The whole aphorismes of great Hippocrates, prince of physicians translated into English for the benefit of such as are ignorant of the Greek & Latine tongs ; vvhereunto is annexed a short discourse of the nature & substance of the eye, with many excellent & approued remedies for the cure of most the diseases thereof ; with an exact table shewing the substance of every aphorism. Aphorisms. English. 1610 Hippocrates. 1610 Approx. 143 KB of XML-encoded text transcribed from 115 1-bit group-IV TIFF page images. Text Creation Partnership, Ann Arbor, MI ; Oxford (UK) : 2008-09 (EEBO-TCP Phase 1). A03400 STC 13521 ESTC S122586 38160809 ocm 38160809 29338 This keyboarded and encoded edition of the work described above is co-owned by the institutions providing financial support to the Early English Books Online Text Creation Partnership. This Phase I text is available for reuse, according to the terms of Creative Commons 0 1.0 Universal . The text can be copied, modified, distributed and performed, even for commercial purposes, all without asking permission. Early English books online. (EEBO-TCP ; phase 1, no. A03400) Transcribed from: (Early English Books Online ; image set 29338) Images scanned from microfilm: (Early English books, 1475-1640 ; 1928:11) The whole aphorismes of great Hippocrates, prince of physicians translated into English for the benefit of such as are ignorant of the Greek & Latine tongs ; vvhereunto is annexed a short discourse of the nature & substance of the eye, with many excellent & approued remedies for the cure of most the diseases thereof ; with an exact table shewing the substance of every aphorism. Aphorisms. English. 1610 Hippocrates. Grapheus, Benvenutus. De oculis eorumque egritudinibus et curis. S. H. [22], 198, [4] p. Printed by H. L. for Richard Redmer and are to bee solde at the great West-doore of Pauls, at the signe of the Star, At London, 1610. Dedicatory epistle signed by S. H., the editor, probable translator of the Aphorisms. According to E. Arber's A transcript of the registers of the Company of Stationers of London, 1554-1640 [New York, P. Smith, 1950] vol. 3, p. 200, the book was "... translated into Englishe, devided into 8 books by FF: B. Doctor of phisique." Signatures: A¹¹, B-I¹², K⁶ (last leaf blank). Reproduction of original in: Henry E. Huntington Library and Art Gallery. "The life of Hippocrates": [4] p. at end. Created by converting TCP files to TEI P5 using tcp2tei.xsl, TEI @ Oxford. Re-processed by University of Nebraska-Lincoln and Northwestern, with changes to facilitate morpho-syntactic tagging. Gap elements of known extent have been transformed into placeholder characters or elements to simplify the filling in of gaps by user contributors. EEBO-TCP is a partnership between the Universities of Michigan and Oxford and the publisher ProQuest to create accurately transcribed and encoded texts based on the image sets published by ProQuest via their Early English Books Online (EEBO) database (http://eebo.chadwyck.com). The general aim of EEBO-TCP is to encode one copy (usually the first edition) of every monographic English-language title published between 1473 and 1700 available in EEBO. EEBO-TCP aimed to produce large quantities of textual data within the usual project restraints of time and funding, and therefore chose to create diplomatic transcriptions (as opposed to critical editions) with light-touch, mainly structural encoding based on the Text Encoding Initiative (http://www.tei-c.org). The EEBO-TCP project was divided into two phases. The 25,363 texts created during Phase 1 of the project have been released into the public domain as of 1 January 2015. Anyone can now take and use these texts for their own purposes, but we respectfully request that due credit and attribution is given to their original source. Users should be aware of the process of creating the TCP texts, and therefore of any assumptions that can be made about the data. Text selection was based on the New Cambridge Bibliography of English Literature (NCBEL). If an author (or for an anonymous work, the title) appears in NCBEL, then their works are eligible for inclusion. Selection was intended to range over a wide variety of subject areas, to reflect the true nature of the print record of the period. In general, first editions of a works in English were prioritized, although there are a number of works in other languages, notably Latin and Welsh, included and sometimes a second or later edition of a work was chosen if there was a compelling reason to do so. Image sets were sent to external keying companies for transcription and basic encoding. Quality assurance was then carried out by editorial teams in Oxford and Michigan. 5% (or 5 pages, whichever is the greater) of each text was proofread for accuracy and those which did not meet QA standards were returned to the keyers to be redone. After proofreading, the encoding was enhanced and/or corrected and characters marked as illegible were corrected where possible up to a limit of 100 instances per text. Any remaining illegibles were encoded as s. Understanding these processes should make clear that, while the overall quality of TCP data is very good, some errors will remain and some readable characters will be marked as illegible. Users should bear in mind that in all likelihood such instances will never have been looked at by a TCP editor. The texts were encoded and linked to page images in accordance with level 4 of the TEI in Libraries guidelines. Copies of the texts have been issued variously as SGML (TCP schema; ASCII text with mnemonic sdata character entities); displayable XML (TCP schema; characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or text strings within braces); or lossless XML (TEI P5, characters represented either as UTF-8 Unicode or TEI g elements). Keying and markup guidelines are available at the Text Creation Partnership web site . eng Medicine -- Early works to 1800. 2007-11 TCP Assigned for keying and markup 2007-11 Apex CoVantage Keyed and coded from ProQuest page images 2007-12 Emma (Leeson) Huber Sampled and proofread 2007-12 Emma (Leeson) Huber Text and markup reviewed and edited 2008-02 pfs Batch review (QC) and XML conversion THE VVHOLE Aphorismes of great HIPPOCRATES Prince of Physicians : Faithfully translated into English for the benefit of such as are ignorant of the Greek & Latine Tongs . VVhereunto is annexed a short discourse of the nature & substance of the Eye , with ma ny excellent & approued remedies for the cure of most the disea ses thereof . With an exact Table shewing the substance of euery APHORISM . AT LONDON Printed by H. L. for Richard Redmer and are to bee solde at the great West-doore of Pauls , at the signe of the Star. 1610. TO THE WORSHIPFVLL AND his worthy friend M. TIMOTHY CHALONER , a great louer of learning . PHilostratus , a famous Philosopher , writing somtimes to a Noble young man , vseth these words : Cauendum esse ne temporis preciū sine fructu praetereat : and Nazianzenus sayth , that our time beeing but short , and yet precious , is not carelesly , and negligently to be let slip ; but that euerie man in his Place , and Calling , is to doe some good to the Countrie & Common-wealth wherein hee was borne . For which cause , I haue taken some paines in the publicatiō of these Aphorisms ; a worke very needfull to be known , and vnderstood , by all sorts of people : and as Leonardus Fucchius witnesseth , the best worke that euer Hip. compiled ; wishing that all Physicians and Chirurgions , should carrie them in their bosoms : as it is reported of Tully , concerning the Comedies of Terence , tanquam in sinu portare , & to haue them at their fingers ends . These Aphorismes were first of all written in the Greek , and since translated into Latine by many excellent and learned Physicians , and are dailie set forth with large Comments : which doth shew vnto vs their excellencie and worthinesse . For a man may by them preserue himselfe from sicknesse being in health , and being sick cure himselfe of sicknesse . Accept therfore I pray you of these Labours , which I for the benefit of my Country haue vndertaken to make common : which if you shall so do , I shall little esteem of the venemous teeth of anie carper . For , to you onely I present them as a token of my loue , & affection , which I beare vnto you : not for many fauours which I haue receiued from you , but for your many vertues and loue of learning which is known to be in you . For ( truly ) I doe not knowe to whome bookes may better be presented , then to those that loue books , whereof I knowe you to haue manie ; a great ritches to you , but little regarded with thousands of your rank . But I leaue to trouble you : and wishing you as many happy yeeres , as you haue vertues , I commit you to the Almightie his protection . Yours , S. H. To the vnderstanding Reader . I Doubt not ( gentle Reader ) but thou art very well acquainted with the hardnes of translation , and how vneasie it it is to translate a Greeke Authour into our english tongue , that it should carrie that grace and elegancie , as in the original . For as a fruitfull tree being remoued out of a fertile soyle , into a barren , doth rather wither ●●d become vnfruitfull , then to bring forth such and the like kinde of fruit as formerly it did ; so dooth it happen with a diuerse translation : so that the first translation cannot haue the grace of the originall , nor a second translation , that of the first , but must needs seem more harsh and barraine then the first : So I feare me it will happen with these Aphorisms , which were first written in Greeke by the Authour , and after in latine , and now as thou seest in English . Wherefore if thou dost finde any faults committed , or anie mistaking in the translation , my request is that thou wilt rather winke at a small fault , vntill it may be amended , then to carpe with Zoilus , and doe nothing thy selfe . Well , what the labour hath beene to the Translator , sapientum sit iudicium ; this I am sure , it is for thy profit if thou list , and for the benefit of all such as doe not vnderstand eyther greeke or latine . And if thou accept of this worke kindely , thou mayst haue it hereafter in better fashion , and perhaps with a Comment . In the meane time vse these , and let the Translator haue thy good word : and so fare thou well . An exact Table , shewing euery Aphorisme per taining to euery Disease . Of sicknesse of the Head. REade Aphorisme 71. Sect 4. 64 , 5. 67 , 5. 40 , 2. 5 , 6. 7 , 6. 10 , 6. 22 , 6. 51 , 6. Lethargie read 20. 7. dead sleep . 1 , 2. Ouermuch waking . 3 , 2. Apoplexie 57 , 6. 42 , 2. 43 , 2. Melancholy , 24 , 6. 56 , 6. 11 , 6. 9 , 4. Madnesse , 22 , 6. 5 , 7. Doating 53 , ● . Sleepe 2 , 2. Falling sicknesse 46 , 2. 8 , 5. Of the Dispositions of the Sinewes . Palsie 18 , 5. Crampe 57 , 4. 66 , 4. 67 , 4. 79 , 4. 1 , 5. 2 , 5. 3 , 5. 4 , 5. 6 , 5. 7 , 5. 18 , 5. 17 , 5. 23 , 5. 39 , 6. 9 , 7. 10 , 7. 13 , 7. 18 , 7. 26 , 7. Astonishment 14 , 7. Of the wrie mouth , nose , or lips . 49 , 4. Of the dispositions of the Eyes . 12 , 3. 13 , 3. 14 , 3. 18 , 3. 17 , 3. 22 , 3. 49 , 4. 52 , 4. 17 , 6. 31 , 6. 52 , 6. 47 , 7. Of the dispositions of the Eares . 49 , 4. Of the dispositions of the Nose . 2 , 6. 40 , 2. 23 , 3. 14 , 3. 15 , 3. 32 , 3. 36 , 7. 25 , 5. Fluxe of bloud at the nose . 37 , 3. 27 , 4. 60 , 4. 75 , 4. 32 , 5. 10 , 6. 9 , 7. Neesing . 34 , 5. 12 , 6. 52 , 7. Of the diuerse dispositions of the Mouth and the Tongue . 25 , 3. 32 , 6. Dispositions of the teeth 26 , 3. 53 , 4. 26 , 3. Of the Affects of the throat , read 23 , 3. 34 , 4. 37 , 4. 11 , 5. 37 , 6. 60 , 7. Affects of the Breast and Lungs . 68 , 4. Asthma . 46 , 6. the voyce 6 , 5. 51 , 5. 48 , 7. spitting of bloud . 30 , 3. 67 , 4. 47 , 4. 14 , 5. 10 , 6. 15 , 7. 37 , 8. Pleurisie 12 , 1. 6 , 3. 24 , 3. 9 , 5. 16 , 5. 16 , 6. 33 , 6. Peripneumonia 34 ▪ 6 12 , 7. Empiema or spitting of matter . 27 , 6. Phtisicke 11 , 3. 14 , 3. 23 , 3. 30 , 3. 8 , 4. 10 , 5. 12 , 5. 13 , 5. 16 , 5. 64 , 5. 16 , 7. Affects of the Heart . 66 , 4. Affects of the Paps . 36 , 5. 27 , 5. 38 , 5. 39 , 5. 50 , 5. 52 , 5. 54 , 5. Affects of the Stomach . 15 , 1. 18 , 1. 33 , 2. Difficultie of swallowing 35 , 4. Paine of of the stomach 66 , 4. 21 , 2. of Thirst 27 , 5. Vomiting 2 , 1. 7 , 4. 22 , 4. 10 , 7. Of the Hicket 4 , 5. 13 , 6. 15 , 6. 17 , 7. Affects of the Liuer . Paine of the liuer 53 , 7. apostumes of the liuer 60 , 5. 18 , 6. 46 , 7. Dropsie 23 , 3. 8 , 6. 22 , 6. 11 , 4. 35 , 6. 43 , 6. 5 , 7. 48 , 7. 46 , 7. Of the hypocondres 64 , 4. 74 , 4. 64 , 5. 40 , 6. Affects of the Gaul and Splene . Iaundis 64 , 4. 63 , 4. 71 , 5. 42 , 6. of the splene 23 , 3. 43 , 6. 48 , 6. Fluxes of all kindes . 14 , 2. 21 , 4. 22 , 4. 23 , 4. 24 , 4. 26 , 4. 28 , 4. 49 , 5. 1 , 6. 3 , 6. 32 , 6. 43 , 6. 48 , 6. 5 , 7. 24 , 7. 30 , 7. 31. 7. Paines of the Intestins . 11 , 4. 49 , 4. 5 , 6. 7 , 6. Iliac passion 44 , 6. 10 , 7. Affects of the Fundament . 11 , 6. 12. 6. Affects of the reines . 6 , 4. 80 ●● 〈…〉 7 , 6. 35 , 7. 36 , 7. 37 , 7. 55 , 7. Affects of the Bladder ▪ 17 , 3. 23 , 3. 27 , 3. 32 , 3. 70 , 4. 71 , 4. 73 , 4. 72 , 4. 74 , 4. 75 , 4. 70 , 4. 76 , 4. 77 , 4. 75 , 4. 80 , 4. 82 , 4. 83 , 2. 84 , 4. 58 , 5. 19 , 6. 44 , 4. 32 , 7. 34 , 7. 35 , 7. 39 , 7. 40 , 7. 49 , 7. Affects of the members of Generation in men . 63 , 5. 19 , 6. Of the Affects of the members of Generation in Women . 13 , 3. 1 , 4. 28 , 5 , 29 , 5. 30 , 5. 31 , 5. 32 , 5. 33 , 5. 34 , 5. 35 , 5. 36 , 5. 37 , 5. 38 , 5. 39 , 6. 40 , 5. 41 , 5. 42 , 5. 43 , 5. 44 , 5. 45 , 5. 46 , 5. 47 , 5. 48 , 5. 49 , 5. 50 , 5. 51 , 5. 52 , 5. 53 , 5. 54 , 5. 55 , 5. 56 , 5. 57 , 5. 59 , 5. 60 , 5. 61 , 5. 62 , 5. 28 , 7. Of the Affects that do appear in the extream parts . 46 , 2. 20 4. 31 , 4. 33 , 4. 44 , 4. 25 , 5. 21 , 6. 22 , 6. 28 , 6. 29 , 6. 30 , 6. 34 , 6. 49 , 8. 49 , 6. 55 , 6. 59 , 6. 60 , 5. Aphorisms , touching Feuers . 12 , 1. 14 , 1. 23 , 2. 25 , 2. 26 , 2. 28 , 2. 30 , 2. 34 , 2. 7 ▪ 3 ▪ 8. 3. 10 , 3. 12 , 3. 22 , 3. 29 , 4. 31 , 4. 44 , 4. 43. 4. 46 , 4. 48 , 4. 45 , 4. 49 , 4. 50 , 4. 51 , 4. 52 , 4. 53 , 4. 55 , 4. 56 , 4. 67 , 4. 58 , 4. 60 , 4. 62 , 4. 63 , 4. 94 , 4. 66 , 4. 67 , 4. 68 , 4. 69 , 4. 26 , 6. 54 , 6. 71 , 4. Of Diet to be obserued in Feuers . 4 , 1. 5 , 1. 6 , 1. 7 , 1. 8 , 1. 9 , 1. 10 , 1. 11 , 1. 13 , 1. 14 , 1. 15 , 1. 16 , 1. 17 , 1. 18 , 1. 19 , 1. These Aphorisms following , belong onely to the Chirurgion . 27 , 6. 31 , 6. 38 , 6. 55 , 6. 24 , 6. 49 , 6. 60 , 6. 67 , 5. 25 , 6. 14 , 7. 20 , 7. 21 , 6. 21 , 7. 26 , 2. 4 , 6. 18 , 6. 45 , 6. 2 , 7. 14 , 7. 24 , 7. 47 , 2. 16 ▪ 6. 46 , 2. 77 , 7. 50 , 6. 19 , 6. 24 , 6. 50 , 7. 20 , 5. 50 , 8. The Aphorisms of Hypocrates Prince of Physicions . The Argument of the 1. Section . THis first Section of Aphorismes dooth handle for the most part the Dietarie part of Physicke ; prescribing not onely the measure & obseruation in meates and drinks for soūd bodies , but also for those bodies that are sicke and diseased , with a moderation also of labour and exercise . Aphorisme . 