradiated ) is the sine of the second Base , illative to the segment required ; which Bases ( both first and second ) and Cathetopposites , are specialised conform to the Cases of this Sindiforiuting Mood . The fifth Resolver is , Sei — Tag — Se ☞ Tir , which , composed of the sines of the second and first Bases , and the Tangents of Cathetopposites , giveth us to know , that if to the summe of the sine of a first Base , and the Tangent of a verticall , we adde the Arithmeticall complement of the sine of a second Base , ( not omitting the usuall presection ) we cannot faile of the Tangent of the Cathetopposite required , which Cathetopposites , and Bases , both first and second , are particularised according to the Cases of the Mood . The sixth generall Resolver is , Neg — Nu — Ne ☞ Nur , which , running along the Co-sines of all the Bases and Subtendents , sheweth , that by the summe of the Co-sines of a second Base , and first subtendent joyned with the Arithmeticall complement of the Co-sine of a first Base ( if we observe the customary presection ) we find the second Subtendent required , which both first and second Subtendents , together with the first and second Bases , are all of them particularised conforme to the Cases of the Mood . The seventh Resolver is , Mu — Nag — Mu ☞ Nir , which , coursing along the Anti-tangents of first , and second Subtendents , and the Anti-sines of verticals , sheweth , that the summe of the Anti-tangent of a second Subtendent , and Anti-sine of a verticall , together with the Arithmeticall complement of the Antitangent of a first Subtendent ( the usuall presection being observed ) is the Anti-tangent of that verticall , which ushers in the verticall required ; all which , both Verticals , and Subtendents , both first , and second , have their peculiar denominations conforme to the Cases of this Sindiforating Mood . The eighth and last generall Resolver is , Nu — Ne — Nu ☞ Nyr , which ( running altogether upon Co-sines of Subtendents , and Bases , both first , and second of either , and is nothing else but the sixth inverted ) sheweth , that the summe of the Cosines of a second subtendent , and first Base , with the Arithmeticall complement of the co-sine of a first Subtendent , ( observing the usuall presection ) affords the Co-sine of the second Base , illatitious to the segment required ; which Bases and Subtendents , both first , and second , are peculiarly denominated according to the severall Cases of this Sindiforiuting Mood . Thus have I finished the Logarithmication of the generall Resolvers of the Loxogonosphericall Disergeticks , so farre as is requisite , wherein I often times mentioned the Arithmeticall complement of Sines , Co-sines , Tangents , and Co-tangents : and though I spoke of that purpose sufficiently in my Sphericorectangular comments , yet , for the Readers better remembrance thereof , I will once more define them here . The Arithmeticall complements of Sines are Co-secants ; of Co-sines , Secants ; of Tangents , Co-tangents ; and of Co-tangents , Tangents ; each being the others complement to the double Radius : but if such a Canon were framed , wherein the single Radius is left out of all Secants , and Tangents of major Arches , then would each be the others complement to the single Radius , and all Logarithmicall operations in questions of Trigonometry so easily performable by addition onely , that seldome would the presectionall digit exceed an unit . Having already said so much of these eight Disergeticks , I will conclude my discourse of them with a summary delineation of the eight severall Concordances which I observed amongst them ; for either they resemble one another in the Datas of their Moods , or in their Proturgetick operations , or in their dependance upon the same Axiome , or in the work of perpendicular finding , or in their Datas for the main demand , or in their materiall Quaesitas ( though diversly endowed ) or in their inversion , or lastly in their sindiforation , which affinity is onely betwixt two paires of them , as the first two amongst two quaternaries apeece , and the next five between foure couples each one , the brief hypotyposis of all which is here exposed to the view of the Reader . CONCORDANCES . Datall . Datangulary . Datolaterall . 1. Alamebna . 3. Amanepra . 1. Enerablo . 3. Erelomab . 2. Allamebne . 4. Ammanepreb . 2. Ennerable . 4. Errelome . Praenoscendall . Verticall . Basall . 1. Alamebna . 3. Amanepra . 1. Ammanepreb . 3. Ennerable . 2. Allamebne . 4. Erelomab . 2. Enerablo . 4. Errelome . Theorematick . Nabadprosver Naverprortes . Siubprortab Niubprodnesver . 1. Alamebna . 1. Allamebne . 1. Ammanepreb . 1. Ennerable . 2. Amanepra . 2. Erelomab . 2. Enerablo . 2. Errelome . Catheteuretick . Oppoverticall Hypoverticall . Oppobasall Hypobasall . 1. Alamebna . 1. Allamebne . 1. Ammanepreb . 1. Ennerable . 2. Amanepra . 2. Erelomab . 2. Enerablo . 2. Errelome . Datysterurgetick . Cathetoverticall Oppocathetall . Cathetobasall Hypocathetal . 1. Alamebna . 1. Amanepra . 1. Enerablo . 1. Erelomab 2. Allamebne . 2. Ammanepreb . 2. Ennerable . 2. Errelome . Zetetick . Cathetopposite Hypotenusall . Verticall Basall . 1. Alamebna* S. 1. Allamebne* M. 1. Amanepra* S. 1. ammanepreb . * S 2. Enerablo* T. 2. Ennerable* N. 2. Erelomab* N. 2. Errelome* N. Inversionall . Sinocosinall Sinocotangentall . Tangentosinall Cosinocosinall . 1. Alamebna . 1. Allamebne . 1. Ammanepreb . 1. Ennerable . 2. Amanepra . 2. Erelomab . 2. Enerablo . 2. Errelome . Sindiforall . Sindiforatall . Sindiforiutall . 1. Amanepra . 2. Erelomab . 1. Ammanepreb . 