A short compendium of chirurgery containing its grounds & principles : more particularly treating of imposthumes, wounds, ulcers, fractures & dislocations : also a discourse of the generation and birth of man, very necessary to be understood by all midwives and child-bearing women : with the several methods of curing the French pox, the cure of baldness, inflammation of the eyes, and toothach, and an account of blood-letting, cup-setting, and blooding with leeches / by J.S., M.D.
         J. S. (John Shirley), M.D.
      
       
         
           1678
        
      
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             A short compendium of chirurgery containing its grounds & principles : more particularly treating of imposthumes, wounds, ulcers, fractures & dislocations : also a discourse of the generation and birth of man, very necessary to be understood by all midwives and child-bearing women : with the several methods of curing the French pox, the cure of baldness, inflammation of the eyes, and toothach, and an account of blood-letting, cup-setting, and blooding with leeches / by J.S., M.D.
             J. S. (John Shirley), M.D.
             Shirley, John, 1648-1679.
          
           [10], 128 p.
           
             Printed by W.G. and are to be sold by Charles Blount ...,
             London :
             1678.
          
           
             Attributed by Wing to John Shirley, 1648-1679.
             Reproduction of original in the Cambridge University Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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           Medicine -- England -- Early works to 1800.
           Medicine, Popular -- Early works to 1800.
        
      
    
     
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             A
             Short
             Compendium
          
           OF
           CHIRURGERY
           :
           CONTAINING
           ITS
           GROUNDS
           &
           PRINCIPLES
           .
        
         
           More
           particularly
           Treating
           of
           IMPOSTHUMES
           ,
           WOUNDS
           ,
           ULCERS
           ,
           FRACTURES
           &
           DISLOCATIONS
           .
        
         
           ALSO
           A
           DISCOURSE
           of
           the
           Generation
           and
           Birth
           of
           MAN
           ,
           very
           necessary
           to
           be
           understood
           by
           all
           Midwives
           and
           
             Child-bearing
             women
          
           .
        
         
           WITH
           The
           
             Several
             METHODS
          
           of
           Curing
           the
           
             FRENCH
             POX
          
           :
           The
           Cure
           of
           
             Baldness
             ,
             Inflammation
             of
             the
             Eyes
             ,
          
           and
           Tooth-ach
           :
           And
           an
           Account
           of
           
             Blood-letting
             ,
             Cup-setting
          
           ,
           and
           Blooding
           with
           Leeches
           .
        
         
           By
           I.
           S.
           M.
           D.
           
        
         
           LONDON
           ,
           Printed
           by
           
             W.
             G.
          
           and
           are
           to
           be
           sold
           by
           
             
               Charles
            
             Blount
          
           ,
           at
           the
           
             Black
             Raven
          
           in
           the
           Strand
           ,
           near
           
             Worcester-House
          
           .
           1678.
           
        
      
       
         
         
           
             
               Academiae
               Cantabrigiensis
               Liber
            
             Cambridge University blazon or coat of arms
          
        
      
       
         
         
           The
           Preface
           ,
        
         
           
             Courteous
             Reader
             ,
          
        
         
           MY
           Parents
           having
           ever
           destined
           me
           to
           be
           a
           Practical
           Physitian
           ,
           thought
           fit
           to
           make
           me
           begin
           the
           Studies
           thereof
           by
           learning
           Chirurgery
           ,
           probably
           thinking
           I
           might
           thereby
           acquire
           a
           better
           knowledge
           of
           Mans
           Body
           ,
           and
           its
           several
           parts
           ,
           together
           with
           their
           Functions
           ,
           as
           also
           its
           outward
           (
           at
           least
           )
           Indispositions
           and
           Cures
           ,
           than
           by
           only
           reading
           such
           Treatises
           of
           Physiologie
           as
           were
           then
           extant
           ,
           which
           
             Modern
             Anatomists
          
           and
           other
           Authors
           have
           since
           found
           defective
           .
        
         
         
           But
           in
           the
           performance
           of
           their
           just
           desires
           I
           found
           no
           small
           inconveniency
           ,
           for
           want
           of
           some
           short
           and
           compendious
           Principles
           ,
           that
           might
           give
           me
           the
           Grounds
           ,
           and
           an
           Idea
           of
           that
           Art
           ,
           proportionable
           to
           my
           then
           mean
           Capacity
           ,
           almost
           frighted
           with
           the
           bulk
           of
           large
           and
           ill
           digested
           Volumes
           ;
           but
           there
           being
           no
           Remedy
           ,
           I
           was
           fain
           to
           compile
           out
           of
           them
           this
           small
           Treatise
           ,
           which
           I
           have
           since
           reviewed
           altering
           some
           obsolete
           Theorems
           into
           new
           ones
           ,
           and
           adding
           some
           small
           agreements
           to
           render
           its
           Reading
           less
           tedious
           ;
           And
           all
           for
           my
           own
           use
           without
           any
           thoughts
           of
           ever
           troubling
           the
           Press
           therewith
           .
           These
           late
           years
           having
           brought
           forth
           several
           short
           Treatises
           of
           Chirurgery
           ,
           specially
           the
           excellent
           Principles
           
           of
           Barbetty
           and
           Hornius
           ,
           the
           former
           whereof
           is
           lately
           made
           English
           :
           but
           finding
           in
           mine
           some
           things
           ,
           which
           are
           purposely
           omitted
           in
           theirs
           ,
           as
           few
           dislike
           their
           own
           Productions
           ,
           I
           have
           resolved
           to
           make
           this
           short
           Compendium
           Publick
           ,
           wishing
           that
           it
           may
           be
           to
           the
           advantage
           of
           young
           Beginners
           in
           Chirurgery
           ,
           and
           to
           the
           Health
           and
           Welfare
           of
           their
           Patients
           .
        
         
           
             Thine
             I.
             S.
             
          
        
      
       
         
         
           The
           CONTENTS
           .
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             I.
             
          
           
             CHirurgery
             defin'd
             ,
             pag.
             2.
             
             It
             s
             Operations
             ,
             3.
             
             Of
             Temper
             or
             Complexion
             ,
             7.
             
             Of
             the
             Humours
             of
             the
             Body
             ,
             10.
             
             The
             Soul
             defin'd
             ,
             25.
             
             Of
             Diet
             ,
             37.
             
             Of
             Sleep
             and
             Dreams
             ,
             40.
             
             Of
             the
             Passions
             ,
             42.
             
             A
             Disease
             d●fin'd
             ,
             45.
             
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             II.
             Of
             Imposthumes
             .
          
           
             THeir
             Causes
             and
             Matter
             ,
             pag.
             53
             ,
             54.
             
             Their
             Prognosticks
             .
             56.
             
             A
             Cataplasm
             to
             discuss
             an
             Imposthume
             ,
             57.
             
             To
             resolve
             an
             Imposthume
             ,
             60.
             
             To
             bring
             an
             Imposthume
             to
             S●ppuration
             ,
             ibid.
             To
             mitigate
             the
             intense
             pain
             of
             an
             Imposthume
             ,
             ibid.
             
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             III.
             Of
             Wounds
             .
          
           
             SIgns
             of
             a
             wound
             that
             has
             pierc'd
             the
             Skul
             ,
             65.
             whether
             a
             wound
             has
             penetrated
             the
             Thorax
             ,
             ibid.
             when
             the
             Lungs
             are
             hurt
             ,
             ibid.
             when
             the
             Heart
             ,
             Diaphragm
             ,
             Great
             Artery
             or
             
               Vena-Cava
               Medulla-Spinalis
            
             ,
             Liver
             ,
             Stomach
             ,
             Guts
             ,
             Kidneys
             ,
             Bladder
             ,
             and
             Ureters
             ,
             66
             ,
             67.
             
             When
             the
             womb
             
             and
             Nerves
             ,
             67
             ,
             68.
             
             Of
             wounds
             that
             are
             mortal
             ,
             ibid.
             To
             help
             the
             Extraction
             of
             Bullets
             ,
             Darts
             .
             &c.
             a
             Receipt
             ,
             69.
             
             Of
             Sutures
             ,
             71.
             
             A
             Receipt
             to
             prevent
             a
             too
             great
             Flux
             of
             Blood
             ,
             72.
             
             A
             Receipt
             to
             remove
             pain
             from
             the
             wounded
             part
             ,
             73.
             
             An
             excellent
             Narcotick
             for
             the
             same
             ,
             74.
             
             For
             Convulsions
             in
             the
             wounded
             ,
             75.
             
             A
             Palsy
             defin'd
             and
             cur'd
             ,
             77.
             
             Of
             the
             Cure
             of
             wounds
             made
             by
             Fire-Arms
             ,
             80.
             
             A
             Receipt
             to
             bring
             them
             to
             Suppuration
             ,
             81.
             
             The
             Definition
             of
             a
             Gangrene
             ,
             82.
             
             It
             s
             Cause
             and
             Cure
             ,
             83.
             
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             IV.
             Of
             Ulcers
             .
          
           
             VVHat
             they
             are
             ,
             86.
             
             Of
             the
             several
             sorts
             of
             Ulcers
             ,
             88
             ▪
             89.
             
             Of
             the
             Cure
             of
             Ulcers
             ,
             90
             ,
             91.
             
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             V.
             Of
             Fractures
             and
             Dislocations
             .
          
           
             VVHat
             a
             Fracture
             is
             ,
             92.
             
             The
             Cure
             how
             perform'd
             ,
             95.
             
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             VI.
             Of
             the
             Generation
             and
             Production
             of
             Man.
             
          
           
             OF
             the
             Matter
             of
             Generation
             ,
             98.
             
             Of
             the
             Place
             ,
             99.
             
             The
             chiefest
             and
             
             surest
             Signs
             of
             Conception
             ,
             100.
             
             To
             know
             whether
             the
             Child
             be
             Male
             or
             Female
             ,
             101.
             
             The
             Signs
             of
             approaching
             Child-birth
             ,
             ibid.
             Directions
             to
             be
             observed
             before
             the
             Birth
             ,
             102.
             
             Directions
             to
             be
             observed
             in
             the
             Birth
             ,
             103.
             
             A
             Liniment
             to
             be
             used
             ,
             104.
             
             An
             excellent
             Powder
             to
             hasten
             Child-birth
             ,
             105.
             
             Directions
             to
             be
             observ'd
             when
             the
             Child
             is
             dead
             in
             the
             Womb
             ,
             108.
             
             An
             Ointment
             for
             the
             Hypogaster
             ,
             110.
             
             For
             the
             Expulsion
             of
             Wind
             ,
             an
             excellent
             Powder
             ,
             111.
             
             To
             stanch
             Milk
             ,
             an
             infallible
             Receipt
             ,
             112.
             
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             VII
             .
             Of
             the
             French
             Pox.
             
          
           
             IT
             s
             Definition
             and
             Signs
             ,
             114
             ,
             115.
             
             Of
             its
             Cure
             ,
             1.
             
             By
             Decoction
             ,
             116.
             
             To
             make
             that
             Decoction
             ,
             ibid.
             2.
             
             By
             Plaisters
             ,
             ibid.
             3.
             
             By
             Unction
             ,
             117.
             
             To
             make
             the
             Unction
             ,
             ibid.
             4.
             
             By
             Suffumigation
             ▪
             121.
             
             The
             Method
             to
             be
             used
             in
             it
             ,
             ibid.
             
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             VIII
             .
             Of
             several
             other
             Indispositions
             cured
             by
             Chirurgery
             .
          
           
             OF
             Baldness
             and
             its
             Cure
             ,
             123.
             
             Inslammation
             of
             the
             Eyes
             ,
             124.
             
             Tooth-ach
             ,
             ibid.
             Phlebotomy
             ,
             125.
             
             Cup-setting
             ,
             126.
             
             Leeches
             ,
             127.
             
          
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
           A
           SHORT
           Compendium
           OF
           CHIRURGERY
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             1.
             
          
           
             THAT
             part
             of
             Physick
             ,
             which
             is
             called
             in
             Greek
             Therapeutick
             is
             divided
             into
             three
             others
             ;
             namely
             ,
             
               Diet
               ,
               Chirurgery
            
             and
             Pharmacy
             :
             Yet
             ,
             although
             this
             division
             be
             needful
             ,
             these
             three
             Sisters
             ,
             as
             the
             Graces
             ,
             are
             so
             connexed
             and
             linked
             together
             ,
             that
             it
             is
             almost
             impossible
             for
             any
             of
             them
             to
             perform
             the
             least
             operation
             ,
             without
             the
             help
             of
             the
             two
             others
             ;
             but
             
             when
             they
             conspire
             and
             are
             together
             carefully
             reduced
             ,
             in
             act
             ;
             a
             most
             advantagious
             harmony
             ,
             for
             the
             preserving
             and
             restoring
             of
             health
             ,
             doth
             result
             of
             their
             mixture
             .
          
           
             Amongst
             these
             parts
             of
             Physick
             ,
             Chirurgery
             is
             the
             needfullest
             ,
             and
             is
             therefore
             by
             some
             esteemed
             the
             noblest
             ,
             as
             being
             the
             most
             ancient
             and
             profitable
             .
             It
             is
             defined
             ,
             An
             Art
             consisting
             in
             a
             methodical
             application
             of
             the
             Hand
             on
             the
             Body
             of
             Man
             ,
             for
             the
             preserving
             of
             its
             present
             Health
             ,
             or
             the
             restoring
             of
             it
             ,
             being
             lost
             .
             It
             s
             Subject
             is
             the
             same
             Body
             ,
             and
             its
             End
             the
             Health
             of
             it
             .
          
           
             The
             words
             Etymologie
             is
             composed
             of
             the
             Greek
             word
             Cheir
             ,
             that
             signifieth
             
               ●
               and
            
             ,
             and
             
               Ergia
               ,
               Operation
            
             ;
             which
             being
             joyned
             together
             make
             ,
             as
             it
             were
             ,
             a
             Handy
             or
             Manual
             Operation
             .
          
           
             The
             whole
             Art
             is
             divided
             into
             the
             Theoretical
             and
             Practical
             part
             ;
             the
             First
             whereof
             is
             described
             the
             seconds
             Guide
             and
             Leader
             ,
             because
             it
             contains
             the
             
               The●rems
               ,
               Demonstrations
            
             and
             Precepts
             of
             it
             ,
             which
             the
             Practical
             part
             only
             reduceth
             in
             act
             ,
             and
             nevertheless
             hath
             been
             so
             much
             esteemed
             ,
             that
             the
             Heroes
             and
             Demy-gods
             
             of
             Antiquity
             did
             not
             disdain
             to
             learn
             it
             ,
             for
             it
             is
             ,
             as
             Vincianus
             saith
             .
          
           
             
               
                 Quod
                 Natum
              
               Phoebus
               
                 docuit
                 ,
                 quod
              
               Chyron
               Achillem
               ;
            
             
               Quod
               
                 didicere
                 olim
              
               Podalirius
               atque
               Machaon
               .
            
          
           
             
               What
               Phoebus
               taught
               his
               Son
               ,
               
                 Chyron
                 Achilles
              
               ,
            
             
               What
               learned
               Machaon
               and
               Podalirius
               .
            
          
           
             The
             operations
             of
             it
             are
             three
             ,
             
               Synthesis
               ,
               Diairesis
            
             and
             Exeresis
             ;
             whereof
             the
             first
             joynes
             what
             is
             separated
             .
             The
             second
             ,
             separates
             what
             is
             joyned
             .
             And
             the
             third
             ,
             takes
             away
             what
             is
             superfluous
             .
             And
             these
             Operations
             are
             to
             be
             soon
             ,
             surely
             ,
             and
             pleasantly
             performed
             ,
             with
             Manual
             or
             Medicinal
             Instruments
             ,
             according
             to
             certain
             Indications
             drawn
             from
             the
             things
             ,
             1.
             
             
               Natural
               .
               2.
               
               Not-natural
            
             .
             3.
             
             And
             against
             Nature
             .
          
           
             Chirurgery
             is
             soon
             performed
             ,
             when
             no
             occasion
             of
             doing
             the
             sick
             person
             good
             is
             neglected
             .
             Surely
             ,
             if
             using
             of
             known
             Remedies
             ,
             we
             prevent
             a
             relapse
             ,
             and
             avoid
             all
             worse
             diseases
             than
             the
             former
             .
             And
             
             Pleasantly
             ,
             if
             ,
             amongst
             Remedies
             ,
             those
             are
             first
             made
             use
             of
             ,
             wherewith
             we
             may
             obtain
             our
             ends
             ,
             with
             less
             molestation
             of
             the
             Patient
             .
          
           
             Those
             things
             are
             called
             Natural
             ,
             which
             do
             enter
             in
             the
             composition
             of
             mans
             Body
             ,
             and
             although
             its
             first
             ingredient
             may
             be
             the
             universal
             matter
             of
             Cartesius
             ,
             out
             of
             whose
             particles
             ,
             variously
             figurated
             and
             moved
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             variety
             of
             their
             figures
             and
             motions
             ,
             those
             bodies
             do
             arise
             which
             though
             they
             be
             not
             the
             very
             first
             ,
             nor
             can
             be
             demonstrated
             absolutely
             simple
             in
             their
             dissolution
             ,
             yet
             because
             they
             are
             of
             the
             first
             order
             of
             sensible
             Bodies
             ,
             whereof
             others
             are
             composed
             ,
             they
             may
             commodiously
             ,
             by
             a
             Chirurgion
             ,
             who
             is
             an
             Artist
             of
             sensibles
             ,
             be
             conceived
             in
             the
             Body
             of
             Man
             as
             its
             1.
             
             Elements
             ,
             whence
             do
             arise
             its
             2.
             
             Tempers
             or
             
               Complexions
               .
               3.
               
               Humours
               .
               4.
               
               Parts
            
             or
             
               Limbs
               .
               5.
               
               Faculties
               .
               6.
               
               Actions
               .
            
             And
             7.
             
             Spirits
             .
             Whereunto
             ,
             1
             Age.
             2
             The
             
               Sex.
               3
               Colour
               .
               4
               Commoderation
               .
            
             5
             The
             Season
             of
             the
             Year
             .
             6
             The
             Clime
             .
             7
             And
             
               manner
               of
               Living
            
             are
             annexed
             .
          
           
             Elements
             are
             single
             Bodies
             ,
             out
             of
             which
             the
             mixt
             are
             composed
             ,
             and
             into
             
             which
             they
             may
             be
             resolved
             ,
             but
             they
             in
             none
             of
             a
             singler
             composition
             .
             They
             are
             reckoned
             four
             .
             1
             
               Fire
               .
               2
               Air.
               3
               Water
               .
            
             4
             And
             Earth
             ,
             Whose
             number
             and
             station
             ,
             Ovid
             hath
             thus
             expressed
             .
             
               
                 Quatuor
                 Aeternus
                 Genitalia
                 corpor
                 a
                 Mundus
              
               
                 Continet
                 ,
                 ex
                 illis
                 ,
                 duo
                 sunt
                 onerosa
                 ,
                 suoque
              
               
                 Pondere
                 in
                 inferius
                 ,
                 Tellus
                 atque
                 Unda
                 feruntur
                 :
              
               
                 Et
                 totidem
                 gravitate
                 carent
                 ,
                 nulloque
                 premente
                 ,
              
               
                 Altapetunt
                 Aer
                 ,
                 atque
                 aere
                 purior
                 Ignis
                 .
              
            
             That
             is
             ,
             
               
                 The
                 Eternal
                 World
                 four
                 Bodies
                 comprehends
              
               
                 Engendring
                 all
                 ,
                 The
                 heavy
                 Earth
                 descends
                 ,
              
               
                 And
                 Water
                 clog'd
                 with
                 weight
                 ;
                 Two
                 light
                 aspire
                 ,
              
               
                 Depress'd
                 by
                 none
                 ,
                 pure
                 Air
                 ,
                 and
                 purer
                 Fire
                 .
              
            
          
           
             Which
             the
             Antient
             thought
             to
             evince
             by
             the
             Argument
             of
             mixt
             Bodies
             dissolution
             ,
             Thus
             given
             by
             Dubart●s
             .
          
           
             
             
               Cela
               se
               voit
               a
               locil
               dans
               le
               brulant
               Tison
               ,
            
             
               Son
               feu
               court
               versle
               Ceil
               ,
               sanatale
               Maison
               ,
            
             
               Son
               air
               vole
               en
               fumé
               ,
               en
               cendre
               chet
               sa
               terre
               ,
            
             
               Son
               cau
               boult
               dans
               ses
               nocuds
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
           
             
               That
               is
               perfectly
               seen
               ,
               when
               burning
               wood
               doth
               send
            
             
               Its
               Fire
               to
               heaven
               ,
               the
               place
               from
               whence
               it
               did
               des●end
               ,
            
             
               Its
               Air
               then
               flies
               in
               smoak
               ,
               its
               Earth
               in
               ashes
               falls
               ,
            
             
               In
               its
               knots
               water
               boyls
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
           
             But
             the
             weakness
             of
             this
             Argument
             is
             plainly
             discovered
             by
             the
             learned
             Boyle
             in
             his
             
               Chymista
               Scepticus
            
             ;
             so
             that
             ,
             as
             we
             said
             before
             ,
             These
             Elements
             can
             at
             most
             be
             reckoned
             but
             amongst
             the
             first
             Classes
             of
             mixt
             Bodies
             .
          
           
             The
             Elementary
             qualities
             are
             also
             four
             ,
             Namely
             ,
             1
             
               Heat
               .
               2
               Coldness
               .
               3
               Moisture
               .
               4
               Driness
               .
            
             Whereof
             the
             two
             first
             (
             though
             all
             act
             in
             some
             measure
             )
             compared
             to
             the
             latter
             ,
             are
             called
             Active
             ;
             the
             two
             others
             Passive
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             Fire
             ,
             is
             of
             a
             hot
             and
             dry
             quality
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             Aire
             ,
             of
             a
             hot
             and
             moist
             .
          
           
           
             3.
             
             Water
             ,
             of
             a
             moist
             and
             cold
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             And
             Earth
             ,
             of
             a
             cold
             and
             dry
             .
          
           
             Temper
             or
             Complexion
             ,
             is
             a
             proportion
             of
             the
             four
             primary
             Qualities
             ,
             arising
             from
             the
             mixture
             of
             the
             Elements
             .
             But
             if
             we
             consider
             the
             universal
             matter
             ,
             it
             may
             be
             defined
             ,
             A
             moderation
             of
             the
             Particles
             endued
             with
             contrary
             Qualities
             .
             There
             are
             four
             single
             Tempers
             .
             1
             
               Hot.
               2
               Cold.
               3
               Moist
               .
               4
               Dry.
            
             And
             four
             compos'd
             ,
             1
             Hot
             and
             
               Moist
               .
               2
               Hot
            
             and
             
               Dry.
               3
               Cold
            
             and
             
               Moist
               .
               4
               Cold
            
             and
             Dry.
             Whereunto
             is
             added
             another
             ,
             called
             in
             Greek
             
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
               〈◊〉
            
             ,
             that
             is
             ,
             Temperate
             ,
             which
             is
             distinguished
             ,
             1.
             
             In
             a
             Temper
             according
             to
             weight
             ,
             when
             the
             Elements
             are
             both
             in
             mass
             and
             quality
             so
             proportioned
             ,
             that
             none
             can
             be
             said
             to
             predominate
             .
             2.
             
             And
             in
             another
             according
             to
             justice
             ,
             which
             consisteth
             in
             a
             temperature
             convenient
             for
             the
             exercising
             of
             all
             necessary
             actions
             .
          
           
             This
             Temper
             is
             either
             of
             the
             whole
             body
             ,
             by
             reason
             of
             which
             Males
             are
             said
             to
             be
             hotter
             then
             Females
             ,
             or
             of
             the
             several
             parts
             ,
             whose
             Rule
             is
             this
             ,
             whatsoever
             is
             Red
             in
             the
             Body
             is
             Hot
             ;
             whatsoever
             is
             
               White
               ,
               Cold
            
             ;
             that
             which
             is
             Soft
             ,
             
             is
             Moist
             ;
             and
             that
             which
             is
             Hard
             ,
             Dry.
             Whence
             it
             follows
             ,
             That
             whatsoever
             is
             Red
             and
             Hard
             ,
             is
             Hot
             and
             Dry
             ,
             as
             the
             Heart
             ;
             whatsoever
             is
             Red
             and
             Soft
             ,
             is
             Hot
             and
             Moist
             ,
             as
             the
             Flesh
             ;
             What
             is
             White
             and
             Hard
             ,
             is
             Cold
             and
             Dry
             ,
             as
             the
             Bones
             ;
             and
             what
             is
             White
             and
             Soft
             ,
             is
             Cold
             and
             Moist
             ,
             as
             the
             Brains
             .
          
           
             Childhood
             ,
             comprehending
             the
             first
             five
             and
             twenty
             years
             of
             our
             age
             ,
             is
             of
             a
             hot
             and
             moist
             temper
             .
             From
             thence
             Youth
             ,
             proceeding
             to
             five
             and
             thirty
             or
             fourty
             years
             ,
             of
             a
             hot
             and
             dry
             ;
             Manhood
             ,
             consisting
             in
             the
             ten
             or
             fifteen
             next
             years
             ,
             is
             esteemed
             cold
             and
             dry
             ;
             and
             thence
             Old
             age
             ,
             till
             our
             lifes
             end
             ,
             is
             more
             or
             less
             said
             to
             be
             cold
             and
             moist
             ,
             or
             according
             to
             others
             ,
             cold
             and
             dry
             ;
             its
             moisture
             being
             but
             accidental
             and
             excrementitious
             ,
             though
             God
             can
             yet
             extend
             our
             life
             to
             a
             long
             durance
             ,
             as
             the
             German
             Poet
             Freinshemius
             elegantly
             expresseth
             .
             
               
                 I
                 st
                 schirr
                 nichts
                 ubrig
                 mehr
                 ,
                 al
                 's
                 seelen
                 voller
                 schnen
                 ,
              
               
                 Al
                 's
                 leber
                 voller
                 Thod
                 ,
                 al
                 's
                 leiber
                 voller
                 plag
                 ,
              
               
                 Al
                 's
                 zeiten
                 voller
                 qual
                 ,
                 al
                 's
                 zungen
                 voller
                 klag
                 .
              
               
               
                 Al
                 's
                 hertzen
                 voller
                 angst
                 ,
                 al
                 's
                 augen
                 voller
                 trahnen
                 .
              
            
             That
             is
             ,
             
               
                 Though
                 nothing
                 but
                 a
                 soul
                 full
                 fraught
                 with
                 longing
                 fears
                 ,
              
               
                 Be
                 left
                 ,
                 a
                 deathful
                 life
                 ,
                 a
                 body
                 full
                 of
                 pain
                 ,
              
               
                 A
                 time
                 full
                 of
                 distress
                 ,
                 a
                 tongue
                 but
                 to
                 complain
                 ,
              
               
                 A
                 much
                 oppressed
                 heart
                 ,
                 and
                 an
                 eye
                 full
                 of
                 tears
                 .
              
            
          
           
             The
             Spring
             is
             temperate
             ,
             Summer
             is
             hot
             and
             dry
             ,
             Autumn
             cold
             and
             dry
             ,
             and
             Winter
             cold
             and
             moist
             .
             The
             Spring
             begins
             when
             the
             Sun
             enters
             the
             Sign
             Aries
             ,
             and
             continues
             as
             the
             other
             seasons
             ,
             with
             small
             difference
             do
             ,
             some
             three
             months
             ,
             whilst
             the
             Sun
             runs
             through
             as
             many
             Signs
             of
             the
             Zodiack
             ,
             whose
             number
             and
             order
             Virgil
             thus
             describes
             .
          
           
             
               Primus
               adest
               Aries
               1
               ,
               Taurus
               2
               insignibus
               auro
            
             
               Cornibus
               ,
               &
               Fratres
               3
               ,
               &
               Cancer
               4
               ,
               aquatile
               signum
               ,
            
             
               Tum
               Leo
               5
               terribilis
               Nemeus
               ,
               atque
               innuba
               Virgo
               
               6.
            
             
             
               Libra
               7
               subit
               ,
               caudaque
               animal
               8
               quod
               dirigit
               ictum
               .
            
             
               Armatusque
               arcu
               Chyron
               9
               &
               Corniger
               Hircus
               10
               ,
            
             
               Fusor
               aqua
               11
               simul
               &
               fulgenti
               lumine
               Pisces
               
               12.
            
          
           
             The
             name
             of
             Humor
             is
             given
             to
             whatsoever
             is
             perceived
             flowing
             in
             the
             Body
             of
             a
             living
             Creature
             endued
             with
             blood
             .
             The
             same
             is
             ,
             first
             ,
             Natural
             ;
             or
             ,
             secondly
             ,
             against
             Nature
             .
             The
             Natural
             is
             again
             divided
             into
             primary
             and
             secundary
             ,
             alimentary
             and
             excrementitious
             .
          
           
             The
             alimentary
             or
             nourishing
             humors
             were
             constituted
             by
             the
             Antients
             four
             in
             number
             ;
             1.
             
             
               Blood.
               2.
               
               Phlegm
               .
               3.
               
               Choler
               .
               4.
               
               Melancholly
               .
            
