Nevv Englands trials Declaring the successe of 26. ships employed thither within these sixe yeares: with the benefit of that countrey by sea and land: and how to build threescore sayle of good ships, to make a little navie royall. Written by Captaine Iohn Smith.
         Smith, John, 1580-1631.
      
       
         
           1620
        
      
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         99846453
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             Nevv Englands trials Declaring the successe of 26. ships employed thither within these sixe yeares: with the benefit of that countrey by sea and land: and how to build threescore sayle of good ships, to make a little navie royall. Written by Captaine Iohn Smith.
             Smith, John, 1580-1631.
          
           [20] p.
           
             Printed by VVilliam Iones,
             London :
             1620.
          
           
             Signatures: [A]² B-C⁴.
             The dedication is in one of four states: (1) text begins "To the consideration .."; dedication to (a) worthy adventers or (b) fish-mongers; (2) dedication is a cancel; text begins "The great worke .."; dedication to (a) Sir Edward Coke or (b) Sir John Egerton.
             Reproduction of the original in the British Library.
          
        
      
    
     
       
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         eng
      
       
         
           New England -- History -- Colonial period, ca. 1600-1775 -- Early works to 1800.
           New England -- Commerce -- Early works to 1800.
        
      
    
     
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           NEW
           ENGLANDS
           TRIALS
           .
        
         
           Declaring
           the
           successe
           of
           26.
           
           Ships
           employed
           thither
           within
           these
           sixe
           yeares
           :
           
             with
             the
             benefit
             of
             that
             Countrey
             by
             sea
             and
          
           land
           :
           and
           how
           to
           build
           threescore
           sayle
           
             of
             good
             Ships
             ,
             to
             make
             a
             little
          
           Navie
           Royall
           .
        
         
           Written
           by
           Captaine
           
             Iohn
             Smith
          
           .
        
         
           LONDON
           ,
           Printed
           by
           
             VVilliam
             Iones
          
           .
           1620.
           
        
      
       
         
         
         
           TO
           THE
           RIGHT
           WORSHIPFVL
           THE
           Maister
           ,
           the
           Wardens
           ,
           and
           the
           Companie
           of
           the
           Fish-mongers
           .
        
         
           TO
           the
           consideration
           of
           your
           fauourable
           constructions
           I
           present
           these
           sixe
           yeares
           continued
           trials
           from
           New
           England
           :
           if
           you
           please
           to
           peruse
           them
           ,
           and
           make
           vse
           of
           them
           ,
           I
           am
           richly
           rewarded
           .
           The
           subiect
           deserueth
           a
           farre
           better
           habit
           ,
           but
           it
           is
           as
           good
           as
           the
           father
           can
           giue
           it
           .
           Let
           not
           therefore
           a
           souldiers
           plainnesse
           cause
           you
           refuse
           to
           accept
           it
           ,
           how
           euer
           you
           please
           to
           dispose
           of
           him
           ,
           that
           humbly
           sacreth
           himselfe
           and
           best
           abilities
           to
           his
           Countries
           good
           ,
           and
           the
           exquisite
           iudgement
           of
           your
           renowned
           perfections
           .
        
         
           
             Yours
             to
             command
             ,
             Iohn
             Smith
             .
          
        
      
    
     
       
         
         
         
           NEVV
           ENGLANDS
           Trials
           .
        
         
           NEw
           England
           is
           a
           part
           of
           America
           betwixt
           the
           degrees
           of
           41.
           and
           45.
           the
           very
           meane
           betwixt
           the
           North
           Pole
           and
           the
           Line
           :
           From
           43.
           to
           45.
           the
           coast
           is
           mountainous
           ,
           rockie
           ,
           barren
           and
           broken
           Iles
           that
           make
           many
           good
           harbours
           .
           The
           water
           is
           deepe
           close
           to
           the
           shoare
           ;
           there
           are
           many
           riuers
           and
           fresh
           springs
           :
           few
           Saluages
           ,
           but
           an
           incredible
           aboundan●e
           of
           fish
           ,
           fowle
           ,
           wilde
           fruites
           ,
           and
           good
           timber
           .
           From
           43.
           to
           41.
           and
           halfe
           ,
           an
           excellent
           mixed
           coast
           of
           stone
           ,
           sand
           ,
           and
           clay
           :
           much
           corne
           ,
           many
           people
           ,
           some
           Iles
           ,
           many
           good
           harbours
           ,
           a
           temperate
           ayre
           ,
           and
           therein
           all
           things
           necessarie
           ;
           for
           the
           building
           ships
           of
           any
           proportion
           ,
           and
           good
           merchandize
           for
           their
           fraughts
           ;
           within
           a
           square
           of
           twelue
           leagues
           25.
           harbours
           I
           sounded
           ,
           thirtie
           seuerall
           Lordships
           I
           sawe
           ,
           and
           so
           neare
           as
           I
           could
           imagine
           ,
           three
           thousand
           men
           .
           I
           was
           vp
           one
           riuer
           fortie
           miles
           ,
           crossed
           the
           mouths
           of
           many
           ,
           whose
           heads
           are
           reported
           to
           be
           great
           Lakes
           ;
           where
           they
           kill
           their
           
           Beuers
           ;
           inhabited
           with
           many
           people
           ,
           who
           trade
           with
           those
           of
           New
           England
           ,
           and
           them
           of
           Cannada
           .
        
         
           
             The
             benefite
             of
             Fishing
             ,
             as
             that
             famous
             Philosopher
             Master
             Dee
             reporteth
             in
             his
             Brittish
             Monarchie
             .
          
           
             He
             saith
             ,
             that
             more
             then
             forty
             foure
             yeares
             agoe
             ,
             the
             Herring
             Busses
             out
             of
             the
             Low-countries
             ,
             vnder
             the
             King
             of
             Spaine
             ,
             were
             fiue
             hundred
             ,
             besides
             one
             hundred
             Frenchmen
             ,
             and
             three
             or
             foure
             hundred
             saile
             of
             Flemings
             .
          
           
             The
             coasts
             of
             Wales
             and
             Lankashire
             was
             vsed
             by
             three
             hundred
             sayle
             of
             strangers
             .
          