2. Errelome . THE EPILOGUE . WHat concerneth the resolving of all manner of Triangles , whether plain , or Sphericall , Rectangular , or Obliquangular , being now ( conform to my promise in the Title ) to the ful explained , commented on , perfected , and with all possible brevity , and perspicuity , in all its abstrusest and most difficult Secrets , from the very first principles of the Science it selfe , made manifest , proved , and convincingly demonstrated ; I will here shut up my discourse , and bring this Tractat to a period : which I may do with the more alacrity , in that I am confident , there is no Precept belonging to that faculty which is not herein included , or reducible thereto : and therefore ( I beleeve ) the judicious Reader will not be frustrate of his expectation , though by cutting the threed of my Glosse , I doe not illustrate what I have written with variety of examples ; seeing practically to treat of Triangulary calculations , in applying their doctrine to use , were to digresse from the purpose in hand , and incroach upon the subject of other Sciences ; a priviledge , which I must decline , as repugnant to the scope proposed to my selfe , in keeping this book within the speculative bounds of Trigonometry : for , as Logica utens , is the Science to the which it is applyed , and not Logick : So doth not the matter of Trigonometry , exceed the Theory of a Triangle : And as Arithmeticall , Geometricall , Astronomicall , Physicall , and Metaphysicall definitions , divisions , and argumentations , are no part of the Art that instructeth how to define , divide , and argue , nor matter incumbent to him that teacheth it : even so , by divulging this Treatise , doe I present the Reader with a Key , by meanes whereof he may enter into the chiefest treasures of the Mathematicall Sciences ; for the which , in some measure , I deserve thanks , although I help him not to unshut the Coffers wherein they lie inclosed : for , if the Lord chamberlain of the Kings houshold should give me a Key , made to open all the doores of the Court , I could not but graciously accept of it , though he did not goe along with me to try how it might fit every lock . The application is so palpable , that , not minding to insist therein , I will here stop the current of my Pen , and by a circulary conclusion , ending where I begun , certifie the Reader , that if he intend to approve himselfe an Artist in matters of Pleusiotechnie , Poliechyrologie , Cosmography , Geography , Astronomy , Geodesie , Gnomonicks , Sciography , Catoptricks , Dioptricks , and many other most exquisite Arts and Sciences , Practical and Theoretick , his surest course , for attaining to so much knowledge , is to be well versed in Trigonometry , to understand this Treatife aright , revolve all the passages thereof , ruminate on the Table , and peruse the Trissotetras . A Lexicidion of some of the hardest words , that occurre in the discourse of this institution Trigonometricall . BEing certainly perswaded , that a great many good spirits ply Trigonometry , that are not versed in the learned Tongues , I thought fit , for their encouragement , to subjoyne here the explication of the most important of those Greek , and Latin termes , which , for the more efficacy of expression , I have made use of in this Treatise : in doing whereof , that I might both instruct the Reader , and not weary him , I have endeavoured perspicuity with shortnesse : though ( I speak it ingenuously ) to have been more prolixe therin , could have cost but very little labor to me , who have already bin pretty well versed in the like , as may appear by my Etymologicall dictionary of above twenty seven thousand proper names , mentioned in the Lemmas of my severall Volums of Epigrams , the words whereof are for the most part abstruser , derived from moe Languages , and more liable to large , and ample interpretations . However ( caeteris paribus ) brevity is to be preferred ; therefore let us proceed to the Vocabulary in hand . THE LEXICIDION . A. ACute , comes from Acuo , acuere , to sharpen , and is said of an Angle , whose including sides , the more that its measure is lesse then a Quadrant , have their concursive , and angulary point the more penetrative , sharp , keen and pierceing : Whence an acutangled triangle . Adaequat , is that , which comprehendeth to the full , whatever is in the thing to the which it is compared , and for the most part in my Trissotetras is said of the generall finall Resolvers , in relation to the Moods resolved by them . It is compounded of Ad , and aequo , aequare , parem facere , to make one thing altogether like , or equall to another . Adjacent , signifieth to lie neare , and close , and is applyed both to sides , and Angles , in which sense likewise I make use of the words adjoyning the , conterminat , or conterminall with , annexed to , intercepted in , and other such like , for the more variety , as adherent , bounding , bordering , and so forth : It comes from Adjaceo , Adjacere , to lie neere unto , as the words Ad and jaceo , which are the parts whereof it is compounded , most perspicuously declare . Additionall , is said of the Line , which , in my comment , is indifferently called the Line of Addition , the Line of continuation , the extrinsecall Line , the excesse of the Secant above the Radius , the Refiduum , or the new Secant : it comes from Addo , Addere , which is compounded of Ad , and do , to put to and augment . Affection , is the nature , passion , and quality of an Angle , and consisteth either in the obtusity , acutenesse , or rectitude thereof : It is a verball from Afficio , affeci , affectum , compounded of ad , and facio . Aggregat , is the summe , totall , or result of an Addition , and is compounded of Ad , and grex ; for , as the Shepheard gathers his Sheep into a flock , so doth the Arithmetician compact his numbers to be added into a summe . Alternat , is said of Angles , made by a Line cutting two or more parallels , which Angles may be properly called so ; because they differ in nothing else but their situation ; for if the sectionary Line , to the which I suppose the parallels to be fixed , have the highest and lowest points thereof to interchange their sites , by a motion progressive towards the roome of the under Alternat , and terminating in that of the upper one , we will find , that both the inclination of the Lines towards one another , and the quality of the Angles , will , notwithstanding that alteration , be the same as before ; hence it is that they are called alternat , because there is no other difference betwixt them : or , if alternat be taken ( as arithmetically it is ) for that proportion , wherein the Antecedent is compared to the Antecedent , and the Consequent to the Consequent , the sense will likewise hold in the foresaid Angles ; for if by the parallelisme of two right Lines , cut with a third , two blunt , and two keen Angles be produced ( as must needs , unlesse the Secant line be to the parallels a perpendicular ) the keen or acute Angle will be to its complement , or successively following obtuse Angle , as the other acute unto its following obtuse ; therefore alternly , as the Antecedents are to one another , viz. the Acute to the Acute : so the Consequents , the obtuse to the obtuse . And if the Angles be right , the direct , and alternat proportion is one and the same ; the third , and fourth terms of the Analogy being in nothing different from the first , and second . Ambient , is taken for any of the legs of a rectangle , or the including , containing , or comprehending sides of the right Angle : it comes from Ambio , Ambire , which is compounded of Am and eo , i. e. circumeo : and more properly applied to both , then to any one of them , though usually it be usurped for one alone , vide Leg. Amblygonian , is said of obtuse angled Triangles , and Amblygonosphericall of obtuse sphericals : It is composed of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 angulus . Amfractuosities , are taken here for the cranklings , windings , turnings , and involutions belonging to the equisoleary Scheme ; of am and frango , quod sit quasi via crebris maeandris undequaque interrupta . Analogy , signifieth an equality of proportion , a likenesse of reasons , a conveniencie , or habitude betwixt termes : It is compounded of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , aequaliter , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ratio . Analytick , resolutory , and is said of those things that are resolved into their first principles , of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , re , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , solvo . Antilogarithm , is the Logarithm of the complement ; as for example , the Anti-logarithm of a Sine is the Logarithm of the Sine complement , vide Logarithm . Anti-secant , Anti-sine , and Anti-tangent , are the complements of the Secant , Sine , and Tangent , and are called sometime Co-secant , Co-sine , and Co-tangent : they have anti prefixed , because they are not in the same colume , and co , because they are in the next to it . Apodictick , is that , which is demonstrative , and giveth evident proofs of the truth of a conclusion ; of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , monstro , ostendo , unde 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , demonstratio . Area , is the capacity of a Figure , and whole content thereof . Arch , or Ark , is the segment of a circumference lesse then a semicircle : major Arch is above 45. degrees , a minor Arch , lesse then 45. vide Circle . Arithmeticall complement , is the difference betweene the Logarithm to be substracted , and that of the double , or single Radius . Artificiall numbers , are the Logarithms , and artificiall Sine the Logarithm of the Sine . Axiome , is a maxim , tenet , or necessary principle , whereupon the Science of a thing is grounded : it cometh from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , dignus ; because such things are worthy our knowledge . B. BAsall , adjectively is that , which belongeth to the Base , or the subjacent side , but substantively the great Base . Basangulary , is said of the Angles at the Base . Basidion , or baset , is the little Base , all which come from the Greek word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Basiradius , is the totall Sine of that Arch , a Segment whereof is the Base of the proposed sphericall Triangle . Bisected , and Bisegment , are said of lines cut into two equall parts : it comes from biseco , bisecare , bisectum , bisegmen . Bluntnesse , or flatnesse , is the obtuse affection of Angles . Bucarnon , by this name is entitled the seven and fortieth proposition of the first of the elements of Euclid ; because of the oxe , or , ( as some say ) the hecatomb which Pythagoras , for gladnesse of the invention , sacrificed unto the gods : of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , bos , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , vicissim aliquid capio ; they being ( as it is supposed ) well pleased with that acknowledgement of his thankfulnesse for so great a favour , as that was , which he received from them : you may see the proposition in the seventeenth of my Apodicticks . C. CAnon , is taken here for the Table of Sines and Tangents , or of their Logarithms : it properly signifieth the needle or tongue of a balance , and metaphorically a rule , whereby things are examined . Cases , are the parts wherein a Mood is divided from cado . Cathetos , is a Perpendicular line , from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , demitto , of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Catheteuretick , is concerning the finding out of the Perpendicular of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , invenio . Cathetobasall , is said of the Concordances of Loxogonosphericall Moods , in the Datas of the Perpendicular , and the Base , for finding out of the maine quaesitum . Cathetopposite , is the Angle opposite to the Perpendicular ; it is a hybrid or mungrell word , composed of the Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and Latin oppositus . Cathetorabdos , or Cathetoradius , is the totall Sine of that Arch , a Segment whereof is the Cathetos , or Perpendicular of the proposed Orthogonosphericall . Cathetothesis , and cathetothetick are said of the determinat position of the Perpendicular , which is sometimes expressed by cathetology , instructing us how it should be demitted : of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , pono , colloco . Cathetoverticall , is said of the Concordances of Loxogonosphericall Moods in the Datas of the perpendicular , and the verticall