             But
             the
             Modern
             esteem
             that
             Blood
             only
             is
             a
             fit
             nourishment
             of
             the
             Body
             ,
             and
             that
             the
             other
             humors
             flowing
             with
             it
             ,
             whereunto
             they
             have
             added
             the
             Lymphatick
             and
             Pancreatical
             Juice
             ,
             do
             only
             contribute
             to
             its
             effervescency
             or
             temperature
             ,
             as
             will
             be
             said
             hereafter
             ,
             amongst
             whcih
             humours
             there
             is
             no
             melancholy
             ,
             except
             the
             thickest
             and
             grossest
             part
             of
             the
             Blood
             as
             is
             found
             in
             the
             
               Atrabiliary
               Capsules
            
             ,
             or
             is
             evacuated
             by
             the
             
             Haemorroids
             ,
             be
             taken
             for
             it
             .
             But
             before
             we
             expound
             how
             blood
             is
             produced
             ,
             let
             us
             hear
             how
             the
             Ancients
             did
             conceive
             it
             ;
             It
             is
             thus
             expressed
             by
             the
             Danish
             Poet
             ,
             Arocusis
             .
             
               
                 Du
                 Mauge
                 ,
                 gode
                 Kock
                 ,
                 din
                 mad
                 saa
                 vel
                 for
                 kryder
                 ,
              
               
                 At
                 derat
                 ,
                 Kortar
                 hid
                 ,
                 en
                 kraftig
                 saft
                 ud
                 flyder
                 ,
              
               
                 Som
                 Du
                 til
                 Leftueren
                 ,
                 vid
                 middel
                 aaren
                 ,
                 sender
                 ,
              
               
                 Inarings
                 meening
                 Shy
                 ,
                 hun
                 den
                 til
                 blod
                 forvender
                 ,
              
               
                 Ocs
                 giffuer
                 det
                 igieu
                 ,
                 naar
                 saften
                 ny
                 yder
                 ,
              
               
                 At
                 samme
                 ferske
                 blod
                 til
                 alle
                 Lemmer
                 flyder
                 ,
              
               
                 Ued
                 aarr
                 gangr
                 krum
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
            
             
               That
               is
            
             ,
             
               
                 Thou
                 Stomack
                 ,
                 gallant
                 Cook
                 ,
                 thy
                 meat
                 so
                 well
                 dost
                 dress
                 ,
              
               
                 That
                 of
                 it
                 in
                 a
                 trice
                 ,
                 thou
                 canst
                 a
                 juic●
                 express
              
               
                 Full
                 of
                 craft
                 ,
                 which
                 is
                 then
                 sent
                 ,
                 by
                 the
                 middle
                 Vein
                 ,
              
               
                 To
                 th'
                 Liver
                 ,
                 that
                 it
                 may
                 the
                 dye
                 of
                 blood
                 obtain
                 ,
              
               
               
                 Whence
                 it
                 is
                 given
                 out
                 ,
                 when
                 th'
                 other
                 sap
                 is
                 wanting
              
               
                 And
                 is
                 seen
                 through
                 our
                 Limbs
                 ,
                 a
                 free
                 passage
                 attempting
              
               
                 By
                 crooked
                 Channel-Veins
                 ,
                 &c.
                 
              
            
          
           
             This
             was
             the
             Antients
             meaning
             ,
             but
             the
             Moderns
             have
             found
             ,
             that
             the
             aliments
             being
             well
             chewed
             in
             the
             Mouth
             ,
             are
             by
             the
             Oesophagus
             transported
             into
             the
             stomack
             ,
             where
             by
             the
             virtue
             of
             some
             acid
             liquors
             ,
             proceeding
             from
             the
             reliques
             of
             the
             former
             Concoction
             ,
             and
             the
             Vapours
             of
             the
             Pancreatical
             juice
             ,
             together
             with
             the
             sub●il
             descending
             from
             the
             
               Maxillar
               Glandules
            
             ,
             they
             are
             fermented
             ,
             agitated
             and
             calified
             ,
             almost
             in
             the
             same
             manner
             ,
             as
             mettals
             are
             dissolved
             by
             
               Aqua
               fortis
            
             .
             In
             the
             mean
             time
             the
             aliments
             ,
             helped
             by
             the
             warmth
             of
             the
             neighbouring
             parts
             ,
             do
             often
             contract
             a
             spontaneous
             heat
             ,
             as
             we
             see
             sometimes
             hay
             ,
             too
             freshly
             brought
             in
             ,
             whereby
             they
             are
             digested
             ,
             which
             being
             done
             ,
             the
             stomack
             straightning
             it self
             ,
             and
             opening
             its
             lower
             orifice
             ,
             called
             the
             Pilorus
             ,
             they
             are
             thrust
             down
             to
             the
             Duodenum
             ,
             where
             by
             an
             effervescency
             arising
             from
             the
             mixture
             of
             Choler
             ,
             
             descending
             thither
             by
             the
             biliary
             conduit
             ,
             together
             with
             the
             pancreatical
             juice
             ,
             and
             Phlegm
             sticking
             to
             the
             Bowels
             ,
             they
             are
             segregated
             ,
             and
             their
             grossest
             parts
             precipitated
             down
             to
             be
             expelled
             at
             the
             seat
             ;
             whilst
             the
             subtilest
             ,
             called
             Chylus
             ,
             are
             transported
             by
             the
             milky
             Veins
             ,
             to
             the
             common
             receptacle
             ,
             where
             being
             diluted
             by
             the
             Lymphatick
             humor
             ,
             the
             Chylus
             is
             carried
             by
             the
             Thoracick
             conduits
             to
             the
             subclavicular
             branch
             of
             the
             
               Vena
               cava
            
             ,
             where
             it
             is
             mixt
             with
             the
             Blood
             ,
             descending
             from
             the
             Head
             and
             other
             superiour
             parts
             ;
             of
             whose
             Nature
             and
             Colour
             it
             begins
             then
             to
             partake
             ,
             without
             coming
             to
             the
             Liver
             ,
             which
             therefore
             can
             neither
             be
             the
             seat
             nor
             organ
             of
             Sanguification
             .
          
           
             The
             Chylus
             thus
             mixt
             with
             the
             descending
             Blood
             ,
             being
             come
             into
             the
             trunck
             of
             the
             
               Vena
               cava
            
             ,
             is
             mingled
             with
             the
             Blood
             which
             ascends
             by
             the
             same
             Vein
             ,
             from
             the
             inferiour
             parts
             ,
             and
             is
             transmitted
             into
             the
             right
             Ventricle
             of
             the
             Heart
             ,
             where
             it
             suffers
             an
             effervescency
             arising
             from
             the
             mixture
             of
             the
             Lymphatick
             spirit
             ,
             and
             the
             lixivious
             salt
             of
             Choler
             ,
             communicated
             to
             the
             Blood
             ,
             
             out
             of
             the
             Gall
             by
             the
             Hepatick
             conduit
             ,
             whereby
             the
             fiery
             parts
             of
             each
             being
             freed
             of
             their
             hindrance
             ,
             do
             insinuate
             themselves
             in
             the
             oily
             parts
             of
             the
             blood
             ,
             which
             they
             rarify
             ,
             whereby
             the
             Valvules
             of
             the
             
               Vena
               cava
            
             are
             shut
             up
             ,
             and
             the
             Blood
             thus
             rarified
             ,
             craving
             a
             larger
             room
             than
             before
             ,
             the
             Heart
             is
             compell'd
             to
             its
             expulsion
             ,
             which
             it
             effects
             by
             the
             collected
             fibres
             ,
             as
             another
             muscle
             ,
             and
             the
             Valvules
             of
             the
             
               Arterial
               Vein
            
             being
             opened
             it
             is
             transported
             into
             the
             Lungs
             ,
             cooled
             by
             Respiration
             ,
             whereby
             the
             Heart
             and
             the
             said
             Vein
             is
             unswell'd
             ,
             and
             the
             Blood
             is
             conveigh'd
             by
             the
             usual
             Artery
             ,
             whose
             Valvules
             are
             then
             open
             ,
             into
             the
             left
             Ventricle
             of
             the
             Heart
             ,
             where
             it
             is
             again
             heated
             and
             rarified
             ,
             and
             being
             carried
             by
             the
             
               Aortal
               Artery
            
             ,
             whose
             Valvules
             then
             give
             passage
             ,
             into
             the
             greatest
             Arteries
             ,
             and
             from
             thence
             into
             the
             smaller
             ,
             the
             Heart
             and
             the
             said
             Arteries
             leave
             swelling
             ,
             and
             the
             Bl●od
             is
             thence
             received
             by
             the
             Anastomoses
             in
             the
             Veins
             ,
             from
             whence
             it
             proceeds
             ,
             through
             the
             
               vena
               cava
            
             ,
             into
             the
             right
             Ventricle
             of
             the
             heart
             ,
             repeating
             so
             a
             continual
             circulation
             ,
             a
             
               perpetuum
               mobile
            
             during
             our
             Life
             .
          
           
           
             Blood
             is
             temperate
             ,
             of
             a
             mean
             thickness
             ,
             Red
             in
             colour
             ,
             and
             of
             a
             sweet
             taste
             ,
             it
             serves
             instead
             of
             fuel
             to
             the
             vital
             heat
             ,
             which
             it
             conveys
             to
             the
             several
             parts
             ,
             to
             whose
             nutrition
             and
             increase
             it
             alone
             contributes
             .
          
           
             The
             Antients
             did
             divide
             it
             into
             Venal
             and
             Arterial
             ,
             though
             the
             place
             of
             their
             flowing
             be
             their
             chief
             difference
             .
          
           
             Phlegm
             is
             of
             a
             watry
             nature
             ,
             liquid
             ,
             whitish
             and
             unsavoury
             ,
             it
             serveth
             to
             the
             ●●fervescency
             in
             the
             duodenum
             ,
             tempers
             the
             Blood
             ,
             and
             renders
             the
             Joynts
             slippery
             .
          
           
             Choler
             is
             of
             a
             fiery
             nature
             ,
             a
             thin
             consistence
             ,
             a
             yellow
             colour
             ,
             and
             a
             bitter
             taste
             ,
             it
             causeth
             an
             Effervescency
             in
             the
             duodenum
             ,
             and
             another
             in
             the
             Heart
             ,
             as
             aforesaid
             ;
             it
             provokes
             the
             expelling
             faculty
             ,
             and
             thins
             all
             Phlegm
             sticking
             to
             the
             inward
             parts
             .
          
           
             The
             Lymphatick
             humour
             is
             of
             a
             pure
             watry
             substance
             ,
             without
             any
             colour
             ,
             and
             of
             a
             subacid
             taste
             .
             Its
             uses
             are
             manifold
             ,
             but
             the
             chief
             are
             to
             promote
             an
             easier
             slowing
             of
             the
             Chylus
             ,
             and
             to
             convey
             the
             blood
             through
             the
             thoracick
             conduit
             to
             the
             Heart
             ,
             and
             there
             contribute
             
             to
             its
             Effervescency
             ,
             it
             tempers
             the
             Blood
             and
             perhaps
             ,
             together
             with
             phlegm
             ,
             moistens
             the
             articulations
             of
             the
             Joynts
             .
          
           
             According
             to
             the
             
               Antients
               ,
               Phlegm
            
             predominates
             from
             Midnight
             till
             
               Sun-rising
               ;
               Blood
            
             from
             that
             time
             till
             Noon
             ,
             thence
             Choler
             obtains
             the
             superiority
             till
             Sun-setting
             ,
             and
             they
             gave
             the
             remaining
             time
             till
             Midnight
             to
             Melancholy
             ,
             which
             we
             have
             said
             to
             be
             nothing
             but
             grosse
             Blood.
             
          
           
             Phlegm
             is
             also
             more
             copious
             in
             
               Autumn
               ,
               Blood
            
             in
             the
             
               Spring
               ,
               Choller
            
             in
             Summer
             ,
             and
             Melancholy
             or
             thick
             blood
             in
             Winter
             .
          
           
             They
             esteemed
             also
             Phlegm
             to
             be
             moved
             every
             day
             ,
             Choler
             every
             third
             day
             ,
             and
             Melancholy
             every
             fourth
             ;
             supposing
             the
             
               Quotidian
               Ague
            
             to
             be
             caused
             by
             Phlegm
             ,
             the
             Tertian
             by
             Choler
             ,
             and
             the
             Quartan
             by
             Melancholy
             ,
             which
             
               De
               Graff
            
             attributes
             to
             the
             various
             Obstructions
             of
             the
             lateral
             branches
             of
             the
             Pancreas
             ;
             In
             his
             Treatise
             
               De
               succo
               pancreatico
            
             .
          
           
             The
             signs
             of
             a
             Bloody
             Complexion
             ,
             are
             a
             red
             colour
             in
             the
             Face
             ,
             a
             moist
             heat
             through
             the
             whole
             Body
             ,
             sleshy
             Muscles
             ,
             great
             Veins
             ,
             and
             a
             chearful
             Heart
             .
          
           
             Cholericks
             are
             of
             a
             yellowish
             colour
             ,
             
             a
             light
             disposition
             ,
             and
             a
             lean
             Body
             ;
             they
             are
             witty
             and
             liberal
             ,
             but
             wrathful
             and
             revengeful
             .
          
           
             Phlegmaticks
             are
             pale
             ,
             of
             a
             soft
             flesh
             ,
             sometimes
             fat
             ,
             lazy
             ,
             sleepy
             and
             dull
             .
          
           
             Melancholick
             or
             thick
             blooded
             men
             have
             a
             blackish
             face
             ,
             and
             a
             sad
             look
             ,
             they
             are
             sorrowful
             ,
             obstinate
             ,
             fearful
             and
             covetous
             ,
             but
             withall
             very
             capable
             of
             doctrine
             .
          
           
             The
             Arabs
             instituted
             four
             secundary
             Humours
             ,
             whereof
             they
             called
             the
             first
             Innominate
             or
             Implanted
             ,
             which
             they
             supposed
             to
             be
             conteined
             in
             the
             extremities
             of
             the
             little
             Veins
             ,
             where
             it
             begun
             to
             take
             some
             alteration
             of
             the
             several
             parts
             .
             They
             called
             the
             same
             Daw
             ,
             when
             (
             as
             it
             were
             )
             it
             bedewed
             them
             .
             Gluten
             ,
             when
             it
             stuck
             fast
             to
             them
             ;
             and
             Cambium
             ,
             when
             it
             was
             wholy
             converted
             into
             their
             substance
             ,
             but
             the
             nutrition
             and
             increase
             of
             the
             several
             parts
             is
             better
             expressed
             by
             the
             Moderns
             ,
             as
             will
             be
             said
             ,
             when
             we
             speak
             of
             Functions
             .
          
           
             When
             the
             
               Primary
               humors
            
             exceed
             the
             bounds
             of
             their
             due
             qualities
             ,
             they
             are
             deemed
             against
             nature
             ,
             and
             they
             may
             be
             corrupted
             in
             the
             Veins
             or
             out
             of
             them
             .
          
           
           
             Phlegm
             ,
             corrupted
             in
             the
             Veins
             ,
             is
             of
             a
             sower
             or
             salt
             taste
             ,
             and
             of
             no
             colour
             ;
             but
             out
             of
             the
             Veins
             ,
             it
             is
             distinguished
             in
             
               muscous
               ,
               watry
               ,
               plastry
            
             and
             glazy
             ,
             whereunto
             the
             Lymphatick
             humour
             ,
             the
             salive
             ,
             and
             the
             
               Pancreatical
               juice
            
             may
             be
             conveniently
             referred
             when
             they
             are
             vitiated
             .
          
           
             Choler
             ,
             corrupted
             in
             the
             Veins
             ,
             is
             called
             vitellin
             ,
             or
             like
             the
             yolk
             of
             Eggs
             ,
             which
             the
             Antients
             esteemed
             to
             be
             produced
             by
             an
             intense
             heat
             ,
             but
             is
             more
             truly
             atributed
             to
             the
             mixture
             of
             some
             
               acid
               humour
            
             ,
             as
             can
             be
             perceived
             when
             a
             little
             spirit
             of
             Vitriol
             is
             powred
             into
             some
             Gall
             ;
             it
             often
             degenerates
             in
             
               Poraceous
               ,
               rus●y
            
             ,
             and
             glasteous
             ,
             according
             to
             its
             degrees
             of
             acidity
             .
          
           
             The
             Melancholy
             humour
             or
             thickest
             Blood
             ,
             is
             by
             some
             thought
             to
             turn
             by
             adustion
             into
             
               black
               choler
            
             ,
             but
             according
             to
             
               Regnerus
               de
               Graaf
            
             ,
             this
             last
             proceeds
             from
             the
             mixture
             of
             Choler
             with
             a
             too
             
               acid
               pancreatical
               juice
            
             ,
             whereby
             it
             is
             turned
             into
             a
             
               greenish
               black
               colour
            
             ,
             as
             the
             Antients
             describe
             the
             atrabiliary
             humour
             .
          
           
             The
             Excrementitious
             humours
             are
             also
             1.
             
             
               Phlegm
               .
               2.
               
               Choler
               .
               3.
               
               Melancholly
               .
            
             4.
             
             And
             ,
             Serum
             .
          
           
           
             They
             are
             called
             excrementitious
             ,
             because
             they
             can
             yield
             no
             nourishment
             to
             the
             Body
             ,
             and
             therefore
             are
             expelled
             ,
          
           
             1.
             
             Phlegm
             ,
             not
             to
             the
             Brains
             ,
             as
             the
             Antients
             conceived
             ,
             but
             to
             the
             
               Maxillar
               Glandules
            
             ,
             and
             thence
             through
             the
             Mouth
             and
             Nostrils
             out
             of
             the
             Body
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             Choler
             ,
             by
             the
             
               Cystick
               arteries
            
             to
             the
             Gall
             ,
             whence
             the
             superfluous
             part
             is
             expelled
             to
             the
             Duodenum
             ,
             and
             thence
             evacuated
             at
             the
             Seat.
             
          
           
             3.
             
             Melancholly
             ,
             which
             is
             not
             attracted
             by
             the
             Spleen
             ,
             as
             the
             Antients
             supposed
             ,
             but
             is
             an
             Excrement
             of
             the
             grossest
             Blood
             ,
             which
             is
             often
             evacuated
             by
             the
             Haemorrhoides
             ,
             and
             is
             also
             sent
             to
             the
             
               Atrabiliary
               Capsuls
            
             ,
             to
             be
             ,
             perhaps
             ,
             voided
             with
             the
             Urine
             ,
             which
             therefore
             appears
             sometimes
             of
             a
             black
             colour
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             Serum
             ,
             which
             is
             either
             evacuated
             ,
          
           
             First
             ,
             In
             the
             form
             of
             Vapours
             ,
             by
             transpiration
             ,
             whereby
             ,
             according
             to
             Sanct●rius
             ,
             more
             than
             the
             half
             part
             of
             our
             Aliments
             are
             dissipated
             .
          
           
             Secondly
             ,
             Or
             in
             the
             consistence
             of
             Urine
             which
             being
             separated
             from
             the
             bloud
             in
             the
             Kidneys
             ,
             and
             filtred
             through
             the
             
               Papillar
               Caruncles
            
             into
             the
             Pilorus
             ,
             is
             
             powred
             through
             the
             Uriters
             ,
             into
             the
             Bladder
             ,
             and
             having
             received
             the
             thinnest
             ,
             and
             most
             serous
             part
             of
             the
             Chylus
             immediately
             from
             the
             Stomack
             ,
             by
             the
             
               Gastrick
               Vein
            
             ,
             is
             thence
             evacuated
             out
             of
             the
             Body
             .
          
           
             To
             Serum
             ,
             is
             also
             referred
             Sweat
             and
             the
             Tears
             we
             shed
             .
          
           
             A
             Part
             or
             Limb
             is
             defined
             ,
             
               A
               Body
               adhering
               to
               the
               whole
               ,
               and
               partaking
               of
               the
               same
               life
               with
               it
               ,
               being
               created
               for
               the
               exercising
               of
               certain
               Functions
               .
            
          
           
             They
             are
             distinguished
             in
             Similaries
             and
             Dissimilaries
             .
          
           
             A
             Similary
             part
             ,
             is
             that
             ,
             which
             
               cannot
               be
               divided
               in
               other
               parts
               of
               a
               different
               species
            
             ;
             and
             it
             is
             twofold
             ,
             Spermatick
             and
             Carnal
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             The
             Spermatick
             are
             constructed
             in
             the
             first
             conformation
             of
             the
             body
             ,
             out
             of
             the
             grossest
             part
             of
             the
             Seed
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             The
             Carnal
             out
             of
             the
             MenstrualBlood
             .
          
           
             The
             Similary
             parts
             are
             Eleven
             in
             number
             .
          
           
             
               1.
               
               Bones
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               Tendrels
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               Ligaments
               .
            
             
               
               4.
               
               Tendons
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               Membranes
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               Fibres
               .
            
             
               7.
               
               A
               threefold
               flesh
               (
               the
               Musculous
               ,
               the
               Parenchyme
               ,
               
                 and
                 the
              
               Glandules
               .
               )
            
             
               8.
               
               The
               Skin
               .
            
             
               9.
               
               The
               Veines
               .
            
             
               10.
               
               The
               Arteries
               .
            
             
               11.
               
               And
               the
               Nerves
               or
               Sinews
               .
            
          
           
             The
             Bones
             are
             joyned
             either
             by
             ,
          
           
             I.
             Diarthrosis
             ,
             or
             Articulation
             with
             some
             motion
             ,
             either
             by
          
           
             1.
             
             Enarthosis
             ,
             when
             there
             is
             a
             considerable
             quantity
             of
             the
             Bone
             received
             in
             a
             large
             Cavity
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             Arthrodia
             ,
             when
             the
             receiving
             cavity
             is
             but
             Supersiciary
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             Ginglime
             ,
             when
             a
             Bone
             receives
             and
             is
             received
             .
          
           
             II.
             Symphosis
             ,
             or
             Coalition
             without
             Motion
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             Sutures
             ,
             as
             in
             the
             Bones
             of
             the
             Head.
             
          
           
             2.
             
             Harmony
             ,
             as
             in
             the
             Bones
             of
             the
             Nose
             and
             upper
             Jaw
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             Gomphosis
             ,
             as
             the
             Teeth
             .
          
           
           
             And
             they
             are
             bound
             either
             by
             ,
          
           
             First
             ,
             Syncondrosis
             ,
             or
             with
             a
             Tendrel
             .
          
           
             Secondly
             ,
             Syndeurosis
             ,
             or
             a
             Ligament
             .
          
           
             Thirdly
             ,
             Sysarcosis
             ,
             or
             with
             some
             flesh
             or
             muscle
             .
          
           
             Note
             that
             to
             the
             exercising
             of
             the
             Similary
             parts
             Functions
             ,
             there
             needs
             only
             their
             due
             temper
             and
             commoderation
             .
          
           
             A
             
               Dissimilary
               part
            
             is
             that
             ,
             
               which
               may
               be
               divided
               in
               parts
               of
               a
               different
               Species
               ,
            
             Many
             do
             confound
             them
             with
             the
             Organical
             .
             Nevertheless
             there
             is
             this
             difference
             ,
             that
             all
             Dissimilary
             parts
             are
             Organical
             ,
             but
             not
             all
             
               Organical
               ,
               Dissimilary
            
             ;
             for
             the
             Bones
             ,
             Veins
             and
             Arteries
             are
             Similary
             ,
             and
             yet
             produce
             Organical
             actions
             .
          
           
             Four
             conditions
             are
             requisite
             to
             the
             perfect
             exercising
             of
             the
             Dissimilaries
             actions
             :
             namely
             ,
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 A
                 due
                 Conformation
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Magnitude
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Number
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 And
                 Conjunction
                 .
              
            
          
           
             Whereof
             the
             last
             comprehends
             two
             others
             ,
             to
             wit
             ,
             Seat
             and
             Connexion
             .
          
           
           
             These
             parts
             are
             distinguished
             in
             ,
             
               First
               ,
               Containing
            
             ;
             and
             
               Secondly
               ,
               Contained
            
             .
          
           
             And
             then
             again
             ,
             in
             1.
             
             Common
             ;
             and
             2.
             
             Proper
             .
             Distinguished
             in
             1.
             
             
               Nobles
               ;
               2.
               
               Ignobles
            
             .
          
           
             First
             ,
             The
             Noble
             or
             principal
             parts
             ,
             distributing
             the
             Spirits
             and
             Faculties
             to
             the
             whole
             Body
             ,
             are
             absolutely
             necessary
             to
             it
             .
             They
             are
             three
             ;
             Viz.
             
          
           
             
               1.
               
               The
               Brains
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               Heart
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               Liver
               .
            
          
           
             Which
             being
             excepted
             ,
             all
             the
             rest
             are
             Ignoble
             ,
             as
             being
             subservient
             to
             them
             ,
             and
             they
             are
             the
             other
             parts
             of
             1.
             the
             
               Head.
               2.
               
               Trunk
            
             .
             And
             3.
             
             〈◊〉
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             The
             Head
             ,
             is
             divided
             in
             the
             Soul
             ,
             and
             Face
             ;
             the
             common
             containing
             parts
             whereof
             are
             ,
             the
             thin
             and
             the
             hairy
             Skin
             ,
             the
             fat
             and
             the
             ●leshy
             Membrane
             ;
             It
             s
             proper
             parts
             are
             the
             Scalp
             ,
             or
             Pericrane
             ,
             the
             Perioste
             ,
             the
             Muscles
             ,
             the
             Bones
             ,
             and
             two
             Meninges
             .
          
           
             The
             contained
             parts
             of
             it
             are
             the
             Brain
             ,
             the
             A●ter-brain
             ,
             and
             the
             Marrow
             .
          
           
             The
             second
             hath
             in
             its
             upper
             part
             the
             sore-head
             ,
             in
             the
             lower
             ,
             the
             mouth
             ,
             and
             the
             instruments
             of
             the
             Senses
             ,
             as
             the
             Eyes
             ,
             
             the
             Eares
             ,
             the
             
               Nose
               ,
               &c.
            
             
          
           
             2.
             
             The
             Trunk
             is
             distinguished
             in
             the
             Breast
             and
             lower
             Belly
             ,
             the
             proper
             containing
             parts
             of
             the
             first
             ,
             besides
             ,
             the
             
               Muscles
               ,
               Bones
            
             ,
             &c.
             
             Being
             the
             Pap
             ,
             the
             Midriff
             ,
             the
             Pleure
             ,
             and
             the
             Mediastin
             .
          
           
             The
             contained
             are
             either
             Bowels
             ,
             as
             the
             Heart
             ,
             with
             its
             purse
             ,
             the
             Lungs
             ,
             a
             part
             of
             the
             Weazon
             and
             of
             the
             throat
             ;
             or
             Vessels
             ,
             as
             some
             branches
             of
             the
             
               Vena
               Cava
            
             ,
             and
             great
             Artery
             ;
             sustained
             by
             the
             thymus
             in
             the
             Throat
             and
             several
             Sinews
             .
          
           
             The
             
               lower
               Bellies
            
             proper
             containing
             parts
             ,
             are
             the
             Muscles
             of
             the
             Panch
             ,
             and
             the
             Belly-rim
             .
          
           
             The
             contained
             are
             either
             employed
             to
             Nutrition
             ,
             namely
             to
             Chylification
             ,
             as
             the
             Stomack
             ,
             the
             Kall
             ,
             the
             Sweet-bread
             ,
             the
             Guts
             ,
             and
             the
             Mesentery
             ;
             or
             to
             Sanguisication
             ,
             as
             the
             
               Mesaraick
               Veins
            
             ,
             the
             
               post
               Vein
            
             ,
             and
             the
             Cava
             ,
             the
             Liver
             ,
             the
             Gall
             ,
             the
             Bladder
             ,
             and
             the
             Milt
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             The
             Ioints
             are
             divided
             in
             the
             uppermost
             ,
             containing
             the
             great
             Hand
             ,
             namely
             the
             Arm
             ,
             that
             is
             ,
             the
             Shoulder
             ,
             from
             the
             upper
             shoulder
             to
             the
             Elbow
             ;
             and
             the
             Cubit
             from
             the
             Elbow
             to
             the
             Wrist
             .
             The
             lesser
             Hand
             ,
             divided
             in
             the
             
             Wrist
             between
             the
             Cubit
             and
             the
             Palm
             ,
             and
             the
             fist
             between
             the
             Wrist
             and
             the
             beginning
             of
             the
             Fingers
             ,
             whose
             inward
             part
             is
             called
             the
             Palm
             ,
             and
             the
             outward
             ,
             the
             Back
             of
             the
             Hand
             .
          
           
             The
             undermost
             contain
             the
             great
             Foot
             ,
             comprehending
             the
             Thigh
             ,
             from
             the
             Britch
             to
             the
             Knee
             ,
             the
             Leg
             from
             the
             Knee
             to
             the
             lesser
             foot
             ,
             which
             is
             divided
             in
             the
             Foot
             ,
             
               Pedium
               ,
               Metapedium
            
             ,
             and
             Toes
             .
          
           
             Before
             we
             come
             to
             Faculties
             and
             Functions
             ,
             it
             will
             not
             be
             amiss
             to
             say
             what
             the
             Soul
             is
             .
          
           
             They
             define
             it
             
               The
               substantial
               Form
               of
               a
               living
               Body
               ,
               and
               the
               inward
               principle
               of
               the
               actions
               thereof
               .
            
             For
             ,
             
               
                 The
                 Soul
                 a
                 Substance
                 and
                 a
                 Spirit
                 is
                 ,
              
               
                 Which
                 God
                 himself
                 doth
                 in
                 the
                 Body
                 make
              
               
                 Which
                 makes
                 the
                 man
                 ,
                 for
                 every
                 man
                 from
                 this
              
               
                 The
                 Nature
                 of
                 a
                 Man
                 ,
                 and
                 Name
                 doth
                 take
                 .
              
            
          
           
             It
             s
             connexion
             with
             the
             Body
             is
             called
             Life
             ,
             and
             its
             separation
             Death
             :
             Neither
             is
             this
             last
             greatly
             to
             be
             feared
             of
             a
             Christian
             ,
             
             since
             it
             is
             but
             a
             passage
             to
             a
             better
             Life
             ,
             and
             that
             ,
             as
             saith
             the
             Italian
             Poet.
             