1. THe life of man is short , the Arte of Physicke long , occasion suddaine , experiēce vncertain , iudgement difficult . Neither is it sufficient that the Physicion do his office , vnlesse also the Patient , and those which are attēdants about him doe their dutie , and that outward things bee as well ordered as those that are giuen inwardly . [ 2 ] In distempratures , loosnesse , flux of the bellie , and vomitings , which do come of their owne accorde ; if those things bee purged which ought to be purged , they are easily suffered , & are profitable : but if it bee otherwise it falleth out contrarie . In like sort if such an emptying of vessells be done as should be , it is well suffered : but otherwise it is hurtfull . Wherefore , discreet consideration is to be had , both of the region & the time , as also of the age and the qualitie of the disease for which such things ought to be euacuated , or else not . [ 3 ] The full habit and state of the bodies of wrestlers and Champions if it come to the highest degree of fulnesse is dangerous , for it cannot continue or remain in the same state : and when it cannot so remaine , nor growe into a better habit , it remayneth that it must needs decline into a worse . Wherefore that ouer-full plight of body must be speedily dissolued , to the end it may take a beginning of new nourishment : Neither must we proceed so far that the vessells be quite empty & voyd ( for that is dangerous ) but we must proceed so farre as Nature wil beare & tolerate . So , extream euacuations are perilous , & so again extream repletions are likewise dangerous . [ 4 ] A small & slender diet , in long & lingering diseases is alwaies dangerous : & so in sharp sicknesse when it is not conuenient . And againe diet reduced to extream slēderness is as ful of peril as extream repletiō & fulness is laborious & painfull . [ 5 ] The sick may offend in a slender diet : for thereby it hapneth that they growe worse ; for euery error in this case is wont to prooue more daungerous , then should be . Wherfore a very slender diet and too precise is somwhat dangerous to a sound & healthfull bodie , because they endure the errors therof with more difficultie . Wherefore a thin & exact maner of diet for the most part is more dangerous then that which is a little more full and plentifull then should be . [ 6 ] To extream diseases extream and exquisite remedies are the best . [ 7 ] Whē therfore the disease is sharpe , & hath forthwith most extreame paines and passions , we must vse a most exceeding slender dyet when it is so : but in the cōtrarie wee may minister a fuller , and giue more nourishment : and as the disease shall decline wee may remit the manner of thinne dyet , by little and little , & giue the patiēt more meat . [ 8 ] When the force of the disease is greatest , then a most sparing diet is to bee kept and obserued . [ 9 ] But we must coniecture by the sicke-man , whether he be able to hold out , and persist with the prescribed diet , euen to the state and vttermost extreamitie of the disease , or may faint or faile , and being too weake with such diet may yeelde the victorie to the disease , before it retire & be quayled . [ 10 ] In diseases which shall come instantly to their state , we must instantlie administer slender diet , but in the which shal not come so soone to state , wee must a little diminish dyet : both in the time of the vigor , & extremitie , and also a little about the time of the fit : but before wee may allow more liberall diet , that the sicke man may bee able to holde out . [ 11 ] In fits and their fierce inuasions , we must take away meat ; for then to giue it , it is hurtfull : and when diseases do returne by circuit , or course , in the recourse of those fits wee must vse abstinence . [ 12 ] The diseases themselues , & the seasons of the yeer , & the obseruation of the proportion of the periods beween themselues , whether they bee made daily or by certaine daies returning by course , as the second or euery other day , or by greater distāce of time , wil shew the sharp inuasions & state of the diseases . Likewise , signes & tokens are taken frō those things which doe appeare afterwards . As for example , in a Plurisy , if the corrupt matter auoided by spitting doe presently appeare in the beginning , it declareth the disease shall be but short ; but if it bee longer before it do appeare it declareth to continewe longer . Moreouer vrines , the excremēts of the belly and sweats doe declare and shew the diseases to proue either easie or difficult , short , or long . [ 13 ] Verie olde men do most easilie in dure fasting , and next to thē those of middle age , young men not so wel , children worst of all ; and amongst thē chiefly those which are of the more chearefull , quicke and liuely nature then the rest . [ 14 ] They which growe and increase haue great store of naturall heate : therfore because they neede plentifull and copious nourishment , we must aboundantly supply the same : otherwise the bodie is consumed . But in olde men there remaineth but little heate : therfore , they need not so much norishmēt to kindle the same , for a small fire is extinguished with aboundance of fewel : for that cause feuers which happen to olde folk are not so sharpe because their bodies are not so hoat . [ 15 ] The venters by nature are most hoat in winter and the spring time & the sleeping most long : wherfore at those seasons wee ought to afford most meat , because they haue most naturall heate : wherby it commeth to pass that they need more aboundant and plentifull food . Of which thing the differences of ages and the bodies of Champions and wrestlers are manifest arguments . [ 16 ] A moist diet is profitable to all perplexed with agues ; but especially to children & others which haue accustomed to vse such diet . [ 17 ] We must consider whom it may bee conuenient to feede once or twise , more , or lesse , and by little & little : we must attribute something to the season , region , ages and custome . [ 18 ] Sickely folke doe most hardly brook store of meat in sommer , in winter most easily , in the spring time not so easily . [ 19 ] Nothing must be giuen to them , neither must they bee constrayned to take meat which haue fits returning at certaine determined courses : but we ought to diminish foode before manifest tokens appeare to iudge of the disease . [ 20 ] We ought not to moue , alter , or change those things which are , or haue beene iustly determined by nature , either with medicines or other procurements , but to let them alone . [ 21 ] Carry those things which are to be drawne out , thither whither they shall seeme to incline , and bend , by such wayes and places fittest for cōueiance & expulsion . [ 22 ] We must moue with medicine those things which are concocted & digested ; and not those things which are rawe and vndigested : Neither in the beginning of diseases vnlesse they be prouoked by their owne force and violence , which verie seldome commeth to passe . [ 23 ] Things euacuated and purged are not to be estimated by the multitude , but aduisedly to be considered if those things be auoided & sent forth which should & ought to be , and if also the Patient doe easily indure it . Also when it is needfull we must euacuate euen to souning & fainting of life , if the Patient be able to indure it . [ 24 ] In sharpe diseases , and in their beginning we ought seldome to vse a purging medicine : Neither must it be done without great aduise & iudgement . [ 25 ] If those things be auoided and purged vvhich should be , it doth good & the sick can easily suffer it : but if the contrarie be euacuated , they do painefully indure it . The end of the first section of the Aphorisms . Now foloweth the second . The Argument of the se cond Section of Aphorisms . THIS second Section , of which the vniuersal and ful scope , or intention cannot well be assigned and set downe , hath many things appertayning to the Doctrine of Ages , Signes , Nature & purgation . [ 1 ] IF sleepe bring paine and labour in the disease , it is a mortall signe : but if it bring ease and mitigation of paine the signe is not deadly . [ 2 ] When a Delirium & rauing , is appeased by sleep it is a good signe . [ 3 ] Sleepe and watching , if they be immoderat & shal exceed a mean , are euill . [ 4 ] Neither satietie , neither hunger , neither anie other thing which shall exceede the measure of nature , can be good or healthfull . [ 5 ] Wearinesse and dulness proceeding of their owne accord do signifie diseases to come . [ 6 ] They which suffer pain of any part of the bodie , and doe not almost feele the paine haue their vnderstanding distempered and diseased . [ 7 ] Bodies extenuated and wasted with long sickness are to bee restored and refreshed by little and little : but those which haue been brought lowe quickly and in short time are sooner to be restored . [ 8 ] If any man eating meate after a sicknesse , doth not recouer strength ; it argueth his bodie is burdened and oppressed with too much store of food : But if the same happē to one feeding meanely , we must vnderstand that he hath need of euacuation . [ 9 ] By how much the more thou shalt nourish & cherish impure & corrupt bodies , by so much the more thou shalt harme and hurt them . [ 10 ] He which will purge bodies must make them fluxible and apt to flovve before . [ 11 ] It is more easie to be restored with drink thē with meate . [ 12 ] Those things which are left behind after the Crysis in the bodie after sickness , they are wont to bring forth back-sliding diseases againe . [ 13 ] The night which goeth before the fitte and inuasion is wont to bee tedious and grieuous to them to whom the Crysis is caused , but the night following is wont to be more easie and light . [ 10 ] The alteration of the excrementes not made to the worse part , in the fluxes of the bellie is good . [ 15 ] When the vpper parts of the throate or gullet are sore , or a breaking out of wheales do arise in the bodie , it behooueth vs to look vpon the excrements : for if they shall be cholericke the bodie is also sick : but if they shall be like the excrements of sound persons the bodie may bee cherished without danger . [ 16 ] When hunger beareth swaie , wee must rest from much stirring or labour . [ 17 ] When ouermuch meate is receiued against nature , it causeth sicknesse : as the manner of curing diseases , proceeding from repletion doth declare . [ 18 ] The excretions and auoydings of excrements are wont to bee quick , if they come of those things which doe nourish speedily and plentifully . [ 19 ] Praedictions and foretellings of death or health in sharp diseases are not altogether certaine . [ 20 ] They which in young age haue their bellie moist and loose , in old age haue it drie and hard : and contrariwise they which beeing young men haue their wombe or bellie drie and costyue , being aged haue the same moyst and laxe . [ 21 ] Drinking of strong wine putteth away hunger . [ 22 ] Diseases which are bred of sacietie and surfeting are cured by euacuation : and those which proceed from emptiness are cured by fulness : and in other things , contraries are the remedies of cōtraries . [ 23 ] Acute and sharpe diseases are iudged and determined within fourteen daies ( and haue their Crysis . ) [ 24 ] The fourth daie is the Index of the seuenth : the eightth daie the beginning of the week following . Also the eleuenth daie is to be considered , for that is the fourth day of the second week . And againe , the seuenteenth day is to be considered , for that is the iiij ▪ from the fowrteenth , and the seuenth from the eleuenth . [ 25 ] The Quartan feuers of the summer are for the most part short : but the Autumnal long ; especially those which remaine vnto the winter : which are most long . [ 26 ] It is better that a feuer should succeed a conuulsion , then that a conuulsion should succeed a feuer . [ 27 ] We ought not to be too confident , if anie thing more easie & light do happen in sharp diseases without any great reason : neither to be troubled if anie thing more greeuous doe suddenlie fall out . For , manie such things are vncertaine , neyther are they wont to persist ▪ and continew long . [ 28 ] If the body of them which haue a sharpe feuer ▪ doe abide all at one stay , & nothing abated , or else is melted and wasted awaie beyond reason , it is a very euil signe : for the first doth signifie a continuance of the disease , and the latter a great weaknesse and imbecillitie of nature . [ 29 ] In the beginnings of diseases , if any thing seeme good to be moued for euacuation , moue it : but being in their state it is far better to let it alone . [ 30 ] About the beginnings and ende of diseases , all things are more calme and remisse : in the vigour and state more vehement . [ 31 ] If the body thriue not to him that after a disease feedeth well , it is euill . [ 32 ] Those which in the beginning of sicknesse doe feede much , and doe not prosper therewith , all such for the most part do at last fall into a loathing of meat . On the contrary , those which in the beginning do vehemently abhorre food , & afterwards desire much meat , are more easily freed from their sickenesse . [ 33 ] In any disease ( similar , instrumental , or common ) if reason be not weakened nor hurt , but that they are desirous of those things which are offered , it is good : but if it be otherwise it is an euill thing . [ 34 ] They are not so dangerously sicke , to whose nature , age , habit , or season , the disease in familiar and agreeable , as they to whom the disease is not agreeable in any of those proportions . [ 35 ] It is better in any disease that the partes adioyning to the Nauell and nethermost bellie bee somewhat thicke and grosse : for the extenuation and consumption of them is euill : and then it is not safe to minister purgatiōs working downwards . [ 36 ] Those which are indued with health of bodie , doe quickely faint , drinking a purging potion : and so in like maner those are impaired which do vse naughtie and corrupt nourishment . [ 37 ] Those which are of sound and perfect health of body doe painefully and grieuously indure purging medicines . [ 38 ] Those meats and drinks which are worse yet pleasant , are to bee preferred before those which are better , but yet vnpleasant and distasting . [ 39 ] For the most part olde men are not so often sicke as the young are . But beeing once taken with long diseases they most commonly die of them . [ 40 ] Rheums descēding down to the mouth , and falling downe to the throat , doe not come to concoction in those which are very olde . [ 41 ] They die suddenly , which doe often and exceedingly sowne and faint without anie manifest cause . [ 42 ] Thou shalt neuer cure a strong apoplexie ▪ and also a weake one very hardly . [ 43 ] Strangled and suffocated folk , being not as yet dead , doe not returne to themselues , if about their mouth there shall appeare spume or fome collected and gathered togither . [ 44 ] Those that are very gross by nature , doe inioy shorter life then those which are leane . [ 45 ] Change and alteration of place and diet , then also most especiallie of age , doth deliuer children from the Epilepsia & Falling euil . [ 46 ] Of two paines at one time not possessing the self same place , that which is the more vehement , doth dull the sense and feeling of the other which is not so vehement . [ 47 ] Whiles the filthy and corrupt matter is digesting , paines , and agues doe rather happen , then when it is digested and brought to maturation . [ 48 ] In euerie exercise of the body , when it beginneth to bee wearied , straightwaies rest doth mitigate the wearisomnesse . [ 49 ] Those which are accustomed to dayly labours , although they bee vveake or olde men , doe more easilie indure accustomed exercises : then those which are not accustomed to them although they be strong and young men . [ 50 ] Things accustomed a long time , although they be worse , are wont to bee lesse grieuous then those thinges vnaccustomed : wherefore also a change is to bee made to vnaccustomed things . [ 51 ] It is dangerous , at one time much and suddenlie either to emptie , fill , heare , or to coole , or by any other meanes to mooue or stirre the bodie : for any thing passing the bounds of mediocrity is an enemie to nature : for that is safe which is done by little and little , both at other times and also most especially when an alteration and change is to be made from one thing to an other . [ 52 ] He must not passe forthwith from one medicin to an other , when all things , fall not out so well as they should to him which doth proceed by good reason , so that remaine still which seemed to him to bee so from the beginning . [ 53 ] Those which haue a moist wombe or belly , doe passe their youthfull age more easily then those which haue the same drie : but they passe their olde age more hardly & with more difficultie ; for when they waxe old for the most part it is dried . [ 54 ] As greatnes & talness of of body is comelie to the state of young age , so it is more vnprofitable than littlenesse , & lowe stature , in old age . The end of the second Section of the Aphorisms of Hypocrates . Here followeth the third Section . The Argument . THis third book is almost reduced to the discourse of ages or times , expressing vnto vs two Common places , that is to say the strength and the forces of ages , and the diuersity of diseases throughout those ages and times . [ 1 ] Alteration and variableness of the seasons do most especiallie bring foorth diseases , and likewise great alterations of colde and heate in those seasons , and of other things answering to them in proportion . [ 2 ] Some natures are well , or ill in the summer season , and others are well or ill in the winter . [ 3 ] Some diseases are well or ill affected , some more to one time , and some to an other ; & some ages more to some one time , place , & kind of dyet , then they are to an other . [ 4 ] Autumnall diseases are to bee expected in these seasons , when on the selfe same day , it is some times hot , and some times colde . [ 5 ] The South wind dulleth the hearing , obscureth and darkneth the sight , offendeth the head with aches and rhumes , procureth & causeth heauinesse & faintnesse in the members . Whē therefore it is frequent and bloweth often , such things happen and are incident to the weak and sicklie . Contrariwise ▪ the North wind causeth coughs , exasperateth and excoriateth the iawes , hardneth the bellie , suppresseth vrine , stirreth vp colde shiuerings , and shakings , ingendreth pains of the side and breast . Therfore when this wind beareth swaie , those that are weake and feeble , must expect and looke for such accidents . [ 6 ] When sommer is like the spring time , we must expect much sweating in agues . [ 7 ] Sharpe Agues are ingendred with great droughts and dryness : and if the yeer proceed to bee such as the state of the season is , which it hath affected , wee must expect such kindes of diseases . [ 8 ] In certaine and moderat times , obseruing their seasonablenesse , certaine and seasonable diseases hauing a happy determination , are ingendred : But in vncertaine , wauering , and vnseasonable times , vncertain diseases are ingendred ( whose Crysis is accompanyed with grieuous accidents . [ 9 ] In Autumne vniuersally there are most sharpe and pernicious diseases : but the spring time is most wholesome and not dangerous . [ 10 ] Autumne is hurtfull to such as are in a consumption . [ 11 ] Amongst the parts of the yeere , if the winter shall bee dryer and the winde northernly , and the spring much raining and the wind southernly it must of necessitie fall out , that in sommer sharpe agues , rhtums in the eyes , bloudy fluxes doe happen , especiallie to women and to men being moist by nature . [ 12 ] Contrarilie , if winter shal be southernly , full of raine , and warme , and the spring drie & northernly , women whose childebirth and deliuerance hapneth neere the spring doe vpon the least occasion suffer aborsment and vntimely birth : or if they be deliuened at their due time , they bring forth such weak and diseased children , so that either they die quicklie , or liue but leanly and sicklie . To others there hapneth bloudy fluxes and hoat inflāmations of the eyes , and to old men rhumes which do quicklie bring destruction . [ 13 ] Sommer being drie and the wind northernly , Autumne full of raine and the winde southernlie , vehement paines of the head are to be expected in the winter following . Also , coughs hoarsnesse , and rhumes , distillings at the nostrills , & to some pining consumptions . [ 14 ] A northernly and drie Autumne is profitable and good to men which are moist by nature , and also to women : to others , it causeth hot inflammations in the eies , and feuers partly sharp and partly long , and some also are troubled with melancholy by 〈◊〉 [ 15 ] Of all the seasons thorough-out the whole yeer , drynesse and droughts are more wholsome and lesse dangerous to mans life , then daily showers of raine and moisture . [ 16 ] When much raine showreth downe , these diseases for the most part are ingēdred , that is to saie , long continuing agues , fluxes of the belly , corruption of the humors , falling sicknesse , apoplexies , or the dead palsies , the squinances in the throat : but when there is much drynesse and drought there happeneth consumptions , rhumes in the eyes ●●●ines of the ioints , difficultie in making vrin , and the passion of the Intestins . [ 17 ] Daily seasons of weather being northernly doe close and strengthen the bodies , they make them more mouable and nimble , better coloured , and more strong and able in hearing : they dry & harden the belly , but they bite & offend the eies : and if any paine haue before possest the brest , they make it more fierce and grieuous . Contrarily , southernely constitutions doe loose and moysten those bodies , they dull the hearing , they bring giddinesse of the head , they bring mistinesse , and dimness of the eyes , dulnesse and laziness to the body , they make the bellie loose and laxatiue . [ 18 ] As touching Seasons of the yeere , in the spring and prime of sommer , children and those which are neerest to them in age , do liue best in health . But in sommer & in some part of Autumn olde men liue best : but in the rest of Autumne and winter they which leade a middle age . [ 19 ] Any diseases are ingendred in anie times of the yeer : yet many are rather caused and stirred , in someone more then in an other . [ 20 ] In the spring there hapneth madnesse , Melancholy , the falling euill , fluxes of bloud , the Squinancie , rhumes , distillations of humors , coughs , leprosies , dry scabs , Morphues and many vlcerous wheales , pushes , and paines of the ioints . [ 21 ] In sommer there are some of those specified before in the spring : also cōtinuall feuers and burning agues , and manie Tertians also and Quartan agues , & vomitings , fluxes of the belly , inflāmations of the eyes , paines of the eares , vlcerations of the mouth , rotting and putrifying of the priuie members , and sweatings . [ 22 ] Also many summer diseases are in Autumn , both Quartans & also vncertain and wandring agues , swellings of the splene , hydropsie , consumptions , strangurie , loosnesse and excoriation of the bowels , aches of the huckle bone , the squinancie , shortness of breath , a streight pressing or drawing together of the bowels in some part of them , the falling sickenes , madnes & melancholy . [ 23 ] In winter are ingendred plurisies , inflammation of lungs , lethargie , rheume in the nostrels , hoarsnesse coughs , pains of the breast sides , and loynes , headaches , swymming and gyddinesse of the head , ( causing dimnesse to the eyes ) Apoplexies ( or suddaine depriuation of the senses . ) [ 24 ] But as concerning ages , these diseases do happen to little children , and lately borne ; vlcers in the mouth , vomiting , coughs , want of sleepe , great feares , inflammations of the nauill , moist running at the eares . [ 25 ] The time of teeth-breeding comming , there hapneth itching of the gums , feuers , convulsions , fluxes of the bellie ; especially when they bring forth their teeth , and most principallie to those children which are most fatte and grosse and haue their belly hard and bound . [ 26 ] To those children which are a little bigger there doth happen inflāmations of the almondes of the mouth , disioynting & dislocation of the turning ioynts in the nape of the neck inwardly , shortnes of wind , breeding of the stone round worms , gut worms , long hanging warts , vnnatural erection of the Yard , difficultie ▪ in making of water , Scrophulus in the necke , and other risings , especially those before declared . [ 27 ] Moreouer , to those which are greater and comming to ripe age , there happen many of those former diseases ▪ but more often , long continuing agues , and flux of bloud issuing out of the nostrells . [ 28 ] The diseases of children for the most part , some of them do attaine to the Crysis , or alteration within 40. daies : some within seauen moneths : some within seauen yeeres , others when they come to ripe age . But those which shal continew longer , and shal neither be dissolued , to men children when they come to ripe age , nor to may den children when their monthly tearmes breake forth , Hi consenescere consueuerunt . [ 29 ] To young men ▪ there dooth happen spytting of bloud , consumptions , sharpe feuers , falling sicknesse , and other diseases , but chiefely these now rehearsed . [ 30 ] To those which haue passed beyond this young age , there dooth happeu shortnesse of breath , impostumes of the lungs , lethargies , phrensies , burning feuers , long fluxes of the bellie , cholericke passions , or flowing of the gall , bloudy fluxes , fluxes of the stomach and belly of meates indigested , the Haemorrhoides and such like . [ 31 ] To olde men doth happen difficultie & hardness of breathing , Rhumes , with the cough , strangurie or auoyding of vrin by drop-meale , Disuria & difficultie of making vrin , aches of the ioints , the stone in the kidnies , gyddinesse of the braine , Apoplexies , or dead palsies , an euill habit or disposition of the body called Cachexia , itching of the whole bodie , watchfulnes & want of sleep , moistnesse and humidities of the bellie , eyes , and nostrills , dimnesse of the sight , Glaucoma , and dulnesse of hearing . The end of the third Section of the Aphorisms of Hypocrates . Here followeth the iiij . Section . The Argument . THis fourth Section is variable ; but for the most part is reduced to euacuation and prognostick signes of future euents . [ 1 ] Thou shalt purge child-bearing women if it bee needfull , at the fowrth moneth after conception , and so vnto the seauenth , but those more sparingly : but the cōception being yong or elder thou shalt abstain . [ 2 ] Such things are to bee drawn out of the body , by the vse of purging medicines , as they are which issuing forth of their own accord do helpe the same : but those which issue forth in a contrarie manner are to be stopped . [ 3 ] If such things be purged as should be , it doth good , and the patient doth easily indure it : but if otherwise it be done , the patient doth indure it painfully . [ 4 ] In sommer it is more cōuenient to purge the vpper venters , in the winter the inferior by stoole . [ 5 ] Vnder the Canicular or or dog-star , and before the dog-starre , purgations are painfull anp difficil . [ 6 ] Leane and slender men are easie to vomit , & therefore must be purged by vomit , vnlesse it be in winter . 7 ▪ Purge those which do not vomit easilie , and being in good plight , downwards by stoole , so it be not sommer . [ 8 ] Do not purge them vpwards which are subiect to the phtisick or a consumption . [ 9 ] Thou shalt purge melancholicke folke strongly by stoole . In like manner beginning the contrarie waie of purging . ( For , light matter bending vpwards must be drawne out by the vpper parts : But the heauier and grosser matter by the lower parts . ) [ 10 ] We must purge in verie sharpe sicknesses , if the matter do moue to the purging of it ; and that the very same daie wherein the sicknesse doth begin : for delaie in such diseases is very hurtfull and dangerous . [ 11 ] Those which haue gripings & wringings in the belly , and horrible paine about the Nauell and the loynes , and cannot be eased and dissolued by medicin or otherwise , they shall fall into a drie dropsie called , aqua inter cutem sicca ( which is a Timpanie . ) [ 12 ] Those are not to be purged in winter by vomite without hurt , whose stomach and belly cannot retaine meate vntil it be digested . [ 13 ] Their bodies are to bee made moyst before hand with abundance and plenty of foode and also with ease and rest , which taking a potiō of veratrum or hellebor , do hardly and painfully vomit . [ 14 ] Elleborus being drunke , the bodie ought rather to be moued , then to be yeelded to sleepe , or rest : for the sayling in a ship , doth manifest that our bodies are stirred and prouoked by motion . [ 15 ] When you wil haue Elleborus or veratrum to work more forcibly , mooue and stirre the bodie : but when you will staie it , procure sleepe , and doe not moue . [ 16 ] Elleborus is very dangerous to them which haue sound flesh , for it ingendreth convulsion . [ 17 ] When hee which is not sicke of an ague doth loath his meate , hath a gnawing of the mouth of the stomache , a darksome gyddinesse of the braine , and bitternesse of the mouth , hit signifieth that he had need to be purged vpwards . [ 18 ] Whosoeuer hauing need of purging hath paines about the myddryffe , it is a signe that hee must be purged vpwards : but the pains which are vnder the same doe note a purging downwards to be needfull . [ 19 ] Those which doe not thirst whiles they are purged with a medicinall potion , shall not leaue purging vntill they shall thirst . [ 20 ] If there be wringings and gripings of the guttes without a feuer , heauinesse of the knees , and paine of the loynes , they : signifie that there is neede of purging downward . [ 21 ] Blacke excrements of the bellie like vnto blacke bloud , comming forth of their owne accord , either with a feuer or without a feuer are most euill : and by how much the more those euill colours shal be , by so much the more those excremēts shall be the worse : But such things to bee expelled out by a medicin , is farre better , and that by how much the more colours there shal be of them . [ 22 ] In the beginning of anie disease if blacke ▪ choler come forth either aboue , or beneath , it is dangerous & pernicious . [ 23 ] Those which are pyned and brought low by sharp or long diseases , or by woundes , or anie other meanes , and doe auoyde blacke choler , or as it were blacke bloud : doe die the next daie following . [ 24 ] A bloudy flux if it proceed from blacke choler is mortall . [ 25 ] For bloud to be caried vpward of what kinde soeuer it be , is an euill signe : but if blacke bloud be egested & auoided downwards , it is good . 