Angle in the last operation . Catoptrick , the Science of perspective , from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , perspicio , cerno . Characteristick , is said of the letters , which are the notes and marks of distinction , called sometimes figuratives , or determinaters , from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , sculpo , imprimo . Circles , great circles are those which bisect the Sphere , lesser Circles those which not . Circular parts , are in opposition to the reall and naturall parts of a Triangle . Circumjacent , things which lie about , of circum and jaceo . Coalescencie , a growing together , a compacting of two things in one ; it is said of the last two operations of the Loxogonosphericals conflated into one , from coalesco or coalco , of con and alo . Cobase , a fellow Base , or that which with another Base hath a common Perpendicular , of con and basis . Cocathetopposite , is said of two , Angles at the Base , opposite to one and the same Cathetos . Coincidence , a falling together upon the same thing , from coincido , of con , and incido , ex in , & cado . Comment , is an interpretation , or exposition of a thing , and comes from comminiscor , comminisci , mentionem facere . Compacted , joyned , and knit together , put in one ; from compingo , compegi , compactum , vide Coalescencie . Complement , signifieth the perfecting that which a thing wanteth , and usually is that , which an Angle or a Side wanteth of a Quadrant , or 90. degrees : and of a Semicircle , or 180. from compleo , complere , to fill up . Concurse , is the meeting of lines , or of the sides of a Triangle , from concurro , concursum . Conflated , compacted , joyned together , from conflo , conflatum , conflare , to blow together , vide Inchased . Consectary , is taken here for a Corollary , or rather a secondary Axiome , which dependeth on a prime one , & being deduced from it , doth necessarily follow . From consector , consectaris , the frequentative of consequor . Consound , to sound with another thing ; it is said of consonants , which have no vocality without the help of the vowell . Constitutive , is said of those things , which help to frame , make , and build up : From constituo , of con and statuo . Constitutive sides , the ingredient sides of a Triangle . Constructive parts , are those , whereof a thing is built , and framed : From construo , constructum , to heap together , and build up , of con and strues . Conterminall , is that which bordereth with , and joyneth to a thing , of con and terminus , vide Adjacent , or Insident . Cordes , and cordall , are said of subtenses metaphorically ; because the Arches and subtenses are as the bow and string : chorda , comes of the Greek word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , intestinum , ilia , quia ex illis chordae conficiuntur . Correctangle , that is one which , with another rectangle , hath a common Perpendicular . Correspondent , that which answereth with , and hath a reference to another thing , of con and respondeo . Cosinocosinall , is said of the Concordances of Loxogonosphericall Moods , agreeing , in that the termes of their finall Resolvers run upon Cosines . Cosmography , is taken here for the Science whereby is described the celestiall Globe , of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Cosubtendent , is the subtendent of a correctangle , or that which with another is substerned to two right Angles , made by the demission of one and the same Perpendicular . Coverticall , is the fellow top Angle , from whence the Perpendicular falleth . D. DAta , is said of the parts of a Triangle , which are given us , whether they be sides or Angles , or both , of do , datum , dare . Datimista , are those Datas , which are neither Angles onely , nor sides onely , but Angles , and sides intermixedly : of data , and mista , from misceo . Datangulary , is said of the Concordances of those Moods , for the obtaining of whose Praenoscendas , we have no other Datas , but Angles , unto the foresaid Moods common . Datapurall , comes from datapura , which be those Datas , that are either meerly Angles , or meerly sides . Datolaterall , is said of the Concordances of those Moods , for the obtaining of whose Praenoscendas , the same sides serve for Datas . Datoquaere , is the very Problem it selfe , wherein two or three things are given , and a third or fourth required , as by the composition of the word appears . Datisterurgetick , is said of those Moods which agree in the Datas of the last work : of data , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , postremum , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , opus . Demission , is a letting fall of the Perpendicular : from demitto ; demissum . Determinater , is the characteristick or figurative letter of a directory : from determinare , to prescribe and limit . Diagonall , taken substantively , or diagonie , is a line drawn from one Angle to another , of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 what the diagonie is in surfaces , the axle is in solids . Diagrammatise , to make a Scheme or Diagram , from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , delineo . Diatyposis , is a briefe summary description , and delineation of a thing : or the couching of a great deale of matter , for the instruction of the Reader , in very little bounds , and in a most neat and convenient order : from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , instituo , item melius dispono , vide 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Diodot , is Pythagorases Bucarnon , or the gift bestowed on him by the gods : of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , the genitive of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , datus , from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , do , vide Bucarnon . Dioptrick , the art of taking heights and distances , from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 pervidendo , altitudinem dimensionemque turrium & murorum exploro . Directly , is said of two rowes of proportionals , where the first terme of