          
           
             
               Altro
               mal
               non
               ha
               morte
               chél
               pensar
               a
               morire
               ,
            
             
               E
               chi
               morir
               pur
               duce
               ,
               quanto
               piu
               tosto
               more
               ,
            
             
               Tanto
               piu
               tosto
               al
               suo
               morir
               sinvola
               .
            
          
           
             A
             Faculty
             is
             a
             certain
             disposition
             of
             the
             Body
             ,
             whereby
             it
             can
             do
             something
             ,
             though
             it
             may
             be
             ,
             it
             doth
             it
             not
             ,
             so
             that
             it
             is
             
               only
               a
               power
               of
               acting
            
             .
          
           
             It
             s
             division
             is
             needless
             ,
             since
             it
             is
             but
             one
             power
             ,
             though
             it
             produceth
             several
             actions
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             Vacuity
             of
             its
             Organs
             .
          
           
             A
             Function
             ,
             is
             described
             ,
             the
             exercise
             of
             a
             Faculty
             ,
             and
             is
             only
             distinguisted
             in
             Natural
             and
             
               Animal
               ,
               Pulse
            
             being
             referred
             by
             the
             Moderns
             to
             sanguification
             ,
             whereof
             we
             have
             spoken
             in
             the
             Theorem
             of
             Blood
             ,
             and
             Respiring
             to
             motion
             ,
             of
             which
             will
             be
             said
             hereafter
             .
          
           
             The
             
               Natural
               Function
            
             is
             divided
             in
             ,
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 Nutrition
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Growth
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Generation
                 .
              
            
          
           
             To
             the
             first
             whereof
             the
             Antients
             made
             
             four
             others
             to
             be
             subservient
             ;
             for
             as
             Dykes
             saith
             of
             the
             Soul
             ,
             
               
                 Here
                 she
                 attracts
                 ,
                 and
                 there
                 she
                 doth
                 retain
                 ,
              
               
                 Here
                 she
                 decocts
                 ,
                 and
                 doth
                 the
                 food
                 prepare
                 ,
              
               
                 There
                 she
                 distributes
                 it
                 to
                 every
                 Vein
                 :
              
               
                 And
                 here
                 expels
                 what
                 she
                 may
                 fitly
                 spare
                 .
              
            
          
           
             Yet
             the
             Moderns
             do
             exclude
             from
             thence
             all
             
               similary
               attraction
            
             and
             
               retention
               ,
               Deglution
            
             being
             performed
             by
             Detrusion
             only
             ;
             the
             several
             parts
             of
             the
             Mouth
             ,
             the
             Tongue
             ,
             the
             OEsophague
             ,
             &c.
             contributing
             thereunto
             ;
             Retention
             being
             also
             effected
             by
             the
             Oblique
             Fibres
             of
             the
             Stomack
             ;
             but
             Hunger
             is
             produced
             by
             the
             sourish
             Vapors
             of
             the
             acid
             in
             the
             Stomack
             ,
             which
             do
             gently
             Vellicate
             its
             upper
             Orifice
             ,
             and
             the
             apparent
             cause
             of
             Thirst
             is
             the
             want
             of
             moisture
             .
          
           
             To
             Concoction
             three
             others
             are
             subordinate
             .
          
           
             
               1.
               
               Chylification
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               Sanguification
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               Assimilation
               .
            
          
           
           
             The
             two
             first
             whereof
             ,
             together
             with
             Expulsion
             ,
             are
             explained
             in
             the
             describing
             of
             Humours
             ,
             so
             that
             only
             Assimilation
             and
             Growth
             are
             here
             to
             be
             expounded
             ,
             which
             take
             thus
             .
          
           
             When
             the
             Arteries
             begin
             to
             swell
             ,
             as
             aforesaid
             ,
             the
             particles
             of
             the
             Blood
             ,
             which
             in
             them
             are
             convey'd
             to
             the
             roots
             of
             certain
             filaments
             ,
             issuing
             from
             the
             ends
             of
             the
             smallest
             Arteries
             ,
             whereby
             they
             compose
             the
             
               Bones
               ,
               Flesh
               ,
               Skin
            
             ,
             &c.
             according
             to
             the
             various
             manner
             of
             their
             application
             and
             contexture
             ,
             or
             directed
             by
             the
             same
             Plastick
             virtue
             whereby
             the
             said
             parts
             were
             formed
             ,
             which
             they
             nourish
             ,
             something
             distending
             them
             ,
             and
             intruding
             themselves
             in
             their
             vacancies
             ;
             where
             they
             remain
             ,
             when
             the
             Arteries
             return
             to
             their
             former
             state
             .
          
           
             And
             Growth
             is
             likewise
             effected
             :
             The
             pores
             of
             the
             matter
             of
             Chi●drens
             Bodies
             being
             easily
             extended
             ,
             whereby
             some
             particles
             of
             the
             Blood
             ,
             a
             little
             greater
             than
             those
             whose
             places
             they
             fill
             ,
             may
             enter
             and
             subsist
             therein
             ,
             which
             cannot
             be
             longer
             done
             ,
             when
             their
             Limbs
             are
             grown
             more
             solid
             .
          
           
             Generation
             is
             a
             
               Function
               ,
               whereby
               a
               
               man
               produceth
               another
               like
               to
               himself
               ,
            
             whereunto
             the
             Antients
             did
             subordain
             two
             others
             ,
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 Alteration
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Conformation
                 .
              
            
          
           
             Which
             the
             Moderns
             do
             rather
             attribute
             to
             the
             Plastick
             virtue
             of
             the
             Seed
             ,
             though
             denyed
             by
             Rhegius
             and
             other
             Cartesians
             ,
             who
             affirm
             ,
             That
             the
             particles
             of
             the
             Seed
             ,
             moved
             by
             its
             own
             heat
             ,
             and
             that
             of
             the
             Uterus
             ,
             because
             of
             their
             various
             figures
             ,
             are
             necessarily
             turned
             into
             the
             Brood
             of
             an
             animal
             ,
             whereunto
             they
             since
             attribute
             the
             whole
             formation
             of
             the
             Foetus
             ,
             without
             the
             Function
             of
             any
             intellectual
             faculty
             directing
             it
             .
          
           
             The
             Animal
             function
             is
             divided
             in
             ,
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 Principal
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Moving
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Sensitive
                 .
              
            
          
           
             Whereof
             the
             first
             comprehends
             these
             three
             ,
             viz.
             
          
           
             1.
             
             Imagination
             ,
             whereby
             all
             Objects
             Species
             offered
             to
             the
             external
             senses
             are
             perceived
             and
             discerned
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             Reasoning
             ,
             whereby
             a
             man
             discourseth
             and
             understands
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             Memory
             ,
             whereby
             the
             Species
             of
             
             things
             perceived
             ,
             conceived
             and
             understood
             are
             preserved
             ,
             whereof
             will
             be
             further
             spoken
             in
             the
             period
             of
             Sensation
             .
          
           
             Motion
             is
             thus
             performed
             ,
             The
             most
             vivid
             and
             quickest
             particles
             of
             the
             Blood
             ,
             such
             as
             we
             may
             conceive
             the
             Vital
             Spirits
             ,
             do
             ascend
             from
             the
             left
             Ventricle
             of
             the
             Heart
             ,
             through
             the
             Caroties
             and
             
               Cervical
               Arteries
            
             ,
             into
             the
             Cavities
             of
             the
             Brain
             ,
             where
             they
             are
             turned
             into
             a
             subtile
             flame
             or
             wind
             ,
             usually
             called
             the
             
               Animal
               Spirits
            
             ,
             which
             being
             driven
             by
             grosser
             particles
             ,
             do
             not
             enter
             in
             the
             
               Pineal
               Glandule
               (
               Steno
            
             having
             shewed
             us
             how
             unapt
             it
             is
             thereunto
             )
             but
             in
             some
             (
             yet
             unknown
             )
             more
             convenient
             place
             of
             the
             Head
             ,
             whence
             they
             sally
             out
             into
             the
             Cavities
             of
             the
             Brain
             and
             the
             pores
             of
             its
             substance
             ,
             to
             be
             thence
             conveyed
             into
             the
             Nerves
             ,
             where
             they
             have
             a
             power
             (
             which
             the
             learned
             Willis
             calleth
             Elastick
             )
             to
             change
             the
             figure
             of
             the
             Muscles
             ,
             and
             so
             move
             the
             whole
             Body
             .
          
           
             To
             this
             manner
             of
             moving
             Respiration
             is
             also
             to
             be
             referred
             ,
             for
             the
             Muscles
             of
             the
             Thorax
             drawing
             it
             up
             ,
             the
             Lungs
             ,
             
             to
             avoid
             vacuity
             ,
             are
             extended
             ,
             whereby
             their
             small
             cavities
             are
             opened
             ,
             and
             receive
             the
             inspired
             Air
             ,
             which
             is
             again
             excluded
             in
             expiration
             ,
             when
             the
             Lungs
             following
             the
             restriction
             of
             the
             Abdomen
             ,
             their
             said
             Cavities
             are
             again
             straightned
             .
          
           
             The
             
               Sensitive
               Function
            
             ,
             is
             the
             exercise
             of
             the
             five
             external
             Senses
             ,
             which
             comparatively
             to
             certain
             Beasts
             ,
             are
             comprised
             in
             these
             two
             Verses
             .
             
               
                 Nos
                 Aper
                 Auditu
                 praecellit
                 ,
                 Aranea
                 Tactu
                 ,
              
               
                 Vultur
                 Odoratu
                 ,
                 Lynx
                 Visu
                 ,
                 Simia
                 Gustu
                 .
              
            
             That
             is
             ,
             
               
                 The
                 Bore
                 excels
                 in
                 Hearing
                 ,
                 and
                 the
                 Spider
              
               
                 By
                 sence
                 of
                 Touch
                 ,
                 is
                 a
                 subtil
                 divider
                 .
              
               
                 The
                 Vul●ers
                 Smell
                 ,
                 th'
                 Apes
                 Taste
                 ,
                 and
                 Lynxes
                 Sight
                 ,
              
               
                 Excells
                 the
                 Man
                 by
                 far
                 ,
                 that
                 solid
                 Wight
                 .
              
            
          
           
             Their
             respective
             Instruments
             are
             ,
          
           
             1.
             
             The
             Eyes
             of
             Seeing
             in
             the
             Retin●
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             The
             Ears
             of
             Hearing
             in
             the
             
               Auditory
               Nerve
            
             .
          
           
           
             3.
             
             The
             Nose
             of
             Smelling
             ,
             not
             through
             the
             
               Os
               Cribriforme
            
             ,
             which
             is
             not
             pierced
             as
             the
             Antients
             conceived
             ,
             but
             by
             the
             
               Apophysces
               Mammillares
            
             ,
             or
             the
             extremities
             of
             the
             Nerves
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             The
             Tongue
             of
             ●asting
             ,
             by
             the
             
               Papillary
               eminencies
            
             ,
             noted
             by
             Bellinus
             ,
             whence
             Savours
             are
             conducted
             to
             the
             Filaments
             of
             the
             4
             and
             7
             pair
             of
             the
             Nerves
             that
             end
             there
             .
          
           
             5.
             
             The
             Skin
             of
             Touching
             ,
             by
             the
             
               Pyramidal
               papils
            
             ,
             observed
             by
             Malpigius
             ,
             and
             esteemed
             the
             extremities
             of
             the
             Nerves
             of
             the
             
               sixth
               pair
            
             ending
             in
             it
             .
          
           
             Sensation
             ,
             is
             performed
             as
             followeth
             ,
             When
             the
             small
             Filaments
             of
             the
             Sinews
             are
             in
             the
             least
             moved
             by
             the
             Objects
             of
             the
             senses
             ,
             they
             draw
             to
             them
             the
             parts
             of
             the
             Brain
             from
             whence
             they
             take
             Origin
             ,
             whereby
             they
             open
             some
             pores
             of
             the
             inward
             superficy
             of
             it
             ,
             through
             which
             the
             
               animal
               Spirits
            
             ,
             being
             derived
             into
             the
             Nerves
             and
             Muscles
             ,
             do
             excite
             those
             motions
             ,
             which
             we
             perceive
             our
             senses
             ,
             being
             thus
             or
             so
             affected
             ,
             which
             is
             to
             be
             understood
             of
             all
             Sensation
             ;
             and
             if
             the
             said
             spirits
             ,
             having
             the
             Impression
             of
             some
             Id●a
             conceived
             or
             also
             discerned
             
             in
             some
             fit
             place
             of
             the
             Brain
             (
             as
             Cartesius
             esteemed
             the
             
               Pin●al
               Gland●le
            
             )
             do
             often
             pass
             through
             the
             same
             pores
             of
             the
             Brains
             texture
             ,
             they
             do
             dilate
             them
             so
             ,
             that
             the
             Objects
             being
             absent
             ,
             they
             may
             be
             represented
             to
             the
             Soul
             ,
             whence
             Memory
             doth
             depend
             .
             But
             if
             opening
             one
             or
             more
             of
             them
             ,
             some
             others
             are
             dilated
             ,
             Reminiscency
             is
             effected
             ;
             and
             if
             the
             traces
             of
             the
             Ideas
             are
             conveyed
             by
             the
             smal
             Ar●eries
             to
             the
             heart
             ,
             and
             diffuse
             their
             beams
             throughout
             the
             mass
             of
             Blood
             ,
             it
             may
             thence
             proceed
             ,
             that
             the
             Foster
             is
             sometimes
             noted
             with
             certain
             markes
             .
          
           
             Sleep
             is
             a
             Cessation
             of
             Motion
             and
             of
             the
             
               External
               Senses
            
             ,
             and
             is
             produced
             ,
             when
             the
             Braines
             substance
             is
             not
             sufficiently
             ●istended
             by
             the
             Spirits
             aforesaid
             ,
             or
             when
             it
             is
             over●whelmed
             with
             Vapours
             ;
             for
             in
             these
             cases
             it
             falls
             together
             ,
             and
             oppresseth
             the
             Nerves
             of
             the
             several
             Sen●es
             ,
             that
             their
             Objects
             cannot
             be
             transmitted
             .
             And
             Dreams
             ,
             which
             happen
             during
             Sleep
             have
             their
             origin
             ,
             partly
             ●rom
             the
             inequality
             of
             the
             Spirits
             issuing
             ●rom
             the
             Souls
             Domicil
             ,
             and
             partly
             from
             the
             occurring
             impressions
             of
             Memory
             .
          
           
           
             Spirits
             are
             defined
             ,
             
               A
               thin
               ,
               invisible
               ,
               aethere
               all
               and
               most
               quick
               substance
               ,
               arising
               from
               the
               subtilest
               parts
               of
               the
               Blood
               ,
               t●
               be
               the
               Vehicle
               of
               all
               necessary
               actions
               .
            
          
           
             The
             Antients
             did
             divide
             it
             ,
             in
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 Implanted
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Adventitious
                 .
              
            
          
           
             Whereof
             the
             first
             is
             denyed
             by
             some
             who
             conceive
             it
             impossible
             ,
             that
             the●
             same
             cause
             acting
             in
             the
             same
             manner
             should
             last
             so
             long
             ,
             and
             produce
             so
             many
             and
             often
             contrary
             Functions
             .
          
           
             They
             were
             formerly
             divided
             as
             th●
             Faculties
             were
             ,
             in
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 Natural
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Vital
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Animal
                 .
              
            
          
           
             But
             
               Sylvius
               de
               le
               Boe
            
             ,
             admits
             none
             bu●
             the
             Animal
             ,
             and
             other
             Moderns
             the
             
               V●●
               tal
            
             ,
             under
             which
             they
             comprehend
             th●
             Natural
             and
             the
             Animal
             ;
             taking
             th●
             subtilest
             parts
             of
             the
             Blood
             ,
             arising
             fro●●
             the
             left
             Ventricle
             of
             the
             Heart
             ,
             for
             th●
             first
             ,
             which
             are
             turned
             in
             the
             Brains
             int●
             the
             Animal
             ,
             serving
             .
          
           
             First
             ,
             To
             sundry
             motions
             of
             the
             Sou●
             and
             Body
             .
          
           
             Secondly
             ,
             To
             the
             exercising
             of
             the
             internal
             
             and
             external
             Senses
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             To
             the
             alteration
             of
             Humours
             .
          
           
             
               Native
               Heat
            
             is
             a
             proper
             and
             special
             quality
             to
             all
             animated
             creatures
             ,
             whereby
             they
             live
             and
             exercise
             their
             functions
             ,
             uses
             ,
             and
             necessary
             operations
             .
          
           
             Thus
             I
             think
             to
             have
             briefly
             explained
             ,
             not
             only
             the
             Natural
             things
             ,
             but
             also
             their
             Annexes
             ,
             except
             the
             manner
             of
             living
             ,
             which
             if
             it
             be
             watry
             and
             moist
             ,
             ●s
             obnoxious
             to
             diseases
             of
             that
             temper
             ;
             but
             if
             it
             be
             hot
             and
             dry
             ,
             the
             contrary
             must
             be
             expected
             .
          
           
             In
             sum
             ,
             it
             appears
             by
             the
             Premises
             ,
             that
             the
             Body
             of
             Man
             is
             a
             Microcosme
             ,
             composed
             of
             several
             parts
             ,
             wonderfully
             effig●r●ted
             ,
             and
             adorned
             with
             sundry
             Functions
             ,
             created
             to
             be
             for
             a
             certain
             time
             ,
             the
             Domicil
             or
             dwelling
             place
             of
             the
             
               Rational
               Soul
            
             ,
             so
             that
             not
             without
             cause
             ,
             the
             German
             Poet
             exclaimes
             ,
             
               
                 
                   O
                   Edles
                   wundertheir
                   ,
                   zur
                   weisheit
                   auserkohren
                   ,
                
                 
                   Uoll
                   geist
                   ,
                   voll
                   luft
                   ,
                   voll
                   got
                   ,
                   vom
                   himmel
                   selbst
                   gebohren
                   ,
                
                 
                   Du
                   Herr
                   ,
                   du
                   Eben
                   bild
                   ,
                   und
                   auszug
                   allerwelt
                   ,
                
                 
                 
                   Der
                   unter
                   ies
                   den
                   lauff
                   der
                   hohen
                   sterner
                   stelt
                   ,
                
                 
                   Du
                   weise
                   Creatuur
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
              
               
                 
                   O
                   thou
                   noble
                   Animal
                   ,
                   wonder
                   to
                   wisdom
                   chosen
                   ,
                
                 
                   Full
                   of
                   Spirit
                   and
                   God
                   ,
                   from
                   Heaven
                   it self
                   rosen
                   .
                
                 
                   Thou
                   Lord
                   ,
                   Type
                   ,
                   and
                   extract
                   of
                   the
                   whole
                   Univers
                   ,
                
                 
                   Disposing
                   under
                   thee
                   the
                   course
                   of
                   the
                   high
                   stars
                   ,
                
                 
                   Thou
                   creature
                   full
                   of
                   Wit
                   &c.
                   
                
              
            
          
           
             Those
             things
             are
             called
             
               not
               natural
            
             ,
             which
             do
             not
             enter
             in
             the
             Bodies
             composition
             ,
             but
             by
             a
             right
             use
             whereof
             it
             may
             long
             be
             maintained
             healthful
             and
             sound
             .
          
           
             
               They
               are
               ,
            
             
               1.
               
               Air.
               
            
             
               2.
               
               Eating
               and
               Drinking
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               Motion
               and
               Quiet
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               Sleeping
               and
               Watching
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               Repletion
               and
               Evacuation
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               The
               Passions
               of
               the
               mind
               .
            
          
           
             In
             the
             administration
             of
             all
             which
             we
             ought
             to
             consider
             ,
             
               
               
                 1.
                 
                 The
                 Quality
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Quantity
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Manner
                 of
                 Using
                 .
              
            
          
           
             A
             
               free
               ,
               open
               ,
               serene
            
             ,
             and
             
               thin
               Air
            
             is
             to
             be
             esteemed
             the
             best
             ;
             as
             also
             the
             East
             and
             North
             Winds
             ;
             but
             the
             South
             and
             Western
             are
             held
             unwholsom
             .
          
           
             The
             simpler
             our
             diet
             is
             ,
             the
             healthful●er
             it
             is
             to
             be
             esteemed
             ;
             for
             as
             Hora●e
             saith
             ,
             the
             variety
             of
             meat
             is
             very
             noxious
             ,
             viz.
             
          
           
             
               
                 —
                 nam
                 variae
                 res
              
               
                 Ut
                 noceant
                 homini
                 credas
                 ,
                 memor
                 illius
                 escae
                 ,
              
               
                 Que
                 simplex
                 olim
                 tibi
                 sederit
                 ,
                 at
                 simul
                 assis
              
               
                 Miscueris
                 elixa
                 ,
                 simul
                 conchilia
                 turdis
                 ,
              
               
                 Dulcia
                 se
                 in
                 bilem
                 vertent
                 stomachoque
                 tumultum
              
               
                 Lenta
                 feret
                 pituita
                 ;
                 vides
                 ut
                 pallidus
                 omnis
              
               
                 Coenâ
                 desurgit
                 dubiâ
                 .
                 —
              
            
             
               
                 That
                 thou
                 mayst
                 know
                 how
                 various
                 things
                 offend
                 ,
              
               
                 Think
                 but
                 what
                 single
                 meat
                 did
                 once
                 defend
              
               
               
                 Thee
                 from
                 approaching
                 hunger
                 ,
                 but
                 at
                 last
                 ,
              
               
                 Roasted
                 with
                 boyld
                 ,
                 and
                 Birds
                 with
                 Shels
                 thou
                 hast
              
               
                 Together
                 mixt
                 ;
                 In
                 Choler
                 what
                 is
                 sweet
              
               
                 Will
                 turn
                 it self
                 ,
                 and
                 thy
                 Stomack
                 surfeit
              
               
                 With
                 slimy
                 Phlegm
                 :
                 Consider
                 then
                 how
                 pale
              
               
                 Each
                 riseth
                 from
                 his
                 Seat
                 ,
                 and
                 doubtful
                 Meal
                 .
              
            
          
           
             Meats
             affording
             a
             good
             juice
             ,
             and
             substance
             ,
             are
             doubtless
             the
             wholsomest
             ,
             and
             nevertheless
             ,
             in
             expending
             them
             ,
             the
             sicknesses
             nature
             ,
             the
             strength
             ,
             age
             ,
             and
             labour
             of
             the
             Patient
             are
             to
             be
             perspicuously
             considered
             ,
             whereunto
             an
             inveterate
             custom
             is
             to
             be
             added
             :
             for
             Country
             Men
             and
             Labourers
             convert
             meats
             of
             an
             easy
             digestion
             into
             Choler
             ,
             but
             extract
             a
             laudable
             substance
             of
             a
             courser●
             diet
             ,
             and
             thus
             ,
             
               
                 Consuetudo
                 valet
                 ,
                 longos
                 mansura
                 per
                 annos
                 ,
              
               
                 Illaque
                 Naturam
                 ,
                 vires
                 si
                 sumpserit
                 ,
                 aequat
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 A
                 constant
                 use
                 a
                 second
                 nature
                 proves
                 ,
              
               
                 And
                 if
                 increast
                 ,
                 with
                 equal
                 force
                 it
                 moves
                 .
              
            
          
           
           
             Neither
             did
             the
             Antients
             neglect
             Order
             in
             Eating
             ,
             for
             they
             esteemed
             that
             what
             was
             easily
             decocted
             ,
             should
             enter
             first
             into
             the
             Stomach
             ,
             and
             that
             Lubrick
             meat
             ought
             to
             precede
             those
             that
             are
             Astringent
             :
             But
             it
             is
             now
             believed
             that
             those
             niceti●s
             may
             be
             omitted
             ,
             since
             the
             Aliments
             are
             all
             converted
             in
             one
             mass
             ,
             whence
             the
             Chylus
             is
             afterward
             separated
             .
             Whereunto
             I
             shall
             only
             add
             these
             two
             Verses
             of
             Drinking
             .
          
           
             
               Aut
               nulla
               ebrietas
               ,
               aut
               tanta
               sit
               ,
               ut
               tibi
               curas
               ,
            
             
               Eripiat
               ,
               si
               quae
               est
               inter
               utrumque
               nocet
               .
            
          
           
             
               Be
               never
               Drunk
               ,
               or
               so
               much
               let
               it
               be
            
             
               As
               to
               asswage
               thy
               Cares
               ;
               else
               't
               will
               hurt
               thee
               .
            
          
           
             Motion
             comprehends
             all
             kind
             of
             exercises
             ;
             the
             same
             ought
             to
             be
             moderate
             ,
             and
             we
             ought
             to
             leave
             it
             when
             Sweat
             begins
             to
             break
             out
             through
             the
             
               Pores
               ▪
            
             for
             immoderate
             Labour
             weakens
             the
             Body
             ,
             and
             is
             very
             pernicious
             ,
             as
             Ovid
             saith
             of
             himself
             .
          
           
             
             
               Me
               quoque
               debilitat
               semis
               immensa
               Laborum
               ,
            
             
               Ante
               meum
               tempus
               cogit
               &
               esse
               senem
               .
            
             
               Otia
               corpus
               alunt
               ,
               animus
               quoque
               pascitur
               illis
               ,
            
             
               Immodicus
               contra
               ,
               carpit
               utrumque
               labor
               .
            
          
           
             
               Continual
               Toyl
               weakens
               my
               weary
               Limbs
               ,
            
             
               And
               makes
               me
               Old
               before
               my
               time
               be
               come
               :
            
             
               Body
               and
               Mind
               ,
               by
               Rest
               are
               fed
               ,
               it
               seems
               ,
            
             
               But
               too
               much
               Work
               precipitates
               their
               doom
               .
            
          
           
             Sleep
             ,
             as
             we
             said
             before
             ,
             
               Is
               a
               cessation
               from
               motion
               and
               sence
               ,
            
             whose
             Office
             is
             the
             restoring
             of
             the
             Bodies
             former
             strength
             .
             It
             s
             proper
             time
             is
             Night
             ,
             an
             hour
             or
             two
             after
             Supper
             .
          
           
             The
             first
             lying
             not
             being
             first
             on
             the
             Right
             Side
             ,
             as
             many
             believe
             ,
             but
             on
             the
             Left
             ,
             where
             the
             bottom
             of
             the
             Stomach
             is
             and
             the
             meat
             ought
             to
             lye
             ,
             and
             about
             morning
             ,
             when
             concoction
             is
             ended
             on
             the
             Right
             ;
             neither
             should
             it
             exceed
             the
             space
             of
             
               Fight
               hours
            
             ;
             wherewith
             ,
             if
             some
             are
             not
             satisfied
             ,
             certainly
             the
             sooner
             ,
             
               
               
                 Longa
                 quiescendi
                 tempora
                 fata
                 dabunt
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 The
                 Fates
                 will
                 give
                 sufficient
                 time
                 to
                 sleep
                 .
              
            
          
           
             Dreams
             do
             in
             some
             manner
             indicate
             what
             ex●retion
             will
             be
             in
             the
             Crisis
             ,
             for
             if
             red
             and
             fiery
             ,
             they
             presage
             a
             Cholerick
             one
             ;
             if
             moist
             and
             watry
             ,
             a
             Phlegmatick
             .
          
           
             Moderate
             watching
             quickens
             the
             senses
             ,
             and
             diffuseth
             heat
             and
             blood
             through
             the
             whole
             Body
             .
             But
             if
             it
             be
             immoderate
             ,
             it
             weakens
             the
             same
             ,
             dries
             up
             the
             Spirits
             ,
             and
             spoiles
             the
             brains
             Temperature
             .
          
           
             Repletion
             is
             either
             of
             quality
             or
             of
             quantity
             .
          
           
             The
             first
             is
             seen
             in
             the
             
               Hectick
               Feaver
            
             ,
             or
             Marasmus
             .
          
           
             The
             second
             hath
             a
             relation
             to
             the
             containing
             parts
             ,
             and
             is
             measured
             by
             their
             distention
             ;
             or
             to
             the
             Bodies
             strength
             ,
             when
             the
             same
             is
             fuller
             of
             humours
             than
             it
             can
             well
             bear
             .
          
           
             The
             repletion
             of
             a
             single
             humour
             is
             called
             Cacochimy
             ;
             that
             of
             more
             Pletora
             .
          
           
             Evacuation
             ,
             in
             the
             strictest
             sence
             ,
             
               Is
               an
               
               effusion
               of
               such
               humours
               as
               are
               superfluous
               and
               hurtful
               ,
            
             and
             is
             either
             of
             the
             whole
             body
             ,
             chiefly
             performed
             by
             
               Phlebotomy
               ,
               Sweat
            
             and
             Purgation
             ,
             or
             of
             the
             several
             parts
             ,
             by
             their
             respective
             Conduits
             ,
             as
             the
             Brains
             ,
             by
             the
             
               Eyes
               ,
               Nose
            
             and
             Eares
             ,
             the
             Lungs
             by
             the
             Wind-pipe
             ,
             &c.
             
             In
             all
             Evacuation
             ,
             three
             things
             are
             to
             be
             observ'd
             and
             considered
             ,
             The
             Quantity
             ,
             Quality
             ,
             and
             manner
             of
             
               Excretion
               ,
               V.
               g.
            
             The
             Empieme
             being
             opened
             ,
             the
             excluded
             matter
             ought
             to
             be
             answerable
             in
             quantity
             to
             that
             which
             is
             included
             .
             The
             most
             laudable
             is
             
               white
               ,
               even
            
             ,
             and
             as
             little
             stinking
             as
             may
             be
             .
             And
             lastly
             ,
             all
             must
             be
             purged
             out
             at
             one
             time
             ,
             least
             the
             Patient
             suffer
             too
             great
             an
             Effusion
             of
             Spirits
             .
          