26 If any man being afflicted with a blouddie fluxe doe auoide as it were little peeces of flesh , it is a mortall signe . 27 To those which haue store of bloud flowing , frō what part soeuer in feuers : their bellies become moist , after they haue beene refreshed . 28 Those which auoid cholericke excrements downwardes , if deafeness come vpon the same they do then cease frō auoiding of them : and on the other side , those which are affected with deafnes are deliuered from the same , by the auoiding of cholerick excrements . [ 29 ] If cold shakings happē to them which are sicke of an ague the sixt daie , they haue a difficult Crysis , and we cannot wel iudge of the disease . [ 30 ] In them which are afflicted with fits of Agues , howsoeuer the ague shall leaue them ; if it returne againe the same hower the next day , it is wont to haue a difficult Crysis and determination . 31 Apostumes are caused neare the ioints , and especially nigh the iawe bones , or mādible , to them which feele wearinesse , and lassitude in feuers . [ 32 ] Those which recouering and amending from a disease , and haue some place grieued with payne , shall haue apostums , or botches in the same place . [ 33 ] But if anie part shall be pained before the disease , the seate and abiding of the disease is there . [ 34 ] If a suffocation or stopping of the breath do happen vpon a sodaine to one afflicted with a feuer , no swelling appearing in the iawes , or gullet , it is deadly . [ 35 ] If to one afflicted with a feuer the necke be suddenly turned awrie , and he can scant swallowe , and there be no swelling , it is deadly . [ 36 ] Sweats are good to those sicke of an ague , which begin to issue forth the third day , fift , seuenth , ninth , eleuenth , fowreteenth , seuēteenth , one and twentith , seuen and twentith , thirtie one , and thirty fower : for those sweats worke the dissolution of the disease : those which happen otherwise , signifie paine , and length of the disease , or a returne of the same . [ 37 ] Cold sweats with a sharp feuer , doe verily betoken death : but with a more mild & gentle ague , length of the disease . [ 38 ] In what part of the bodie the sweat is , there is the disease . [ 39 ] And also in what part of the bodie there is heate , or colde , there the disease is setled . [ 40 ] And when alterations do happen in the whole bodie so that the bodie bee cooled , and heated againe by turns , or one colour arise after an other , they signifie continuance of the disease . [ 41 ] Much sweating ▪ caused thorough sleep , doth signifie that the body is sed with store of meate : but if this happē to one feeding sparingly , we must know that there is neede of euacuation . [ 42 ] VVhen there is much sweat , colde , or hot , alwaie issuing forth , the cold doth signifie the disease to bee more grieuous : and the hot sweat doth note the disease to be lesse grieuous . [ 43 ] Feuers continuall which afflict euerie third daie more vehemently and doe not cease , are the more dāgerous : but by what manner soeuer they shall cease , and pause , they signifie that ther is no present danger . ( 44 ) Swellings and paines about the ioints are caused to them which are afflicted with long agues . [ 45 ] Those which haue swellings and paines of the ioints after agues , do feede ouer liberally . [ 46 ] If a colde shiuering fit , the feuer being without intermission , doe assaile the sicke man beeing alreadie weake , it is a deadly signe . [ 47 ] Excrements auoided in feuers not intermittent , by vomit or spitting , if they be of a leaden colour , blodie , cholericke , or stinking , are all euill : but if they come forth conueniently , and easilie , they are good . Also , the same consideration is to bee had of those things auoided by the bellie , and vrins . But if anie thing be auoided by those places , which dooth not helpe , it is euill . [ 48 ] In continuall feuers , if the outward parts are cold , the inward do burne , and the patient be thirstie , it is a deadly signe . [ 49 ] In continuall feuers , if the lippe , eye , browes , or nose , bee peruerted or turned awrie , if the sickeman do not see , nor hear , which-so-euer of these shall happen the bodie being weak , death is neare at hand . [ 50 ] If there happeneth in a continual feuer , difficulty and hardnes of breathing , with delirium , and doting , the signes are deadly . [ 51 ] Apostumes in feuers which are not dissolued in the first Crysis , or iudgements , they signifie length of the disease . [ 52 ] It is not absurde to weep and shedde teares in feuers and other diseases , voluntarilie : but to weepe against the will is verie absurde , & inconuenient . [ 53 ] They haue fierce & vehemēt feuers , which haue a tough & clammy moisture about their teeth in those feuers . [ 54 ] Those which haue drie coughs prouoking little , are not wont to bee verie thirstie , in burning feuers . [ 55 ] All feuers proceeding from the tumors in inguine and other adenosus parts , are euil , except those feuers which are called Ephemerae , and last but one daie . [ 56 ] Sweate comming ▪ vpon one sicke of an ague , the ague not ceasing , is euill : for the disease is prolonged , and it signifieth that there is much moysture . [ 57 ] If a feuer happen to the crampe , Spasmus , or Tetanus : then it dissolueth the crampe . [ 58 ] If a colde shaking fit do com vpon him which hath a burning feuer , then a deliuerance from the disease is procured by it . [ 59 ] An exquisit , and perfect Tertian feuer , commeth to his Crysis or state in seauen circuits or fits , at the vtmost . [ 60 ] Those that waxe deafe and thicke of hearing thorough feuers ▪ are deliuered from that disease by fluxe of bloud at the nose , or by flux of the wombe . [ 61 ] Vnlesse the feuer shall leaue the patiēt in the odde daies , it is accustomed to returne againe . [ 62 ] Those which haue the yellow Iaundis happening vnto them vpon agues , before the seauenth day , haue an euill signe . [ 63 ] Those feuers which haue their colde shaking fits returning at a certaine daie , are dissolued the same daie . [ 64 ] It is a good thing for them which haue the yellow iaundes comming on them in feuers on the seuenth day , ninth , eleuenth , or fourteenth day : vnlesse the right hypocondrium bee hard : for then it is not good but euill . [ 65 ] In feuers , a vehement heat about the stomach , & a gnawing about the heart , is an euill thing . [ 66 ] Convulsions in sharpe feuers , and vehement pains about the bowels , are euil . [ 67 ] In feuers , great feares through sleep , or convulsion , doe prognosticate euil . ( 68 ) The breath not keeping due course is euil : for it doth signifie convulsion . ( 69 ) Vrins with a feuer being thicke , clotted , and little in quantity , do profit them which make them , if afterwards thin vrins , and much in quantitie be auoided of them : but those vrins most commonly become such in which the Hypostasis or sediment , shal appear straight after they are made , or not long after . [ 70 ] Those which haue their water troubled or vnclean in agues , such as are the waters of Cattell , haue or shall haue headache . [ 71 ] Those which shall haue their Crysis or alteration of the disease the seauenth day , haue a little red Cloude in the vrine the 4. daie , and other things therunto belōging accordingly . [ 72 ] Vrins verie cleare and white are verie euill , especially if they appeare in those which are afflicted with phrensie . [ 73 ] Those which haue an inflation of the Hypocondria , and a rumbling pain of the loynes succeeding , haue their belly moystned and loosned , except the windes breake forth downwards , or store of vrine doe issue forth : and these things happen in feuers . [ 74 ] To those that doubt of apostumations to come about the ioints , much vrin thick , and white , doth deliuer from the apostum , such as is wont to be auoided in painfull feuers , the fowrth daie : when also bloud shal issue forth of the nostrels there shall be a dissolution and a deliuerance speedily . ( 75 ) If anie pisse bloud or filthy matter , it signifieth an exulceration of the kidnies or bladder . [ 76 ] Those which haue small pieces of flesh , and as it were haires , issuing forth togither with thick vrine , do auoid those excrements from the kidneies . ( 77 ) Those which auoid with thicke vrin certain branny contents , haue their bladder infected with an vlcer , or scabbednesse . ( 78 ) It is signified to them which piss bloud vpon the sodaine , that there is some veine of the kidnies broken . ( 79 ) They in whose vrin ther appeareth an Hypostasis or sediment full of sand , haue their bladder or kidneies diseased with the stone ; but especially the bladder , because it hath a verie spatious hollownesse or cauity . [ 80 ] If anie one pisse bloud or clotts of bloud & make his water by drops , hauing paine in that part of the belly ( which is betweene the nauell and the secret parts ) named hypogastrion , or at the seame-line of the skinnne of the coddes , called perinaeum , and at the place called pecten ▪ ( where the haire about the priuie members groweth ) then the places about the bladder are diseased . [ 81 ] If any one pisse bloud or filthy matter , or little scales , and there bee also a stinking or strong smell , it doth betoken an exulceration of the bladder . [ 82 ] Those which haue an apostume bred in the vrinarie passage , or conduit of the water , they are deliuered from it , the same being brought to suppuration & broken . [ 83 ] Voiding of much vrin in the night , doth signifie finall euacuation of excrements by the fundament . The end of the fourth Section of the Aphorisms of Hypocrates . Here followeth the 5 ▪ Section . The Argument . THe fift Book or Section is variable yet almost it doth wholly intreat of the diseases of women , & of the good and badde dispositions of the wombe . [ 1 ] A Conuulsion by taking Elleborus is deadlie . ( 2 ) A Convulsion after a wound , is pernicious and deadly . [ 3 ] The hicket or a convulsion , after a copious flux of bloud , is euill . [ 4 ] After an immoderat purgation ( which the Greeks call Hypercatharsis ) a convulsion or hicket is euill . [ 5 ] If any drunken man do suddainly waxe dumbe , he shall die with convulsion , vnlesse hee be taken with a feuer , or presently recouer his speech at that hower in which the surfet is dissolued . [ 6 ] Those which are taken with the cramp or distention , named Tetanus , do die within fowre daies : but if they shall ouerpasse them , they recouer their health . ( 7 ) The falling sicknesse which is before ripenesse of age , is remoued awaie : but that which hapneth after the 25. yeer of the age doth for the most part accompany vs vnto death . [ 8 ] Those which are sick of a plurisie , vnlesse they bee purged vpwardes , within fowrteene daies shall haue the disease turned into an impostume . [ 9 ] A consumption most especially hapneth in those ages which are fro the 18 ▪ yeere to the thirty and fift yeere ▪ [ 10 ] Those which haue the euill cause of the squinancie conuerted into the lungs , do drie within seuen daies : but if they escape them , they are affected with corrupt and filthy matter ( called empiema ) ▪ ( 11 ) If the spittle which they auoid by coughing that are affected with a consumption , doe stinke strongly being cast vpon the coles , and the haires of the head doe fall off , it is a pernicious & deadly signe . ( 12 ) If a flux of the belly happen to them which haue their haire falling awaie by a consumption , death is neare at hand . ( 13 ) Those which cough forth frothy bloud , do ●etch and drawe the same out of the lungs . ( 14 ) If a fluxe of the bellie come vpō him which is in a consumption it is a pernicious signe . ( 15 ) Those which are infected with an impostume by a plurisie , if they be purged from the corrupt matter within fortie daies after the breaking of the apostume , are cured , or otherwise they passe into a consumption . ( 16 ) Hot water too often vsed bringeth these discommodities ; tendernesse of the flesh , distemperature of the sinewes , heauinesse & drowsinesse of the minde , fluxes of blod , swounings , & faintings of life to which death is incident . ( 17 ) But the vse of colde water bringeth convulsions , the crampes called Tetani , blackness & cold shakings vsuall in some feuers . ( 18 ) Colde water is hurtfull to the bones , teeth , sinews , braine , and marrow of the backe : but that which is hot is good and profitable . [ 19 ] Wee must heate those things which are ouercold ; except those which powre forth bloud , or are inclined to powre forth bloud , in short time ▪ [ 20 ] Colde water biteth and nippeth vlcers , hardneth the skinne , hindreth the sorenesse from maturation of the corrupt matter , causeth , blacknesse , bringeth forth colde shiuering fittes of ▪ agues , convulsions , crampes , and distention of the sinewes . [ 21 ] Notwithstanding , ther is some time , when in the crampe without an vlcer in a well flesht young man in the middest of sommer , plentifull powring out of colde water doth call back the heate , and so the heate doth dissolue the crampe . ( 22 ) Hot water yeeldeth vnto vs a great token of security , and safety in that vlcer and sore in which it causeth ripe and wel digested matter : it softneth and mollifieth the skinne , it maketh it thinne , it dooth appease paine , it mitigateth and asswageth colde shakings , convulsions , & the cramps ( named Tetani ) it dissolueth heauinesse and paine of the head , it profiteth broken bones very much , especially if they bee bare without flesh ; and principally in the head : also it profiteth those things which are mortified & exulcerated through colde . Lastly , it is profitable to eating vlcers in the sūdamēt , priuie members , wombe , bladder : to all those , hot water is a friend and comforter , but cold water is an enemie and a destroyer . [ 23 ] We must vse cold water to those sores from whence bloud dooth issue , or is about to issue , and not to be applyed in the same place by which it issueth