the first row , is to the first of the second , as the last of the first , is to the last of the second . Directory , is that which pointeth out the Moods dependent on an Axiome . Discrepant , different , dissonant , id est , diverso modo crepare . Disergeticks , of two operations , of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Document , instruction , from doceo . E. ELucidation , a clearing , explaining , resolving of a doubt , and commenting on some obscure passage , from elucido , elucidare . Energie , efficacie , power , force ; from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , qui in opere est , of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , opus . Enodandum , that which is to be resolved and explicated , declared , and made manifest , from enodo , enodare , to unknit , or cut away the knot . Equation , or rather aequation , a making equall , from aequo , aequare . Equiangularity , is that affection of Triangles , whereby their Angles are equall . Equicrurall , is said of Triangles , whose legs or shanks are equall ; of aequale , and crus , cruris ; leg being taken here for the thigh and leg . Equilaterall , is said of Triangles , which have all their sides , shanks , or legs equall , of aequale and latus , lateris . Equipollencie , is a samenesse , or at least an equality of efficacie , power , vertue , and energie ; of aequus and polleo . Equisolea , and Equisolearie , are said of the grand Orthogono sphericall Scheme ; because of the resemblance it hath with a horse-shooe , and may in that sense be to this purpose applied with the same metaphoricall congruencie , whereby it is said , that the royall army at Edge-hill was imbatteld in a half-moon . Equivalent , of as much worth and vertue , of aequus and valeo . Erected , is said of Perpendiculars , which are set or raised upright upon a Base , from erigere , to raise up , or set aloft . Externall , extrinsecall , exteriour , outward , or outer , are said oftest of Angles , which being without the Area of a Triangle , are comprehended by two of its shanks meeting or cutting one another , accordingly as one or both of them are protracted beyond the extent of the figure . F. FAciendas , are the things which are to be done : faciendum is the gerund of facio . Figurative , is the same thing as Characteristick , and is applied to those letters which doe figure and point us out a resemblance and distinction in the Moods . Figures , are taken here for those partitions of Trigonometry , which are divided into Moods . Flat , is said of obtuse , or blunt Angles . Forwardly , is said of Analogies , progressive from the first terme to the last . Fundamentall , is said of reasons , taken from the first grounds and principles of a Science . G. GEodesie , the Art of Surveying , of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , terra , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , divido , partior . Geography , the Science of the Terrestriall Globe , of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 terra , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , describo . Glosse , signifieth a Commentary , or explication , it cometh from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Gnomon , is a Figure lesse then the totall square , by the square of a Segment : or , according to Ramus , a Figure composed of the two supplements , and one of the Diagonall squares of a Quadrat . Gnomonick , the Art of Dyalling , from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , the cock of a Dyall . Great Circles , vide Circles . H. HOmogeneall , and Homogeneity , are said of Angles of the same kind , nature , quality , or affection : from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , communio generis . Homologall , is said of sides congruall , correspondent , and agreeable , viz. such as have the same reason or proportion from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , similis ratio . Hypobasall , is said of the Concordances of those Loxogonosphericall Moods , which , when the Perpendicular is demitted , have for the Datas of their second operation the same Subtendent and Base . Hypocathetall , is said of those which for the Datas of their third operation have the same Subtendent and Perpendicular . Hypotenusall , is said of Subtendent sides , from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Hypotyposis , a laying downe of severall things before our eyes at one time , from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , oculis subjicio , delineo , & repraesento , vide 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Hypoverticall , is said of Moods , agreeing in the same Catheteuretick Datas of subtendent and verticall , as the Analysis of the word doth shew . I IDentity , a samenesse , from idem , the same . Illatitious , or illative , is said of the terme which bringeth in the quaesitum , from infero , illatum . Inchased , coagulated , fixed in , compacted , or conflated , is said of the last two Loxogonosphericall operations put into one , vide Compacted , Conflated , and Coalescencie . Including sides , are the containing sides of an Angle of what affection soever it be , vide , Ambients , Legs , &c. Individuated , brought to the lowest division , vide , Specialised , and Specification . Indowed , is said of the termes of an Analogie , whether sides , or Angles , as they stand affected with Sines , Tangents , Secants , or their complements , vide Invested . Ingredient , is that which entreth into the composition of a Triangle , or the progresse of an operation , from ingredior , of in and gradior . Initiall , that which belongeth to the beginning , from initium , ab ineo , significante incipio . Insident , is said of Angles , from insideo , vide Adjacent , or Conterminall . Interjacent , lying betwixt , of inter and jaceo ; it is said of the Side or Angle betweene . Intermediat , is said of the middle termes of a proportion . Inversionall , is said of the Concordances of those Moods which agree in the manner of their inversion ; that is in placing the second and fourth termes of the Analogy , together