           
             The
             Passions
             of
             the
             Soul
             ,
             or
             Perturbations
             of
             the
             Mind
             ,
             are
             very
             prevalent
             to
             alter
             the
             Bodies
             Constitution
             ;
             for
             as
             the
             Banished
             Poet
             saith
             ,
             
               
                 Unda
                 locusque
                 nocent
                 ,
                 &
                 causa
                 valentior
                 istis
                 ,
              
               
                 Anxietas
                 animi
                 ;
                 quae
                 mihi
                 semper
                 adest
                 .
              
            
             
               
               
                 The
                 Sea
                 and
                 place
                 do
                 hurt
                 ,
                 but
                 yet
                 I
                 find
              
               
                 A
                 greater
                 Cause
                 ,
                 the
                 torment
                 of
                 my
                 mind
                 .
              
            
          
           
             We
             wil
             therefore
             brie●ly
             expound
             their
             Effects
             .
          
           
             A
             moderate
             Ioy
             ,
             dilates
             the
             heart
             ,
             and
             distributes
             abundance
             of
             Spirits
             to
             the
             Face
             ,
             and
             other
             parts
             ;
             it
             helps
             Concoction
             ,
             and
             renders
             our
             habitude
             more
             chearful
             ,
             and
             pleasant
             .
          
           
             Anger
             or
             Wrath
             performs
             the
             like
             effusion
             ,
             but
             much
             more
             rapid
             and
             swift●
             It
             kindleth
             sometimes
             the
             Humours
             so
             much
             ,
             that
             it
             makes
             them
             apt
             to
             receive
             a
             sharp
             volatile
             Salt
             ,
             which
             is
             thought
             the
             cause
             of
             
               putrid
               Feavers
            
             ,
             and
             produceth
             also
             other
             Symptoms
             ;
             yet
             it
             may
             be
             profitably
             used
             ,
             to
             quicken
             the
             natural
             heat
             ,
             and
             render
             it
             more
             active
             ,
             when
             it
             is
             almost
             prostrated
             .
          
           
             Sorrow
             and
             Fear
             ,
             draw
             heat
             and
             blood
             suddenly
             to
             the
             Heart
             ,
             whence
             the
             forces
             do
             presently
             fall
             ,
             and
             sometimes
             death
             immediately
             follows
             ,
             the
             Vital
             Faculty
             being
             over
             whelmed
             with
             Blood
             and
             Spirits
             .
          
           
             This
             I
             conceive
             sufficient
             ,
             since
             all
             
             other
             Passions
             of
             the
             mind
             may
             be
             referred
             to
             these
             three
             or
             four
             .
          
           
             Those
             things
             are
             termed
             against
             nature
             ,
             which
             may
             procure
             the
             destroying
             and
             ruine
             of
             the
             Body
             .
          
           
             They
             are
             the
             cause
             of
             Diseases
             ,
             Disease
             it self
             ,
             and
             its
             Accidents
             ,
             or
             Symptoms
             .
          
           
             The
             Cause
             of
             a
             Disease
             ,
             is
             ,
             
               Whatsoever
               doth
               any
               way
               contribute
               to
               the
               being
               ,
               or
               increase
               of
               it
               .
            
             Which
             ,
             though
             Physitians
             give
             them
             many
             distinctions
             ,
             may
             nevertheless
             all
             be
             referred
             to
             the
             efficient
             ,
             especially
             divided
             in
             1.
             
             
               External
               ,
               2.
               
               Internal
            
             ;
             For
             ,
             Alas
             !
             How
             many
             things
             may
             extinguish
             our
             light
             .
          
           
             The
             humours
             within
             us
             maintain
             an
             equal
             fight
             ;
             and
             least
             it
             be
             too
             long
             ,
             Death
             hath
             a
             Pike
             ,
             a
             Ball
             ,
             a
             Sword
             ,
             a
             Knife
             ,
             a
             Stone
             and
             an
             Arrow
             ,
             to
             cut
             our
             feeble
             thred
             ,
             &c.
             
          
           
             The
             External
             Cause
             cometh
             from
             without
             ;
             the
             Internal
             hath
             its
             seat
             in
             the
             Body
             ,
             and
             is
             either
             ,
          
           
             1.
             
             Antecedent
             ,
             that
             yeilds
             aptitude
             to
             a
             sickness
             .
          
           
             Or
             ,
             2.
             
             Conjoyn'd
             ,
             which
             immediately
             ,
             and
             of
             it self
             perfects
             it
             .
          
           
             They
             are
             also
             co-ingendred
             with
             the
             
             Patient
             ,
             or
             have
             accesse
             to
             him
             after
             his
             Birth
             .
          
           
             A
             Disease
             is
             ,
             
               A
               disposition
               against
               Nature
               immediately
               ,
               and
               of
               it self
               ,
               hurting
               the
               actions
               .
            
          
           
             The
             same
             is
             Simple
             or
             Complicated
             .
          
           
             The
             first
             is
             ,
             when
             there
             is
             no
             plurality
             ,
             or
             composition
             of
             Diseases
             .
          
           
             The
             second
             ,
             When
             it
             is
             followed
             of
             many
             Symptoms
             ,
             or
             when
             the
             Cause
             is
             so
             connexed
             with
             it
             ,
             that
             it
             may
             be
             lookt
             upon
             as
             a
             particular
             Sickness
             .
          
           
             Diseases
             are
             of
             a
             threefold
             species
             .
          
           
             
               1.
               
               Intempery
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               Evil
               Conformation
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               Solution
               of
               Continuity
               .
            
          
           
             The
             first
             is
             ,
             an
             Indisposition
             of
             the
             Similary
             parts
             ,
             caused
             by
             the
             excess
             of
             a
             single
             Humour
             or
             the
             Exuberance
             of
             more
             ;
             The
             last
             whereof
             is
             called
             naked
             ,
             or
             conjoyned
             with
             a
             Vice
             of
             the
             same
             Humours
             ,
             and
             is
             termed
             equal
             ,
             as
             being
             ●qually
             spread
             throughout
             the
             whole
             Body
             ,
             or
             inequal
             ,
             as
             affecting
             only
             some
             particular
             part
             of
             it
             .
          
           
             There
             are
             four
             sorts
             of
             evil
             Conformation
             .
             Namely
             in
             ,
             
               
               
                 1.
                 
                 Figure
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Magnitude
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Number
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Scituation
                 .
              
            
          
           
             Solution
             of
             Continuity
             is
             a
             common
             Disease
             ,
             of
             the
             Similary
             and
             Organical
             parts
             ,
             which
             hath
             several
             Names
             ,
             according
             to
             the
             places
             where
             it
             is
             incident
             ;
             For
             in
             the
             Flesh
             it
             is
             called
             Helcos
             ,
             in
             the
             Bones
             ,
             Cathagma
             ;
             in
             the
             Nerves
             ,
             Spasma
             .
          
           
             The
             Symptoms
             of
             a
             Disease
             are
             the
             Effects
             and
             Productions
             of
             it
             ;
             
               To
               wit
            
             ,
          
           
             1.
             
             
               A
               hurt
               action
            
             ,
             (
             that
             is
             1.
             
             
               Abolished
               .
               2.
               
               Diminished
            
             .
             Or
             ,
             3.
             
             Depraved
             .
             )
          
           
             2.
             
             A
             Vice
             in
             the
             Bodyes
             Habitude
             .
          
           
             3.
             
             
               Vitiated
               Excretions
            
             .
          
           
             Of
             the
             aforesaid
             Precepts
             are
             collected
             two
             Intentions
             .
          
           
             1.
             
             What
             is
             to
             be
             done
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             And
             if
             it
             may
             be
             done
             .
          
           
             But
             the
             third
             belongs
             to
             Art
             ,
             viz.
             How
             it
             must
             be
             done
             .
          
           
             The
             Practice
             whereof
             is
             better
             declared
             in
             the
             Words
             annexed
             ,
             and
             the
             
             following
             Chapters
             ,
             that
             do
             briefly
             comprehend
             what
             doth
             belong
             to
             a
             Chirurgeon
             .
          
           
             The
             Indications
             are
             of
             three
             first
             and
             principal
             
               Species
               ,
               viz.
            
             
          
           
             1.
             
             The
             first
             is
             drawn
             from
             the
             natural
             things
             which
             do
             Indicate
             their
             conservation
             ,
             by
             the
             use
             of
             things
             like
             to
             themselves
             ,
             and
             of
             this
             kind
             are
             the
             Indications
             drawn
             from
             ,
          
           
             1.
             
             The
             strength
             and
             forces
             of
             the
             Patient
             ,
             which
             to
             preserve
             ,
             the
             proper
             Cure
             is
             often
             to
             be
             delayed
             ,
             for
             without
             them
             ,
             the
             Chirurgeon
             can
             effect
             but
             little
             .
          
           
             2.
             
             His
             
               Temper
               ,
               viz.
            
             
          
           
             
               1.
               
               Sanguine
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               Cholerick
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               Phlegmatick
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               Melancholy
               .
            
          
           
             3.
             
             The
             Habitude
             of
             his
             Body
             .
          
           
             
               1.
               
               Soft
               and
               delicate
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               Lean
               or
               Fat.
               
            
             
               3.
               
               Tall
               or
               Short.
               
            
          
           
             Least
             he
             lose
             that
             Symetry
             which
             Nahath
             allotted
             him
             .
          
           
             4.
             
             The
             Condition
             and
             Nature
             of
             the
             
             part
             affected
             .
             Wherein
             we
             consider
             ,
          
           
             1.
             
             It
             s
             Substance
             ,
             whether
             if
             Similary
             ,
             it
             be
             ,
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 Hot.
                 
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Cold.
                 
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Moist
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Dry.
                 
              
            
          
           
             If
             Organical
             ,
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 Principal
                 ,
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Or
                 Ignoble
                 .
              
            
          
           
             If
             it
             be
             ,
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 Of
                 a
                 
                   quick
                   Sense
                
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Or
                 Stupid
                 and
                 Dull
                 .
              
            
          
           
             And
             lastly
             ,
             it
             s
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 Form.
                 
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Figure
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Magnitude
                 .
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Number
                 .
              
               
                 5.
                 
                 Connexion
                 .
              
               
                 6.
                 
                 Action
                 or
                 Use.
                 
              
            
          
           
             5.
             
             The
             Age
             ;
             for
             many
             Diseases
             cannot
             be
             Cured
             in
             Old
             Age.
             
          
           
             6.
             
             The
             Sex
             ,
             for
             Women
             are
             easier
             purged
             than
             Men.
             
          
           
             7.
             
             The
             Season
             of
             the
             Year
             ,
             for
             Hot
             meat
             is
             convenient
             in
             Winter
             ,
             Cold
             in
             Summer
             ,
             Moist
             in
             Autumn
             ,
             and
             Dry
             in
             the
             Spring
             .
          
           
           
             8.
             
             The
             time
             of
             the
             Disease
             ,
             for
             what
             is
             convenient
             in
             the
             beginning
             ,
             is
             not
             so
             in
             the
             progress
             ,
             state
             or
             end
             .
          
           
             II.
             The
             second
             is
             drawn
             from
             the
             things
             not
             Natural
             ;
             Which
             do
             indicate
             their
             Alteration
             ;
             as
             if
             Air
             does
             conspire
             with
             Nature
             against
             the
             Disease
             ,
             it
             ought
             to
             be
             kept
             ;
             otherwise
             ,
             it
             must
             be
             altered
             .
          
           
             III.
             The
             third
             is
             taken
             from
             the
             things
             against
             Nature
             ,
             which
             indicate
             their
             Ablation
             ,
             and
             are
             ,
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 The
                 Cause
                 of
                 a
                 Disease
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 The
                 Disease
                 it self
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 The
                 Symptoms
                 .
              
            
          
           
             Which
             do
             often
             indicate
             contrary
             things
             ;
             but
             then
             this
             is
             the
             Rule
             .
          
           
             When
             there
             is
             Complication
             ,
             the
             first
             Remedies
             ought
             to
             take
             away
             ,
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 The
                 most
                 Dangerous
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 The
                 Cause
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 That
                 without
                 which
                 nothing
                 can
                 be
                 done
                 .
                 As
                 ,
              
            
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 Loss
                 of
                 Blood.
                 
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Fluxion
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Intempery
                 .
              
            
          
        
         
           
           
           
             A
             SHORT
             Compendium
             OF
             The
             PRACTICAL
             Part
             OF
             CHIRURGERY
             .
             CHAP.
             II.
             
          
           
             
               Of
               Impostumes
               .
            
             
               HAving
               thus
               far
               treated
               of
               such
               Theorems
               and
               Institutions
               ,
               as
               are
               wholly
               necessary
               to
               be
               known
               of
               all
               Well
               wishers
               to
               Chirurgery
               ,
               let
               us
               now
               
               say
               something
               of
               the
               Practical
               part
               thereof
               ,
               since
               it
               is
               almost
               impossible
               to
               treat
               perfectly
               of
               the
               Theorical
               ,
               unless
               the
               same
               do
               give
               some
               urgent
               occasion
               of
               it
               ,
               and
               in
               this
               it
               resembles
               the
               three
               Parts
               of
               
                 Curative
                 Physick
              
               ,
               that
               can
               hardly
               be
               separated
               from
               one
               another
               ,
               for
               as
               a
               French
               Poet
               doth
               intricately
               say
               ;
               
                 
                   Quand
                   un
                   Cordier
                   cordant
                   vent
                   accorder
                   sa
                   Corde
                   ,
                
                 
                   Pour
                   sa
                   corde
                   accorder
                   ,
                   trois
                   cordens
                   il
                   accorde
                   ,
                
                 
                   Mais
                   si
                   un
                   des
                   cordons
                   de
                   la
                   Corde
                   discorde
                   ,
                
                 
                   Le
                   Cordon
                   discordant
                   fait
                   discorder
                   la
                   Corde
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   When
                   a
                   Ropemaker
                   makes
                   a
                   Rope
                   ,
                
                 
                   Of
                   smaller
                   Ropes
                   he
                   twisteth
                   three
                   ,
                
                 
                   But
                   he
                   cannot
                   attain
                   his
                   Hope
                
                 
                   If
                   One
                   of
                   them
                   do
                   disagree
                   .
                
              
            
             
               We
               shall
               then
               divide
               this
               small
               Treatise
               into
               six
               other
               Chapters
               .
            
             
               The
               First
               whereof
               shall
               give
               the
               general
               Documents
               of
               Impostumes
               .
            
             
               The
               Second
               of
               Wounds
               .
            
             
             
               The
               Third
               of
               Ulcers
               .
            
             
               The
               Fourth
               of
               Fractures
               and
               Dis●ocations
               .
            
             
               The
               Fifth
               of
               the
               Generation
               and
               Production
               of
               Man.
               
            
             
               The
               Sixth
               of
               the
               Venereal
               Disease
               .
            
             
               The
               Seventh
               of
               some
               other
               Indispositions
               that
               are
               Cured
               by
               Chir●rgery
               .
            
             
               An
               Impostume
               then
               is
               defined
               ,
               
                 A
                 Disease
              
               ,
               composed
               of
               three
               others
               .
            
             
               
                 1.
                 
                 Intempery
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Evil
                 Conformation
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 Solution
                 of
                 Continuity
                 .
              
            
             
               The
               general
               Causes
               of
               it
               are
               ,
               
                 
                   1.
                   
                   Fluxion
                   .
                
                 
                   2.
                   
                   Congestion
                   .
                
              
            
             
               The
               subordinate
               ones
               of
               the
               first
               whereof
               are
               commonly
               ,
            
             
               1.
               
               A
               lower
               scituation
               of
               the
               part
               af●ected
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               The
               Soreness
               of
               it
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               It
               s
               Heat
               ,
               caused
               by
               a
               two
               violent
               motion
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               The
               outward
               Proximity
               of
               some
               hot
               Body
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               Or
               the
               application
               of
               sharp
               medicaments
               .
            
             
             
               The
               Causes
               of
               Congestion
               are
               two
               namely
               a
               defect
               of
               Assimulation
               in
               the
               Diseased
               part
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               The
               infirmity
               of
               the
               
                 Expulsive
                 Function
              
               .
            
             
               The
               difference
               of
               Impostumes
               are
               manifold
               but
               they
               are
               chiefly
               taken
               of
               their
               quality
               ,
               whereby
               they
               are
               termed
               great
               ,
               of
               a
               mean
               greatness
               ,
               or
               little
               .
            
             
               Or
               of
               the
               part
               affected
               ,
               as
               Opthalmys
               in
               the
               
                 Eye
                 ,
                 Varices
              
               in
               the
               Legs
               .
            
             
               Or
               of
               their
               Accidents
               ,
               as
               their
               Soreness
               ,
               whence
               they
               are
               called
               
                 painful
                 ,
                 smarting
                 ,
                 insensible
              
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               Or
               of
               their
               Colour
               ,
               by
               reason
               of
               which
               some
               are
               called
               
                 red
                 ,
                 white
                 ,
                 livid
                 ,
                 yellow
                 ,
              
               &c.
               
            
             
               But
               the
               chiefest
               and
               most
               necessary
               difference
               is
               that
               which
               is
               taken
               from
               the
               matter
               whereof
               they
               are
               composed
               ,
               which
               the
               following
               Discourse
               will
               more
               clearly
               manifest
               .
            
             
               The
               Matter
               of
               Impostumes
               is
               either
               ,
            
             
               I.
               Natural
               ,
               Which
               is
               ,
            
             
               1.
               
               Hot
               ,
               as
               Blood
               ,
               whence
               is
               made
               a
               true
               Phlegm
               ;
               Or
               ,
            
             
               Choler
               ,
               whence
               a
               true
               Erisipelas
               is
               produced
               .
            
             
             
               2.
               
               Cold
               ,
               as
               
                 first
                 Phlegm
              
               ,
               whence
               riseth
               a
               true
               OEdema
               .
            
             
               
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 Melancholy
              
               ,
               whence
               is
               made
               a
               Schirrus
               .
            
             
               II.
               Or
               
                 Against
                 Nature
              
               ,
               which
               is
               either
               
                 First
                 ,
                 Blood
              
               ,
               whence
               are
               made
               ,
               
                 
                   1.
                   
                   Carbuncles
                   .
                
                 
                   2.
                   
                   Antraces
                   .
                
                 
                   3.
                   
                   Gangrenae
                   .
                
                 
                   4.
                   
                   Istiomene
                   .
                
                 
                   5.
                   
                   Sphacelus
                   .
                
              
            
             
               
                 Secondly
                 ,
                 Choler
              
               ;
               whence
               are
               produced
               ,
            
             
               1.
               
               Herpes
               ,
               of
               the
               thickest
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               
                 Herpes
                 miliares
              
               ,
               of
               the
               thinnest
               .
            
             
               
                 Thirdly
                 ,
                 Phlegm
              
               ,
               whence
               arise
               ,
               
                 
                   1.
                   
                   Waterish
                   ,
                
                 
                   2.
                   
                   Windy
                   Impostumes
                   .
                
                 
                   3.
                   
                   Scrophulae
                   .
                
                 
                   4.
                   
                   Knobs
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
              
            
             
               
                 Fourthly
                 ,
                 Melancholy
              
               ,
               whence
               are
               engendred
               ,
               
                 
                   1.
                   
                   A
                   spurious
                   Schirrus
                   ,
                
                 
                   2.
                   
                   All
                   kinds
                   of
                   Cankers
                   .
                
              
            
             
               The
               signs
               of
               a
               
                 Sanguine
                 Impostume
              
               are
               pain
               in
               the
               diseased
               part
               ,
               the
               heat
               of
               it
               ,
               its
               redness
               ,
               and
               tention
               .
            
             
             
               
                 Coldness
                 ,
                 softness
              
               and
               a
               lesser
               pain
               indicates
               a
               Phlegmatick
               one
               .
            
             
               A
               yellowish
               and
               
                 pale
                 Colour
              
               ,
               and
               a
               smarting
               pain
               ,
               sheweth
               it
               to
               be
               Cholerick
               .
            
             
               And
               
                 Tension
                 ,
                 Hardness
              
               and
               Lividity
               ,
               with
               some
               pain
               by
               fits
               ,
               do
               manifest
               that
               it
               is
               caused
               of
               Melancholly
               ,
               or
               thick
               Blood.
               The
               Antients
               believed
               also
               that
               they
               had
               the
               Paroxisms
               ,
               and
               moving
               time
               of
               such
               Humours
               as
               they
               are
               made
               of
               .
            
             
               Thus
               the
               indisposition
               of
               an
               OEdema
               was
               more
               intense
               from
               midnight
               till
               Sun-rising
               ;
               a
               Phlegmon
               more
               painful
               from
               Sun-rising
               till
               Noon
               ;
               thence
               to
               Sun-setting
               ,
               an
               Erisipelas
               ;
               and
               a
               Scirrhus
               or
               Canker
               ,
               from
               that
               time
               till
               Midnight
               .
            
             
               Concerning
               the
               Prognosticks
               of
               Impostumes
               ,
               those
               that
               are
               caused
               of
               cold
               humours
               or
               thick
               Blood
               ,
               are
               of
               a
               longer
               Curation
               ,
               and
               such
               whose
               matter
               is
               against
               nature
               ,
               are
               healed
               with
               greater
               difficulty
               ,
               than
               those
               caused
               of
               a
               natural
               one
               ;
               whereunto
               you
               may
               add
               such
               as
               turn
               themselves
               in
               Schirres
               and
               Knobs
               .
            
             
               There
               is
               to
               be
               considered
               in
               all
               Impostumes
               four
               times
               .
               viz.
               
            
             
               
               
                 1.
                 
                 Their
                 Beginning
                 .
              
               
                 2.
                 
                 Augmentation
                 .
              
               
                 3.
                 
                 State.
                 
              
               
                 4.
                 
                 Decrease
                 .
              
            
             
               The
               first
               whereof
               is
               ,
               when
               the
               part
               beginneth
               to
               swell
               and
               pain
               .
            
             
               The
               second
               when
               the
               swelling
               pain
               ,
               and
               other
               accidents
               do
               increase
               .
            
             
               The
               third
               ,
               when
               they
               receive
               no
               augmentation
               .
            
             
               The
               fourth
               ,
               when
               they
               do
               decrease
               .
            
             
               They
               are
               commonly
               termined
               in
               four
               manners
               ,
               namely
               ,
               
                 
                   1.
                   
                   By
                   Resolution
                   .
                
                 
                   2.
                   
                   Suppuration
                   .
                
                 
                   3.
                   
                   Induration
                   of
                   the
                   part
                   ,
                
                 
                   4.
                   
                   Or
                   by
                   its
                   Corruption
                   and
                   Gangrene
                   ;
                   which
                   is
                   worst
                   of
                   all
                   .
                
              
            
             
               The
               Signs
               of
               resolution
               are
               an
               itching
               of
               the
               diseased
               part
               ,
               with
               the
               slacking
               of
               
                 Pulsation
                 ,
                 Tension
                 ,
                 Heat
              
               ,
               and
               other
               accidents
               .
            
             
               Those
               of
               Suppuration
               are
               the
               greatness
               and
               vehemency
               of
               the
               Feavour
               ,
               
                 pain
                 ,
                 pulsation
              
               and
               heat
               .
            
             
               A
               diminution
               of
               swelling
               and
               pain
               ,
               and
               a
               hardness
               left
               in
               the
               affected
               part
               do
               indicate
               its
               Induration
               .
            
             
             
               And
               when
               the
               accidents
               of
               
                 heat
                 ,
                 pain
                 ,
                 pulsation
              
               and
               tension
               are
               greater
               ,
               than
               they
               use
               to
               be
               in
               Suppuration
               ;
               when
               the
               pain
               ceaseth
               suddenly
               ,
               without
               any
               manifest
               cause
               ,
               if
               the
               part
               grows
               livid
               and
               blackish
               ,
               and
               lastly
               if
               it
               
                 stinkes
                 ,
                 Gangreen
              
               is
               more
               than
               fully
               signified
               .
            
             
               The
               first
               Indication
               in
               the
               Cure
               of
               all
               Impostumes
               ,
               is
               the
               prohibiting
               of
               Fluxion
               by
               repelling
               and
               intercepting
               Remedies
               .
            
             
               The
               second
               is
               an
               evacuation
               of
               the
               matter
               causing
               it
               ,
               whether
               it
               be
               by
               
                 resolution
                 ,
                 repulsion
              
               or
               suppuration
               .
            
             
               If
               it
               be
               caused
               by
               Congestion
               ,
               then
               the
               part
               is
               to
               be
               corroborated
               ,
               and
               the
               accidents
               corrected
               ;
               taking
               alwayes
               the
               Indication
               from
               the
               most
               urgent
               .
            
             
               We
               ought
               in
               this
               Cure
               to
               observe
               three
               things
               ,
               namely
               ,
            
             
               Whether
               the
               matter
               causing
               the
               Impostume
               be
               ready
               to
               
                 Flow
                 ,
                 Floweth
              
               ,
               or
               is
               yet
               Impacted
               in
               the
               diseased
               part
               .
            
             
               In
               the
               beginning
               of
               all
               Impostumes
               ,
               we
               ought
               alwayes
               to
               use
               repelling
               Remedies
               ,
               unless
               it
               be
               ,
            
             
               1.
               
               When
               the
               matter
               is
               
                 venenous
                 ,
                 thick
                 ,
                 s●ow
                 ,
                 viscous
              
               or
               
                 deep
                 hidden
              
            
             
             
               2.
               
               When
               the
               Abcess
               is
               Critical
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               The
               fluxion
               near
               the
               Noble
               parts
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               And
               falleth
               on
               too
               weak
               a
               Member
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               And
               lastly
               ,
               when
               the
               Body
               it self
               is
               wholly
               Plethorical
               .
            
             
               A
               Chirurgeon
               ,
               being
               but
               the
               Helper
               of
               Nature
               ,
               ought
               chiefly
               in
               the
               
                 increase
                 ,
                 state
              
               ,
               and
               declination
               of
               Impostumes
               ,
               to
               attend
               what
               she
               aimeth
               at
               ,
               whether
               it
               be
               to
               resolution
               or
               suppuration
               ,
               without
               forceing
               her
               to
               a
               contrary
               motion
               ,
               when
               that
               which
               she
               intends
               is
               not
               wholly
               perninitious
               :
               Whereunto
               to
               attain
               I
               have
               here
               added
               the
               Description
               of
               some
               Cataplasms
               ,
               wherewith
               one
               may
               perform
               all
               necessary
               Intention
               in
               the
               general
               Cure
               of
               Impostumes
               .
            
             
               The
               matter
               causing
               them
               is
               discussed
               and
               repelled
               by
               the
               following
               Cataplasm
               .
            
             
               Recipe
               ,
               Barley
               meal
               ,
               the
               Iuice
               of
               House
               Leek
               ,
               and
               Plantain
               ,
               of
               each
               ,
               two
               Ounces
               ,
               powder
               made
               of
               Pomegranate
               rind
               ,
               and
               of
               wild
               Granate
               Flowers
               ,
               with
               a
               like
               quantity
               of
               Roses
               ,
               two
               Drachms
               ,
               Oyl
               of
               Mirtle
               ,
               and
               Roses
               ,
               of
               each
               an
               O●nce
               ;
               make
               a
               Cataplasme
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               They
               are
               Resolved
               by
               this
               .
            
             
               Recipe
               ,
               Mallows
               ,
               Marshmallows
               ,
               of
               each
               three
               handfulls
               ;
               let
               them
               boyl
               ,
               adding
               thereunto
               Barley
               meal
               two
               Ounces
               ,
               ordinary
               Honey
               one
               Ounce
               ,
               Oyl
               of
               Camomile
               and
               Melilot
               ,
               of
               each
               an
               Ounce
               and
               half
               ;
               make
               a
               Cataplasme
               .
            
          
           
             
               The
               following
               brings
               them
               to
               Suppuration
               .
            
             
               Recipe
               ,
               The
               Roots
               of
               White
               Lillies
               ,
               and
               Marshmallows
               ,
               the
               Leaves
               of
               Mallows
               ,
               Pellitory
               and
               Grounsel
               ,
               of
               each
               one
               handful
               ,
               let
               them
               be
               boyled
               in
               Metheglin
               ,
               stamped
               and
               sithed
               ,
               add
               to
               them
               Powder
               of
               Linseed
               two
               ounces
               ,
               Swines
               fat
               ,
               and
               Oyl
               of
               Lilies
               ,
               of
               each
               an
               Ounce
               and
               a
               half
               ;
               Make
               a
               Cataplasme
               .
            
          
           
             
               And
               this
               last
               mittigates
               the
               pain
               of
               them
               when
               it
               is
               too
               intense
               .
            
             
               Recipe
               ,
               Crums
               of
               White
               bread
               dipped
               in
               luke-warm
               Milk
               a
               pound
               and
               half
               ,
               Yolkes
               of
               Eggs
               three
               ,
               Oyl
               of
               Roses
               two
               Ounces
               ,
               and
               one
               Scruple
               of
               Saffron
               ,
               make
               a
               Cataplasme
               .
            
             
             
               Note
               ,
               that
               though
               this
               be
               the
               general
               Cure
               of
               Impostumes
               ,
               they
               have
               nevertheless
               a
               more
               proper
               and
               particular
               one
               according
               to
               their
               several
               differences
               ,
               but
               this
               is
               as
               't
               were
               a
               Rule
               whereby
               to
               proceed
               in
               it
               .
            
          
        
         
           
           
             CHAP.
             III.
             
          
           
             
               Of
               Wounds
               .
            