           
             Ireland
             at
             Baltemore
             fraughted
             yerely
             three
             hundred
             sayle
             of
             Spaniards
             ,
             where
             King
             Edward
             the
             sixt
             intended
             to
             haue
             made
             a
             strong
             Castell
             ,
             because
             of
             the
             straite
             ,
             to
             haue
             tribute
             for
             fishing
             .
          
           
             
               Blacke
               Rocke
            
             was
             yearely
             fished
             by
             three
             or
             foure
             hundred
             sayle
             of
             Spaniards
             ,
             Portugalls
             ,
             and
             Biskiners
             .
          
        
         
           
             Mr.
             Gentleman
             and
             many
             Fisher-men
             and
             Fishmongers
             ,
             with
             whom
             I
             haue
             conferred
             ,
             report
             :
          
           
             The
             Hollanders
             raise
             yearely
             by
             Herrings
             ,
             Cod
             ,
             and
             Ling
             ,
             3000000.
             pounds
             .
          
           
             English
             ,
             and
             French
             by
             Salt-fish
             ,
             poore
             Iohn
             ,
             Salmons
             ,
             and
             Pilchards
             ,
             300000.
             pounds
             .
          
           
             Hambrough
             and
             the
             Sound
             ,
             for
             Sturgion
             ,
             Lobsters
             ,
             and
             Eeles
             ,
             100000.
             pounds
             .
          
           
             Cape
             Blanke
             ,
             Tunny
             and
             Mullit
             ,
             by
             the
             Biskinners
             and
             Spaniards
             .
             30000.
             pounds
             .
          
        
         
           
           
             But
             diuers
             other
             learned
             experienced
             Obseruers
             say
             ,
             though
             it
             may
             seeme
             incredible
             :
          
           
             That
             the
             Duke
             of
             Medina
             receiueth
             yearely
             tribute
             ,
             
             of
             the
             Fishers
             of
             
               Tunny
               ,
               Mullit
            
             ,
             and
             Purgos
             ,
             more
             then
             10000.
             pounds
             .
          
           
             Lubeck
             hath
             seuen
             hundred
             shippes
             :
             Hambrough
             sixe
             hundred
             :
             Embden
             lately
             a
             fisher
             towne
             ,
             1400
             ,
             whose
             customes
             by
             the
             profit
             of
             fishing
             hath
             made
             them
             so
             powerfull
             as
             they
             be
             .
          
           
             Holland
             and
             Zeland
             ,
             not
             much
             greater
             then
             Yorkeshire
             ,
             hath
             thirty
             walled
             townes
             ,
             400.
             villages
             ,
             and
             20000.
             sayle
             of
             ships
             and
             hoyes
             ;
             3600.
             are
             fishermen
             ,
             whereof
             100.
             are
             Dogers
             ,
             700.
             
             Pinckes
             and
             Welbotes
             ,
             700.
             frand
             botes
             ,
             400.
             
             Enaces
             ,
             400.
             galbotes
             ,
             Britters
             and
             Todebotes
             ,
             with
             1300.
             
             Busses
             ;
             besides
             three
             hundred
             that
             yearely
             fish
             about
             Yarmouth
             ,
             where
             they
             sell
             their
             fish
             for
             gold
             ;
             and
             15.
             yeares
             agoe
             they
             had
             more
             then
             116000.
             
             Sea-faring
             men
             .
          
           
             These
             fishing
             ships
             do
             take
             yearely
             200000.
             
             Last
             of
             fish
             ,
             12.
             barrells
             to
             a
             Last
             ;
             which
             amounteth
             to
             3000000.
             pounds
             by
             the
             Fishermens
             price
             that
             14.
             yeres
             agoe
             did
             pay
             for
             their
             tenths
             300000.
             pound
             ;
             which
             venting
             in
             
               Pomerland
               ,
               Sprusland
               ,
               Denmarke
               ,
               Lesland
               ,
               Russia
               ,
               Suethland
               ,
               Germany
               ,
               Netherlands
               ,
               England
               ,
            
             or
             e●sewhere
             ,
             &c.
             make
             their
             returnes
             in
             a
             yeare
             about
             7000000.
             pounds
             ;
             and
             yet
             in
             Holland
             they
             haue
             neither
             matter
             to
             build
             shippes
             ,
             nor
             merchandize
             to
             set
             them
             foorth
             ,
             yet
             they
             asmuch
             encrease
             as
             other
             Nations
             decay
             .
             But
             leauing
             th●se
             vncertainties
             as
             they
             are
             ,
             of
             this
             I
             am
             certaine
             :
          
           
           
             That
             the
             coast
             of
             
               England
               ,
               Scotland
            
             ,
             and
             Ireland
             ,
             the
             north
             Sea
             ,
             with
             Island
             ,
             and
             the
             Sound
             ,
             New-foundland
             ,
             and
             Cape
             Blancke
             ,
             doe
             serue
             all
             Europe
             ,
             as
             well
             the
             land
             Townes
             as
             Portes
             ,
             and
             all
             the
             Christian
             shipping
             ,
             with
             these
             sorts
             of
             Staple
             fish
             which
             is
             transported
             ;
             from
             whence
             it
             is
             taken
             ,
             many
             a
             thousand
             mile
             ,
             viz.
             
             
               
                 Herring
                 :
              
               
                 Salt-fish
                 .
              
               
                 poore
                 Iohn
                 .
              
               
                 Sturgion
                 .
              
               
                 Mullit
                 .
              
               
                 Tunny
                 .
              
               
                 Porgos
                 .
              
               
                 Caviare
                 .
              
               
                 Buttargo
                 .
              
            
          
           
             Now
             seeing
             all
             these
             sorts
             of
             fish
             ,
             or
             the
             most
             part
             of
             them
             ,
             may
             be
             had
             in
             a
             land
             more
             fertile
             ,
             temperate
             ,
             and
             plentifull
             of
             all
             necessaries
             for
             the
             building
             of
             ships
             ,
             boates
             and
             houses
             ;
             and
             the
             nourishment
             of
             man
             :
             the
             seasons
             are
             so
             proper
             ,
             and
             the
             fishings
             so
             neare
             the
             habitations
             wee
             may
             there
             make
             ,
             that
             New
             England
             hath
             much
             aduantage
             of
             the
             most
             of
             those
             parts
             ,
             to
             serue
             all
             Europe
             farre
             cheaper
             then
             they
             can
             ,
             who
             at
             home
             haue
             neither
             wood
             ,
             salt
             ,
             nor
             food
             ,
             but
             at
             great
             rates
             ;
             at
             Sea
             ,
             nothing
             but
             what
             they
             carry
             in
             their
             shippes
             ,
             an
             hundred
             or
             two
             hundred
             leagues
             from
             their
             habitation
             .
          