with their indowments , in the roomes of the first and third , and contrariwise . Invested , is the same as indowed , from investio , investire . Irrationall , are those which are commonly called surd numbers , and are inexplicable by any number whatsoever , whether whole , or broken . Isosceles , is the Greek word of equicrurall , of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , crus . L. LAterall , belonging to the sides of a Triangle from latus , lateris . Leg , is one of the including sides of an Angle , two sides of every Triangle being called the Legs , and the third , the Base ; the Legs therefore or shankes of an Angle are the bounds insisting or standing upon the Base of the Angle . Line of interception , is the difference betwixt the Secant , and the Radius , and is commonly called the residuum . Logarithms , are those artificiall numbers , by which , with addition and subtraction onely , we work the same effects , as by other numbers , with multiplication and division : of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ratio , proportio , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , numerus . Logarithmication , is the working of an Analogy by Logarithms , without having regard to the old laborious way of the naturall Sines , and Tangents ; we say likewise Logarithmicall and Logarithmically , for Logarithmeticall , and Logarithmetically ; for by the syncopising of et , the pronunciation of those words is made to the eare more pleasant : a priviledge warranted by all the dialects of the Greek , and other the most refined Languages in the world . Loxogonosphericall , is said of oblique sphericals , of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , obliquus , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ad sphaeram pertinens , from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , globus . M. MAjor and Minor Arches , vide Arch. Maxim , an axiome , or principle , called so ( from maximus ) because it is of greatest account in an Art or Science , and the principall thing we ought to know . Meane , or middle proportion , is that , the square whereof is equall to the plane of the extremes : and called so because of its situation in the Analogy . Mensurator , is that , whereby the illatitious terme is compared , or measured with the maine quaesitum . Monotropall , is said of figures , which have one onely Mood , of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 ▪ from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Monurgeticks , are said of those Moods , the maine Quaesitas whereof are obtained by one operation , of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Moods , aetermine unto us the severall manners of Triangles , from modus , a way , or manner . N. NAturall , the naturall parts of a Triangle , are those of which it is compounded , and the circular , those whereby the maine quaesitum is found out . Nearest ▪ or next , is said of that Cathetopposite Angle , which is immediatly opposite to the perpendicular . Notandum , is set downe for an admonition to the Reader , of some remarkable thing to follow , and is the Gerund of Noto , notare . O. OBlique , and obliquangulary , are said of all Angles that are not right . Oblong , is a parallelogram , or square more long them large : from oblongus , very long . Obtuse , and obtuse angled , are said of flat , and blunt Angles . Occurse , is a meeting together , from occurro , occursum , Oppobasall , is said of those Moods , which have a Catheteuretick Concordance in their Datas of the same Cathetopposite Angles , and the same Bases . Oppocathetall , is said of those Loxogonosphericals which have a Datisterurgetick Concordance in their Datas of the same Angles at the Base , and the Perpendicular . Oppoverticall , is said of those Moods which have a Catheteuretick Concordance in their Datas of the same Cathetopposites , and verticall Angles . Orthogonosphericall , is said of right angled Sphericals , of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , rectus , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , angulus , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , gobus . Oxygonosphericall , is said of acute-angled sphericals , of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . P. PArallelisme , is a Parallel , equality of right lines , cut with a right line , or of Sphericals with a Sphericall , from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , equidistans of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Parallelogram , is an oblong , long square , rectangle , or figure made of parallel lines : of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , linea . Partiall , is said of enodandas depending on severall Axioms . Particularise , specialise , by some especiall difference to contract the generality of a thing . Partition , is said of the severall operations of every Loxogonosphericall Mood , and is divided in praenoscendall , catheteuretick and hysterurgetick . Permutat proportion , or proportion by permutation , or alternat proportion , is when the Antecedent is compared to the Antecedent , and the Consequent to the Consequent , vide , Perturbat . Perpendicularity , is the affection of the Perpendicular , or plumb-line ; which comes from perpendendo , id est , explorando altitudinem . Perturbat , is the same as permutat , and called so because the order of the Analogie is perturbed . Planobliquangular , is said of plaine Triangles , wherein there is no right Angle at all . Planorectangular , is said of plaine right-angled Triangles . Planotriangular , is said of plaine Triangles , that is , such as are not Sphericall . Pleuseotechnie , the Art of Navigation , of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , navigatio , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ars . Plusminused , is said of Moods which admit of Mensurators or whose illatitious termes are never the same , but either more or lesse then the maine quaehtas . Poliechyrologie , the Art of fortifying Townes and Cities , of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , urbs , civit as 