             
               THE
               General
               Practice
               of
               Impostumes
               ,
               being
               sufficiently
               treated
               of
               in
               the
               former
               Chapter
               ,
               this
               shall
               be
               adapted
               to
               expound
               such
               Notions
               ,
               as
               belong
               to
               the
               Cure
               of
               Wounds
               ,
               whereof
               this
               is
               the
               Definition
               .
            
             
               A
               Wound
               is
               a
               Solution
               of
               Continuity
               caused
               by
               an
               external
               Instrument
               ,
               in
               any
               part
               of
               the
               Body
               ,
               but
               the
               Bones
               .
            
             
               Their
               Causes
               are
               all
               such
               things
               as
               may
               violate
               the
               outward
               circumference
               of
               the
               Body
               ,
               and
               unnaturally
               enter
               in
               it
               ;
               and
               they
               are
               either
               animated
               ,
               as
               the
               biting
               and
               stinging
               of
               Beasts
               ,
               or
               inanimated
               ,
               as
               Swords
               ,
               Darts
               ,
               Bullets
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               The
               difference
               of
               Wounds
               is
               manifold
               ,
               and
               as
               Samoicus
               saith
               ,
               
                 
                 
                   Tam
                   varia
                   humanae
                   sunt
                   vulnera
                   conditionis
                   ,
                
                 
                   Ut
                   nequeant
                   proprias
                   cunctis
                   adscribere
                   curas
                   .
                
              
               
                 
                   The
                   Wounds
                   of
                   Men
                   are
                   seen
                   so
                   manifold
                
                 
                   The
                   proper
                   Cure
                   of
                   each
                   cannot
                   be
                   told
                   .
                
              
            
             
               Nevertheless
               I
               have
               endeavoured
               to
               include
               the
               most
               General
               in
               the
               following
               Paragraphs
               .
            
             
               The
               Differences
               of
               Wounds
               are
               drawn
               either
               ,
            
             
               I.
               From
               the
               nature
               of
               the
               wounded
               part
               ,
               which
               is
               ,
            
             
               First
               ,
               Similary
               ,
               and
               that
            
             
               1.
               
               Soft
               ,
               as
               the
               Glandules
               and
               Flesh.
               
            
             
               2.
               
               Hard
               ,
               as
               the
               Gristles
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               Mean
               ,
               as
               the
               Membranes
               and
               Ligaments
               .
            
             
               Secondly
               ,
               Diss●milary
               ,
               which
               is
               either
               ,
               1.
               
               Principal
               ,
               as
               
                 
                   1.
                   
                   The
                   Brains
                   ,
                
                 
                   2.
                   
                   The
                   Heart
                   .
                
                 
                   3.
                   
                   The
                   Liver
                   .
                
              
            
             
             
               2.
               
               Ministring
               to
               the
               principal
               ,
               as
               
                 
                   1.
                   
                   Aspera
                   Arteria
                   ,
                
                 
                   2.
                   
                   The
                   Lungs
                   .
                
              
            
             
               3.
               
               Neither
               of
               the
               foresaid
               ,
               as
               
                 
                   1.
                   
                   The
                   Eyes
                   ,
                
                 
                   2.
                   
                   The
                   Hands
                   .
                
                 
                   3.
                   
                   The
                   Feet
                   .
                
              
            
             
               II.
               From
               their
               own
               Essence
               ,
               whereby
               they
               are
               termed
               ,
            
             
               
                 First
                 Simple
              
               ,
               when
               there
               is
               no
               Complication
               of
               other
               Diseases
               or
               Accidents
               .
            
             
               
                 Secondly
                 Composed
              
               ,
               when
               there
               is
               some
               other
               Disease
               or
               
                 Accident
                 indicating
              
               a
               peculiar
               Curation
               .
            
             
               III.
               From
               their
               Quantity
               ,
               by
               which
               they
               are
               termed
               ,
            
             
               
                 First
                 ,
                 Great
              
               ,
               that
               is
               ,
               
                 
                   1.
                   
                   Long
                   ,
                
                 
                   2.
                   
                   Broad
                   ,
                
                 
                   3.
                   
                   Deep
                   .
                
              
            
             
               
                 Secondly
                 Mean
              
               in
               all
               Dimensions
               .
            
             
               
                 Thirdly
                 ,
                 Little
              
               ,
               that
               is
               ,
               
                 
                   1.
                   
                   Short
                   ,
                
                 
                   2.
                   
                   Narrow
                   ,
                
                 
                   3.
                   
                   Superficious
                   .
                
              
            
             
               IV.
               From
               their
               Figure
               ,
               whence
               we
               call
               them
               ,
               
                 
                 
                   1.
                   
                   Strait
                   ,
                
                 
                   2.
                   
                   Round
                   ,
                
                 
                   3.
                   
                   Crooked
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
              
            
             
               When
               a
               Wound
               doth
               pierce
               the
               Skul
               ,
               ●s
               known
               by
               these
               following
               Signs
               .
            
             
               The
               wounded
               party
               doth
               presently
               ●all
               ,
               lying
               without
               sense
               ,
               as
               if
               he
               were
               a
               sleep
               ;
               the
               Ex●rements
               are
               not
               retain●ed
               ,
               and
               surely
               ,
               if
               the
               blood
               floweth
               by
               the
               Ears
               ,
               Nostrils
               ,
               or
               the
               Mouth
               ,
               and
               if
               ●he
               Vomits
               Choler
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               Whether
               the
               Wound
               penetrates
               into
               the
               Thorax
               ,
               is
               known
               ,
               if
               the
               Air
               com●eth
               forth
               at
               the
               Wound
               ,
               with
               a
               difficulty
               of
               Respiration
               ,
               if
               there
               be
               a
               
               gravative
               ●ain
               on
               the
               Diaphragme
               ,
               which
               is
               caused
               by
               much
               Blood
               lying
               on
               that
               part
               ,
               that
               must
               afterward
               be
               rejected
               by
               coughing
               .
               A
               little
               after
               cometh
               a
               Feaver
               ,
               and
               stinking
               breath
               ,
               the
               Patient
               can
               lye
               but
               on
               the
               Back
               ,
               and
               hath
               a
               perpetual
               desire
               of
               Vomiting
               ;
               it
               often
               degenerates
               in
               a
               Fistula
               .
            
             
               When
               the
               Lungs
               are
               hurt
               ,
               there
               issueth
               a
               
                 Spumous
                 Blood
              
               at
               the
               Wound
               with
               Co●ghing
               ;
               there
               is
               a
               great
               difficulty
               of
               Respiration
               ,
               and
               pain
               of
               the
               〈◊〉
               .
            
             
             
               We
               know
               the
               Heart
               to
               be
               Wounded
               ,
               by
               the
               great
               quantity
               of
               Blood
               that
               cometh
               out
               at
               the
               Wound
               ;
               by
               a
               trembling
               of
               the
               whole
               Body
               ,
               a
               little
               Pulse
               ,
               a
               Paleness
               of
               the
               Face
               ,
               and
               a
               cold
               Sweat
               ,
               and
               ●requent
               Swounings
               ,
               a
               coldness
               of
               the
               Extremities
               ,
               and
               a
               hasty
               Death
               .
            
             
               When
               the
               Diaphragme
               is
               hurt
               ,
               there
               is
               a
               gravati●
               pain
               in
               that
               part
               ,
               with
               Phrensie
               ,
               difficulty
               of
               
                 Breath
                 ,
                 Cough
              
               with
               a
               sharp
               pain
               ,
               and
               a
               contraction
               of
               the
               flanks
               upwards
               .
               These
               signs
               appearing
               ,
               one
               may
               pronounce
               Death
               to
               be
               near
               .
            
             
               The
               
                 Vena
                 Cava
              
               or
               great
               Artery
               being
               hurt
               ,
               Death
               speedily
               followeth
               ,
               because
               of
               the
               great
               loss
               of
               Blood
               and
               Spirits
               ,
               whence
               the
               Function
               of
               the
               Heart
               and
               Lungs
               do
               cease
               .
            
             
               When
               the
               
                 Medulla
                 Spinalis
              
               is
               wounded
               ,
               a
               Paralysis
               or
               Conv●lsion
               ,
               presently
               hapneth
               ,
               the
               motion
               of
               the
               lower
               part
               is
               abolished
               ,
               the
               Excrements
               of
               the
               Belly
               and
               Bladder
               either
               flow
               unwittingly
               ,
               or
               are
               wholly
               suppressed
               .
            
             
               The
               Liver
               being
               wounded
               ,
               there
               cometh
               a
               great
               deal
               of
               Blood
               out
               at
               the
               Wound
               ,
               and
               a
               Pungitive
               pain
               is
               felt
               as
               far
               
               as
               the
               
                 Cartilage
                 Xiphoides
              
               ,
               which
               Death
               often
               followeth
               .
            
             
               When
               the
               Stomach
               is
               wounded
               ,
               the
               meat
               and
               drink
               cometh
               out
               at
               the
               Wound
               ,
               then
               come
               Sweats
               and
               Cold
               of
               the
               extremities
               ,
               fore-runners
               of
               Death
               .
            
             
               If
               the
               Spleen
               be
               wounded
               ▪
               there
               floweth
               a
               blackish
               blood
               at
               the
               Wound
               ,
               Thirst
               troubleth
               the
               Patient
               ,
               with
               a
               pain
               of
               the
               left
               side
               ,
               and
               the
               blood
               flowing
               into
               the
               Belly
               ,
               causeth
               many
               accidents
               ,
               and
               often
               Death
               .
            
             
               The
               Gutts
               being
               wounded
               ,
               a
               great
               pain
               torments
               the
               Bowels
               ,
               the
               Excrements
               issue
               out
               at
               the
               Wound
               ,
               and
               sometimes
               the
               Gutts
               out
               of
               the
               Abdomen
               ,
               which
               afterwards
               pain
               and
               swell
               .
            
             
               When
               the
               Kidneys
               are
               hurt
               ,
               there
               is
               a
               great
               pain
               in
               making
               Water
               ,
               the
               Blood
               coming
               out
               therewith
               ,
               and
               the
               pain
               stretching
               it self
               to
               the
               Yard
               and
               Testicles
               .
            
             
               The
               Bladder
               and
               Ureters
               being
               wounded
               ,
               the
               pain
               reacheth
               to
               the
               Flanks
               ,
               the
               parts
               of
               the
               Nombril
               are
               extended
               ,
               the
               Urine
               cometh
               out
               bloody
               ,
               and
               sometimes
               out
               at
               the
               wound
               .
            
             
               When
               the
               Womb
               is
               hurt
               ,
               the
               Blood
               cometh
               
               out
               at
               the
               Privities
               ,
               the
               same
               accidents
               appearing
               as
               when
               the
               Bladder
               is
               wounded
               .
            
             
               The
               Nerves
               being
               prickt
               or
               half
               cut
               ,
               a
               sharp
               pain
               is
               felt
               in
               the
               wounded
               part
               ,
               with
               a
               sudden
               inflammation
               ,
               fluxion
               ,
               tumor
               ,
               feaver
               and
               convulsion
               ,
               often
               with
               gangrene
               and
               death
               ;
               unless
               it
               be
               remedied
               in
               time
               .
            
             
               Those
               Wounds
               are
               esteemed
               dangerous
               ,
               which
               do
               affect
               some
               principal
               Sinew
               ,
               Vein
               ,
               or
               Artery
               ;
               Whereunto
               are
               added
               those
               that
               are
               in●licted
               in
               the
               Privities
               of
               Man
               or
               Woman
               ,
               or
               in
               their
               parts
               dedicated
               to
               natural
               excretion
               ;
               as
               also
               those
               that
               hurt
               either
               end
               of
               any
               muscle
               ;
               but
               such
               as
               are
               in
               the
               fleshy
               parts
               ,
               according
               to
               the
               length
               of
               the
               fibres
               are
               esteemed
               the
               least
               considerable
               .
            
             
               If
               a
               Bone
               ,
               Sinew
               ,
               Tendrel
               ,
               or
               a
               portion
               of
               the
               Face
               ,
               or
               Prepuce
               be
               cut
               off
               ,
               it
               cannot
               be
               repaired
               .
            
             
               All
               Wounds
               in
               the
               Bladder
               ,
               Brain
               ,
               Heart
               ,
               Liver
               ,
               Lungs
               Stomach
               ,
               and
               smal●
               Guts
               are
               deemed
               mortal
               .
            
             
               The
               general
               indication
               in
               the
               Cure
               of
               Wounds
               is
               the
               adjunction
               of
               what
               is
               separated
               ,
               wherein
               the
               Chirurgeon
               ought
               
               to
               be
               furnished
               with
               five
               Intentions
               .
            
             
               The
               first
               whereof
               is
               to
               extract
               all
               strange
               Bodies
               ,
               as
               
                 Bullets
                 ,
                 Darts
                 ,
                 Arrows
                 ,
                 Splinters
                 ,
              
               &c.
               if
               any
               do
               hinder
               the
               Wounds
               agglutination
               .
            
             
               The
               second
               ,
               to
               bring
               the
               divided
               extremities
               together
               .
            
             
               The
               third
               ,
               to
               keep
               them
               so
               .
            
             
               The
               fourth
               ,
               to
               preserve
               the
               wounded
               parts
               temperature
               .
            
             
               The
               fifth
               to
               correct
               such
               accidents
               as
               may
               fall
               out
               .
            
             
               The
               first
               of
               these
               intentions
               is
               performed
               ,
               either
               with
               the
               Fingers
               ,
               or
               some
               material
               Instrument
               ,
               at
               the
               first
               dressing
               ,
               unless
               the
               extraction
               of
               the
               foresaid
               things
               might
               occasion
               an
               Hemoragy
               ,
               or
               some
               other
               dreadful
               accident
               ;
               for
               then
               the
               safest
               is
               to
               leave
               their
               expulsion
               to
               Nature
               :
               but
               since
               it
               may
               sometimes
               not
               little
               be
               advanced
               by
               Medicaments
               ,
               take
               this
               following
               description
               .
            
             
               Recipe
               ,
               The
               Root
               of
               Iris
               of
               Florence
               ,
               of
               Panacis
               and
               Capers
               ,
               of
               each
               three
               Drachms
               ,
               round
               Aristaloch
               ,
               Manna
               and
               Frankincense
               ,
               of
               each
               one
               Drachm
               ,
               beat
               them
               to
               a
               powder
               ,
               and
               incorporate
               them
               with
               Honey
               of
               Roses
               ,
               
               and
               Turpentine
               of
               Venice
               ,
               of
               each
               two
               Ounces
               .
               Make
               a
               Salve
               thereof
               .
            
             
               The
               second
               and
               third
               intention
               in
               the
               Cure
               of
               wounds
               are
               performed
               in
               bringing
               and
               maintaining
               together
               their
               Extremities
               ,
               by
               Bandages
               and
               Sutures
               ;
               of
               the
               first
               whereof
               there
               is
               three
               sorts
               ,
               namely
               ,
            
             
               1.
               
               The
               Incarnative
               ,
               which
               is
               adapted
               to
               simple
               Wounds
               ,
               and
               is
               composed
               of
               two
               heads
               ,
               beginning
               from
               the
               part
               opposite
               to
               the
               Wound
               ,
               and
               proceeding
               towards
               it
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               Expulsive
               ,
               which
               consisteth
               but
               of
               one
               head
               ,
               beginning
               from
               the
               bottom
               of
               the
               Wound
               upwards
               to
               its
               Orifice
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               The
               Retentive
               ,
               which
               is
               destinated
               to
               fasten
               Topical
               Remedies
               ,
               and
               is
               made
               according
               to
               the
               figure
               of
               the
               part
               which
               is
               to
               be
               bound
               .
            
             
               There
               are
               several
               sorts
               of
               Sutures
               ,
               but
               of
               the
               Agglutinatives
               the
               most
               approved
               is
               made
               with
               a
               needle
               held
               in
               the
               Right
               Hand
               of
               the
               Chirurgeon
               ,
               wherewith
               he
               traverseth
               the
               two
               sides
               of
               the
               VVound
               ,
               opposing
               a
               pierced
               Can●lle
               ,
               held
               in
               the
               Left
               Hand
               to
               the
               point
               of
               the
               Needle
               ,
               
               which
               passeth
               through
               it
               ,
               with
               its
               Thread
               ,
               whereon
               is
               made
               a
               double
               knot
               ,
               cutting
               the
               thread
               a
               little
               above
               it
               ,
               and
               thence
               it
               is
               proceeded
               to
               the
               other
               stitches
               ,
               remembring
               always
               to
               make
               the
               first
               stitch
               in
               the
               midst
               of
               the
               wounds
               length
               .
            
             
               There
               is
               also
               another
               Suture
               called
               Dry
               ,
               fit
               for
               wounds
               in
               the
               Face
               ,
               and
               is
               made
               by
               clinging
               some
               pieces
               of
               Linnen
               upon
               it
               ,
               which
               are
               ,
               being
               dry
               ,
               brought
               together
               with
               threads
               pierced
               through
               them
               .
            
             
               The
               third
               necessary
               Sature
               is
               like
               to
               that
               ,
               which
               Skinners
               make
               in
               sowing
               their
               Skins
               together
               ,
               and
               is
               appointed
               for
               the
               Bowels
               and
               Gutts
               ,
               when
               they
               receive
               any
               hurt
               .
            
             
               The
               others
               I
               think
               needless
               to
               describe
               ,
               these
               being
               doubtless
               the
               best
               ,
               whereunto
               the
               ingenious
               Artist
               may
               add
               what
               he
               thinks
               fit
               .
            
             
               The
               temperature
               of
               the
               affected
               part
               is
               preserved
               by
               a
               good
               Diet
               ,
               and
               a
               convenient
               use
               of
               the
               Universal
               Remedies
               .
            
             
               The
               first
               of
               these
               ought
               to
               be
               cold
               and
               moist
               ,
               till
               the
               time
               obnoxious
               to
               accidents
               be
               passed
               .
               Spiced
               and
               salt
               meats
               
               are
               hurtful
               ;
               the
               Patient
               must
               drink
               Barley
               water
               ,
               in
               stead
               of
               Wine
               ;
               and
               wholly
               abstain
               from
               any
               violent
               motion
               of
               the
               mind
               .
            
             
               The
               most
               usual
               universal
               Remedies
               are
               Phlebotomy
               and
               Purgation
               ,
               which
               hav●
               virtue
               to
               refresh
               ,
               divert
               and
               expel
               the
               humours
               ,
               that
               might
               prove
               burthensom
               to
               the
               diseased
               part
               .
            
             
               Amongst
               accidents
               ,
               the
               most
               
                 urgent
              
               is
               a
               too
               great
               flux
               of
               Blood
               ,
               which
               
                 must
              
               be
               carefully
               prevented
               ,
               since
               it
               is
               
                 the
              
               Treasure
               of
               Life
               and
               Strength
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               performed
               by
               
                 astringent
                 ,
                 refreshing
              
               ,
               and
               agglutinative
               Remedies
               :
               As
               ,
            
             
               Recipe
               ,
               Sealed
               Earth
               ,
               and
               Bole
               Armenian
               ,
               of
               each
               half
               an
               Ounce
               ,
               Frankincense
               Mastick
               ,
               Myrrhe
               and
               Aloes
               ,
               of
               each
               tw●
               Drachms
               ,
               Flying
               Flower
               ,
               one
               Ounce
               .
               Make
               a
               powder
               to
               be
               applyed
               with
               the
               Yolk
               of
               an
               Egg
               well
               beaten
               .
            
             
               If
               then
               Blood
               cannot
               be
               restrained
               in
               this
               manner
               ,
               the
               Vein
               or
               Artery
               must
               be
               prest
               with
               the
               Thumb
               ,
               till
               a
               Thrumbus
               be
               made
               ;
               but
               if
               that
               sufficeth
               not
               ,
               the
               flowing
               Vessel
               ought
               to
               be
               bound
               ,
               and
               this
               
               yet
               not
               prevailing
               ,
               we
               are
               to
               use
               Escarotides
               ;
               as
               are
               
                 Burnt
                 powder
                 of
                 Vitriol
                 ,
                 and
                 of
                 Mercury
                 ,
                 with
                 a
                 portion
                 of
                 pure
                 burnt
                 Alum
                 ,
              
               leaving
               the
               Scars
               full
               to
               mature
               .
            
             
               The
               last
               Remedy
               is
               the
               cutting
               off
               the
               flowing
               Vessel
               ,
               that
               its
               Extremities
               ,
               withdrawing
               in
               the
               Flesh
               ,
               the
               same
               may
               stop
               its
               flowing
               .
               But
               all
               these
               Remedies
               will
               doubtless
               come
               out
               of
               use
               as
               soon
               as
               the
               
                 Stiptick
                 Elixir
              
               ,
               to
               be
               bought
               at
               Doctor
               
               Williams's
               ,
               his
               Majesties
               Physitian
               ,
               will
               be
               known
               .
            
             
               Pain
               ,
               being
               commonly
               the
               cause
               of
               much
               weakness
               and
               fluxion
               to
               the
               wounded
               part
               ,
               the
               sedation
               of
               it
               ought
               to
               be
               carefully
               procured
               by
               expelling
               and
               lenitive
               Remedies
               ,
               such
               as
               is
               the
               following
               .
            
             
               Recipe
               ,
               Diacalcitheos
               Plaister
               ,
               four
               Ounces
               ,
               Oyl
               of
               Roses
               and
               Vinegar
               ,
               of
               each
               half
               an
               Ounce
               .
               Let
               all
               be
               melted
               together
               ,
               and
               applyed
               .
               For
               Lenitive
               ,
               Dip
               the
               Bands
               and
               Compresses
               in
               Oxicraton
               (
               Water
               and
               Vinegar
               
                 is
                 so
                 called
                 )
                 or
                 use
                 the
                 following
                 Irrigation
                 .
              
            
             
             
               Recipe
               ,
               
                 Oyl
                 of
                 Roses
                 and
                 Myrrhe
                 ,
                 as
                 much
                 as
                 needs
                 ,
                 and
                 with
                 a
                 white
                 of
                 an
                 Egg
                 make
                 an
                 irrigation
                 .
              
               But
               if
               the
               pain
               continueth
               and
               is
               too
               intense
               ,
               we
               must
               with
               some
               precaution
               use
               Narcoticks
               ,
               whereof
               here
               is
               a
               Description
               .
            
             
               Recipe
               ,
               The
               leaves
               of
               Henbane
               ,
               and
               Poppy
               roasted
               under
               the
               Ashes
               ,
               of
               each
               three
               Ounces
               ,
               Hogs
               grease
               and
               Oyl
               of
               Roses
               ,
               of
               each
               one
               Ounce
               ,
               Saffron
               two
               Scruples
               .
               Make
               a
               Cataplasm
               .
            
             
               There
               is
               often
               joyned
               to
               pain
               another
               Symptom
               ,
               called
               Convulsion
               ,
               which
               is
               defined
               a
               forced
               contraction
               of
               the
               Muscles
               towards
               their
               Origin
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               of
               two
               sorts
               ,
               
                 
                   General
                   ,
                   and
                
                 
                   Particular
                   .
                
              
            
             
               The
               first
               whereof
               is
               divided
               in
               three
               Species
               ;
               namely
               ,
            
             
               Tetonos
               ,
               when
               the
               whole
               Body
               stands
               stiff
               ,
               without
               being
               able
               to
               incline
               it self
               .
            
             
               The
               second
               is
               called
               Opisthotonos
               ,
               when
               it
               is
               forced
               backward
               .
            
             
             
               And
               the
               third
               Emprosthotonos
               ,
               when
               it
               is
               contracted
               forward
               .
            
             
               A
               particular
               Convulsion
               is
               when
               the
               Eye
               ,
               the
               Tongue
               ,
               or
               any
               other
               part
               instructed
               with
               Muscles
               is
               contracted
               ,
               or
               deprived
               of
               its
               natural
               motion
               .
            
             
               The
               Causes
               are
               
                 Repiction
                 ,
                 Emptiness
              
               and
               
                 Pain
                 .
                 Paul
              
               Amanus
               ●●suting
               the
               Elastick
               virtue
               of
               
                 Will
                 is
              
               and
               its
               defects
               .
            
             
               That
               which
               is
               caused
               by
               Repletion
               ,
               is
               cured
               by
               
                 Evacuating
                 Remedies
              
               ,
               anointing
               the
               Back
               ,
               Neck
               ,
               and
               contracted
               part
               ,
               with
               this
               following
               Liniment
               .
            
             
               Recipe
               ,
               Oyl
               of
               Camomile
               and
               Laurel
               ,
               of
               each
               two
               Ounces
               ,
               Oyl
               of
               Foxes
               ,
               one
               Ounce
               ,
               the
               Salves
               of
               Althea
               and
               Martii
               ,
               of
               each
               an
               Ounce
               ,
               Foxes
               Grease
               ,
               an
               Ounce
               ,
               Strong
               Water
               ,
               an
               Ounce
               and
               a
               half
               ,
               Wax
               as
               much
               as
               needs
               .
               Make
               thereof
               an
               Oyntment
               .
            
             
               That
               which
               proceeds
               of
               Emptiness
               ,
               or
               Evacuation
               ,
               is
               helped
               by
               the
               use
               of
               restorative
               meats
               ,
               such
               as
               is
               the
               following
               Broth.
               
            
             
               Recipe
               ,
               Lettice
               ,
               Bourage
               ,
               Purcelane
               ,
               of
               each
               a
               handful
               ,
               of
               the
               four
               Greater
               cold
               
               Seed
               of
               each
               half
               an
               Ounce
               ,
               Barberries
               a
               drachm
               .
               Boyl
               all
               with
               a
               good
               Chickin
               and
               let
               the
               sick
               party
               take
               of
               it
               every
               morning
               .
            
             
               That
               which
               cometh
               of
               Pain
               is
               Cured
               by
               Remedies
               contrary
               to
               the
               cause
               of
               it
               ,
               and
               if
               it
               be
               poysonous
               ,
               the
               wound
               must
               be
               instantly
               amplified
               ,
               that
               the
               matter
               impacted
               may
               flow
               .
               And
               this
               Alexipharmacon
               poured
               into
               the
               Wound
               ,
               
                 viz.
                 Treacle
              
               and
               Mithridate
               dissolved
               in
               
                 Strong
                 water
              
               ,
               in
               a
               sufficient
               quantity
               with
               a
               little
               
                 Mercurial
                 Powder
                 .
                 Scarified
                 Cuppings
              
               are
               also
               very
               useful
               to
               extract
               venemous
               matter
               ,
               taking
               care
               likewise
               that
               the
               Patient
               ,
               in
               that
               Symptom
               ,
               have
               not
               his
               Mouth
               fast
               contracted
               ,
               lest
               he
               bites
               off
               his
               own
               Tongue
               ,
               as
               it
               often
               falls
               out
               ,
               but
               may
               conveniently
               be
               prevented
               ,
               by
               an
               Instrument
               called
               
                 Speculum
                 Oris
              
               ,
               which
               ought
               therefore
               alwayes
               to
               be
               at
               hand
               .
            
             
               Next
               to
               Convulsion
               ,
               a
               Palsy
               ought
               to
               be
               prevented
               ,
               and
               cured
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               defined
               ,
               
                 A
                 Mollification
                 of
                 the
                 Sinews
                 ,
                 with
                 the
                 privation
                 of
                 Motion
                 and
                 Sense
                 ,
              
               not
               indeed
               of
               the
               whole
               Body
               ,
               but
               
               commonly
               of
               one
               side
               .
               Its
               Causes
               are
               either
               inward
               ,
               as
               the
               humours
               of
               either
               Ventricle
               ,
               and
               especially
               Phlegm
               obstructing
               the
               progress
               of
               the
               
                 Animal
                 Spirits
              
               through
               the
               Sinews
               ;
               or
               outward
               ,
               as
               
                 Falls
                 ,
                 Blows
              
               ,
               and
               such
               other
               Accidents
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               Cured
               by
               Diet
               and
               Purgation
               ,
               whereunto
               the
               Decoction
               of
               
                 Indian
                 wood
              
               ,
               will
               be
               very
               profitable
               ,
               with
               this
               Topical
               Remedy
               of
               Faventinus
               .
            
             
               Recipe
               ,
               Oyl
               of
               Laurel
               and
               Turpentine
               ,
               of
               each
               three
               Ounces
               ,
               Oyl
               of
               Lavender
               ,
               and
               Petroleum
               ,
               of
               each
               an
               Ounce
               ,
               Malvesie
               ,
               four
               Ounces
               ,
               Strong-Water
               two
               Ounces
               ,
               Pyreth
               .
               Pepper
               ,
               Mustard-seed
               ,
               Iuniper
               seed
               ,
               Ivy
               ,
               and
               Anacardium
               ,
               pure
               Laudanum
               ,
               of
               each
               an
               Ounce
               and
               half
               .
               Let
               all
               be
               pounded
               and
               mixed
               with
               Wine
               and
               Olives
               ,
               let
               them
               boyl
               in
               a
               double
               Vessel
               till
               the
               Wine
               be
               consumed
               ,
               a
               strong
               expression
               being
               made
               ,
               add
               Galbanum
               ,
               Bdelium
               ,
               Euphorbium
               ,
               Myrrhe
               ,
               Castoreum
               ,
               Bear
               ,
               Duck
               ,
               and
               Storks
               Grease
               ,
               of
               each
               two
               ounces
               .
               Make
               a
               Salve
               in
               the
               Form
               of
               a
               Liniment
               ,
               whereunto
               a
               little
               Wax
               if
               needs
               be
               ,
               may
               be
               added
               .
            
             
               Exercise
               and
               Frictions
               are
               also
               very
               powerful
               to
               awake
               the
               part
               affected
               ,
               and
               cause
               the
               motive
               Spirits
               to
               flow
               in
               .
            