           
             But
             New
             Englands
             fishings
             neare
             land
             ,
             where
             is
             helpe
             of
             wood
             ,
             water
             ,
             fruites
             ,
             fowles
             ,
             corne
             ,
             or
             other
             refreshings
             needefull
             ;
             and
             the
             
               Terceras
               ,
               Mederas
               ,
               Canaries
               ,
               Spaine
               ,
               Portugall
               ,
               Prouance
               ,
               Sauoy
               ,
               Sicilia
               ,
            
             and
             ali
             Italy
             ,
             as
             conuensent
             markets
             for
             our
             dry
             Fish
             ,
             greene
             Fish
             ,
             Sturgion
             ,
             Mullit
             ,
             Caviare
             ,
             and
             Buttargo
             ,
             as
             
               Norway
               ,
               Swethland
               ,
               Littuania
            
             ,
             or
             Germany
             ,
             for
             their
             Herring
             ,
             (
             which
             is
             here
             also
             in
             aboundance
             ,
             for
             taking
             ;
             )
             They
             returning
             but
             wood
             ,
             pitch
             ,
             tarre
             ,
             soape-ashes
             ,
             cordage
             ,
             flaxe
             ,
             waxe
             and
             such
             like
             commodities
             :
             We
             ,
             wines
             ,
             oyles
             ,
             sugars
             ,
             
             silkes
             ,
             and
             such
             merchandizes
             as
             the
             Straites
             affoord
             ,
             whereby
             our
             profites
             may
             equalize
             theirs
             ;
             besides
             the
             increase
             of
             Shipping
             and
             Mariners
             .
             And
             for
             proofe
             hereof
             :
          
           
             With
             two
             shippes
             I
             went
             from
             the
             Downes
             ,
             
             the
             third
             of
             March
             ,
             and
             arriued
             in
             New
             England
             ,
             the
             last
             of
             Aprill
             .
             I
             had
             but
             fortie
             fiue
             men
             and
             boyes
             ,
             we
             built
             seuen
             boates
             ,
             37.
             did
             fish
             ;
             my selfe
             with
             eight
             Bthers
             ranging
             the
             coast
             ,
             I
             tooke
             a
             plot
             of
             what
             I
             could
             see
             ,
             got
             acquaintance
             of
             the
             inhabitants
             ,
             eleuen
             hundred
             beuer
             skinnes
             ,
             one
             hundred
             Martins
             ,
             and
             as
             many
             Otters
             :
             fortie
             thousand
             of
             dry
             fish
             we
             sent
             for
             Spaine
             ,
             with
             the
             salt-fish
             ,
             treine
             oyle
             and
             furres
             ,
             I
             returned
             for
             England
             the
             18.
             of
             Iuly
             ,
             and
             arriued
             safe
             with
             my
             company
             the
             latter
             end
             of
             August
             .
             Thus
             in
             sixe
             moneths
             I
             made
             my
             voyage
             ,
             out
             and
             home
             ,
             and
             by
             the
             labour
             of
             45.
             got
             neare
             the
             valew
             of
             fifteene
             hundred
             pounds
             in
             those
             grosse
             commodities
             .
             This
             yeare
             also
             one
             went
             from
             Plimmouth
             ,
             spent
             his
             victuall
             ,
             and
             returned
             with
             nothing
             .
          
           
             The
             Londoners
             ,
             
             vpon
             this
             ,
             sent
             foure
             good
             shippes
             ,
             and
             because
             I
             would
             not
             vndertake
             it
             for
             them
             ,
             hauing
             ingaged
             my selfe
             to
             them
             of
             the
             West
             ,
             the
             L●ndoners
             entertained
             the
             men
             that
             came
             home
             with
             me
             ;
             They
             set
             sayle
             in
             Ianuary
             ,
             and
             arriued
             there
             in
             March
             :
             they
             found
             fish
             enough
             vntill
             halfe
             Iune
             ,
             fraughted
             a
             shippe
             of
             three
             hundred
             Tunnes
             ;
             went
             for
             Spaine
             with
             drie
             fish
             ,
             which
             was
             taken
             by
             the
             Turkes
             ;
             one
             went
             to
             Virginia
             ,
             to
             relieue
             that
             Collony
             ;
             and
             two
             came
             for
             Eng●and
             ,
             with
             the
             greene
             fish
             ,
             treine
             oyle
             ,
             and
             f●rres
             ,
             within
             sixe
             moneths
             .
          
           
             With
             a
             labyrinth
             of
             trouble
             I
             went
             from
             Plimmouth
             with
             a
             shippe
             of
             two
             hundred
             Tunnes
             ,
             
             and
             one
             of
             fiftie
             ;
             
             but
             ill
             weather
             breaking
             all
             my
             mastes
             ,
             I
             was
             forced
             to
             returne
             to
             Plimmouth
             ,
             where
             re-imbarking
             my selfe
             in
             a
             ship
             of
             three
             score
             tunnes
             ,
             how
             I
             escaped
             the
             English
             〈◊〉
             ,
             and
             the
             French
             ,
             and
             was
             betrayed
             by
             foure
             Frenchmen
             of
             warre
             ,
             I
             referre
             you
             to
             the
             Description
             of
             New
             England
             ;
             but
             my
             Vice-admirall
             ,
             notwithstanding
             the
             latenesse
             of
             the
             yeare
             ,
             setting
             forth
             with
             me
             in
             March
             ,
             the
             Londoners
             in
             Ianuary
             ,
             she
             arriued
             in
             May
             ,
             they
             in
             March
             ,
             yet
             came
             home
             well
             fraught
             in
             August
             ,
             and
             all
             her
             men
             well
             ,
             within
             fiue
             moneths
             odde
             dayes
             .
          