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , munio firmo , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , ratio . Possubservient , is that which after another serveth for the resolving of a question ; of post , and subserviens : of sub and servio . Potentia , is that wherein the force and whole result of another thing lies . Power , is the square , quadrat , or product of a line extended upon it selfe , or of a number in it selfe multiplied . Powered , squared quadrified . Precept , document , from praecipio , praeceptum . Praeroscenda , are the termes , which must be knowne before we can attaine to the knowledge of the maine quaesitas of prae and nosco . Praenoscendall , is said of the Concordances of those Moods , which agree in the same praenoscendas . Praesection , praesectionall , is concerning the digit towards the left , whose cutting off saveth the labour of subtracting the double or single Radius . Praescinded problems , are those speculative Datoquaeres , which are not applied to any matter by way of practice . Praesubservient , is said of those Moods which in the first place we must make use of for the explanation of others ; of prae , and ●ub●ervio . Prime , is said of the furthest Cathetopposite , or Angle at the Base , contained within the Triangle to be resolved . Primifie the Radius , is to put the Radius in the first place , primumque inter terminos collocare proportionales . Problem , problemet , a question or datoquaere , from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , unde 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 propositum , objectaculum . Product , is the result , factus , or operatum of a multiplication , from produco , productum . Proportion , proportionality , are the same as Analogy , and Analogisme ; the first being a likenesse of termes , the other of proportions . Proposition , a proposed sentence , whether theorem or problem . Prosiliencie , is a demission , or falling of the Perpendicular , from prosilio , ex pro & salio . Proturgetick , is said of the first operation of every Disergetick Mood , of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , the 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 being Attically contracted into 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 . Q. QUadrant , the fourth part of a Circle . Quadranting , the protracting of a Sphericall side unto a Quadrant . Quadrat , a Square , a forma quadrae , the power or possibility of a line , vide , Power . Quadrobiquadraequation , concerneth the Square of the subtendent side , which is equall to the Biquadrat , or two Squares of the Ambients . Quadrosubduction , is concerning the subtracting of the Square of one of the Ambients from the Square of the Subtendent . Quaesitas , the things demanded from quaero ▪ quaesitum . Quotient , is the result of a division , from quoties , how many times . R. RAdically meeting , is said of those Oblongs , or Squares , whose sides doe meet together . Radius , ray , or beame is the Semidiameter , called so metaphorically , from the spoake of a wheele which is to the limb thereof , as the Semidiameter , to the circumference of a circle . Reciprocall , is said of proportionalities , or two rowes of proportionals , wherein the first of the first is to the first of the second , as the last of the second is to the last of the first , and contrarily . Rectangular , is said of those figures , which have right Angles . Refinedly , is said when we go the shortest way to work by primifying the Radius . Renvoy , a remitting from one place to another , it comes from the French word Renvoyer . Representative , is said of the letters , which stand for whole words ; as E. for side , L. for secant , U. for subtendent . Residuat , is to leave a remainder , nempe id quod residet & superest . Resolver , is that which looseth and untieth the knot of a difficulty , of re and solvo . Resolutory , is said of the last partition of the Loxogonosphericall operations . Result , is the last effect of a work . Root , is the side of a Square , Cube , or any cossick figure . S. SCheme , signifieth here the delineation of a Geometricall figure , with all parts necessary for the illustrating of a demonstration , from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , habeo . Sciography , the Art of shadowing , of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , umbra , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , scribo . Segment , the portion of a thing cut off , quasi secamentum , quod a re aliqua secatur . Sexagesimat , subsexagesimat , resubsexagesimat , and biresubsexagesimat , are said of the division , subdivision , resubdivision , and reer-resubdivision of degrees into minuts , seconds , thirds , and fourths , in 60. of each other : the devisor of the fore goer being successively the following dividend , and the quotient alwayes sixty . Sharp , is said of acute Angles . Sindiforall , is said of those Moods , the fourth terme of whose Analogie is onely illatitious to the maine quaesitum . Sindiforation , is the affection of those foresaid Moods , whereby the value of the mensurator is knowne . Sindiforatall , is concerning those Moods , whose illatitious terme is an Angle . Sindiforiutall , is of those Moods , whose illatitious terme is a side ; all these foure words are composed of representatives , and ( if I remember well ) mentioned in my explanation . Sinocosinall , is said of the Concordances of those Moods , which agree in this , that their Analogies run upon sines , and sine-complements . Sinocotangentall , is said of those Moods , which agree in that the termes of their Analogie run upon Sines and Tangent-complements . Sinus , is so called ( I beleeve ) because it is alwayes in the very bosome of the Circle . Sinused , is said of termes endowed or invested with Sines . Specialized , contracted to more particular termes , vide , Individuated . Specifying , determinating , particularising . Specification , a making more especiall , by contracting the generality of a thing , vide , Specialized . Sphericodisergeticks , are the Sphericall Triangles