             
             
               There
               is
               another
               accident
               ,
               when
               the
               Patient
               either
               by
               weakness
               ,
               proceeding
               from
               the
               loss
               of
               Blood
               ,
               poysonous
               Vapours
               ,
               or
               the
               sight
               of
               dreadful
               Objects
               ,
               falls
               into
               frequent
               Swounds
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               discerned
               ,
               1.
               
               When
               Paleness
               invades
               the
               Face
               ,
               with
               a
               
                 Cold
                 Sweat.
              
               
            
             
               2.
               
               If
               a
               Coldness
               of
               the
               whole
               Body
               be
               perceived
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               And
               if
               the
               Party
               do
               
                 suddenly
                 Fall
              
               ,
               when
               it
               is
               in
               the
               Paroxysme
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               prevented
               by
               casting
               cold
               Water
               in
               the
               Diseased's
               Face
               ;
               but
               if
               it
               proceeds
               from
               too
               great
               Evacuation
               ,
               the
               Patient
               must
               be
               softly
               collected
               on
               the
               Ground
               ,
               or
               on
               his
               Bed
               ,
               and
               a
               little
               Bread
               dipped
               in
               VVine
               given
               him
               to
               taste
               ,
               whereat
               the
               Spirits
               may
               return
               .
               But
               if
               it
               proceeds
               from
               
                 Poysonous
                 Vapours
              
               ,
               Let
               the
               Patient
               drink
               out
               of
               a
               Spoon
               a
               little
               Treacle
               and
               Mithridate
               dissolved
               in
               VVine
               .
            
             
               That
               which
               comes
               of
               Fear
               ,
               is
               easily
               cured
               ,
               the
               Object
               being
               removed
               ,
               with
               encouraging
               and
               comfortable
               Admonitions
               .
            
             
               The
               loss
               of
               
                 Blood
                 ,
                 Pain
              
               ,
               and
               Feaver
               ,
               whereunto
               Wounds
               are
               subject
               ,
               do
               often
               distract
               the
               Patient
               ,
               in
               a
               temporary
               
               Phrensy
               called
               Delirium
               ,
               which
               is
               defined
               ,
               
                 A
                 tempor
                 ary
                 perturbation
                 of
                 the
                 Phansy
                 ,
                 and
                 other
                 mental
                 Functions
                 .
              
            
             
               Besides
               the
               Causes
               above
               mentioned
               ,
               
                 poysonous
                 Vapours
              
               ,
               and
               a
               Lesion
               of
               the
               Diaphragme
               do
               not
               seldom
               effect
               its
               Production
               ;
               this
               last
               having
               a
               plain
               communication
               with
               the
               Brain
               ,
               by
               the
               Nerves
               of
               the
               sixth
               Conjugation
               .
            
             
               If
               it
               proceeds
               from
               an
               
                 Obstruction
                 of
                 the
                 Spirits
              
               ,
               the
               same
               Remedies
               must
               be
               used
               ,
               as
               when
               the
               Body
               is
               subject
               to
               Swounding
               ,
               but
               if
               it
               coms
               from
               an
               
                 Inslammation
                 of
                 the
                 Brain
                 ,
                 Diet
              
               and
               Purgation
               must
               be
               instituted
               ,
               and
               the
               Hair
               being
               shaved
               ,
               the
               Head
               being
               bathed
               over
               with
               Exorodine
               ,
               applying
               upon
               it
               the
               Plaister
               of
               Diacalcitheos
               dissolved
               in
               Rose-water
               and
               Vinegar
               ,
               and
               Sleep
               provoked
               by
               the
               use
               of
               Broths
               ,
               wherein
               you
               must
               boyl
               refreshing
               Herbs
               ,
               and
               a
               knot
               of
               
                 VVhite-poppy
                 Seed
              
               ;
               and
               pleasant
               Company
               ,
               diverting
               the
               Patient
               from
               other
               sad
               thoughts
               and
               representations
               of
               mournful
               things
               ,
               may
               also
               be
               very
               conducible
               to
               his
               health
               and
               recovery
               .
            
          
           
             
             
               Of
               Wounds
               made
               by
               Fire
               Armes
               .
            
             
               THE
               Industry
               of
               men
               ever
               clear
               sighted
               to
               their
               own
               destruction
               ,
               having
               for
               about
               200
               yeares
               since
               ,
               found
               out
               a
               very
               speedy
               way
               to
               it
               ,
               namely
               Gun-powder
               ,
               and
               fire-armes
               ;
               Whose
               hurts
               being
               often
               waited
               on
               by
               other
               accidents
               ,
               it
               obligeth
               us
               to
               treat
               especially
               of
               their
               Curation
               .
            
             
               They
               are
               either
               simple
               or
               composed
               ,
               with
               dilaceration
               ,
               distemper
               ,
               and
               tumor
               .
               Their
               signs
               are
               commonly
               a
               round
               Figure
               ,
               little
               effusion
               of
               Blood
               ,
               a
               swelling
               of
               the
               part
               ,
               and
               a
               greenish
               livid
               colour
               .
            
             
               In
               the
               first
               apparel
               ,
               the
               wound
               ought
               to
               be
               dilated
               ,
               if
               the
               wounded
               parts
               conformation
               can
               permit
               it
               ,
               that
               unnatural
               Bodies
               if
               there
               be
               any
               ,
               may
               be
               sought
               out
               and
               expelled
               with
               the
               matter
               .
               In
               doing
               which
               ,
               if
               it
               be
               possible
               ,
               the
               patient
               must
               be
               scituated
               ,
               as
               he
               was
               when
               he
               received
               the
               wound
               .
               After
               the
               extraction
               of
               strange
               Bodies
               ,
               we
               must
               prevent
               pain
               and
               fluxion
               .
            
             
               The
               first
               by
               the
               repelling
               and
               lenitive
               
               Remedies
               above
               described
               ,
               and
               the
               Cataplasme
               appointed
               for
               its
               sedation
               .
            
             
               The
               last
               by
               Diet
               and
               Purgation
               ,
               whereunto
               Clysters
               are
               commonly
               used
               ,
               lest
               Catharicks
               might
               cause
               too
               great
               an
               agitation
               of
               Humours
               .
            
             
               Thence
               we
               must
               proceed
               to
               Suppuration
               ,
               as
               in
               all
               other
               contused
               Wounds
               whereunto
               that
               which
               is
               called
               digestive
               and
               the
               following
               Oyl
               are
               most
               conveniently
               used
               .
            
             
               Recipe
               ,
               Oyl
               of
               Violets
               ,
               four
               pound
               ,
               wherein
               boyl
               two
               young
               Cats
               ,
               new
               brought
               forth
               ,
               till
               the
               bones
               be
               loosed
               off
               ,
               adding
               Earth-worms
               duly
               prepared
               ,
               one
               pound
               .
               Let
               them
               boyl
               together
               on
               a
               slow
               fire
               ,
               adding
               Turpentine
               of
               Venice
               ,
               and
               strong-water
               ,
               three
               Ounces
               .
               To
               be
               kept
               in
               a
               Glass
               ,
               till
               there
               be
               occasion
               to
               make
               use
               of
               it
               .
            
             
               But
               if
               there
               be
               any
               danger
               of
               Gangrene
               ,
               we
               use
               profitably
               of
               Egyptiacum
               dissolved
               in
               
                 Wine
                 ,
                 &c.
              
               
            
             
               When
               the
               wound
               is
               brought
               to
               Suppuration
               detersive
               Medicaments
               must
               be
               applyed
               ,
               such
               as
               is
               the
               following
               .
            
             
             
               Recipe
               ,
               Water
               of
               boyled
               Barley
               ,
               the
               juice
               of
               Plantain
               ,
               Parsley
               ,
               Agrimony
               ,
               and
               of
               the
               lesser
               Centory
               ,
               of
               each
               an
               Ounce
               ,
               let
               them
               all
               boyl
               together
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               end
               of
               the
               Decoction
               ,
               add
               Turpentine
               of
               Venice
               ,
               three
               Ounces
               ,
               Hony
               of
               Roses
               ,
               two
               Ounces
               ,
               flower
               of
               Barley
               ,
               three
               Ounces
               ,
               Saffron
               ,
               one
               Scruple
               .
               Mix
               all
               together
               ,
               and
               make
               a
               cleansing
               Oyntment
               .
            
             
               Lastly
               ,
               having
               care
               to
               prevent
               other
               accidents
               according
               to
               Art
               ,
               the
               Wound
               must
               be
               brought
               to
               a
               perfect
               Cure
               and
               Sanation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Of
               Gangrenes
               .
            
             
               BUT
               since
               Gangrene
               is
               often
               a
               concomitant
               of
               Wounds
               ,
               made
               by
               Fire-Armes
               ,
               and
               other
               Contusions
               ,
               it
               will
               not
               be
               amiss
               here
               to
               expound
               its
               Nature
               ,
               Signs
               and
               Curation
               .
            
             
               It
               is
               defined
               ,
               
                 The
                 mortification
                 of
                 a
                 part
                 affected
                 with
                 inflammation
                 .
              
               And
               is
               only
               distinguished
               from
               a
               Sphacelus
               by
               the
               
               more
               or
               less
               ,
               this
               last
               being
               only
               when
               the
               part
               is
               quite
               mortified
               and
               dead
               .
               The
               onely
               Remedy
               being
               then
               its
               Amputation
               .
            
             
               The
               general
               Cause
               of
               Gangrene
               ,
               is
               a
               corruption
               of
               the
               parts
               natural
               Heat
               ,
               by
               Cold
               ,
               external
               Heat
               ,
               want
               of
               Nourishment
               ,
               stopping
               of
               Transpiration
               ,
               or
               by
               the
               dreadful
               effects
               of
               some
               poysonous
               substance
               .
            
             
               Its
               proceeding
               is
               two-sold
               ,
               either
               with
               some
               humours
               in
               flowing
               ,
               or
               without
               it
               .
            
             
               We
               have
               deduced
               the
               signes
               of
               it
               in
               the
               Chapter
               of
               Impostumes
               .
               And
               for
               its
               Curation
               ,
               since
               that
               which
               hath
               its
               origin
               from
               the
               second
               cause
               is
               the
               most
               general
               ,
               and
               may
               in
               some
               measure
               be
               a
               Rule
               for
               Curing
               the
               rest
               ,
               Take
               these
               following
               Precepts
               .
            
             
               If
               the
               Body
               be
               in
               the
               least
               
                 Plethorical
                 ,
                 Phlebotomy
              
               and
               Purgation
               being
               celebrated
               ,
               the
               Air
               by
               Nature
               or
               Art
               ,
               ought
               to
               be
               cold
               and
               dry
               ,
               and
               the
               Patients
               diet
               of
               the
               same
               temper
               .
            
             
               Amongst
               
                 Topical
                 Remedies
                 ,
                 Egyptiacum
              
               boyled
               with
               some
               Aloes
               in
               salted
               Water
               ,
               adding
               a
               little
               Strong
               Water
               in
               the
               end
               ,
               is
               deservedly
               much
               esteemed
               ;
               as
               also
               
               the
               Phadagenick
               water
               ,
               or
               the
               
                 Gray
                 Salve
              
               ,
               which
               is
               made
               by
               adding
               a
               Drachm
               of
               corroding
               Sublimate
               to
               an
               Ounce
               of
               Basilicon
               ,
               in
               the
               mean
               time
               ,
               to
               defend
               the
               Body
               from
               the
               Influxion
               of
               
                 Morbisical
                 Humors
              
               ,
               and
               putrid
               Vapours
               ,
               the
               following
               defensive
               may
               be
               applyed
               on
               the
               diseased
               part
               ,
               and
               often
               renewed
               .
            
             
               Recipe
               ,
               Oyl
               of
               Roses
               and
               Myrtle
               ,
               of
               each
               four
               Ounces
               ,
               the
               juice
               of
               Plantain
               ,
               Solanum
               ,
               and
               Housleek
               ,
               of
               each
               two
               Ounces
               ,
               the
               whites
               of
               Eggs
               ,
               five
               ;
               Bole
               Armeny
               and
               Sealed
               Earth
               reduced
               in
               a
               subtil
               powder
               ,
               of
               each
               an
               Ounce
               ,
               with
               as
               much
               Oxycraton
               as
               is
               needful
               .
            
             
               If
               it
               be
               too
               Intense
               ,
               and
               yeilds
               not
               to
               Catharticks
               and
               
                 Topical
                 Remedies
              
               ,
               we
               are
               obliged
               to
               use
               actual
               Causticks
               .
               And
               lastly
               ,
               if
               that
               will
               not
               serve
               ,
               we
               must
               proceed
               to
               the
               part
               's
               Amputation
               ,
               which
               is
               the
               only
               approved
               Remedy
               in
               a
               Sphacelus
               ;
               wherein
               observe
               ,
               that
               to
               stop
               the
               effusion
               of
               Blood
               ,
               actual
               Causticks
               are
               almost
               out
               of
               Use
               ,
               the
               binding
               of
               the
               Vessels
               being
               found
               more
               commodious
               .
            
             
             
               Of
               that
               Operation
               ,
               see
               
                 Fab.
                 ab
                 Aqua
                 ●endente
              
               ,
               in
               his
               
                 Chirurgical
                 Operations
              
               ;
               but
               now
               the
               
                 Stiptick
                 Elixir
              
               of
               Doctor
               Williams
               ,
               overcomes
               all
               other
               Remedies
               .
            
             
               Where
               Bones
               are
               discovered
               ,
               they
               use
               the
               Tincture
               of
               Aloes
               ,
               extracted
               with
               
                 Spirit
                 of
                 Wine
              
               ,
               and
               to
               fortify
               the
               part
               ,
               they
               boyl
               
                 Aromatick
                 Herbs
              
               in
               Red
               Wine
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
        
         
           
           
             CHAP.
             IV.
             
          
           
             
               Of
               Ulcers
               .
            
             
               ACcording
               to
               our
               intended
               scope
               this
               Chapter
               is
               dedicated
               to
               ex●plicate
               the
               Theorems
               of
               Ulcers
               and
               the
               manner
               of
               Curing
               them
               ▪
            
             
               
                 They
                 are
                 defined
              
               ,
               Solutions
               of
               Conti●nuity
               ,
               caused
               by
               the
               Mordacity
               of
               corrodin●
               humours
               ,
               rather
               hurting
               in
               quality
               than
               in
               quantity
               .
            
             
               Their
               external
               Causes
               are
               the
               excesse●
               of
               cold
               and
               heat
               ,
               for
               ,
               as
               saith
               the
               Physians
               Poet.
               
            
             
               
                 Sunt
                 diversa
                 quidem
                 mala
                 frigoris
                 atque
                 caloris
                 ;
              
               
                 Sed
                 tamen
                 amborum
                 simili
                 nocet
                 Ulcere
                 virus
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 The
                 pain
                 of
                 heat
                 and
                 cold
                 are
                 different
                 .
              
               
                 To
                 make
                 an
                 Ulcer
                 yet
                 they
                 both
                 conse●●
                 ▪
              
            
             
             
               Whereunto
               is
               added
               the
               apposition
               of
               ●harp
               medicaments
               ,
               blowes
               contusions
               and
               the
               touching
               of
               impure
               things
               .
            
             
               Their
               disterences
               are
               expressed
               in
               the
               following
               Discourse
               .
            
             
               An
               Ulcer
               is
               either
               ,
            
             
               1.
               
               Simple
               ,
               Varying
               either
               by
               ,
            
             
               
                 First
                 ,
                 Proper
              
               ,
               differences
               ,
               as
               
                 
                   1.
                   
                   Figure
                   ,
                
                 
                   2.
                   
                   Quantity
                   ,
                
                 
                   3.
                   
                   Quality
                   .
                
              
            
             
               Whence
               it
               is
               termed
               ,
               
                 
                   Round
                   ,
                
                 
                   Angular
                   ,
                
                 
                   Strait
                   ,
                
                 
                   Crooked
                   ,
                
                 
                   Long
                   ,
                
                 
                   Short
                   ,
                
                 
                   Broad
                   ,
                
                 
                   Deep
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
              
            
             
               Or
               ,
               Secondly
               ,
               By
               differences
               Common
               and
               A●cidentar
               As
               
                 
                   1.
                   
                   It
                   s
                   Durance
                   ,
                
                 
                   2.
                   
                   Aspect
                   ,
                
                 
                   3.
                   
                   Generation
                   ,
                
                 
                   4.
                   
                   
                     Affected
                     part
                  
                   .
                   And
                   thus
                   they
                   are
                   ,
                
                 
                   
                   New
                   ,
                
                 
                   Old
                   ,
                
                 
                   Appearing
                   ,
                
                 
                   Hid
                   ,
                
                 
                   Incult
                   ,
                
                 
                   Burnt
                   ,
                
                 
                   Fleshy
                   ,
                
                 
                   Nervous
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
              
            
             
               11.
               
               Or
               Composed
               ,
               either
               with
            
             
               First
               ,
               A
               Diseases
               Cause
               ,
               whence
               it
               is
               called
               ,
               
                 
                   1.
                   
                   Cachochymical
                   ,
                
                 
                   2.
                   
                   Cathartick
                   ,
                
                 
                   3.
                   
                   Poysonous
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
              
            
             
               Secondly
               ,
               A
               Disease
               it self
               ,
               as
               
                 
                   1.
                   
                   Intempery
                   ,
                
                 
                   2.
                   
                   Tumor
                   ,
                
                 
                   3.
                   
                   Incommoderation
                   ;
                
              
            
             
               Hot
               or
               
                 Moist
                 ,
                 Phlegmous
              
               or
               
                 Erisipelous
                 ▪
                 Burnt
                 ,
                 Callous
              
               .
            
             
               Thirdly
               ,
               Its
               Symptoms
               ,
               whence
               it
               is
               called
               ,
               
                 
                   Gnawing
                   ,
                
                 
                   Filthy
                   ,
                
                 
                   Painful
                   ,
                   &c.
                   
                
              
            
             
               A
               gnawing
               (
               
                 Depascence
                 )
                 Ulcer
              
               is
               discerned
               by
               the
               parts
               
                 exesion
                 ,
                 attrition
                 ,
                 cavity
              
               
               and
               hollowness
               .
               The
               stinking
               exhaleth
               a
               putrid
               ,
               unpleasant
               and
               cadaverous
               smell
               .
            
             
               The
               Sordid
               is
               discerned
               by
               the
               crassity
               ,
               and
               viscosity
               of
               its
               Excrements
               ,
               and
               the
               softness
               of
               the
               flesh
               overgrowing
               it
               ,
               whereunto
               if
               a
               hardness
               of
               the
               lips
               be
               joyned
               ,
               it
               is
               deservedly
               termed
               Fistulous
               .
            
             
               A
               
                 Cancrous
                 Ulcer
              
               is
               horrible
               to
               look
               on
               ,
               its
               lips
               being
               overturned
               are
               hard
               ,
               livid
               and
               moist
               .
               That
               which
               is
               called
               Discrative
               ,
               is
               caused
               by
               the
               humours
               Intempery
               ;
               And
               Cacoethes
               is
               so
               termed
               for
               the
               difficulty
               of
               healing
               it
               .
               The
               Catherick
               receives
               nourishment
               of
               some
               broken
               or
               dirupted
               Vessel
               ,
               or
               proceeds
               from
               an
               evil
               disposition
               of
               the
               whole
               Body
               .
            
             
               Ulcers
               having
               had
               their
               beginning
               during
               a
               Disease
               ,
               or
               before
               it
               ,
               growing
               
                 livid
                 ,
                 pale
              
               or
               dry
               ,
               plainly
               indicate
               the
               proximity
               of
               Death
               ,
               their
               livid
               or
               pale
               colour
               being
               not
               only
               the
               sing
               of
               Cholerick
               ,
               or
               Atrabiliary
               humours
               causing
               them
               ,
               but
               also
               manifesting
               an
               extinction
               of
               the
               natural
               heat
               .
            
             
               That
               which
               renders
               the
               Cure
               of
               Ulcers
               
               difficult
               ,
               is
               commonly
               a
               penury
               of
               Blood
               ,
               the
               Bodies
               evil
               constitution
               ,
               as
               also
               that
               of
               the
               Air
               ,
               the
               sordidness
               of
               the
               Ulcer
               ,
               and
               the
               rottenness
               of
               some
               Bones
               .
            
             
               In
               
                 simple
                 Ulcers
                 ,
                 Desiccation
              
               is
               only
               required
               ,
               and
               the
               breeding
               of
               flesh
               in
               them
               ,
               whereunto
               the
               red
               desiccative
               Salve
               ,
               and
               
                 Unguentum
                 Aureum
              
               are
               convenient
               .
            
             
               But
               in
               composed
               ones
               ,
               we
               must
               have
               an
               eye
               to
               the
               most
               urgent
               ,
               then
               to
               the
               Cause
               ,
               and
               lastly
               to
               the
               Disposition
               ,
               without
               whose
               taking
               away
               ,
               the
               Ulcer
               cannot
               be
               cured
               .
            
             
               Pain
               is
               often
               an
               accident
               of
               Ulcers
               ,
               whereunto
               must
               be
               provided
               as
               is
               declared
               in
               the
               Chapter
               of
               Impostumes
               ,
               having
               a
               special
               regard
               to
               the
               humour
               causing
               it
               .
            
             
               If
               there
               be
               any
               Bone
               corrupted
               ,
               it
               must
               be
               touched
               with
               an
               actual
               Caustick
               of
               hot
               Iron
               ,
               and
               such
               Remedies
               used
               to
               breed
               flesh
               in
               the
               Ulcer
               as
               are
               above
               declared
               ,
               in
               doing
               which
               ,
               two
               sorts
               of
               excrements
               do
               commonly
               appear
               ,
               namely
               a
               thin
               matter
               ,
               and
               a
               thick
               sordity
               ,
               both
               which
               must
               be
               purged
               by
               drying
               and
               detersive
               Medicaments
               .
            
             
             
               Whereof
               take
               that
               mentioned
               in
               the
               former
               Chapter
               :
               But
               sublimate
               Water
               or
               the
               
                 Brown
                 Salve
              
               of
               Felix-●urts
               ,
               are
               more
               powerful
               .
            
             
               Then
               the
               Cicatice
               must
               be
               induced
               over
               the
               Ulcer
               ,
               to
               which
               end
               the
               powder
               of
               
                 Burnt
                 Alum
              
               and
               Caleanthum
               ,
               are
               wont
               to
               produce
               speedy
               and
               wished
               Effects
               .
            
          
        
         
           
           
             CHAP.
             V.
             
          
           
             
               Of
               Fractures
               and
               Dislocations
               .
            
             
               A
               Fracture
               or
               
                 Bone
                 breaking
              
               ,
               is
               an
               accident
               so
               dreadful
               ,
               that
               not
               without
               cause
               the
               Physitians
               Poet
               being
               about
               to
               speak
               of
               it
               ,
               makes
               this
               deprecation
               .
            
             
               
                 Infandum
                 dictu
                 ,
                 cunctis
                 procul
                 absit
                 amicis
                 ,
              
               
                 Sed
                 fortuna
                 potens
                 omen
                 convertat
                 in
                 hostes
                 .
              
            
             
               
                 That
                 cursed
                 evil
                 light
                 on
                 none
                 but
                 Foes
                 ,
              
               
                 And
                 Fourtune
                 keep
                 our
                 Friends
                 from
                 the
                 like
                 blows
                 .
              
            
             
               A
               Fracture
               is
               defined
               ,
               
                 A
                 solution
                 of
                 continuity
                 in
                 the
                 Bones
              
               ;
               and
               its
               Causes
               are
               all
               such
               things
               as
               may
               break
               ,
               cut
               ,
               bruise
               ,
               and
               quash
               ;
               whereby
               are
               also
               to
               be
               understood
               falls
               from
               high
               places
               ,
               and
               the
               like
               .
            
             
             
               Their
               differences
               are
               manifold
               ;
               for
               some
               are
               termed
               perfect
               ,
               others
               imperfect
               ,
               some
               are
               simples
               ,
               others
               composed
               with
               
                 hemoragy
                 ,
                 inflammation
                 ,
                 gangrene
              
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               They
               receive
               a
               common
               difference
               from
               their
               figures
               ,
               
                 long
                 ,
                 transverse
                 ,
                 strait
              
               or
               crooked
               .
               Whereunto
               are
               added
               ,
               that
               which
               is
               called
               in
               
                 Greek
                 Raphanidon
              
               ,
               when
               the
               bone
               is
               broken
               short
               in
               two
               pieces
               ;
               Cariedon
               ,
               when
               it
               falls
               in
               small
               Fragments
               loose
               from
               one
               another
               ;
               and
               Asphitidon
               ,
               when
               it
               is
               ground
               small
               as
               meal
               or
               flower
               .
            
             
               A
               Fractures
               existence
               is
               known
               by
               a
               vehement
               pain
               of
               the
               affected
               part
               ,
               the
               impotency
               of
               it
               ,
               the
               change
               of
               its
               natural
               Figure
               ,
               and
               chiefly
               by
               the
               vacuity
               which
               appears
               to
               the
               fingers
               touching
               it
               .
            
             
               For
               the
               Prognostick
               ;
               in
               moist
               weather
               ,
               and
               in
               youth
               Fractures
               are
               sooner
               healed
               than
               in
               dry
               weather
               and
               in
               old
               age
               ;
               But
               the
               precise
               time
               of
               the
               over-growing
               Callus
               cannot
               be
               positively
               assertained
               ,
               that
               depending
               of
               the
               Body's
               ,
               and
               
                 ambient
                 Air
                 's
              
               disposition
               ,
               as
               also
               of
               the
               Bone's
               thickness
               .
               Yet
               Hippocrates
               saies
               ,
               the
               Nose
               is
               glutinated
               in
               three
               days
               ,
               the
               Iaws
               ,
               the
               Clavicles
               and
               Ribs
               in
               six
               ,
               the
               Cubit
               in
               nine
               ,
               
               the
               Brachium
               in
               twelve
               ,
               and
               the
               Tibia
               in
               fifteen
               ;
               Which
               may
               be
               a
               Rule
               for
               the
               rest
               .
            
             
               When
               the
               Bones
               are
               broken
               near
               the
               Joynts
               ,
               their
               motion
               is
               thereby
               rendred
               stiff
               ,
               and
               difficult
               ,
               and
               if
               there
               be
               great
               Contusions
               ,
               the
               part
               loseth
               its
               motion
               ,
               and
               the
               Patient
               is
               in
               danger
               of
               Death
               .
            
             
               The
               Cure
               of
               Fractures
               and
               Dislocations
               being
               in
               many
               respects
               one
               and
               the
               same
               ,
               we
               shall
               speak
               joyntly
               of
               them
               both
               in
               the
               end
               of
               this
               Chapter
               .
            
             
               A
               Dislocation
               therefore
               is
               defined
               ,
               
                 The
                 detrasion
                 of
                 a
                 Bone
                 out
                 of
                 its
                 proper
                 place
                 .
              
               And
               it
               is
               either
               Simple
               by
               it self
               ,
               or
               Composed
               with
               other
               Diseases
               .
            
             
               Its
               Signes
               are
               the
               same
               as
               those
               of
               Fractures
               ;
               the
               place
               of
               indisposition
               and
               its
               Cavity
               being
               the
               chief
               differenees
               ;
               Dislocations
               affecting
               but
               the
               Joynts
               ,
               and
               causing
               but
               an
               imperfect
               vacuity
               in
               the
               
                 Dislocated
                 Place
              
               .
            
             
               If
               the
               H●●d
               be
               luxated
               ,
               Death
               immediately
               follows
               .
            
             
               
                 Recent
                 luxations
              
               are
               easier
               and
               sooner
               cured
               than
               Old
               ones
               ;
               those
               that
               are
               invetcrated
               are
               wholly
               incurable
               ;
               and
               such
               as
               are
               not
               far
               divided
               are
               easier
               reduced
               
               in
               their
               Seat
               ,
               than
               far
               separated
               ones
               .
            
             
               The
               common
               and
               general
               Cure
               of
               Fractures
               and
               Dislocations
               is
               performed
               by
               ,
            
             
               1.
               
               Setting
               the
               Bones
               in
               their
               natural
               position
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               Retaining
               them
               there
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               Correcting
               the
               accidents
               .
            
             
               The
               first
               of
               these
               is
               performed
               by
               extending
               the
               broken
               or
               dislocated
               part
               from
               its
               origin
               ,
               either
               with
               the
               Hands
               or
               some
               fit
               Instrument
               ,
               then
               setting
               it
               in
               its
               due
               place
               so
               that
               no
               eminency
               or
               roughness
               be
               found
               to
               alter
               the
               figure
               of
               it
               .
            
             
               The
               second
               point
               is
               obtained
               by
               the
               application
               of
               restraining
               ,
               and
               defensive
               Plaisters
               ,
               whereof
               the
               most
               common
               is
               made
               of
               Bolarmeni
               dilayed
               in
               wine
               ,
               and
               ●he
               
                 White
                 of
                 an
                 Egg
              
               ;
               applying
               thereupon
               
                 Bands
                 ,
                 Compresses
              
               ,
               and
               Atelles
               dip●ed
               in
               Oxycrat
               ,
               or
               Oxyradinon
               ,
               fitted
               to
               ●he
               figure
               of
               the
               diseased
               part
               ;
               And
               the
               ●atient
               being
               in
               a
               convenient
               scituation
               ●he
               accidents
               must
               be
               corrected
               ,
               as
               is
               de●lared
               in
               the
               former
               Chapters
               ,
               accord●ng
               to
               the
               Artists
               best
               invention
               and
               ●olerty
               .
            