           
             The
             Londoners
             ,
             
             ere
             I
             returned
             from
             France
             ,
             for
             all
             their
             losse
             by
             the
             Turkes
             ,
             which
             was
             valewed
             about
             foure
             thousand
             pounds
             ,
             sent
             two
             more
             in
             Iuly
             :
             but
             such
             courses
             they
             tooke
             by
             the
             Canaries
             to
             the
             west
             Indies
             ;
             it
             was
             ten
             months
             ere
             they
             arriued
             in
             New
             England
             :
             wasting
             in
             that
             time
             ,
             their
             seasons
             ,
             victuall
             ,
             and
             healths
             ;
             yet
             there
             they
             found
             meanes
             to
             refresh
             themselues
             ,
             and
             the
             one
             returned
             ,
             neere
             fraught
             with
             fish
             and
             traine
             ,
             within
             two
             moneths
             after
             .
          
           
             From
             Plimmouth
             went
             foure
             ships
             ,
             
             onely
             to
             fish
             and
             trade
             ,
             some
             in
             February
             ,
             some
             in
             March
             ;
             one
             of
             two
             hundred
             tunnes
             ,
             got
             thith●r
             in
             a
             moneth
             ,
             and
             went
             full
             fraught
             for
             Spaine
             ,
             the
             rest
             returnd
             to
             Plimouth
             well
             fraught
             ,
             &
             their
             men
             well
             ,
             within
             5
             months
             odde
             daies
             .
          
           
             From
             London
             went
             two
             more
             ,
             
             one
             of
             220.
             tunnes
             ,
             got
             thither
             in
             sixe
             weekes
             ;
             and
             within
             sixe
             weekes
             after
             ,
             with
             fortie
             foure
             men
             and
             boyes
             ,
             was
             full
             fraught
             ,
             and
             returned
             againe
             into
             England
             within
             fiue
             months
             and
             a
             few
             dayes
             ;
             the
             other
             went
             to
             the
             Canaries
             with
             dry
             fish
             ,
             which
             they
             solde
             at
             a
             great
             rate
             ,
             for
             royalls
             of
             eight
             ,
             and
             (
             as
             I
             heard
             )
             turned
             Pirates
             .
          
           
             I
             being
             at
             Plimouth
             ,
             
             prouided
             with
             three
             good
             ships
             ,
             
             was
             wind-bound
             three
             months
             ,
             as
             was
             many
             a
             hundred
             sayle
             more
             ;
             so
             that
             the
             season
             being
             past
             ,
             the
             shippes
             went
             for
             New-found-land
             ,
             whereby
             my
             desseigne
             was
             frustrate
             ,
             which
             was
             to
             me
             and
             my
             friends
             ,
             no
             small
             losse
             .
          
           
             There
             was
             foure
             good
             shippes
             prepared
             at
             Plimouth
             ;
             
             but
             by
             reason
             of
             their
             disagreement
             ,
             the
             season
             so
             wasted
             ,
             as
             onely
             two
             went
             forward
             ,
             the
             one
             being
             of
             two
             hundred
             tunnes
             ,
             returned
             well
             fraught
             to
             Plimouth
             ,
             and
             her
             men
             in
             health
             ,
             within
             fiue
             moneths
             ;
             the
             other
             of
             foure
             score
             ,
             went
             for
             Bilbow
             with
             dry
             fish
             ,
             and
             made
             a
             good
             returne
             .
          
           
             This
             yeare
             againe
             ,
             
             diuers
             shippes
             intending
             to
             go
             from
             Plimmouth
             ,
             so
             disagreed
             ,
             as
             there
             went
             but
             one
             of
             200.
             tuns
             ,
             who
             stayed
             in
             the
             Countrey
             about
             sixe
             weekes
             ,
             with
             thirty
             eight
             men
             &
             boyes
             ,
             had
             her
             fraght
             ,
             which
             she
             sold
             at
             the
             first
             penny
             for
             2100.
             pounds
             ,
             besides
             the
             furres
             ;
             so
             that
             euery
             poore
             Sayler
             ,
             that
             had
             but
             a
             single
             share
             ,
             had
             his
             charges
             and
             sixteene
             pound
             ten
             shiltings
             for
             his
             seuen
             moneths
             worke
             :
             but
             some
             of
             the
             company
             say
             ,
             for
             sixe
             months
             in
             the
             Hercules
             ,
             they
             receeued
             seuenteene
             pound
             two
             shillings
             a
             share
             .
          
           
             For
             to
             make
             triall
             this
             yeare
             there
             is
             gone
             six
             or
             seuen
             sayle
             from
             the
             west
             Country
             ,
             
             onely
             to
             fish
             ,
             three
             of
             which
             are
             returned
             ;
             and
             (
             as
             I
             am
             certainely
             informed
             )
             haue
             made
             so
             good
             a
             voyage
             ,
             that
             euery
             Sayler
             for
             a
             single
             share
             had
             twenty
             pounds
             for
             his
             seuen
             moneths
             worke
             ,
             which
             is
             more
             then
             in
             twenty
             moneths
             he
             should
             haue
             gotten
             ,
             had
             he
             gone
             for
             wages
             any
             where
             .
             Now
             though
             all
             the
             former
             ships
             haue
             not
             made
             such
             good
             vyages
             as
             they
             expected
             ,
             by
             sending
             opinionated
             vnskilfull
             men
             ,
             that
             had
             not
             experienced
             diligence
             ,
             to
             saue
             that
             they
             tooke
             ;
             
             nor
             take
             that
             there
             was
             ;
             which
             now
             patience
             and
             pract●se
             hath
             brought
             to
             a
             reasonable
             kinde
             of
             perfection
             in
             d●sp●te
             of
             all
             D●tractors
             ,
             
             and
             Calumniations
             ,
             the
             Countrey
             yet
             hath
             satisfied
             all
             ,
             the
             defect
             hath
             beene
             in
             their
             vs●ng
             or
             abusing
             it
             ,
             not
             in
             it selfe
             ,
             nor
             me
             .
          