but to those places from whence it floweth . And if anie inflammation or burning of the parts , do incline to a red and bloudie colour with fresh cleare bloud , apply colde things , or cold water vnto them : but if the inflāmations bee inueterate and old , it maketh them black . Also it helpeth the fiery inflammation , named Erysipelas , if it be not vlcerated . For , being vlcerated it hurteth . ( 24 ) Things that are verie colde , as snowe , and yee , are hurtfull to the breast , they procure coughs , they cause ruptures of the veins , and also rhumes . ( 25 ) Cold water powred forth aboundantly , doth ease and diminish the tumours and paines of the ioints , which are without vlceration , & also gowty swellings and pains and convulsions for the most part , & dissolueth dolour and pain : for a smal benumming hath the force of dissoluing and putting awaie of paine . ( 26 ) Water that is quickely made hot , & quickly cold , is most light . ( 27 ) It is good for them which haue great desire to drinke in the night to fall a sleepe , being verie thirstie . ( 28 ) A fumigation , or perfume , of odoriferous spyces dooth bring forth the terms . It would also be profitable for manie other things if it did not breede heauinesse and pain of the head . [ 29 ] Thou shalt purge a woman with childe if it bee needful , the fowrth month after conception , and so forwards vntill the beginning of the seuenth month : but those that come neere the seauenth , month not so much : but the foetus ▪ being yonger or elder thou shalt abstaine . [ 30 ] A woman with child , a veine being opened , aborteth & is deliuered before due time : and so much the rather , if the foetus bee of any bignesse . [ 31 ] It is pernicious & deadlie if a woman great with childe bee taken with anie sharp disease . [ 32 ] A woman is cured from vomiting bloud , her mōthly tearms issuing forth . [ 33 ] A flux of bloud at the nose is good and healthfull to a womā , her flowers failing contrarie to the due course of nature . [ 34 ] If the wombe bee verie laxatiue and loose to a woman with childe , there is danger of aborcement . [ 35 ] Sneesing hapning to a woman grieued with suffocation of the wombe , or hauing a painfull and difficult deliuerance is good . [ 36 ] The monthly courses being discoloured , neyther comming forth alwaies in the same maner , and time , do declare that a purgation is necessarie for the woman . [ 37 ] If the paps be suddenlie extenuated and become lanke to a woman with childe , aborcement dooth follow . [ 38 ] If one of the dugs be extenuated and become lank to a woman cōceiued with child with twins , she bringeth forth one of them before due time : And if the right dug becom slēder she bringeth forth the male childe before due time , but if the left dug becom lank she maketh aborcement of the female . [ 39 ] If any woman neither with child nor hauing bin deliuered of childe , haue milke in her breasts , her monthly courses haue failed her . [ 40 ] Madnesse is signified to happen to those women in whose dugs or paps there is bloud collected and heaped together . [ 41 ] If you will know whether any woman haue conceiued or no : giue her a potion of hony & water mixed togither going to sleep : & if she feele gripings and wringings of the belly she hath conceiued ; if she doe not , shee hath not conceiued . [ 42 ] If a woman conceiued with childe doe beare a manchilde shee is well and fresh coloured : if she beare a maide childe , she is ill coloured . [ 43 ] If the inflammation called Erysipelas be bred in the womb or mother , it is a perniuous and deadly thing . [ 44 ] Those women which are verie leane contrarie to nature and doe beare children ; do suffer vntimelie deliuerance ; vntill they come to better plight and be fatter . [ 45 ] Those women which being reasonable fat & making abortion the second , or third month , without anie manifest cause , haue acetabula vteri plena mucoris , neither are they able to cōtaine the foetus because of his heauy weight ( but those Cotylidons being broken ) it falleth downe . [ 46 ] Those which are fatter then Nature requireth and doe not conceiue childe , haue os vteri compressed , & closed togither by the omentum and cal of the guts , and therefore they cannot conceiue vntill they waxe leaner . [ 47 ] If the wombe shall apostumate in that part where it lieth neer the hip , or huckle bone , it is necessary to cure it with tents lipped in liquid medicines such as the Greekes do call Emmota . ) ( 48 ) Men children doe lie & are carryed on the right side of the womb , and women children rather on the left side . [ 49 ] A medicine procuring sneesing , put into the nostrills , doth driue and force out the secūdine ▪ so that you stop the nostrils & mouth close with the hand . [ 50 ] If it please a woman to restraine her accustomed courses , apply a very great cupping glasse to her brests . [ 51 ] Those women which are conceiued with child , haue the mouth or gate of the mother shut and closed vp . ( 52 ) If milke flowe plentifully out of the dugs of a woman bearing a child in her wombe , it signifieth that the childe is weake : but if the paps be hard and stiffe , they declare a stronger cōception . [ 53 ] The dugges and pappes becom slender and limber to those women which shal loose their foetus . But contrarilie , if the pappes become hard , paine shall eyther molest the pappes , hips , eies , or the knees , but they shal not suffer aborcement . [ 54 ] Those women haue the mouth or gate of the womb closed or shut vp ▪ which haue the same hard . [ 55 ] Childe-bearing women which are takē with feuers , or are brought to a lowe state without a manifest cause , doe bring forth the birth painfully , and with danger , or are in hazard of life by vntimely & vnseasonable deliuerance . [ 56 ] If a Convulsion or swouning happen to a flux of a womans flowers , it is an euill thing . [ 57 ] Womens terms flowing immoderately , diseases are ingendred : & being supprest , & stopt of their due course , diseases do likewise happen from the wombe . [ 58 ] The strangurie or dropping out of the vrin dooth happen by the inflammation of the straight gut , & likewise of the wombe or mother , to the reins that be exulcerated : also if the liuer be inflamed , the hicket or yexing doth happen in the meane while . [ 59 ] If a woman doe not cōceiue , and thou wouldest know if she shall conceiue at all , let her be wrapt and lapped round about with clothes , and make a sume vnder the lower parts : and if the sent bee perceiued to passe through her bodie , to her nostrills , & her mouth ; knowe that shee is not barraine , by any default in hir selfe . [ 60 ] If the monthly purgations doe keepe their course to a woman with child , it is impossible that the foetus should be in health . [ 61 ] If a womans monthly courses stop , and she haue neither shiuering cold , nor ague comming vpon her , and shee loath her meate , make account that shee is conceiued . 62 Those women which haue their wombe cold & drie , doe not conceiue : and such as haue them ouer moyst ▪ cannot bee conceiued , for the seede is extinguisht & perished in them . Also , those women cannot conceiue , which haue those places ouer drie , and hot ; for the seed becōmeth corrupted for want of due n●●rishment . But those women which haue obtained a moderate temperature of the places in respecte of both the oppositions and contrarieties , doe excell in fruitfulnesse . ( 63 ) The same consideration and reason is likewise to be respected in men : for either through the spoungy and poery substance of the body the spirits are dissipated and scattered abroade , so that they cannot cast forth seede , or else the moisture dooth not issue forth because of his grossenesse & thicknesse , or else because of coldnesse it doth not cōceiue any heat , that it may be collected in his proper place : or the verie same thing doth & may happen through heate . ( 64 ) It is not good to giue milke to them which are troubled with headach , or with agues , nor to those which are troubled with the disease called status Hypochondriacus , nor to those which are troubled with thirst . It is also nought for them which auoide cholericke excrements downewards , or to those which haue sharpe feuers , or haue had some copious euacuation of bloud . But it is good for those which are in a consumption , so they be not troubled with any vehement feuer . It is also good for long lingring and milde agues , so that none of the signes before spoken be present . It is good also for them which are brought lowe without any apparant reason or occasion . [ 65 ] They are not much trobled with convulsions or with madnesse , which haue apparant and euident tumors with their vlcers or sores : But convulsions , and the crampes ( named Tetani ) doe happen to them to whome the tumors shall suddenly vanish awaie , if it shall happen on the hinder part of the bodie : but if they happen in the forehead , or forepart , there hapneth madness , vehement paine of the side , Empiema and spitting of matter , Dysenteria , if the tumors or swellings shall be red . ( 66 ) If no tumour nor swelling appeare in great and badde wounds , it is a great euell . ( 67 ) Soft tumore aregoods but those which are hard and vndigested are euill . ( 68 ) To one which hath pain in the hinder part of the head , the venarecta in the forehead beeing opened doth profit . ( 69 ) Colde shakings and shiuerings for the most part doe begin to women from the loines , and through the back do come to the head : But to men they doe rather beginne in the backe part then in the forepart ; as from the hinder parte of the thighes and from the elbowes : the raritie and thinnesse of the skinne is a token ther of ▪ which thing the hayre there growing dooth declare and manifest . [ 70 ] These which are taken with a Quartane ague , are not much assaulted with convulsions : but if before they haue bin assayled , vpon the comming of the Quartan they are deliuered and freed . [ 71 ] Those which haue their skinnearid , withered , and drie , doe dye without sweate : but those who haue their skinne loose , and open , do end their life with sweate . [ 72 ] Those that are diseased with the Iaundis , are not much molested with windinesse . The end of : the fift Section of the Aphorisms of Hypocrates . Here followeth the 6. Section . The Argument . THIS sixt Section dooth almost altogether concerne that part of the Art , which foretelleth good and euill things to happen in diseases . [ 1 ] In a long lubricitie , and slipperinesse of the guts , if a sowrish belching do happen , which was not before , it is a good signe . [ 2 ] Those which haue their nostrils more moist then others by nature , and their seede also , doe inioy their health but badly : but those which haue the contrarie properties , doe leade their life more healthfully . [ 3 ] In long difficulties , pains or fluxes of the bowelles a loathing of meate is euill : and with a feuer it is more euill . [ 4 ] Vlcers or soares which are smooth and glaber , are maligne , and euill . [ 5 ] In the paine of the sides , and of the breast , and of the other parts , wee must learne if the sicke do differ much , or keepe at a staie . [ 6 ] The diseases and infirmities of the kidneies and bladder , are of hard & difficult curation in old men . [ 7 ] Dolours and paines of the bellie being aloft & in the vpper part , are more light and easie ; not being aloft are more tedious and forcible . [ 8 ] Vlcers or sores arising in the body of those which are diseased with the dropsie , are not easily cured . ( 9 ) Wheales being broade , are not very full of itching . [ 10 ] Corrupt matter , water , or bloud issuing out by the nostrils , mouth , or eares , dissolueth and cureth a vehement & grieuous headache . ( 11 ) The Haemorrhoids happening to those which are troubled with melancholy and paine of the kidneies , are good and profitable . ( 12 ) Vnless in the cure of the Haemorrhoids which haue long continued , there be one veine kept open , it is to bee feared that a dropsie or consumption will shortly follow . ( 13 ) The hicket or yexing trobling or vexing vs , is put away by sneesing . ( 14 ) If water flowe , from the veines of him which is diseased with the dropsie , to the bellie , the disease is dissolued ( if nature it selfe make euacuation . ) ( 15 ) Vomiting comming by the benefit of nature , dissolueth and riddeth away a long flux or loosenesse of the bellie ( by reason of the retraction & drawing back of the humours which did bend downwards . ) [ 16 ] A loosenesse of the belly happening to one afflicted with a pleurisie , or the disease of the lunges named peripneumonia , is an euill thing . ( 17 ) It is a good thing for him which is troubled with a watrish running of the eies called lippitudo , to be taken with a flux and loosenesse of the bellie . ( 18 ) It is a deadly thing when the bladder is wounded , or the braine , or the heart , the midriffe , anie small gut , the stomach , or the liuer . [ 19 ] A bone perished or cut off , or a cartilag , gristle or sinew , or any little parcell of the eye lid , or the praeputium beeing diminished , doe not growe or ioine together . [ 20 ] If bloud flowe into the belly contrarie to nature , it corrupteth and is putrified of necessitie . [ 21 ] If the swelling of veins in the legs , named varices , or the Haemorrhoids , shall happen to them which are madde and frantick , then the disease of madnesse is dissolued . ( 22 ) Breaches or fluxes of humors which do descend frō the backe to the elbow , are dissolued by opening of a veine . [ 23 ] If feare and sadnesse doe continéw long , it is a signe of melancholie . [ 24 ] If anie small or slender gut bee wounded or pearced , it dooth not close or grow togither againe . [ 25 ] If the cholericke tumor Erysipelas , being outwarde be returned inwards , it is euill : but if being inward it be turned outwards it is a good thing . [ 26 ] Those burning feuers are dissolued with dotage , or rauing , in which there are trembling shakings . [ 27 ] If the corruption , matter , or water , do flowe out altogether at once , from them which are burnt , by catire , or cut , by the Chirurgion for the cure of the inwarde apostumation betweene the lungs and the breast , or of the dropsie , thē the diseased shall die without all doubt . [ 28 ] Eunuches or gelded men are not diseased with the gout , neither do wax bald . [ 29 ] A woman is not troubled with the gout , vnlesse her monthly termes doe faile her . ( 30 ) A young stripling is not troubled with the gout , before he hath vsed venerie . [ 31 ] Drinking of strong wine , or a bath , a fomentation , phlebothomy ( or letting of bloud ) or a purgation doth cure paines of the eies . [ 32 ] Those which slammer , are taken most commonly with a long flux of the bellie . ( 33 ) Those which haue sower belchings , are not much subiect to a plurisie . [ 34 ] Great swelling veins , named varices , are not incident to them which are balde : but yet they haue their haire growing againe on their head , to whom the swellings & veins do happen being balde . ( 35 ) If a cough come vpon them which are diseased with a dropsie , it is an euill thing . ( 36 ) Phlobotomie , or bloud-letting , cureth the difficultie of making vrine , but we must opē the inward veins . [ 37 ] If a tumour appeare in the neck to him that is diseased with angina , it is a good thing . [ 38 ] Those which haue hidden or deepe Cancers , are not to bee healed or cured of them : for they which are healed die sooner ; and those which are not cured of them liue the longer . ( 39 ) A convulsion is caused either by repletion , or by euacuation : so is also the hicket or yexing . [ 40 ] Those which haue paine at the Hypocondrium without an inflammation , are cured by a feuer hapning to them . ( 41 ) If corrupt matter giue forth no signification , nor signe of it self in the bodies of the diseased , the cause that it dooth not disclose it selfe nor appeare , is either for the grossenesse and thicknesse of it selfe , or of the place . [ 42 ] If the liuer vvaxe hard to them which are affected with the yellow iaundis , it is an euill thing . [ 43 ] The spleneticke , which are taken with a bloody fluxe of the bowels , do die of a dropsie , or a slipperinesse of the bowells , called a lientery , following a long fluxe . [ 44 ] They die within seauen daies , to whom the disease named Ileos , or pain in the small guts , shall happen after a strangurie , vnlesse a feuer comming vpon them , store of vrine shall issue forth . [ 45 ] If vlcers continew a yeer or longer , the bone of necessitie must growe fowle , and bee corrupted , and so hollow cicatrizes are caused . [ 46 ) Those vvhich become crookt backt by shortness of wind , or a cough ▪ before they attaine to ripenesse of age , doe die quickly . [ 47 ] Those are to be let bloud or purged in the spring time to whome opening of a veine or purging may do good . [ 48 ] The difficulty of the intestins , and guts , comming vpon them which are diseased with the splene ( viz. with hardnesse ) is good . [ 49 ] Goutie diseases , the inflammation beeing asswaged , within fortie daies do cease . [ 50 ] It must needs bee that a feuer , vomiting , and perbraking of choler must come vpon them which haue their braine diuided , or wounded . [ 51 ] Those which are in health being sodainly taken with headache and thereupon presently become dumbe , and snort , doe die within seauen daies , vnlesse a feuer come vpon them in the meane while . [ 52 ] But we ought to behold in their sleepes also , if anie part of the eies do appeare vnderneath the liddes : for if anie thing appeare of the white of them , the eye lids not being fast closed , if it doe not happen by a fluxe of the belly or by som medicinall potion , it is an euil and a verie deadly signe . ( 53 ) That doting which is done with laughter , is not so daungerous : but that which is done with earnest sadnesse is more daungerous . ( 54 ) Painefull breathings in sharp diseases with a feuer , as it were , of such as sigh , & mourne , are euill . ( 55 ) Paines of the gowt doe most commonly afflict & are prouoked in the spring and autumn . ( 56 ) The falling down of humors are very dangerous in melancholicke diseases , at these seasons , and do declare an apoplexie , or a cōvulsion , madness , or blindnesse . [ 57 ] Also apoplexies are caused most especially from the fortith to the threescore yeers . ( 58 ) If the Call Omentum shal hang forth of the bodie it putrifieth of necessitie . [ 59 ] Those that are afflcted with long pain of the hips , hauing the huckle bone cōming forth & returning in again into his place , haue clammy flegme collected and gathered together in the hollownesse of that part . [ 60 ] Those which haue the huckle bone ( being the hed or vpper part of the thigh ) comming out , and tormented with the ache called sciatica , shal haue the thigh of feeblished and consumed : and they doe halt and are lame , vnlesse they are burned ( with hot iron instruments . ) The end of the sixt Section of the Aphorisms of Hypocrates . Here followeth the 7. Section . The Argument . THIS seauenth booke is altogether prognosticall and foretelling things to come in which he intreateth of the presagements and foretokens of health and death . [ 1 ] Coldness of the extream parts in sharpe diseases is euill . ( 2 ) Flesh black , and blew , because of a fowle diseased bone , is an euill thing . [ 3 ] The hicket after vomiting , and also rednesse of the eyes , are euill . [ 4 ] After sweate , colde shiuerings , and shakings , are not good . [ 5 ] After madnes which the Greekes call mania , a blodie fluxe , the dropsie , or an extasie or traunce is good . [ 6 ] Abhorring of meate in a long disease , and the excremēts auoided downwards without mixture of humors , are euill . [ 7 ] Cold shakings , and fond doting , after much drinking , is euill . [ 8 ] After the eruption of an impostume inwardly , faintnesse , and loosenesse of the parts of the bodie , vomiting & swouning doth ensue . [ 9 ] After a fluxe of bloud , Delirium , or a convulsion is euill . [ 10 ] After the Iliack passion , vomiting , the hicket , doting and convulsion , are euill . [ 11 ] An impostume of the lungs , named peripneumonia , after a pleurisie is euill . [ 12 ] A phrensie with a peripneumonia , is euill . ( 13 ) A convulsion or the crampe ( Tetanus ) because of hot burnings , is euill . ( 14 ) Astonishment , and doting called Delirium , thorough some blowe of the head , is an euill signe . [ 15 ] The spitting out of corrupt matter after the spitting of bloud , is euill . ( 16 ) A consumption , or pthisis , and a flux of the bellie , comming after spitting of corrupt matter , are euill signs : for when the spitting is stopped the diseased doe die . [ 17 ] The hicket , or singult comming through an inflammatiō of the liuer , is euill . [ 18 ] A convulsion or delirium caused through watching , is an euill thing . ( 19 ) After the laying bare of a bone , the inflammation and hot tumor Erisipelas is euill . [ 20 ] Putrefaction , or impostumation from the inflammation Erisipelas , is euill . [ 21 ] A fluxe of bloud after a strong pulse , in vlcers is euill . [ 22 ] After a long paine of the parts belonging to the belly , an impostumation is euill . ( 23 ) After auoyding of vnmixed excrements downewards , a bloody fluxe is euill . ( 24 ) Delirium , or foolishness doth insue after the wound of a bone , if it shall penetrate into the hollowe or voide space . ( 25 ) A convulsion after the taking of a purging potiō bringeth death . [ 26 ] A great coldnesse of the extreame and vtmost parts through vehement pain of of the parts , pertaining to the belly , is euill . ( 27 ) If the disease , called tenasmus , shall happen to a woman with childe , it is the cause of aborcement . [ 28 ] If either a bone , cartilag or sinew shall be cut in the bodie , it doth neither increase nor growe togither againe . [ 29 ] If a strong flux or loosenesse of the bellie shall come vpon him that is diseased with the dropsie named leucophlegmatia , it dissolueth and cureth the disease . ( 30 ) They haue a falling downe of flegmaticke humors from the head , which doe auoide frothie and fomie excrements out of the belly in their laxnesse and loosenesse of the same . ( 31 ) Sediments in vrins made in the time of agues , like vnto course wheate meale , do signifie that the sickness shall continuew long . [ 32 ] Cholericke Sediments appearing in vrins , but being before thinne , and waterish , do signifie a sharpe disease . [ 33 ] Those which make diuers vrins , haue a vehement disturbance , and vnquietnesse in the bodie . [ 34 ] The vrins , in which bubbles doe swimme aloft , do signifie the disease of the reines , and that the infirmitie and weakenesse shall indure long . [ 35 ] It is a signe that the disease is of the reines , and a sharp disease to be present , to them in whose vrin a fattie and thicke superficies appeareth . ( 36 ) If also paines be caused to those which are diseased with the griefe of the kidnies about the muscles of the backe bone , and haue the signes abouesaid ; if they be felt towardes the outward parts , looke and expect that the Apostume shall also bee outwardly : but if the paines bend and incline rather to the inwarde parts , wee must then feare that the apostume shal be inwardly . ( 37 ) Vomiting of bloud is wholsome to them which doe it without a feuer : but if it be with a feuer it is an euill thing ; and the cure and remedie of the same is to bee performed vvith things that haue a cooling and a binding qualitie and virtue . [ 38 ] Distillations vpon the vpper bellie , doe come to suppuration and ripenesse within twentie daies . ( 39 ) If anie one pisse bloud , or clots of bloud , and bee diseased with the disease named the stranguria , the paine attaining to the part of the bellie , called Abdomen or Hypogastrion , & the place named pecten ( and also to perinaeum ) the places and partes aboue the bladder are diseased . [ 40 ] If the tong be sodainely become feeble , or anie part of the bodie being astonished , be benūmed without feeling , it is a sign of melancholie . ( 41 ) If the hicket do happen to olde men purged aboue measure , it is not good . ( 42 ) If the feuer be not caused of choler , store of warme water powred vppon the head doth dissolue the feuer . [ 43 ] A woman hath not the vse of both hands alike . [ 44 ] If cleare and white matter doe issue out from them which are affected with corrupt matter betweene the breast and the lunges whē they suffer cauterising or incision , they do escapes but if bloodie , stinking , & filthy matter do issue forth , they die and cannot escape . ( 45 ) If cleare and white matter doe issue from them whose liuer is corrupted or apostumated with filthy matter , and burnt , they recouer health and become sound : for the corrupt matter is contained in the coat : but if that which commeth forth bee like the lees and dregs of oyle , they die . ( 46 ) Cure and heale pains of the eyes which proceede from drinking of strong wine , and bathing in hot water , by opening of a veine . ( 47 ) If a cough come vpon one diseased with the dropsie , he is without hope of recouerie . ( 48 ) Drinking of nete strong wine , and the opening of a veine , dooth dissolue the diseases stranguria , & disuria : but the inward veines must be opened . ( 49 ) A swelling and rednesse arising on the breast of him which is grieued with angina , it is good : for the disease bendeth and inclineth outwardlie . [ 50 ] They die within three daies whose braine is corrupted & benummeds but if they ouerpass them they shall recouer their health . ( 51 ) Sternutation or sneesing is prouoked out of the hed , the braine being much heated , or the voide and wide space of the head beeing much moistned ; for the air inclosed within doth break forth : but it maketh a noise because it passeth through a narrow place . [ 52 ] Those that are grieued with vehement pain of the liuer , are deliuered from the paine , if an ague come vpon them . [ 53 ] Those which haue occasion to haue bloud taken frō them , must be let bloud in the spring . ( 54 ) Those which haue fleagm inclosed between the ventricle and the midriffe , and the same also painefull vnto them , hauing no passage into either of the bellies , are deliuerd frō the disease , the fleagme being turned and cōuaied through the veins into the bladder . [ 55 ] Those haue their bellie filled with water , and doe die , whose liuer replenished with water , shal make a breach , and eruption of the same into the belly named , Omentum . [ 56 ] Wine being drunk with an equal proportion of water , doth put awaie sorrow , yawning , and colde shaking . ( 57 ) For this , looke in the 4. Section , and 82. Aphorism , where it is expounded . ( 58 ) They must of necessitie become dumbe forthwith , which haue their braine vehemently shaken , and troubled by some outward occasion . ( 59 ) Hunger and fasting is to be endured of bodies consisting of moist flesh : for fasting dryeth the bodie . [ 60 ] Where there is an alteration in the whole bodie , & the body becommeth cold and hot againe , and changeth from one colour to an other , the cōtinuance of the disease is signified . ( 61 ) Much sweate , hotte , or cold , alwaies issuing forth , doth declare , that the moisture in a strong bodie is to bee euacuated , and purged vpwards : but in a weak body , downwards . [ 62 ] If agues become more fierce and vehement euerie third daie without anie intermission , they are dangerous . But in what manner soeuer they shall cease , it signifieth that they want danger . ( 63 ) Those which are afflicted with long feuers , haue little swellings or aches in the ioynts . [ 64 ] Those which haue long swellings or paines in the ioints after a feuer , doe vse too plentifull a dyet . [ 65 ] If anie giue the meate to one sick of a feuer , which hee giueth to a sound and healthfull person , he shall strengthen the whole person , and increase the maladie of the sicke partie . [ 66 ] Wee must looke vpon those things which passe through the bladder , whether they bee such as issue forth in prosperous health . For those which are vnlike thē , are vnhealthful signes : but those which are like thē are healthfull signes . [ 67 ] Also whē the sediments if thou shalt suffer them to rest , & shalt not moue thē , doe sinke downe into the bottome like shauings , or parings of guttes : or such like matter : which if they shal befew , do signifie that the disease is little : but if they shall be many doe signify that the disease is great ; then it is necessarie that euacuation & purgation be made downewards : otherwise if the belly being not purged , thou shalt giue broaths and nourishment , the more thou shalt giue , the more thou shalt hurt . ( 68 ) Crude , rawe and vndigested excrements , voided downwards , doe proceed from blacke choler : if they be manie they proceed frō a more copious quantity , if they be few they proceede from a lesse quantitie . ( 69 ) Spittings in feuers not intermitting , ash coloured , bloodish , cholerick , stinking , are all euil . Yet if they come forth conuenientlie and easilie , they are good . Also if any thing issue out through the bellie , & bladder , or from any other part of the bodie whatsoeuer , which shall not restore him to health which is purged , then it is euill . [ 70 ] When any one goeth about to purge vnclean bodies , he must make the bodies soluble and fluxible ; and if hee will purge vpwards , the belly must be cōstipated & hardned : but if he wil purge downewards , it must be softned and loosed . [ 71 ] Sleepe and watch fulness if they exceede a measure , are a disease . [ 72 ] In feuers not intermitting , if the exterior partes bee colde and the inwarde be burning , and the patient verie thirstie , it is a deadly signe . [ 73 ] In a feuer not intermitting , but continuall , if the lip , nose , eye , or eye-brow , bee peruerted & turned awrie , if the sicke man doth not see , nor heare , whatsoeuer of these things shall happē to a weak sick man , death is neare at hand . ( 74 ) A dropsie is