             
             
               If
               the
               accidents
               do
               not
               oblige
               us
               to
               it
               ,
               't
               wil
               be
               enough
               to
               loosen
               the
               Bands
               at
               the
               end
               of
               three
               or
               four
               days
               ,
               that
               fuliginous
               Vapours
               may
               be
               exhaled
               ,
               and
               the
               part
               a
               little
               anointed
               with
               refreshing
               Ointments
               ,
               taking
               care
               to
               give
               it
               sometimes
               a
               gentle
               motion
               ,
               least
               the
               Joint
               be
               rendred
               stiff
               and
               immovable
               ,
               by
               the
               growing
               of
               a
               Callus
               thereon
               ,
               and
               thus
               being
               sometimes
               lookt
               to
               ,
               the
               Cure
               is
               brought
               to
               its
               perfection
               .
            
          
        
         
           
           
             CHAP.
             VI.
             
          
           
             
               Of
               the
               Generation
               and
               Production
               of
               Man.
               
            
             
               HAving
               thus
               far
               proceeded
               on
               our
               intended
               scope
               ,
               this
               Chapter
               shall
               briefly
               express
               what
               is
               requisite
               to
               be
               known
               in
               the
               
                 Generation
                 of
                 Man
              
               ,
               and
               the
               way
               of
               helping
               Nature
               in
               the
               Production
               of
               the
               same
               ,
               as
               her
               chiefest
               work
               and
               master-piece
               .
            
             
               In
               the
               
                 Generation
                 of
                 Man
              
               is
               exactly
               to
               be
               considered
               ,
            
             
               1.
               
               The
               matter
               out
               of
               which
               he
               is
               engendred
               ,
               and
               the
               Instruments
               of
               Generation
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               The
               Place
               thereof
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               In
               what
               Time
               it
               is
               perfected
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               And
               by
               what
               Signs
               its
               Con●●●tion
               ,
               difference
               of
               Sex
               ,
               and
               approaching
               time
               of
               being
               brought
               forth
               is
               know●
               .
            
             
             
               1.
               
               The
               Matter
               of
               his
               Generation
               is
               the
               
                 Seed
                 of
                 both
                 Sexes
              
               (
               whereunto
               the
               Menstrua
               were
               added
               by
               the
               Antients
               )
               proceeding
               from
               the
               purest
               Blood
               ,
               diluted
               with
               a
               great
               deal
               of
               
                 Serum
                 (
                 Barbat
                 .
                 pag.
              
               49.
               )
               which
               is
               transmitted
               by
               (
               the
               
                 Instruments
                 of
                 Generation
              
               )
               the
               preparing
               Artery
               to
               the
               Testicles
               ,
               that
               are
               nothing
               but
               a
               Conglomeration
               of
               
                 Spermatick
                 Vessels
              
               ,
               wherein
               the
               Serum
               is
               separated
               from
               the
               Blood
               ,
               that
               is
               wrought
               and
               elaborated
               in
               the
               Epidydemos
               ,
               or
               production
               of
               the
               
                 Spermatick
                 Vein
              
               ,
               incumbent
               on
               the
               Testicles
               ;
               whence
               it
               is
               carried
               through
               the
               Parastates
               ,
               into
               the
               defering
               Vestel
               ,
               and
               thence
               into
               the
               Spermatick
               Vesseles
               ;
               and
               according
               to
               some
               ,
               the
               ●rostata's
               ,
               ending
               with
               them
               in
               the
               Conduit
               of
               the
               Urethra
               ;
               where
               there
               is
               extant
               a
               Valvul
               ,
               least
               the
               Seed
               should
               involuntarily
               flow
               through
               the
               Yard
               .
               The
               Nerves
               probably
               serving
               to
               render
               it
               fertile
               and
               vegetative
               by
               the
               eff●sion
               of
               
                 Animal
                 Spirits
              
               .
            
             
               There
               are
               almost
               the
               same
               Spermatick
               parts
               in
               Women
               ,
               except
               their
               situation
               ,
               and
               the
               Womb
               ,
               the
               Receptacle
               of
               the
               Seed
               and
               Domicil
               of
               the
               Foster
               ;
               Yet
               
                 De
                 Graass
              
               proveth
               that
               their
               Testicles
               are
               as
               an
               
               Ovarium
               ,
               containing
               perfect
               Eggs.
               Thus
               new
               Wonders
               are
               daily
               found
               in
               the
               Microcosm
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               The
               Place
               wherein
               he
               is
               engendred
               is
               the
               Womb
               ;
               the
               Foster
               being
               found
               therein
               commonly
               gathered
               in
               a
               round
               ,
               and
               wrapped
               in
               two
               distinct
               Membranes
               ,
               the
               Amnios
               ,
               and
               Chorion
               ,
               (
               the
               Allantoides
               being
               only
               found
               in
               Brutes
               )
               wherein
               the
               three
               or
               four
               first
               months
               it
               is
               nourished
               ,
               not
               of
               the
               
                 Maternal
                 Blood
              
               ,
               as
               the
               Antients
               conceived
               ,
               but
               probably
               of
               the
               Chyle
               ,
               transported
               by
               the
               
                 Lacteal
                 Vein
              
               ,
               and
               the
               Arteries
               ,
               to
               the
               Placenta
               ,
               where
               it
               is
               further
               elaborated
               ,
               and
               thence
               partly
               carried
               through
               the
               
                 Umbilical
                 Vessels
              
               ,
               to
               the
               
                 Port
                 Vein
              
               of
               the
               Foster
               ,
               whence
               it
               floweth
               into
               the
               Cava
               ,
               and
               finally
               to
               the
               Heart
               .
               The
               other
               part
               being
               transmitted
               by
               the
               Arteries
               of
               the
               Membranes
               into
               the
               Capacity
               of
               the
               Amnios
               ,
               constituting
               there
               the
               pure
               Colliquamentum
               ,
               mentioned
               by
               Harvey
               ,
               which
               the
               Foster
               sucks
               after
               the
               fourth
               month
               ,
               for
               its
               sustentation
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               By
               the
               Time
               ,
               which
               we
               have
               said
               ought
               to
               be
               considered
               in
               the
               generation
               of
               Man
               ,
               it
               is
               to
               be
               understood
               ,
            
             
             
               First
               ,
               That
               of
               his
               Conception
               ,
               when
               the
               Seed
               of
               both
               Sexes
               is
               mingled
               in
               the
               Womb.
               
            
             
               Secondly
               ,
               That
               of
               his
               Formation
               ,
               which
               is
               thought
               to
               begin
               the
               7
               th
               .
               day
               ,
               and
               to
               be
               perfected
               ,
               if
               it
               be
               a
               Male
               ,
               the
               30
               th
               .
               if
               a
               Female
               the
               40
               th
               .
               or
               42.
               
               But
               it
               is
               more
               probable
               they
               are
               figurated
               about
               the
               same
               time
               ,
               which
               cannot
               be
               so
               exactly
               determined
               .
            
             
               Thirdly
               ,
               No
               more
               than
               that
               of
               their
               
                 First
                 Motion
              
               ,
               which
               was
               conceived
               ,
               if
               a
               Male
               ,
               to
               be
               in
               the
               
                 third
                 Month
              
               ,
               and
               ,
               if
               a
               Female
               in
               the
               fourth
               .
            
             
               Fourthly
               ,
               Neither
               can
               that
               of
               Child-birth
               be
               absolutely
               stated
               ,
               the
               usual
               time
               being
               the
               latter
               end
               of
               the
               
                 ninth
                 Month
              
               ,
               or
               the
               beginning
               of
               the
               tenth
               ;
               though
               admit
               a
               Latitude
               from
               the
               
                 seventh
                 Month
              
               inclusively
               to
               the
               eleventh
               and
               above
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               The
               chiefest
               Signes
               of
               Conception
               ,
               are
               ,
            
             
               First
               ,
               A
               little
               Quivering
               presently
               after
               Copulation
               .
            
             
               Secondly
               ,
               The
               Retention
               of
               the
               Seed
               .
            
             
               Thirdly
               ,
               The
               Suppression
               of
               the
               
                 Monthly
                 Courses
              
               .
            
             
               Fourthly
               ,
               A
               Livescency
               of
               the
               Face
               .
            
             
             
               Fifthly
               ,
               A
               Pain
               and
               Swelling
               of
               the
               Breasts
               .
            
             
               Sixthly
               ,
               A
               
                 Distaste
                 of
                 Meat
              
               .
               Which
               Signs
               ,
               or
               most
               of
               them
               appearing
               ,
               one
               may
               judge
               of
               Conception
               ,
               till
               a
               more
               certain
               one
               be
               discerned
               ,
               namely
               the
               Motion
               of
               the
               Foster
               .
            
             
               5.
               
               Whether
               it
               be
               a
               Boy
               or
               a
               Girle
               is
               yet
               more
               uncertain
               ;
               though
               some
               would
               conjecture
               by
               the
               following
               Signs
               .
            
             
               If
               it
               be
               a
               Boy
               the
               Mother
               hath
               usually
               a
               better
               Colour
               of
               the
               Face
               ,
               and
               disposition
               of
               the
               Body
               ,
               the
               heat
               and
               good
               temperature
               of
               the
               Child
               adding
               something
               to
               that
               of
               the
               Mother
               ;
               for
               which
               Cause
               also
               they
               sometimes
               power
               a
               drop
               of
               the
               Milk
               upon
               a
               Looking-glass
               ,
               or
               such
               other
               even
               thing
               ,
               and
               if
               it
               be
               of
               such
               thickness
               as
               not
               to
               flow
               easily
               ,
               they
               deem
               it
               to
               be
               a
               Manchild
               ,
               otherwise
               not
               ,
               the
               time
               of
               Motion
               ,
               as
               is
               said
               before
               ,
               indicating
               nothing
               in
               this
               .
            
             
               6.
               
               The
               Signs
               of
               〈…〉
            
             
             
               The
               flowing
               of
               the
               
                 Excrementitious
                 Humours
              
               contained
               in
               the
               Chorion
               ;
               the
               Flanks
               and
               Rump
               are
               thrust
               outwards
               ;
               the
               
                 Secret
                 parts
              
               do
               swell
               and
               pain
               ;
               the
               Face
               grows
               Red
               ,
               a
               kind
               of
               feverish
               quivering
               seizeth
               the
               whole
               Body
               .
            
             
               These
               Signs
               appearing
               ,
               if
               the
               Chirurgeon
               be
               called
               ,
               he
               ought
               then
               to
               prepare
               all
               things
               ready
               ,
               and
               exactly
               observe
               what
               is
               to
               be
               performed
               ,
            
             
               1.
               
               Before
               the
               Birth
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               In
               
                 Bringing
                 forth
              
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               And
               after
               the
               Birth
               .
            
             
               1.
               
               Before
               the
               Birth
               a
               special
               care
               must
               be
               had
               ,
               that
               the
               Air
               of
               the
               Room
               must
               be
               
                 duly
                 tempered
              
               with
               a
               
                 moderate
                 heat
              
               ,
               and
               then
               the
               Woman
               must
               be
               setled
               in
               a
               convenient
               and
               middle
               positure
               ,
               so
               that
               she
               neither
               lie
               flat
               on
               her
               Back
               ,
               nor
               be
               yet
               sitting
               ,
               but
               have
               her
               Shoulder
               and
               Back
               something
               raised
               ,
               that
               she
               may
               have
               a
               free
               respiration
               ,
               and
               more
               powerful
               endeavour
               to
               bring
               forth
               ,
               her
               Leggs
               being
               as
               much
               separated
               as
               may
               easily
               be
               ,
               and
               so
               bowed
               that
               her
               Heels
               may
               reflect
               to
               her
               Buttocks
               ,
               which
               should
               also
               be
               something
               raised
               ,
               she
               holding
               her self
               to
               a
               Staff
               fitly
               disposed
               cross
               the
               Bed
               ,
               for
               that
               purpose
               ,
               and
               
               when
               she
               feeleth
               the
               most
               pain
               ,
               she
               must
               be
               admonished
               to
               strive
               ,
               as
               much
               as
               she
               is
               able
               ,
               stopping
               sometime
               her
               Breath
               to
               express
               her
               Foster
               ,
               whom
               the
               Midwife
               ought
               in
               the
               mean
               time
               to
               thrust
               gently
               from
               above
               downwards
               ,
               having
               though
               a
               care
               not
               to
               put
               her
               in
               that
               labour
               before
               the
               time
               be
               come
               ,
               least
               her
               Forces
               might
               leave
               her
               when
               they
               should
               be
               most
               needful
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               In
               the
               Birth
               ,
               it
               is
               to
               be
               considered
               ,
               
                 If
                 it
                 be
                 according
                 to
                 Nature
                 ,
              
               which
               is
               when
               the
               Foster
               issueth
               forth
               instantly
               after
               the
               Waters
               ,
               either
               the
               Head
               foremost
               or
               the
               Feet
               ,
               all
               other
               manners
               rendring
               the
               Birth
               difficult
               ,
               and
               being
               deem'd
               
                 against
                 Nature
              
               ;
               But
               if
               the
               Birth
               succeedeth
               happily
               ,
               the
               Chirurgeon
               ought
               to
               leave
               the
               delivering
               of
               the
               party
               to
               the
               Midwife
               ,
               who
               ought
               to
               proceed
               in
               this
               manner
               ;
               The
               Child
               being
               brought
               forth
               she
               ought
               presently
               to
               let
               follow
               the
               Secundine
               ,
               but
               if
               they
               do
               not
               instantly
               succeed
               ,
               she
               must
               gently
               thrust
               her
               Hand
               anointed
               with
               Oyl
               ,
               or
               the
               following
               Oyntment
               ,
               along
               the
               Navel
               in
               the
               Womb
               ,
               and
               draw
               them
               out
               .
            
             
               The
               said
               Ointment
               is
               composed
               in
               this
               manner
               .
            
             
             
               Take
               Oyl
               of
               Lin-seeds
               ,
               one
               Ounce
               ,
               Oyl
               of
               Castor
               ,
               half
               an
               Ounce
               ,
               Nutinge
               ,
               three
               Drams
               ,
               Laudanum
               ,
               one
               Dram
               ,
               and
               make
               a
               Liniment
               thereof
               .
            
             
               And
               then
               free
               the
               Child
               of
               them
               ,
               to
               that
               end
               ,
               the
               Midwife
               must
               bind
               the
               Navel
               with
               a
               double
               thred
               two
               thumbs
               breadth
               from
               the
               Belly
               ,
               neither
               too
               strait
               nor
               too
               loose
               ,
               for
               fear
               of
               Accidents
               .
               The
               knot
               being
               fitly
               made
               ,
               the
               Navil
               must
               be
               cut
               two
               fingers
               breadth
               beneath
               the
               knot
               ,
               and
               a
               linnen
               cloth
               dipt
               in
               Oyl
               of
               Roses
               or
               of
               Almonds
               ,
               wrapped
               about
               it
               ,
               with
               another
               linnen
               yet
               over
               ,
               least
               its
               coldness
               ,
               till
               the
               time
               of
               its
               falling
               off
               ,
               might
               cause
               the
               Child
               some
               pain
               and
               inconveniency
               .
            
             
               And
               thus
               far
               ought
               to
               be
               proceeded
               in
               the
               Birth
               ,
               when
               it
               happeneth
               without
               extraordinary
               difficulty
               .
            
             
               But
               because
               a
               Chirurgeon
               is
               seldom
               called
               unless
               the
               Birth
               be
               difficult
               ,
               here
               followeth
               the
               Method
               ,
               which
               he
               ought
               to
               observe
               therein
               .
            
             
               The
               Birth
               is
               rendred
               difficult
               chiefly
               by
               two
               Reasons
               .
            
             
             
               First
               ,
               When
               the
               Waters
               which
               ought
               immediately
               to
               precede
               it
               ,
               are
               evacuated
               too
               long
               before
               ,
               whereby
               the
               Womb
               groweth
               dry
               and
               intractable
               ,
               which
               is
               to
               be
               remedied
               by
               the
               following
               Liniment
               ,
               wherewith
               the
               Midwife
               ought
               often
               to
               anoint
               the
               
                 Natural
                 Parts
              
               .
            
             
               Take
               fresh
               Butter
               without
               Salt
               ,
               washed
               in
               water
               of
               Mugwort
               ,
               Mucilagines
               of
               Figgs
               ,
               of
               Lin.
               Oyl
               ,
               and
               of
               Althea
               ,
               extracted
               with
               Water
               of
               Sabina
               ,
               of
               each
               half
               an
               Ounce
               ,
               Oyl
               of
               Flower
               de
               Luce
               ,
               an
               Ounce
               ,
               make
               a
               Liniment
               .
            
             
               The
               following
               Powder
               is
               also
               esteemed
               for
               hastening
               Child-birth
               .
            
             
               Take
               Cinnamon
               ,
               Cassia
               fistula's
               burk
               ,
               and
               Dictamel
               ,
               of
               each
               a
               Dram
               and
               a
               half
               ,
               and
               as
               much
               as
               the
               whole
               of
               white
               Sugar
               ,
               make
               a
               subtil
               Powder
               thereof
               ,
               and
               let
               the
               labouring
               Woman
               take
               half
               an
               Ounce
               of
               it
               at
               a
               time
               ,
               in
               a
               decoction
               of
               Lin-seed
               or
               White-wine
               .
            
             
               The
               following
               Drink
               is
               also
               much
               esteemed
               for
               the
               same
               purpose
               .
            
             
             
               Take
               broken
               bark
               of
               Cassia
               fistula
               ,
               two
               Ounces
               ,
               Red
               Pease
               half
               a
               handful
               ,
               Boyl
               them
               with
               as
               much
               white
               Wine
               and
               Water
               as
               needs
               ,
               add
               in
               the
               end
               two
               Drams
               of
               Sabina
               ,
               and
               make
               a
               decoction
               ;
               In
               the
               Colature
               add
               for
               each
               dose
               a
               Dram
               of
               Cinnamon
               ,
               and
               six
               grains
               of
               Saffron
               ,
               which
               being
               taken
               ,
               provoke
               the
               party
               to
               sneeze
               ,
               putting
               in
               her
               Nostrils
               a
               little
               pulverized
               Pepper
               ,
               or
               white
               Hellebore
               ,
               and
               causing
               her
               ,
               as
               aforesaid
               to
               stop
               her
               mouth
               and
               Nostrils
               .
            
             
               The
               Second
               and
               chiefest
               reason
               rendering
               the
               Birth
               difficult
               is
               the
               discommodious
               Figure
               of
               the
               Child
               ,
               coming
               forth
               otherwise
               than
               the
               Head
               or
               Feet
               foremost
               ,
               which
               being
               perceived
               ,
               the
               Chirurgeon
               ought
               to
               settle
               the
               Patient
               in
               a
               convenient
               manner
               (
               as
               before
               )
               and
               then
               gently
               bind
               her
               with
               a
               broad
               and
               soft
               fillet
               (
               Fascia
               )
               in
               this
               manner
               ;
               The
               said
               fillet
               must
               first
               be
               applied
               to
               the
               Neck
               ,
               and
               thence
               brought
               cross-wise
               before
               over
               the
               Shoulders
               to
               the
               two
               feet
               ,
               where
               being
               again
               crossed
               ,
               and
               in
               many
               folds
               about
               the
               Leggs
               and
               Thighs
               it
               ought
               to
               be
               conveyed
               thence
               again
               to
               the
               Neck
               ,
               and
               
               there
               be
               firmly
               bound
               ,
               so
               that
               the
               party
               can
               in
               no
               wise
               stir
               ,
               and
               to
               procure
               it
               the
               better
               ,
               she
               may
               set
               the
               plants
               of
               her
               Feet
               against
               the
               Beadstead
               ,
               a
               couple
               of
               honest
               Servants
               keeping
               her
               Knees
               as
               much
               from
               one
               another
               as
               may
               easily
               be
               ,
               this
               being
               so
               disposed
               ;
               to
               keep
               out
               the
               Ambient
               Air
               ,
               and
               to
               perform
               the
               Operation
               more
               modestly
               ,
               a
               warm
               double
               linnen
               cloth
               may
               cover
               the
               
                 Natural
                 parts
              
               and
               Thighs
               of
               the
               Labouring
               Woman
               ,
               and
               the
               Chirurgeon
               ,
               having
               first
               cut
               his
               Nails
               ,
               and
               anointed
               his
               Hand
               and
               Arm
               ,
               with
               the
               abovesaid
               Liniment
               ,
               must
               by
               degrees
               gently
               as
               may
               be
               ,
               thrust
               it
               into
               the
               Womb
               ;
               where
               having
               explored
               the
               position
               of
               the
               Child
               ,
               and
               whether
               it
               be
               alone
               or
               with
               another
               ,
               or
               a
               Mole
               ,
               he
               ought
               to
               turn
               it
               so
               ,
               that
               he
               may
               come
               out
               the
               Head
               or
               Feet
               foremost
               ,
               as
               aforesaid
               .
            
             
               But
               if
               this
               do
               not
               succeed
               ,
               or
               that
               the
               Child
               be
               dead
               ,
               which
               is
               judged
               ,
               when
               neither
               the
               Chirurgeons
               Hand
               ,
               nor
               the
               Mother
               can
               perceive
               it
               to
               move
               ,
               and
               most
               sure
               if
               the
               Waters
               are
               
                 flowed
                 out
              
               ,
               and
               the
               Secundines
               are
               
                 come
                 forth
              
               .
            
             
               Then
               he
               ought
               to
               proceed
               in
               this
               manner
               ,
               having
               found
               one
               of
               the
               Feet
               ,
               
               he
               ought
               to
               draw
               it
               out
               ,
               and
               having
               bound
               it
               about
               with
               a
               soft
               and
               broad
               fillet
               ,
               put
               it
               in
               again
               ,
               then
               seek
               the
               other
               ,
               which
               having
               found
               ,
               draw
               it
               also
               out
               with
               his
               hand
               ,
               and
               together
               with
               it
               ,
               by
               the
               fillet
               ,
               that
               which
               was
               bound
               before
               ,
               then
               having
               drawn
               the
               Child
               out
               to
               the
               Flank
               ,
               one
               of
               the
               Arms
               must
               be
               retruded
               along
               the
               Neck
               over
               the
               Head
               ,
               the
               other
               being
               along
               the
               side
               ,
               and
               so
               must
               be
               endeavoured
               to
               be
               drawn
               out
               .
            
             
               It
               happeneth
               sometimes
               that
               one
               of
               the
               Hands
               doth
               appear
               and
               is
               thrust
               out
               ,
               which
               must
               instantly
               be
               throst
               in
               again
               ,
               and
               the
               Child
               turned
               to
               a
               more
               commodious
               figure
               ;
               but
               if
               the
               
                 Womb's
                 Orifice
              
               be
               so
               swelled
               that
               this
               cannot
               be
               done
               ,
               chiefly
               if
               the
               Child
               be
               dead
               ,
               the
               most
               convenient
               is
               to
               cut
               it
               ,
               the
               Bones
               as
               deep
               in
               the
               Flesh
               as
               may
               be
               ,
               least
               it
               might
               hurt
               the
               said
               Orisice
               of
               the
               Womb
               ,
               and
               then
               so
               turn
               the
               Foster
               ,
               that
               it
               may
               come
               out
               as
               aforesaid
               .
            
             
               But
               if
               the
               dead
               Child
               be
               so
               swelled
               either
               by
               Tumor
               or
               Winds
               ,
               that
               it
               cannot
               possibly
               come
               out
               then
               a
               Hook
               must
               be
               struck
               ,
               if
               the
               Head
               be
               swelled
               under
               the
               Chin
               ,
               in
               the
               Mouth
               ,
               in
               the
               hollow
               of
               the
               
               Eyes
               ,
               or
               best
               of
               all
               in
               the
               Pole
               ,
               if
               the
               Breast
               under
               the
               Claviculis
               ,
               and
               if
               in
               the
               Belly
               ,
               in
               the
               
                 False
                 Ribbs
              
               ,
               or
               in
               the
               Bowels
               above
               the
               
                 Navel
                 (
                 Pubis
              
               )
               specially
               if
               the
               Child
               cometh
               with
               the
               Feet
               foremost
               ;
               Others
               do
               endeavour
               to
               cut
               the
               Foster
               in
               pieces
               in
               the
               Womb
               ,
               with
               a
               crooked
               Knife
               and
               then
               extract
               it
               by
               pieces
               apart
               ,
               in
               doing
               which
               ,
               or
               the
               other
               operation
               ,
               if
               it
               should
               happen
               that
               the
               Head
               alone
               should
               remain
               in
               the
               Womb
               ,
               a
               double
               Hook
               or
               an
               Instrument
               called
               by
               Pareus
               ,
               a
               
                 Gryphins
                 Foot
              
               must
               be
               thrust
               in
               ,
               with
               a
               hollow
               Hand
               ,
               and
               struck
               into
               some
               part
               of
               the
               Head
               ,
               as
               aforesaid
               ,
               drawing
               it
               gently
               forth
               ;
               and
               thus
               far
               can
               Art
               be
               extended
               in
               the
               Birth
               .
            
             
               After
               the
               Birth
               ,
               ought
               to
               come
               in
               consideration
               ,
               what
               must
               be
               done
               first
               to
               the
               Mother
               ,
               and
               then
               to
               the
               Child
               ;
               For
               the
               first
               ,
               she
               must
               be
               exactly
               kept
               from
               all
               cold
               and
               ambient
               Air
               ,
               which
               to
               obtain
               more
               surely
               ,
               it
               will
               not
               be
               amiss
               to
               keep
               her
               Leggs
               some
               time
               a
               Cross
               ,
               for
               so
               the
               divided
               parts
               will
               besides
               ,
               be
               the
               sooner
               conjoyned
               ,
               else
               ought
               she
               to
               be
               wrapped
               with
               a
               broad
               Fascia
               over
               the
               Epigaster
               ,
               to
               the
               excluding
               of
               Air
               and
               
               
               
               
               
               Blood
               ,
               remaining
               in
               the
               womb
               ,
               and
               then
               take
               the
               Broth
               of
               a
               Capon
               ,
               or
               a
               piece
               of
               roasted
               Bread
               dipped
               in
               good
               
                 Aromatic●
                 Wine
              
               ,
               besides
               ,
               specially
               in
               Winter
               ,
               the
               Secundines
               may
               be
               applied
               to
               the
               Region
               of
               the
               Womb
               ,
               and
               in
               Summer
               the
               Skin
               of
               a
               Sheep
               newly
               flaid
               to
               the
               whole
               Belly
               and
               about
               the
               Loynes
               ,
               which
               must
               be
               taken
               away
               about
               six
               hours
               after
               ,
               the
               Patient
               having
               rested
               that
               time
               ,
               and
               the
               Hipp●gaster
               must
               be
               anointed
               with
               the
               following
               Oyntment
               .
            
             
               Take
               Sperma
               Ceti
               ,
               two
               Ounces
               ,
               Oyl
               of
               sweet
               Almonds
               and
               Hypericon
               ,
               of
               each
               an
               Ounce
               and
               half
               ,
               Goats
               Suet
               ,
               an
               Ounce
               ,
               Oyl
               of
               Mirrhe
               ,
               an
               Ounce
               ,
               and
               Virgin
               Wax
               as
               much
               as
               needs
               ;
               Make
               an
               Ointment
               to
               be
               used
               twice
               a
               day
               .
            
             
               About
               the
               Navel
               may
               be
               applyed
               a
               Plaister
               of
               Galbanum
               with
               some
               grains
               of
               
                 Zibet
                 ,
                 Muscus
              
               ,
               in
               the
               middle
               ,
               and
               about
               the
               whole
               belly
               
                 Gaulbiers
                 Cloth
              
               ,
               described
               by
               
                 Ambrose
                 Parry
              
               .
            
             
               But
               if
               the
               Patient
               be
               much
               tormented
               with
               Wind
               ,
               the
               following
               Power
               is
               esteemed
               excellent
               .
            
             
             
               Take
               preserved
               Anniseed
               ,
               two
               Drams
               ,
               Nutmeg
               and
               burnt
               Harts-horn
               ;
               of
               each
               one
               Dram
               and
               a
               half
               ,
               Dates-stones
               ,
               three
               Drams
               ,
               Aloes
               ,
               Wood
               and
               Cinamon
               ,
               of
               each
               two
               Drams
               ;
               make
               a
               subtil
               Powder
               ,
               whereof
               give
               her
               one
               Dram
               in
               a
               Cup
               of
               warm
               White-Wine
               .
            
             
               As
               for
               the
               Child
               ,
               as
               soon
               as
               the
               same
               is
               brought
               forth
               ,
               it
               ought
               to
               be
               cleansed
               from
               all
               impurity
               ,
            
             
               With
               Oyl
               of
               Roses
               ,
               or
               of
               Myrtle
               ,
               Which
               some
               do
               with
               warm
               Water
               ,
               and
               some
               astringent
               Wine
               ,
               and
               then
               anoint
               the
               Child
               with
               the
               said
               Oyls
               ,
               taking
               special
               care
               whether
               the
               Child
               be
               not
               infected
               with
               a
               Chalky
               Matter
               in
               the
               Mouth
               ,
               which
               is
               called
               the
               White
               Canker
               ,
               for
               then
               it
               must
               be
               carefully
               cleansed
               with
               a
               little
               clout
               fastned
               to
               a
               stick
               ,
               and
               dipped
               in
               a
               composition
               of
               Oyl
               of
               Sweet
               Almonds
               ,
               Honey
               and
               Sugar
               ,
               then
               having
               explored
               whether
               there
               be
               no
               vice
               in
               the
               conformation
               or
               construction
               of
               the
               bodies
               parts
               (
               for
               if
               there
               be
               any
               ,
               it
               must
               be
               maturely
               corrected
               )
               the
               Child
               must
               be
               gently
               swadled
               ,
               and
               laid
               in
               his
               Cradle
               .
            