           
             Heere
             I
             entreate
             your
             Honourable
             leaues
             to
             answer
             some
             obiections
             .
             Many
             do
             thinke
             it
             strange
             ,
             if
             this
             be
             true
             ,
             I
             haue
             made
             no
             more
             vse
             of
             it
             ,
             and
             rest
             so
             long
             without
             employment
             .
             And
             I
             thinke
             it
             more
             strange
             they
             should
             tax
             me
             before
             they
             haue
             tried
             what
             I
             haue
             done
             ,
             both
             by
             Sea
             and
             Land
             ,
             as
             well
             in
             Asia
             ,
             and
             Affrica
             ,
             as
             Europe
             and
             America
             .
             These
             fourteene
             yeres
             I
             haue
             spared
             neither
             pains
             ,
             nor
             money
             ,
             according
             to
             my
             abilitie
             ,
             in
             the
             discouery
             of
             Norumbega
             ,
             where
             with
             some
             thirty
             seauen
             men
             and
             boyes
             ,
             the
             remainder
             of
             an
             hundred
             and
             fiue
             ,
             against
             the
             fury
             of
             the
             Saluages
             ,
             I
             began
             that
             plantation
             now
             in
             Virginia
             ;
             which
             beginning
             (
             here
             and
             there
             )
             cost
             mee
             neare
             fiue
             yeares
             worke
             ,
             and
             more
             then
             fiue
             hundred
             pound
             of
             my
             owne
             estate
             ;
             beside
             all
             the
             dangers
             ,
             miseries
             and
             incomberances
             ,
             and
             losse
             of
             other
             imployments
             I
             endured
             gratìs
             .
             From
             which
             blessed
             Virgin
             ,
             where
             I
             stayed
             till
             I
             left
             fiue
             hundred
             English
             ,
             better
             prouided
             then
             euer
             I
             was
             (
             ere
             I
             returned
             )
             sprung
             the
             fortunate
             habitation
             of
             
               Somer
               Iles.
            
             
             
          
           
             This
             Virgins
             sister
             (
             called
             
               New-England
               ,
               An.
            
             1616
             at
             my
             humble
             suite
             ,
             by
             our
             most
             gracious
             Prince
             Charles
             )
             hath
             bene
             neare
             as
             chargeable
             to
             mee
             and
             my
             friends
             ;
             from
             all
             which
             ,
             although
             I
             neuer
             got
             shilling
             ,
             but
             it
             cost
             mee
             a
             pound
             ,
             yet
             I
             thinke
             my
             
             selfe
             happy
             to
             see
             their
             prosperities
             .
          
           
             If
             it
             yet
             trouble
             a
             multitude
             to
             proceede
             vppon
             these
             certainties
             ,
             what
             thinke
             you
             I
             vndertooke
             ,
             when
             nothing
             was
             knowne
             ,
             but
             that
             there
             was
             a
             vast
             Land
             ?
             I
             neuer
             had
             power
             and
             meanes
             to
             do
             any
             thing
             (
             though
             more
             hath
             beene
             spent
             in
             formall
             delayes
             then
             would
             haue
             done
             the
             businesse
             )
             but
             in
             such
             a
             penurious
             and
             miserable
             maner
             ,
             as
             if
             I
             had
             gone
             a
             begging
             to
             builde
             an
             Vniuersity
             ;
             where
             ,
             had
             men
             bin
             as
             forward
             to
             aduenture
             their
             purses
             ,
             as
             to
             crop
             the
             fruites
             of
             my
             Labours
             ,
             thousands
             ere
             this
             ,
             had
             been
             bettered
             by
             these
             designes
             .
             Thus
             betwixt
             the
             spurte
             of
             Desire
             ,
             and
             the
             bridle
             of
             Reason
             ,
             I
             am
             neare
             ridden
             to
             death
             in
             a
             ring
             of
             Despaire
             ;
             the
             reines
             are
             in
             your
             hands
             ,
             therefore
             I
             entreate
             you
             to
             ease
             mee
             :
             and
             those
             blame
             mee
             (
             beleeue
             )
             this
             little
             may
             haue
             taught
             me
             ,
             not
             to
             be
             so
             forward
             againe
             at
             euery
             motion
             ,
             vnlesse
             I
             intended
             nothing
             but
             to
             carry
             newes
             .
             For
             now
             they
             dare
             aduenture
             a
             shippe
             ,
             that
             ,
             when
             I
             went
             first
             ,
             would
             not
             aduenture
             a
             groat
             ,
             so
             they
             may
             be
             at
             home
             againe
             by
             Michaelmasse
             ;
             but
             to
             the
             purpose
             .
          
           
             By
             this
             all
             men
             may
             perceiue
             the
             ordinary
             performance
             of
             this
             voyage
             in
             fiue
             or
             sixe
             moneths
             ,
             the
             plenty
             of
             fish
             is
             most
             certainely
             approoued
             ;
             and
             it
             is
             certaine
             from
             Cannada
             and
             
               New
               England
            
             hath
             come
             neare
             twenty
             thousand
             Beuer
             skinnes
             ,
             within
             these
             fiue
             yeares
             .
             Now
             ,
             had
             each
             of
             those
             shippes
             transported
             but
             sixe
             ,
             or
             three
             pigs
             ,
             as
             many
             goates
             and
             hens
             ,
             fruits
             ,
             plants
             and
             seeds
             as
             I
             proiected
             ▪
             by
             this
             time
             there
             might
             haue
             beene
             victuall
             for
             a
             thousand
             men
             .
             But
             the
             desire
             of
             present
             
             gaine
             (
             in
             many
             )
             is
             so
             violent
             ,
             and
             the
             indeuours
             of
             many
             vndertakers
             so
             negligent
             ,
             euery
             one
             so
             regarding
             his
             priuate
             ,
             that
             it
             is
             hard
             to
             effect
             any
             publique
             good
             ,
             and
             impossible
             to
             bring
             them
             into
             a
             body
             ,
             rule
             ,
             or
             order
             ,
             vnlesse
             both
             Authoritie
             and
             Mony
             assist
             experiences
             :
             it
             is
             not
             a
             worke
             for
             euery
             one
             to
             plant
             a
             Colonie
             (
             but
             when
             a
             house
             is
             built
             ,
             it
             is
             no
             hard
             matter
             to
             dwell
             in
             it
             .
             )
             This
             requireth
             all
             the
             best
             pars
             of
             art
             ,
             iudgement
             ,
             courage
             ,
             honestie
             ,
             constancy
             ,
             diligence
             and
             experience
             to
             doe
             but
             neare
             well
             :
             and
             there
             is
             a
             great
             difference
             betwixt
             Saying
             and
             Doing
             .
             But
             to
             conclude
             ,
             the
             fishing
             will
             go
             forward
             if
             you
             plant
             it
             or
             no
             ;
             whereby
             you
             may
             transport
             a
             colony
             for
             no
             great
             charge
             ,
             that
             in
             a
             short
             time
             ,
             might
             prouide
             such
             fraughts
             ,
             to
             buy
             of
             vs
             their
             dwelling
             ,
             as
             I
             would
             hope
             no
             ship
             could
             goe
             or
             come
             emptie
             from
             
               New
               England
            
             .
          