ingendred by white fleagme . ( 75 ) From a laxness & loosenesse of the bellie named diarrhoea , doth proceed the bloudy flux dysenteria . [ 76 ) The flux named Lienteria , dooth come vpon the bloody flux , named dysenteria . [ 77 ] After the corruption or putrefaction of the bone ( called in greeke Sphacelismus ) ther followeth an impostumation of the bone . [ 78 ] After vomiting of bloud , a cōsumption , & an euacuation of purulent & filthie matter doth follow and insue . ( 79 ) Wee ought to beholde what things they be which passe out by vrines , by the belly , or womb , and what things issue out thorough the flesh : And we must also consider and beholde if the bodie do decline or degenerat in any other thing from nature . For if little be auoided , the disease is little , if much be auoided the disease is great , and if verie much then it is a deadlie thing . The ende of the 7. Section of the Aphorisms of Hypocrates . Here followeth the 8. Section . The Argument . THE intention and scope of this eight book which is the ▪ last , cannot be assigned : because the Aphorisms be variable & different ; yet almost all are reduced to that part of physicke , which foretelleth things to come . [ 1 ] Men aboue 40. yeeres of age , being troubled with a phrensie , are not cured at all : for they are in lesse perill and daunger whose disease is agreeable to their nature and age . ( 2 ) It is a good thing in what disease soeuer , when the eyes doe shed teares for some cause or occasion : but when they weep without a cause , it is an euill thing in anie diseases whatsoeuer they be . [ 3 ] In what Quartan feuers so euer blood shall issue forth of the nostrils , it is an euill thing . [ 4 ] If sweats be caused in the iudiciall daies they are dangerous , especially such as issue forth from the forehead like drops of water , and bubling water pipes , beeing verie colde and aboundant : for it must needs bee that such sweate commeth forth with much force long labour and strayning . [ 5 ] Depression of the bellie after a long disease is euill . [ 6 ] Incision doth cure those vlcers which are not cured by medicines : and those which are not cured by incision , are cured by cauterizing : but those which are not cured by the cautier , are iudged incurable . [ 7 ] Consumptions are ingendred , from the , 18. yeer of the age , vnto the thirtie and fift yeere . ( 8 ) The tongue blacke and bloudish , when anie of these signes are absent , then the euill and maladie is not forcible , and signifieth lesse paine . [ 9 ] The right testicle being cold and hauing a convulsion , is a messenger of death . [ 10 ] The nailes blacke , the toes of the feet colde , hanging downe , or stooping forwards , doe declare that death is verie neere . [ 11 ] Also the extreame parts of the fingers being colde , are a signification of death drawing neare . ( 12 ) Also , the lips ashe coloured , resolued , and effeeblished , disordered and peruerted , are deadly signes . [ 13 ] If the eyes bee darkned or cannot abide the light , also he which is oppressed with much sleepe , & great heat , is without hope . [ 14 ] If anie one become raging by little & little , with furious madnesse , if anie one doe not knowe them with whom he hath beene familiar , if he doe not hear nor vnderstand , it is a deadlie signe . [ 15 ] Those are more euident signes to them which shall die a little while after , if the ventricles , or cauities bee lifted and heaued vp , swel , and bee puffed vp with winde . Finis Aphorismorum . A BRIEFE discourse vpon the nature & substance of the Ey . AN eye is a member , of substance , roūd , whol and hard as a ball ( which may aptly be resembled to a bright bason , full of cleer resplendent water ) fixed in the wel or spring of the hed to minister light to the liuing body by influence of the visible spirit , sent from the Cell of phantasie , or cōmon wits by a sinew , that is called Nervus Opticus , with helpe of a greater light ministred without . Right well may the place wherin nature hath placed the eye bee tearmed the fountaine or spring of the eye , in respect of the abundance of waterie humidities , and teares which are often seene to issue & flow thereat ; which happeneth vpon diuers occasions : as somtime of inward sorrow and heauinesse of the disstressed heart , sometimes of ioy and gladnesse immoderate : yea , and otherwhiles it proceedeth of the onlie superfluitie & abundance of humours ingendred of vnnaturall and distemperate coldnesse . And this may suffice to declare briefly what an eye is . It resteth now , that we shew of what parts it doth consist . Touching which matter a certain learned writer called Iohannicius in his introductiō affirmeth , that the eie hath seuen tunicles , or coates , fowre colours , and three humours . The first of the said tunicles , or coats , he calleth Retina : the second Secondina , the third Sclerotica , the fourth Aranea , the fift Vuea , the sixt Cornea , the seauenth and last , Subiunctiua . Of the colours , he saith , the first is blacke , the second Subpallidus , that is whitish , the thirde Niueus , the fowrth Glaucus . Now of the humors , according to his mind , one is called , vitreus humor . i. a glassie humour : the second is called albugineus . i. resembling the color of the white of an egge : the third is called Crystallinus , that resembleth the clearenesse of Crystall . And this as I haue expressed is the iudgement & opinion of Iohannicius . Neuerthelesse , I my selfe vpon knowledge attayned by cutting dead bodies , am moued to dissent from him both in coats , and also in colours . Therfore you shal vnderstand my minde also in this matter . I find in the studious dissection of the eye , the tunicle called salua trix , which saueth and keepeth the humors ordeined naturally , to be in the member ; of which duetie it hath that name . Secōdly , the tunicle or coat , called discolorata ; so named because that while it remains in the eye , in it self it hath properly no colour , but is varied and diuersly affected according to the diuersities of colours which appeare in the eye . For , when the crystalline humour is neere the tunicle of the eies , then loe they seem of no colour . But whē it is deep within them , it giueth a shew of 3. colours : wherfore I may well conclude , that the eie of it selfe it discoloured , and of no colour properlie . Yet this by obseruation is found to be verie true : they which haue the humours very lowe and deepe set in the bodies of their eyes ( by reason whereof they seeme to be of black colour ) haue their sight best for a time : but when they approache vnto thirtie yeeres and vpward , it beginneth to faile and appaire . And such as haue the humours placed in the middle or meane region of the eye , commonly are indued with good sight both young and olde : the colour of their eyes is menable black , which is gray . Howbeit , it is seene that this sort of eies is more subiect vnto Opthalmies , Pannicles , with diuers other euell affects then those that be of other colours . Moreouer , I say , those that haue the humors more outwardly , vnderneath the tunicles , as their eyes appeare vnto sight more various and diuers coloured , inclining much vnto whitenesse , so their visible facultie is not very good , neyther in youth nor in age . The reason is , because in such maner of eyes aboundeth humours and teares more then in others . For when the visible spirits descend down , by the hollow optique sinewes , & find about the tunicles of the eye abundance and plentie of vicious humours , they be the sooner scattered & dissolued from the humours , by occasion whereof the sight is more weak & feeble in them then in gray eyes , which before we called menable blacke . And they that haue the sayde graie eyes may seeme to haue their sight more durable , for that the crystalline humour being resident in the midst , maketh the visible spirits to rest and staie there ; which by the glasen humour and the saide tunicle are so preserued and kept , that they may not readily be dispersed . But in them which haue the humours depressed , and kept down ( which as we said before ) maketh the eie to look blacke , the sight is better then in other , because the crystalline humour is deep within : and therfore the visible spirit comming from the Optique nerue at hand , findeth the larger space , & possesseth plentifullie all the cauitie and hollowness of the eies , before it passeth out from the glasen humor and the vppermore tunicles . But as I said , it dureth not in manie folke vntill age . For oftentimes in such manner of eyes are ingendred * Catharactes , yet more in som sorts of them , then in other . As concerning the humor I willinglie subscribe vnto the opinion of Iohannicius and make therein no variance . Hereafter followeth the manner of helping the catharact by the needle , out of the same author . A Catharact is nothing else but a water corrupt or congealed like a curde , engendred of humours distempered in the eye , betwixt the tunicles , and ●et before the sight of the eye , and the crystalline humour . And of the manner of Catharactes be noted seuen kindes , whereof fowre be curable . And the first of the curable sort is light , euen like vnto white chaulke or alablaster , well polished . This hapneth oftentimes with a stroake in the eye , with a sticke or a stone , or anie other outward violence . The second kind curable is somewhat white , and much resembleth the skie colour . It proceedeth from the stomacke ; and is commonlie caused of euill meats , wherof a grosse fumositie resolueth and ascendeth vp vnto the braine , from thence falling downe againe into the eyes . The third kinde curable is also whitish , but enclining vnto the colour of ashes ; and is commonlie ingendred of paine in the head , as megrime and such others . Also it is caused sometime thorough great sorrow and heauinesse prouoking great lamentation & weeping . And somtime of much colde , immoderat watching , and such like . The fourth kinde of Catharactes curable is of citrine colour , and is commonly engendred of excesse in meate and drinke , euill digestion , great labour , and sometime of melancholick humours . And these which wee haue remembred bee the fowre kindes of Catharactes curable , but not vntill they be ripe & confirmed . And the time of their ripenesse , is when the patient cannot see at all anie longer , except it bee the brightnesse of the sunne by daie , and the light of the moone , or a candle by night . Now for the cure to proceed orderly first you must purge the braine , with these pills ordained for that purpose , called Pillulae Hierusolymitanae . And giuing the patient this on the one daie , on the next following about nine of the clocke , while he is yet fasting , cause him to sit ouerthwart a stoole in ryding fashion , and sit thou also on the same stoole face to face , & make the patient holde his whole eye close with his hand , and in that state charge him so to sit stedfastly not starting in any wise . This done , first with thy owne hand lifting vp the ouer eye lidde , with thy other hand put in thy needle made for that purpose , on the side further from the nose ; and finely thrilling the tunicle called Saluatrix , writhe alwaies thy finger to and fro , till thou touch with the point of thy needle the corrupt ▪ water , which indeede is the Catharacts and then begin to remooue downewarde from aboue , with the point of thy needle , the sayde water which lyeth before the fight : and driuing it downe to the neathermost partes , keepe it there still with the point of the needle , as long space as may serue thee to say fowre or fiue times the Lords Prayer . Then remooue easilie thy needle there from , and if it happen to rise vp againe , bring it eftsoones to the cordes of the eye to the earwarde . But heere you must bevvare that after the needle hath touched the Catharact , in anie wise you vvryth no more your fingers to and fro till it bee out . And after vvhen it is all out , cause him to shut his eye , and anone make a playster of cotten or flaxen hardes , vvith the vvhite of an Egge , and laie it vpon the sore eye , & cause him to lie downe in his bed , vntill the 9. day , giuing him in straight charge that during all that time he stirre not his eye : & thrise in the daie , and thrise in the night , remoue his plasters , and make him to lie in a darke place ; namely , all that time . For his dyet within the sayd nine daies , let him eate reare egs with bread : and if he be young , & strong of body , let him drinke water , and keepe straight dyet during the time . But being in age , permit him the vse of wine , but well watered . Now for the substance of the needle wherewith you worke , let it be of gold , siluer , or at least spanish latten , and in no wise of yron or steele : for yron and steele is hard , and with the hardnesse it dissolueth the substance which it toucheth . Or else for this cause , if the Catharact be hard , it might peraduenture breake in the drawing downe thereof at the point : for vron & steele be free and brittie , and the breaking therof remaining therein , might be cause of consumption of the same through the aboundance of teares , and greatnesse of paine . Furthermore , I giue you to vnderstand , that the first kinde of Catharacts curable , are easie and soone holpen : but yet they that bee cured thereof recouer not their sight perfectlie , for as much as the humours in the eye bee vnperfect , disgregate and dissolued , by the bruise and stroake , which at the first caused the Catharact . The second kinde of Catharacts curable , if they bee well cured vvith a cunning workeman , in this feate , the sight returneth again to his former goodnesse , because of the purenesse of the humors which bee not dissolued , and also for the aboundance of visible spirits reserued in the eye : for these causes , I say , they bee better then other . The third kinde of Catharacts curable after they bee holpen , in manner aboue sayde , and the sight restored , it endureth not long time in that estate , vnlesse it bee holpen with medicines , as with our Electuarie , which is called Dia Olibanorum Hierusolimitanum , and by wholsom regiment of diet , wherein he must refrain from goats flesh , Eeles , & such other● but especiallie those that might engender rawe humours : for certainly I haue proued by experience , the same to bee verie euill and noysome in this wise ; for diuerse haue come vnto me with Catharactes not fully confirmed , to vvhome I haue giuen rawe onyons , by eating whereof in short space they haue become ripe and readie to the needle . Whereupon I gather that rawe Onyons be noysom vnto the sight , and inducers of Catharacts . Furthermore , let not the patient in the winter season ( if it may be otherwise ) drink any hot wines , in the which bee put sage and rue . Let him forbeare ( as much as may be ) the companie of women , forbid him the vse of all common bathes and stewes . But if he will bathe him , let it be with a vessell ordained with the decoction