             
             
               If
               the
               Mother
               ,
               or
               a
               Nurse
               will
               have
               her
               Milk
               stancht
               ,
            
             
               Take
               Oyl
               of
               Roses
               ,
               and
               of
               Myrtle
               ,
               of
               each
               three
               Ounces
               ,
               Rose-Vinegar
               ,
               one
               Ounce
               ;
               mix
               them
               together
               ,
               and
               anoint
               therewith
               her
               Breasts
               four
               times
               a
               day
               ,
               and
               after
               the
               anointing
               ,
               spread
               them
               over
               with
               Powder
               of
               Myrtles
               ,
               applying
               thereupon
               the
               following
               Plaster
               .
            
             
               Take
               Powder
               of
               Mastick
               and
               Nutmeg
               ,
               of
               each
               two
               Drams
               ,
               of
               Cypress-Nut
               ,
               three
               Drams
               ,
               of
               Myrtle
               and
               VVild
               Granate
               Flowers
               ,
               of
               each
               one
               Dram
               and
               a
               half
               ,
               Ireos
               of
               Florence
               ,
               half
               an
               Ounce
               ,
               Oyl
               of
               Myrtle
               ,
               three
               Ounces
               ,
               of
               Venice
               Treacle
               ,
               two
               Ounces
               ,
               and
               Virgins
               VVax
               ,
               as
               much
               as
               sufficeth
               .
            
             
               Some
               take
               a
               Spong
               dip'd
               in
               the
               dec●ction
               of
               Cumin
               Seed
               or
               Coriander
               laid
               in
               very
               strong
               Vinegar
               ,
               and
               apply
               it
               to
               the
               Breasts
               as
               a
               secret
               .
            
             
               Both
               may
               be
               much
               furthered
               by
               applying
               setting
               Cups
               between
               the
               
               Thighs
               ,
               and
               on
               the
               Sides
               of
               the
               Umbilick
               .
            
             
               As
               for
               the
               Rest
               ,
               which
               is
               but
               little
               accessary
               to
               the
               
                 Doctrine
                 of
                 the
                 Generation
                 of
                 Man
                 ,
              
               the
               Reader
               is
               remitted
               to
               those
               ,
               that
               have
               treated
               specially
               thereof
               ,
               as
               
                 Capuraeins
                 ,
                 Pareus
              
               ,
               &c.
               
            
          
        
         
           
           
             CHAP.
             VII
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               the
               Venerean
               Disease
               .
            
             
               THE
               just
               punishment
               of
               God
               upon
               our
               sins
               hath
               for
               some
               hundred
               years
               since
               ,
               produced
               a
               Disease
               unknown
               ,
               as
               some
               think
               ,
               to
               Antiquity
               ,
               called
               the
               Venerian
               or
               
                 French
                 Pox
              
               ,
               which
               may
               be
               defined
               ,
               
                 An
                 Indisposition
                 composed
                 of
                 all
                 other
                 Diseases
                 and
                 their
                 Accidents
                 ,
                 engendred
                 by
                 a
                 contagious
                 touch
                 ,
                 but
                 most
                 commonly
                 by
                 impure
                 Copulation
                 ,
                 whence
                 the
                 Seed
                 of
                 several
                 Men
                 Fermenting
                 ,
                 ariseth
                 a
                 Venenous
                 either
                 fixt
                 ,
                 or
                 volatile
                 acid
                 Salt
                 ,
                 having
                 usually
                 its
                 seat
                 in
                 gross
                 and
                 viscid
                 Flegm
                 ,
                 whence
                 it
                 procceds
                 to
                 the
                 Invasion
                 of
                 the
                 other
                 Humours
                 .
              
            
             
               It
               is
               divided
               according
               to
               its
               time
               and
               progress
               ,
               in
               —
               
                 
                   Particular
                   ,
                   and
                
                 
                   Universal
                   .
                
              
            
             
               The
               first
               degree
               of
               the
               former
               being
               
               when
               there
               appeaes
               
                 Venerean
                 Ulcers
              
               and
               Cancers
               .
            
             
               The
               second
               ,
               when
               there
               is
               a
               Virulent
               
                 Running
                 of
                 the
                 Reins
              
               .
            
             
               The
               Universal
               is
               ,
               when
               the
               Virulent
               Salt
               spreads
               it self
               through
               the
               whole
               Body
               ,
               and
               infects
               most
               of
               the
               parts
               thereof
               .
            
             
               Its
               Signes
               are
               ,
               an
               intense
               and
               vehement
               Pain
               of
               the
               
                 Ioynts
                 ;
                 Ulcers
              
               in
               the
               
                 hidden
                 Parts
              
               ;
               An
               Inflammation
               of
               the
               
                 Mouth
                 ;
                 Pustles
              
               over
               the
               whole
               Body
               ,
               and
               specially
               on
               the
               
                 Forehead
                 ;
                 Lastly
                 ,
                 Knobs
              
               and
               roughness
               of
               the
               Bones
               ,
               and
               a
               
                 falling
                 off
                 of
                 the
                 Hair
              
               ,
               with
               other
               Accidents
               .
            
             
               If
               the
               Disease
               be
               Recent
               ,
               and
               the
               Body
               in
               Youth
               or
               
                 young
                 Age
              
               ,
               the
               season
               of
               the
               Year
               being
               favourable
               ,
               the
               Cure
               is
               easily
               performed
               ,
               but
               if
               the
               Disease
               be
               Inveterate
               and
               complicated
               with
               many
               accidents
               ;
               If
               the
               Patient
               hath
               in
               vain
               been
               under
               Cure
               ,
               and
               begins
               to
               be
               extenuated
               by
               a
               
                 Consumptive
                 leanness
              
               ,
               proceeding
               from
               a
               Dissipation
               of
               the
               
                 Natural
                 Moisture
              
               ,
               the
               Disease
               must
               be
               esteemed
               incurable
               ,
               and
               only
               tried
               to
               be
               palliated
               .
            
             
               The
               Cure
               of
               it
               is
               performed
               in
               four
               manners
               ;
               Namely
               ,
            
             
             
               1.
               
               By
               the
               Decoction
               of
               
                 Guaiack
                 wood
                 Sarsaparilla
                 ,
                 China
                 Root
                 ,
              
               and
               Sassafras
               which
               is
               the
               gentlest
               way
               ,
               and
               fittest
               for
               the
               first
               degrees
               .
            
             
               2.
               
               By
               Unction
               .
            
             
               3.
               
               By
               Plaisters
               .
            
             
               4.
               
               By
               Suffumigation
               ,
               rejecting
               that
               〈◊〉
               taking
               Mercury
               inwardly
               ,
               as
               noxious
               .
            
             
               The
               first
               
                 is
                 thus
                 reduced
                 in
              
               Act
               ,
               A
               pound
               of
               Guaiac
               being
               cut
               in
               small
               pieces
               ,
               is
               decocted
               in
               Balneo
               Mariae
               ,
               with
               eight
               pounds
               of
               Conduit
               Water
               ,
               to
               the
               dissipation
               of
               the
               third
               part
               ,
               and
               in
               the
               end
               some
               Cinnamon
               being
               added
               to
               it
               ,
               the
               Patient
               must
               take
               of
               it
               something
               warmed
               ,
               five
               or
               six
               Ounces
               at
               his
               usual
               Meals
               ,
               keeping
               himself
               afterwards
               very
               warm
               ,
               to
               provoke
               sweat
               ,
               which
               must
               be
               instantly
               wiped
               off
               ;
               And
               thus
               using
               a
               very
               spare
               Diet
               ,
               the
               same
               method
               must
               be
               continued
               ,
               as
               long
               as
               the
               Patients
               forces
               can
               with
               facility
               suffer
               it
               .
            
             
               The
               second
               manner
               is
               more
               effectual
               ,
               if
               the
               Disease
               be
               Recent
               .
            
             
               The
               Body
               being
               well
               disposed
               and
               prepared
               ,
               the
               Patient
               is
               shut
               up
               in
               a
               warm
               Chamber
               
               and
               Closet
               ,
               and
               the
               Friction
               being
               begun
               ,
               proceed
               from
               those
               parts
               which
               pain
               less
               ,
               to
               those
               that
               are
               more
               painful
               ,
               and
               having
               a
               special
               care
               to
               the
               quantity
               of
               Medicaments
               whereof
               the
               Indication
               is
               drawn
               from
               the
               ●emper
               and
               Srength
               of
               the
               Patient
               ,
               the
               ●●oynts
               and
               Emunctories
               of
               the
               noble
               parts
               are
               usually
               anointed
               with
               the
               following
               Liniment
               .
            
             
               Take
               prepared
               Quicksilver
               ,
               six
               Ounces
               ,
               Sublimate
               half
               a
               Dram
               ,
               quick
               Brimstone
               ,
               half
               an
               Ounce
               ,
               fresh
               Porks
               grease
               ,
               one
               pound
               ,
               the
               yolks
               of
               three
               Eggs
               ,
               Oyl
               of
               Laurel
               and
               Turpentine
               of
               each
               two
               Ounces
               ,
               Old
               Treacle
               ●nd
               Mithridate
               ,
               of
               each
               half
               an
               Ounce
               ,
               let
               ●
               Liniment
               be
               made
               according
               to
               Art.
               
            
             
               But
               I
               rather
               approve
               Mercury
               alone
               ,
               mixt
               with
               Hogs
               grease
               ,
               since
               it
               doth
               not
               expel
               the
               
                 Material
                 Cause
              
               of
               this
               Disease
               ,
               by
               any
               occult
               or
               
                 specifick
                 virtue
              
               ,
               ●eeding
               Correctives
               ,
               but
               only
               by
               its
               mo●ion
               ,
               joyning
               naturally
               it self
               with
               all
               
                 acid
                 moisture
              
               ,
               and
               ,
               as
               Mercury
               dissolved
               in
               the
               Spirit
               of
               Nitre
               ,
               or
               
                 Aqua
                 Fortis
              
               ,
               cor●oding
               the
               mouth
               and
               opening
               the
               〈◊〉
               
               whence
               the
               Humors
               flow
               ,
               till
               their
               acidity
               be
               evacuated
               .
            
             
               But
               before
               the
               Friction
               ,
               the
               Body
               must
               be
               judiciously
               prepared
               ,
               for
               if
               dry
               subjects
               be
               not
               sufficiently
               humected
               ,
               the
               heat
               of
               the
               
                 Stomack
                 sublimates
              
               the
               Mercury
               ,
               whence
               proceeds
               a
               Dia●hae●
               ,
               with
               Gripings
               of
               the
               Gutts
               ,
               and
               if
               it
               be
               stopt
               ,
               there
               follows
               a
               Constipation
               ,
               a
               
                 Feaver
                 ,
                 Inflammation
              
               of
               the
               Throat
               ,
               or
               a
               Phrens●
               with
               Convulsions
               ,
               and
               sometimes
               the
               party
               becomes
               
                 Deaf
                 ,
                 Blind
              
               ,
               &c.
               
            
             
               Contrariwise
               if
               
                 Moist
                 Bodies
              
               be
               not
               well
               exsiccated
               by
               
                 Sudorisick
                 Decoctions
              
               ,
               the
               Mercury
               draweth
               with
               him
               to
               the
               Throat
               a
               great
               quantity
               of
               Humours
               ,
               with
               swelling
               of
               the
               
                 upper
                 Parts
                 ,
                 looseness
              
               of
               the
               
                 Teeth
                 ,
                 Exulceration
              
               of
               the
               Mouth
               ,
               and
               too
               great
               a
               
                 Flux
                 of
                 Blood.
              
               
            
             
               The
               Diarhaea
               is
               asswaged
               by
               the
               decoction
               of
               Guaiac
               ,
               mixt
               with
               a
               little
               White-Wine
               ,
               and
               taken
               for
               some
               days
               in
               the
               Morning
               ,
               whereby
               the
               humours
               Acrimony
               is
               mitigated
               and
               sweetned
               .
            
             
               But
               in
               general
               those
               evils
               are
               remedied
               by
               changing
               of
               Chamber
               and
               Linnen
               ,
               precipitating
               the
               Mercury
               downwards
               by
               astringent
               Gargarisms
               ,
               and
               
               Clysters
               ,
               by
               letting
               Blood
               in
               the
               Foot
               ,
               and
               chiefly
               by
               purgations
               ,
               wherein
               some
               Salt
               of
               Tartar
               must
               always
               be
               added
               ,
               to
               sweeten
               and
               drive
               down
               the
               Humours
               .
            
             
               Some
               do
               often
               swallow
               a
               
                 Golden
                 Pill
              
               ,
               which
               becomes
               white
               ,
               but
               it
               carries
               away
               the
               Mercury
               in
               so
               little
               quantity
               ,
               that
               the
               other
               Remedies
               are
               not
               therefore
               to
               be
               omitted
               .
            
             
               The
               end
               of
               Friction
               is
               to
               stimulate
               a
               Chris●s
               ,
               which
               doth
               not
               proceed
               from
               Nature
               ,
               without
               it
               be
               provoked
               and
               helped
               by
               some
               Medicament
               ,
               whose
               quantity
               ought
               to
               be
               adapted
               to
               the
               vehementness
               of
               the
               Disease
               ,
               and
               forces
               of
               the
               Patient
               ;
               least
               the
               Medicaments
               being
               too
               strong
               ,
               they
               cast
               him
               into
               an
               incurable
               Consumption
               ,
               or
               being
               too
               weak
               ,
               they
               do
               not
               eradicate
               the
               Disease
               ,
               which
               afterwards
               is
               found
               much
               more
               intense
               ,
               and
               incurable
               than
               before
               .
            
             
               The
               third
               Cure
               is
               by
               Plaisters
               ,
               and
               Cerowins
               ,
               and
               is
               something
               slower
               than
               the
               former
               ,
               but
               more
               convenient
               in
               Relapses
               ,
               and
               for
               the
               mitigation
               of
               pain
               ,
               and
               the
               resolution
               of
               
               knobs
               and
               hardness
               ,
               but
               because
               it
               doth
               not
               act
               so
               speedily
               ,
               the
               best
               of
               Artists
               do
               joyn
               to
               it
               some
               Frictions
               .
               Besides
               the
               Plaisters
               of
               
                 De
                 Vigo
              
               ,
               the
               following
               may
               be
               profitably
               used
               and
               applied
               on
               the
               parts
               mentioned
               in
               the
               Article
               of
               Friction
               .
            
             
               Take
               of
               Melilot
               Plaister
               ,
               and
               Saffron-Vinegar
               ,
               of
               each
               half
               a
               Pound
               ,
               Quenched
               Quick-Silver
               ,
               six
               Ounces
               ,
               Oyl
               of
               Laurel
               and
               Land
               Lavendel
               ,
               as
               much
               as
               needs
               ;
               Reduce
               all
               to
               the
               form
               of
               a
               Plaister
               .
            
             
               The
               Scope
               of
               this
               Remedy
               ,
               as
               of
               the
               former
               ,
               is
               the
               procuring
               of
               a
               Crisis
               ,
               either
               by
               insensible
               transpiration
               ,
               Flux
               of
               the
               Belly
               ,
               or
               Urines
               ,
               but
               oftner
               and
               better
               by
               a
               flowing
               of
               the
               Mouth
               ,
               which
               with
               the
               Gums
               and
               Cheeks
               is
               thereby
               as
               aforesaid
               ,
               often
               exulcerated
               ,
               because
               of
               the
               Humours
               Tenacity
               and
               Acrimony
               ,
               and
               these
               Ulcers
               must
               by
               no
               means
               be
               repelled
               ,
               but
               be
               mitigated
               by
               Gargarisms
               ,
               composed
               of
               Decocted
               Barley
               ,
               Cows
               Milk
               ,
               and
               the
               like
               ;
               which
               may
               diminish
               
               the
               mouths
               inflammation
               ,
               and
               wash
               off
               the
               Humours
               sticking
               to
               it
               ;
               but
               if
               this
               accident
               ,
               as
               it
               happens
               sometimes
               ,
               be
               too
               intense
               ,
               that
               it
               threatneth
               an
               extinction
               of
               the
               natural
               heat
               ,
               we
               must
               for
               some
               time
               defer
               the
               proper
               Cure
               to
               cohibit
               so
               pernicious
               a
               Symptom
               ,
               according
               to
               Art.
               As
               for
               the
               Teeths
               loosness
               ,
               it
               is
               cured
               by
               astringent
               Gargarisms
               ,
               but
               more
               powerfully
               if
               the
               Gums
               be
               touched
               with
               
                 Aqua
                 secunda
              
               of
               the
               Goldsmiths
               .
            
             
               The
               fourth
               manner
               by
               Suffumigations
               is
               not
               so
               much
               approved
               ,
               because
               of
               many
               evil
               dispositions
               ,
               which
               it
               leaveth
               in
               the
               Body
               .
               They
               nevertheless
               thus
               proceed
               to
               it
               ;
               The
               Patient
               being
               seated
               under
               a
               Curtain
               ,
               well
               and
               carefully
               extended
               ,
               they
               cast
               in
               a
               Chaffing-dish
               a
               good
               quantity
               of
               persume
               composed
               of
               Cinabre
               ,
               mixt
               with
               Brimstone
               and
               Quicksilver
               ,
               whereunto
               is
               added
               Iris
               of
               
                 Florence
                 ,
                 Frankinsence
                 ,
                 Mirrhe
                 ,
                 Iuncus
                 odoratus
                 ,
                 Assaodorata
                 ,
                 Terebenthine
              
               and
               Theriak
               ,
               and
               continue
               this
               Suffumigation
               till
               the
               Mouth
               begins
               to
               flow
               ;
               and
               that
               is
               its
               Crisis
               .
            
             
               This
               Diseases
               Symptoms
               are
               so
               manifold
               ,
               
               that
               I
               think
               fitter
               to
               remit
               the
               Reader
               to
               such
               Authors
               as
               treat
               of
               it
               at
               large
               than
               to
               say
               but
               a
               part
               of
               what
               is
               needful
               to
               be
               known
               ,
               though
               most
               may
               be
               referred
               to
               the
               General
               Cure
               of
               Impostumes
               .
            
          
        
         
           
             CHAP.
             VIII
             .
          
           
             
               Of
               some
               other
               Indispositions
               which
               are
               Cured
               by
               Chirurgery
               .
            
             
               HAving
               thus
               far
               proceeded
               ,
               we
               are
               to
               treat
               in
               the
               present
               Chapter
               of
               some
               other
               Indispositions
               cured
               by
               Chirurgery
               ,
               whereof
               some
               requiring
               an
               experienced
               Artist
               ,
               others
               yielding
               themselves
               to
               the
               meanest
               Capacities
               ,
               and
               this
               little
               Treatise
               being
               written
               only
               for
               the
               use
               of
               discreet
               Beginners
               ,
               we
               shall
               only
               speak
               of
               the
               following
               .
            
          
           
             
               Of
               Baldness
               .
            
             
               Baldness
               is
               a
               falling
               off
               of
               the
               Hair
               from
               the
               Head
               ,
               caused
               either
               by
               defect
               of
               Nourishment
               ,
               or
               the
               corruption
               of
               it
               ;
               That
               which
               proceeds
               from
               
                 Old
                 Age
              
               ,
               the
               
                 Hectick
                 
                 Feaver
                 ,
                 Burnings
              
               or
               Tinea
               ,
               is
               incurable
               ;
               But
               that
               which
               may
               be
               cured
               is
               thus
               proceeded
               unto
               .
               The
               
                 Universal
                 Remedies
              
               being
               fitly
               instituted
               ,
               the
               remaining
               Hair
               must
               be
               shaved
               ,
               resolving
               Fomentations
               used
               ,
               and
               having
               caused
               the
               vitious
               humours
               to
               be
               digested
               by
               the
               application
               of
               Cups
               and
               Leeches
               ,
               the
               Head
               must
               be
               washed
               in
               Lye
               made
               of
               Iris
               ,
               and
               Aloes
               ;
               lastly
               ,
               drawing
               Fomentations
               must
               be
               ministred
               ,
               for
               the
               attraction
               of
               laudable
               Vapours
               .
               If
               it
               be
               caused
               by
               want
               of
               nourishment
               ,
               the
               Head
               must
               be
               rubbed
               with
               a
               course
               Linnen
               Cloth
               ,
               till
               it
               grows
               red
               ,
               and
               if
               it
               proceeds
               from
               the
               
                 Venerean
                 Pox
              
               ,
               the
               body
               must
               be
               anointed
               with
               Quick-Silver
               to
               a
               perfect
               salivation
               .
            
          
           
             
               Of
               the
               Eyes
               .
            
             
               The
               Eyes
               diseases
               are
               manifold
               but
               their
               inflammation
               is
               the
               most
               common
               ;
               their
               causes
               are
               External
               ,
               as
               
                 Falls
                 ,
                 Blows
                 ,
                 Dust
                 ,
                 Smoke
                 ,
              
               &c.
               or
               internal
               ,
               namely
               a
               defluxion
               flowing
               to
               the
               Eye
               .
               It
               is
               known
               by
               the
               heavine●s
               of
               the
               Head
               ,
               the
               Eyes
               redness
               ,
               pain
               ,
               swelling
               ,
               and
               pulsation
               of
               its
               Arteries
               .
               It
               is
               cured
               by
               the
               same
               administration
               of
               universal
               
               remedies
               as
               in
               Phlegmons
               ,
               and
               the
               due
               application
               of
               Topical
               ones
               ,
               whereof
               this
               Collire
               is
               of
               a
               perspicuous
               effect
               .
            
             
               Take
               Rose
               and
               Plantain
               Water
               ,
               of
               each
               half
               an
               Ounce
               ,
               the
               mucilage
               of
               Gum
               Tragacant
               ,
               two
               Ounces
               ,
               and
               the
               White
               of
               an
               Egg
               ;
               make
               a
               Collire
               to
               Distil
               luke-warm
               in
               the
               Eye
               ,
               applying
               upon
               it
               a
               double
               Linnen
               Cloth
               dipped
               in
               the
               same
               Collire
               .
            
             
               The
               Blood
               of
               Doves
               ,
               Pigeons
               ,
               or
               Hens
               instilled
               warm
               in
               the
               Eye
               mitigates
               the
               pain
               of
               it
               ,
               and
               is
               its
               proper
               Balm
               .
               But
               if
               a
               Relapse
               is
               feared
               ,
               Cups
               applied
               on
               the
               Shoulders
               ,
               and
               an
               Issue
               in
               the
               Pole
               are
               very
               fit
               to
               divert
               the
               Fluxion
               .
            
          
           
             
               Tooth-ach
               .
            
             
               There
               is
               scarce
               any
               pain
               equal
               to
               that
               of
               the
               Tooth-ach
               .
               It
               proceeds
               from
               the
               influxion
               of
               a
               hot
               or
               cold
               humour
               ,
               or
               the
               Tooth
               being
               hollow
               or
               rotten
               ,
               from
               the
               entrance
               of
               ambient
               Air
               ,
               and
               the
               refrigeration
               of
               cold
               Meat
               ,
               or
               Drink
               .
            
             
               The
               Internal
               causes
               are
               taken
               away
               by
               a
               due
               administration
               of
               Universal
               Remedies
               ,
               and
               if
               the
               pain
               proceeds
               from
               
               a
               hot
               cause
               ,
               which
               is
               known
               by
               its
               sharpness
               and
               a
               great
               pulsation
               of
               the
               Tooth
               and
               Temples
               ,
               it
               is
               mitigated
               by
               remedies
               contrary
               to
               it
               ,
               as
               to
               wash
               the
               Mouth
               with
               
                 Granate
                 juice
                 ,
                 Plantain
                 Water
              
               ,
               and
               a
               little
               Vinegar
               ,
               all
               being
               boiled
               with
               
                 Roses
                 ,
                 Wild
                 Granate
              
               Flowers
               ,
               and
               Sumach
               .
               If
               the
               Cause
               be
               the
               fluxion
               of
               a
               cold
               humour
               ,
               which
               is
               dis●●rned
               by
               a
               heaviness
               of
               the
               Head
               and
               frequent
               spitting
               ;
               the
               Teeth
               are
               profitably
               washed
               with
               
                 Garland-Libanotis
                 ,
                 Sage
                 Pierethre
              
               decocted
               in
               Wine
               and
               Vinegar
               ,
               whereunto
               is
               added
               a
               little
               Srong-Water
               and
               dissolved
               Treacle
               .
               But
               if
               it
               proceeds
               from
               a
               rottenness
               of
               the
               Tooth
               ,
               there
               is
               no
               better
               remedy
               than
               the
               drawing
               of
               it
               ,
               and
               if
               it
               be
               but
               a
               Root
               ,
               procure
               the
               corruption
               of
               it
               by
               a
               Cotten
               dipt
               in
               Aqua-fortis
               ,
               having
               first
               tried
               the
               
                 Odontalgick
                 Essence
                 of
                 Flubault
              
               .
            
          
           
             
               Of
               Phlebotomy
               or
               Blood
               letting
               .
            
             
               Phlebotomy
               being
               an
               Operation
               necessary
               to
               be
               known
               of
               a
               beginner
               in
               Chirurgery
               ,
               I
               have
               thought
               fit
               to
               say
               here
               something
               of
               it
               .
               They
               define
               it
               ,
               
                 An
                 Incision
                 of
                 the
                 Vein
                 ,
                 evacuating
                 the
                 Blood
                 and
                 the
                 other
                 Humours
                 contained
                 with
                 it
                 .
              
            
             
             
               Before
               it
               be
               administred
               ,
               if
               there
               be
               any
               Excrements
               remaining
               of
               the
               former
               Coction
               ,
               they
               must
               be
               evacuated
               by
               a
               Clyst●r
               or
               Suppository
               and
               thus
               when
               necessity
               requireth
               ,
               or
               for
               precaution
               in
               persons
               neither
               too
               old
               not
               too
               young
               ,
               Phlebotomy
               is
               celebrated
               in
               the
               following
               manner
               .
            
             
               The
               Patient
               being
               conveniently
               scituated
               ,
               the
               Chirurgeon
               rubs
               the
               part
               ,
               which
               is
               to
               be
               opened
               with
               his
               hand
               or
               a
               warm
               Linnen
               cloth
               ,
               to
               cause
               the
               
                 Bloods
                 attraction
              
               ,
               then
               the
               said
               part
               is
               bound
               with
               a
               Fillet
               a
               little
               above
               the
               place
               of
               Incision
               ,
               which
               is
               designed
               by
               a
               touch
               of
               the
               Nail
               ,
               and
               the
               Operation
               is
               performed
               with
               a
               fit
               Lancet
               ,
               limiting
               its
               evacuation
               to
               the
               strength
               of
               the
               Patient
               and
               the
               curative
               intention
               .
               Lastly
               ,
               the
               incised
               place
               must
               be
               carefully
               bound
               ,
               least
               an
               Hemoragy
               might
               happen
               .
            
          
           
             
               Of
               Cup-setting
               .
            
             
               When
               the
               matter
               is
               conjoyned
               and
               impacted
               ,
               Cupps
               are
               commonly
               applied
               .
               I
               have
               commonly
               thus
               seen
               some
               proceed
               to
               operation
               ,
               having
               something
               rubbed
               the
               
                 destinated
                 place
              
               ,
               they
               set
               on
               it
               some
               kindled
               ends
               of
               
                 Wax
                 Candle
              
               fastened
               
               on
               a
               Counter
               or
               such
               other
               thing
               ,
               and
               over
               it
               apply
               the
               Cup
               ,
               which
               then
               draws
               very
               powerfully
               the
               Humours
               up
               ;
               then
               taking
               them
               off
               ,
               Incisions
               are
               made
               in
               their
               circle
               with
               a
               Lancet
               or
               Instrument
               called
               Scarrificatory
               ,
               and
               they
               are
               again
               applied
               in
               the
               same
               manner
               as
               before
               ,
               laying
               afterward
               Plaisters
               of
               Diapalma
               ,
               or
               
                 Album
                 Rasis
              
               over
               the
               Incisions
               ,
               till
               they
               be
               agglutinated
               .
            
          
           
             
               Of
               Leeches
               .
            
             
               Where
               Blood-letting
               ,
               or
               Cup-setting
               cannot
               be
               performed
               ,
               Leeches
               are
               commonly
               applied
               either
               by
               making
               a
               little
               Incision
               in
               the
               skin
               ,
               or
               anointing
               it
               with
               a
               drop
               of
               some
               other
               Blood
               or
               
                 Sugard
                 milk
              
               ,
               for
               then
               they
               will
               stick
               fast
               ,
               and
               when
               you
               will
               make
               them
               easily
               fall
               off
               ,
               touch
               but
               their
               head
               with
               a
               little
               Aloes
               ,
               or
               Salt
               ;
               and
               if
               you
               will
               know
               what
               quantity
               of
               Blood
               they
               have
               drawn
               ,
               lay
               them
               in
               the
               things
               aforesaid
               ,
               and
               they
               will
               revomit
               it
               ;
               besides
               if
               you
               will
               have
               them
               to
               draw
               more
               than
               their
               capacity
               is
               ,
               cut
               their
               posteriour
               part
               ,
               when
               they
               are
               well
               fast
               ,
               and
               the
               Blood
               will
               run
               
               through
               their
               Bodies
               ,
               which
               also
               is
               stanched
               ,
               if
               it
               flowes
               when
               they
               are
               taken
               away
               ,
               by
               the
               half
               of
               a
               Bean
               or
               some
               
                 burnt
                 Linnen
              
               applied
               on
               the
               little
               wound
               .
            
             
               Thus
               I
               finish
               ,
               and
               if
               the
               Reader
               takes
               this
               short
               Treatise
               in
               good
               part
               I
               have
               my
               Desire
               ,
               and
            
             
               END
               .