           
             The
             charge
             of
             this
             is
             onely
             salt
             ,
             nettes
             ,
             hookes
             ,
             lines
             ,
             kniues
             ,
             Irish
             rugges
             ,
             course
             cloth
             ,
             beads
             ,
             hatchets
             ,
             glasse
             and
             such
             trash
             ,
             onely
             for
             fishing
             and
             trade
             with
             the
             Saluages
             ,
             besides
             our
             owne
             necessarie
             prouisions
             ,
             whose
             indeuours
             will
             quickely
             desray
             all
             this
             charge
             ;
             and
             the
             Saluages
             haue
             intreated
             me
             to
             inhabit
             where
             I
             will.
             Now
             all
             those
             ships
             haue
             bin
             fished
             within
             a
             square
             of
             two
             leagues
             ,
             &
             not
             one
             ship
             of
             all
             these
             ,
             would
             yet
             aduenture
             further
             ,
             where
             questionlesse
             500.
             saile
             may
             haue
             their
             fraught
             ,
             better
             then
             in
             
               Island
               ,
               Newfoundland
            
             ,
             or
             elsewhere
             ,
             and
             be
             in
             their
             markets
             before
             the
             other
             can
             haue
             their
             fish
             in
             their
             ships
             .
             Because
             
               New
               Englands
            
             fishing
             beginneth
             in
             mid-February
             ,
             the
             other
             not
             till
             mid-Maie
             ,
             the
             progression
             heereof
             tends
             
             much
             to
             the
             aduancement
             of
             Virginia
             ,
             and
             the
             Burmudas
             :
             and
             will
             be
             a
             good
             friend
             in
             time
             of
             need
             to
             the
             Inhabitants
             in
             New-found-land
             .
          
           
             The
             returnes
             made
             by
             the
             Westerne
             shippes
             are
             commonly
             divided
             into
             3.
             parts
             ;
             one
             for
             the
             owners
             of
             the
             shippe
             ,
             another
             for
             the
             maister
             and
             his
             company
             ,
             the
             third
             for
             the
             victulers
             ;
             which
             course
             being
             still
             permitted
             ,
             will
             be
             no
             hinderance
             to
             the
             plantation
             ,
             goe
             there
             neuer
             so
             many
             ,
             but
             a
             meanes
             of
             transporting
             that
             yearely
             for
             little
             or
             nothing
             ,
             which
             otherwise
             will
             cost
             many
             a
             hundred
             of
             pounds
             .
          
           
             If
             a
             Ship
             can
             gaine
             ,
             twenty
             ,
             thirty
             ,
             fifty
             in
             the
             hundred
             ,
             nay
             neare
             three
             hundred
             for
             100.
             in
             seuen
             moneths
             ,
             as
             you
             see
             they
             haue
             doone
             ,
             spending
             twice
             so
             much
             time
             in
             going
             and
             coming
             as
             in
             staying
             there
             ;
             were
             I
             there
             planted
             ,
             seeing
             the
             varietie
             of
             the
             fishings
             in
             their
             seasons
             ,
             serueth
             the
             most
             part
             of
             the
             yeare
             ;
             and
             with
             a
             little
             labour
             we
             might
             make
             all
             the
             salt
             we
             neede
             vse
             .
             I
             can
             conceiue
             no
             reason
             to
             distrust
             ,
             but
             the
             doubling
             and
             trebling
             their
             gaines
             that
             are
             at
             all
             the
             former
             charge
             ,
             and
             can
             fish
             but
             two
             months
             in
             a
             yeare
             :
             and
             if
             those
             do
             giue
             twenty
             ,
             thirty
             ,
             or
             forty
             shillings
             for
             an
             acre
             of
             land
             ,
             or
             ship
             Carpenters
             ,
             Forgers
             of
             yron
             &c.
             that
             buy
             all
             things
             at
             a
             deare
             rate
             ,
             grow
             rich
             ,
             when
             they
             may
             haue
             as
             good
             of
             all
             needfull
             necessaries
             for
             taking
             (
             in
             my
             opinion
             )
             should
             not
             grow
             poore
             ;
             and
             no
             commoditie
             in
             Europe
             doth
             more
             decay
             then
             wood
             .
          
           
             Maister
             Dee
             recordeth
             in
             his
             
               Brittish
               Monarchie
            
             ,
             that
             King
             Edgar
             had
             a
             nauie
             of
             foure
             thousand
             saile
             ,
             
             
             
             
             
             
             
             
             
             with
             which
             he
             yearely
             made
             his
             progresse
             about
             this
             famous
             Monarchy
             of
             Great
             Brittany
             ,
             largely
             declaring
             the
             benefit
             thereof
             :
             whereupon
             it
             seems
             he
             protected
             to
             our
             most
             memorable
             Queene
             Elizabeth
             ,
             the
             erecting
             of
             a
             Fleete
             of
             three
             score
             saile
             ,
             he
             called
             a
             little
             Nauy
             Royall
             ;
             immitating
             the
             admired
             Pericles
             prince
             of
             Athens
             ,
             that
             could
             neuer
             secure
             that
             tormented
             estate
             ,
             vntill
             he
             was
             Lord
             and
             Captaine
             of
             the
             Sea.
             
          
           
             At
             this
             none
             neede
             wonder
             ,
             for
             who
             knowes
             not
             ,
             her
             Royall
             Maiestie
             during
             her
             life
             ,
             by
             the
             incredible
             aduentures
             of
             her
             Royall
             Nauy
             and
             valiant
             Souldiers
             aud
             Sea-men
             ;
             notwithstanding
             all
             treacheries
             at
             home
             ,
             the
             protecting
             and
             defending
             France
             and
             Holland
             ,
             and
             re-conquering
             Ireland
             ,
             yet
             all
             the
             world
             ,
             by
             Sea
             or
             Land
             ,
             both
             feared
             ,
             loued
             ,
             and
             admired
             good
             Queene
             Elizabeth
             .
          