of two operations . Structure of an operation , is the whole frame thereof , from struo , structum . Subdatoquaere , is a particular datoquaere , and is applied to the problems of the cases of every Sphericodisergetick Mood , vide , Sub-problems . Sabajcent , is the substerned side or the Base , of sub & jaceo , vide , Sustentative , Sustaining side and Substerned . Subordinate problems , is the same with subdatoquaere . Subproblems , is the same with subordinate problems , or problemets . Subservient , is said of Moods which serve in the operation of other Moods . Substerned , is the subjacent side or Base : or , more generally , any side opposite to an Angle ; of sub and sterno , sternere , vide , Subjacent . Subtendent , is the side opposite to the right Angle , of sub and tendo ; as if you would say , Under-stretched . Subtendentine , is the subtendent of a little rectangled Triangle , comprehended within the Area of a great one , and is sometimes called the little subtendent , and reere subtendent . Subtendent all , is the subtendent of a great rectangled Triangle , within whose capacity is included a little one : it is likewise called the great subtendent , and maine subtendent . Supernumerary , is said of the digit , by the which the proposed number exceeds in places the number of the places of the Radius . Supplements , are the Oblongs made of the Segments of the root of a Square ; and so called , because they supply all that the Diagonals or Squares of the Segments joyned together , want of the whole lines square . Suppone severally , is to signifie severall things . Sustaining side is the substerned , or subjacent side . Sustentative , is the same with sustaining , substerned , subjacent and Base . Sympathie of Angles , is a similitude in their affection , of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , passio , vide homogeneall . T. TAble , is an Index sometimes , and sometimes it is taken for a Briefe and summary way of expressing many things . Tangentine , is that which concerneth Tangents or touch-lines . Tangentosinall , is said of the Concordance of those Loxogonosphericals , the termes of whose Analogie runne upon Tangents and Sines . Tenet , is a secondary maxim , and is onely said here of Cathetothetick principles . Theorematick , speculative , from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , a speculation , which cometh from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , speculare , or contemplare . Topanglet , and verticalin are the same . Trigonometry , is the Art of calculating , and measuring of Triangles , of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , triangulus , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , metior . Trissotetras , is that which runneth all along upon threes and foures of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , and in plurali , 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , tertius , trinus , triplex , tres , and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , numerus quaternarius , from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , quatuor . U. VAriator , is from vario , variare , to diver sifie , and is said of cases , which upon the same Datas are onely diverse in the manner of resolving the Quaesitum . Verticaline , verticall , verticalet , are the top-angles , and top-anglets , from vertex , verticis . Underproblem , problemet , subordinate problem , sub-problem , under-datoquaere , and sub ▪ datoquaere are , all the same thing . Unradiated , or unradiused , is said of a summe of Logarithms from which the Radius is abstracted . Z. ZEterick , is said of Loxogonosphericall Moods which agree in the same quaesitas , from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 , quaero , inquiro . The finall Conclusion . IF the novelty of this my Invention be acceptable ( as I doubt not but it will ) to the most Learned , and judicious Mathematicians , I have already reaped all the benefit I expected by it , and shall hereafter , ( God willing ) without hope of any further recompence , cheerfully under-goe more laborious employments , of the like nature , to doe them service : But as for such , who , either understanding it not , or vain-gloriously being accustomed to Criticise on the Works of others , will presume to carp therein at what they cannot amend , I pray God to illuminate their Judgements , and rectifie their Wils , that they may know more , and censure lesse ; for so by forbearing detraction , the venom whereof must needs reflect upon themselves , they will come to approve better of the endeavours of those , that wish them no harme . Sit Deo Gloria . The Diorthosis . THe mistakes of the Presse , can breed but little obstruction to the progresse of the ingenious Reader , if with his Pen , before he enter upon the perusall of this Treatise , he be pleased thus to correct ( as I hope he will ) these ensuing Erratas . Pag. lin . Errata . Emendata . Pag. lin . Errata . Emendata . 8 25 Talfagro Talzo . Talfagros Talzos . 16 25 This Cheme . the Schemes & dining room totall summe . 10 17 Niubprodesver . Niubprodnesver . 16 31 or dining roome totall Sine .   11 29 Natfr . Autir . Natfr . Eutir . 23 23     11 35 Nat. Nad Nath. Naet . Naed . Naeth . 26 6 as the Sine of the cosubtendent . as the cosubtendent . 11 36 Eheromabme . Eherolabme .         11 37 Being Allotted . Being abinarie allotted .       second basidion . 16 8     80 9 second Base .   What errors else ( if any ) have slipt animadversion ( besides their not being very materiall ) are so intelligible , that being by the easiest judgement with as much facility eschewable , as I can observe them , not to mention the commission of such faults is no great omission ; and therefore will I heartily ( without further ceremony ) conduct the Student ( who making this the beginning of the Book , as it is most fit he doe , seeing a Ruler should be made streight before any thing be ruled by it ) is willing to go along with me from hence circularly through the title , to the end of the Treatise in the proposed way , as followes . And so God blesse us both .