of Camomill , and other sweete smelling hearbes : but in any wise let him keepe his head without the vessell that the fume come not into his eyen , for that were noysome . The Electuarie of Dia Olibanum is also good to auoide teares , and to dry them vp , as likewise it is right profitable for all manner paine of the megrime which is caused of fleagme . The fourth kind of Catharactes curable is , those that bee of colour citrine more harder then the other , and of forme round : wherefore , it may not be laid right downe in the eie , for it will not abide there , because of the said roundnesse and hardnesse of it : therefore it must be laide in the corner of the eie to the eare ward , & there be kept with the needle a great while as is aforesaid . And thus to conclude . I do you to vnderstand , there needeth not anie abstinence from meats which be clean and healthsome , after the cure is perfectly atchieued ; saue only in the third kind : which thing to be true experience hath taught mee . Neuerthelesse , it behoueth oftentimes to vse comfortatiues , & nutritiues for the visible spirits in the eye afterwarde . Of the three kindes of Catharacts vncurable . THe first kinde of Catharactes vncurable , is that which the Physicians of Salerne in Italie doe call Guttam serenam , and these be the signes whereby yee may knowe it : when the pupil of the ey . i. the place of the middest of the eye , hath the depth of the visible part , blacke and cleare as though it had no spotte , and the eyes are alwayes moouing their lids , trembling , as though it were quickesiluer . Verilie , this kinde of Catharact is ingendred & caused of a corruption in the mothers wombe : and therfore they that haue these kinds of Catharactes , bee blinde euen at their natiuity ; of which sort I haue seen many , and haue assaied by many waies and medicines to cure them : but the successe was not worthy my labour , neither yet haue I heard that any other haue sped better in dealing with that sort . Neuerthelesse , in processe of time , I perceiued that of this manner of Catharact , ther were diuersities of kinds . For som of those persons which had them might see the brightnesse of the sunne , & went by the way with open eies , as though they had perfectly seene : yea moreouer som of them might see the stature of a man , or a beast or anie other thing , and some enioyed this little portion of sight vnto their liues end , whereas in othersome it doth vanish awaie , and they become starke blinde . Therefore assure your selues , they that haue such maner of Catharacts , be deplorat and without al possibilitie of cure by mans hand . For why ? the nerue optique is deplorate and mortified , so that there is no manner of helpe in power of hand , or medicine for them : and this aforesaide kinde is called Gutta serena , because it is engendred of a corruption , comming downe from the braine , like a droppe of water , which one droppe corrupteth and dissolueth all the humour naturall in the eye : in so much that from thence forwards the concaue & hollow nerues be oppilat and ouerlaid , in that the visible spirits may no more passe downe by them into the eye . The second kinde of Catharact vncurable , is that which doth appeare in the eye , of greene colour like water standing in watrie places , not much mooued with running . This sort is yet worse then al the other , and springeth of the immoderate and excessiue coldenesse of the brayne with great beating and diseases of the head , with vnmeasurable fasting & such like . The third and last kind of curelesse catharacts , bee those in which the circles may not bee seene within the tunicles of the eye ; but the eye appeareth all ouer blacke ▪ or all ouer white : and who so busieth himselfe to cure anie of these three kinds of Catharacts , he abuseth his time and labour , more worthie to bee reproued for his ignorāce , then any wayes commended for his fruitlesse diligence . Here followeth the cure of Ophthalmia and other diseases of the eies . THis Ophthalmia is an inflāmatiō of the whol eye , hapning by som great diffluxion from the brain , and in the tunicle of the eie which is called coniunctiua : this infirmitie is somtimes cured by dropping into the eye womans milke , with the white of an egge , and especially if it shall happen from some outwarde cause , or from bloud . If it chance to happen by some blowe , or through colde , then the yolke of an egge boyled hard and mixed with oyle of roses and a little saffron must be applyed , If it shall happen through dust or smoak , wash the eie with colde water : if from repletion , or fulnesse , open the head veine , which is a present remedie : if the humors be grosse and thicke , administer an euaporation of the decoction of lentiles with water , also wash the eye with sponges intincted in a decoction of foenugraeck . In this disease it is verie good to vse abstinēce from meate and drinke , the dyet must incline to colde and moysture . Wine , egs , and all sweete things are hurtfull . An excellent Collyrium , which doth mitigate , re presse and beat backe heat , & inflammation . TAke the muscelage of psyllium , of gum dragant , of quinces , being prepared in rose water , of either 3. drams , of womans milk giuing sucke to a girle fiue drams , of the white of an egge well beaten , two drams : mixe them and instill thereof into the eye . Or else vse this emplaster against an hot fluxe of the eye . Take of the iuyce of the hearbe vermicularis , of virgapastoris , of plantaine , of nightshade , of endiue , of purslan , & such like ▪ with the flowre of barley and oyle of roses make an emplaster ; which must bee applied to the temples of the forehead : or dippe linnen clothes in the iuyces and applie them to the forehead . The face may be washed with running water , rose-water mixed with a little vinegar : so that will alter the biting humor , flowing to the eye . If the eye happen to bee hurt , or wounded with a thorne , needle , or knife , we must presently make repercussion . Take bole armonick , sanguis draconis , tutia prepared gum arabick , & dragant , of either a dram , make a powder & mix therwith 6. ounces of rosewater in a glasse viol , then let it stand in hot water the space of an howr , thē afterwards add 1. ounce of the wine of pomgranats ▪ & so let it stand for 1. whol daie , & then straine it , & of that straining put a little into the eie Morn , & Euen ; and for to lay ouer , you shall frame an emplaster with the iuices of houslike & niteshade , of either two ounces : or in their place take rosewater , bole armonicke , myrrh , gumdragant and araback ; of either one ounce : make it into pouder and so apply it in the form of an emplaster to the eyes , for it doth both beat back , and cure . For spots or webs in the eie beeing remaining after the cure , we must presently vse this remedie . Take young Pyes out of the nest a little before they are readie to flie , let them bee cleane puld and cut in peeces , and then distilled : of which water put into the eyes an houre before supper , and in the morning it remoueth away al redness , spots , and cataracts : this remedie is confirmed by experience : some doe affirme the same virtue to be in Consolidaregalis . Sometimes the eyes do weepe and water against the will , which is caused by the debilitie of the braine , beeing weake and ouer-moist : for which cause thou shalt do no more but drop into the eye for xv . dayes togither , two drops of the water of Tapsus barbatus , called in english Hagtaper . Againe , Rue being dryed and beaten into powder , and mixed with hunny and vineger , and boyled and after strained through a linnen cloth and the eyes therewith anointed will restraine the vveeping and teares thereof : the patient must auoide all things that do euaporat & fly vp to the braine : if the cause proceed from choler or from bloud , it shall bee diuerted by bloud-letting : if the cause proceede from fleame , it is good to purge with pilles of aureae , and imperiales ; take heede of gargarisms , masticatories , and apophlegmatismes . Bathes of warme vvater are verie conuenient so they bee vsed in the morning fasting : for that draweth the matter to the vtter parts . If the matter be sharpe , applie a repercussiue about the forehead framed with the white of an egge . and bolearmonicke , and so applyed vpon a peece of linnen cloth . If the cause haue proceeded from fulnesse or much drinking of wine , let him vse a spare dyet , and open the head veine , and let him purge with the pils of the 5. kindes of myrobalans : his dyet must bee drie ; for hee must auoid all broaths and liquid things : sower grapes and vnripe , beeing burnt in an earthen pot to powder , and searced verie finelie and put into the eyes , doe remoue awaie the teares and rednesse of them . A singular remedie for the eyes , is to take true frankincense , and melted at the fire , and so seauen times extinguished in red rosewater , and thereof instill into the eye that weepeth . An excellent medicin for the eyes that weep , for a pearle , and dimnesse , is this . Take halfe an ounce of tutia , one dram of red corrall , burne them in a vessell of earth , then adde thereunto halfe a dram of sine pearle , and then beat them small into verie fine powder in a stone mortar , and then searce it finely thorough silke , and then put therof into the eye , this is a great secret . How to cure debilitie & weaknesse of the sight . HIs dyet must be good as in ophthalmia , let his head bee well combd with an iuorie combe , let him behold things that are greene , and beholde himselfe in a steel glasse : the vse of triphera dooth comfort very much , because it hindreth euaporations by reason of the myrobalans . Let him take after his meals Diacitoniton , the confection of Coriander prepared , Diapliris , and sugar of roses , in an hot cause . Venerie & lust is hurtfull , and all things that are vaporous . Rapes either rawe , or boiled are very good . Wine vnlesse it be in small quantitie , is verie hurtfull . There must not be made any strōg euacuation , least the spirits be dissolued . An excellent vvater which dooth preserue the sight , and good against all manner of spots , is in this manner . Take Celendine , rue , endiue , betonie , roses , Silermontaine , mallows , maiden haire , of euery one three handfuls , let them be infused in pure white wine for the space of 24. howers and then distilled . A Collyrium for the eies which hath bin approued , is to take tutia prepared , 2. scruples , aloes hepaticke one scruple , cloues halfe a scruple , white vitriol sixe graines , and make a fine powder . Then take rosewater & fenell water of eyther two ounces , let it warme vpon the hot imbers , then mixe the powder therewith , and after a while straine it and put therof into the ey in the mouing . An Electuarie which dooth cleare and comfort the sight . Take the flowers of eye-bright and of betony , of either one ounce , fenelseed three drams , cubebs , maces , cinamon , and cloues , of either one dram , long peper halfe a dram let all be made into fine powder : then take of the iuice of Rue clarified one ounce and a halfe , clarified hony one pint , boyle the iuyce with the honie to a perfection , and then adding three drams of zedoarie to the former powder make an Electuarie . A powder to comfort the sight . TAke betonie , veruin , eyebright , celendine , hysop , penny rioll , sage , all these being dried in the sunne , of euerie one halfe an ounce , horehound , fenel-seed , wild time , Coriander prepared ▪ the seed ▪ of maiotā of euerie a dram , ginger , saffron , cloues , cubebs , nutmegges , cinamon , long peper , galengall , of euery one halfe a dram , rosemary flowers , the citren rynde , of euerie one a scruple , and of fine white sugar three times the weight of all the rest : make all into fine powder , or into lozenges with the water of fenell , eyebright and betony . An houshold receipt for the remouing of any spot or pin and webbe of the eye . TAke the iuice of houslick the quantitie that will goe ▪ into an egge shell , then put therein 3. graines of pure white vitrioll , let them boile togither on the hot ashes , and then scum the top thereof awaie , and drop thereof into the eye morning and euening , and close vp the eye with a boulster of linen . For all inflammations & bloud shotten eies , take the iuyce of a limon , and drop thereof into the eyes at the entrance into the bed , and close vp the eies as is aforesaide : and remember that for all inflammations proceeding of an hot cause bloudletting , to be the present remedie . FINIS . THE LIFE of Hypocrates . HYpocrates by the testimony of Galen , was the son of one Heraclides : but others affirm him to be the sonne of Asclepius , borne and brought vp in the Isle Cos. His master and instructor was the great Pythagoras . Hee was by his nature inclined to goodnesse : for he hated , loathed and abhorred all pomp & worldly pleasures , and the vse of venerie . Hee constrained all his scholers by an oath to vse silence and secrecie , modesty , affabiliti , and humilitie as wel in manners as apparell . He restored the science of physicke ; beeing lost for the space almost of fiue hundred yeeres , euen from the time of Esculapius . Hee was in body and stature very little ; but fayre , and exceeding well fauoured . He had a good and strong head : he went slowely and softly : he was verie pensiue and of few words : he was no great eater nor glutton : hee liued nintie fiue yeeres , and vsed often this sentence ; Hee that wil liue in liberty , let him not desire that which he cannot obtaine : and hee that woulde haue that which hee desireth , let him desire nothing but that which hee may obtaine . In like manner , He that would liue in peace in this mortall life , let him conforme himselfe to him who is inuited to a feast , who giueth thankes for all that is set before him , and grudgeth not at any thing which is omitted . He liued about the times of Eliachim , of Malachi , of Pereno & Socrates . Notes, typically marginal, from the original text Notes for div A03400-e1730 Meaning bloud-letting . Notes for div A03400-e15950 Definition of the eye . The cause of teares . The partes of the eye . Fowre colors of the eye . 3. Humors of the eye . The Authors opinion . Black eies Gray eyes . Whitish eyes . Note this reason . Gray eyes sure of sight . Black eyes ●erfect of ●ight . Definition of a Catharact . Diuision of Catharacts . The first curable kinde . The secōd kinde . The third kinde . The 4. kinde . Tokens of ●penesse . The cure Dyet . The subtance of he needle . The first kinde of Catharacts . The 2. kinde . The 3. kinde . The vertue of Olibanum . The 4. kinde . The first kind of catharacts vncurable . The 2. kinde . The 3. kinde . A good medicin . Bloud-letting . Collyrium Emplaster . A water against in inflammamation of the eye . Emplaster . Weeping eyes . Bathes . A powder for the eies Weake sight . An excellent water to preserue the sight . A Collyrium for the eyes . Electuarie to comfort the sight .