           
             Both
             to
             maintaine
             and
             increase
             that
             incomparable
             honour
             (
             God
             be
             thanked
             )
             to
             her
             incomparable
             Successour
             ,
             our
             most
             Royall
             Lord
             and
             Soueraigne
             King
             Iames
             ,
             &c.
             this
             great
             Philosopher
             hath
             left
             this
             to
             his
             Maiesty
             and
             his
             kingdomes
             considerations
             .
          
           
             That
             if
             the
             Tenths
             of
             the
             Earth
             be
             proper
             to
             God
             ,
             it
             is
             also
             due
             by
             Sea
             ,
             the
             Kings
             highwayes
             are
             common
             to
             passe
             ,
             but
             not
             to
             digge
             for
             mines
             or
             anie
             thing
             ,
             so
             Englands
             coasts
             are
             free
             to
             passe
             ,
             but
             not
             to
             fish
             ,
             but
             by
             his
             Maiesties
             prerogatiue
             .
          
           
             His
             Maiestie
             of
             Spaine
             ,
             permits
             none
             to
             passe
             the
             Popes
             order
             for
             the
             East
             and
             West
             Indies
             ,
             but
             by
             his
             permission
             ,
             or
             at
             their
             perills
             .
             If
             all
             that
             world
             be
             so
             iustly
             theirs
             ,
             it
             is
             no
             iniustice
             for
             England
             to
             make
             
             as
             much
             vse
             of
             her
             owne
             ,
             as
             strangers
             doe
             ,
             that
             pay
             to
             their
             owne
             Lords
             the
             tenth
             ,
             and
             not
             to
             the
             owners
             of
             those
             Liberties
             any
             thing
             ,
             whose
             subiects
             may
             neither
             take
             nor
             sell
             any
             in
             their
             territories
             ;
             which
             small
             tribute
             ,
             would
             maintaine
             his
             little
             Nauy
             Royall
             ,
             and
             not
             cost
             his
             Maiesty
             a
             penny
             ;
             and
             yet
             maintaine
             peace
             with
             all
             forrainers
             ,
             and
             allow
             them
             more
             curtesie
             ,
             then
             any
             Nation
             in
             the
             world
             affords
             to
             England
             .
          
           
             It
             were
             a
             shame
             to
             alledge
             ,
             that
             Holland
             is
             more
             worthy
             to
             enioy
             our
             fishings
             as
             Lords
             thereof
             ,
             because
             they
             haue
             more
             skill
             to
             handle
             it
             then
             we
             ,
             as
             they
             can
             our
             wooll
             ,
             and
             vndressed
             cloth
             ,
             notwithstanding
             all
             their
             wars
             and
             trouble
             some
             disorders
             .
          
           
             To
             get
             mony
             to
             build
             this
             Nauy
             he
             saith
             ,
             Who
             would
             not
             spare
             the
             hundred
             penny
             of
             his
             Rents
             ,
             and
             the
             500.
             penny
             of
             his
             goods
             ;
             each
             seruant
             that
             taketh
             33.
             s.
             4.
             d.
             wages
             ,
             4.
             pence
             ,
             and
             euery
             forrainer
             seuen
             yeares
             of
             age
             ,
             4.
             pence
             yearely
             for
             7.
             yeares
             3
             ▪
             not
             any
             of
             these
             but
             yearely
             they
             will
             spend
             3.
             times
             so
             much
             in
             pride
             ,
             wantonnesse
             or
             some
             superfluity
             .
             And
             doe
             any
             men
             loue
             the
             security
             of
             their
             estates
             that
             are
             true
             subiects
             ,
             would
             not
             of
             themselues
             be
             humble
             suters
             to
             his
             Maiestie
             ,
             to
             do
             this
             of
             free
             will
             as
             a
             voluntary
             beneuolence
             ,
             so
             it
             may
             be
             as
             honestly
             and
             truly
             imployed
             as
             it
             is
             proiected
             ,
             the
             poorest
             mechanicke
             in
             this
             kingdome
             will
             gaine
             by
             it
             .
          
           
             If
             this
             be
             too
             much
             ,
             would
             the
             honorable
             Aduenturers
             be
             pleased
             to
             moue
             his
             Maiestie
             ,
             that
             but
             the
             200.
             penny
             of
             Rents
             ,
             and
             the
             thousandth
             peny
             of
             Goodes
             might
             bee
             thus
             collected
             ,
             to
             plant
             New
             England
             ,
             and
             but
             the
             tenth
             fish
             there
             taken
             ,
             leauing
             
             strangers
             as
             they
             are
             .
             You
             might
             build
             ships
             of
             any
             burden
             and
             numbers
             you
             please
             ,
             fiue
             times
             cheaper
             then
             you
             can
             doe
             heere
             ,
             and
             haue
             good
             marchandize
             for
             their
             fraught
             in
             this
             vnknowne
             Land
             ,
             to
             the
             aduauncement
             of
             Gods
             glorie
             ,
             his
             Church
             and
             Gospel
             ,
             and
             the
             strengthening
             and
             reliefe
             of
             a
             great
             part
             of
             Christendome
             ,
             without
             hurt
             to
             any
             :
             ●o
             the
             terror
             of
             Pirates
             ,
             the
             amazement
             of
             enemies
             ,
             the
             assistance
             of
             friends
             ,
             the
             securing
             merchants
             ,
             and
             so
             much
             increase
             of
             Nauigation
             ,
             to
             make
             Englands
             Trade
             and
             Shipping
             ,
             as
             much
             as
             any
             Nation
             in
             the
             world
             ,
             besides
             a
             hundred
             other
             benefits
             ,
             to
             the
             generall
             good
             of
             all
             true
             subiects
             ,
             and
             would
             cause
             thousands
             yet
             snborne
             ,
             blesse
             the
             time
             ,
             and
             all
             them
             that
             first
             put
             it
             in
             practise
             .
          
           
             Now
             ,
             lest
             it
             should
             be
             obscured
             ,
             as
             it
             hath
             bene
             ,
             to
             private
             ends
             ;
             or
             so
             weakely
             vndertaken
             ,
             by
             our
             ouer-weening
             incredulitie
             ,
             that
             strangers
             may
             possesse
             it
             ,
             whilst
             we
             contend
             for
             New
             Englands
             goods
             ,
             but
             not
             Englands
             good
             .
             I
             present
             this
             vnto
             your
             Lordship
             ,
             and
             to
             all
             the
             Lords
             in
             England
             ,
             hoping
             (
             by
             your
             honorable
             good
             liking
             and
             approbation
             ,
             )
             to
             moue
             all
             the
             worthy
             Companies
             of
             this
             noble
             City
             ,
             and
             all
             the
             cities
             and
             Countries
             in
             the
             whole
             Land
             to
             consider
             of
             it
             ,
             since
             I
             can
             find
             them
             wood
             ,
             and
             halfe
             victuall
             with
             the
             aforesaide
             aduantages
             ,
             with
             what
             facility
             they
             may
             build
             and
             maintaine
             this
             little
             Nauy
             Royall
             ,
             both
             with
             honour
             ,
             profite
             and
             content
             ,
             and
             inhabit
             as
             good
             a
             countrey
             as
             any
             in
             the
             world
             ,
             within
             that
             parallell
             ,
             which
             with
             my
             life
             ,
             and
             what
             I
             haue
             ,
             I
             will
             indeuour
             to
             effect
             ,
             if
             God
             please
             ,
             and
             you
             permit
             .
          
           
           
             As
             for
             them
             whom
             pride
             or
             couetousnes
             lulleth
             asleepe
             in
             a
             Cradle
             of
             slouthfull
             carelesnesse
             ;
             would
             they
             but
             consider
             ,
             how
             all
             the
             great
             Monarchies
             of
             the
             Earth
             haue
             bene
             brought
             to
             confusion
             :
             or
             but
             remember
             the
             late
             lamentable
             experience
             of
             Constantinople
             ;
             and
             how
             many
             Cities
             ,
             Townes
             ,
             and
             Provinces
             ,
             in
             the
             faire
             rich
             kingdomes
             of
             
               Hungaria
               ,
               Transilvania
            
             ,
             and
             Wallachi
             ;
             and
             how
             many
             thousands
             of
             Princes
             ,
             Earles
             ,
             Barons
             ,
             Knights
             ,
             and
             Merchants
             ,
             haue
             in
             one
             day
             ,
             lost
             goods
             ,
             liues
             ,
             and
             honours
             :
             or
             solde
             for
             slaues
             ,
             like
             beasts
             in
             a
             market
             place
             ;
             their
             wiues
             ,
             children
             &
             seruants
             slain
             ,
             or
             wandering
             they
             knew
             not
             whither
             :
             dying
             ,
             or
             liuing
             in
             all
             extreamities
             of
             extreame
             miseries
             and
             calamities
             .
             Surely
             ,
             they
             would
             not
             onely
             doe
             this
             ,
             but
             giue
             all
             they
             haue
             ,
             to
             enioy
             peace
             and
             libertie
             at
             home
             ;
             or
             but
             adventure
             their
             persons
             abroade
             ,
             to
             prevent
             the
             conclusions
             of
             a
             conquering
             foe
             ,
             who
             commonly
             assaulteth
             ,
             and
             best
             prevaileth
             ,
             where
             he
             findeth
             wealth
             and
             plenty
             (
             most
             armed
             )
             with
             ignorance
             and
             securitie
             .
          
           
             Much
             more
             I
             could
             say
             ,
             but
             lest
             I
             should
             be
             too
             tedious
             to
             your
             more
             serious
             affaires
             ,
             I
             humbly
             craue
             your
             honorable
             and
             favorable
             constructions
             and
             pardons
             ,
             if
             any
             thing
             be
             amisse
             .
          
           
             If
             any
             desire
             to
             bee
             further
             satisfied
             ,
             they
             may
             reade
             my
             
               Description
               of
               Virginia
            
             ,
             and
             
               New
               England
            
             ,
             and
             peruse
             them
             with
             their
             seuerall
             Mappes
             ;
             what
             defect
             you
             finde
             in
             them
             ,
             they
             shall
             finde
             supplied
             in
             mee
             ,
             or
             in
             my
             Authors
             ,
             that
             thus
             freely
             haue
             throwne
             my selfe
             ,
             with
             my
             Mite
             into
             the
             Treasury
             of
             my
             Countries
             good
             ,
             not
             doubting
             but
             God
             will
             
             shirre
             vp
             some
             noble
             spirits
             ,
             to
             consider
             and
             examine
             it
             worthy
             Collumbus
             could
             giue
             the
             Spaniards
             any
             such
             certainties
             for
             his
             dessigne
             ,
             when
             Queene
             Isabell
             of
             Spayne
             set
             him
             forth
             with
             fifteene
             saile
             :
             And
             though
             I
             can
             promise
             no
             mines
             of
             golde
             ,
             yet
             the
             warrelike
             Hollanders
             let
             vs
             immitate
             ,
             but
             not
             hate
             ,
             whose
             wealth
             and
             strength
             are
             good
             testimonies
             of
             their
             treasure
             gotten
             by
             fishing
             .
             Therefore
             (
             honourable
             and
             worthy
             Countrymen
             )
             let
             not
             the
             meannesse
             of
             the
             word
             Fish
             distaste
             you
             ,
             for
             it
             will
             afford
             as
             good
             golde
             as
             the
             mines
             of
             Guiana
             ,
             or
             Tubatu
             ,
             with
             lesse
             hazard
             and
             charge
             ,
             and
             more
             certaintie
             and
             facilitie
             :
             and
             so
             I
             humbly
             rest
             .
          
        
         
           FINIS
           .
        
         
      
    
     
       
         Notes, typically marginal, from the original text
         
           Notes for div A12467-e160
           
             S.
             
          
           
             Proofe
             1.
             1614.
             
          
           
             Proofe
             2.
             1615.
             
          
           
             Proofe
             3.
             1615.
             
          
           
             Proofe
             .
             4.
             1616.
             
          
           
             Proofe
             5.
             1616.
             
          
           
             Proofe
             6.
             1616.
             
          
           
             Proofe
             7.
             1617
             
          
           
             Proofe
             8.
             1618.
             
          
           
             Proofe
             9.
             1619.
             
          
           
             Proofe
             10.
             1620.
             
          
           
             For
             this
             next
             yeare
             1621.
             it
             is
             reported
             12.
             or
             20.
             saile
             is
             a
             preparing
             .
          
           
             Burmudos
             .